identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CE87CC6B03FFBE6D8EFB5FFD1CFAD8.text	03CE87CC6B03FFBE6D8EFB5FFD1CFAD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang 1978	<div><p>Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang, 1978</p><p>Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang, 1978: 27 . Type species: Scymnus (Parapullus) secula Yang, by original designation. Paucus Duverger, 1990: 67. Type species: Coccinella abietis Paykull, 1798 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Body small, length 2.00– 2.60 mm. Antenna 10-segmented (Fig. 3). Prosternum with distinct intercoxal carinae, almost reaching the anterior margin (Fig. 7). Humeral calli distinct. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, never reaching lateral margin of ventrite (Fig. 6). Penis slender with developed capsule (Fig. 19). Parameres of the tegmen usually with two groups of long setae (Fig. 21).</p><p>Description. Body elongate oval, moderately convex, with pubescence, widest at the middle of elytra (Figs. 10–17).</p><p>Head relatively small; frons broad, weakly convex, finely punctuate, about one-half as wide as head; innerocular margin slightly arcuated. Clypeus slightly incurvate anteriorly. Antennae 10-segmented (Fig. 3), 1st antennomere stout, curved and slightly rounded on outer side; 2nd a little narrower than and two times as long as 1st, 3rd obviously longer than 4th. Antennal club compact, 3-segmented. Labrum transverse with lateral margin almost rounded. Mandible bifid apically with a molar tooth at the base (Fig. 4). Terminal maxillary palpomere stout with lateral margins almost parallel, apical strongly obliquely truncate (Fig. 1). Labial palps 3-segmented, terminal palpomere blunt (Fig. 2).</p><p>Pronotum moderately convex, lateral margins curved, at middle of length twice as wide as long. Pronotal hypomeron broad without delimited foveae. Prosternal process moderately wide, quadrate, with nearly parallel carinae, joining anterior margin (Fig. 7). Scutellum small, triangular. Elytra distinctly wider at base than pronotum. Humeral calli rather prominent. Disc finely punctured. Elytral epipleuron narrow and terminated at level of hind coxae. Abdomen with six ventrites. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete (Fig. 6), slightly recurved toward the base of ventrite. Leg slender and long, not expanding beyond the external boundary of the body (Fig. 5). Tarsi 4- segmented, claws slender, bifid, the inner tooth shorter and more curved than the outer one.</p><p>Remarks. There is little known about the biology of this subgenus. Yu et al. (2000) investigated the natural enemies of the hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and found a species, Scymnus (Parapullus) tsugae Yu and Yao, which was collected from the Chinese hemlock ( Tsuga spp.). However, it didn’t record this species as predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B03FFBE6D8EFB5FFD1CFAD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B03FFBD6D8EFFCDFA2AFE89.text	03CE87CC6B03FFBD6D8EFFCDFA2AFE89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) Parapullus	<div><p>Key to the species of Scymnus (Parapullus) from China</p><p>1. Elytra yellowish brown................................................................................. 2</p><p>- Elytra black with apical yellow........................................................................... 5</p><p>2. Edge of parameres nearly parallel in lateral view............................................................. 3</p><p>- Edge of parameres expanded, not parallel in lateral view....................................................... 4</p><p>3. Prosternal process rectangle, length 3 times width at base; parameres 2/3 length of penis guide in ventral view................................................................................................. parallelicus sp. nov.</p><p>- Prosternal process trapezoid, length 3.5 times width at base; parameres relatively broad, 3/4 length of penis guide in ventral view.................................................................................. malleatus sp. nov.</p><p>4. Penis guide slightly constricted near middle and converging gradually to a pointed tip in ventral view.................................................................................................... alishanensis Pang et Yu</p><p>- Penis guide narrowed at base, the widest at about 1/2 length and converging gradually to a pointed tip in ventral view............................................................................................. tsugae Yu et Yao</p><p>5. Elytral epipleuron and mesoventrite fuscous, metaventrite black except metepisternum fuscous.............. solus sp. nov.</p><p>- Elytral epipleuron black or fuscous with both margins black.................................................... 6</p><p>6. Elytral epipleuron fuscous except both margins black; metaventrite black except metepisterum fuscous; prosternal process</p><p>rectangle; penis with a hook-like apex...................................................... aduncatus sp. nov. - Elytral epipleuron black; metaventrite black; prosternal process trapezoid; penis with a sickle-like apex................. 7</p><p>7. Elytra black with apical 1/7 yellow; penis guide narrow, converging gradually apical to a pointed tip in ventral view................................................................................................... secula Yang</p><p>- Elytra black with apical 1/6 yellow; penis guide broad, converging abruptly apical to a pointed tip in ventral view.............................................................................................. nanlingicus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B03FFBD6D8EFFCDFA2AFE89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B00FFBD6D8EFBB7FDBFF98C.text	03CE87CC6B00FFBD6D8EFBB7FDBFF98C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) parallelicus	<div><p>1. Scymnus (Parapullus) parallelicus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1–8, 10, 18–22)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (P.) tsugae in general appearance, but can be distinguished from it by the following characters: penis guide nearly parallel at 2/3 length, gradually converging apically to a pointed tip in ventral view; parameres distinctly shorter than penis guide, 2/3 length of the latter.</p><p>Description. TL: 2.12–2.36 mm, TW: 1.44–1.64 mm, TH: 1.00– 1.12 mm, TL/TW: 1.44–1.47, PL/PW: 0.51– 0.53, EL/EW: 1.21–1.22.</p><p>Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, yellowish white pubescence (Fig. 10). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish white. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum and elytra reddish brown. Underside yellow except the mesoventrite and metaventrite reddish brown.</p><p>Head small, 0.58× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.68/1.16). Punctures on head dense and evenly separated by 0.5–2 diameters, with silvery white pubescence. Eyes small and almost oval, rather coarsely faceted, the widest interocular distance about 0.53× of head width. Pronotum about 0.73× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.20/1.64), pronotal punctures fine, sparse, and slightly larger than those on head, 1–2 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with sparse puncture, separated by 1–3 diameters. Prosternal carinae nearly parallel, extending to anterior margin. Prosternal process rectangle, length 3 times of width at the base (Fig. 7). Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, slightly recurved toward the base of ventrite (Figs. 6, 18). Area surrounded by the line evenly punctured, narrowly smooth along the line.</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis slender, penis capsules are quite differently from the other species (Fig. 19). Apex of penis with thread-like appendage (Fig. 20). Tegmen moderately stout, penis guide nearly parallel at 2/3 length, converging gradually apically to a pointed tip in ventral view (Fig. 22). Parameres distinctly shorter than penis guide, 2/3 length of the latter, obliquely truncate on distal margin, with two groups of uniform setae inserted in different directions (Fig. 21).</p><p>Female genitalia: coxites triangular, elongated, about 2.70 times as long as width at the base, tapering to blunt apices, outer and inner margin almost straight, each with several long terminal setae. Spermatheca C-shape, sclerotised (Fig. 8).</p><p>Types. Holotype male, No.SCAU (E) 13028, Maiji Mountain, Tianshui, Gansu, 10.VIII.2008, Ren SX Leg. Paratypes: 2 males, Maicaogou, Tianshui, Gansu, 28.VIII.2007, Liang JB Leg. 2 males, Maiji Mountain, Tianshui, Gansu, 1650m, 6.VIII.2009, Chen XS Leg. 1 male, Maiji Mountain, Tianshui, Gansu, 10.VIII.2008, Ren SX Leg. 1 female, Dangchuan, Tianshui, Gansu, 1600m, 5.VIII.2009, Chen XS Leg.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from Latin parallelicus referring to penis guide nearly parallel at 2/3 length in ventral view.</p><p>Distribution. China (Gansu)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B00FFBD6D8EFBB7FDBFF98C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B00FFBB6D8EFCB1FD95FE83.text	03CE87CC6B00FFBB6D8EFCB1FD95FE83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) malleatus	<div><p>2. Scymnus (Parapullus) malleatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 11, 23–27)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be identified by the following characters: penis capsule looks like a hammer and apex of penis with 8 to 10 minutely dentate, apically with a long, thread-like appendage. Its parameres relatively broad, shorter than penis guide, 3/4 length of the latter.</p><p>Description. TL: 2.28 mm, TW: 1.64 mm, TH: 1.00 mm, TL/TW: 1.39, PL/PW: 0.5, EL/EW: 1.17.</p><p>Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, golden yellow pubescence (Fig. 11). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish brown. Pronotum reddish brown. Scutellum and elytra reddish brown. Underside yellowish brown except the metaventrite reddish brown.</p><p>Head small, 0.57× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.68/1.20). Punctures on head similar with eye facets, separated by 1–2 diameters, with golden yellow pubescence. Eyes small, the widest interocular distance 0.47× of head width. Pronotum about 0.73× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.20/1.64), pronotal punctures fine, 1–2 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with dense punctures, separated by 1.5–2 diameters. Prosternal carinae nearly parallel, extending to anterior margin. Prosternal process trapezoid, length 3.5 times of width at the base. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete (Fig. 23). Area surrounded by the line evenly punctured, narrowly smooth along the line.</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis slender, penis capsule hammer-like in lateral view (Fig. 24). Apex of penis with 8 to 10 minutely dentate, apically with thread-like appendage, forming a round shape (Fig. 25). Tegmen moderately stout, penis guide nearly parallel, converges gradually apically to a pointed tip in ventral view (Fig. 27). Parameres relatively broad, distinctly shorter than penis guide, 3/4 length of the latter, apex with two groups of nearly uniform setae oriented in different directions (Fig. 26). Female genitalia unknown.</p><p>Type. Holotype male, No. SCAU (E) 13026, Liupan Mountain, Jingyuan, Ningxia, 10.VIII.2009, Chen XS Leg.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from Latin malleatus referring to penis capsule looks like a hammer in lateral view.</p><p>Distribution. China (Ningxia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B00FFBB6D8EFCB1FD95FE83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B06FFB86D8EFF5FFDADFE31.text	03CE87CC6B06FFB86D8EFF5FFDADFE31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) alishanensis Pang and Yu	<div><p>3. Scymnus (Parapullus) alishanensis Pang and Yu</p><p>(Figs. 12, 28–32)</p><p>Scymnus (Parapullus) alishanensis Pang et Yu, 1993: 230; Yu et al., 2000: 168; Pang et al., 2004: 82; Kovář, 2007: 584; Ren et al., 2009: 68.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (P.) tsugae in general appearance and male genitalia, but can be distinguished from it by the dilated of the pre-apex of penis. The shape of the parameres and penis guide is diagnostic.</p><p>Description. TL: 2.40 mm, TW: 1.65 mm, TH: 1.10 mm, TL/TW: 1.45, PL/PW: 0.48, EL/EW: 1.12.</p><p>Body oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, pale yellowish pubescence (Fig. 12). Head and antennae yellowish brown. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra reddish brown. Underside yellowish brown except metaventrite reddish brown.</p><p>Head small, 0.65× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.75/1.15). Punctures on head finer than eye facets, separated by 1–2 diameters, with white pubescence. Eyes small, the widest interocular distance 0.47× of head width. Pronotum 0.70× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.15/1.65), pronotal punctures larger than those on head, 1–1.5 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with densely punctures, separated by 1–2.5 diameters. Prosternal carinae extending to anterior margin, slightly convergent anteriorly. Prosternal process trapezoid, length 5.0 times of width at the base. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, slightly recurved toward the base of ventrite (Fig. 28). Area surrounded by the line evenly and sparsely punctured, relatively narrowly smooth along the line.</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis stout, with a developed penis capsule (Fig. 29), apex of penis forming a large hook (Fig. 30). Tegmen stout, penis guide slightly constricted near middle and converging gradually to a pointed tip in ventral view (Fig. 32). Parameres relatively broad, oblong, distinctly shorter than penis guide, apex with two groups long and uniform setae (Fig. 31). Female not examined.</p><p>Type. Paratype: 1 male, Alishan, Taiwan, 2400m, 10. VI. 1977, J. Klapperich Leg / Paratype (yellow label), 910520-1(hand writing) / Scymnus (Parapullus) alishanensis Pang et Yu (hand writing).</p><p>Distribution. China (Taiwan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B06FFB86D8EFF5FFDADFE31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B05FFB86D8EFBE9FDA9FA23.text	03CE87CC6B05FFB86D8EFBE9FDA9FA23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) tsugae Yu and Yao	<div><p>4. Scymnus (Parapullus) tsugae Yu and Yao</p><p>(Figs. 13, 33–37)</p><p>Scymnus (Parapullus) tsugae Yu et Yao, 2000: 168; Pang et al., 2004: 82; Kovář, 2007: 584.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species closely resembles S. (P.) alishanensis in general appearance, but can be distinguished from it by the penis. The tegmens are also diagnostic.</p><p>Description. TL: 2.40–2.48 mm, TW: 1.35–1.43 mm, TH: 1.05–1.10 mm, TL/TW: 1.73–1.78, PL/PW: 0.48– 0.54, EL/EW: 1.22–1.43.</p><p>Body oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, white pubescence (Fig. 13). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish brown. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra reddish brown. Underside fuscous except metaventrite reddish brown.</p><p>Head small, 0.58× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.70/1.20). Punctures on head densely and evenly, separated by 1–2 diameters, with white pubescence. Eyes small, the widest interocular distance 0.43× of head width. Pronotum 0.88× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.20/1.35), pronotal punctures fine and larger than those on head, 1–2 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with densely punctures, separated by 1–2.5 diameters. Prosternal carinae extending to anterior margin, slightly convergent anteriorly. Prosternal process trapezoid, length 4.5 times of width at the base. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, slightly recurved toward the base of ventrite (Fig. 33). Area surrounded by the line evenly punctured, relatively smooth along the line.</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis slender, with a developed penis capsule (Fig. 34), apex of penis simple (Fig. 35). Tegmen stout, penis guide slightly constricted near middle and converging gradually to a pointed tip in ventral view (Fig. 37). Parameres broad, distinctly shorter than penis guide, apex with two groups long and uniform setae (Fig. 36). Female genitalia unknown.</p><p>Types. Holotype male, (26.8N, 100.2 E), Lijiang, Yunnan, IV. 1996, Guoyue Yu Leg / No. 970722-3 / Scymnus (Parapullus) tsugae Yu &amp; Yao, sp. n. (red label). Paratype: 1 male with same data as holotype. / No. 10 / Scymnus (Parapullus) tsugae Yu &amp; Yao, sp. n. (yellow label)</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B05FFB86D8EFBE9FDA9FA23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B05FFB76D8EFFDAFDA7FD32.text	03CE87CC6B05FFB76D8EFFDAFDA7FD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) solus	<div><p>5. Scymnus (Parapullus) solus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 14, 38–42)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Scymnus (Parapullus) species by the apical parameres with only a group densely setae; elytral epipleuron and mesoventrite fuscous; metaventrite black except metepisternum fuscous.</p><p>Description. TL: 2.20–2.24 mm, TW: 1.48–1.56 mm, TH: 0.96–1.00 mm, TL/TW: 1.44–1.49, PL/PW: 0.55– 0.56, EL/EW: 1.22–1.23.</p><p>Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, yellowish white pubescence (Fig. 14). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellow. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum black with yellowish brown center. Elytra black with apical 1/6 yellow. Underside, prosternum yellow, elytral epipleuron and mesoventrite fuscous, metaventrite black except metepisternum fuscous.</p><p>Head small, 0.59× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.64/1.08). Punctures on head denser than eye facets, separated by 1–2.5 diameters, with silvery white pubescence. Eyes small and almost oval, rather coarsely faceted, the widest interocular distance 0.44× of head width. Pronotum 0.73× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.08/1.48), pronotal punctures fine, sparse, 1–4 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with fine, dense punctures, separated by 0.5–2 diameters. Prosternal carinae extending to anterior margin. Prosternal process trapezoid, length 4.0 times of width at the base. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, distinctly recurved toward the base of ventrite (Fig. 38). Area surrounded by the line evenly punctured, relatively broadly smooth along the line.</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis slender, with a distinctly penis capsule (Fig. 39). Apex of penis curved, forming a large hook (Fig. 40). Tegmen moderately stout, penis guide slightly narrow at base, converging gradually apically to a pointed tip in ventral view (Fig. 42). Parameres distinctly shorter than penis guide, obliquely truncate on outer distal margin, distal end with a group long and uniform setae (Fig. 41). Female genitalia unknown.</p><p>Types. Holotype male, No.SCAU (E) 13024, Maicaogou, Tianshui, Gansu, 28.VIII.2007, Liang JB Leg. Paratype: 1 male with same data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from Latin solus referring to an only group hairs at the apex of parameres.</p><p>Distribution. China (Gansu).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B05FFB76D8EFFDAFDA7FD32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B0AFFB76D8EF8EFFD95F8E6.text	03CE87CC6B0AFFB76D8EF8EFFD95F8E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) aduncatus	<div><p>6. Scymnus (Parapullus) aduncatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 9, 15, 43–47)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be identified by the following characters: elytral epipleuron is fuscous except both margins black; metaventrite is black except metepisternum fuscous. The male genitalia are diagnostic, especially the penis, with a large hook-like apex.</p><p>Description. TL: 2.32–2.56 mm, TW: 1.56–1.72 mm, TH: 1.00– 1.12 mm, TL/TW: 1.48–1.49, PL/PW: 0.50– 0.55, EL/EW: 1.27–1.28.</p><p>Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, yellowish white pubescence (Fig. 15). Head yellow except the base part testaceous. Eyes black. Pronotum yellowish white except the middle part castaneous. Scutellum black. Elytra black with apical 1/6 yellow. Underside, prothoracic hypomeron yellowish white, prosternum fulvous. Mesoventrite, mesepisternum and metepimeron fulvous. Metaventrite black except metepisternum fuscous. Elytral epipleuron fuscous except both margins black.</p><p>Head small, 0.57× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.64/1.12). Punctures on head finer than eye facets, separated by 1–2 diameters, with sparse, thin silvery white pubescence. Eyes small and almost oval, rather coarsely faceted, the widest interocular distance 0.50× of head width. Pronotum 0.72× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.12/1.56), pronotal punctures fine, sparse, 1–4 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with dense, even punctures, separated by 1–2.5 diameters. Prosternal carinae nearly parallel, extending to anterior margin. Prosternal process rectangle, length 2.0 times of width at the base. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, distinctly recurved toward the base of ventrite (Fig. 43). Area surrounded by the line evenly punctured, relatively narrowly smooth along the line.</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis slender, with a well-developed penis capsule (Fig. 44). Apex of penis curved, forming a large hook (Fig. 45). Tegmen moderately stout, penis guide slightly narrow at base, converging gradually apically to a pointed tip in ventral view (Fig. 47). Parameres slightly shorter than penis guide, obliquely truncate on outer distal margin, distal end with a group long and uniform setae; at 2/3 length of parameres inner side, with another group long and uniform hairs (Fig. 46).</p><p>Female genitalia: coxites triangular (Fig. 9), elongated, about 2.43 times as long as width, tapering to blunt apices, outer and inner margin almost straight, each with several long terminal setae. Spermatheca C-shape, sclerotised.</p><p>Types. Holotype male, No.SCAU (E) 13022, Liupan Mountain, Jingyuan, Ningxia, 2300m, 8.VIII.2009, Chen XS Leg. Paratypes: 8 males and 31 females with same data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from Latin aduncatus referring to a hooked apex of penis.</p><p>Distribution. China (Ningxia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B0AFFB76D8EF8EFFD95F8E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B08FFB56D8EFAA5FDADFB9E.text	03CE87CC6B08FFB56D8EFAA5FDADFB9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) secula Ya	<div><p>7. Scymnus (Parapullus) secula Ya n g</p><p>(Figs. 16, 48–52)</p><p>Scymnus (Parapullus) secula Yang, 1978: 27; Pang and Yu, 1993: 229; Yu et al., 2000: 167; Pang et al., 2004: 82; Kovář, 2007: 584; Ren et al., 2009: 68.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (P.) nanlingicus in general appearance, but can be distinguished by the elytra black with apical 1/7 yellow. The penis guide in ventral view is diagnostic.</p><p>Description. TL: 2.43 mm, TW: 1.55 mm, TH: 1.00 mm, TL/TW: 1.57, PL/PW: 0.45, EL/EW: 1.23.</p><p>Body oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, white pubescence (Fig. 16). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish brown. Pronotum yellowish brown. Scutellum black. Elytra black with apical 1/7 yellow. Underside yellowish brown except mesoventrite, metaventrite and elytral epipleuron black.</p><p>Head small, 0.59× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.65/1.10). Punctures on head smaller than eye facets, separated by 1–2 diameters, with white pubescence. Eyes small and almost oval, rather coarsely faceted, the widest interocular distance 0.54× of head width. Pronotum 0.71× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.10/1.55), pronotal punctures finer than those on head, 1–2 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with densely punctures, separated by 1–2.5 diameters. Prosternal carinae extending to anterior margin, slightly convergent anteriorly. Prosternal process trapezoid, length 3.5 times width at base. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, slightly recurved toward the base of ventrite (Fig. 48). Area surrounded by the line evenly and densely punctured, relatively narrowly smooth along the line.</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis slender, penis capsule with a distinctly quadrangle outer process (Fig. 49). Apex of penis curved, sickle-like (Fig. 50). Tegmen stout, penis guide straight, widest at base in lateral view (Fig. 51); in ventral view, penis guide narrow at base, converging gradually apical to a pointed tip (Fig. 52).Parameres shorter than penis guide, apex with two groups long and uniform setae (Fig. 51). Female genitalia unknown.</p><p>Type. Not examined.</p><p>Other specimen examined: 1 male: Alishan Mountain, Taiwan, 2400m, 10. VI. 1977, J. Klapperich Leg.</p><p>Distribution. China (Taiwan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B08FFB56D8EFAA5FDADFB9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
03CE87CC6B08FFB36D8EFE49FDFAFF62.text	03CE87CC6B08FFB36D8EFE49FDFAFF62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scymnus (Parapullus) nanlingicus	<div><p>8. Scymnus (Parapullus) nanlingicus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 17, 53–57)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. (P.) secula in general appearance but can be separated from it by the elytra black with apical 1/6 yellow. Besides, the penis guide is quite different from the latter in ventral view.</p><p>Description. TL: 2.08–2.32 mm, TW: 1.52–1.60 mm, TH: 1.00– 1.08 mm, TL/TW: 1.37–1.45, PL/PW: 0.52– 0.55, EL/EW: 1.16–1.20.</p><p>Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, yellowish white pubescence (Fig. 17). Head yellow, with eyes black. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum black. Elytra black with apical 1/6 yellow. Underside yellow except elytral epipleuron, mesoventrite and metaventrite black.</p><p>Head small, 0.55× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.64/1.16). Punctures on head moderately larger than eye facets, separated by 1–2 diameters, with silvery white pubescence. Eyes small and almost oval, rather coarsely faceted, the widest interocular distance 0.50× of head width. Pronotum 0.73× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.16/1.60), pronotal punctures fine, similar to those on head, 0.5–2.5 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with irregular punctures, moderately larger than those on pronotum, separated by 1–2 diameters. Prosternal carinae extending to anterior margin, nearly parallel, length 3 times of width at the base. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, distinctly recurved toward the base of ventrite (Fig. 53). Area surrounded by the line finely punctured, relatively broadly smooth along the line.</p><p>Male genitalia: Penis slender, extremely long, with a large penis capsule (Fig. 54). Apex of penis curved, sickle-like (Fig. 55). Tegmen stout, penis guide arcuate, widest at base in lateral view (Fig. 56); in ventral view, penis guide narrow at base, converging gradually apical to a pointed tip (Fig. 57).Parameres shorter than penis guide, apex with two groups long and uniform setae (Fig. 56). Female genitalia unknown.</p><p>Types. Holotype male, No.20050319042, Xiaohuangshan, Nanling, Guangdong, 1.X.2004, Wang XM Leg. Paratypes: 6 males with same data as holotype; 1 male, Qinshuigu, Nanling, Guangdong, 30.IX.2004, Wang XM Leg.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Nanling National Natural Reserve. Distribution. China (Guangdong).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87CC6B08FFB36D8EFE49FDFAFF62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Ren, Shun-Xiang;Wang, Xing-Min	Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang, Wang, Xing-Min (2012): Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Zootaxa 3174: 22-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279895
