taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C13C31346DFFC21074FDB6BF9E5937.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length ranges from 1 – 2 mm; 8 + 8 eyes within dark patches; four segmented antennae, unilobed or bilobed apical bulb; scales broad and apically pointed with various rib length from spinulate to uninterrupted type, present on body and frequently on appendages also; elongated terminal scales absent on body segments; unguis with one or two unpaired teeth; dens without scales and spines; bidented mucro with basal spine.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C31346DFFC91054FCDABB765C25.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: CFAA 8 B 12 - FD 08 - 4 A 58 - A 42 D- 728210 F 73 FA 7 Figs 1 – 3, Tables 1 – 3	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C31346DFFC91054FCDABB765C25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Blue pigment present on Abd. III – V and as patches on lateral side of head, Th. III, Abd. II; pigment sometimes deep on Th. III. Head with 9 + 9 antennal and 9 + 9 sutural mac. Th. II with 5 + 5 medio-sublateral and 19 – 21 posterior mac; Abd. I – IV with 3, 5, 3, 13 central mac on each side respectively and Abd. IV with 23 lateral mac.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C31346DFFC91054FCDABB765C25.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is given after the type specimen collection state Sikkim (India).	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C31346DFFC91054FCDABB765C25.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype INDIA • ♀ (on slide); collected from Sikkim, North Sikkim District, Lachen Village; 27 ° 42.565 ′ N, 88 ° 33.723 ′ E; 7824.80 ft a. s. l.; 9 Sep. 2022; G. P. Mandal leg.; in leaf litter; reg. no. 3287 / H 14; NZC. Paratypes INDIA • 3 ♀♀ (on slides), 25 specs in ethyl alcohol; same collection data as for holotype; reg. no. 3388 / H 14; NZC.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C31346DFFC91054FCDABB765C25.taxon	description	Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length up to 2.4 mm without appendages (Fig. 1 A – C). COLOURATION. General body colour pale yellow; deep blue pigment present on Abd. III – V and diffusely on Th. III, Abd. II (Fig. 1 A – B), sometimes Th. III deeply pigmented (Fig. 1 C). Coxa and distal part of hind femur with blue patch. Eye patches dark blue, transverse band present between two eyepatches, little blue ting present behind eyes. SCALES. Spinulate type of scales present all over body (Fig. 2 A), Ant. I – II, legs up to femur. Ventral side of manubrium with slender scales. HEAD. Eyes 8 + 8, G and H smaller. Antennae 2.47 × as long as head diagonal. Ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.56: 1.57: 2.45. Ant. IV with many sensory setae and bilobed bulb distally. Dorsal cephalic region with nine antennal (An), four median (M 1 – M 4) and nine sutural (S 0 – S 6, S 4 i, S 5 i) mac (Fig. 2 B). Interocular setae as p, s, t. Labral setae formula as 4 / 5, 5, 4; pre-labral setae ciliated, others smooth; labral papillae conical (Fig. 2 C). Labial triangle with five ciliated (MREL 1 L 2) and five smooth setae (Fig. 2 D), tip of lateral process of labial papilla reaching apex of labial papilla (Fig. 2 E). THORAX. Tergal mac as shown in Fig. 2 F. Th. II with two medio-median (m 2, m 2 i) (in Figure T 1), five medio-sublateral (m 4, m 4 i, m 4 p, m 4 pi, m 5) (in Figure T 2), 20 – 21 posterior mac (p 5 i sometimes absent), two sens present. Th. III with 18 median and six lateral mac (a 6, a 6 i, p 5, p 6, m 6, m 6 e), two sens present on lateral side. Trochanteral organ with 53 – 55 smooth setae arranged in square (Fig. 2 G). Unguis with basal paired, two unpaired inner teeth each located 22 µm, 36 µm and 46 µm distance from unguis base respectively, 13 µm distance between two inner unpaired teeth (hind claw); unguiculus lanceolate with outer edge serrate. Thick, smooth clavate tenent hair present, slightly longer than inner side of unguis (Fig. 3 A). ABDOMEN. Dorsal chaetotaxy as Fig. 3 B – C. Abd. I with three central mac (m 2 – m 4), one ms and one sens. Abd. II with five central mac (a 2, m 3, m 3 ep, m 3 e, m 3 ea), two sens and one ms, m 5 present. Abd. III with three dorso-central (a 2, a 3, m 3), five lateral mac (am 6, pm 6, p 6, m 7 a, p 7) and two sens. Abd. IV 13 central (A 3 – A 6, Ae 3, Ae 5, Ae 7, B 3 – B 6, Si, Sm) and 23 lateral mac and with 12 S-setae as Figure 3 C. Ventral tube with 5 + 5 long and 17 – 19 median ciliated setae on each side of anterior face, about 17 – 20 lateral flap setae, posterior side with 1 + 1 smooth and 1 + 1 ciliated setae (Fig. 3 D). Manubrial plaque with 11 ciliated setae, three pseudopores clearly visible (Fig. 3 E). Uncrenulated part of dens 1.26 × as long as mucro. Bidented mucro with sub-equal teeth, basal spine tip reaching subapical tooth (Fig. 3 F).	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C31346DFFC91054FCDABB765C25.taxon	discussion	Remarks This new species is greatly different from the species of Willowsia described from India and the world both in chaetotaxy and colour pattern (Tables 1 – 2). Willowsia sikkimensis sp. nov. is similar to the Chinese species W. zhaotongensis in head chaetotaxy, scale morphology and its position on body (Chai & Ma 2017). However, the two species are noticeably dissimilar in antennal and body chaetotaxy, a labial triangle with a different posterior row formula and a few other characters listed in Table 3.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313466FFCB107BF9CBBB105849.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 8 AEC 0266 - A 90 C- 40 E 2 - B 23 C-B 82 C 9 A 363 BD 4 Figs 4 – 6, Tables 1 – 2, 4	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313466FFCB107BF9CBBB105849.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body segments with distinct pigment patches, intensely coloured laterally; Abd. III pigmented; Scales of long basal rib type, absent on legs and antennae, present on manubrium; labral papilla with 2 – 4 denticles; Abd. I – IV with 2, 4, 2, 8 central mac on each side respectively, Abd. IV with 13 lateral mac.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313466FFCB107BF9CBBB105849.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet was given after the type collection state Arunachal Pradesh (India).	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313466FFCB107BF9CBBB105849.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype INDIA • ♀ (on slide); Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district, Bomdila town, Bomdila Forest Inspection Bungalow; 27 ° 15.957 ′ N, 92 ° 25.520 ′ E; 8337 ft a. s. l.; 29 Mar. 2023; G. P. Mandal leg., reg. no. 3386 / H 14; NZC. Paratypes INDIA • 4 ♀♀ (on slides), 18 specs in alcohol; same collection data as for holotype; reg. no. 3387 / H 14; NZC.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313466FFCB107BF9CBBB105849.taxon	description	Description MEASUREMENTS. Average body length in adult up to 3 mm (Fig. 4 A – B). COLOUR. Ground colour pale yellow, blue pigment scattered as distinct patches all over body, especially on lateral side. Eye patches dark blue; blue transverse band between eyes; ventral side of head blue pigmented. Antennae pigmented, darker towards tip. Legs with blue pigment, furcula unpigmented (Fig. 4 A – B). SCALES. Scales of long basal rib type (Figs 4 D, 5 A); present on body and ventral manubrium. Antennae and legs devoid of scales. HEAD. Eyes 8 + 8, G and H smaller. Antenna 2.57 × as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segment ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 2.42: 2.26: 3.1. Ant. IV with bilobed apical bulb, many sensory setae and normal ciliated setae (Fig. 5 B). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy as Fig. 5 C, with four antennal (An), four median (M 1 – M 4) and seven sutural (S 0, S 2 – S 5, S 4 i, S 5 i) mac. Labral formula 4 / 5, 5, 5, prelabral setae ciliated and other smooth, four labral papillae each with 2 – 4 denticles (Figs 4 C, 5 D). Labial palp with a thick lateral process, tip not reaching at apex of labial papilla (Fig. 5 E). Labial triangular setae as MREL 1 L 2, all ciliated (Fig. 5 F). THORAX. Thoracic mac as Fig. 5 G; Th. II with two medio-sublateral (in figure T 2), nine posterior mac, Th. III with 13 mac on each side. Trochanteral organ with 15 – 17 smooth spiny setae, 11 – 12 in ‘ L’ arrangement and five present in inner area (Fig. 5 H). Unguis with 4 inner teeth, 1 paired basal and 2 unpaired, one external basolateral tooth present. Hind leg paired and two unpaired teeth distance from unguis base 21 µm, 32 µm, 40 µm respectively, between two unpaired teeth 8 µm. Unguiculus lanceolate with outer edge serrate, tenent hair thick and serrated with clavate tip (Figs 4 E, 6 A). ABDOMEN. Abd. IV 2.6 × as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd. I – IV as shown in Fig. 6 B – C. Abd. I with two central mac (m 3, m 4) and two sens. Abd. II with four central mac (a 2, m 3, m 3 e, m 5) and 6 – 7 lateral mesochaete, two sens. Abd. III with two central (a 2, m 3), four lateral mac (am 6, pm 6, p 6, m 7 a) and two two sens (Fig 6 B). Abd. IV with 8 central mac (A 4, A 6, A 6 e, A 7 e, B 4 – B 6, Si, Sm), 13 lateral mac and 7 S-setae (Fig. 6 C). Ventral tube with 4 + 4 anterior long and other 10 + 10 ciliated setae, 8 + 8 – 10 + 10 smooth lateral flap setae, posterior side with 1 + 1 smooth setae (Fig. 6 D). Tenaculum quadridentate with a stout single seta. Manubrial plaque with five ciliated seate, two pseudopores visible (Fig. 6 E). Basal part of dens a little thick, uncrenulated dens 2.45 × as long as mucro. Mucro bidented with single basal spine (Fig. 6 F).	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313466FFCB107BF9CBBB105849.taxon	discussion	Remarks Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov. is similar to W. ieti Yosii, 1971 in chaetotaxy pattern, although differs from the latter in having lanceolate hind unguiculus, spine number of trochanteral organ and absence of scale on antennae, details given in Table 4. The new species is closest to W. cassagnaui Zhang, 2015 for both species have no scales on Ant. I and legs. However, the latter has 3 + 3 mac on Abd. I and rounded labral papillae. Willowsia buski (Lubbock, 1870) and the new species share a similar body chaetotaxy though they differ in colour pattern, Abd. IV chaetotaxy, labral papillae structure, trochanteral setae number etc. (Table 4). A detailed comparison of all the related species of Willowsia with W. arunachalensis is given in Table 1 along with chaetotaxic comparison of the same (Table 2).	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313461FFD1102DFBA7BC5D5867.taxon	description	Figs 7 – 9, Tables 1 – 2	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313461FFD1102DFBA7BC5D5867.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined INDIA – Arunachal Pradesh • 1 ♀ (on slide), 48 specs in alcohol; West Kameng, Dirang; 27 ° 23.383 ′ N, 92 ° 11.464 ′ E, 5645 ft a. s. l., 25 Mar. 2023; G. P. Mandal leg.; reg no. 3382 / H 14; NZC • 1 ♀ (on slide), 5 specs in alcohol; West Kameng, Melonkgang bridge; 27 ° 23.668 ′ N, 92 ° 09.676 ′ E, 5950 ft a. s. l.; 25 Mar. 2023; G. P. Mandal leg.; reg no. 3383 / H 14; NZC • 1 ♀ (on slide), 14 specs in alcohol; West Kameng, Brokpublang; 27 ° 13.588 ′ N, 92 ° 24.413 ′ E; 5314 ft a. s. l., 26 Mar. 2023; P. Mandal leg.; reg no. 3384 / H 14; NZC • 1 ♀ (on slide), 20 specs in alcohol; West Kameng, near Kevin waterfall; 27 ° 13.627 ′ N, 92 ° 24.505 ′ E, 5335 ft a. s. l.; 26 Mar. 2023; K. K. Suman leg.; reg no. 3385 / H 14; NZC.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313461FFD1102DFBA7BC5D5867.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Average adult body length 1.8 – 2.4 mm. General body colour pale straw yellow, blue pigment patches scattered all over body, Abd. III – V almost completely pigmented, rest of segments become darker at lateral edges, head with diffused pigment; antennae and legs evenly pigmented (Fig. 7 A – B). Scales spinulate type (Fig. 8 A), present on body, antennae, ventral side of manubrium. Legs without scales. Antennal segment ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 2: 1.3 – 1.9: 2 – 3.4. Ant. IV with bilobed apical bulb. Ant. III organ with two rod-like sense organ. Head with five antennal (An), four median (M 1 – M 4), eight sutural (S 0 – S 6, S 4 i, S 5 i) setae (Fig. 8 B). Blunt and conical labral papilla without setae; labral setae formula as 4 / 4, 5, 4, prelabral setae ciliate, others smooth (Fig. 8 C). Labial triangle with five finely ciliated and five smooth setae. Lateral process of labial palp not reaching the base (Fig. 8 D). Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th. II as shown in the Fig. 8 E with two medio-median (m 2), four medio-lateral (m 4, m 4 i, m 4 p, m 5), 19 posterior mac and two sens. Th. III with 16 median, eight lateral mac and two sens (Fig. 8 E). Unguis with one outer, paired inner and one unpaired teeth. Unguiculus lanceolate with a serreted edge. Tenent hair with a clavate tip and slightly larger than unguis in length. Trochanteral organ with 37 – 40 smooth spiny setae (Fig. 8 F). Dorsal mac position as shown in Fig. 9. Abd. I with 4 mac (m 2 – m 4, m 4 i) and one sens, M 3 arch of Abd. II with four setae (m 3, m 3 ep, m 3 e, m 3 ea), inner area with one seta (a 3), m 5 present and two sens. Abd. III three central (a 2 – a 3, m 3) and five lateral setae (am 6, pm 6, p 6, m 7 a, p 7), three sens present. Abd. IV with nine dorso-central (A 3 – A 4, A 6, B 3 – B 6, Sm, Si), 12 – 16 lateral setae and 6 S-setae. Ventral tube with 5 + 5 anterior large and other small ciliated setae, 5 + 5 smooth and 12 – 14 ciliated setae on lateral flap, posterior side with 1 + 1 smooth setae. Tenaculum quadridented. Length ratio of manubrium: dens as 1: 1.26; dens uncrenulated part: mucro as 1.4: 1. Mucro bidented with a basal spine.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
03C13C313461FFD1102DFBA7BC5D5867.taxon	discussion	Remarks Most of the characters of the Indian specimens of W. shiae are similar as per the description of Pan et al. (2006); however, we have found that there are differences between them in dorsal head chaetotaxy; Th. II with two mac in Gr. I (T 1 in Fig. 8 E), three mac in Gr. II (T 2 in Fig. 8 E) and four mac in the p 1 row of Th. II, p 5 also present. Two sens present in each Th. segment. We have also named the mac of Th. II – III and Abd. I – IV following Zhang et al. (2019). Collected from the leaf litter of pine and other trees of tropical alpine forest.	en	Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar, Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar (2024): Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. European Journal of Taxonomy 935: 101-121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511
