taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C10411555BFFCBE1E8FD3CFDEDFB82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Most species of Blakistonia can be distinguished from those of other Arbanitinae by the following combination of characters (sensu Rix et al. 2017 c): a relatively narrow carapace in dorsal view (e. g., Figs 5 A, 6 A) (relative to species of Euoplos Rainbow, 1914); a square or subquadrate eye group (e. g., Figs 5 D, 7 D); the presence of scopulae on tarsi I and II of females (e. g., Fig. 18 G, H); and the absence of a distal retrolateral tibial apophysis on the male pedipalp (e. g., Fig. 5 J, L). Species of Blakistonia can be further distinguished from those of most Euoplini, Arbanitini and Aganippini by the square or subquadrate eye group. Some species of Eucyrtops (tribe Aganippini) have a similar subquadrate eye group to species of Blakistonia (e. g., Eucyrtops eremaeus Main, 1957), and some Blakistonia can have a marginally trapezoidal eye group (e. g., B. nullarborensis sp. n. [Fig. 20 D] and B. wingellina sp. n. [Fig. 28 D]). However, similar species of Aganippini can be distinguished from Blakistonia by a more strongly attenuate base to the RTA (Rix et al. 2017 c). See Rix et al. (2017 c) for diagnostic molecular characters.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411555BFFCBE1E8FD3CFDEDFB82.taxon	description	Description. Small to large idiopid spiders, usually dark brown to golden or orange-brown in colour (Fig. 1 A – I). Carapace oval-shaped (e. g., Figs 6 A, 9 A, 10 A), commonly with line of setae between fovea and eye group (Fig. 8 D), and males with fringe of setae around lateral carapace (Fig. 14 A); fovea procurved in females and commonly straight in males (Fig. 5 A) or slightly procurved (Fig. 6 A). Eye group square (Fig. 5 A) or subquadrate (Figs 7 D, 22 D), rarely trapezoidal (Figs 20 D, 28 D); anterior eye row always strongly procurved (Figs 5 D, 6 D, 7 D). Chelicerae with rastellum of several strong conical spines in both males and females and with a row of teeth on each edge of furrow, the teeth decreasing in size from distal to proximal end. Maxillae rectanguloid, wider behind than in front, with setae becoming longer towards interior margins; maxillary cuspules present in some males (Fig. 17 F) and all females (Fig. 6 F), becoming denser towards interior margins; labium wider than long, with slightly recurved or straight posterior edge, with two longer clumps of curved setae on anterior lateral edges; labial cuspules present in some males (Fig. 14 F) and some females (Fig. 15 F). Sternum without distinct sigilla or with three distinct pairs in which anterior pair are smallest, the median pair bigger and the posterior pair largest, as in most mygalomorphs. Abdomen oval, typically with chevron pattern dorsally (Figs 9 A, 10 A) and 1 – 5 pairs of unsclerotised sigilla (Figs 15 A, 28 A) in females and also males of B. olea sp. n., but not distinct in B. nullaborensis. Legs with scopulae ventrally on tarsi I, II (Fig. 7 G, H) and metatarsi I, II of all females and some males (Fig. 11 A), and palpal tarsus of females. Male tibia I with either prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, each with raised cuticular bases and bearing multiple terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 8 G – I), two prolateral macrosetae (Fig. 11 G – I), or a single prolateral macroseta (Fig. 9 G – I). Leg tarsi with three claws, one row of teeth on paired claws; female pedipalp claw without teeth. Male pedipalp with short, pointed RTA with broad base; RTA covered in spinules (Fig. 14 J – L); cymbium with field of spinules disto-dorsally in most species, sometimes spine-like; embolus simple, slightly twisted, most species with broad base (Fig. 5 J – L). Spermathecae paired, simple, unbranched, stout and outward facing, oval-shaped in most species, covered in opaque mottled brown glandular nodules (Fig. 18 I). Four spinnerets, posterior lateral pair three-segmented, apical article short with domed or conical tip, posterior median pair small, digitiform.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411555BFFCBE1E8FD3CFDEDFB82.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia has a distribution that is centred on southern South Australia (Rix et al. 2017 c), especially Adelaide and the Mount Lofty Ranges, and extending north into the central arid zone and into the southern Northern Territory around Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park. They are also sparsely distributed in Queensland, western inland New South Wales, western Victoria, south-western Western Australia and eastern inland Western Australia, near the Western Australian / South Australian / Northern Territory border. Blakistonia are absent from mesic south-eastern Australia (east of the Grampians Range), the northern half of the Northern Territory and most of arid New South Wales and western inland / northern Western Australia (see Rix et al. 2017 c, fig. 68 and Figures 29 – 34 for summary distribution maps.) Composition. Blakistonia includes one previously described species, B. aurea Hogg, 1902, and 19 new species: B. bassi sp. n., B. bella sp. n., B. birksi sp. n., B. carnarvon sp. n., sp. n., B. emmottorum sp. n., B. gemmelli sp. n., B. hortoni sp. n., B. mainae sp. n., B. maryae sp. n., B. newtoni sp. n., B. nullarborensis sp. n., B. olea sp. n., B. parva sp. n., B. pidax sp. n., B. plata sp. n., B. raveni sp. n., B. tariae sp. n., B. tunstilli sp. nov. and B. wingellina sp. n.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411555BFFCBE1E8FD3CFDEDFB82.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and remarks. Blakistonia is a diverse group, both in distribution and number of species. Spiders are found in a variety of habitats, from mossy banks in the mesic, high rainfall zone of the Mount Lofty Ranges, to arid desert areas such as those in northern and inland South Australia and Western Australia. The burrows of the most common species, B. aurea, are characteristically D-shaped, slightly indented and plug-like (Fig. 2 B, 2 L); however, other species build a variety of different burrows, including round, indented, plug-like lids (Fig. 2 F – G, K), wafer-like lids (Fig. 2 D, E), and also burrows that are twig-lined (Fig. 2 H – J). Wandering Blakistonia males are usually collected after rainfall events, most frequently in March to May, but have also been collected later in the year from June to September.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115544FFDFE1E8FF66FE2DF8DF.taxon	description	(Figs 5 A – L, 6 A – I)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115544FFDFE1E8FF66FE2DF8DF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material (of B. aurea). AUSTRALIA: South Australia: male syntype, Lower North Road, Adelaide; 4 female syntypes, Blakiston and Mount Lofty Ranges (purportedly BMNH, SAM; presumed lost). Type material (of A. villosa). AUSTRALIA: South Australia: female holotype, Bridgewater (AMS KS 6156; examined). Material examined (exemplar specimens for descriptions and variation). AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 male, Valley View, 34 ° 50 ’ 29 ” S, 138 ° 39 ’ 41 ” E, 3 April 2013, hand collected, W. Chau (SAM NN 29564); 1 female, Echunga, 35 ° 7 ’ 9 S, 138 ° 48 ’ 10 ”, 20 March 2015 (SAM NN 29623 DNA); 1 female, Moralana Drive, 31 ° 43 ’ 06 ” S, 138 ° 31 ’ 52 ” E, 4 May 2013, dug from burrow in dry grass paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29577 DNA); 1 female, Maitland-Ardrossan Road, 34 ° 23 ’ 21 ” S, 137 ° 43 ’ 28 ” E, 6 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29590 DNA); 1 female, Pages Flat, off Pages Flat Road, 35 ° 20 ’ 24 ” S, 138 ° 31 ’ 37 ” E, 3 September 2013, dug from burrow on dry roadside with sparse grass, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29601 DNA); 1 female, Norton Summit, 34 ° 55 ’ 04 ” S, 138 ° 44 ’ 37 ”, 30 April 2015, dug from burrow in mossy clay bank, S. E. Harrison, N. Birks (SAM NN 29630 DNA); 1 male, Satsuma Crescent, Golden Grove, 34 ° 46 ’ 56 ” S, 138 ° 43 ’ 9 ”, 1 June 2015, hand drowned in water in tarpaulin, A. J. Lewis (SAM NN 29633 DNA); 1 male, Morgan, 34 ° 2 ’ 7.12 ” S, 139 ° 40 ’ 20 ”, 15 June 2015, hand wandering at night, M. Newton (SAM NN 29634 DNA); 1 male, Pyap, Murray Mallee, 34 ° 27 ’ S, 140 ° 29 ’ 40 ” E, 17 June 1991, hand collected from house verandah after rain, L. N. Nicolson (SAM NN 20078 DNA); 1 male, Mitcham, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 37 ’ E, 25 March 1979, hand collected at night under porchlight, R. V. Southcott (SAM NN 20047); 1 male, Weetootla Well, Balcanoona Creek, Flinders Ranges, 30 ° 29 ’ S, 139 ° 13 ’ E, 8 May 1989, pitfall, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20096). Victoria: 1 male, Mildura, 34 ° 32 ’ S, 142 ° 12 ’ E, 23 July 1992, P. Hudson (SAM NN 20082). New South Wales: 1 female, Eaglehawk Station, 32 ° 21 ’ S, 141 ° 43 ’ E, N. Birks (SAM NN 29615 DNA). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 male, Crystal Brook Golf Course, Mid- North, 33 ° 21 ’ S, 138 ° 12 ’ E, 12 April 1998, hand collected after rain, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20006); 1 male, Crystal Brook Golf Course, Mid-North, 33 ° 21 ’ S, 138 ° 12 ’ E, 12 April 1998, hand collected after rain, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20007); 1 male, Windsor Gardens, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 52 ’ S, 138 ° 39 ’ E, May 1994, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20009); 1 male, Crystal Brook Golf Course, Mid-North, 33 ° 21 ’ S, 138 ° 12 ’ E, 29 March 1991, dug from burrow, H. Kairl (SAM NN 20013); 1 male, Angaston, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 30 ’ S, 139 ° 03 ’ E, 23 March 1950 (SAM NN 20015); 1 male, Para Wirra National Park, North Oval, 34 ° 42 ’ 40 ” S, 138 ° 49 ’ 34 ” E, 25 April 1989, hand collected, dead, from Latrodectus hasseltii web, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20016); 1 male, Para Hills, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 48 ’ S, 138 ° 39 ’ E, 9 March 1982, hand collected from lounge room of house, T. Morley (SAM NN 20017); 1 male, Parafield Gardens, Adelaide, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 46 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 13 April 1972, hand collected from floor of house, J. Hall (SAM NN 20022); 1 male, Monarto, Murray Mallee, 35 ° 04 ’ S, 139 ° 07 ’ E, 23 May 1978, S. Gifford (SAM NN 20023); 1 male, Magill, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 40 ’ E, 4 May 1994, G. Davies (SAM NN 20024); 1 male, Adelaide, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 56 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, March 1988, hand collected from swimming pool (SAM NN 20025); 1 male, Two Wells, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 35 ’ S, 138 ° 31 ’ E, 1 April 1994, hand collected after light rain, J. A. Mcmara (SAM NN 20026); 1 male, Two Wells, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 35 ’ S, 138 ° 31 ’ E, 1 April 1994, hand collected after light rain, J. A. Mcmara (SAM NN 20027); 1 male, Hawthorn, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 15 March 1985, S. Barker (SAM NN 20029); 3 males, Hawthorn, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 30 March 1988, S. Barker (SAM NN 20031 – 3); 1 male, Windsor Gardens, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 52 ’ S, 138 ° 39 ’ E, 22 March 1989, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20034); 1 male, Magill, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 40 ’ E, May 1967, R. Briggs (SAM NN 20035); 1 male, Adelaide, St Peters College, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 55 ’ S, 138 ° 40 ’ E, 23 March 1953, D. McEwen and N. Birks (SAM NN 20038); 1 male, Blackwood, Mt Lofty Ra., 35 ° 01 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, April 1967, hand collected from bathroom, Mrs Kenny (SAM NN 20039); 1 male, Wayville, Adelaide, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 56 ’ S, 138 ° 35 ’ E, 2 July 2011 (SAM NN 20040); 1 male, Edwardstown, 12 Price Street, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 59 ’ S, 138 ° 34 ’ E, 12 April 1989, D. Jones (SAM NN 20043); 1 male, Edwardstown, 12 Price Street, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 59 ’ S, 138 ° 34 ’ E, 12 April 1989, D. Jones (SAM NN 20044); 1 male, Langhorne Creek, 35 ° 25 ’ S, 139 ° 15 ’ E, August 1997, R. Eckert (SAM NN 20050); 1 male, Mitcham, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 37 ’ E, 28 March 1984, hand collected wandering below porch light, R. V. Southcott (SAM NN 20051); 1 male, Mitcham, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 37 ’ E, 12 April 1978, R. V. Southcott (SAM NN 20052); 1 male, Blackwood, Mt Lofty Ranges, 35 ° 01 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, April 1967, hand collected from bathroom, Mrs Kenny (SAM NN 20060); 1 male, Blackwood, Mt Lofty Ranges, 35 ° 01 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, April 1967, hand collected from bathroom, Mrs Kenny (SAM NN 20061); 1 male, Old Boolcoomata, Olary Plains, 32 ° 10 ’ 36 ” S, 140 ° 18 ’ 04 ” E, August 1996, pitfall, North Olary Plains Survey, (SAM NN 20109); 1 male, Hawthorn, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 2 April 1981, found dead in swimming pool, S. Barker (SAM NN 20661); 1 male, Hawthorn, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 2 April 1981, found dead in swimming pool, S. Barker (SAM NN 20662); 5 males, Belair National Park, Mt Lofty Ranges, 35 ° 01 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, April 1967, hand collected from bathroom, Mrs Kenny (SAM NN 20678 – 52); 1 male, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 37 ’ E, 3 April 2004, S. Bishop (SAM NN 22302); 1 male, Tracy, Mid-North, 33 ° 13 ’ 50 ” S, 139 ° 02 ’ 34 ” E, 27 Oct – 1 Nov 2003, pitfall, Mid North & Yorke Peninsula Survey (SAM NN 22401); 1 male, Happy Valley, Mt Lofty Ranges, 35 ° 04 ’ S, 138 ° 34 ’ E, 11 May 2016, found wandering around while raining, M. Wilkinson (SAM NN 28533); 1 female, Hallett, 33 ° 20 ’ 27 ” S, 138 ° 54 ’ 10 ” E, 15 March 2013, dug from burrow dug from burrow in dry grass paddock, S. E. Harrison, J. Schofield (SAM NN 29556 DNA); 1 female, Teliqua Field Site, off Eastern Road, north east of Burra, 33 ° 36 ’ 39 ” S, 138 ° 59 ’ 14 ” E, 16 March, dug from burrow in dry grass paddock, S. E. Harrison, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29557 DNA); 1 female, same data except 33 ° 37 ’ 05 ” S, 138 ° 59 ’ 17 ” E, 16 March (SAM NN 29558 DNA); 2 females, same data except 33 ° 36 ’ 58 ” S, 138 ° 59 ’ 24 ” E, 15 March 2013, (SAM NN 29559 DNA, NN 29560 DNA); 3 females, reserve off East Terrace, Adelaide CBD, 34 ° 55 ’ 42 ” S, 138 ° 37 ’ 02 ” E, 20 March 2013, dug from burrow in dry creek bank, S. E. Harrison, N. Birks (SAM NN 29561 DNA, NN 29562 DNA, NN 29563 DNA); 1 male, 14 Nanette Drive, Valley View, 34 ° 50 ’ 29 ” S, 138 ° 39 ’ 41 ” E, 3 April 2013, found in shed, W. Chau (SAM NN 29564); 2 females, on road to Mount Middleback, off Port Lincoln Highway, south west of Whyalla, 33 ° 11 ’ 16 ” S, 137 ° 15 ’ 13 ” E, 2 May 2013, dug from burrow near paddock fence in saltbush paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29567 DNA, NN 29568 DNA); 2 females, Pichi Richi Park, Pichi Richi Pass, Flinders Ranges, 32 ° 25 ’ 46 ” S, 137 ° 58 ’ 16 ” E, 3 May 2013, dug from burrow in dry grass, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29570 DNA, NN 29571 DNA); 1 female, Burnt Down Creek, Hilder Road, off Horrocks Highway, 32 ° 24 ’ 51 ” S, 138 ° 06 ’ 53 ” E, 3 May 2013, dug from burrow near creek bed, in dry grass / scrub, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29574 DNA); 1 female, Wilmington-Hammond Road, off Horrocks Highway, 32 ° 36 ’ 33 ” S, 138 ° 08 ’ 02 ” E, 3 May 2013, dug from burrow under gum trees on road verge, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29575 DNA); 1 female, Nectar Brook Road, off Main North Road, 32 ° 37 ’ 02 ” S, 137 ° 59 ’ 40 ” E, 3 May 2013, dug from burrow on rocky road verge next to dry grass paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29576); 1 female, Moralana Scenic Drive, before Black Gap, 31 ° 42 ’ 56 ” S, 138 ° 31 ’ 45 ” E, 4 May 2013, dug from burrow under large gum trees, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29578 DNA); 1 female, Survey Road (dirt road between Melrose and Port Germein), 32 ° 50 ’ 48 ” S, 138 ° 10 ’ 53 ” E, 5 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry creek bank in paddock under gumtree, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29579 DNA); 1 female, Lindsay Terrace, Kadina, 33 ° 57 ’ 25 ” S, 137 ° 43 ’ 07 ” E, 5 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry grassy verge, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29581 DNA); 1 female, Lindsay Terrace, Kadina, 33 ° 57 ’ 25 ” S, 137 ° 43 ’ 07 ” E, 5 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry grassy verge, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29583 DNA); 1 female, Hicky’s Drive, Coobowie, 35 ° 01 ’ 42 ” S, 137 ° 45 ’ 42 ” E, 6 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29584 DNA); 3 juveniles, Saint Vincent Highway, Port Vincent, 34 ° 46 ’ 44 ” S, 137 ° 50 ’ 08 ” E, 6 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29587 DNA); 1 female, Arthurton Road, 34 ° 21 ’ 58 ” S, 137 ° 49 ’ 46 ” E, 6 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29588 DNA); 1 female, Honnor Road (off Minlaton-Maitland Road), 34 ° 23 ’ 52 ” S, 137 ° 39 ’ 59 ” E, 7 May 2013, dug from burrow in dry grass paddock near fence, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29592 DNA); 1 female, Lake Fowler Road (at intersection of Edithbourgh Road and Yorketown Road), 35 ° 03 ’ 35 ” S, 137 ° 38 ’ 45 ” E, 8 May 2013, dug from burrow in dry grass paddock near fence, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29593 DNA); 1 female, on unnamed road from Port Moorowie toward Yorketown (extension of McEacherns Beach Road), 35 ° 04 ’ 24 ” S, 137 ° 32 ’ 01 ” E, 8 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29594 DNA); 3 females, 8 Whitewood Drive, Upper Sturt, 35 ° 01 ’ 04 ” S, 138 ° 41 ’ 26 ” E, 28 July 2013, dug from burrow on steep clay bank, S. E. Harrison, N. Birks (SAM NN 29596 DNA, NN 29697 DNA, NN 29798 DNA); 2 females, Pages Flat, off Pages Flat Road, 35 ° 20 ’ 24 ” S, 138 ° 31 ’ 37 ” E, 3 September 2013, dug from burrow on dry roadside with sparse grass, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29599 DNA, NN 29600 DNA); 1 female, Orroroo, off Orroroo-Peterborough Road, 32 ° 44 ’ 12 ” S, 138 ° 37 ’ 05 ” E, 12 November 2013, dug from burrow in mallee trees next to road, M. G. Rix, S. E. Harrison (SAM NN 29605 DNA); 3 females, Beetaloo Reservoir, on road to entrance, near gate, 33 ° 12 ’ 38 ” S, 138 ° 13 ’ 34 ” E, 2 April 2014, dug from burrow in mossy, grassy bank, S. E. Harrison, M. S. Harvey (SAM NN 29608 DNA, NN 29609 DNA, NN 229610 DNA); 3 females, Cobbler Creek, in reserve, 34 ° 46 ’ 9 ” S, 138 ° 40 ’ 21 ” E, 16 October 2014, dug from burrow in clay bank of Nature Reserve, A. Lewis (SAM NN 29611 DNA, NN 29612 DNA, NN 29613 DNA); 1 female, Morphett Vale, 35 ° 08 ’ 01 ” S, 138 ° 31 ’ 4 ” E, 15 May 2013, hand collected in garden, N. Birks (SAM NN 29614 DNA); 2 females, Black Hill Conservation Park, 34 ° 51 ’ 46 ” S, 138 ° 43 ’ 26 ”, 22 December 2014, dug from burrow in natural clay bank, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29620 DNA, NN 29621 DNA); 1 female, Antsey Hill Conservation Park, Lower North East Road, Horton, 34 ° 50 ’ 28 ” S, 138 ° 44 ’ 44 ”, 1 April 2015, dug from burrow in high rocky bank on side of road, S. E. Harrison (SAM NN 29624 DNA); 1 female, 42 – 43 Lower North East Road, Houghton, 34 ° 49 ’ 48 ” S, 138 ° 45 ’ 34 ”, 1 April 2015, dug from burrow in very hard rocky bank, S. E. Harrison (SAM NN 29625 DNA); 2 females, Para Wirra Conservation Park, Yattalunga, 34 ° 41 ’ 28 ” S, 138 ° 49 ’ 30 ”, 1 April 2015, dug from burrow in clay bank, S. E. Harrison, B. Horton (SAM NN 29627 DNA, NN 29628 DNA); 1 juvenile, same data (SAM NN 29629 DNA); 1 female, Teringie Drive, Norton Summit, 34 ° 54 ’ 46 ” S, 138 ° 42 ’ 35 ”, 30 April 2015, dug from burrow in driveway cutting, S. E. Harrison, N. Birks (SAM NN 29631 DNA); 1 female, Beetaloo reservoir, on road to entrance, near gate, 33 ° 12 ’ 38 ” S, 138 ° 13 ’ 34 ” E, 5 May 2014, dug from burrow in mossy, grassy bank, S. E. Harrison (SAM NN 29632); 1 female, Belair National Park, 35 ° 00 ’ 18 ” S, 138 ° 38 ’ 07 ”, 20 August 2015, dug from burrow in mossy bank on side of walking trail, S. E. Harrison, D. Stringer and A. Lewis (SAM NN 29637 DNA); 1 female, Brown Hill Conservation Park, 34 ° 59 ’ 14 ” S, 138 ° 39 ’ 11 ” E, 16 February 2016, dug from burrow in mossy bank on side of walking trail, S. E. Harrison, D. Bass (SAM NN 29640 DNA); 1 female, Mount Crawford Forest Reserve, 34 ° 42 ’ 41 ” S, 138 ° 55 ’ 57 ” E, 16 February 2016, dug from burrow in clay bank next to roadside, S. E. Harrison, M. Harrison (SAM NN 29641 DNA); 1 female, Kapunda, 34 ° 20 ’ 28 ” S, 138 ° 58 ’ 36 ” E, 2 December 2014, pulled out of burrow with optiscope, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29796 DNA); 1 female, Terowie, 33 ° 15 ’ 28 ” S, 138 ° 54 ’ 26 ”, 2 April 2013, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29797 DNA); 1 female, Burra, 33 ° 40 ’ 44 ” S, 138 ° 57 ’ 43 ” E, 27 September 2014, pulled out of burrow with optiscope, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29798 DNA); 1 female, Tiliqua Reserve, 33 ° 36 ’ 51 ” S, 138 ° 59 ’ 8 ” E, 15 July 2013, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29799 DNA); 1 female, Burra, 33 ° 40 ’ 44 ” S, 138 ° 57 ’ 43 ” E, 23 September 2013, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29801 DNA); 1 female, Tiliqua Reserve, 33 ° 36 ’ 51 ” S, 138 ° 59 ’ 8 ” E, 15 July 2013, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29802 DNA); 1 female, Burra, 33 ° 40 ’ 44 ” S, 138 ° 57 ’ 43 ” E, 27 September 2014, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29803 DNA); 1 female, Kapunda, 33 ° 20 ’ 28 ” S, 138 ° 58 ’ 36 ” E, 2 December 2014, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29804 DNA); 1 female, Jamestown, 33 ° 16 ’ 6 ” S, 138 ° 37 ’ 21 ” E, 23 February 2015, pulled out of burrow with optiscope, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29806 DNA); 1 female, Hallett, 33 ° 20 ’ 9 ” S, 138 ° 53 ’ 18 ” E, 18 July 2013, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29807 DNA); 1 female, Baldina station, near Burra, 33 ° 39 ’ 54 ” S, 139 ° 2 ’ 2 ” E, 18 July 2013, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29808 DNA); 1 male, Mallala, 34 ° 27 ’ S, 138 ° 31 ’ E, 1900 (KS. 43729); 1 male, Hawthorn, 29 Angas Road, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 17 May 1969, S. Barker (WAM T 141078); 2 males, Torrens Gorge, Adelaide, 34 ° 51 ’ S, 138 ° 44 ’ E, 20 March 1974, S. Barker (WAM T 141079); 1 male, Hawthorn, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 1 April 1983, S. Barker (WAM T 141080); 3 males, Hawthorn, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 1 April 1983, S. Barker (WAM T 141081 – 3); 1 male, Westbourne Park, 60 Monmouth Road, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 35 ’ E, 4 August 1954, K. Main (WAM T 141098); 1 male, Dublin, 34 ° 27 ’ S, 138 ° 21 ’ E, 16 May 1986, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141105); 2 males, Hawthorn, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 18 April 1986, S. Barker (WAM T 141115). Victoria: 1 female, Chinkapook, off Pier-Millan-Chinkapook Road, 35 ° 11 ’ 20 ” S, 142 ° 56 ’ 16 ” E, 13 November 2013, dug from burrow in mallee woodland, M. G. Rix, S. E. Harrison (SAM NN 29606 DNA); 1 female, Meringur Flora and Fauna Reserve, N. of Meringur, 34 ° 22 ’ 01 ” S, 141 ° 20 ’ 04 ” E, 14 November 2013, dug from burrow in Casuarina woodland, M. G. Rix, S. E. Harrison (SAM NN 29607 DNA).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115544FFDFE1E8FF66FE2DF8DF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. aurea can be distinguished from those of B. maryae, B. plata, B. birksi, B. newtoni, B. hortoni, B. parva, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, each with raised cuticular bases and bearing multiple terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 5 G – I); from those of B. bella, by the absence of a dark dorsal cardiac stripe (Fig. 5 A); from those of B. pidax, by the presence of thickened spine-like setae on the cymbium (Fig. 5 J – L); from those of B. emmottorum, by the square eye group (Fig. 5 D); from those of B. tunstilli, by the spinules of the palpal tibia being similar to or only slightly shorter in length to those on the RTA (Fig. 5 J, L); and from those of B. gemmelli, by the relatively long RTA (with the field of RTA spinules extending further onto the tibia) (Fig. 5 J), and by the moderate to weak abdominal pattern (Fig. 5 A). Females of B. aurea can be distinguished from those of B. bassi, B. mainae, B. maryae, B. wingellina and B. nullarborensis by the combined absence of a trapezoidal eye group (Fig. 6 D), the absence of golden hairs on the carapace and the absence of dark brown on the book lungs (in contrast to abdomen colour) (Fig. 6 C); from those of B. birksi by abdominal chevrons being lighter brown (as opposed to chevrons being dark brown to black) (Fig. 6 A); and from those of B. maryae by the presence of labial cuspules (Fig. 6 E, F). All life stages of B. aurea can also be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data except B. bassi by the following nucleotide substitutions (n = 71 specimens): T (547), A or G (549); and from those of B. bassi by the following nucleotide substitutions: T (68), T (102), C (199), T (216), A (255), G (264), T (336), C (339), A (367), T (426), G (433), C (462), C (470), T (479), G (520), C (535), G (546).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115544FFDFE1E8FF66FE2DF8DF.taxon	description	Description. Male (SAM NN 29564). Medium-sized idiopid spider (total length 16.3). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 5 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp golden-brown, with darker line between fovea and eye group (Fig. 5 A); sternum also, darker towards anterior margins; labium golden-brown, maxillae slightly darker yellow brown, chelicerae dark red-brown (Fig. 5 E, F); abdomen yellow-brown without noticeable chevron pattern (Fig. 5 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 7.4 long, 5.9 wide, 4.7 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 5 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 5 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; row of thickened setae between fovea and eye group; carapace sparsely setose, with indistinct lines of setae radiating from fovea, concentrated and forming fringe on lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus and both sides of eye group (Fig. 5 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.1 wide, 1.1 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row very slightly recurved; AME only slightly smaller than ALE and separated by about AME diameter; PLE only slightly larger than ALE and separated by just over about PLE diameter; PME pale, about half size of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 5 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 5 F). Sternum 3.4 long, 2.8 wide, evenly setose; three pairs of faint sigilla (Fig. 5 E). Maxillae with 5 (left) and 7 (right) cuspules (Fig. 5 E, F). Legs: diffusely setose and spinose on all surfaces; tarsi I, II slightly ventrally flattened; tarsi and distal metatarsi I, II scopulate (Fig. 5 G – I). Paired tarsal claws with 1 row of ventral teeth: leg I p 6 (6 large), r 6 (6 large); leg II p 5 (5 large), r 5 (5 large); leg III p 5 (5 large), r 4 (4 large); leg IV r 5 (5 large), r 5 (5 large). Spination: Tibia I with prolateral clasping spurs, distal-most spur with 2 terminal peg-like macrosetae, proximal-most with 3 terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 5 G – I); r 3. Leg II: tibia p 1; metatarsus p 3; metatarsus p 1, r 4. Leg III: patella p 3; tibia p 2, r 1; metatarsus p 6, r 9; tarsus p 3, r 5. Leg IV: tibia p 1, r 1; metatarsus p 9, r 2; tarsus p 8, r 5. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 6.2, patella 3.2, tibia 4.4, metatarsus 4.6, tarsus 2.7, total = 21.9. Leg II: femur 5.2, patella 2.7, tibia 3.7, metatarsus 4.5, tarsus 2.3, total = 18.4. Leg III: femur 6.2, patella 3.2, tibia 4.4, metatarsus 4.6, tarsus 2.7, total = 21.9. Leg IV: femur 6.2, patella 3.5, tibia 6.1, metatarsus 6.5, tarsus 3.4, total = 25.7. Pedipalp: femur 4.9, patella 2.1, tibia 3.3, tarsus 1.5, total = 11.8. Pedipalp: Femur with dorsal spines, patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA short and pointed, covered in short, dense spinules for just over half distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, tip noticeably twisted, just over length of bulb; cymbium covered with rows of short spinules, getting longer and denser on distal cymbium (Fig. 5 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, 2 pairs of unsclerotised dorsal sigilla; 8.9 long, 5.7 wide (Fig. 5 A). Variation (n = 7): Carapace 4.8 – 7.6 long, 5.0 – 6.2 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: Leg I: tibia r 1 – 3, metatarsus r 0 – 3. Leg II: tibia p 1 – 2, r 3 – 7; metatarsus p 0 – 3, r 3 – 8, tarsus r 0 – 5. Leg III: patella p 0 – 4; tibia p 1 – 4, r – 3; metatarsus p 6 – 11, r 5 – 12. Leg IV: tibia p 0 – 2, r 0 – 3; metatarsus p 7 – 11, r 3 – 8; tarsus p 0 – 0, r 1 – 5. Female (SAM NN 29623 DNA). Large idiopid spider (total length 19.4). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 6 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp golden-brown, with darker line between fovea and eye group (Fig. 6 A); sternum golden-brown, darker towards anterior margins; labium as sternum, maxillae slightly darker yellow brown, chelicerae dark reddish brown (Fig. 6 E, F); abdomen yellowish brown with faint chevron pattern (Fig. 6 A, C); dorsal femur the darkest (Fig. 6 G, H). Cephalothorax: Carapace 8.6 long, 7.2 wide, 7.2 high, 1.2 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 6 A); caput moderately raised, ocular area flat (Fig. 6 C); cuticle uniformly smooth; fovea procurved; one row of thick setae between fovea and eye group; small, fine setae scattered very sparsely across carapace, concentrated and form very fine, indistinct fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 6 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.7 wide, 1.3 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.1; posterior eye row straight; AME slightly smaller than ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; ALE and PLE separated by about twice the ALE diameter; PME pale, only slightly smaller than PLE, and separated from PLE by just less than its own diameter (Fig. 6 D). Labium with ca. 11 cuspules (Fig. 6 F). Sternum 5.1 long, 4.2 wide, moderately setose with setae densely grouper and longer around margins; 2 pairs of faint sigilla of similar side near posterior half of lateral margins (Fig. 6 E). Maxillae with ca. 44 (left) and 24 (right) cuspules (Fig. 6 E, F). Legs: moderately setose and diffusely spinose, with retrolateral side of all legs being least setose and dorsal sides of III and IV with thick, dense, spine-like setae; distinct upright setae on metatarsi I, II; femora I, II, and pedipalp laterally bowed; tarsi and metatarsi I, II, and palpal tarsi heavily scopulate (Fig. 6 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 2 (1 large, 1 small) r 0; leg II p 2 (1 large, 1 small), r 2 (1 large, 1 small); leg III p 0, r 0; right leg IV p 2 (2 large), r 0. Pedipalp claw with 2 large teeth. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 3, r 4; metatarsus p 2, r 5; tarsus p 2, r 4 (Fig. 6 G, H). Leg II: tibia p 2, r 4; metatarsus p 3, r 7; tarsus p 2, r 4. Leg III: patella p 5; tibia p 6, metatarsus p 7, r 6; tarsus with ventral patch of 9 short spines. Right leg IV: metatarsus p 7, r 1; tarsus with 16 spines ventrally. Pedipalp: patella p 1; tibia p 6, r 6; tarsus p 3, r 3. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 5.0, patella 3.4, tibia 3.0, metatarsus 2.3, tarsus 1.8, total = 15.5. Leg II: femur 4.5, patella 3.2, tibia 2.7, metatarsus 2.4, tarsus 1.9, total = 14.7. Leg III: femur 4.0, patella 3.1, tibia 2.6, metatarsus 2.7, tarsus 2.00, total = 14.4. Leg IV (right): femur 5.7, patella 4.0, tibia 4.8, metatarsus 4.2, tarsus 2.3, total = 21.0. Pedipalp: femur 4.5, patella 2.6, tibia 2.5, tarsus 3.4, total = 13.0. Abdomen: Setose, oval, three pairs of unsclerotised dorsal sigilla; 10.8 long, 7.8 wide (Fig. 6 A). Genitalia: Spermathecae paired, simple, unbranched, stout and outward facing, oval-shaped, covered in opaque mottled brown nodules (Fig. 6 I). Variation (n = 7): Carapace 6.3 – 9.9 long, 5.4 – 8.7 wide, 7 – 17 labial cuspules. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 2 – 7, r 4 – 7; metatarsus p 2 – 4, r 5 – 6; tarsus p 1 – 2, r 2 – 4. Leg II: tibia p 0 – 2, r 4 – 5; metatarsus p 3 – 5, r 5 – 7; tarsus p 2 – 3, r 4 – 7. Leg III: patella p 3 – 5; tibia p 1 – 6, r 0 – 1; metatarsus p 7 – 10, r 1 – 4; tarsus with about 10 – 20 spines ventrally. Pedipalp: patella p 0 – 1, r 0 – 1; tibia p 4 – 9, r 5 – 7; tarsus p 1 – 3, r 1 – 4.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115544FFDFE1E8FF66FE2DF8DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia aurea has the broadest distribution of all species in the genus. It is found throughout the north-eastern Eyre Peninsula, the Yorke Peninsula, Flinders Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula, and Mount Lofty Ranges, as well as western Victoria and far south-western New South Wales (Fig. 30).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115544FFDFE1E8FF66FE2DF8DF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Blakistonia aurea reaches a high population density in some areas around Adelaide and the Fleurieu Peninsula in optimal conditions. The preferred habitat is clay banks, and the spiders can often be found on roadside cuttings and creek banks. Males are often found after rain in swimming pools or wandering on verandas. The spiders build a characteristic thick D-shaped plug burrow (Fig. 2 A – C). Rainbow and Pulleine (1918) and Main (1985) observed that spiders sometimes construct a burrow with an unusual crenulated edge, simulating a clam-shell (Fig. 2 A). These populations were sampled and included in the molecular study, which confirmed that they did fall within B. aurea, suggesting that this is a behavioural adaption to certain conditions. We have examined the holotype of Ag. villosa and agree with its synonymy following Main (1985).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554DFFDDE1E8FF66FD66FE3E.taxon	description	(Fig. 7 A – I)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554DFFDDE1E8FF66FD66FE3E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype female, off Pound Road, Ashton, Mount Lofty Ranges ,, 34 ° 55 ’ 55.608 ” S, 138 ° 44 ’ 49.667 ” E, 22 December 2014, hand collected from mossy roadside bank, S. E. Harrison, M. Harrison (SAM NN 29619 DNA). Paratypes: 2 females, same data as holotype except 13 May 2016, S. E. Harrison, N. Birks (SAM NN 28529, NN 28530).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554DFFDDE1E8FF66FD66FE3E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Females of B. bassi can be distinguished from all other species of Blakistonia by the fine, golden hairs that cover the carapace (Fig. 7 A, D). Males are unknown. All life stages of B. bassi can also be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data by the following nucleotide substitutions (n = 1 specimen): G (3), C (87), C (102), T (111), G (199), C (205), T (207), T (255), C (339), A (390), C (462), C (479), C (481), G (546), G (573), G (591); and by the following unique molecular motifs: TT (30 – 31), GAC (66 – 68), GCT (367 – 369), AAG (372 – 374), GG (432 – 433), TGC (456 – 458), TGGA (468 – 471).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554DFFDDE1E8FF66FD66FE3E.taxon	description	Description. Holotype female (SAM NN 29619): Medium-sized idiopid spider (total length 18.5). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 7 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp dark red-brown, darker around fovea and lateral margins of caput, with darkened line from fovea to eye group (Fig. 7 A); sternum, labium and maxillae uniformly golden-brown, chelicerae dark red-brown (Fig. 7 E, F); abdomen dark brown with indistinct mottled chevron pattern (Fig. 7 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 7.8 long, 7.2 wide, 6.3 high, 1.1 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 7 A), caput high, ocular area flat (Fig. 7 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput, and also two diagonally inward-facing indentations posteriorly; fovea procurved; two indistinct parallel rows of setae from fovea to eye group, less noticeabe both sideson both sides of caput; smaller fine setae also scattered across carapace, concentrated and form fringe around lateral margins; one long seta in fovea; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 7 D); carapace with fine cover of thin golden hairs (Fig. 7 A, D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.6 wide, 1.1 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved; PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.1; posterior eye row slightly recurved; AME about equal in size to ALE and separated by twice diameter of ALE / AME; ALE and PLE separated by just over ALE diameter; PME similar in size to ALE / AME and about half size of PLE, and separated from PLE by about its own diameter (Fig. 7 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 7 F). Sternum 5.0 long, 3.3 wide, evenly setose with setae becoming longer towards anterior margin. Maxillae with ca. 35 cuspules on both sides (Fig. 7 E, F). Legs: moderately setose and diffusely spinose; distinct upright setae on distal metatarsi I, II; femora I, II, and pedipalp laterally bowed; tarsi and metatarsi I, II and palpal tarsi scopulate (Fig. 7 G – I). Paired tarsal claws with 1 row of ventral teeth: leg I p 2 (1 large, 1 small) r 1 (1 large, 1 small); leg II p 2 (1 large, 1 small), r 2 (1 large, 2 small); right leg III p 2 (2 large), r 1 (1 large); right leg IV p 2 (1 large, 1 small), r 1 (1 large); median tarsal claw without teeth. Pedipalp claw with 1 large and 1 small tooth. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 3, r 4; metatarsus p 2, r 5; tarsus with patch of 5 short spines scattered over ventral surface (Fig. 7 G, H). Leg II: tibia p 4, r 4; metatarsus p 4, r 5; tarsus with patch of 3 short spines ventrally. Right leg III: patella p 3; tibia p 3, r 3; metatarsus p 12, r 8; tarsus with patch of 8 spines scattered ventrally. Right leg IV: metatarsus p 10, r 6; tarsus with ca. 20 short spines scattered ventrally. Palp: patella p 1, tibia p 8, r 6; tarsus p 1, r 1. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> II> I> III. Leg I: femur 4.3, patella 3.1, tibia 2.7, metatarsus 2.1, tarsus 1.7, total = 13.9. Leg II: femur 4.2, patella 3.1, tibia 2.6, metatarsus 1.9, total = 14.9. Leg IV (right): femur 5.5, patella 3.9, tibia 4.0, metatarsus 3.7, tarsus 2.2, total = 19.3. Pedipalp: femur 4, patella 2.2, tibia 2.1, tarsus 2.5, total = 10.8. Abdomen: Setose, oval, one pair of very small, faint, unsclerotised dorsal sigilla; 10.7 long, 7.3 wide (Fig. 7 A). Genitalia: Spermathecae paired, simple, unbranched, stout and outward facing, oval-shaped with lobe on anterior end, covered in opaque, mottled brown nodules (Fig. 7 I). Variation (n = 3): Carapace 7.8 – 9.0 long, 6.0 – 8.0 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 3 – 4, r 4; metatarsus p 2 – 3, r 3 – 5; tarsus with 3 – 6 spines ventrally. Leg II: tibia p 3 – 4, r 4; metatarsus p 4, r 4 – 5; tarsus with 3 – 4 spines ventrally. Leg III: patella p 2 – 3; tibia p 0 – 3; r 2 – 3; metatarsus p 6 – 13, r 6 – 8; tarsus with 8 – 13 spines ventrally. Leg IV: metatarsus p 8 – 12, r 3 – 6; tarsus with 10 – 20 spines ventrally. Pedipalp patella p 1 – 2; tibia p 7 – 8, r 4 – 6; tarsus p 1, r 1 – 2.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554DFFDDE1E8FF66FD66FE3E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Daniel Bass, for his unwavering support of this research.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554DFFDDE1E8FF66FD66FE3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia bassi is known from only a single roadside cutting at Ashton in the Mount Lofty Ranges, (Fig. 31). A number of active burrows were found in 2017; however, the species has not been found elsewhere in the Mount Lofty Range despite extensive historical collection, and was not discovered anywhere else as part of this project.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554DFFDDE1E8FF66FD66FE3E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The burrow (Fig. 2 D, E) is similar to that of Idiosoma in its thin, cryptic, flap-like nature, and certainly different to the D-shaped, plug-like burrow typical of B. aurea. All burrows found were adorned with moss and cryptic in appearance (Fig. 2 D, E).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554BFFDBE1E8FF66FAC8FF6A.taxon	description	(Fig. 8 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554BFFDBE1E8FF66FAC8FF6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype male, Johnson’s Bore, 29 ° 10 ’ 59 ” S, 136 ° 10 ’ 43 ” E, 6 – 7 October 1995, pitfall trap, D. E. L. M. Stony Deserts Survey (SAM NN 20063). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 male, Strangways Springs, 29 ° 28 ’ 58 ” S, 136 ° 35 ’ 49 ” E, 25 – 30 September 1995, pitfall trap, D. E. L. M. Stony Deserts Survey (SAM NN 20087).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554BFFDBE1E8FF66FAC8FF6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. bella can be distinguished from those of B. plata, B. birksi, B. newtoni, B. maryae, B. hortoni, B. parva, B. olea, B tariae, B. carnarvon, and B. raveni by the prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, each with raised cuticular bases and bearing multiple terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 8 G – I). Males of B. bella can be distinguished from those of B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli and B. aurea by the strongly patterned abdomen with a dark dorsal cardiac stripe (Fig. 8 A). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554BFFDBE1E8FF66FAC8FF6A.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 20063). Large idiopid spider (total length 15.4 mm). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 8 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp uniform pale golden orange-brown (Fig. 8 A); sternum very similar, darker towards anterior margins; labium and maxillae as sternum, chelicerae dark brown (Fig. 8 E, F); abdomen golden orange-brown with distinctive pattern of seven dark chevrons not extending down sides of abdomen (Fig. 8 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 7.4 long, 6.7 wide, 5.2 high, 1.1 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 8 A), caput low, ocular area flat (Fig. 8 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; thin, indistinct rows of fine setae radiating out from fovea, with thickest row between fovea and eye group, culminating in group of longer, thickened setae directly posterior to eye group; smaller fine setae also scattered across carapace, concentrated and forming fringe onlateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 8 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.2 wide, 1.2 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.1; posterior eye row straight; AME ca. half size of ALE and separated by about diameter of AME; ALE and PLE separated by ca. two diameters of ALE; PME similar in size to AME and about half size of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 8 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 8 F). Sternum 4.0 long, 3.2 wide, evenly setose; three pairs of sigilla, doubling in size from anterior to posterior, anterior two pairs separated from edge by their own diameter, posterior pair separated from margin by just over their own diameter (Fig. 8 E). Maxillae without cuspules (Fig. 8 E, F). Legs: moderately setose; tibiae I, II without spines, legs III and IV with few spines; setae on patellae of legs III and IV thickened and in rows, with no setae between rows; tarsi I, II slightly ventrally flattened; tarsi and distal metatarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 8 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 7 (7 large) r 5 (5 large); leg II p 5 (5 large), r 5 (5 large); leg III p 5 (5 large), r 5 (4 large, 1 small); leg IV p 4 (4 large), r 5 (5 large). Spination: Tibia I with prolateral bifid apophyses, distal-most apophysis with 2 teeth, proximal-most with 4 teeth (Fig. 8 G – I). Leg II without spines. Leg III: patella p 5; metatarsus p 3, r 5. Leg IV: patella p 5; metatarsus IV p 4, r 5. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs I> II> IV> III. Leg I: femur 7.9, patella 3.7, tibia 4.8, metatarsus 5.6, tarsus 2.9, total = 24.9. Leg II: femur 7.0, patella 3.5, tibia 4.7, metatarsus 4.8, tarsus 3.0, total = 23.0. Leg III: femur 5.7, patella 3.0, tibia 4.1, metatarsus 5.1, tarsus 3.0, total = 20.9. Leg IV (right): femur 5.7, patella 3.0, tibia 4.1, metatarsus 5.2, tarsus 3.0, total = 21.0. Pedipalp: femur 4.3, patella 2.2, tibia 3.7, tarsus 1.8, total = 12.0. Pedipalp: All segments without spines; patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short, swollen, RTA short, pointed, covered in short, dense spinules continuing almost to distal tibia, becoming sparser; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, slightly twisted with flanged tip, slightly longer than bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short spinules, becoming longer towards distal edge (Fig. 8 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 8.0 long, 5.5 wide (Fig. 8 A). Variation (n = 2): Carapace 7.4 – 6.1 long, 5.4 – 6.7 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: invariable.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554BFFDBE1E8FF66FAC8FF6A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin bellus (meaning ‘ beautiful’) and refers to the distinctively patterned abdomen.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554BFFDBE1E8FF66FAC8FF6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia bella is known only from inland South Australia, at Johnson’s Bore, south-west of Lake Eyre, and Strangways Springs, on Stuart Creek Station (Fig. 31).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411554BFFDBE1E8FF66FAC8FF6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Both specimens of this species were collected in pitfall traps during the ‘ Stony Deserts Biological Survey’, conducted between 1994 and 1997 (Brandle 1998). The male holotype was collected in a tree-lined drainage channel in October, unusually late in the year for male Blakistonia to be out searching for females.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115549FFE7E1E8FF66FA87FAA2.taxon	description	(Figs 9 A – L, 10 A – I)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115549FFE7E1E8FF66FA87FAA2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: holotype male, Ngarkat Conservation Park, 35 ° 37 ’ 00 ” S, 140 ° 46 ’ 00 ” E, July 2006, pitfall trap in heath on sand, L. Jansen (SAM NN 29003 DNA). Paratypes: 12 males, Ngarkat Conservation Park, 35 ° 37 ’ 00 ” S, 140 ° 46 ’ 00 ” E, July 2006, pitfall trap in heath on sand, L. Jansen (SAM NN 29642 – 53); 2 females, Cleland Conservation Park, 34 ° 58 ’ 32.178 ” S, 138 ° 42 ’ 40.799 ” E, 22 December 2014, hand collected from burrows in clay bank, S. and M. Harrison (SAM NN 29618 DNA). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 juvenile, Cleland Conservation Park, 34 ° 58 ’ 32.178 ” S, 138 ° 42 ’ 40.799 ” E, 22 December 2014, hand collected from burrows in clay bank, S. Harrison, M. Harrison (SAM NN 29617 DNA); 2 juveniles, Mark Oliphant Conservation Park, 35 ° 01 ’ 50.879 ” S, 138 ° 42 ’ 26.579 ” E, 20 August 2015, dug from mossy bank, S. E. Harrison, S. Stringer, A. Lewis (SAM NN 29635 and NN 29636); 2 females, same data except 25 August 2015, S. E. Harrison, N. Birks (SAM NN 29638 DNA and NN 29639). Victoria: 1 juvenile, Grampians National Park, Reid’s Lookout Road, 37 ° 08 ’ 49 ” S, 142 ° 26 ’ 48 ” E, 16 November 2013, hand collected from burrow in clay bank in sclerophyll forest, M. G. Rix, S. Harrison (WAM T 131984 DNA).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115549FFE7E1E8FF66FA87FAA2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. birksi can be distinguished from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I (Fig. 9 G – I); from those of B. parva, B. maryae, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the presence of one, rather than two, prolateral macroseta on tibia I (Fig. 9 G – I); from those of B. hortoni, B. maryae and B. newtoni by a subquadrate rather than square eye group (Fig. 9 D); and from those of B. plata by the presence of cuspules on the maxillae (Fig. 9 F) and a strong abdominal pattern (Fig. 9 A). Females of B. birksi can be distinguished from those of all other Blakistonia except B. bassi by abdominal chevrons that are almost black, and very dark brown between the chevrons (Fig. 10 A); and from those of B. bassi by the absence of light golden hairs on the carapace (Fig. 10 A). All life stages of B. birksi can also be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data except B. aurea by the following nucleotide substitution (n = 5 specimens): C (387); and from by B. aurea by the following unique nucleotide substitution: A (520).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115549FFE7E1E8FF66FA87FAA2.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 29003). Small idiopid spider (total length 8.0). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 9 A – C): Carapace uniform dark chocolate brown (Fig. 9 A); labium, maxillae sternum orange-brown, darker towards anterior and lateral margins; chelicerae dark brown (Fig. 9 E, F); abdomen dark chocolate brown, distinctive pattern of seven mottled chevrons, for full width of abdomen (Fig. 9 A, C); legs and pedipalp concolorous with sternum but darker dorsally (Fig. 9 G – L). Cephalothorax: Carapace 3.8 long, 3.6 wide, 2.8 high, 1.1 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 9 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 9 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; two thick setae posterior to eye area smaller, fine setae scattered very sparsely across carapace, concentrated and form fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 9 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.9 wide, 0.5 long, 0.3 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row straight; AME similar in size to ALE and separated by about AME diameter; ALE and PLE separated by about twice ALE diameter; PME about one-third of AME and about half of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 9 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 9 F). Sternum 2.7 long, 2.1 wide, evenly setose; three pairs of small sigilla (Fig. 9 E). Maxillae with 29 (left) and 38 (right) (Fig. 9 E, F). Legs: setose and diffusely spinose; tarsi I, II ventrally swollen; tarsi and distal metatarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 9 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 7 (6 large, 1 small), r 9 (8 large, 1 small); leg II p 7 (6 large 1 small), r 7 (6 large, 1 small); leg III p 6 (6 large), r 6 (6 large); leg IV p 8 (8 large), r 9 (6 large, 3 small). Spination: Leg I tibia with single prolateral macroseta (Fig. 9 G – I), r 2; metatarsus p 1, r 1. Leg II tibia p 1 r 1; metatarsus p 1 r 2; legs III and IV setose and diffusely spinose, with no clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 4.3, patella 2.0, tibia 3.2, metatarsus 2.7, tarsus 1.8, total = 14.0. Leg II: femur 4.1, patella 2.0, tibia 2.9, metatarsus 2.7, tarsus 2.0, total = 13.7. Leg III: femur 3.4, patella 1.5, tibia 2.2, metatarsus 2.7, tarsus 1.8, total = 11.6 Leg IV: femur 4.6, patella 2.1, tibia 3.8, metatarsus 4.0, tarsus 2.3, total = 16.8. Pedipalp: femur 2.3, patella 1.3, tibia 2.4, tarsus 1.2, total = 7.2. Pedipalp: All segments without spines; patella with thickened ventral setae distally; tibia short and swollen, RTA short and pointed, covered in long setae and short, dense spinules, forming a line about as wide as apophysis and covering about two-thirds of the distance to distal tibia, becoming sparser towards distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, slightly twisted at end and without flanged tip, about twice length of bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short, sparse spinules, becoming longer closer to distal edge (Fig. 9 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 4.2 long, 2.7 wide (Fig. 9 A). Variation (n = 13): Carapace 3.8 – 4.6 long, 3.1 – 3.6 wide, labial cuspules 0 – 5. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 0 – 2, r 1 – 2; metatarsus p 0 – 1, r 1 – 2. Leg II: tibia p 0 – 1, r 1 – 3; metatarsus p 0 – 1, r 1 – 4. Paratype female (SAM NN 29618). Medium-sized idiopid spider (total length 15.4). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 10 A – I): Legs, pedipalp and carapace dark golden-brown, slightly darker on both sides of caput and around margins (Fig. 10 A); sternum golden-brown, darker towards anterior and lateral margins; labium and maxillae golden-brown, chelicerae red-brown (Fig. 10 E, F); abdomen brown with distinct pattern of seven mottled chevrons (Fig. 10 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 7.0 long, 5.2 wide, 5.2 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 10 A); caput high, with ocular area raised (Fig. 10 C); cuticle uniformly smooth; fovea procurved; one row of thickened setae between fovea and eye group; small, fine setae also scattered very sparsely across carapace, slightly more concentrated on caput, and form fine, indistinct fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 10 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.2 wide, 0.8 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.1; posterior eye row slightly recurved; AME slightly smaller than ALE and separated by ca. 1.5 diameter of ALE; ALE and PLE separated by ca. twice diameter of ALE; PME pale, about 0.67 of PLE, and separated from PLE by just less than its own diameter (Fig. 10 D). Labium with ca. 11 cuspules (Fig. 10 F). Sternum 4.1 long, 2.8 wide, moderately setose with setae becoming denser and longer around margins; 2 pairs of faint sigilla evident (Fig. 10 E). Maxillae with 11 (left) and 15 (right) cuspules, (Fig. 5 E, F). Legs: moderately setose and diffusely spinose; femora I, II, and pedipalp laterally bowed; tarsi and distal twothirds of metatarsi I, II, and palpal tarsus scopulate ventrally and laterally (Fig. 10 G, H). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 2 (1 large, 1 small) r 0; leg II p 2 (1 large, 1 small), r 2 (1 large, 1 small); leg III p 0, r 0; right leg IV p 2 (2 large), r 0. Pedipalp claw with 2 large teeth. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 3, r 4; metatarsus p 2, r 5; tarsus p 1 r 3. Leg II: tibia p 2, r 4; metatarsus p 3, r 7; tarsus p 1, r 3. Leg III: patella p 3; tibia p 6, metatarsus p 7, r 6; tarsus with ventral patch of 9 short spines. Right leg IV: metatarsus p 2, r 1; tarsus with ventral 16 short spines ventrally. Pedipalp: tibia p 6, r 6; tarsus p 3, r 3. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I femur 3.7, patella 2.5, tibia 2.1, metatarsus 1.7, tarsus 1.3, total = 11.3. Leg II femur 3.3, patella 2.3, tibia 2.0, metatarsus 2.6, tarsus 1.3, total = 11.5. Leg III femur 2.9, patella 2.1, tibia 1.8, metatarsus 2.8, tarsus 1.6, total = 11.2. Leg IV (right): femur 4.1, patella 2.9, tibia 3.6, metatarsus 3.1, tarsus 2.0, total = 15.7. Pedipalp: femur 3.1, patella 1.29 tibia 1.8, tarsus 2.2, total = 9.1. Abdomen: Setose, oval, one pair of indistinct, unsclerotised dorsal sigilla; 8.4 long, 6.3 wide (Fig. 10 A). Genitalia: Spermathecae paired, simple, unbranched, stout and outward facing, oval-shaped, covered in opaque mottled brown nodules, becoming more concentrated in median band. Variation (n = 2) Carapace 6.9 – 7.0 long, 5.2 – 5.6 wide, 3 – 11 labial cuspules. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 3, r 4; metatarsus p 2 – 4, r 4; tarsus p 1, r 2 – 3. Leg II: tibia p 1 – 2, r 4; metatarsus p 3 – 4, r 5 – 7; tarsus p 2, r 3 – 5. Leg III: patella p 3, tibia p 0 – 1, metatarsus p 5 – 6, r 4 – 6; tarsus with 8 – 9 spines ventrally. Leg IV: metatarsus p 2 – 9, r 1 – 2. Pedipalp: tibia p 6, r 5 – 5; tarsus p 3 – 4, r 3 – 4.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115549FFE7E1E8FF66FA87FAA2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Nicholas Birks, for his generous efforts in collecting and photographing specimens for this project.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115549FFE7E1E8FF66FA87FAA2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia birksi is known from Ngarkat Conservation Park in south-eastern South Australia, Cleland Conservation Park and Mark Oliphant Conservation Park in the Mount Lofty Ranges, and the Grampians National Park in Victoria (Fig. 32).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115549FFE7E1E8FF66FA87FAA2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The sandy habitat of Ngarkat Conservation Park is unusual for the genus, as most species of Blakistonia generally prefer to build burrows in clay. This species is further unusual in that it exists in two locations in the Mount Lofty Ranges, which have historically been well collected; however, this species was not found in the SAM collection. This could potentially be due to the cryptic nature and small size of the burrow lids.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115576FFE5E1E8FA88FA1AFBCA.taxon	description	(Fig. 11 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115576FFE5E1E8FA88FA1AFBCA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Holotype male, Carnarvon Station, 24 ° 49 ’ 12.00 ” S, 147 ° 44 ’ 31.20 ” E, 24 November – 13 December 2010, malaise trap, A. Zwick (QMB S 96934).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115576FFE5E1E8FA88FA1AFBCA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. carnarvon can be distinguished from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I (Fig. 11 G – I); from those of B. hortoni, B. plata, B. birksi, and B. newtoni by the presence of two, rather than one, prolateral macrosetae on tibia I (Fig. 11 G – I); from those of B. parva and B. maryae by an eye group that is wider than long (Fig. 11 D); from those of B. olea and B. tariae by the combined presence of a distinctive ring of dark colour around the edge of the carapace (Fig. 11 A) and the AME with a similar or smaller diameter to the ALE (Fig. 11 D); and from those of B. raveni by an embolus that narrows and tapers before the midpoint (Fig. 11 J – L). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115576FFE5E1E8FA88FA1AFBCA.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (QMB S 96934). Small idiopid spider (total length 9.2). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 11 A – C): Legs, pedipalp and carapace medium chestnut-brown, distinctly darker around lateral margins (Fig. 11 A); labium, maxillae and sternum lighter medium brown, paler towards margins; chelicerae slightly darker (Fig. 11 E, F); abdomen greyish-brown with distinct pattern of seven dark brown chevrons (Fig. 11 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 4.7 long, 4.2 wide, 3.4 high, 1.1 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 11 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 11 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; row of setae between fovea and eye group, and radiating outwards from fovea, with two distinctive patches of short, fine setae on sides of caput, carapace setae concentrated and form fringe on lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 11 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.3 wide, 2.2 long, 0.3 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 0.9; posterior eye row slightly recurved; AME slightly smaller than ALE and separated by less than AME; PLE about one-third the size of ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; PME pale, about two-thirds of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 11 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 11 F). Sternum 2.2 long, 3.3 wide, evenly setose. Maxillae without cuspules (Fig. 11 E, F). Legs: diffusely setose and spinose; tarsi I, II slightly ventrally swollen; tarsi and distal metatarsi I, II scopulate (Fig. 11 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 5 (5 large) r 5 (5 large); leg II p 4 (4 large), r 6 (5 large, 1 small); leg III p 3 (3 large), r 2 (2 large); leg IV p 5 (2 large, 3 small, r 3 2 large, 3 small). Spination: Tibia I with two prolateral macrosetae (Fig. 11 G – I). All legs diffusely setose and spinose, with no clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 5.2, patella 2.4, tibia 4.1, metatarsus 5.3, tarsus 2.2, total = 19.2. Leg II: femur 5.0, patella 2.4, tibia 3.6, metatarsus 3.2, tarsus 2.2, total = 16.4. Leg III: femur 4.1, patella 1.9, tibia 3.0, metatarsus 3.7, tarsus 2.3, total = 15.0. Leg IV: femur 5.5, patella 2.3, tibia 4.8, metatarsus 5.1, tarsus 2.9, total = 20.6. Pedipalp: femur 2.8, patella 1.5, tibia 2.5, tarsus 1.2, total = 8.0. Pedipalp: Femur with dorsal spines, patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA short and pointed, covered in short, dense spinules for ca. half of distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming more sparse toward distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, tip slightly twisted, just over length of bulb; cymbium with rows of spnules, becoming longer and denser distally (Fig. 11 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 4.5 long, 3.2 wide (Fig. 11 A). Variation: None.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115576FFE5E1E8FA88FA1AFBCA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition that refers to the type locality at Carnarvon Station Reserve, Queensland.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115576FFE5E1E8FA88FA1AFBCA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is known only from Carnarvon Station, in central Queensland (Fig. 34).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115576FFE5E1E8FA88FA1AFBCA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimen was caught in a Malaise trap in brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) woodland on a grassy hillside at Carnarvon Station Reserve, which is one of the largest remnants of native vegetation in inland Queensland.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115574FFE3E1E8FB50FA05FCAA.taxon	description	(Fig. 12 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115574FFE3E1E8FB50FA05FCAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Holotype male, Noonbah Station, north of Jundah, 24 ° 07 ’ S, 143 ° 11 ’ E, 28 August 1993, hand collected, A. J. Emmott (QMB S 29540).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115574FFE3E1E8FB50FA05FCAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. emmottorum can be distinguished from those of B. maryae, B. plata, B birksi, B. newtoni, B. hortoni, B. parva, B. maryae, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, each with raised cuticular bases and bearing multiple terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 12 G – I); and from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the subquadrate (wider than long) eye group (Fig. 12 D). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115574FFE3E1E8FB50FA05FCAA.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (QMB S 29540). Small idiopid spider (total length 6.0). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 12 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp very pale yellow-brown, darker around caput (Fig. 12 A); sternum, labium and maxillae lighter golden yellow; chelicerae slightly darker yellow-brown (Fig. 12 E, F); abdomen even paler yellowish brown with faint chevron pattern posteriorly (Fig. 12 A, C.) Cephalothorax: Carapace 3.2 long, 2.5 wide, 2.0 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 12 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 12 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea slightly procurved; row of setae between fovea and eye group; carapace sparsely setose, with indistinct lines of setae radiating outwards from fovea, concentrated and form fringe on lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 12 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.7 wide, 0.4 long, 0.3 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 0.9; posterior eye row straight; AME about two-thirds of ALE and separated by less than AME diameter; PLE twothirds size of ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; PME pale, just over half size of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 12 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 12 F). Sternum 2.0 long, 1.3 wide, evenly setose. Maxillae with ca. 6 cuspules on both sides (Fig. 12 E, F). Legs: diffusely setose; tarsi I, II ventrally swollen; tarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 12 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 4 (2 large, 2 small) r 4 (2 large, 2 small); leg II p 5 (2 large, 3 small), r 4 (2 large, 2 small); leg III p 4 (3 large, 1 small), r 4 (2 large, 2 small); leg IV p 8 (7 large, 1 small, r 4 (2 large, 2 small). Spination: Tibia I with prolateral clasping spurs, distal-most spur with 2 terminal peg-like macrosetae, proximal-most with 3 terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 12 G – I). Leg II: metatarsus p 1, r 5. Leg III: tibia p 1, r 1; metatarsus p 4, r 10; tarsus p 1, r 1. Leg IV: metatarsus p 11, r 7; tarsus p 3, r 4. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> II> I> III. Leg I: femur 3.3, patella 1.5, tibia 2.5, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 1.5, total = 11.0. Leg II: femur 3.0, patella 1.0, tibia 2.2, metatarsus 3.0, tarsus 1.1, total = 10.3. Leg III: femur 2.3, patella 1.0, tibia 2.0, metatarsus 2.3, tarsus 1.4, total = 9.0. Leg IV (right): femur 3.8, patella 1.4, tibia 3.4, metatarsus 3.6, tarsus 1.9, total = 14.1. Pedipalp: femur 1.7, patella 1.0, tibia 1.6, tarsus 0.8, total = 5.1. Pedipalp: Femur with thickened dorsal setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA short, stout, pointed, covered in short, dense spinules that continue for ca. half distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming more sparse toward distal tibia; long, erect setae ventrally on tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, twisted, slightly longer than bulb; cymbium with sparse rows of short spinules, becoming longer and denser distally (Fig. 12 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 3.0 long, 2.0 wide (Fig. 12 A). Variation: None.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115574FFE3E1E8FB50FA05FCAA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Angus and Karen Emmott, the owners of Noonbah Station and the collectors of the only known specimen of this species.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115574FFE3E1E8FB50FA05FCAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia emmottorum is known only from Noonbah Station in central Queensland (Fig. 34).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115574FFE3E1E8FB50FA05FCAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimen was found in a passage between houses at Noonbah Station, in August during rain.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115572FFE1E1E8FC7DFB6AFC12.taxon	description	(Fig. 13 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115572FFE1E1E8FC7DFB6AFC12.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype male, Weetootla Well, Flinders Ranges, 30 ° 30 ’ 00 ” S, 139 ° 15 ’ 00 ” E, 9 May 1989, pitfall trap, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20097). Paratypes: 1 male, same data (SAM NN 20098); 1 male, same data except 30 ° 29 ’ 00 ” S, 139 ° 13 ’ 00 ” E, 8 May 1989.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115572FFE1E1E8FC7DFB6AFC12.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. gemmelli can be distinguished from those of B. maryae, B. plata, B. birksi, B. newtoni, B. hortoni, B. parva, B. maryae, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, each with raised cuticular bases and bearing multiple terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 13 G – I); from those of B. bella by the lack of a dorsal abdominal cardiac stripe (Fig 13 A); from those of B. pidax by the thick spine-like spinules on the cymbium (Fig. 13 J – L); from those of B. tunstilli by the spinules on the palpal tibia being similar in size or only slightly shorter compared to those on the RTA (Fig. 13 J, L); from those of B. emmottorum by the square eye group (Fig. 13 D); and from those of B. aurea by the short and stout RTA, with the field of RTA spinules extending only slightly onto the tibia (Fig. 13 J), and by the strong abdominal pattern (Fig 13 A). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115572FFE1E1E8FC7DFB6AFC12.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 20097). Small idiopid spider (total length 7.8). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 13 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp uniform pale golden orange-brown (Fig. 13 A); sternum, labium and maxillae very similar; chelicerae darker golden-brown (Fig. 13 E, F); abdomen same golden orange-brown with pattern of seven mottled chevrons; first chevron large and triangular second chevron about half width of first, remaining five chevrons split in centre, not continuous (Fig. 13 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 3.6 long, 2.9 wide, 2.5 high, 1.2 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 13 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 13 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; row of sparse setae between fovea and eye group; carapace otherwise with few smaller fine setae, concentrated and form fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 13 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.1 wide, 0.7 long, 0.4 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 0.9; posterior eye row slightly procurved; AME only slightly smaller than ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; ALE and PLE separated by about twice PLE diameter; PME pale, less than half of AME and only slightly smaller than PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig 13 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 13 F). Sternum 1.9 long, 1.7 wide, evenly setose (Fig. 13 E). Maxillae with 6 (left) and 4 (right) cuspules (Fig. 13 E, F). Legs: setose and spinose; tarsi I, II ventrally swollen; tarsi and distal metatarsi I, II weakly scopulate only ventrally (Fig. 13 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 5 (2 large, 3 small) r 5 (3 large, 2 small); leg II p 2 (2 large), r 2 (2 large); leg III p 4 (2 large, 2 small), r 5 (1 large, 4 small); leg IV p 3 (3 large), r 4 (3 large, 1 small). Spination: Tibia I with prolateral clasping spurs, both spurs with 2 terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 13 G – I), r 2; metatarsus p 1. Leg II: tibia p 1, r 4; metatarsus p 1, r 5. Leg III: (right) patella r 3; tibia p 3, r 1; metatarsus p 7, r 7; tarsus p 4. Leg IV: tibia p 3, r 4; metatarsus p 4, r 6; tarsus p 4, r 6. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> II> I> III. Leg I: femur 3.1, patella 1.5, tibia 2.3, metatarsus 2.0, tarsus 1.5, total = 10.4. Leg II: femur 3.3, patella 1.6, tibia 2.4, metatarsus 2.1, tarsus 1.5, total = 10.9. Leg III: femur 2.8, patella 1.2, tibia 2.0, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 1.6, total = 9.8. Leg IV (right): femur 3.6, patella 1.6, tibia 3.5, metatarsus 3.2, tarsus 2.0, total = 13.9. Pedipalp: femur 1.9, patella 0.7, tibia 1.7, tarsus 0.9, total = 5.2. Pedipalp: Patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short, swollen, RTA very short, pointed, with several setae and covered in short, dense spinules from just over half of the distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming very sparse towards dstal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, tip slightly twisted, only slightly longer than length of bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short spinules, becoming longer closer to distal edge (Fig. 13 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 4.2 long, 2.9 wide (Fig. 13 A). Variation (n = 3): Carapace 3.1 – 3.6 long, 2.8 – 2.9 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: Leg I: tibia r 2 – 5; metatarsus p 0 – 1, r 0 – 3. Leg II: tibia p 1 – 2, r 3 – 4; metatarsus p 1 – 2, r 3 – 5; tarsus r 0 – 1. Leg III: patella p 3; tibia p 1 – 3, r 2 – 3; metatarsus p 3 – 8, r 6 – 8; tarsus p 2 – 4, r 0 – 3. Leg IV: tibia p 0 – 3, r 0 – 4; metatarsus p 4 – 11, r 3 – 6; tarsus p 3 – 8, r 2 – 6.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115572FFE1E1E8FC7DFB6AFC12.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Mike Gemmell, for his long-term interest in trapdoor spiders.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115572FFE1E1E8FC7DFB6AFC12.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia gemmelli is known only from Weetootla Well, in the Flinders Ranges (Fig. 31).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115572FFE1E1E8FC7DFB6AFC12.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One specimen of B. aurea has also been found at Weetootla Well (SAM NN 20096).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115570FFEFE1E8FC38FD07FC37.taxon	description	(Fig. 14 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115570FFEFE1E8FC38FD07FC37.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype male, Mount Crawford Forest Reserve, Mount Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 42 ’ S, 138 ° 58 ’ E, 27 May – 9 September 1988, pitfall, R. Tuckwell (SAM NN 20090). Paratypes: 8 males, same data (SAM NN 20089, NN 20091, NN 20092, NN 20095, NN 20100, NN 20101, NN 20102, NN 20103). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 male, Padthaway Conservation Park, 36 ° 36 ’ S, 140 ° 31 ’ E, May 1982, pitfall, B. Guerin (SAM NN 20076).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115570FFEFE1E8FC38FD07FC37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. hortoni can be distinguished from B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I (Fig. 14 G – I); from B. parva, B. maryae, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the presence of one, rather than two, prolateral macroseta on tibia I (Fig. 14 G – I); from those of B. birksi and B. plata by the square eye group (Fig. 14 D); and from those of B. newtoni and B. maryae by the field of spinules on the palpal tibia being broad and not in a rounded crescentshape (Fig. 14 J). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115570FFEFE1E8FC38FD07FC37.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 20090). Medium idiopid spider (total length 10.0). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 14 A – C): Carapace uniform pale golden orange-brown (Fig. 14 A); sternum, labium and maxillae very similar, chelicerae slightly darker red-brown (Fig. 14 E, F); abdomen same golden orange-brown with pattern of seven mottled chevrons, dark, with darker mottling also between chevrons (Fig. 14 A, C); legs and pedipalp same colour as cephalothorax (Fig. 14 G – L). Cephalothorax: Carapace 4.9 long, 3.9 wide, 3.3 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 14 A), caput moderately raised, ocular area raised (Fig. 14 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; row of thick setae between fovea and eye group; carapace quite setose, with smaller fine setae distributed evenly across carapace, concentrated and forming fringe around lateral margins; clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 14 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.9 wide, 0.8 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – APLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row slightly procurved; AME approximately half the size of ALE and separated by about the diameter of AME; ALE and PLE separated by about twice the diameter of PLE; PME pale, similar in size to AME and about two-thirds size of PLE, and separated from PLE by about its own diameter (Fig. 14 D). Labium with 5 cuspules (Fig. 14 F). Sternum 2.8 long, 2.1 wide, evenly setose (Fig. 14 E). Maxillae with ca. 20 cuspules on both sides (Fig. 14 E, F). Legs: setose and spinose; tarsi I, II ventrally swollen; tarsi and distal metatarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 14 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 7 (7 large) r 6 (6 large); leg II p 6 (6 large), r 6 (6 large); leg III p 6 (2 large, 4 small), r 4 (1 large, 3 small); leg IV p 5 (2 large, 3 small), r 5 (2 large, 3 small). Spination: Tibia I with single prolateral macroseta (Fig. 14 G – I). All other legs heavily setose and spinose, with no clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 4.6, patella 2.3, tibia 3.3, metatarsus 3.3, tarsus 2.1, total = 15.6. Leg II: femur 4.4, patella 2.0, tibia 3.2, metatarsus 3.4, tarsus 2.1, total = 15.1. Leg III: femur 3.6, patella 1.8, tibia 2.6, metatarsus 3.2, tarsus 2.2, total = 13.4. Leg IV: femur 4.4, patella 2.2, tibia 4.5, metatarsus 4.4, tarsus 2.6, total = 18.1. Pedipalp: femur 2.7, patella 1.3, tibia 2.5, tarsus 1.1, total = 7.6. Pedipalp: Patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA short, pointed, with thick clump of setae on tip, and covered in short, dense spinules for two-thirds distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming only slightly sparser towards distal dibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, tip slightly twisted, just under twice the length of bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short spinules, becoming longer closer to distal edge (Fig. 14 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 5.1 long, 3.2 wide (Fig. 14 A). Variation (n = 10): Carapace 3.0 – 5.0 long, 3.0 – 3.3 wide, 5 labial cuspules.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115570FFEFE1E8FC38FD07FC37.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Benjamin Horton, for his commitment to wildlife education and conservation, and for his efforts in saving the lives of countless animals during the Sampson Flat bushfires of 2015.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115570FFEFE1E8FC38FD07FC37.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia hortoni is known only from Mount Crawford Conservation Park and Padthaway Conservation Park in the Mount Lofty Ranges (Fig. 31).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115570FFEFE1E8FC38FD07FC37.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Further specimens of this species, including females, could not be located at the type locality by one of the authors (SEH). Mount Crawford is now mostly covered in plantation forests and is quite sandy, which is an unusual habitat for Blakistonia. Blakistonia aurea is also found in roadside banks just outside the forest reserve, but has not been found within the reserve itself.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557EFFEAE1E8FC06FDA9FC5A.taxon	description	(Figs 15 A – I, 16 A – F)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557EFFEAE1E8FC06FDA9FC5A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Holotype female, Mount Ragged, Cape Arid National Park, 33 ° 26 ’ 47 ” S, 123 ° 28 ’ 15 ” E, 27 August 2014, hand collected from burrows, S. E. Harrison, M. S. Harvey (WAM T 141137 DNA). Paratypes: 1 female, same data except 33 ° 26 ’ 43 ” S, 123 ° 28 ’ 07 ” E (WAM T 141136 DNA); 1 female, same data except 33 ° 26 ’ 44 ” S, 123 ° 28 ’ 08 ” E (WAM T 141138 DNA). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 male (in fragments), Mount Ragged, Cape Arid National Park, 33 ° 27 ’ S, 123 ° 28 ’ E, 2 November 1986, hand collected from redback spider web, B. Main (WAM T 141143).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557EFFEAE1E8FC06FDA9FC5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. mainae can be distinguished from those of B. maryae, B. plata, B birksi, B. newtoni, B. hortoni, B. parva, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni, by the prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, each with raised cuticular bases and bearing multiple terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 16 B – C); and from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the presence of four thick, evenly spaced setae between the eye group and the fovea (16 A). Females of B. mainae can be distinguished from those of other species by the book lungs being brown or dark brown, in contrast to the paler abdomen (Fig. 15 C), and also by the presence of four thick, evenly spaced setae between the eye group and fovea (Fig. 15 A, D). All life stages of B. mainae can also be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data by the following nucleotide substitutions (n = 3 specimens): G (132), A (216), C (300), A (453), A (482), T (507); and by the following unique motifs: TG (42 – 43), TA (66 – 67), AT (90 – 91).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557EFFEAE1E8FC06FDA9FC5A.taxon	description	Description. Holotype female (WAM T 141137) Medium-sized idiopid spider (total length 14.6). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 15 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp medium to dark golden-brown, carapace slightly darker around fovea (Fig. 15 A); sternum medium golden-brown, darker towards anterior and lateral margins; labium and maxillae golden-brown, chelicerae dark brown (Fig. 15 E, F); abdomen grey-brown with 7 chevrons of uniform width spaced over length of abdomen, becoming more closely spaced towards posterior abdomen; anterior-most chevrons connected by medial patch (Fig. 15 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 6.7 long, 4.9 wide, 5.5 high, 1.1 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 15 A), caput high, ocular area very slightly raised (Fig. 15 C); cuticle uniformly smooth; fovea procurved; four prominent, evenly spaced setae located between fovea and eye area, cluster of setae directly posterior to eye areas, and very small, fine setae also scattered across carapace, forming indistinct fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus. Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.1 wide, 1 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row straight; AME ca. half size of ALE and separated by about diameter of ALE; ALE equal in size to PLE, and separated by their diameter; PME pale, ca. 0.25 of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 15 D). Labium with two cuspules (Fig. 15 F). Sternum 4.1 long, 2.9 wide, moderately setose with setae becoming denser and longer around margins; one pair of sigilla located ca. halfway down abdomen, and separated from lateral margins of abdomen by about their own diameter (Fig. 15 E). Maxillae with ca. 30 cuspules on both sides (Fig. 15 E, F). Legs: moderately setose and spinose, with exception of retrolateral leg IV, which is mostly asetose; distinct erect setae on metatarsi and distal tibiae I, II; femora I, II, and pedipalp laterally bowed; tarsi and metatarsi I, II, and palpal tarsus heavily scopulate (Fig. 15 G, H). Paired tarsal claws: p 2 (2 large) r 3 (1 large, 2 small); leg II p 3 (2 large, 1 small), r 2 (1 large, 1 small); right leg III p 2 (2 large), r 2 (1 large, 1 small); leg IV p 2 (2 large) r 3 (3 large); median claw without teeth. Pedipalp with 2 (1 large, 1 small) teeth. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 4, r 3; metatarsus p 4, r 4; tarsus r 2. Leg II: tibia p 2, r 3; metatarsus p 4, r 7; tarsus p 1, r 5. Right leg III: patella p 3, metatarsus p 5, r 4; tarsus with 7 short spines ventrally. Leg IV: metatarsus p 4, r 1, tarsus with 7 short spines ventrally. Pedipalp: tibia p 7, r 6; tarsus p 3, r 3. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 3.7, patella 2.8, tibia 2.4, metatarsus 1.6, tarsus 1.3, total = 11.8. Leg II: femur 3.7, patella 2.5, tibia 2.2, metatarsus 1.7, tarsus 1.3, total = 11.4. Leg III: femur 3.1, patella 2.4, tibia 2.1, metatarsus 1.9, tarsus 1.4, total = 10.9. Leg IV (right): femur 4.2, patella 3.4, tibia 3.8, metatarsus 3.5, tarsus 1.8, total = 16.7. Pedipalp: femur 3.7, patella 2.2, tibia 2.3, tarsus 2.3, total = 10.4. Abdomen: Setose, oval, one pair of unsclerotised dorsal sigilla evident; book lungs dark brownish-grey, distinctly darker than lateral abdomen; 8.2 long, 5.9 wide (Fig. 15 A). Genitalia: Spermathecae paired, simple, unbranched, stout and outward facing, circular, covered in opaque mottled brown nodules, becoming more concentrated towards distal spermathecae (Fig. 15 I). Variation (n = 3): Carapace 6.4 – 7.1 long, carapace 5.4 – 5.9 wide, 2 – 4 labial cuspules. Spination: leg I tibia p 4, r 3 – 4; metatarsus p 4, r 4 – 5; tarsus p 0 – 1, r 2 – 4. Leg II tibia p 2, r 2 – 3; metatarsus p 3 – 4, r 6 – 7; tarsus p 1, r 5 – 7. Leg III patella p 3; metatarsus p 3 – 5, r 3 – 5; tarsus with 5 – 8 short spines ventrally. Leg IV metatarsus p 4 – 6, r 1; tarsus with 7 – 12 short spines ventrally. Pedipalp: tibia p 7 – 9, tarsus r 3 – 6. Male (WAM T 141143). Total size unknown. Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 16 A – F): Carapace, legs and pedipalp uniform pale golden orange-brown. Cephalothorax: Carapace 5.8 long, 4.3 wide, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 16 A), caput low, ocular area slightly raised; cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; four prominent setae located between fovea and eye area, cluster of setae also directly posterior to eye areas, and very small, fine setae also scattered across carapace, forming indistinct fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 16 A). Eye group 0.8 wide, 1.0 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row slightly procurved; AME similar in size to ALE and separated by less than the diameter of AME; ALE and PLE separated by just over the diameter of PLE; PME oval, 0.75 of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 16 A). Spination: Tibia I with prolateral clasping spurs, both spurs with 2 terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 16 B, C). Pedipalp: Tibia short, swollen, RTA short and pointed, with thick clump of setae on tip, and covered in short, dense spinules almost to distal tibia, becoming sparser; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, twisted, and just under twice the length of bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short spinules, becoming longer distally (Fig. 16 D – F). Variation: None.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557EFFEAE1E8FC06FDA9FC5A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Dr Barbara York Main, for first collecting Blakistonia specimens from Mount Ragged in 1986, and for her lifelong commitment to improving our knowledge of Australian trapdoor spiders.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557EFFEAE1E8FC06FDA9FC5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia mainae is known only from Mount Ragged, Cape Arid National Park, Western Australia (Fig. 33).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557EFFEAE1E8FC06FDA9FC5A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The burrows of B. mainae are round with a narrow hinge, and slightly indented (Fig. 2 G). The male specimen on which this description was based was collected dead from a Latrodectus web and is incomplete. The female description is based on a complete specimen (WAM T 141137) and also has molecular data available thus it has been designated as the holotype.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557BFFF6E1E8FBEDFB6AFD5F.taxon	description	(Fig. 17 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557BFFF6E1E8FBEDFB6AFD5F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype male, South Middleback Ranges, 33 ° 14 ’ S, 137 ° 07 ’ E, 6 June 1984, pitfall trap, B. Guerin (SAM NN 20077). Paratype: 1 male, South Middleback Ranges, 33 ° 14 ’ S, 137 ° 07 ’ E, 6 June 1984, pitfall trap, B. Guerin (SAM NN 20075). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 female, Scrubby Peak, Gawler Ranges, 33 ° 03 ’ 23 ” S, 136 ° 19 ’ 40 ° 0 ” E, 17 – 26 September 2007, dug up, SEG / DEH Survey 587 (SAM NN 26663 DNA); 1 female, Kolay Hut, Gawler Ranges, 32 ° 33 ’ 24 ” S, 135 ° 35 ’ 20 ” E, 11 November 2013, dug up from bank, M. Rix, S. E. Harrison (SAM NN 29604 DNA); 1 female, Tumby Bay, Eyre Peninsula, 34 ° 22 ’ 27 ” S, 136 ° 05 ’ 18 ” E, 1 May 2013, dug from grassy verge, S. E. Harrison, M. Harrison (SAM NN 29565 DNA); 1 juvenile, same data (NN 29566 DNA); 1 male, same data except 5 June 1984 (SAM NN 20071); 3 males, Kimba, Eyre Peninsula, 32 ° 29 ’ 40.9 ” S, 135 ° 21 ’ 52.0 ” E, 25 – 28 November, from pitfall trap, Eyre Peninsula Survey (SAM NN 26633 – 5).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557BFFF6E1E8FBEDFB6AFD5F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. maryae can be distinguished from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli and B. aurea by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I (Fig. 17 G – I); from those of B. plata, B. parva, B. birksi, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon, and B. raveni by the square eye group (Fig. 17 D); and from those of B. newtoni and B. hortoni by the field of spinules on the palpal tibia being relatively narrow and not in a rounded crescent shape (Fig. 17 J, L). Females of B. maryae can be distinguished from those of B. wingellina and B. nullarborensis by having a square or slightly subquadrate eye group (Fig. 18 D); from those of B. bassi and B. mainae by the combined absence of fine golden hairs on the carapace (Fig. 18 A) and the absence of dark brown on the book lungs (in contrast to a paler abdomen) (Fig. 18 C); from those of B. birksi by abdominal chevrons being dark golden-brown, with abdomen golden-brown between chevrons (as opposed to chevrons that are dark brown to almost black, with abdomen dark brown between chevrons (Fig. 18 A); and from those of B. aurea by the absence of cuspules on the labium (Fig. 18 F). All life stages of B. maryae can also be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data by the following nucleotide substitutions (n = 4 specimens): C (276), G (354); and by the following unique motifs: GAA (482 – 484).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557BFFF6E1E8FBEDFB6AFD5F.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 20077). Small idiopid spider (total length 9.4). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 17 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp pale golden orange-brown, with darker lines on caput, radiating backwards from fovea, and around edges of carapace (Fig. 17 A, G – L); sternum, labium and maxillae very similar colour; chelicerae darker red-brown (Fig. 17 E, F); abdomen orange golden-brown with pattern of ca. seven mottled, indistinct chevrons, all divided (Fig. 17 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 4.8 long, 3.7 wide, 3.2 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 17 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 17 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; carapace very sparsely setose, concentrated and forming fringe around edge of carapace; line of setae between fovea and eye group absent, however, few setae on lateral sides of eye area; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 17 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.7 wide, 0.7 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.1; posterior eye row straight to very slightly procurved; AME only slightly smaller than ALE and separated by about the diameter of AME; ALE and PLE separated by about twice the diameter of ALE; PME pale, less than half size of AME and about half size of PLE, and separated from PLE by just less than its own diameter (Fig. 17 D). Labium with five cuspules near anterior margin (Fig. 17 F). Sternum 2.5 long, 2.1 wide, evenly setose (Fig. 17 E). Maxillae with 12 (left) and 21 (right) cuspules (Fig. 17 E, F). Legs: setose and diffusely spinose; tarsi I, II ventrally flattened; metatarsi and distal tarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 17 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 6 (6 large) r 6 (6 large); leg II p 8 (3 large, 5 small), r 8 (3 large, 5 small); leg III p 7 (3 large, 4 small), r 5 (3 large, 2 small); leg IV p 9 (9 large), r 7 (3 large, 4 small). Spination: Tibia I with single prolateral macroseta (Fig. 17 G – I). All legs without clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 4.5, patella 2.1, tibia 3.4, metatarsus 3.1, tarsus 1.6, total = 15.3. Leg II: femur 4.4, patella 2.0, tibia 3.3, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 2.1, total = 14.0. Leg III: femur 3.1, patella 1.6, tibia 2.6, metatarsus 3.2, tarsus 2.3, total = 12.3. Leg IV (right): femur 4.7, patella 2.6, tibia 4.5, metatarsus 4.5, tarsus 2.6, total = 18.4. Pedipalp: femur 2.5, patella 1.2, tibia 2.2, tarsus 1.2, total = 7.2. Pedipalp: Femur dorsally spinose; patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA very short, pointed, with clump of setae and covered in short, dense spinules and for just over half of distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming more sparse towards distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, tip slightly twisted, only slightly longer than bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short spinules, becoming longer closer to distal edge (Fig. 17 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 4.6 long, 2.7 wide (Fig. 17 A). Variation (n = 6): Carapace 3.0 – 4.8 long, 2.5 – 2.7 wide, 5 - 6 labial cuspules. Female (SAM NN 29565). Medium-sized idiopid spider (total length 18.5). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 18 A – C): Carapace medium golden-brown, slightly darker around fovea and lateral margins of caput; sternum lighter golden-brown, darker towards anterior and lateral margins; labium and maxillae same golden-brown as margins of sternum, chelicerae dark brown (Fig. 18 E, F); abdomen grey-brown with 6 mottled chevrons of uniform width spaced over length of abdomen, anterior-most chevron divided by pale medial patch (Fig. 18 A, C); legs and pedipalps medium golden-brown (Fig. 18 G, H). Cephalothorax: Carapace 8.2 long, 6.3 wide, 5.9 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 18 A); caput moderately raised, ocular area very slightly raised (Fig. 18 C); cuticle uniformly smooth; fovea procurved; two parallel rows of large setae from fovea to eye group, with smaller setae located laterally to these rows; smaller fine setae also scattered across carapace, concentrated and forming fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 18 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.4 wide, 0.9 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row straight; AME ca. two-thirds the size of ALE and separated by less than diameter of AME; ALE and PLE separated by about diameter of AME; PLE and PME contiguous, oval (Fig. 18 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 18 F). Sternum 4.3 long, 3.5 wide, moderately setose with setae becoming denser and longer around margins; 3 pairs of sigilla, anterior-most pair at lateral margins, middle pair at half length, posterior pair slightly less than twice their width from edge (Fig. 18 E). Maxillae with 22 (left) and 32 (right) cuspules (Fig. 18 E, F). Legs: moderately setose and diffusely spinose, leg III more heavily setose; distinct upright setae on metatarsi and of tibiae I, II; femora I, II, and pedipalp laterally bowed; tarsi and metatarsi I, II, and palpal tarsus heavily scopulate (Fig. 18 G, H). Paired tarsal claws: p 1 (1 large) r 2 (2 large); leg II p 3 (2 large, 1 small), r 1 (large); right leg III r 2 (1 large, 1 small), r 2 (2 small); right leg IV p 0, r 4 (1 large, 4 small). Pedipalp claw with 2 large teeth. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 1, r 5; metatarsus p 4, r 7; tarsus p 3, r 8. Leg II: tibia p 4, r 5; metatarsus II p 4, r 5; tarsus II p 2, r 4. Right leg III: patella p 7; metatarsus III p 6, r 10; tarsus with 11 short spines ventrally. Right leg tibia IV: p 8, r 3; tarsus with ca. 23 short spines ventrally. Pedipalp: tibia p 8, r 5; tarsus p 3, r 3. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> II> I> III. Leg I: femur 3.7, patella 2.7, tibia 2.4, metatarsus 2.0, tarsus 1.7, total = 12.5. Leg II: femur 4.2, patella 2.9, tibia 2.7, metatarsus 2.0, tarsus 1.8, total = 13.6. Leg III (right): femur 3.4, patella 2.5, tibia 2.1, metatarsus 1.5, tarsus 1.5, total = 11.8. Leg IV (right): femur 5.2, patella 3.7, tibia 4.6, metatarsus 3.8, tarsus 4.1, total = 21.4. Pedipalp: femur 3.6, patella 2.3, tibia 2.2, tarsus 2.8, total = 10.9. Abdomen: Setose, oval, three pairs of non-sclerotised, irregular dorsal sigilla on anterior three chevrons; 10.3 long, 6.8 wide (Fig. 18 A). Genitalia: Spermathecae paired, simple, unbranched, stout and outward facing, with lobe of epigyne ca. same width as stalk, covered in opaque mottled brown nodules, becoming more concentrated towards distal spermathecae (Fig. 18 I). Variation (n = 3): Carapace 6.7 – 10.3 long, 6.2 – 7.7 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 1 – 3, r 4 – 6; metatarsus r 3 – 4, r 5 – 7; tarsus p 2 – 3, r 3 – 8. Leg II: tibia p 1 – 4, r 5 – 7: metatarsus p 4 r 5 – 7; tarsus p 2 – 3, tarsus r 4 – 11. Leg III: patella p 5 – 7, tibia p 0 – 2, r 0 – 1; tarsus with 11 – 17 short spines ventrally. Leg IV: tibia p 0 – 1, r 0 – 1; metatarsus p 6 – 11, r 2 – 4; tarsus with 20 – 28 spines ventrally. Pedipalp: tibia p 2 – 9, r 4 – 7; tarsus p 3 – 5, r 3 – 4.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557BFFF6E1E8FBEDFB6AFD5F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of the senior author’s mother, Mary Harrison, for her invaluable assistance on numerous collecting trips.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557BFFF6E1E8FBEDFB6AFD5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia maryae is found on the Eyre Peninsula, and is known from Tumby Bay, the Middleback Ranges, Kimba, and two localities in the Gawler Ranges (Fig. 32).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411557BFFF6E1E8FBEDFB6AFD5F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The burrow lid of B. maryae is D-shaped and slightly indented (Fig. 2 H – K). The rim of the burrow is usually lined with twigs and small leaves (Fig. 2 H – K), which although common in other idiopid genera such as Idiosoma and Gaius, has not been previously documented in Blakistonia. These twigs are used as ‘ feeling lines’ to increase the area of foraging (Main 1962). Twig-lining was not observed in the specimen from Kolay Hut, Gawler Ranges (Fig. 2 K), however, it is likely that the absence of twig-lining was a result of the burrow being built on an unconsolidated bank, with erosion and no leaf litter available. We have tentatively linked the females from Tumby Bay and Gawler Ranges with the males from Kimba and Mount Crawford, due to their distributions on the Eyre Peninsula, and no conflicting differences in other morphological features, such as eye group shape.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115567FFF4E1E8FCEEFDDEFDF2.taxon	description	(Fig. 19 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115567FFF4E1E8FCEEFDDEFDF2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype male, Hiltaba, Gawler Ranges National Park, 32 ° 09 ’ 51 ” S, 135 ° 03 ’ 09 ” E, 13 – 22 November 2012, pitfall, N. Birks, BushBlitz survey (SAM NN 28064).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115567FFF4E1E8FCEEFDDEFDF2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. newtoni can be distinguished from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, B. aurea, B. parva, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the presence of one, rather than two, prolateral macroseta on tibia I, and by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I (Fig. 19 G – I); from those of B. plata and B. birksi by the square eye group (Fig. 19 D); and from those of B. maryae and B. hortoni by the field of spinules on the palpal tibia being in a rounded crescent shape, and by the ventral margin of the palpal tibia distal to the RTA being strongly concave in prolateral view (Fig. 19 J – L). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115567FFF4E1E8FCEEFDDEFDF2.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 28064). Medium-sized idiopid spider (total length 10.4). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 19 A – C): Carapace bright golden orange-brown, with darker, indistinct lines of colour both sideson both sides of caput, and between fovea and eye group (Fig. 19 A); sternum, labium and maxillae very similar colour, chelicerae darker red-brown (Fig. 19 E, F); abdomen same golden orange-brown as sternum and carapace with pattern of seven dark, broad, mottled chevrons, down entire side of abdomen (Fig. 19 A, C); legs and pedipalp same colour as of carapace (Fig. 19 G – L). Cephalothorax: Carapace 5.1 long, 4.4 wide, 3.8 high, 1.2 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 19 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 19 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea slightly procurved; carapace very sparsely setose, slightly more concentrated behind and both sides of eye group, and forming fringe around edge of carapace; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 19 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.8 wide, 8.9 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row straight; AME only slightly smaller than ALE and separated by about one and a half times the distance of AME; ALE and PLE separated by about three times the diameter of ALE; PME pale, less than half the size of AME and about half the size of PLE, and separated from PLE by about its own diameter (Fig. 19 D). Labium with five cuspules (Fig 19 F). Sternum 2.8 long, 2.1 wide, evenly setose (Fig. 19 E). Maxillae with 25 (left) and 19 (right) cuspules (Fig. 19 E, F). Legs: Moderately setose and sparsely spinose; tarsi I, II ventrally flattened; tarsi and distal metatarsi I, II weakly scopulate. Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 9 (3 large, 3 small) r 8 (6 large, 2 small); leg II p 9 (8 large, 1 small), r 8 (6 large, 2 small); leg III p 7 (6 large, 1 small), r 6 (3 large, 3 small); leg IV p 6 (6 large), r 8 (7 large, 1 small). Spination: Leg I: Tibia with single prolateral macroseta (Fig. 19 G – I), r 1; metatarsus p 1 r 1. Leg II: tibia r 1; metatarsus p 2, r 3. Leg III: tibia p 1, r 3; tibia p 1, r 3; metatarsus p 7, r 10; tarsus p 7, r 6. Leg IV: moderately setose and sparsely spinose, with no clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> II> I> III. Leg I: femur 5.0, patella 2.5, tibia 3.8, metatarsus 3.2, tarsus 2.0, total = 16.5. Leg II: femur 4.9, patella 2.5, tibia 3.6, metatarsus 3.0, tarsus 2.3, total = 16.3. Leg III: femur 4.2, patella 2.2, tibia 3.2, metatarsus 3.4, tarsus 2.2, total = 15.2. Leg IV (right): femur 5.0, patella 2.3, tibia 5.3, metatarsus 5.4, tarsus 2.7, total = 20.7. Pedipalp: femur 2.8, patella 1.3, tibia 2.2, tarsus 1.2, total = 7.5. Pedipalp: Femur spinose on dorsal surface; patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA short, pointed, densely covered in short, stout spinules in narrow line to just over two-thirds of distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming more sparse towards distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, curved but not twisted, only slightly longer than bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short spinules, becoming longer distally (Fig. 19 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 5.3 long, 3.2 wide (Fig. 19 A). Variation: None.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115567FFF4E1E8FCEEFDDEFDF2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Mark Newton, for his work in making South Australia’s invertebrate fauna more readily identifiable to the general public, and for supplying specimens and images for this study.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115567FFF4E1E8FCEEFDDEFDF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia newtoni is known only from Hiltaba Reserve in the Gawler Ranges (Fig. 32).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115567FFF4E1E8FCEEFDDEFDF2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Specimens of this species were collected in a pitfall trap, 1.8 km WSW. of Hiltaba Station, under Triodia vegetation on a rocky hill slope.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115565FFF2E1E8FD45FE83FDAF.taxon	description	(Fig. 20 A – I)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115565FFF2E1E8FD45FE83FDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Holotype female, east of Madura, Nullarbor Plain, 32 ° 24 ’ 57 ” S, 124 ° 20 ’ 34 ” E, 29 March 2014, dug from burrow in degraded roadside habitat, M. S. Harvey, S. E. Harrison (WAM T 141142 DNA). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 female, east of Balladonia, Nullarbor Plain, 31 ° 53 ’ 54 ” S, 126 ° 54 ’ 30 ” E, 29 March 2014, dug from burrow in remnant native vegetation, M. S. Harvey, S. E. Harrison (WAM T 141139 DNA); 1 female, Cocklebiddy, 32 ° 02 ’ 12 ” S, 126 ° 05 ’ 28 ” E, 29 March 2014, dug from burrow in highly degraded roadside habitat, M. S. Harvey, S. E. Harrison (WAM T 141140 DNA); 1 female, Moonera, 31 ° 59 ’ 17 ” S, 126 ° 33 ’ 11 ” E, 29 March 2014, dug from burrow in native vegetation, M. S. Harvey, S. E. Harrison (WAM T 141141 DNA).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115565FFF2E1E8FD45FE83FDAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Females of B. nullarborensis can be distinguished from those of all other species of Blakistonia, except B. wingellina, by the strongly trapezoidal eye group (Fig. 20 D); however, B. wingellina and B. nullarborensis are unable to be reliably distinguished using morphology alone. Males are unknown. All life stages of B. wingellina can also be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data by the following nucleotide substitution (n = 4 specimens): G (171).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115565FFF2E1E8FD45FE83FDAF.taxon	description	Description. Holotype female (WAM T 141142). Large idiopid spider (total length 23.0). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 20 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp medium golden-brown, slightly darker around fovea and lateral margins of caput (Fig. 20 A); sternum a lighter golden-brown, darker towards anterior margins; labium and maxillae same golden-brown as anterior margins of sternum, chelicerae dark brown (Fig. 20 E, F); abdomen grey-brown with eight pale mottled chevrons of uniform width spaced over length of abdomen, more closely spaced at posterior abdomen (Fig. 20 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 9.3 long, 7.5 wide, 7.5 high, 1.2 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 20 A); caput high, ocular area flat (Fig. 20 C); cuticle uniformly smooth; fovea procurved; one large patch of thick setae posterior to eye area; smaller fine setae also scattered across the carapace, concentrated and forming fine, indistinct fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 20 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.9 wide, 1.4 long, 0.3 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.3; posterior eye row slightly recurved; AME slightly larger than half ALE and separated by the diameter of AME; ALE and PLE separated by about diameter of PLE; PME pale, ca. 0.25 of PLE, and separated from PLE by about its own diameter (Fig. 20 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 20 F). Sternum 4.9 long, 3.7 wide, moderately setose with setae becoming denser and longer around margins; 3 pairs of sigilla, anterior-most pair ca. in margins, close to anterior margin; second pair at one-third length; third pair at ca. twice their width from edge (Fig. 20 E). Maxillae with 21 (left) and 24 (right) cuspules, becoming denser near inner margins (Fig. 20 E, F). Legs: moderately setose and diffusely spinose, with retrolateral side of all legs being least setose and dorsal sides of III, IV with thick, dense, spine-like setae; distinct upright setae on tarsi, metatarsi and distal tibiae I and II; femora I, II, and pedipalp laterally bowed; tarsi and metatarsi I, II, and palpal tarsus heavily scopulate (Fig. 20 G – H). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 2 (1 large, 1 small) r 3 (2 large, 1 small); leg II p 3 (2 large, 1 small), r 2 (2 large); right leg III p 2 (1 large, 1 small), r 2 (1 large, small); right leg IV p 0, r 2 (2 small). Pedipalp claw with 1 large and 2 small teeth. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 2, r 4; metatarsus p 5, r 4; tarsus with 10 short spines ventrally. Leg II: tibia p 2, r 4; metatarsus p 4, r 5; tarsus p 0, r 10. Leg II: tibia p 2, r 4; metatarsus p 5, r 5; tarsus p 0, r 10. Right leg III: patella p 7; tibia p 2, r 0; metatarsus p 5, r 7. Right leg IV: metatarsus p 2, r 5; tarsus with 19 short spines ventrally. Pedipalp: tibia p 5, r 7; tarsus p 2, r 5. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> III> II. Leg I: femur 4.2, patella 2.6, tibia 2.4, metatarsus 2.8, tarsus 2.6, total = 14.6. Leg II: femur 4.2, patella 3.1, tibia 2.7, metatarsus 1.9, tarsus 1.8, total = 13.7. Leg III: femur 4.2, patella 3.0, tibia 2.5, metatarsus 2.5, tarsus 2.2, total = 14.4. Leg IV (right): femur 4.4, patella 2.4, tibia 3.8, metatarsus 3.0, tarsus 1.9, total = 15.5. Pedipalp: femur 4.7, patella 3.4, tibia 2.7, tarsus 2.2, total = 15.0. Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 16.0 long, 10.1 wide (Fig. 20 A). Genitalia: Spermathecae paired, simple, unbranched, stout and outward facing, circular, covered in opaque mottled brown nodules, more concentrated on lobe of spermathecae (Fig. 20 I). Variation (n = 4): Carapace 6.2 – 9.3 long, 6.2 – 7.5 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 2, r 3 – 6; metatarsus p 3 – 5, r 5 – 6; tarsus p 0, r 3 – 10. Leg II: tibia p 1 – 3, r 2 – 4; metatarsus p 2 – 5, r 5 tarsus p 0, r 10 – 12. Leg III: patella 3 – 7, tibia p 0 – 2, r 0; metatarsus p 4 – 6, r 5 – 7, tarsus with 5 – 13 short spines ventrally. Leg IV: metatarsus p 3 – 6, r 1 – 2; tarsus with 7 – 9 short spines ventrally. Pedipalp: p 0 - 2, tibia p 2 – 6, r 4 – 7; tarsus p 2, r 3 – 5.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115565FFF2E1E8FD45FE83FDAF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the Nullarbor Plain, where this species is found.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115565FFF2E1E8FD45FE83FDAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia nullarborensis is known only from the Nullarbor Plain (Fig. 33).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115565FFF2E1E8FD45FE83FDAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The burrow of B. nullarborensis is D-shaped and slightly indented. When collecting specimens, SEH and MSH were unable to locate burrows of juveniles, and many habitats near the Eyre Highway were highly degraded.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115563FFF0E1E8FD7EFC68FF6A.taxon	description	(Fig. 21 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115563FFF0E1E8FD7EFC68FF6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Holotype male, Peak Charles National Park, site LH 9, 32 ° 54 ’ 34.3 ” S, 121 ° 10 ’ 19.3 ” E, 26 March 2012, Allocasuarina woodland, S. Comer, E. Adams (WAM T 127864).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115563FFF0E1E8FD7EFC68FF6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. olea can be distinguished from those of all other Blakistonia species by the AME being significantly larger than the ALE (Fig. 21 D). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115563FFF0E1E8FD7EFC68FF6A.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (WAM T 127864). Small idiopid spider (total length 11.6). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 21 A – C): Carapace and chelicerae olive-brown, darker around lateral margins (Fig. 21 A); sternum, labium and maxillae uniformly yellow; abdomen darker mottled olive-brown with lighter pattern of four thin chevrons, joined by pale, oblong medial patch (Fig. 20 A, C); legs and pedipalp lighter than carapace, with dorsal femora the darkest (Fig. 21 G – L). Cephalothorax: Carapace 5.4 long, 4.2 wide, 3.9 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 21 A), caput moderately raised, ocular area raised (Fig. 21 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and each side of caput; fovea straight; row of four thick setae between fovea and eye group, culminating in several longer, thickened setae directly posterior to eye group; carapace sparsely setose, with indistinct lines of setae radiating outwards from fovea, slightly more concentrated on lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 21 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.0 wide, 0.6 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row slightly recurved; AME ca. twice the size of ALE and separated by about half of ALE; PLE ca. half of ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; PME pale, about half of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 21 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 21 F). Sternum 2.9 long, 2.4 wide, evenly setose; sigilla indistinct (Fig. 21 E). Maxillae with 8 (left) and 4 (right) cuspules (Fig. 21 E, F). Legs: diffusely setose and spinose; tarsi I, II ventrally swollen; tarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 21 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 2 (2 large) r 6 (6 large); leg II p 5 (5 large), r 5 (2 large, 3 small); leg III p 3 (1 large, 2 small), r 3 (3 large); leg IV prolateral claw missing, r 3. Spination: Tibia I with two prolateral macrosetae (Fig. 21 G – I). All other legs diffusely setose and spinose, with no clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 5.3, patella 2.4, tibia 3.8, metatarsus 4.0, tarsus 2.2, total = 17.7. Leg II: femur 4.8, patella 2.2, tibia 3.5, metatarsus 3.9, tarsus 2.2, total = 16.6. Leg III: femur 3.9, patella 2.0, tibia 2.9, metatarsus 3.8, tarsus 2.5, total = 15.1. Leg IV: femur 5.1, patella 2.5, tibia 4.9, metatarsus 5.6, tarsus 3.0, total = 21.1. Pedipalp: femur 2.9, patella 1.5, tibia 2.6, tarsus 1.2, total = 8.2. Pedipalp: Femur with dorsal spines, patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA short and pointed, with thick clump of setae on tip, and covered in short, dense spinules for ca. half of distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slightly longer than bulb, slender, tapering, tip slightly twisted; cymbium covered in fine setae (Fig. 21 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, three pairs of indistinct, unsclerotised dorsal sigilla; 6.2 long, 3.4 wide (Fig. 21 A). Variation: None.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115563FFF0E1E8FD7EFC68FF6A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin olea (meaning ‘ olive’), in reference to the olive-green the colour of this species. Distribution. Blakistonia olea is known only from Peak Charles National Park, in Western Australia (Fig. 33).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115563FFF0E1E8FD7EFC68FF6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although females of Blakistonia have been found from this location, we cannot link them with certainty to this male due to lack of genetic data from the male and females, the conservative morphology of female specimens and the significantly larger size of females compared to the male.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115561FFF0E1E8FEBDFCF3F801.taxon	description	(Fig. 22 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115561FFF0E1E8FEBDFCF3F801.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype male, Beresford Railway Station, 29 ° 18 ’ 15 ” S, 136 ° 39 ’ 00 ” E, 25 – 30 September 1995, pitfall trap, D. E. H. Stony Deserts Survey (SAM NN 20066).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115561FFF0E1E8FEBDFCF3F801.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. parva can be distinguished from those of all other species of Blakistonia by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I and by the presence of two, rather than one, prolateral macrosetae on leg I (Fig. 22 G – I), and an eye group that is distinctly longer than wide (Fig. 22 D). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115561FFF0E1E8FEBDFCF3F801.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 20066). Very small idiopid spider (total length 7.2). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 22 A – C): Carapace, legs, pedipalp, sternum, labium and maxillae uniformly yellow, chelicerae slightly darker (Fig. 22 A – F); abdomen yellow with seven mottled brown chevrons cover only dorsal abdomen, not laterally (Fig. 22 A, C) Cephalothorax: Carapace 3.3 long, 2.3 wide, 2.0 high, 1.4 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 22 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 22 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; three rows of sparse setae longways behind eye group, additional setae in sparse rows radiating outwards from fovea, fine setae scattered very sparsely across carapaceforming indistinct fringe around lateral margins; 3 setae around eye group and clypeus (Fig. 22 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.5 wide, 0.7 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.1; posterior eye row straight; AME only slightly smaller than ALE and separated by about diameter of AME; ALE and PLE separated by just over ALE diameter; PME about half of AME, slightly less than half of PLE and almost directly adjacent to PLE (Fig. 22 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 22 F). Sternum 1.5 long, 1.4 wide, evenly setose; three pairs of very small sigilla, evenly spaced, all very small (Fig. 22 E). Maxillae without cuspules, with shorter thickened setae in proximal corner (Fig. 22 E, F). Legs: sparsely setose; legs II, III and IV without spines; tarsi I and II ventrally swollen; metatarsi and distal tarsi I, II scopulate on ventral surface only (Fig. 22 G – H). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 4 (4 large), r 4 (4 large); leg II p 4 (4 large), r 4 (4 large); leg III p 3 (2 large, 1 small), r 4 (4 large); leg IV p 3 (3 large), r 3 (2 large, 1 small). Spination: Tibia I with two prolateral macrosetae (Fig. 22 G – I). All other legs without spines. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 2.9, patella 1.4, tibia 2.3, metatarsus 1.5, tarsus 1.8, total = 9.9. Leg II: femur 2.7, patella 1.3, tibia 2.1, metatarsus 1.6, tarsus 1.4, total = 9.1. Leg III: femur 2.1, patella 1.1, tibia 1.4, metatarsus 1.6, tarsus 1.2, total = 7.4. Leg IV (right): femur 2.9, patella 1.3, tibia 2.7, metatarsus 2.6, tarsus 1.6, total = 11.1. Pedipalp: femur 1.6, patella 0.9, tibia 1.6, tarsus 0.9, total = 5.0. Pedipalp: All segments without spines; tibia short, incrassate, RTA slender, pointed, covered in long setae and thick, short, dense spinules, latter organised in rough ‘ rows’ on apophysis and continue in line about as wide apophysis about halfway toward distal edge of tibia, becoming sparser towards distal edge of tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, only twisted distally, ca. 1.5 times the length of bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short, sparse spinules, becoming longer closer to distal edge (Fig. 22 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 3.9 long, 2.7 wide (Fig. 22 A). Variation: None.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115561FFF0E1E8FEBDFCF3F801.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin parvus (meaning ‘ small’), as it is the smallest of all known Blakistonia species.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115561FFF0E1E8FEBDFCF3F801.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia parva is known only from Beresford Railway Station, off the Oodnadatta Track in northern South Australia (Fig. 32).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115561FFF0E1E8FEBDFCF3F801.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male was collected in 1995 as part of the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage’s ‘ Stony Deserts Biological Survey’ (see Brandle 1998).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556FFFFFE1E8FF66FD79FF46.taxon	description	(Fig. 23 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556FFFFFE1E8FF66FD79FF46.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype male, Strangways Springs, 29 ° 08 ’ 14 ” S, 136 ° 34 ’ 00 ” E, 25 – 30 September 1995, pitfall trap, D. E. L. M. Stony Deserts Survey (SAM NN 20064 DNA). Paratype: 1 male, same data (SAM NN 20065).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556FFFFFE1E8FF66FD79FF46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. pidax can be distinguished from those of B. maryae, B. plata, B. birksi, B. newtoni, B. hortoni, B. parva, B. maryae, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the presence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, each with raised cuticular bases and bearing multiple terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 23 G – I); and from those of B. bella, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli and B. aurea by the absence of spinules on the cymbium (Fig. 23 J – L). Females are unknown. All life stages of B. pidax can also be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data by the following nucleotide substitutions (n = 1 specimen): G (128), T (198), T (327), T (378), C (459), T (519), A (538) and the following unique motif: TA (321 – 322).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556FFFFFE1E8FF66FD79FF46.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 20064). Medium idiopid spider (total length 10.2). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 23 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp uniform pale golden orange-brown (Fig. 23 A); sternum, labium and maxillae very similar, sternum darker towards anterior margins; chelicerae slightly darker than carapace (Fig. 23 E, F); abdomen golden orange-brown with distinctive pattern of seven mottled dark chevrons dorsally not laterally (Fig. 23 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 4.6 long, 3.9 wide, 3.3 high, 1.2 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 23 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 23 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; distinct row of setae from halfway between fovea and eye group to eye group, culminating in a group of longer, thickened setae directly posterior to eye group; smaller fine setae also scattered very sparsely across the carapace, concentrated and form fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 23 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.8 wide, 0.7 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.1; posterior eye row straight; AME ca. two-thirds of ALE and separated by about AME diameter; ALE and PLE separated by about twice ALE diameter; PME about two-thirds of the size of AME and only slightly smaller than PLE, and separated from PLE by about its own diameter (Fig. 23 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 23 F). Sternum 2.9 long, 2.2 wide, evenly setose; three pairs of small sigilla (Fig. 23 E). Maxillae without cuspules (Fig. 23 E, F). Legs: moderately setose and very sparsely spinose; tarsi I, II ventrally swollen; tarsi I II weakly scopulate (Fig. 23 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 8 (8 large) 75 (6 large, 1 small); leg II p 8 (8 large), r 5 (4 large, 1 small); leg III p 4 (3 large, 1 small), r 5 (4 large, 1 small); leg IV p 5 (4 large, 1 small), r 5 (2 large, 3 small). Spination: Tibia I with prolateral clasping spurs, distal-most spur with 2 terminal peg-like macrosetae, proximal-most with 3 terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 23 G – I). Leg II without spines. Leg III: patella p 4; metatarsus p 2, r 2; tarsus p 4, r 1. Leg IV: metatarsus p 5, r 2. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 4.3 patella 2.0, tibia 3.1, metatarsus 3.1, tarsus 1.7, total = 14.2. Leg II: femur 4.3, patella 2.1, tibia 3.0, metatarsus 3.0, tarsus 1.7, total = 14.1. Leg III: femur 3.7, patella 1.6, tibia 2.1, metatarsus 1.9, tarsus 1.9, total = 13.0. Leg IV: femur 4.2, patella 2.3, tibia 4.1, metatarsus 4.9, tarsus 2.4, total = 18.1. Pedipalp: femur 2.3, patella 1.0, tibia 2.2, tarsus 1.1, total = 6.6. Pedipalp: All segments without spines; patella with thickened ventral setae distally; tibia short and swollen, RTA short, thin and pointed, covered in dense spinules in line ca. as wide as apophysis halfway to distal tibia, becoming only slightly sparser; long, erect setae ventrally; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, slightly twisted with a flanged tip, slightly longer than length of bulb; cymbium covered in rows of sparse, thickened setae, becoming longer closer to distal edge (Fig. 23 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 5.6 long, 3.2 wide (Fig. 23 A). Variation (n = 2): Carapace 4.4 – 4.6 long, 3.5 – 3.9 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: leg III patella p 4, metatarsus p 2, r 1 - 3. Leg IV: metatarsus p 4 - 5, r 1 - 2.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556FFFFFE1E8FF66FD79FF46.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Greek pidax (meaning ‘ spring’), and refers to the location where the species was found.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556FFFFFE1E8FF66FD79FF46.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia pidax is known only from Strangways Springs, south-west of Lake Eyre in central South Australia (Fig. 32).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556FFFFFE1E8FF66FD79FF46.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This male was collected in a pitfall trap during the ‘ Stony Deserts Biological Survey’, which was conducted between 1994 and 1997 (see Brandle 1998).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556DFFFDE1E8FF66FCE1F9E7.taxon	description	(Fig. 24 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556DFFFDE1E8FF66FCE1F9E7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Holotype male, Texas, 28 ° 52 ’ 0.01 ” S, 151 ° 10 ’ 0.12 ” E, 24 November 1996, found in tree clearing, T. B. Churchill (QMB S 48356).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556DFFFDE1E8FF66FCE1F9E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. plata can be distinguished from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I (Fig. 24 G – I); from those of B. parva, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the presence of one, rather than two, prolateral macroseta on tibia I (Fig. 24 G – I); from those of B. maryae, B. hortoni and B. newtoni by a subquadrate eye group (Fig. 24 D); and from those of B. birksi by the absence of cuspules on the maxillae (Fig. 24 F) and by the absence of a strongly patterned abdomen (Fig. 24 A). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556DFFFDE1E8FF66FCE1F9E7.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (QMB S 48356). Small idiopid spider (total length 9.3). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 24 A – C): Carapace very pale yellow-brown, darker around caput (Fig. 24 A); sternum pale yellow, darker towards anterior and lateral margins; labium and maxillae pale yellow, chelicerae pale orangebrown (Fig. 24 E, F); abdomen pale yellow-brown with only a faint chevron pattern towards anterior end (Fig. 24 A, C); legs and pedipalp very pale yellow-brown (Fig. 24 G – L). Cephalothorax: Carapace 4.0 long, 3.5 wide, 3.1 high, 1.1 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 24 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 24 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; row of setae between fovea and eye group; carapace very sparsely setose, with indistinct lines of setae radiating outwards from fovea, concentrated and form fringe on lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 24 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.9 wide, 2.2 long, 0.3 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row straight; AME equal in size to ALE and separated by less than the diameter of AME / ALE; PLE two-thirds of ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; PME pale, just over half the size of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 24 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 24 F). Sternum 2.2 long, 1.6 wide, evenly setose; sigilla indistinct (Fig. 24 E). Maxillae without cuspules (Fig. 24 E, F). Legs: diffusely setose and spinose on all surfaces, more setose on ventral tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi III, IV; tarsi I, II slightly ventrally swollen; tarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 24 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: right leg I p 5 (4 large, 1 small) r 6 (3 large, 3 small); right leg II p 4 (3 large, 1 small), r 4 (2 large, 2 small); right leg III p 3 (2 large, 1 small), r 4 (2 large, 2 small); right leg IV p 5 (3 large, 2 small, r 5 2 (3 large, 2 small). Spination: Tibia I with single prolateral macroseta (Fig. 24 G – I). All legs diffusely setose and spinose, without clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 4.2, patella 2.1, tibia 3.2, metatarsus 4.5, tarsus 1.7, total = 15.7. Leg II: femur 4.0, patella 2.0, tibia 2.9, metatarsus 4.5, tarsus 1.7, total = 15.7. Leg III: femur 3.4, patella 1.7, tibia 2.3, metatarsus 2.8, tarsus 1.7, total = 11.9. Leg IV: femur 4.4, patella 1.9, tibia 4.1, metatarsus 4.7, tarsus 2.1, total = 17.2. Pedipalp: femur 2.1, patella 1.2, tibia 1.9, tarsus 0.9, total = 6.1. Pedipalp: Femur with dorsal spines, patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia very short and swollen, RTA short and very pointed, covered in short, dense spinules for ca. half distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming more sparse towards distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, tip slightly twisted, just over the length of bulb; cymbium covered in rows of spinules of moderate length, becoming longer and denser towards distal edge (Fig. 24 J – L). Abdomen: Abdomen setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 5.3 long, 3.4 wide (Fig. 24 A). Variation: None.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556DFFFDE1E8FF66FCE1F9E7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin plata (meaning ‘ silver’), in reference to the silver mining industry in Texas, Queensland.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556DFFFDE1E8FF66FCE1F9E7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia plata is known only from Texas, in south-eastern Queensland (Fig. 34).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556DFFFDE1E8FF66FCE1F9E7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This male specimen was found in a tree clearing.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556CFFFBE1E8F936FC38FA0F.taxon	description	(Fig. 25 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556CFFFBE1E8F936FC38FA0F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Holotype male, Drummond Ranges Summit, 23 ° 32 ’ 00 ” S, 147 ° 18 ’ 00 ” E, 25 October – 17 December 2000, open forest, pitfall trap, D. Cook, G. Monteith (QMB S 57760).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556CFFFBE1E8F936FC38FA0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. raveni can be distinguished from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I (Fig. 25 G – I); from those of B. plata, B birksi, B. newtoni, and B. hortoni by the presence of two, rather than one, prolateral macrosetae on tibia I (Fig. 25 G – I); from those of B. parva and B. maryae by an eye group that is wider than long (Fig. 25 D), and from those of B. olea, B. tariae and B. carnarvon by the AME that are not significantly larger than the ALE (Fig. 25 D), a distinctive ring of dark colour around the carapace edge (Fig. 25 A), and an embolus that narrows / tapers before its midpoint (Fig. 25 L). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556CFFFBE1E8F936FC38FA0F.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (QMB S 57760). Small idiopid spider (total length 9.2). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 25 A – C): legs, pedipalp and carapace yellow-brown, darker around lateral margins (Fig. 25 A); sternum yellow-brown, paling towards margins; labium and maxillae same medium brown as sternum; chelicerae slightly darker yellow-brown (Fig. 25 E); abdomen grey-brown with a distinct pattern of seven dark brown chevrons, anterior two chevrons connected by dark brown median patch, posterior three chevrons separated by pale medial patch (Fig. 25 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 3.6 long, 2.8 wide, 2.8 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 25 A), caput moderately raised, ocular area raised (Fig. 25 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; row of setae between fovea and eye group, culminating in clump of setae directly posterior to eye group; setae radiating outwards in lines from fovea, concentrated and form fringe on lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 25 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.8 wide, 0.5 long, 0.3 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row slightly recurved; AME slightly smaller than ALE and separated by less than AME diameter; PLE about one-third of ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; PME pale, about two-thirds of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than its own diameter (Fig. 25 D). Labium without (Fig. 25 F). Sternum 1.9 long, 1.7 wide, evenly setose; sigilla indistinct (Fig. 25 E). Maxillae without cuspules (Fig. 25 E, F). Legs: diffusely setose and spinose; tarsi I and II ventrally slightly swollen; tarsi and distal metatarsi I, II scopulate. Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 5 (5 large) r 6 (5 large, 1 small); leg II p 5 (5 large), r 5 (5 large); leg III p 5 (5 large), r 5 (5 large); leg IV p 6 (5 large, 1 small, r 6 5 large, 1 small). Spination: Tibia I with two prolateral macrosetae (Fig. 15 G – I). All legs diffusely setose and spinose, with no clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 3.6, patella 1.8, tibia 2.6, metatarsus 2.3, tarsus 1.6, total = 11.9. Leg II: femur 3.2, patella 1.5, tibia 2.4, metatarsus 2.1, tarsus 1.7, total = 9.2. Leg III: femur 2.8, patella 1.3, tibia 2.1, metatarsus 2.3, tarsus 1.7, total = 8.5. Leg IV: femur 3.7, patella 1.8, tibia 3.4, metatarsus 3.4, tarsus 1.9, total = 14.2. Pedipalp: femur 2.0, patella 1.0, tibia 1.7, tarsus 0.9, total = 8.0. Pedipalp: Femur with dorsal spines, patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA very short and stout, covered in short, dense spinules for more than half distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming more sparse towards distal end; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, tip slightly twisted, just over length of bulb; cymbium with rows of long spinules, becoming longer and denser distally (Fig. 25 J – L). Abdomen: Abdomen setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 3.5 long, 2.4 wide (Fig. 25 A). Variation: None.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556CFFFBE1E8F936FC38FA0F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Dr Robert Raven, for his unparalleled contributions to arachnid taxonomy.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556CFFFBE1E8F936FC38FA0F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia raveni is known only from the Drummond Ranges, Queensland (Fig. 34).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556CFFFBE1E8F936FC38FA0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This specimen was caught in a pitfall trap in open forest.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556AFFF9E1E8FA14FE0DFA0E.taxon	description	(Fig. 26 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556AFFF9E1E8FA14FE0DFA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Holotype male, Coolinup Nature Reserve, 33 ° 43 ’ 53 ” S, 122 ° 17 ’ 50 ” E, 2 May – 29 November 2000, pitfall, P. Van Heurck, Salinity Action Plan Survey (WAM T 139466). Paratype: 1 male, same data (WAM T 142374). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 male, Durokoppin Nature Reserve, 31 ° 24 ’ S, 117 ° 45 ’ E, 11 August – 9 September 1990, pitfall, B. Main (WAM T 139467).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556AFFF9E1E8FA14FE0DFA0E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. tariae can be distinguished from those of B. bella, B. pidax, B. tunstilli, B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the absence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I (Fig. 26 G – L); from those of B. plata, B birksi, B. newtoni, and B. hortoni by the presence of two, rather than one, prolateral macrosetae on tibia I (Fig. 26 G – I); from those of B. parva and B. maryae by an eye group that is wider than long (Fig. 26 D), and from B. olea, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the combined presence of AME that are similar or smaller in diameter relative to the ALE (Fig. 26 D), and a carapace that is fairly uniform in colour, with no distinct ring of dark colour around edge of carapace (Fig. 26 A). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556AFFF9E1E8FA14FE0DFA0E.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (WAM T 139466). Small idiopid spider (total length 6.7). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 26 A – C): Legs, pedipalp and carapace dark red-brown, darker around caput and anterior margin (Fig. 26 A); sternum light golden-yellow; labium and maxillae same yellow as sternum, chelicerae similar dark red-brown as anterior end of carapace (Fig. 26 E, F); abdomen medium brown with no noticeable chevron pattern (Fig. 26 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 3.5 long, 2.5 wide, 1.8 high, 1.4 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 26 A), caput low, ocular area raised (Fig. 26 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; row of three thick setae between fovea and eye group, culminating in several longer, thickened setae directly posterior to eye group; carapace very sparsely setose, with indistinct lines of setae radiating outwards from fovea, concentrated and form fringe on lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 26 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.6 wide, 1.6 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.0; posterior eye row straight; AME similar in size to ALE and separated by about half ALE diameter ALE; PLE just over half of ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; PME pale, about half of PLE, and separated from PLE by less than half its own diameter (Fig. 26 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 26 F). Sternum 1.6 long, 2.0 wide, evenly setose; sigilla indistinct (Fig. 26 E). Maxillae without cuspules (Fig. 26 E, F). Legs: diffusely setose and spinose on all surfaces; tarsi I, II slightly ventrally swollen; tarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 26 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 5 (5 large) r 5 (5 large); leg II p 4 (4 large), r 6 (5 large, 1 small); leg III p 3 (3 large), r 2 (2 large); leg IV p 5 (2 large, 3 small, r 3 2 large, 3 small). Spination: Tibia I with two prolateral macrosetae (Fig. 26 G – I). All other legs diffusely setose and spinose, with no clear demarcation between lanceolate setae and smaller spine-like setae. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 3.4, patella 1.6, tibia 2.4, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 1.5, total = 11.1. Leg II: femur 3.1, patella 1.4, tibia 2.3, metatarsus 1.9, tarsus 1.3, total = 10.0. Leg III: femur 2.6, patella 1.3, tibia 1.8, metatarsus 2.1, tarsus 1.5, total 1.5. Leg IV: femur 3.2, patella 1.7, tibia 3.5, metatarsus 3.2, tarsus 1.7, total = 13.4. Pedipalp: femur 1.9, patella 1.0, tibia 1.6, tarsus 0.7, total = 5.2. Pedipalp: Femur with dorsal spines, patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA short and pointed, covered in short, dense spinules for ca. half distance between base of apophysis and distal tibia, becoming more sparse towards distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, tip slightly twisted, ca. twice length of bulb; cymbium covered in fine setae, without spinules (Fig. 26 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 3.2 long, 2.0 wide (Fig. 26 A). Variation (n = 2): Carapace 3.4 – 3.6 long, 2.7 wide, 0 – 2 labial cuspules.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556AFFF9E1E8FA14FE0DFA0E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Tari Pawlyk, for her environmental work in the Western Australian Goldfields and her love of the Esperance beaches.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556AFFF9E1E8FA14FE0DFA0E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia tariae is known from Coolinup National Park (near Esperance), and Durokoppin Nature Reserve, both in south-western Australia (Fig. 33).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C10411556AFFF9E1E8FA14FE0DFA0E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The spiders found in Coolinup Nature Reserve (WAM T 139466 and T 142374) were collected as part of the ‘ Salinity Action Plan Survey’ (see Keighery 2004). The spider from Durokoppin Nature Reserve was found in ‘ Transect F’.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115568FF87E1E8FA1EFDB3FAE5.taxon	description	(Fig. 27 A – L)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115568FF87E1E8FA1EFDB3FAE5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Holotype male, Relief Bore, Tallaringa Conservation Park, Great Victoria Desert, 28 ° 13 ’ S, 133 ° 22 ’ E, 2 – 7 October 1993, pitfall, Australian and New Zealand Scientific Exploration Society (SAM NN 20068). Paratype: 1 male, same data (SAM NN 20069); 1 male, same data except 28 ° 14 ’ S, 133 ° 20 ’ E (SAM NN 20080).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115568FF87E1E8FA1EFDB3FAE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of B. tunstilli can be distinguished from those of B. maryae, B. plata, B birksi, B. newtoni, B. hortoni, B. parva, B. maryae, B. olea, B. tariae, B. carnarvon and B. raveni by the presence of prolateral clasping spurs on tibia I, each with raised cuticular bases and bearing multiple terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 27 G – I); from those of B. bella by the absence of a dark dorsal cardiac stripe (Fig. 27 A); from those of B. pidax by the presence of spinules on the cymbium (Fig. 27 J – L); and from those of B. emmottorum, B. gemmelli, and B. aurea by the spinules on the palpal tibia being much shorter than those on the RTA (Fig. 27 A). Females are unknown.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115568FF87E1E8FA1EFDB3FAE5.taxon	description	Description. Holotype male (SAM NN 20080). Medium-sized idiopid spider (total length 11.6). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 27 A – C): Carapace, legs and pedipalp uniform pale golden orange-brown (Fig. 27 A); sternum, labium and maxillae very similar colour, chelicerae slightly darker orange-brown (Fig. 27 E, F); abdomen same golden orange-brown, covered by seven greyish brown mottled chevrons along entire dorsum (Fig. 27 A, C. Cephalothorax: Carapace 5.5 long, 4.4 wide, 3.4 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 27 A), caput low, ocular area slightly raised (Fig. 27 C); cuticle smooth, with pits outward from fovea and both sides of caput; fovea straight; defined row of setae from behind eye group to about one-third of distance between fovea and eye group; two lines of setae also diagonally backwards and outwards from fovea, with setae concentrated and forming fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 27 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 0.9 wide, 0.7 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE – PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.2; posterior eye row straight; AME ca. two-thirds of ALE and separated by about half ALE; ALE and PLE separated by about ALE diameter; PME about two-thirds of AME and about half of PLE. PLE and PME both pale and directly adjacent (Fig. 27 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 27 F). Sternum 3.2 long, 2.0 wide, evenly setose (Fig. 27 E). Maxillae without cuspules (Fig. 27 E, F). Legs: moderately setose; I and II without macrosetae or spines, legs III and IV with few spines; tarsi I, II ventrally swollen; tarsi I, II weakly scopulate (Fig. 27 G – I). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 7 (7 large) r 5 (5 large); leg II p 5 (5 large), r 5 (5 large); leg III p 5 (5 large), r 5 (4 large, 1 small); leg IV p 4 (4 large), r 5 (5 large). Spination: Spination: Tibia I with prolateral clasping spurs, distal-most spur with 2 terminal peg-like macrosetae, proximal-most with 4 terminal peg-like macrosetae (Fig. 27 G – I). Leg II without spines. Leg III: patella p 5; metatarsus p 1, r 3. Leg IV: metatarsus p 4, r 1. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 5.2, patella 2.4, tibia 3.5, metatarsus 3.5, tarsus 2.2, total = 16.6. Leg II: femur 4.5, patella 2.3, tibia 3.3, metatarsus 3.4, tarsus 2.0, total = 15.5. Leg III: femur 4.0, patella 1.8, tibia 2.9, metatarsus 3.7, tarsus 2.2, total = 14.6. Leg IV (right): femur 5.5, patella 2.7, tibia 4.9, metatarsus 5.4, tarsus 2.2, total = 20.6. Pedipalp: femur 3.2, patella 1.6, tibia 2.6, tarsus 1.3, total = 10.2. Pedipalp: All segments without spines; patella with thickened ventral setae; tibia short and swollen, RTA short and pointed, covered in short, dense spinules almost to distal tibia, becoming sparser towards distal tibia; long, erect setae on ventral tibia; bulb uniform, globular; embolus simple, slender, tapering, slightly twisted with flanged tip, slightly longer than length of bulb; cymbium covered in rows of short spinules, becoming longer closer to distal edge (Fig. 27 J – L). Abdomen: Setose, oval, dorsal sigilla not evident; 6.1 long, 3.5 wide (Fig. 27 A). Variation (n = 3): Carapace 5.3 – 6.1 long, 4.3 – 4.8 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: leg III: patella p 4 – 6, metatarsus p 0 – 1, r 3 – 4. Leg IV: metatarsus p 3 – 4, r 0 – 1, tarsus p 0 – 1.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115568FF87E1E8FA1EFDB3FAE5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Guy Tunstill, for his dedication to preserving and teaching indigenous languages, as well as for his knowledge of Australian wildlife.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115568FF87E1E8FA1EFDB3FAE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Blakistonia tunstilli is known only from Tallaringa Conservation Park, south-west of Lake Eyre in central South Australia (Fig. 32).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115568FF87E1E8FA1EFDB3FAE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens of this species were pitfall trapped in vegetation including Acacia aneura, Eucalyptus, Waitzia and Eremophila.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115516FF85E1E8FA3DFAECFB32.taxon	description	(Fig. 28 A – I)	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115516FF85E1E8FA3DFAECFB32.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Holotype female, Wingellina Community, 26 ° 02 ’ 22.2 ” S, 128 ° 58 ’ 32.9 ” E, 12 April 2008, dug from burrow, P. Boulton, Outback Ecology (WAM T 132917). Paratypes: 1 female, same data except 13 April 2008 (WAM T 132914); 1 female, same data except 9 April 2008 (WAM T 132915); 1 female, same data except 12 April 2008 (WAM T 132916 DNA); 1 female, same data except 16 April 2008 (WAM T 132919). Other material examined: 1 juvenile, Wingellina Community, 26 ° 02 ’ 22.2 ” S, 128 ° 58 ’ 32.9 ” E, 15 April 2008 (WAM T 132918).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115516FF85E1E8FA3DFAECFB32.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Females of B. wingellina can be distinguished from all other species of Blakistonia, except B. nullarborensis, by the strongly trapezoidal eye group (Fig. 28 D). Blakistonia wingellina and B. nullarborensis are unable to be reliably distinguished using morphology alone. Males are unknown. All life stages of B. wingellina can also be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data except B. aurea by the following nucleotide substitution (n = 1 specimen): C (90).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115516FF85E1E8FA3DFAECFB32.taxon	description	Description. Holotype female (WAM T 132917). Large idiopid spider (total length 17.7). Colour (in ethanol; Fig. 28 A – C): Legs, pedipalp and carapace golden orange-brown, slightly darker around fovea and lateral margins of caput (Fig. 28 A); sternum, labium and maxillae golden-brown, chelicerae darker golden-brown (Fig. 28 E, F); abdomen grey-brown with mottled chevron pattern for length, extending only slightly onto lateral surface, more closely spaced posteriorly (Fig. 28 A, C). Cephalothorax: Carapace 7.8 long, 6.1 wide, 5.6 high, 1.3 times longer than wide; oval (Fig. 28 A); caput low, ocular area flat (Fig. 28 C); cuticle uniformly smooth; fovea procurved; three rows of thick setae behind eye area, medial row extends furthest to fovea; smaller fine setae scattered very sparsely across carapace, concentrated and form very fine, indistinct fringe around lateral margins; median clump of thickened setae on clypeus (Fig. 28 D). Length of median clypeus less than 1.0; anterior margin slightly convex. Eye group 1.5 wide, 1.4 long, 0.2 of carapace width; anterior eye row strongly procurved, PLE / ALE – ALE ratio 1.3; posterior eye row recurved; AME about 0.5 of ALE and separated by about ALE diameter; ALE and PLE separated by about 1.5 times PLE diameter; PME pale, ca. 0.25 of PLE, and separated from PLE by about its own diameter (Fig. 28 D). Labium without cuspules (Fig. 28 E). Sternum 4.1 long, 3.4 wide, moderately setose with setae becoming denser and longer around margins; 3 pairs of sigilla, anterior-most pair in lateral margins near anterior margin; second pair at one-third length; third pair at ca. three times their width from margins (Fig. 28 E). Maxillae with ca. 30 (left) and 27 (right) cuspules (Fig. 28 E, F). Legs: moderately setose and diffusely spinose, retrolateral sides least setose and dorsal III and IV with thick, dense, spine-like setae; distinct upright setae on tarsi and metatarsi I, II; femora I, II, and pedipalp laterally bowed; tarsi and metatarsi I, II, and palpal tarsus heavily scopulate (Fig. 28 G, H). Paired tarsal claws: leg I p 2 (1 large, 1 small) r 3 (3 large); leg II p 2 (1 large, 1 small), r 2 (1 large, 1 small); right leg III p 2 (1 large, 1 small), r 1 (1 large); right leg IV p 2 (2 large), r 2 (1 large, 1 small). Pedipalp claw with 1 large and 1 small ventral tooth. Spination: Leg I: tibia p 2, r 4; metatarsus p 5, r 6; tarsus p 9. Leg II: tibia r 3; metatarsus p 4, r 6; tarsus p 2, r 10. Right leg III: patella p 4; metatarsus p 5, r 4; tarsus p 4, r 5. Right leg IV: metatarsus p 9, r 1; tarsus p 8, r 4. Pedipalp: tibia p 4, r 5; tarsus p 2, r 4. Leg and pedipalp measurements: Length of legs IV> I> II> III. Leg I: femur 3.9, patella 2.6, tibia 2.5, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 1.2, total = 12.4. Leg II: femur 3.6, patella 2.5, tibia 2.0, metatarsus 1.9, tarsus 1.7, total = 11.7. Leg III: femur 3.5, patella 2.6, tibia 2.0, metatarsus 2.3, tarsus 1.9, total = 12.3. Leg IV: femur 4.5, patella 3.7, tibia 4.0, metatarsus 3.4, tarsus 2.1, total = 17.7. Pedipalp: femur 3.8, patella 2.2, tibia 2.0, tarsus 2.7, total = 10.7. Abdomen: Setose, oval, one pair of indistinct, unsclerotised dorsal sigilla on anterior-third of abdomen; 9.9 long, 5.8 wide (Fig. 28 A). Genitalia: Spermathecae paired, simple, unbranched, stout and outward facing, oval-shaped, covered in opaque mottled brown nodules, more concentrated on lobe of spermathecae (Fig. 28 I). Variation (n = 5): Carapace 7.0 – 10.3 long, 5.6, 7.7 wide, no labial cuspules. Spination: Leg II tibia p 0 – 2, r 2 – 4; metatarsus p 3 – 5, r 4 – 9; tarsus p 0 – 3, r 4 – 14. Leg II tibia p 0,. r 2 – 3; metatarsus p 3 – 4, r 5 – 7; tarsus p 2 – 4, r 6 – 10. Leg III patella p 3 – 4, r 0; tibia p 0 – 2, r 0; metatarsus p 3 – 5, r 4 – 5; tarsus p 4 – 8, r 4 – 6. Leg IV metatarsus p 5 – 9, r 1 – 6; tarsus p 8 – 10, r 3 – 4. Pedipalp patella p 0. r 1; tibia p 4 – 5, r 3 – 5; tarsus p 1 – 3, r 1 – 4.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115516FF85E1E8FA3DFAECFB32.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition, and refers to the community of Wingellina, where the specimens were collected.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115516FF85E1E8FA3DFAECFB32.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is known only from Wingellina, Western Australia (Fig. 33), near the Western Australian / South Australian border in the Goldfields region.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115516FF85E1E8FA3DFAECFB32.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The land surrounding the Wingellina community consists of prickly mallee and mulga country.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115514FF85E1E8FB05FC31F973.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: One juvenile, Yamarna, 140 km E. of Laverton, 28 ° 07 ’ 58 ” S, 123 ° 41 ’ 22 ” E, 3 December 2011, hand collected, Acacia shrubland, V. Saffer (WAM T 121587 DNA).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115514FF85E1E8FB05FC31F973.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As Blakistonia ‘ sp. 1 ’ is known only from a juvenile specimen, it cannot be distinguished from other species by morphology. However, all life stages of this species can be distinguished from those of other species with sequence data by the following nucleotide substitutions (n = 1 specimen): C (108), C (144), T (271), T (299), C (346), T (478); and by the following unique motifs: GAT (47 – 49), TC (57 – 58), TA (99 – 100), GC (210 – 211), CA (354 – 355), AGC (373 – 375), GTTA (414 – 418), GA (456 – 457), TTT (470 – 472), GT (477 – 478), AT (513 – 514).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115514FF85E1E8FB05FC31F973.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is known only from Yamarna, 140 km east of Laverton, in the Goldfields region of Western Australia (Fig. 33).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115514FF85E1E8FB05FC31F973.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As the only known specimen of Blakistonia ‘ sp. 1 ’ is a juvenile, it is not formally described as a new species, although the molecular data clearly demonstrate it as new.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115514FF80E1E8F8C4FCD2FCCF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 juvenile, Kangaroo Island, 35 ° 45 ’ S, 137 ° 37 ’ E, 2 December 1965, A. R. Main (WAM T 141084); 1 juvenile, about 11 km north of Tumby Bay, 34 ° 16 ’ S, 136 ° 06 ’ E, 14 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141088); 1 juvenile, Kappi Ki Homestead, 33 ° 19 ’ S, 120 ° 58 ’ E, 16 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141089); 1 female, 29 km from Lock on road to Elliston, 33 ° 31 ’ S, 135 ° 44 ’ E, 17 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141090); 1 juvenile, Ceduna, behind first line of sand hills-west of town, 32 ° 07 ’ S, 133 ° 40 ’ E, 21 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141091); 1 juvenile, Port Kenny, 7.5 km west of silo, 33 ° 07 ’ S, 134 ° 37 ’ E, 7 May 1986, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141106); 1 female, 19 km east of Penong on Eyre Highway, 31 ° 56 ’ S, 133 ° 08 ’ E, 22 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141117); 1 female, Flinders Ranges, 33 ° 06 ’ S, 138 ° 10 ’ E, 24 March 1905, R. H. Pulleine (AM KS. 10251); 1 juvenile, Oaklands, Yorke Peninsula, 34 ° 59 ’ 15 ” S, 137 ° 41 ’ 18 ” E, 11 October 1911, R. H. Pulleine (AM KS. 119909); 1 female, Pichi Richi, 32 ° 19 ’ S, 138 ° 06 ’ E (AM KS. 1626); 1 female, Bridgewater, Mount Lofty Ranges, 35 ° 00 ’ S, 138 ° 43 ’ E, 1 September 1972, D. Clyne (AM KS. 1627); 1 female, Henley, 34 ° 56 ’ S, 138 ° 31 ’ E (AM KS. 22872); 1 female, Adelaide, 34 ° 56 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E (AM KS. 43713); 1 female, Black Hill, 34 ° 53 ’ S, 138 ° 42 ’ E, 18 November 1917 (AM KS. 43730); 1 juvenile, Mallala, 34 ° 27 ’ S, 138 ° 31 ’ E (AM KS. 43731); 1 female, Yarcowie, 33 ° 18 ’ S, 138 ° 54 ’ E, 22 March 1905, R. H. Pulleine (AM KS. 43733); 1 female, Mitcham, 34 ° 59 ’ S, 138 ° 37 ’ E, 26 October 1917, R. H. Pulleine (AM KS. 43734) 1 female, Canowie, 33 ° 25 ’ S, 138 ° 45 ’ E, 1 April 1908 (AM KS. 43838); 1 juvenile, Woolshed Flat, 32 ° 27 ’ S, 137 ° 59 ’ E, 1 July 1909 (AM KS. 43839); 1 juvenile, Black Hill, 39 ° 42 ’ S, 139 ° 28 ’ E, 18 November 1917 (AM KS. 43840); 1 female, Mt Lofty Ranges, 26 ° 59 ’ S, 138 ° 43 ’ E (AM KS. 43841); 1 female, Kingswood, 32 ° 34 ’ S, 138 ° 08 ’ E, 22 March 1905, R. H. Pulleine (AM KS. 43842); 1 female, Crystal Brook Golf Course, Mid-North, 33 ° 21 ’ S, 138 ° 12 ’ E, 31 March 1991, dug from burrow, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20008); 1 female, Burra, Mid-North, 33 ° 40 ’ S, 138 ° 56 ’ E, 2 February 1993, M. Hutchinson (SAM NN 20010); 1 female, Millbrook Reservoir, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 2 April 1981, dug from burrow, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20011); 1 female, Gawler, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 35 ’ S, 138 ° 44 ’ E, March 1986, dug from short burrow in garden under pine bark, C. Read (SAM NN 20012); 1 female, Mallala, Mid- North, 34 ° 26 ’ S, 138 ° 30 ’ E, 1905 (SAM NN 20014); 1 female, Para Hills, Yuli Gully, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 48 ’ S, 138 ° 39 ’ E, September 1991, L. Bebbington (SAM NN 20018); 1 female, Brady Creek, Robertstown, Murray Mallee, 33 ° 59 ’ S, 139 ° 04 ’ E, May 1936, T. Honeychurch (SAM NN 20019); 1 female, Ketchowla, Murray Mallee, 33 ° 17 ’ S, 139 ° 13 ’ E, 7 October 1989, dug from burrow, Strathalbyn Field Naturalists (SAM NN 20020); 1 female, Para Hills, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 48 ’ S, 138 ° 39 ’ E, 21 October 1984, dug from burrow in lawn, T. Morley (SAM NN 20021); 1 female, Somerton Park, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 59 ’ S, 138 ° 31 ’ E, 19 February 1975, B. Casanova (SAM NN 20028); 1 female, Mitcham, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 37 ’ E, 17 May 1986, dug up in garden, R. V. Southcott (SAM NN 20030); 1 female, Morialto Falls, Spring Gully Road, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 42 ’ E, 23 July 1982, C. M. Krutls (SAM NN 20036); 1 female, Adelaide, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 56 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 16 April 1905 (SAM NN 20037); 1 female, Klemzig, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 52 ’ S, 138 ° 38 ’ E, November 1976, dug from burrow, E. Rech (SAM NN 20041); 1 female, Hope Valley, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 50 ’ S, 138 ° 42 ’ E, April 2008 (SAM NN 20042); 1 female, Glengowrie, 56 Barker Street, Adelaide, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 59 ’ S, 138 ° 31 ’ E, 21 March 1971, K. R. Capps (SAM NN 20045); 1 female, Colonel Light Gardens, Adelaide, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 58 ’ S, 138 ° 35 ’ E, 29 October 1965, dug from burrows in garden, C. Luscombe (SAM NN 20046); 1 female, Belair National Park, Mt Lofty Ranges, 35 ° 00 ’ S, 138 ° 38 ’ E, 19 April 1905 (SAM NN 20048); 1 female, Clements Gap Conservation Park, near old school site, Mid-North, 33 ° 30 ’ S, 138 ° 04 ’ E, 14 June 1997, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20049); 1 female, Black Hill, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 42 ’ E, July 2007 (SAM NN 20053); 1 female, Black Hill, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 42 ’ E, July 2007 (SAM NN 20054); 1 female, Black Hill, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 42 ’ E, July 2007 (SAM NN 20055); 2 females, Black Hill, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 42 ’ E, July 2007 (SAM NN 20056 – 7); 2 females, Athelstone, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 54 ’ S, 138 ° 42 ’ E, 29 January 1971, dug from burrow, D. C. Lee (SAM NN 20058 – 9); 1 female, Belair, Mt Lofty Ranges, 34 ° 59 ’ S, 138 ° 37 ’ E, December 1975 (SAM NN 20062); 1 female, Middleback Station, Eyre Peninsula, 32 ° 57 ’ S, 137 ° 23 ’ E, September 1983, B. Guerin (SAM NN 20067); 1 female, Middleback Station, Eyre Peninsula, 32 ° 57 ’ S, 137 ° 23 ’ E, July 1984, B. Guerin (SAM NN 20070); 1 female, Bunyeroo Gorge, Heysen Range, Flinders Ranges, 31 ° 25 ’ S, 138 ° 33 ’ E, 17 May 1990, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20072); 1 female, Middleback Station, Eyre Peninsula, 32 ° 57 ’ S, 137 ° 23 ’ E, July 1984, B. Guerin (SAM NN 20073); 1 female, Middleback Station, Barber’s paddock, Eyre Peninsula, 32 ° 57 ’ S, 137 ° 23 ’ E, July 1985, dug from burrow, B. Guerin (SAM NN 20074); 1 female, Arcoona Creek Gammon Ranges, Flinders Rangers, 30 ° 28 ’ S, 138 ° 58 ’ E, 4 May 1989, dug from burrow in hard soil in creek bank, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20081); 1 female, Bunyeroo Creek, ABC Range, Flinders Ranges, 31 ° 25 ’ S, 138 ° 34 ’ E, 16 May 1990, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20083); 1 female, Bunyeroo Creek, ABC Range, Flinders Ranges, 31 ° 25 ’ S, 138 ° 34 ’ E, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20084); 1 female, Bunyeroo Creek, ABC Range, Flinders Ranges, 31 ° 25 ’ S, 138 ° 34 ’ E, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20085); 1 female, Welcome Well, Arcoona Station, Gairdner-Torrens Basin, 31 ° 17 ’ 04 ” S, 137 ° 04 ’ 21 ” E, pitfall (SAM NN 20088); 1 juvenile, Mt Ohlssen-Bagge peak, Wilpena Pound, Flinders Ranges, 31 ° 32 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 23 April 1987, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20093); 1 female, Mt Fairview, Paney Station, Gawler Ranges, 32 ° 34 ’ S, 135 ° 35 ’ E, 7 December 1989, Found amongst mallee near creek, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20094), 1 female, Mt Ohlssen-Bagge peak, Wilpena Pound, Flinders Rangers, 31 ° 32 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, 23 April 1987, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20099), 1 female, Kolay Hut, Paney Station, Gawler Rangers, 32 ° 33 ’ S, 135 ° 36 ’ E, 10 December 1989, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20104), 1 female, Arcoona Creek, Flinders Rangers, 30 ° 28 ’ S, 139 ° 01 ’ E, 5 May 1989, dug from burrow on southern cliff face, door included, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20105); 1 female, Kolay Hut, Paney Station, Gawler Ranges, 32 ° 33 ’ S, 135 ° 36 ’ E, 10 December 1989, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20106); 1 female, Arcoona Creek Gammon Ranges, Flinders Ranges, 30 ° 28 ’ S, 138 ° 58 ’ E, 4 May 1989, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20107); 1 female, Kolay Hut, Paney Stn, <20 m from creek, Gawler Ranges, 32 ° 33 ’ S, 135 ° 36 ’ E, 10 December 1989, dug from burrow near creek, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20108) 1 female, Clements Gap Conservation Park, Mid-North, 33 ° 29 ’ S, 138 ° 04 ’ E, 4 October 1997, dug from burrow, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20110); 4 females, Beetaloo Reservoir, Mid-North, 33 ° 11 ’ S, 138 ° 16 ’ E, 14 June 1997, dug from short burrow, D. Hirst (SAM NN 20111 – 4); 1 female, Balcanoona, Flinders Ranges, 30 ° 38 ’ 30 ” S, 139 ° 31 ’ 10 ” E, July 1997, pitfall (SAM NN 20115); 3 females, Mallala, Mid-North, 34 ° 26 ’ S, 138 ° 30 ’ E, April 2008 (SAM NN 20663 – 5); 2 females, Mallala, Mid-North, 34 ° 26 ’ S, 138 ° 30 ’ E, April 2008 (SAM NN 20664 – 5); 2 females, Pt Augusta, Eyre Peninsula, 32 ° 29 ’ S, 137 ° 46 ’ E (SAM NN 20666 – 7); 9 females, Belair National Park, Mt Lofty Ranges, 35 ° 01 ’ S, 138 ° 39 ’ E, January 1936 (SAM NN 20668 – 76); 1 female, Adelaide, Adelaide Plains, 34 ° 56 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E (SAM NN 20677); 1 female, Orroroo, Flinders Ranges, 32 ° 44 ’ S, 138 ° 36 ’ E, J. T. Gray (SAM NN 20683); 1 female, Whyalla, Eyre Peninsula, 33 ° 02 ’ S, 137 ° 34 ’ E, 30 March 1976, P. Hudson (SAM NN 20684); 1 female, Carappee Hill, Eyre Peninsula, 33 ° 25 ’ 37 ” S, 136 ° 15 ’ 56 ” E, pitfall, D. Hirst (SAM NN 26636); 1 female, Wiawirra Station, Olary, 32 ° 17 ’ 31 ” S, 140 ° 23 ’ 38 ” E, 11 October 2006, N. Birks (SAM NN 28999); 1 female, 5 km east of Olary, 32 ° 17 ’ S, 140 ° 24 ’ E, 11 October 2006, N. Birks (SAM NN 29001); 1 female, 35.2 km north of Olary, 32 ° 59 ’ 06 ” S, 140 ° 10 ’ 41 ” E, Found in low chenopod shrubland (SAM NN 29002); 3 juvenile, on road to Mount Middleback, off Port Lincoln Highway, south west of Whyalla, 33 ° 11 ’ 16 ” S, 137 ° 15 ’ 13 ” E, 2 May 2013, dug from burrow near paddock fence in saltbush paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29569); 3 juveniles, Pichi Richi Park, Pichi Richi Pass, Flinders Ranges, 32 ° 25 ’ 46 ” S, 137 ° 58 ’ 16 ” E, 3 May 2013, dug from burrow in dry grass, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29572); 1 female, Pichi Richi Park, Pichi Richi Pass, Flinders Ranges, 32 ° 25 ’ 46 ” S, 137 ° 58 ’ 16 ” E, 3 May 2013, dug from burrow in dry grass, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29573); 1 female, Survey Road (dirt road between Melrose and Port Germein), 32 ° 50 ’ 48 ” S, 138 ° 10 ’ 53 ” E, 5 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry creek bank in paddock under gumtree, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29580); 3 juveniles, Lindsay Terrace, Kadina, 33 ° 57 ’ 25 ” S, 137 ° 43 ’ 07 ” E, 5 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry grassy verge, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29582); 3 juveniles, Hicky’s Drive, Coobowie, 35 ° 01 ’ 42 ” S, 137 ° 45 ’ 42 ” E, 6 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29585); 1 female, Saint Vincent Highway, Port Vincent, 34 ° 46 ’ 44 ” S, 137 ° 50 ’ 08 ” E, 6 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29586); 3 juvenile, Arthurton Road, 34 ° 21 ’ 58 ” S, 137 ° 49 ’ 46 ” E, 6 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29589); 3 juvenile, Maitland-Ardrossan Road, 34 ° 23 ’ 21 ” S, 137 ° 43 ’ 28 ” E, 6 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29591); 3 juveniles, on unnamed road from Port Moorowie toward Yorketown (extension of McEacherns Beach Road), 35 ° 04 ’ 24 ” S, 137 ° 32 ’ 01 ” E, 8 May 2013, dug from burrow on dry verge next to paddock, S. E. Harrison, M. L. Harrison (SAM NN 29595); 1 female, McLaren Vale, Douglas Scrub, off Jackie’s Trail, 35 ° 11 ’ 07 ” S, 138 ° 36 ’ 03 ” E, 24 September 2013, dug from burrow on compacted sand walking trail, S. E. Harrison, M. G. Rix, B. Parslow, E. Fagan-Jeffries (SAM NN 29602); 1 female, McLaren Vale, Douglas Scrub, off Jackie’s Trail, 35 ° 11 ’ 07 ” S, 138 ° 36 ’ 03 ” E, 24 September 2013, dug from burrow on compacted bank, S. E. Harrison, M. G. Rix, B. Parslow, E. Fagan-Jeffries (SAM NN 29603); 1 female, Bailey Road, Echunga, 35 ° 7 ’ 8.64 ” S, 138 ° 48 ’ 9.93 ”, 20 March 2015, dug from burrow in grassy roadside bank, S. E. Harrison, D. G. Bass (SAM NN 29622); 1 female, Para Wirra Conservation Park, Humbug Scrub Road, Humbug Scrub, 34 ° 42 ’ 05.322 ” S, 138 ° 48 ’ 44.778 ”, 1 April 2015, dug from burrow in clay soil near lake, S. E. Harrison, B. Horton (SAM NN 29626); 1 female, Mark Oliphant Conservation Park, 35 ° 01 ’ 46.44 ” S, 138 ° 42 ’ 26.03 ”, 20 August 2015, dug from burrow in roadside embankment, S. E. Harrison, D. Stringer and A. Lewis (SAM NN 29636); 1 female, Mark Oliphant Conservation Park, 35 ° 01 ’ 50.88 ” S, 138 ° 42 ’ 26.58 ”, 25 August 2015, dug from burrow in roadside embankment, S. E. Harrison, N. Birks (SAM NN 29639); 1 female, Hallett, 33 ° 20 ’ 09 ” S, 138 ° 58 ’ 18 ” E, 18 July 2013, dug from burrow, J. Clayton (SAM NN 29805). Western Australia: 1 juvenile, 106 km east of Wigunda Tank, Eyre Highway, 31 ° 33 ’ S, 130 ° 26 ’ E, 23 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141092); 1 juvenile, 160 km west of Eucla, 21 km east of Madura, Eyre Highway, 31 ° 54 ’ S, 127 ° 21 ’ E, 24 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141093); 1 juvenile, Cocklebiddy Tank, 32 ° 02 ’ S, 126 ° 05 ’ E, 25 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141094); 1 juvenile, 331 km east of Norseman, 112 km east of Balladonia, 71 km west of Caiguna Tank, 32 ° 14 ’ S, 125 ° 27 ’ E, 25 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141095); 2 juveniles, 288 km east of Norseman, 69 km east of Balladonia, 32 ° 15 ’ 38 ’ S, 124 ° 58 ’ E, 25 December 1952, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141096 – 7); 1 female, 2 km south of Peak Charles turnoff on 90 Mile Tank-Dowabi Track, 32 ° 58 ’ S, 121 ° 38 ’ E, 24 May 1955, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141099); 2 juveniles, 8 km north of Peak Charles, 32 ° 49 ’ S, 121 ° 14 ’ E, 25 May 1955, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141100 – 1); 1 juvenile, 14 km north east of Norseman, 32 ° 6 ’ S, 121 ° 53 ’ E, 8 July 1955, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141102); 1 female, 8 km east of Moonera Tank, 31 ° 58 ’ S, 126 ° 37 ’ E, 8 August 1955, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141103); 1 juvenile, same data (WAM T 141104); 4 females, Moonera, 31 ° 43 ’ S, 126 ° 35 ’ E, 22 May 1986, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141107 – 10); 1 female, 34.3 km east of Caiguna, 32 ° 06 ’ S, 125 ° 35 ’ E, 22 May 1986, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141111); 1 female, Moonera, 43 km west of Madura, 31 ° 43 ’ S, 126 ° 35 ’ E, 22 May 1986, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141112); 2 juveniles, Mt Ragged walking trail, 33 ° 27 ’ S, 123 ° 28 ’ E, 22 November 1986, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141113 – 4). Northern Territory: 1 juvenile, Mt Olga, Valley of Winds, 25 ° 18 ’ S, 130 ° 44 ’ E, 10 September 1965, A. R. Main (WAM T 141085); 1 juvenile, Maggie Springs, 25 ° 23 ’ S, 131 ° 05 ’ E, 11 September 1965, A. R. Main (WAM T 141086); 1 specimen (fragments), Kings Creek walk, gorge, Kings Canyon National Park, 24 ° 15 ’ S, 131 ° 30 ’ E, 6 June 1995, B. Y. Main (WAM T 141116).	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
03C104115514FF80E1E8F8C4FCD2FCCF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The female and juvenile specimens listed here could not be confidently identified due to the lack of diagnostic morphological features or molecular sequence data.	en	Harrison, Sophie E., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S., Austin, Andrew D. (2018): Systematics of the Australian spiny trapdoor spiders of the genus Blakistonia Hogg (Araneae: Idiopidae). Zootaxa 4518 (1): 1-76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4518.1.1
