taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CE9F1CFF9F0C41FF65F8CBEECEFCBE.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. “ Shell medium-large to large, reaching over 110 mm, from narrow fusiform to broad fusiform, with medium to high spire and short but distinct siphonal canal. Protoconch usually paucispiral of 1 – 2.5 smooth whorls, up to four whorls (Metula). Spire whorls evenly convex, without pronounced shoulder. Axial sculpture present or absent; when present, of distinct narrow and closely spaced axial ribs, crossing the spiral cords and forming reticulated sculpture pattern, often with regularly or irregularly spaced varices. Spiral sculpture of weak threads or fine, regularly set, beaded cords or strong spiral cords forming knobs at intersection with axials. Aperture medium to high, lanceolate due to sharp posterior corner. Outer lip usually lirate inside […]. Columella smooth, often heavily callused. ” (Kantor et al. 2022: 806).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9F0C41FF65F8CBEECEFCBE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The relationships of this family were discussed by Kantor et al. (2022) in their buccinoidean molecular phylogeny. The genera Colubraria Schumacher, 1817 and Metula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 occur in Paratethyan assemblages. Genus Colubraria Schumacher, 1817	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9F0C41FF65F8CBEECEFCBE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Colubraria granulata Schumacher, 1817 [= Colubraria muricata ([Lightfoot, 1786]), by monotypy. Present-day, Indo-West Pacific. Original diagnosis. “ Aperture oblong oval; outer lip with margin, internally plicate-dentate; inner lip callous, anteriorly thickened and detached. Columella varicose and with transverse folds. Rostrum short, open at both ends and canaliculate. ” (Schumacher 1817: 76, translated from Latin).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9F0C41FF65F8CBEECEFCBE.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Colubraria species inhabit shallow marine, rocky and coral environments in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate seas where they feed on the blood of fishes (Modica et al. 2015; Oliverio & Modica 2010). Colubraria is a rare element in the Paratethyan assemblages.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9C0C4DFF65FC67E843FC92.taxon	description	Figs 2 A – F, 3 A, 4 A – D * Triton (Epidromus) subobscurum nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1884: 181, pl. 22, figs 4 – 7. Triton (Epidromus) Karreri nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1884: 182, pl. 22, figs 8 – 10.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9C0C4DFF65FC67E843FC92.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1874 / 0025 / 0021, SL: 20.2 mm, MD: 8.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 4), Figs 2 E 1 – E 3. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0183, SL: 25.0 mm, MD: 11.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 5), Figs 2 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0170, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 10.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 6), Figs 2 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0001, SL: 29.1 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 7), Figs 2 F 1 – F 2. Illustrated material. NHMW 1859 / 0037 / 0018 a, SL: 40.6 mm, MD: 16.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 2 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1859 / 0037 / 0018 b, SL: 32.4 mm, MD: 13.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 2 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0002, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 3 A. NHMW 1856 / 0007 / 0031, SL: 28.8 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 8) as Colubraria karreri, Figs 4 A 1 – A 3. NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0272, SL: 19.1 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 9) as Colubraria karreri, Figs 4 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0272 a, SL: 21.9 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 10) as Colubraria karreri, Figs 4 C 1 – C 2. SMF 373155 (old number XII 2565 a), holotype of Ranella kostejana Boettger, 1902, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 4 D 1 – D 2. Additional material. 5 spec., NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0003, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 15 spec., NHMW 1859 / 0037 / 0018, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 11 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0043 / 0033, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). 10 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0272, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Medium-sized, solid, moderately slender fusiform shell; apical angle 40 – 45 °. Protoconch of about 2.5 whorls (nucleus not preserved), diameter ~ 900 μm, height> 800 μm. Teleoconch of up to nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls convex with deeply incised suture. Sculpture of four spiral cords on first teleoconch whorl overriding narrow axial ribs bearing rounded beads at intersections, number of cords increasing to about eight on penultimate whorl by intercalation of secondary cords that rapidly become equal in strength. Starting from aperture, penultimate varix just under 360 degrees behind terminal varix; next varix about 270 – 300 ° behind penultimate. Earlier whorls with usually two varices per whorl, irregularly placed or aligned axially in some specimens. Last whorl attaining 52 – 56 % of total height, regularly convex, base moderately constricted, bearing about 28 – 33 axial rows of spirally arranged beads, single secondary cord intercalated between primaries at periphery; fasciole weak, covered in prominent spiral cords. Aperture elongate, moderately narrow. Columella excavated in adapical half. Columellar callus forming thick, broad shield-like callus bearing several irregular denticles and granules in abapical half and two denticles at anal canal. Anal canal deeply incised, accentuated by parietal denticle. Outer lip weakly thickened with about 11 prominent, elongated denticles place close behind peristome. Prominent terminal varix. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately narrow, slightly deflected to the left, shallowly notched. Paratethyan synonyms. Colubraria karreri (Hoernes & Auinger, 1884) is based on subadult specimens, which lack the characteristic shield-like columellar callus. This synonymy is supported by the fact that both ‘ species’ co-occur. As first revisers we give Colubraria subobscura (Hoernes & Auinger, 1884) precedence over Colubraria karreri (Hoernes & Auinger, 1884). Ranella kostejana Boettger, 1902, from CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), is a subjective junior synonym of Colubraria subobscura (Hoernes & Auinger, 1884). It is based on a juvenile specimen.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9C0C4DFF65FC67E843FC92.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The growth rate of Colubraria subobscura is fairly constant, whereas in other colubrariids the growth rate is often irregular causing the whorl profile to be cyrtoconoid or the whorls tilted in relation to each other. Few Colubraria species have been described from the Miocene of the Circum-Mediterranean region. Colubraria miocaenica (Michelotti, 1847), from the Langhian of the Colli Torinesi, is a slenderer species with high whorls and sculpture of delicate beads (see Bellardi 1873: pl. 14, fig. 14). The specimen illustrated by Bellardi (1873) lacks the apex and is highly reminiscent of Caducifer Dall, 1904 [type species Triton truncatus Hinds, 1844; present-day, Indo-West Pacific]. In any case it is clearly unrelated to the Paratethyan species. Colubraria miocaenica sensu Cossmann, 1903 [non Michelotti, 1847], from the Early Miocene of France, is more similar to Colubraria subobscura and differs mainly in its slightly coarser sculpture and the subobsolete parietal denticle (see Cossmann 1903: pl. 4, figs 4 – 5). Lozouet (2021) proposed a placement of Colubraria miocaenica sensu Lozouet, 2021 [non Michelotti, 1847], from the Early Miocene of France, in Cumia Bivona, 1838 [type species Cumia decussata Bivona e Bernardi, 1838 = Cumia intertexta (Helbling, 1779), by monotypy, present-day, Mediterranean Sea]. According to Watters (2009: 272), Cumia species differ from Colubraria species in the character of their protoconch. Cumia has a small, papillate paucispiral protoconch suggestive of direct development, whereas Colubraria has a tall mammillate or conical multispiral protoconch suggesting at least a lecithotrophic larval phase. However, the importance of protoconch type in generic separation is questionable in the absence of other teleoconch characters, as planktotrophy is lost in so many gastropod genera. We await molecular data to confirm the separation of these two genera. In any case, the protoconchs of Colubraria subobscura and Colubraria miocaenica correspond to the larger, conical type typical for Colubraria. The extant, cosmopolitan Colubraria obscura (Reeve, 1844) differs in the less incised suture, slightly higher whorls, lacks the prominent granulae on the columellar callus and has less pointed beads. Paleoenvironment. Unknown, probably derived from shallow marine environments corresponding to extant congeners (Modica et al. 2015; Oliverio & Modica 2010).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9C0C4DFF65FC67E843FC92.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Vicián et al. 2017); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1884; Zilch 1934; Kovács 2022); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Urovene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Genus Metula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9C0C4DFF65FC67E843FC92.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Buccinum clathratum A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 [= Metula amosi Vanatta, 1913], subsequent designation by Kobelt (1876: 39). Present-day, Eastern Pacific. Revised diagnosis. “ Shell medium-sized, moderately slender to very slender, whorls not or only slightly constricted at suture, body whorls very long. Nucleus stout, consisting of almost two smooth whorls. Aperture very long, narrow, elliptical, tapering to an acute angle at the posterior end, constricted at anterior end to form a short wide slightly recurved moderately emarginate canal. Siphonal fasciole low. Edge of inner lip forming a definite edge along pillar and parietal wall. Outer lip varicose, its inner edge bearing broad denticles that may be extended into short lirations. ” (Woodring 1928: 285; see also Cernohorsky 1971: 151 for Acamptochetus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF9C0C4DFF65FC67E843FC92.taxon	discussion	Discussion. MolluscaBase Eds. (2023 b) lists the following genera as synonyms of Metula: Acamptochetus Cossmann, 1901, Agassitula Olsson & Bayer, 1972, Antemetula Rehder, 1943, Antimitra Iredale, 1917, Colubrarina Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda et al. 1971 and Floritula Olsson & Bayer, 1972. Of these, Acamptochetus [type species Murex mitraeformis Brocchi, 1814, original designation by Cossmann (1901: 123), Pliocene, Mediterranean Sea] has frequently been used for Paratethyan and Mediterranean species. Protoconch features are important for the identification of extant Metula species (Bouchet 1988). Recently, Lozouet (2021) documented that protoconchs were also important to distinguish Oligocene and Miocene species of this genus, which is also confirmed herein. Metula species occur in deep water environments (Houbrick 1984; Bozzetti 1993).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF900C4CFF65FC8AEE10F9E3.taxon	description	Figs 3 B, 5 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF900C4CFF65FC8AEE10F9E3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0078, SL: 24.3 mm, MD: 9.3 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 3), Figs 5 B 1 – B 3; Fig. 3 B. Paratypes: NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0434, SL: 29.8 mm, MD: 11.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 2), Figs 5 A 1 – A 2. Additional paratypes: M. 60.6916 / 1, SL: 26.8, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Kovács 2022: figs 10 – 11. M. 60.10503, SL: 26.3, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Kovács 2022: figs 12 – 13. Type locality. CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF900C4CFF65FC8AEE10F9E3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Zoltán Kovács (Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music, Budapest), in recognition for his contributions on Paratethyan paleontology.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF900C4CFF65FC8AEE10F9E3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, relatively broad fusiform shell with convex whorls and high last whorl, characterized by delicate, regular sculpture of axially and spirally arranged rounded or subquadrate beads, varices relatively weak, elongate ovate aperture with weak columellar callus and narrow row of small denticles close behind peristome.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF900C4CFF65FC8AEE10F9E3.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, relatively broad fusiform shell of six teleoconch whorls; apical angle 48 – 52 °. Protoconch multispiral, high conical of three whorls, first whorl convex, second with faint keel just above abapical suture, last protoconch whorl high, weakly convex; diameter 900 μm, height: 1200 μm. Early teleoconch whorls convex with incised suture, bearing close-set axial ribs separated by narrow interspaces and five spiral cords, forming densely spaced rounded to subquadrate beads; abapically beads arranged in rows spirally and axially. Suture undulating around varices. Last whorl moderately high, attaining ~ 62 % of total height, base slowly contracting, fasciole indistinct, bearing 11 spiral rows and about 40 axial rows of beads. About 1.5 broad, irregularly spaced, low and broad varices per whorl. Aperture moderately narrow, elongate ovate. Columella strongly excavated mid-aperture, smooth. Columellar callus forming thin, broad, adherent rim, thinning in parietal region. Anal canal moderately wide. Outer lip weakly thickened with 11 – 18 distinct denticles placed slightly behind peristome. Terminal varix broad, low. Siphonal canal moderately short and narrow, slightly deflected to the left, shallowly notched at tip.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF900C4CFF65FC8AEE10F9E3.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Kovács (2022) proposed placement of this Paratethyan species in Cumia Bivona, 1838. Cumia species are reminiscent of Colubraria and according to Watters (2009: 272), Cumia and Colubraria are distinguished mainly based on protoconch features (see above). The fewer and weaker varices, the regular growth, the weak columellar callus and the comparatively weak outer lip of the Paratethyan species exclude a close relation with Colubraria or Cumia but suggests placement in the genus Metula. Metula kovacsi nov. sp. was identified by Hoernes & Auinger (1890) as Metula deshayesi (Michelotti, 1847) from the Burdigalian of Termô-Fôurà and Baldissero (Colli Torinesi, Italy) (Michelotti 1847: 250; Bellardi 1873: 229, pl. 14, figs 15 a – b). Metula kovacsi is indeed reminiscent of the Italian species in its delicate sculpture but differs in its weaker fasciole and longer siphonal canal. Moreover, Metula deshayesi is much larger than M. kovacsi. We are not aware of such intraspecific variability in shell size in extant Metula species and therefore we consider the size difference as important feature. Metula reticulata (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840), from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), differs in its even finer, somewhat cancellate rather than beaded sculpture and the slightly higher whorls; its last whorl is weakly shouldered and not evenly rounded (see Bellardi 1873: pl. 11, fig. 9; Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: figs 15 H – I). The extant Metula inflata (Houbrick, 1984), from the Indo-West Pacific, is reminiscent of Metula kovacsi but differs in its less incised suture and less concave neck. Metula africana Bouchet, 1988 is another similar extant species, which differs most notably in its higher last whorl. Paleoenvironment. Unknown; the collections from Lăpugiu de Sus indicate a mixing of coastal-inner neritic and middle / outer neritic elements. Extant Metula species inhabit deeper water environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF900C4CFF65FC8AEE10F9E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022; hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF910C49FF65F95BE836FD02.taxon	description	Figs 3 C 1 – C 2, 6 A – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF910C49FF65F95BE836FD02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1874 / 0025 / 0040, SL: 35.4 mm, MD: 11.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 6 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0094, SL: 32.3 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 6 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0206, SL: 36.4 mm, MD: 11.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 6 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0209, SL: 33.9 mm, MD: 13.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 6 D. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0277, SL: 28.0 mm, MD: 9.1 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 7), Fig. 6 E. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0277 a, SL: 14.4 mm, MD: 5.7 mm, Baden (Austria), Fig. 3 C 1 – C 2. Additional paratypes. 6 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0186, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 4 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0170, Möllersdorf (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0085, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1872 / 0030 / 0102, Baden (Austria); 20 spec., NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0345, Baden (Austria). Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF910C49FF65F95BE836FD02.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Alice Schumacher (NHMW), who made all the hundreds of pictures of the gastropods described in our series on Paratethyan gastropods.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF910C49FF65F95BE836FD02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell with protoconch of three whorls, weakly shouldered early teleoconch whorls bearing tubercles and axial ribs, later teleoconch whorls with numerous very narrow, crowded spiral cords, outer lip finely denticulate.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF910C49FF65F95BE836FD02.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell; apical angle 38 – 43 °. Conical protoconch of 3.2 convex whorls, last protoconch whorl with delicate spiral cord just above abapical suture; diameter: 1000 μm, height: 1200 μm. Teleoconch of up to six whorls. Early teleoconch whorls high, faintly shouldered. First teleoconch whorl with row of pointed tubercles at shoulder and narrow, widely spaced axial ribs. Second and third teleoconch whorls with additional row of tubercles at adapical suture and two weaker spiral rows below shoulder; tubercles arranged along weakly opisthocline axial ribs. Delicate spiral threads below mid whorl. Tubercles weaken then disappear on third and fourth whorls. Primary spiral cords weaken; synchronously numerous spiral threads appear on fourth to fifth teleoconch whorls. Penultimate and last whorl covered by numerous narrow spiral cords separated by narrow grooves. Shoulder fading out on fourth teleoconch whorl; subsequent whorls evenly convex. Suture on last whorl strongly oblique on dorsal side and rising in apical direction behind aperture. Last whorl high, attaining 62 – 65 % of total height, base slowly constricting, with shallow neck, fasciole indistinct; only terminal varix developed. Aperture narrow, elongate ovate. Columella weakly excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, broad rim, delimited from base by onset of spiral cords. Outer lip slightly thickened bearing row of small elongated denticles placed close behind peristome. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately wide, slightly deflected to the left, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF910C49FF65F95BE836FD02.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was identified so far as Metula major (Grateloup, 1845) [= Metula submitraeformis (d’Orbigny, 1852)] from the Burdigalian of the Aquitaine Basin. Both species are indeed very similar, but the descriptions by Lozouet (2021: pl. 7, figs 1 – 4) allow a clear separation. Metula major has a paucispiral protoconch and the first teleoconch whorls develop cancellate sculpture. In contrast, Metula aliceae nov. sp. has a planktotrophic protoconch and the early teleoconch whorls have small tubercles. The two species cannot be separated based on teleoconch characters. Metula mitraeformis (Brocchi, 1814), from the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea, is also very similar in size and shape but differs in the mammillate protoconch, the presence of a spiral row of pointed tubercles below the adapical suture on the first teleoconch whorl and the weaker axial sculpture on early teleoconch whorls (see Chirli 2000: pl. 22, figs 1 – 6; Garilli & Galletti 2007: figs 4 / 1 – 3; Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: figs 15 A – G). Hoernes & Auinger (1890) illustrated a large specimen from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (SL: 58 mm, MD: 20 mm) as Triton (Epidromus) elongatum (Michelotti, 1847). That species was originally described from the Burdigalian of Baldissero (Italy) (Michelotti 1847: 280 as Fusus elongatus mihi). The syntype (or holotype) of the Italian species was illustrated by Bellardi (1873: 230, pl. 14, figs 16 a – c) as ‘ Triton elongatum (Michtti.) ’, attaining 70 mm in height. As already discussed by Hoernes & Auinger (1890), Metula elongata differs from the Paratethyan species in the more convex whorls, deeper suture, lower aperture and the cancellate sculpture persists to the fifth teleoconch whorl but fades earlier in the specimen illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1890). Unfortunately, the specimen from Lăpugiu de Sus is lost, and it remains unclear if it is an exceptionally large Metula aliceae or another, yet undescribed species. Because information on protoconch morphology is important for the identification, literature data is difficult to evaluate. The specimen from the Serravallian of Turkey, described by Landau et al. (2013) as Acamptochetus submitraeformis might be conspecific with Metula aliceae, but lacks the protoconch. A specimen from the Early / Middle Miocene of the North Sea Basin, described as Acamptochetus submitraeformis (d’Orbigny, 1852) by A. W. Janssen (1984: pl. 62, fig. 3) is neither Metula aliceae nor Metula major and differs from both species in its very prominent sculpture on the spire whorls. Occurrences from the Early Miocene of Bavaria, described by Hölzl (1958) as Acamptochetus submitraeformis and by Steininger (1973) as Acamptochetus cf. submitraeformis, might represent Metula major, but the preservation does not allow a clear identification. Similarly, occurrences from the Ottnangian (Early Miocene) of Upper Austria, listed by Rupp & Van Husen (2007) and Rupp (2008) as Acamptochetus submitraeformis are most probably based on misidentifications, or will at least need verification. Paleoenvironment. Occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic environments in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF910C49FF65F95BE836FD02.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Möllersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Vicián et al. 2017; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; Kovács 2022).? Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Akpınar Turkey (Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Montanaro 1935).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF950C48FF65FECBE884FC6A.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. “ Shell medium-sized to very large, over 400 mm, varying from broadly ovate with very short canal to fusiform with moderately long canal, or narrowly fusiform with very long siphonal canal. Protoconch paucispiral, medium-large. Axial sculpture from weak to strong, from growth lines to prominent axial ribs, knobs or long spines on shoulder. Spiral sculpture represented by strong cords of variable strength. Aperture elongate, inner lip often with pronounced parietal callus. Shell colour varying from light to dark brown, sometimes with spiral bands; shell often covered with periostracum. ” (Kantor et al. 2022: 834).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF950C48FF65FECBE884FC6A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Of the genera placed in Melongenidae by Kantor et al. (2022), only Melongena Schumacher, 1817 occurs in the Miocene of the Paratethys Sea. In addition, Pugilina Schumacher, 1817 was documented by Kovács & Vicián (2016) from the Egerian (Chattian) of Hungary (Pugilina katalinae Kovács & Vicián, 2016) but Paleogene species are not included herein. Genus Melongena Schumacher, 1817	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF950C48FF65FECBE884FC6A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Melongena fasciata Schumacher, 1817 [= Melongena melongena (Linnaeus, 1758)], by monotypy. Present-day, Caribbean Sea. Original diagnosis. “ Aperture oval-oblong, anteriorly constricted; rostrum short, straight; open canal; outer lip sharp; inner lip callous; columella imperforate. ” (Schumacher 1817: 64, translated from Latin).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF950C55FF65FBD3E909F9F2.taxon	description	Figs 8 A – D P [yrula]. Melongena Lam. — Grateloup 1845: pl. 26, figs 1, 7, pl. 28, figs 12, 15 [non Melongena melongena (Linnaeus, 1758)]. * P [yrula]. Cornuta — Agassiz 1843: 89.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF950C55FF65FBD3E909F9F2.taxon	description	P [yrula]. Cornuta — Cossmann 1901: 86, pl. 5, fig. 11.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF950C55FF65FBD3E909F9F2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Not defined. Agassiz (1843: 89) mentioned occurrences from the region around Bordeaux (Burdigalian) without referring to specific specimens. From the text alone, it is not even clear if he had specimens at hand. Specimens described by de Basterot (1825: 68) from the Burdigalian of Saint-Paul-lès-Dax (France) are listed as syntypes in the collection of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris) (MNHN. F. A 70864), but this is incorrect, because Agassiz (1843) did not refer to de Basterot (1825). Illustrated material. NHMW 1858 / 0015 / 0124, SL: 106.1 mm, MD: 84.0 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic), Figs 8 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0065, SL: 79.2 mm, MD: 58.7 mm, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger 1890: pl. 28, fig. 14), Figs Figs 8 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0507, SL: 175 mm, MD: 139 mm, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), Figs 8 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0071, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 58.1 mm, MD: 44.8 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 30, fig. 2), Figs 8 D 1 – D 2. Additional material. Karpatian (Early Miocene): NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0065, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 197 mm, MD: 145 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 30, fig. 1); 1 spec., NHMW 1861 / 0050 / 0106, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1849 / 0004 / 0018, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0506, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 1849 / 0004 / 0019, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1859 / 0010 / 0015, Rückersdorf (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0651, Weinsteig (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0238, Weinsteig (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0537, Grossrussbach (Austria). Badenian (Middle Miocene): 1 spec., NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0321, Baden (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0679, Baden (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0032, Grund (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0712, Grund (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0365, Gamlitz (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0366, Gamlitz (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0038 / 0019, Ritzing (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0538, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic); 1 spec., NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0109, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania); 2 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0457, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Large to very large, very robust, broad shell of up to six whorls. Apical angle ~ 70 – 80 °, rapidly increasing during ontogeny. Protoconch unknown. First two or three teleoconch whorls strongly coronate at shoulder placed below mid-whorl. Surface smooth except for delicate growth lines or delicate spiral threads on very broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp. Subsequent whorls forming prominent subsutural collar covering shoulder of preceding whorl, often resulting in suture strongly undulating around shoulder tubercles. Last whorl high, attaining up to 90 % of total height, with very broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp, usually delimited by strong shoulder, rarely with convex periphery, bearing large, widely spaced, often pointed tubercles of very variable morphology, conical mid-whorl, base weakly concave; sculpture variable, ranging from smooth, except for growth lines, to distinct spiral sculpture of broad, often slightly undulating cords over base; oblique spiral row of smaller pointed tubercles delimiting base; fasciole prominent, broad, bearing strongly developed lamellar growth lines. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella slightly twisted, straight or weakly excavated in adapical half. Columellar callus very broad, relatively thin, well delimited from base and fasciole. Fasciole and abapical part of columella forming characteristic broad, flattened area. Anal canal distinctly incised. Outer lip rarely preserved, moderately thickened, thinning towards edge, smooth within. Siphonal canal moderately short, very wide. Paratethyan synonyms. Several varieties and subspecies names have been established for French and Italian specimens based on variations in size and sculpture (e. g., Melongena cornuta tudicloides (Mylius, 1891); Melongena cornuta semispinosa Dollfus, 1888; Melongena cornuta minor Dollfus, 1888 [non G. B. Sowerby III, 1879]; Melongena cornuta bispinosa Dollfus, 1888 [non R. A. Philippi, 1844)]; Melongena cornuta patuloidea Dollfus 1888 (Dollfus 1888; Sacco 1904). Four names have been established for Paratethyan occurrences: Melongena cornuta gauderndorfensis (Schaffer 1912), from the Eggenburgian (Burdigalian) of Gauderndorf (Austria), represents specimens with completely reduced nodes at the convex periphery. Melongena cornuta pseudobasilica Strausz, 1943, from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Pécsvárad (Hungary), is based on dwarfed specimens. Melongena cornuta hungarica Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1950, from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Hidas (Hungary), is a subadult specimen with relatively prominent spiral sculpture on the subsutural ramp. Galeodes cornuta palatina Strausz, 1954, from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Várpalota (Hungary), represents juvenile shells with coronate spire whorls and prominent spiral cords on the youngest preserved whorls.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF950C55FF65FBD3E909F9F2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is enormously variable concerning size, shape and sculpture. (note the considerable size difference between Figs 8 C and 8 D!). Comparable variability is observed in populations of the extant western Atlantic Melongena melongena (Linnaeus, 1758) and Melongena corona Gmelin, 1791 (Bruggeman-Nannenga & Hummelinck 1986; Karl & Hayes 2023). Genetic data of Melongena corona did not support the various morphosubspecies described in the literature but documented a single, albeit clearly geographically genetically structured, species (Karl & Hayes 2023). Therefore, we assume that the various ‘ subspecies’ and ‘ varieties’ of Melongena cornuta result from a comparable intraspecific plasticity. The largest Paratethyan specimens, attaining more than 20 cm in height, are found in the Karpatian of the Korneuburg Basin and Badenbian of Hungary. Comparable gigantic specimens are found in the Langhian of the northeastern Atlantic of the Touraine (France). Late Badenian (Serravallian) specimens of the Paratethys Sea are generally small and have reduced sculpture. Therefore, the huge size might correlate with the duration of the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Nevertheless, at Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), from where several gigantic specimens derive, small and dwarfed specimens co-occur in large numbers. In the Paratethys, Melongena cornuta was most common during the Karpatian (late Burdigalian), when Avicennia mangroves flourished (Harzhauser et al. 2002). The successive decline of mangroves during the late Langhian and their loss during the Serravallian, followed the cooling at the Miocene Climate Transition (Shevenell et al. 2004; Westerhold et al. 2020) and was also reflected by a decline of potamidid diversity (Harzhauser et al. 2023 a, b). Interestingly, the probably mangrove-associated potamidid Ptychopotamides cinctus (Bruguière, 1792) displays the same pattern of abundance and occurrence as Melongena cornuta, which is an additional hint that both species preferred the same habitat. Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, intertidal, probably in Avicennia mangroves (Harzhauser 2002).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF950C55FF65FBD3E909F9F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: St. Gallen (Switzerland) (Rutsch 1929); Gernergraben, Kaltenbachgraben (Germany) (Hölzl 1958); Gauderndorf (Austria) (Schaffer 1912); Pannonian Basin: Budafok-Budapest (Hungary) (Steininger et al. 1971); Dubova Region (Romania) (Stancu et al. 1971). Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Grossrussbach, Weinsteig, Niederkreuzstetten, Stetten, Teiritzberg (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002, hoc opus). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Borský Mikuláš (Czech Republic) (Švagrovský 1982); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Borsod, Hidas, Letkés, Pécsvárad, Sámsonháza, Várpalota (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Krško Basin: Dolenja Brezovica, Gorenje Vrhpolje (Slovenia) (Mikuž 2009); Banat: Zorlenţul Mare (Romania) (Florei & CriŞan 1967); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022; hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Opanec (Bulgaria), Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960; Nikolov 1994). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Rio della Batteria, Termô-Fôurà, Baldissero (Italy) (Bellardi 1873); Mesohellenic Basin: Argos Orestikon, Damaskinea, Odria (Greece) (own data, M. H.); Sivas Basin: İŞhan (Turkey) (Stchepinsky 1939). Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian and Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Cestas, Léognan, Mérignac, Saint-Paul-lès-Dax, Saucats (France) (Peyrot 1928); Langhian and Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Salles, Salies-de-Béarn, Saubrigues (France) (Peyrot 1928); Touraine (France) (Dollfus 1888).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF880C54FF65F92BEF1DFF52.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell medium-sized to large, from slightly over 10 mm to 100 mm, from ovate to narrowly fusiform. Siphonal canal from nearly absent (Thermosipho) to long (Manaria). Protoconch small, often eroded, paucispiral when known, with less than two whorls. Spire whorls usually evenly convex, rarely shouldered mainly due to axial sculpture. Axial sculpture either absent (Thermosipho and ‘ Aulacofusus ’ hiranoi) or represented by very weak to strong ribs or wide, rounded folds. Spiral sculpture (except Thermosipho with smooth shell) of distinct cords of uneven strength, breadth and density. In Eclectofusus sculpture forms a reticulated pattern due to the intersection of narrow axial ribs and broadly spaced spiral cords. Aperture ovate or elongate, with smooth inner and outer lip, or bearing labral tooth (Preangeria) ”. (Kantor et al. 2022: 810).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF890C54FF65FBE8E93BF8DB.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Gailleagrassor paratethyca nov. sp.; Middle Miocene, Austria.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF890C54FF65FBE8E93BF8DB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Moderately large, elongate fusiform shell with cancellate sculpture on early teleoconch whorls, abapically sculpture of prominent narrow, flat spiral cords, typically with one weaker secondary intercalated between primaries.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF890C54FF65FBE8E93BF8DB.taxon	description	Description. As for type species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF890C54FF65FBE8E93BF8DB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Combination of Gaillea and Calagrassor, referring to the intermediate position of the new genus. Included species. Only the type species is known. Stratigraphic and geographic range. Badenian / Langhian (Middle Miocene), Central Paratethys Sea. Paleoenvironment. Unknown; probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF890C54FF65FBE8E93BF8DB.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Gailleagrassor is reminiscent of Calagrassor and Gaillea Kantor, Puillandre, Fraussen, Fedosov & Bouchet, 2013 [type species Eosipho coriolis Bouchet & Warén, 1986; present-day, Philippines]. The strongly differentiated sculpture of primary and secondary spiral cords distinguishes Gailleagrassor from Calagrassor, which has spiral cords of equal size (Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2016 b). All extant Gaillea species differ from the fossil Paratethyan species in their broader, ovoid shape and they lack broad, flat spiral cords. Moreover, all Indo-West Pacific Gaillea species are characterized by an angulate shoulder, differing clearly from Gailleagrassor. In contrast, the Caribbean Buccinum canetae Clench & Aguayo, 1944, which is currently placed in Gaillea (e. g., Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2016 b), has rounded whorls like the Paratethyan species. No molecular data are available to prove the placement of the Caribbean species in Gaillea and based on the different morphology, we suspect, that ‘ Gaillea’ canetae (Clench & Aguayo, 1944) might turn out to belong to a different genus. Indeed, ‘ Gaillea ’ canetae could be closer related to Gailleagrassor paratethyca than the IWP species of Gaillea. Nevertheless, the two species are unlikely to be congeneric because the Caribbean species differs in its relatively broader shell, the narrower spiral cords, and the presence of fold-like opisthocyrt axial ribs (see Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2016 b; figs 74 – 75).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	description	Figs 10 A – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0204 a, SL: 67.4 mm, MD: 28.3 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 10 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0204 b, SL: 63.0 mm, MD: 24.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 10 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0714 a, SL: 70.7 mm, MD: 30.5 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 10 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0714, SL: 74.7 mm, MD: 35.7 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 1), Figs 10 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 1861 / 0050 / 0077, SL: 61.6 mm, MD: 27.0 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Fig. 10 E. Additional paratypes. 1 spec., NHMW 2013 / 0300 / 0325, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0474, Forchtenau (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW A 1441, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 5 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0204, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 6 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0093, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 6 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0030 / 0203, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 1 spec., NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0110, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania); 7 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0962, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic); 2 spec., NHMW A 717, Ostrava (Czech Republic). Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Moderately large, elongate fusiform shell with cancellate sculpture on early teleoconch whorls, abapically sculpture of prominent narrow, flat spiral cords, typically with one weaker secondary intercalated between primaries.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	description	Description. Moderately large, elongate fusiform shell of up to six teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 44 – 49 °. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls with prominent, broad, prosocline axial ribs, overrun by five spiral cords (strongly abraded in all available specimens), forming weak, spirally elongated tubercles. Whorl profile weakly convex with flat subsutural ramp, periphery slightly below mid-whorl. Suture weakly incised. Axial sculpture weakening abapically, restricted to abapical half of whorls. Penultimate whorl with about ten primary and secondary spiral cords. Last whorl ovate, attaining ~ 70 % of total height, broadly convex with maximum convexity at periphery, bearing sculpture of narrow, flattened primary spiral cords with one secondary intercalated between each pair of primaries, difference between primary and secondary cords most noticeable over weakly constricted base; secondary cords may attain same strength as primaries in some specimens (Figs 10 D 1 – D 2); prominent rounded fasciole, separated from columellar rim by distinct chink. Aperture moderately narrowly pyriform. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base in fully grown specimens. Columella weakly excavated, smooth. Columella twisted at transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal wide, indistinct. Outer lip not thickened with about 11 narrow lirae, extending deep within aperture. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately wide, slightly recurved, deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Gailleagrassor paratethyca is reminiscent of some Miocene Calagrassor species: Calagrassor hoernesi differs in its much wider last whorl, shorter spire and much less secondary spiral sculpture (see Bellardi 1873: 153, pl. 11, figs 14 a – b; Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: 29, fig. 19 F; Kiel et al. 2023: figs 7 A – C). Calagrassor costulatus (Bellardi, 1873), from the Burdigalian or Langhian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy) differs in its delicate spiral sculpture and fold-like axial ribs (Bellardi 1873: 154, pl. 11, fig. 17). Calagrassor glomoides (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840), from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), with which this species was confused by Hörnes (1853), differs in its smaller size, stout outline, and broad axial ribs (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 5, fig. 1). Calagrassor costulatus acutispira (Sacco, 1904) (Sacco 1904: pl. 9, fig. 31), from the Langhian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), differs in its much wider last whorl and strongly constricted base. Gailleagrassor paratethyca nov. sp. and Calagrassor viciani nov. sp. can be distinguished by the sculpture of the early teleoconch whorls, which is dominated by axial ribs in Gailleagrassor paratethyca, whereas a cancellate pattern occurs in Calagrassor viciani. Moreover, Gailleagrassor paratethyca is much larger. The spiral cords are also much coarser, separated by wider interspaces in Calagrassor viciani. We note that specimens from the early Badenian of Grund (Austria) (Figs 10 C – D). differ from those from the middle Badenian of the Vienna Basin, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic) and Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) in their larger size, the less clear separation between primary and secondary spiral cords and the more inflated last whorl. These specimens might represent an additional Gailleagrassor species, but due to the very limited number of available specimens we provisionally keep them within Gailleagrassor paratethyca. Paleoenvironment. Unknown; probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Ostrava (Czech Republic) (Kittl 1897; Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022). Genus Calagrassor Kantor, Puillandre, Fraussen, Fedosov & Bouchet, 2013	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Cantharus aldermenensis Powell, 1971; original designation by Kantor et al. (2013: 2189). Present-day, New Zealand.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell small to medium in size (adult length from 9 to 45 mm), solid, usually rather thin. Colour white. […] Shape oval with short siphonal canal. Protoconch usually eroded, juveniles with a moderately small, naticoid protoconch, width exceeds height, consisting of ¼ / 4 to ½ / 2 smooth, convex whorls. Teleoconch whorls evenly weakly convex. Spiral sculpture dominant, usually of broad, flattened spiral cords separated by deep interspaces, narrower than or equal to cords width. Axial sculpture usually weak, pronounced on adapical spire whorls, usually absent on body whorl, ranging from broad, flattened ribs to narrow and moderately sharp ones. Aperture oval, adapically usually slightly pinched. Columella gently curved. Callus thin, narrow, formed by dissolution of sculpture and outer shell layer of preceding whorl, glossy, smooth. Outer lip usually thin, occasionally thick, edge sharp, occasionally with internal lirae or knobs. ” (Kantor et al. 2013: 2189).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8E0C51FF65FF7AEF6BFA8A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Placement of the Paratethyan Miocene species in Calagrassor is tentative and based on the resemblance in shape and sculpture. In their generic diagnosis, Kantor et al. (2013) emphasize a protoconch of <1.5 whorls. Calagrassor viciani, however, has three protoconch whorls. Calagrassor mathiasi Kovács, Leél-Őssy & Vicián, 2023 was the first Paratethyan species, which has been placed in this genus. All other species discussed here under Calagrassor have been treated so far as Eosipho (e. g., Brunetti & Della Bella 2016; Kovács 2022). Currently, only the type species Eosipho smithi (Schepman, 1911) [original designation by Thiele (1929: 307), present-day, Indo-West Pacific] is listed under Eosipho in MolluscaBase Eds. (2023 c). This species is a stout fusiform species with moderately incised suture, prominent, close-set spiral cords and smooth inner lip (see Bouchet & Warén 1986: figs 44 – 46; Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2016 b: figs 132 – 137). Its similarity with Calagrassor viciani nov. sp. is superficial. The extant Preangeria dentata (Schepman, 1911), from the IWP-Region, is similar to Calagrassor viciani in overall outline and sculpture but differs in the presence of a labral tooth and the shorter and wider siphonal canal (see Vermeij 1998: fig. 1; Raven 2016: pl. 5, fig. 2).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8C0C50FF65FAB3EE2FFE72.taxon	description	Figs 9 A 1 – A 2 * Calagrassor mathiasi n. sp. — Kovács et al. 2023: 29, figs 73 – 76.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8C0C50FF65FAB3EE2FFE72.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: PAL 2022.53. 1, SL: 21 mm, MD: 8 mm, Lower Ottnangian, Parádfürdő, Ilona Valley (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács et al. (2023: figs 73 – 75). Paratype: stored in the private collection of Zoltán Vicián, SL: 25.4 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Lower Ottnangian, Parádfürdő, Ilona Valley (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács et al. (2023: fig. 76). Revised description. Medium-sized, fusiform shell of six teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 38 º. Protoconch poorly preserved, paucispiral. Early teleoconch whorls slightly gradate, weakly convex with broad axial ribs, overrun by six broad, rounded spiral cords. Sculpture cancellate on first two teleoconch whorls. Axial sculpture fades rapidly on third teleoconch whorl. Suture moderately incised. Last whorl moderately convex, attaining ~ 65 % of total height, with 15 prominent spiral cords; base moderately constricted; fasciole indistinct, broad, with prominent spiral cords. Aperture elongate-ovate, filled by sediment. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately wide, weakly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8C0C50FF65FAB3EE2FFE72.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The Middle Miocene Calagrassor viciani nov. sp. and Gailleagrassor paratethyca nov. sp. differ from C. mathiasi in their more prominent axial sculpture that persists longer. Among the modern congeners Calagrassor poppei (Fraussen, 2001), from the Philippines, is most similar but differs in its more convex spire whorls and wider aperture (see Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2016 b: figs 96 – 98). The extant Calagrassor analogus Fraussen, Chino & Stahlschmidt, 2017, from Japan, differs in its shorter spire and greater number of spiral cords on the spire whorls (see Fraussen et al. 2017: figs 1 – 4). The extant Calagrassor pidginoides Fraussen, Chino & Stahlschmidt, 2017, from Vanuatu, is broader and has flat spiral cords on the last whorl (see Fraussen et al. 2017: figs 10 – 11). Paleoenvironment. The assemblage from Parádfürdő (Hungary), as described by Kovács et al. (2023), points to shallow marine environments, which is in contradiction to the deeper water environments of modern Calagrassor species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8C0C50FF65FAB3EE2FFE72.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Ottnangian (Early Miocene): Mátra Mountains: Parádfürdő, llona Valley Section (Hungary) (Kovács et al. 2023).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8D0C5EFF65FDABEEC7FA02.taxon	description	Figs 11 A – E, 12 B – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8D0C5EFF65FDABEEC7FA02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0269, SL: 28.7 mm, MD: 14.9 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 2), Figs 11 C 1 – C 2; Paratypes: NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0205, SL: 35.6 mm, MD: 15.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 11 A 1 – A 2; NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0205, SL: 34.3 mm, MD: 15.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 11 B 1 – B 2; NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0004, SL: 28.8 mm, MD: 14.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 11 D 1 – D 2; NHMW 1866 / 0028 / 0008, SL: 22.4 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic), Figs 11 E 1 – E 2; NHMW 1872 / 0039 / 0048, SL: 13.1 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 12 B 1 – B 2; NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0458, SL: 17.9 mm, MD: 8.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 12 C. Additional material. 4 spec., NHMW 2013 / 0078 / 0346, Baden (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 2013 / 0300 / 0326, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0037, Grund (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1847 / 0037 / 0049, Steinebrunn (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1858 / 0047 / 0017, Porzteich (Czech Republic); 32 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0092, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 5 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0966, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic). Type locality. Baden (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silty clay of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8D0C5EFF65FDABEEC7FA02.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Zoltán Vicián (Budapest), in recognition for his contributions on Paratethyan paleontology.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8D0C5EFF65FDABEEC7FA02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, stout fusiform shell with broad conical protoconch of three whorls, moderately convex teleoconch whorls with cancellate sculpture of prominent spiral cords overriding weaker axial ribs, aperture wide with prominent lirae reaching far within.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8D0C5EFF65FDABEEC7FA02.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, solid, stout fusiform shell of up to five teleoconch whorls; apical angle 47 – 60 °. Protoconch broadly conical, of three convex whorls with small, pointed nucleus; weak carina just above adapical suture forming periphery; diameter 850 μm, height: 980 μm; strongly opisthocyrt growth lines on terminal part of protoconch. Transition to teleoconch marked by onset of cancellate sculpture of four raised spiral cords overriding weaker, widely spaced axial ribs. Whorl profile of first two teleoconch whorls weakly shouldered just below adapical suture, weakly convex below. Later whorls strongly convex, separated by deeply incised suture. Axial ribs weakening on penultimate and last whorls; spiral cords becoming broader, elevated, strap-like, increasing to five or six on penultimate whorl, resulting in predominant, often weakly beaded spirals on last whorl; axial sculpture of last whorl often reduced to growth lines in spiral interspaces. Last whorl convex, attaining ~ 70 % of total height, base moderately constricted with 6 – 7 primary cords above level of insertion of outer lip, indistinctly beaded in some specimens, and 10 – 12 non-beaded cords over base and fasciole; occasional secondary cords; fasciole moderately strong, forming narrow chink. Aperture wide, pyriform. Columellar callus forming thin rim, sharply delimited from base in fully grown specimens. Columella smooth, moderately excavated in upper half. Transition to siphonal canal twisted. Anal canal wide, indistinct. Outer lip thickened with numerous lirae extending far within. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately narrow, slightly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8D0C5EFF65FDABEEC7FA02.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Since Hörnes (1853) this species has been confused with Calagrassor cinguliferus (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832) from the Late Miocene and Pliocene of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Note that Fusus glomus Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840 is a subjective junior synonym of Siphonorbis cinguliferus De Cristofori & Jan, 1832 (De Cristofori & Jan 1832: 10). The protoconch of Calagrassor cinguliferus is high conical of 3.5 protoconch whorls [NHMW 1865 / 0004 / 0846, SL: 13.3 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Tortona (Italy), Figs 12 A; see also Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: 29]. Therefore, it differs from the more broadly conical protoconch of Calagrassor viciani, which has only three whorls. In addition, the last whorl of fully-grown specimens of Calagrassor cinguliferus bear wide-spaced strap-like spiral cords with flat tops, whereas the cords are more convex and more crowded in Calagrassor viciani, which has also more prominent axial sculpture on the last whorl. For descriptions and illustrations of Calagrassor cinguliferus see Brunetti & Della Bella (2016: 29, figs 18 A – F), Cavallo & Repetto (1992: 99, fig. 221), Robba (1968: 539, pl. 41, fig. 7), and references therein. ‘ Chrysodomus’ glomoides rugulata Sacco, 1904 and ‘ Chrysodomus’ glomoides pluricostulata Sacco, 1904, from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), differ from the Paratethyan species in their dominant spiral sculpture of more numerous, closer-set spiral cords (Sacco 1904, pl. 9, figs 28, 30). ‘ Chrysodomus’ glomoides angustata Sacco, 1904 (Sacco 1904: pl. 9, fig. 29) differs in its higher spire and even more deeply incised suture. The extant Calagrassor hayashii (Shikama, 1971), from the Indo-West Pacific Region, is a morphologically similar species but differs in its broader tubercles and low, paucispiral protoconch (see Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2016 b: figs 84 – 87). Paleoenvironment. Unknown; documented from inner neritic settings and from deeper water environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF8D0C5EFF65FDABEEC7FA02.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Porzteich at Břeclav (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022); Dubova Region (Romania) (Stancu et al. 1971).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF800C5DFF65FE13EE6EFC43.taxon	description	Fig. 10 F	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF800C5DFF65FE13EE6EFC43.taxon	materials_examined	Material. 1 natural cast with corresponding silicone mould, NHMW 2014 / 0379 / 0041), SL:> 60 mm, Allerding (Austria), Fig. 10 F.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF800C5DFF65FE13EE6EFC43.taxon	discussion	Discussion. A single broad fusiform specimen with moderately convex whorls and sculpture of numerous low spiral cords with flat tops is available. The fragment may represent Calagrassor, but no clear generic placement is possible. Paleoenvironment. Found in an assemblage from rocky shore environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF800C5DFF65FE13EE6EFC43.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Ottnangian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Allerding (Austria) (Harzhauser et al. 2015).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF800C5CFF65FBF8E88FFC6A.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. “ Shell medium-sized to medium-large, exceptionally reaching 100 mm (Cantharus), from fusiform to broadly fusiform or biconic, with low to medium-high spire and short to nearly obsolete siphonal canal. Protoconch small, paucispiral or multispiral, comprising 1.5 to more than 3.5 whorls. Whorl outline flattened, weakly or strongly convex. Axial sculpture of strong and closely spaced ribs, rarely absent (Pisania). Spiral sculpture ranging from fine striation to distinct prominent cords, sometimes keels forming nodules at intersection with axial ribs. Aperture high, outer lip typically thickened, striated or denticulated inwards. Inner lip often heavily calloused, often with distinct anal denticle or knob, sometimes bearing multiple denticles or lirae. ” (Kantor et al. 2022: 839).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF800C5CFF65FBF8E88FFC6A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Of the extant genera placed in Pisaniidae by Kantor et al. (2022) Aplus De Gregorio, 1885, Dianthiphos Watters, 2009 and Monostiolum Dall, 1904 appear in Paratethyan assemblages. In addition, the extinct genera Janiopsis Rovereto, 1899 and Hilda Hoernes & Auinger, 1884 are documented herein. Genus Aplus De Gregorio, 1885	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF800C5CFF65FBF8E88FFC6A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex plicatus forma serzus De Gregorio, 1885 (de Gregorio 1885 a: 281) [= Aplus ansus De Gregorio, 1884]; subsequent designation by Vokes (1971: 83). Pliocene, Italy. Original diagnosis. “ Bucciniform or mitriform of somewhat rough appearance, outer lip thick with denticles, inner lip corrugate. Whorls costate and funiculate ” (De Gregorio 1885 a: 279, translated from Italian). Revised diagnosis. “ Medium-sized shell (H => 10 mm <30 mm). Smooth, multispiral or paucispiral protoconch. Sturdy shell, with convex, elongated teleoconch whorls, with little accentuated or absent sutural ramp, sculpture formed by the crossing of strong, tuberculose spiral cords of variable thicknesses. Aperture with short siphonal canal, straight columella, folds on the outer lip and columella, presence of a tooth or fold near the posterior groove. Umbilicus absent. ” (Brunetti & Della Bella 2014: 15, translated from Italian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF800C5CFF65FBF8E88FFC6A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Aplus species are characterized by their U-shaped anal canal, which is accentuated by prominent parietal and anal denticles. The columella bears more or less prominent granulae or folds and is angled at the transition to the siphonal canal. The outer lip bears about six to ten prominent denticles, which do not weaken significantly abapically, and the adapical tip of the aperture is often thickened and slightly flaring or alate. Although Brunetti & Della Bella (2014) described the spiral cords as tuberculose, the cords are swollen in most species where they overrun the axial ribs, but without forming discrete tubercles. We therefore prefer to call then swollen rather than tubercular or beaded. Most of the Miocene species described herein agree fully with this scheme and are morphologically reminiscent of extant Mediterranean species, e. g., Aplus hofae nov. sp. and Aplus dorbignyi (Payraudeau, 1826) and Aplus ranellaeformis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) and Aplus coccineus (Monterosato, 1884). Occasionally, lirae may occur within the outer lip [e. g., Aplus assimilis (Reeve, 1846 a)]. The latter species nests within Aplus in the molecular phylogeny of Aissaoui et al. (2016), proving that this feature is variable within the genus. Therefore, we also place Aplus transsylvanicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) in Aplus, which lacks labial denticles (see below for description). The species group described herein in Aplus was placed in Anna Risso, 1826 (type species Anna massena Risso, 1826, by monotypy) by Vermeij (2006), García (2008) and Landau et al. (2013). Brunetti & Della Bella (2014) argued that Anna massena from the Pliocene of France, is probably a Raphitomidae (Conoidea). The next available generic taxon for this group is Aplus de Gregorio, 1885 (Brunetti & Della Bella 2014; Aissaoui et al. 2016; Van Dingenen et al. 2017; see also MolluscaBase Eds. 2021 a). De Gregorio (1885 a: 279) listed two species as types (“ plicata Brocc., dorbignyi Payr. ”). Later, Vokes (1971: 83) designated Murex plicatus forma serzus De Gregorio, 1885 (de Gregorio 1885 a: 281) as type. That species was treated as synonym of Aplus ansus De Gregorio, 1884 by Brunetti & Della Bella (2014). The genus is extraordinarily speciose in the present-day Mediterranean Sea andAissaoui et al. (2016) distinguished 66 species based on molecular and conchological data. Those authors observed a good correlation between species defined on morphological features and molecular data. Therefore, the herein applied morphospecies-concept is likely to reflect true past diversity. For the separation of the West African and Mediterranean Aplus from the Indo-West Pacific genera Cantharus Röding, 1798 and Pollia Gray, 1834, see Aissaoui et al. (2016: 526).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF810C5BFF65FBD3E972FB59.taxon	description	Figs 13 A 1 – A 2 * Pollia Lapugyensis nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 239, pl. 28, figs 5 – 8.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF810C5BFF65FBD3E972FB59.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0082, SL: 22.6 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger 1890: pl. 28, fig. 5), Figs 13 A 1 – A 2. The other specimens illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, figs 6 – 8) seem to be lost. Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately broad fusiform shell of about six teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 47 °. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls almost flat sided with periphery close above weakly incised suture. Sculpture of moderately prominent, close-set, orthocline axial ribs overrun by four spiral cords swollen at intersections. One or two weak secondary cords intercalated between primaries on third teleoconch whorl. Whorl profile becoming evenly convex on fourth whorl. Subsutural spiral cord becoming bifid on fourth whorl, accentuated by slight concavity below, especially on last whorl. Last whorl attaining 67 % of total height, with convex periphery, constricted base, sculpture of about 11 axial ribs, most prominent along periphery, subobsolete over base, spiral sculpture of numerous weak primary and secondary cords swollen over axials. Fasciole broad, slightly swollen, forming narrow umbilical chink, bearing few spiral cords and marked growth lines. Aperture moderately narrow, ovate. Columella broadly excavated with six denticles variably developed, weakening adapically. Lowermost denticle coinciding with angled transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal moderately incised U-shaped, accentuated by narrow but prominent parietal denticle and larger anal denticle. Outer lip with weak terminal varix and eight, prominent, elongated denticles close behind peristome. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, slightly deflected to the left, deeply notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF810C5BFF65FBD3E972FB59.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Aplus lapugyensis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) was regarded as a junior synonym of A. dorbignyi (Payraudeau, 1826) in the literature (e. g., Brunetti & Della Bella 2014), however, the latter is a Pleistocene-Recent species, and is distinguished by its much stronger sculpture. Moreover, Aplus lapugyensis has more numerous axials on the early teleoconch whorls, and there are only three cords on the first whorl of Aplus dorbignyi, as opposed to four in Aplus lapugyensis. This species is reminiscent of Aplus hofae nov. sp. but has more delicate sculpture on the spire whorls and lacks the characteristic aspect of the primary cords that are divided into triplets Aplus hofae. Paleoenvironment. Unknown; occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) might point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF810C5BFF65FBD3E972FB59.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2023); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF860C5AFF65FAC2EF15FE57.taxon	description	Fig. 13 B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF860C5AFF65FAC2EF15FE57.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Z. PAL. U. W., No. BkK-G 66 S, SL: 6.0 mm, MD: 3.1 mm, Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995). Bałuk (1995: 242) mentioned three additional specimens without designating them as paralectotypes. Revised description. Minute, moderately broad fusiform shell of about five teleoconch whorls. Protoconch of 2.5 whorls (according to Bałuk 1995). Spire whorls almost flat-sided to weakly convex with cancellate sculpture of prominent, relatively narrow axial ribs separated by slightly wider interspaces, overrun by three prominent, narrow spiral cords. Adapical primary spiral becoming bifid on third to fourth teleoconch whorl. Periphery close above suture. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height, moderately convex, bearing 13 axial ribs and prominent spiral cords, subsutural cord formed by two close-set cords, weak secondary spiral cord intercalated between primaries; base moderately constricted with prominent spiral cords; fasciole weak, with prominent spiral cords. Aperture moderately narrow. Columellar callus weak. Columella weakly excavated with weak angulation at transition to siphonal canal. Parietal denticle weak. Anal canal weakly incised. Outer lip with several denticles. Siphonal canal moderately long, deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF860C5AFF65FAC2EF15FE57.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is based on a juvenile specimen, as indicated by the aperture, which lacks all features typical for fully grown Aplus species. Nevertheless, shape and sculpture of the early teleoconch whorls differ from all other Aplus species described herein if compared at same growth stage. Especially the relatively high and flat-sided early teleoconch whorls distinguish Aplus minutulus (Bałuk, 1995) from other species. The description given above of the apertural characters should be amended once adult specimens become available. Therefore, although the status of Aplus minutulus remains unclear, it seems to represent ‘ good’ species. Paleoenvironment. Unknown	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF860C5AFF65FAC2EF15FE57.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota (Hungary) (Strausz 1966 a).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF870C59FF65FDCFEF11F872.taxon	description	Figs 14 A – C, 15 A * Pollia Moravica nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 238, pl. 28, fig 4 a – b.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF870C59FF65FDCFEF11F872.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1862 / 0029 / 0034, SL: 18.6 mm, MD: 10.6 mm, Rudice u Blanska (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, fig. 4), Figs 14 A 1 – A 2, 15 A. Paralectotypes: NHMW 2023 / 0353 / 0001, SL: 19.4 mm, MD: 10.2 mm, Rudice u Blanska (Czech Republic), Figs 14 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 2023 / 0353 / 0002, SL: 15.5 mm, MD: 8.4 mm, Rudice u Blanska (Czech Republic), Fig. 14 C. Revised description. Small, squat ovate-fusiform shell of up to 4.5 teleoconch whorls; apical angle 68 – 72 °. Protoconch, broad conical of three moderately convex whorls; diameter: 900 μm, height: 800 μm. Last protoconch whorl with spiral cord placed just above abapical suture. First teleoconch whorl moderately convex with widely spaced axial ribs, overrun by three prominent spiral cords, strongly swollen over intersections; fourth weaker cord appears over subsutural ramp on second teleoconch whorl. Later teleoconch whorls convex, periphery slightly below mid-whorl. Three raised, narrow spiral cords appear on subsutural ramp on second teleoconch whorl. Suture strongly undulating around swollen intersections of abapical cord on preceding whorl. Interspaces between primary ribs deep, with 1 – 3 secondary spiral threads intercalated. Last whorl 70 % of total height, with regularly convex periphery and strongly constricted base; sculpture of about 15 prosocline axial ribs overrun by about 12 strongly raised, convex cords, swollen over intersections; adapical three cords more closely spaced; fasciole broad, indistinct bearing strong spiral cords deeply cut by growth lines forming slightly scabrous surface. Aperture wide. Columella deeply excavated in upper half, angled at transition to siphonal canal, accentuated by prominent denticle at angulation. Columellar callus forming thin rim, moderately delimited from base. Columella with subobsolete denticles. Parietal denticle weak. Anal canal weakly incised, broadly U-shaped. No anal denticle. Outer lip weakly thickened with several narrow prominent lirae extending deep within, starting distinctly behind crenulated peristome. Siphonal canal long, very wide, slightly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF870C59FF65FDCFEF11F872.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Only subadult specimens are available and therefore, the parietal and anal denticles are not fully developed. Aplus moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) is characterized by its prominent, regular, nodulose sculpture and evenly convex whorls. It is listed as synonym of the extant Mediterranean Aplus dorbignyi (Payraudeau, 1826) by MolluscaBase Eds. (2023 d). However, the two have little in common and Aplus dorbignyi is slenderer, has angled whorls with a broad subsutural ramp, coarser and less uniform tubercles and much more prominent denticles within the outer lip (see Aissaoui et al. 2016: figs 3 A – B). Aplus multicostatus (Bellardi, 1873), from the Burdigalian or Langhian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), is morphologically much closer but differs in its higher last whorl, broader and more prominent axial ribs on the last whorl, and the prominent anal denticle (see Bellardi 1873: pl. 12, fig. 15; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 4, fig. 10). Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF870C59FF65FDCFEF11F872.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Rudice u Blanska (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF850C58FF65FF7AEDB9F828.taxon	description	Figs 13 C 1 – C 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF850C58FF65FF7AEDB9F828.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1857 / 0024 / 0016, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 9.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, fig. 9). Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin. Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF850C58FF65FF7AEDB9F828.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Sigrid Hof (Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt / Main, Germany), who has helped us many times with pictures and information of type material.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF850C58FF65FF7AEDB9F828.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, moderately broad fusiform shell characterized by primary spiral cords splitting into triplets of secondary cords, swollen over axial ribs. Aperture with prominent, pointed parietal denticle, large anal denticle and eight denticles in outer lip.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF850C58FF65FF7AEDB9F828.taxon	description	Description. Small, moderately broad fusiform shell of about six teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 50 °. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls shouldered with steep subsutural ramp and incised suture. Sculpture of broad, prominent, close-set axial ribs, weakening over subsutural ramp, overrun by prominent subsutural cord and two prominent spiral cords along periphery; two weak secondary spiral cords on subsutural ramp. Shoulder becoming more rounded on penultimate and last whorl. Abapically, axial ribs weaken, and spiral cords increase in number by splitting of primary cords into triplets and intercalation of secondary cords; on last two whorls cords swollen over subobsolete ribs and secondary and tertiary cords intercalated in interspaces. Last whorl attaining 65 % of total height, moderately convex at periphery and constricted at base, fasciole weak with few spiral cords. Aperture moderately narrow, ovate. Columella moderately excavated in upper half, with three blurred denticles on abapical half. Columellar callus forming thick, broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal U-shaped, distinctly incised, accentuated by prominent, pointed parietal denticle and large anal denticle. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix, with crenulated margin and eight prominent denticles close behind peristome. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, only slightly defected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF850C58FF65FF7AEDB9F828.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was confused by Hoernes & Auinger (1890) with the extant Aplus dorbignyi (Payraudeau, 1826) from the Mediterranean Sea. Brunetti & Della Bella (2014), who re-illustrated the Paratethyan specimen described by Hoernes & Auinger (1890), discussed differences in sculpture between the two species and stated that the shell of the Paratethyan species is more robust. Brunetti & Della Bella (2014: 7, figs 3 E – F) left the Paratethyan species in open nomenclature and emphasized the necessity of a revision of the Miocene species. Apart from the ‘ robustness’ highlighted by those authors (which is not obvious, as the Paratethyan specimen illustrated is not more robust that their figure of a Recent specimen of A. dorbignyi; 2014, figs 10 A – B), it is difficult to pinpoint differences between the two: the ribs are possibly stronger over the last whorl in the extant species and the siphonal canal slightly shorter. However, based on molecular data, Aissaoui et al. (2016) documented a great diversity of the genus Aplus in the Mediterranean Sea. Specimens previously identified as Aplus dorbignyi (Payraudeau, 1826) turned out to represent three geographically separated species, comprising A. dorbignyi, A. gaillardoti (Puton, 1856) and Aplus nodulosus (Bivona e Bernardi, 1832). Of these only Aplus dorbignyi is known to have a fossil record, which dates back only to the Late Pleistocene (Brunetti & Della Bella 2014). All three species are extraordinarily similar to Aplus hofae nov. sp. in their apertural features but differ in their slightly weaker spiral cords. Therefore, despite their similarity in shell characters, it is highly unlikely that this Middle Miocene species is conspecific with any of the extant Mediterranean congeners, and we propose the name Aplus hofae nov. sp. for this Paratethyan form. Due to the overall similarity, we assume that the extant species group might be rooted in Miocene species such as Aplus hofae. For illustrations of shells of extant species (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2014: figs 10 A – C; Aissaoui et al. 2016: fig. 3). Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFF850C58FF65FF7AEDB9F828.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBA0C66FF65FF7AEE8EFE9A.taxon	description	Figs 16 A – B * Pollia ranellaeformis nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 238, pl. 28, figs 10 a – b.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBA0C66FF65FF7AEE8EFE9A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0102, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, fig. 10), Figs 16 A 1 – A 2. Paralectotype: NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0104, SL: 16.3 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 16 B 1 – B 2. Revised description. Small, moderately broad shell. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Teleoconch whorls with shallow, slightly convex subsutural ramp, weakly convex periphery, angled just above incised suture. Sculpture of broad axial ribs, separated by interspaces of about equal width, overrun by three prominent spiral cords on first teleoconch whorl, abapical cord most prominent, with single slightly weaker secondary cord intercalated in interspaces; cords swollen over ribs; nine spiral cords on penultimate whorl. Last whorl attaining ~ 78 % of total height, weakly shouldered, bearing ten axial ribs and strong terminal varix; base moderately constricted bearing prominent spirals of alternating strength; fasciole broad, indistinct with three raised primary spiral cords separated by weaker secondaries. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella strongly excavated in upper half with three blunt denticles on abapical half; lowermost delimiting siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad rim, moderately delimited from base. Anal canal U-shaped, moderately incised, accentuated by weak parietal denticle and prominent anal denticle. Outer lip thick with about six prominent, elongated denticles (or short lirae). Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, slightly deflected to the left, shallowly notched. Paratethyan synonyms. Janiopsis labrosa orientalis Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960, from the Badenian of Bulgaria, is most probably a subjective junior synonym of Aplus ranellaeformis. Unfortunately, it was not possible to trace the types of the Bulgarian species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBA0C66FF65FF7AEE8EFE9A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Aplus nilus De Gregorio, 1884, from the Pliocene of Italy, has a comparable outline but differs in its less prominent axial ribs, broader primary spiral cords and weaker terminal varix (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2014: figs 2 B – G, 3 A – D). Aplus dispar (Millet, 1865), from the Tortonian of the Loire Basin (France), develops a similar sculpture and has angled whorls but has much narrower axial ribs and a weaker terminal varix (see Landau et al. 2019: pl. 43). ‘ Janiopsis ’ labrosa (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840), from the Early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), does not have the strong parietal and labial teeth flanking the anal canal seen in Aplus ranellaeformis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890). Paleoenvironment. Unknown. Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906; Kovács 2022; hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Opanec, Staropatica, Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBB0C65FF65FE83EF11FAC3.taxon	description	Figs 15 B, 17 A – C * Pollia subpusilla nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 242, pl. 28, figs 12 – 13. P [ollia] subpusilla — De Gregorio 1885 b: 140.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBB0C65FF65FE83EF11FAC3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated by De Gregorio 1885 b: 140), NHMW 1859 / 0045 / 0123, SL: 9.3 mm, MD: 5.7 mm, Niederleis (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, fig. 13), Figs 17 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 1066, SL: 10.8 mm, MD: 6.1 mm, Forchtenau (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, fig. 12), Figs 17 B 1 – B 2, 15 B. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0465, SL: 11.0 mm, MD: 6.2 mm, Forchtenau (Austria), Fig. 17 C. Additional paralectotypes. 2 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0849, Niederleis (Austria). 35 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0668, Niederleis (Austria). 26 spec., NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0484, Forchtenau (Austria). Revised description. Small, squat biconic shell of up to five teleoconch whorls; apical angle 55 – 62 °. Protoconch low conical of 2.5 convex whorls, diameter: 700 μm, height: 700 μm. Early teleoconch whorls almost flat-sided, periphery at abapical suture, with narrow, deeply incised suture. Sculpture of three close-set spiral cords strongly swollen almost tubercular over ribs. Single secondary spiral cord intercalated between adapical and mid-whorl primary spirals on third teleoconch whorl. Additional secondary spiral appears on penultimate whorl at abapical suture. Last whorl attaining 65 – 67 % of total height, strongly convex with rounded periphery and conical base, bearing 11 axial ribs and ten elevated, rounded spiral cords; one secondary spiral cord intercalated in each interspace, secondary between two adapical primaries more prominent than others. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella excavated in upper half. Columellar callus forming broad, thickened rim, sharply delimited from base, with about four weak to subobsolete columellar folds, angled at transition to siphonal canal, accentuated by abapical columellar fold. Anal canal broad U-shaped, moderately incised in thickened adapical tip of aperture, accentuated by small parietal denticle and larger anal denticle. Outer lip strongly thickened by terminal varix, with seven elongated denticles almost extending to peristome. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, slightly deflected to the left, weakly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBB0C65FF65FE83EF11FAC3.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its small size, squat biconic outline and tubercular sculpture. The superficially similar but larger Aplus moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) differs in its convex spire whorls and prominent lirae inside the outer lip. Moreover, it has a longer siphonal canal. This species was confused by Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969, 1972) with Aplus aquitanensis (Peyrot, 1928) from the Early Miocene of France. Aplus aquitanensis differs from Aplus subpusillus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) in its higher last whorl and narrower aperture (see Peyrot 1927: pl. 4, figs 40 – 41; Lozouet 2021: pl. 40, fig. 9). Iljina (1993) listed Aplus subpusilla from the Konkian of the Mangyshlak Peninsula (Kazakhstan). The illustrated Eastern Paratethyan specimens, however, differ considerably from the Central Paratethyan species in their prominent axial ribs, weak spiral sculpture and weaker denticles in the inner lip. This species was described by Bidzinashvili (1975) as Genota sinzovi and therefore, we propose Aplus sinzovi (Bidzinashvili, 1975) as new combination for it. Paleoenvironment. Probably inner neritic. At the Niederleis section, sediment and fossils from coastal and lagoonal environments not exceeding 30 m water depth were transported by tempestites into offshore settings (Mandic et al. 2002).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBB0C65FF65FE83EF11FAC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zboriv (= Zborów) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1912); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Niederleis (Austria); Boršov (= Porstendorf), Porzteich at Břeclav (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Lysice (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Letkés, Szokolya (Hungary) (Báldi 1960; Strausz 1966 a; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Boettger 1906).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB80C64FF65FA7BEE61F882.taxon	description	Figs 15 C, 18 A – C * Pollia multicostata Bell. var. transsylvanica — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 236: pl. 28, figs 1 – 3.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB80C64FF65FA7BEE61F882.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype designated herein: NHMW 1873 / 0026 / 0019 b, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 11.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, fig 2), Figs 15 C, 18 A 1 – A 2. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1873 / 0026 / 0019 a, SL: 24.3 mm, MD: 12.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, fig 1), 18 B. NHMW 1873 / 0026 / 0019 b, SL: 19.4 mm, MD: 10.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 28, fig 3), Figs 18 C 1 – C 2. Additional material. 2 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0437, Forchtenau (Austria); 46 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0087, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 1 spec., NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0085, CoŞteiu de Sus (Austria). Revised description. Medium-sized, broad, ovate shell of seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 40 °, increasing to ~ 60 ° on later spire whorls. Protoconch paucispiral of 1.5 convex whorls; diameter: 700 μm, height: 650 μm. Transition into teleoconch marked by onset of cancellate sculpture of prominent axial ribs, separated by interspaces of about equal width, overrun by three spiral cords, swollen over ribs. Later whorls with broad axial ribs, separated by narrower interspaces, overrun by prominent, convex spiral cords. Whorl profile of spire whorls weakly convex, periphery just below mid-whorl, suture deeply incised. Penultimate whorl evenly convex, sculpture increasing to eight spiral cords by bifurcation of adapical cord and intercalation of additional primary cords below mid-whorl. Last whorl attaining 65 % of total height, regularly convex, moderately constricted at base, bearing 14 – 17 axial ribs, and about 16 raised, narrow spiral cords, interspaces with 1 – 2 weak secondary spiral threads, slightly scabrous due to raised growth lines; fasciole broad, indistinct with prominent, slightly scabrous spiral cords. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella broadly excavated, with six denticles decreasing in strength adapically. Lowermost two denticles most prominent, accentuating transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus weakly thickened, sharply delimited from base, forming broad rim. Anal canal U-shaped, accentuated by small parietal denticle and more prominent anal denticle. Outer lip edge weakly crenulated, slightly thickened by weak terminal varix with about 11 prominent lirae from lip edge extending deep within aperture; lirae slightly thickened close to aperture. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, only weakly deflected to the left, deeply notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB80C64FF65FA7BEE61F882.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Aplus multicostata (Bellardi, 1873), from the Burdigalian or Langhian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), differs in its higher last whorl and the broader and more prominent axial ribs on the last whorl (see Bellardi 1873: pl. 12, fig. 15; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 4, fig. 10). Paleoenvironment. Unknown, probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB80C64FF65FA7BEE61F882.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2023); Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB90C63FF65F8BBEF55FB96.taxon	description	Fig. 16 C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB90C63FF65F8BBEF55FB96.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is reminiscent of slender morphs of Aplus nilus (De Gregorio, 1884), from the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea (e. g., Brunetti & Della Bella 2014: fig 2 B), whilst typical representatives of the Pliocene species are broader and have more convex spire whorls (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2014: figs 2 C – G, 3 A – D). All differ from Aplus volhynicus (Friedberg, 1912) in the more convex early teleoconch whorls. Aplus nilus has broader spiral cords and the cords and interspaces are covered in secondary threads, whereas in Aplus volhynicus the primaries are narrower and there are far fewer secondaries that are only seen in in the spiral interspaces Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB90C63FF65F8BBEF55FB96.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Żabiak, Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1912).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBE0C62FF65FB8FEE4DFAC6.taxon	description	Figs 19 A – C * Columbella (Engina) Wimmeri nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1885: 104, pl. 7, figs 21 – 23. Pollia Wimmeri R. Hoern. und Auing. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 241.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBE0C62FF65FB8FEE4DFAC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0080, SL: 15.3 mm, MD: 9.1 mm, Möllersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 7, fig. 22), Figs 19 A 1 – A 2. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0195 a, SL: 13.1 mm, MD: 7.9 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 7, fig. 21), Figs 19 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1866 / 0040 / 0195 b, SL: 13.6 mm, MD: 7.9 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 7, fig. 23), Fig. 19 C. Revised description. Small, squat, broad, ovate-biconic shell of up to four teleoconch whorls; apical angle 60 °. Protoconch unknown. First teleoconch whorl flat-sided, periphery at abapical suture. Sculpture on early teleoconch whorls of broad, close-set, orthocline axial ribs (11 ribs on first teleoconch whorl), separated by much narrower interspaces, overrun by three spiral cords, strongly swollen over ribs. Suture narrowly incised. Abapically ribs broaden and flatten, primary cords become less swollen over ribs, fine secondary cord intercalated between primaries from second teleoconch whorl. Penultimate whorl with three primary spiral cords; three secondary spiral threads in slightly wider interspace between adapical and mid-whorl primaries; two secondary threads in narrower interspace between mid-whorl and abapical primary cord. Last whorl ovate, 76 – 79 % of total height, weakly shouldered, convex below, weakly constricted at base; adapical spiral cord swollen forming broad subsutural collar, followed by wide interspace with three secondary spiral cords and slightly weaker tertiary threads; about nine broad, smooth spiral cords over whorl and base, separated by slightly narrower interspaces, each interspace with one secondary cord flanked each side by a tertiary thread; fasciole indistinct bearing broad spiral cords. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella moderately excavated in upper half. Columellar callus forming narrow rim, moderately delimited from base. Columella with up to four weak to subobsolete columellar folds. Adapical tip of aperture alate, with deeply incised U-shaped anal canal, narrowed by moderately developed parietal denticle and strong, knob-like anal denticle. Outer lip thickened with row of about seven blunt denticles starting short distance behind peristome, weakening abapically. Siphonal canal short, moderately wide, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBE0C62FF65FB8FEE4DFAC6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Aplus wimmeri (Hoernes & Auinger, 1885) might be related to Aplus compressus (Bellardi, 1873) from the Early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy) (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 5, fig. 9). They differ in the more elongate outline, less excavated columella and straighter outer lip of A. compressus. Aplus unifilosus (Bellardi, 1873) from the Upper Miocene of Italy and Aplus pliounifilosus Brunetti & Della Bella, 2016 from the Lower Pliocene of Italy are both similar in having squat shells and have similar sculpture, but these two Italian species do not have the subsutural collar, the outer lip is less alate adapically, and they have only one secondary cord intercalated in the spiral interspaces on the last whorl. Paleoenvironment. The occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic environments in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBE0C62FF65FB8FEE4DFAC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Möllersdorf, Baden-Sooss (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBF0C60FF65FA7FEE40F9DF.taxon	description	Figs 15 D, 20 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBF0C60FF65FA7FEE40F9DF.taxon	description	* [Murex (Aplus) plicatus (L.) Brocc.] zebus De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885 a: 281 [nov. nom. pro Murex plicatus sensu Hörnes 1853: pl. 25, fig. 9]. [Murex (Aplus) plicatus (L.) Brocc.] sbipus De Greg. — De Gregorio 1885 a: 281 [nov. nom. pro Murex plicatus sensu Hörnes 1853: pl. 25, fig. 10]. Pollia exsculpta Dujardin — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 241 [non Aplus exsculptus (Dujardin, 1937)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBF0C60FF65FA7FEE40F9DF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0220 b, SL: 19.8 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 9), Figs 20 A 1 – A 2. Illustrated material. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0220 c, SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 10), holotype of Murex (Aplus) plicatus sbipus De Gregorio 1885, Figs 20 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0220 d, SL: 20.6 mm, MD: 11.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 20 C. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0439, SL: 18.8 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Fig. 15 D. Additional material. 16 spec., NHMW 2023 / 0354 / 0001, Steinebrunn and Enzesfeld (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 1880 / 0001 / 0102, Steinebrunn (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1279, Enzesfeld (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0941, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 1862 / 0033 / 0024, Pöls (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0013 / 0024, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1859 / 0027 / 0140, Möllersdorf (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1121, Gainfarn (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1858 / 0045 / 0302, Forchtenau (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1847 / 0046 / 0025, Szob (Hungary); 1 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0038 / 0021, Korytnica (Poland); 8 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0185, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Small, moderately broad, biconic shell of up to six teleoconch whorls; apical angle 55 – 58 °. Protoconch low conical of 2.25 convex whorls; diameter: 700 μm, height: 700 μm. About three prominent axial ribs close to teleoconch boundary. Early teleoconch whorls with broad axial ribs (eight ribs on first teleoconch whorl), overrun by three prominent spiral cords strongly swollen over intersections; less swollen abapically. Periphery short distance above deeply incised suture. From third teleoconch whorl onwards three close-set spiral threads usually intercalated in spiral interspaces. One additional, more prominent secondary spiral at adapical suture. Suture deeply incised, undulating. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height, moderately convex at periphery, weakly constricted at base, bearing about ten broad axial ribs over whorl and base, most prominent at periphery, overrun by ten primary spiral cords, weakly swollen over ribs, and three secondary spiral cords in interspaces; fasciole moderately prominent with strong spiral cords. Aperture elongate, moderately narrow. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Columella strongly excavated in upper half, with three large, blunt denticles in abapical half. Anal canal U-shaped, deeply incised into broad alate adapical tip of aperture, accentuated by prominent parietal denticle and larger anal denticle. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix with crenulate margin and five prominent, elongate denticles placed some distance behind peristome. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, deflected to the left. Color pattern of intense, irregular reddish stripes and flammulae (Kovács & Vicián 2023: figs 12 A – B). Paratethyan synonyms. De Gregorio (1885 b) established two names for specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1853) from the Vienna Basin: Murex (Aplus) plicatus zebus pro Murex plicatus sensu Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 9), from Steinebrunn (Austria), and Murex (Aplus) plicatus sbipus pro Murex plicatus sensu Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig. 10) from Enzesfeld (Austria). Both specimens are conspecific and as first revisers we give priority to Aplus zebus (De Gregorio 1885 a). Both specimens are illustrated herein and stored in the NHMW. Cantharus (Pollia) exsculptus canaliculatus Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960, from the Badenian of Târnene (Bulgaria) is based on a specimen with prominent concavity on the last whorl between the first two primary spiral cords. Such morphotypes are not rare and fall within the variability Aplus zebus. We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimen.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBF0C60FF65FA7FEE40F9DF.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Aplus zebus (De Gregorio 1885 a) was confused with Aplus exsculptus (Dujardin, 1837) from the Langhian of the Loire Basin in France by all authors since Hoernes & Auinger (1890). As with many other Neogene species, the concept of the latter species was strongly shaped by the fact that most of the specimens illustrated as that species derived from Paratethyan Basins. However, specimens from the Loire Basin illustrated by Glibert (1952: pl. 8, fig. 12) and Lozouet (2021: pl. 41, fig. 10) differ clearly from Paratethyan specimens. Aplus exsculptus has more prominent tubercles and fewer secondary cords in the interspaces between the primary cords; its columella is less excavated and its last whorl is higher. Moreover, A. exsculptus has a bulbous protoconch of only 1.5 whorls (Lozouet 2021: text-figs 6 j – k). Based on the new information on Aplus exsculptus and Aplus zebus, it becomes also evident that the specimens from the Serravallian of the Karaman Basin (Turkey), identified by Landau et al. (2013) as Anna exsculpta, represent a third species, which is described herein as Aplus anatolicus nov. sp. (see below). Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, inner neritic; the occurrences at Gainfarn and Steinebrunn suggest the vicinity of sea grass (Zuschin et al. 2007; own data).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBF0C60FF65FA7FEE40F9DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów, Hołdy, Ternopil, Zhukivtsi (= Żukowice), Zboriv (= Zborów), (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1912; Eichwald 1853); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Möllersdorf, Niederleis, Pfaffstätten, Pötzleinsdorf, Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Styrian Basin: Pöls (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Szob, Herend, Hidas, Letkés (Hungary) (Kókay 1966; Strausz 1966 a; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus, NemeŞeŞti (Romania) (Boettger 1906; Kovács 2022); Dacian Basin: Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBD0C6EFF65F947E918FC6A.taxon	description	Figs 15 E, 21 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBD0C6EFF65F947E918FC6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1847 / 0058 / 0889, SL: 18.6 mm, MD: 10.1 mm, Seyithasan (Turkey), Serravallian (Middle Miocene), illustrated in Landau et al. (2013: pl. 21, fig. 10), Figs 21 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1847 / 0058 / 0979, SL: 18.6 mm, MD: 8.7 mm, Seyithasan (Turkey), Serravallian (Middle Miocene), illustrated in Landau et al. (2013: pl. 21, fig. 11), Figs 21 B 1 – B 3. Paratypes. Additional paratypes: NHMW 1847 / 0058 / 1694 / 1, RGM 783 889 / 1, Akboğaz at Lale River; NHMW 1847 / 0058 / 0889 / 1, 1847 / 0058 / 0890 / 12, RGM 784 005 / 1, Seyithasan (Turkey). RGM 784 005, Seyithasan (Turkey), Fig. 15 E. Type locality. Seyithasan (Turkey). Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Týrtar Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, Serravallian.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBD0C6EFF65F947E918FC6A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to Anatolia in Turkey.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBD0C6EFF65F947E918FC6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, ovate-biconic shell with sculpture of broad, wide-spaced axial ribs overrun by prominent spiral cords, weakly shouldered last whorl with deep concavity between first two spiral cords, narrow elongate aperture with parietal and anal denticles almost touching, and relatively straight outer lip.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBD0C6EFF65F947E918FC6A.taxon	description	Description. Small, ovate-biconic shell of up to six teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 55 °. Protoconch conical of 2.25 moderately convex whorls; diameter: 520 μm, height: 280 μm. Early teleoconch whorls almost flat sided with wide-spaced axial ribs, separated by wider interspaces, overrun by three prominent spiral cords. Later teleoconch whorls with weak mid-whorl angulation and prominent concavity between adapical and mid spiral cord. Last whorl high, attaining 70 % of total height, weakly shouldered, moderately convex at periphery, moderately constricted at base, bearing nine wide-spaced axial ribs, fading over base, overrun by ten primary spiral cords over whorl and base, 1 – 2 delicate secondary spiral threads intercalated between primaries; fasciole slightly swollen, with prominent spiral cords, forming distinct umbilical chink. Aperture narrow, elongate. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Columella moderately excavated in upper half, weakly twisted at siphonal canal. Anal canal narrowly U-shaped, deeply incised into thick alate adapical tip of aperture. Prominent parietal denticle and larger, broader anal denticle almost touching. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix, with crenulated margin and up to six prominent denticles close behind peristome; distance between anal denticle and adapical denticle slightly wider than that between lower denticles; denticles only slightly weakening abapically. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately wide, slightly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBD0C6EFF65F947E918FC6A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Aplus anatolicus nov. sp. differs from the Paratethyan Aplus zebus (De Gregorio, 1885 a) in its slenderer outline less excavated columella, and relatively straight outer lip. In addition, it has only one or two secondary spiral cord intercalated instead of three. Aplus exsculptus (Dujardin, 1837), from the Langhian of the Loire Basin, is morphologically closer to Aplus anatolicus compared to Aplus zebus, but differs in its squatter shape, tubercular sculpture and especially in its protoconch of only 1.5 whorls (see Glibert 1952: pl. 8, fig. 12 and Lozouet (2021: pl. 41, fig. 10, text-figs 6 j – k). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Akboğaz at Lale River, Lale, Seyithasan (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Genus Dianthiphos Watters, 2009	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBD0C6EFF65F947E918FC6A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pisania bernardoi Costa & Gomes, 1998; original designation by Watters (2009: 257). Present-day, western Atlantic. Original diagnosis. “ Fusiform; spire ca. 50 % of length. Protoconch bulbous, 1.5 whorls, smooth, pink in the two known species. Teleoconch of 5 whorls, with spiral threads and axial ribs that become obsolete on last whorl. Single, thick, terminal varix. Columella angled at siphonal canal with a single denticle bounding anal canal. No internal lirae. Siphonal canal short, open. ” (Watters 2009: 257). Included Miocene species. Hilda sacyi (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1923) from the Burdigalian (Early Miocene) of Saucats (France) (see Cossmann & Peyrot 1923: 297, pl. 16, fig. 46, pl. 17, figs 5 – 6, 19); Tritonidea productocostata (Sacco, 1904) from the Burdigalian (Early Miocene) of the Colli Torinesi (Italy) (see Sacco 1904: 59, pl. 14, figs 69 – 70); Pollia varians sensu Bellardi, 1873 [non Monostiolum varians (Michelotti, 1847)], from the Burdigalian and Langhian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy) (see Bellardi 1873: 180, pl. 12, fig. 19); Pisania klaudiae Kovács & Vicián, 2023, from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Hungary, Austria and Romania; Fusus philippi Michelotti, 1847 from the Tortonian (Late Miocene) of Stazzano (Italy) (see Michelotti 1847: 277, pl. 9, fig. 20; Bellardi 1873: 179, pl. 12, fig. 18). Stratigraphic and geographic range. Early to Late Miocene, (Burdigalian to Tortonian); Proto-Mediterranean Sea, Central Paratethys Sea, northeastern Atlantic, Present-day, western Atlantic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFBD0C6EFF65F947E918FC6A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The genus was known so far only from two extant species from the western Atlantic: Dianthiphos bernardoi (Costa & Gomes, 1998) and D. electrum Watters, 2009. ‘ Pisania’ klaudiae Kovács & Vicián, 2023 is especially similar to Dianthiphos bernardoi in shape and sculpture. It is difficult to define features that would reliably separate the Miocene species from Dianthiphos. Consequently, we suspect that Dianthiphos is rooted in the Miocene of the Circum-Mediterranean Region. Hilda Hoernes & Auinger, 1884 is distinguished from Dianthiphos by its stronger spiral sculpture, which is retained throughout ontogeny. Both genera seem to be closely related.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB30C6BFF65FBD2EDEDFEE2.taxon	description	Figs 15 I, 22 A – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB30C6BFF65FBD2EDEDFEE2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: HNHM, PAL 2023.31. 1., SL 21.8 mm, MD 10.8 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián 2023: figs 12 J, K, L. Paratype: HNHM, PAL 2023.32. 1., SL 12.5 mm, MD 6.1 mm, Letkés (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács & Vicián 2023: figs 12 P, Q. Illustrated material. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0144, SL: 27.9 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1852: pl. 13, fig. 16), Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 22 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0664, SL: 26.1 mm, MD: 12.3 mm, Gainfarn or Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 22 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 1263, SL: 26.3 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 22 C. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1126, SL: 24.1 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 22 D 1 – D 3. NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1113, SL: 26.2 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 22 E 1 – E 2. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0144 a, SL: 16.4 mm, MD: 7.7 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 15 I. Additional material. 2 spec., 1855 / 0045 / 0664, Gainfarn or Steinebrunn (Austria). NHMW 1857 / 0014 / 0209, SL: 16.4 mm, MD: 7.8 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1852: pl. 13, fig. 16), Steinebrunn (Austria). 9 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0026, Gainfarn (Austria). 8 spec., NHMW 1871 / 0010 / 0336, Steinebrunn (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB30C6BFF65FBD2EDEDFEE2.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, solid, moderately slender, fusiform shell; apical angle ~ 48 °. Protoconch large, conical of about three whorls (nucleus not preserved in available material); diameter: 1200 μm, height:> 1200 μm. Teleoconch of five whorls. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with moderately incised suture. Sculpture of broad axial ribs, separated by narrower interspaces, overrun by four broad spiral cords swollen over ribs; secondary spiral cords intercalated on second and third teleoconch whorls; tertiary threads on third and fourth whorls. Abapically, sculpture becomes indistinct; axials disappear, and cords weaken, leaving distinct growth lines, forming delicate, cancellate sculpture in spiral interspaces on last whorl. Last whorl attaining 62 – 65 % of total height, moderately convex, slowly contracting at base; terminal varix prominent; one further varix present on last whorl in some specimens; fasciole indistinct covered by numerous spiral cords. Aperture moderately narrow, ovate. Columella moderately excavated, weakly angled at transition to siphonal canal, bearing a few weak denticles, decreasing in strength adapically. Columellar callus forming broad rim, thickened abapically, thinning in parietal region, moderately delimited from base. Anal canal incised, U-shaped, with distinct parietal denticle and strong bifid anal denticle. Outer lip thickened bearing about 16 prominent elongated denticles close behind peristome. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, shallowly notched. Paratethyan synonyms. Buccinum tritonium is a nomen nudum, introduced by Paul Maria Partsch (1791 – 1856) on collection labels, cited later by Hauer (1837) and Hörnes (1848). This name is also a homonym of Buccinum tritonium de Blainville, 1826 [= Tritia varicosa (W. Turton, 1825)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB30C6BFF65FBD2EDEDFEE2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Dianthiphos klaudiae (Kovács & Vicián, 2023) was identified as Dianthiphos philippi (Michelotti, 1847) by Hörnes (1853) and Hoernes & Auinger (1890), which was described from the Late Miocene of Stazzano (Italy) by Michelotti (1847: 277, pl. 9, fig. 20) and Bellardi (1873: 179, pl. 12, fig. 18). Both species are similar in shape and general sculpture, but Dianthiphos philippi differs in its more prominent axial sculpture, the more numerous lirae in the outer lip and the broader and thicker columellar callus. Moreover, Dianthiphos philippi attains about 31 mm in height and is larger than Dianthiphos klaudiae. The extant Cancellopollia gracilis Vermeij & Bouchet, 1998, from New Caledonia, type species of Cancellopollia Vermeij & Bouchet, 1998, is also reminiscent of the Paratethyan species in general outline and sculpture but has numerous low axial ribs on the last whorl, bearing delicate nodes at the intersections with the spiral cords. Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, inner neritic; the occurrences at Gainfarn and Steinebrunn suggest the vicinity of sea grass (Zuschin et al. 2007; own data).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB30C6BFF65FBD2EDEDFEE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria), Jerutek, Drnovice u Vyškova (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Gainfarn, Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2023). Genus Hilda Hoernes & Auinger, 1884	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB30C6BFF65FBD2EDEDFEE2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Triton (Hilda) transsylvanicum Hoernes & Auinger 1884, by monotypy. Middle Miocene, Romania Original diagnosis. “ differs from typical Epidromus [= Colubraria Schumacher, 1817] shells in the lack of varices and from forms of the genus Lagena [= Pollia Gray, 1834] by its slenderer shape ” (Hoernes & Auinger 1884: 182; translated from German). Revised diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately broad fusiform with paucispiral protoconch. Sculpture of axial ribs overrun by primary, secondary and tertiary spiral cords. Axial sculpture weakening during ontogeny. Aperture ovate with broadly excavated columella, angled transition into moderately long siphonal canal. Anal canal accentuated by parietal knob and prominent, often bifid, adapical anal denticle within outer lip. Outer lip thickened with prominent elongated denticles starting at edge of outer lip, of which adapical ones form distinct pairs. Included species. Only the type species is known. Stratigraphic and geographic range. Middle Miocene, Central Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB30C6BFF65FBD2EDEDFEE2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The type species of Hilda was placed in Pisania by Beu & Maxwell (1987) [type species Voluta syracusana Gmelin, 1791 = Pisania striata (Gmelin, 1791); subsequent designation by Bucquoy et al. (1882: 25), but see ICZN Opinion 740, 1965. Present-day, Mediterranean Sea]. The original diagnosis of Pisania is “ Shell ovate subfusiform. Aperture ovate, slightly emarginate, with a very short or nearly absent canal. Columella with folds or transverse teeth. The inside of the lip is serrated. Columellar lip thin, adnate. ” (Bivona e Bernardi 1832: 10, translated from Latin). Pisania species, as reviewed by Cernohorsky (1971), comprise ovate shells with weakly incised suture and weak axial sculpture, which is restricted to the early teleoconch whorls. Hilda differs from Pisania species in its deeper suture, the well separated and narrower siphonal canal, the broad and well defined columellar lip which bears prominent denticles, and the longer and more prominent denticles in the outer lip, which reach to the peristome. Like Hilda, some Pisania species may also form paired denticles [e. g., Pisania fasciculata (Reeve, 1846 b)], but not the type species Pisania striata. Moreover, the prominent spiral and axial sculpture is quite atypical for Pisania. Therefore, we reject the synonymization of Hilda with Pisania, as proposed by Beu & Maxwell (1987), and resurrect Hilda as valid genus. The occurrence of Pisania in the Mediterranean Miocene will need revision. Unambiguous occurrences of the genus start in the Pliocene (Brunetti & Della Bella 2016). Hilda is reminiscent of the extant Sinetectula Fraussen & Vermeij, 2021 from the Indo-West Pacific [type species Triton egregius Reeve, 1844, original designation by Fraussen & Vermeij (2021: 157)]. They are distinguished by the row of prominent denticles in the outer lip in Sinetectula, whereas Hilda develops roughly paired denticles. Species of the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific genus Bailya Smith, 1944 [type species Triton anomalus Hinds, 1844; present-day, Panama] have a similar shell outline, but differ in their smooth columella, which lacks an angulation at the transition to the siphonal canal, the nearly smooth outer lip and the prominent axial sculpture on the last whorl (see Watters 2009: 246). Hilda is distinguished from Aplus De Gregorio, 1885 a by its peculiar dentition of the outer lip. In Hilda, denticles start directly at the edge of the outer lip but are situated slightly behind the peristome in Aplus. Hilda is slenderer fusiform than Aplus. The extant western Atlantic Gemophos filistriatus Vermeij, 2006 is a similar species and develops almost identical sculpture as Hilda, and also has a bifid anal denticle. However, it differs from Hilda in its broad ovate shell, narrow siphonal canal and flaring basal margin of the outer lip. Except for Gemophos filistriatus, which is rather atypical for the genus, the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Gemophos Olsson & Harbison, 1953 is characterized by squat, biconic shells with thickened outer lip and narrow, deeply incised siphonal canal [type species Gemophos gemmatus (Reeve, 1846 a); present-day, eastern Pacific]. Hilda differs from Dianthiphos Watters, 2009 in its much stronger spiral sculpture and more prominent anal canal. We suspect that both genera are actually congeneric, and that Hilda transsylvanica is an extreme form of Dianthiphos. If that were the case, Dianthiphos would become a junior synonym of Hilda, but we refrain from synonymizing the two.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB60C69FF65FE5BE86EFD4A.taxon	description	Figs 15 F, 23 A – D * Triton (Hilda) transsylvanicum nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1884: 182, pl. 22, figs 17 – 20.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB60C69FF65FE5BE86EFD4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1876 / 0011 / 0023 a, SL: 22.1 mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 17), Figs 15 F, 23 A 1 – A 3. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1860 / 0040 / 0092, SL: 21.1 mm, MD: 10.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 18), Figs 23 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0182, SL: 19.7 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 19), Figs 23 C 1 – C 3. NHMW 1876 / 0011 / 0023 b, SL: 22.8 mm, MD: 10.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1884: pl. 22, fig. 20), Figs 23 D 1 – D 2. Additional paralectotypes: 3 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0433, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 21 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0075, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately broad fusiform shell. Apical angle 48 – 50 °. Teleoconch of up to six whorls. Protoconch broad conical of 2.25 convex whorls; diameter: 740 μm, height: 720 μm. Early teleoconch whorls low, with broad, shallow subsutural ramp, angled at shoulder, bearing two prominent spiral cords. Axial ribs widely spaced, most prominent over subsutural ramp and close to abapical suture. Suture deeply incised. Spiral cords swollen at intersections over ribs. Secondary spiral cord appears between primaries on second teleoconch whorl. Additional secondary cord appears on third whorl close to abapical suture. Subsutural ramp with two prominent secondary cords and intercalated tertiary threads. Later whorls convex with periphery below mid-whorl. Primary and secondary cords over subsutural ramp subequal in strength, separated by wide interspaces, with fine tertiary and occasional quaternary threads intercalated. Abapically axial ribs weaken, fading on fifth teleoconch whorl, cords no longer swollen over ribs, resulting in change of sculpture to only spiral cords on last 1.5 whorls. Growth lines strengthen during ontogeny becoming lamellar on last two whorls, forming finely scabrous cancellate pattern. Last whorl moderately high, attaining 65 % of total height, evenly convex, moderately constricted at base, bearing 10 – 13 primary spiral cords with secondary and tertiary threads intercalated; fasciole weak with prominent spiral cords; one broad terminal varix. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella broadly excavated, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base in adapical half, with about four weak denticles decreasing in strength adapically; callus thinning in parietal region, not sharply delimited. Anal canal wide U-shape, adjoined by small but prominent parietal denticle and bifid anal denticle. Outer lip thickened with about 13 prominent, elongated denticles starting at lip edge. Adapical eight denticles forming pairs in most specimens; anal denticle most prominent. Siphonal canal moderately short, moderately narrow, slightly bent to the left, moderately notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB60C69FF65FE5BE86EFD4A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Within Paratethyan buccinoids, this species cannot be confused with any other. Dianthiphos sacyi (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1923), from the Burdigalian of Saucats (France) shares the same general shape, although it is slightly slenderer, and the character of the labial denticles is similar, starting at the lip edge and vaguely arranged in pairs. The French species differs most notably in its higher spire and the earlier disappearance of the axial ribs. Paleoenvironment. Unknown; probably middle to outer neritic settings.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB60C69FF65FE5BE86EFD4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022); Dacian Basin: Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Genus Janiopsis Rovereto, 1899	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB60C69FF65FE5BE86EFD4A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex angulosus Brocchi, 1814, subsequent designation by Sacco (1904: 60). Pliocene, Italy. Synonyms. Jania Bellardi, 1873 [non Jania Lamouroux, 1812, Plantae, but originally described as animal (see Pacaud 2015, 2016]. Revised diagnosis. “ Medium-sized shell (H => 20 mm <60 mm), fusiform. Paucispiral or multispiral protoconch, smooth. Very robust shell, elongated, with convex teleoconch whorls, sculpture formed by axial ribs and distinct spiral cords. Outer lip, internally with folds. Aperture with wide siphonal canal, straight columella, plicate. Umbilicus absent. ” (Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: 27, translated from Italian). Species included. Fusus maxillosus Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840, Early Miocene, Proto-Mediterranean Sea; Janiopsis vindobonensis nov. sp., Middle Miocene, Central Paratethys Sea; Murex angulosus Brocchi, 1814, Late Miocene to Pliocene, Mediterranean Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB60C69FF65FE5BE86EFD4A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Janiopsis is characterized by its peculiar aperture with a large columellar denticle, large parietal and anal denticles, and three very large and blunt denticles in the outer lip. Despite these distinctive features, a very heterogeneous group of species is currently placed in the genus Janiopsis by MolluscaBase Eds. (2021 b). Several Paleocene and Eocene species from France have been placed in Janiopsis (as Jania Bellardi, 1873) by Pacaud (2015), which differ from the Neogene type by the more numerous and less prominent denticles in the outer lip and the much weaker or obsolete columellar, parietal and anal denticles [e. g., ‘ J. ’ calvimontensis (Cossmann, 1889), ‘ J. ’ colridusensis (Pacaud & Leroy in Pacaud, 2015), ‘ J. ’ funiculosa (Deshayes, 1835), ‘ J. ’ heberti (Watelet, 1851), ‘ J. ’ minor (Deshayes, 1864), ‘ J. ’ parisiensis (Deshayes, 1834), ‘ J. ’ schlumbergeri (Cossmann, 1889)]. The numerous denticles in the outer lip distinguish also the Hungarian Eocene ‘ Janiopsis’ dudariensis Strausz, 1966 b from Janiopsis. Similarly, the Pliocene ‘ J. ’ hirasei MacNeil, 1961 from Japan and ‘ J. ’ exhexagonus (Vredenburg, 1925), from the Early Miocene of Pakistan are clearly not congeneric with the Neogene type species Janiopsis angulosa. Herein we recognize only the Early Miocene Janiopsis maxillosa (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840), the Middle Miocene Janiopsis vindobonensis nov. sp. and the Late Miocene to Pliocene Janiopsis angulosa (Brocchi, 1814) in Janiopsis. ‘ Janiopsis ’ labrosa (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840), from the Early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), lacks the characteristic columellar denticle and blunt denticles in the outer lip and is excluded herein from Janiopsis (Bellardi 1873: pl. 11, fig. 7; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 4, fig. 8).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	description	Figs 15 G, 24 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	description	J [aniopsis]. angulosa (Brocchi) — Sieber 1958: 151 [non Janiopsis angulosa (Brocchi, 1814)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1850 / 0009 / 0002, SL: 35.8 mm, MD: 16.3 mm, Baden (Austria), Hörnes (1853: pl. 25, fig 1), Figs 15 G, 24 B 1 – B 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1876 / 0010 / 0029, SL: 50.0 mm, MD: 20.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885; pl. 27, figs 11), Figs 24 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0399, SL: 34.4 mm, MD: 16.7 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 24 C. Additional material. 5 spec., NHMW 2023 / 0355 / 0001, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 1 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0013 / 0094, Enzesfeld (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1208, Möllersdorf (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0003 / 0118, Forchtenau (Austria). Type locality. Baden (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silty clay of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the city of Vienna (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell with moderately incised suture, broad conical protoconch of three smooth whorls, early teleoconch whorls with ten axial ribs, relatively strong spiral sculpture, apertural armature typical for genus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform of up to six teleoconch whorls with moderately incised suture; apical angle ~ 50 °. Large, broad conical protoconch of three smooth, convex whorls, diameter: 1200 μm, height: 900 μm. Early teleoconch whorls strongly convex with periphery slightly below mid-whorl. Sculpture of prominent axial ribs (ten ribs on first teleoconch whorl), separated by slightly wider interspaces, overrun by three spiral cords on subsutural ramp, two more prominent spiral cords along periphery and two weaker spiral cords at abapical suture. Later teleoconch whorls faintly shouldered, with broad, weakly convex subsutural ramp and rounded periphery, axial ribs broadening and weakening adapically over subsutural ramp, spiral sculpture of cords of primary to tertiary strength, with very fine, lamellar growth lines in interspaces. Last whorl attaining ~ 65 % of total height, with concave subsutural ramp, roundly angled at shoulder, moderately constricted at base, bearing 9 – 10 axial ribs, most prominent mid-whorl, fading over base, and about 12 primary cords below shoulder, with one secondary and two tertiaries intercalated in each interspace; fasciole indistinct, broad, bearing a further five spiral cords. Aperture moderately narrow, elongate ovate. Columella strongly excavated in upper half; transition to siphonal canal angled with prominent denticle. Anal canal narrow U-shaped, accentuated by prominent parietal denticle and even larger anal denticle. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base, thinner in parietal area. Outer lip thickened slightly behind sharp peristome, bearing three large denticles close behind peristome, decreasing in strength abapically. Distance between anal denticle and adapical denticle of outer lip usually slightly wider than between other denticles. Siphonal canal long, relatively wide, slightly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was confused with Janiopsis angulosa (Brocchi, 1814) by most authors, but differs from the Late Miocene to Pliocene Italian species in its protoconch. Janiopsis angulosa has only two protoconch whorls and a less pointed nucleus. We note that Brunetti & Della Bella (2016: 25) described 2.5 protoconch whorls. However, their figure (2016, fig. 16 H) suggests a maximum of just over two whorls. In any case, it has about one whorl less than the Paratethyan species. In addition, Janiopsis angulosa has fewer and more widely spaced axial ribs on the first two teleoconch whorls (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: 27, fig. 16 H). Nevertheless, Janiopsis angulosa is closely related to J. vindobonensis nov. sp. Their protoconch morphologies suggest that there has been a shortening of the planktotrophic stage over time. Janiopsis maxillosa (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840), from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), differs in its much broader outline and weaker spiral sculpture (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 5, fig. 4). Specimens from the early Badenian of Grund (Austria), illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1885: 231, pl. 27, figs 13 – 14) as Jania angulosa, differ by the presence of about 8 – 10 denticles in the outer lip and are neither conspecific with Janiopsis vindobonensis nor with J. angulosa. Unfortunately, the specimens are lost and their systematic status remains unclear. Herein, these specimens are discussed as Prodotia? sp. Paleoenvironment. The occurrences in the Baden Formation at Baden, Bad Vöslau and Möllersdorf in the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic environments in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau and Möllersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Bükk Mountains: Balaton, Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1970, 1972); Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885); Dacian Basin: Staropatica (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Northeastern Atlantic: Specimens from the Langhian of Saubrigues in the Aquitaine Basin (France), described by Peyrot (1925) as Janiopsis angulosa might represent a northeastern Atlantic record of J. vindobonensis but we have not seen French specimens and have no information on the protoconch (see Peyrot 1925: 197, pl. 4, figs 59 – 60). Genus Monostiolum Dall, 1904	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Triton swifti Tryon, 1881 [= Monostiolum tessellatum (Reeve, 1844)], original designation by Dall (1904: 136). Present-day, Western Atlantic. Original diagnosis. “ Shell small, with elevated spire and a single terminal varix: nucleus with the protoconch immersed in the nepionic whorl leaving an apical pit; next later whorls axially ribbed, the ribs obsolete on the subsequent whorls of the adult; […] sutures appressed. ” (Dall 1904: 136). Included European Neogene species. Triton varians Michelotti, 1847, Burdigalian / Langhian (Early / Middle Miocene), Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Philbertia hungarica Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1954, Langhian / Badenian (Middle Miocene), Central Paratethys Sea; Monostiolum sp., Serravallian (Middle Miocene), Proto-Mediterranean Sea (Landau et al. 2013).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFB40C77FF65FCF2EFFEF9D6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Watters & Finlay (1989: 48) provided a slightly more detailed diagnosis emphasizing the blunt protoconch of 1.5 whorls, weak denticles in the outer lip and a denticle delimiting the anal canal. The presence of this genus in the Miocene of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea was already documented by Landau et al. (2013: 169), based on a specimen from the Serravallian of Turkey. Those authors discussed a placement of ‘ Pollia varians’ sensu Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 [= Monostiolum hungaricum (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1954) in Monostiolum. Doubts remained, because extant species of Monostiolum are restricted to the Western Atlantic (Watters & Finlay 1989) and because the specimen from the Serravallian of Turkey lacked the typical parietal denticle of Monostiolum. Herein, we tentatively follow Landau et al. (2013) for the Paratethyan species described below as Monostiolum hungaricum (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1954) due to its general similarity with extant Monostiolum species. All Monostiolum species described by Watters & Finlay (1989) have blunt paucispiral protoconchs, whereas the Paratethyan species has a high conical protoconch of three whorls. Protoconch features, however, may vary within a genus and should not be used as sole feature to separate genera. In addition, the Paratethyan species lacks a prominent anal denticle (typical for most Monostiolum species) and has a very prominent denticle on the columella at the transition to the siphonal canal (atypical for most Monostiolum species). Nevertheless, a weak to subobsolete anal denticle and a relatively prominent columellar denticle occur is some extant Western Atlantic species, such as Monostiolum auratum Watters & Finlay, 1989, Monostiolum rosewateri Watters & Finlay, 1989 and Monostiolum fumosum Watters, 2009 (see Watters & Finlay 1989; Watters 2009).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAA0C75FF65F94FE8EEFD4A.taxon	description	Figs 15 H, 25 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAA0C75FF65F94FE8EEFD4A.taxon	materials_examined	Illustrated material. NHMW 2023 / 0348 / 0003, SL: 15.1 mm, MD: 5.7 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 25 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0348, SL: 14.3 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria); illustrated in Hörnes (1856: pl. 51, fig. 3), Figs 25 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0561, SL: 14.9 mm, MD: 5.7 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 25 C. NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0094, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 5.9 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 15 H, 25 D. Additional material. 53 spec., NHMW 1871 / 0010 / 0338, Steinebrunn (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 2023 / 0348 / 0004, Steinebrunn (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0658, Niederleis (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1862 / 0033 / 0023, Pöls (Austria); 21 spec., NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0075, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 8 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0043 / 0012, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Medium-sized, slender shell of up to six teleoconch whorls with weakly cyrtoconoid spire; apical angle ~ 50 °. Protoconch moderately high conical of three weakly convex whorls; diameter: 680 μm, height: 620 μm. Second protoconch whorl weakly carinate below mid-whorl. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex, periphery close above deeply incised suture. Sculpture of broad, prominent axial ribs, separated by slightly narrower interspaces, overrun by three broad spiral cords weakly swollen over ribs. On second teleoconch whorl adapical spiral cord splits into two primary cords. Later whorls strongly increasing in height, becoming increasingly convex. Single secondary cord becomes intercalated in each spiral interspace, rapidly increasing in strength and becoming equal to primaries in some specimens (Figs 25 A, B, D), or remaining slightly weaker in others (Fig. 25 C). Last whorl attaining ~ 40 % of total height, moderately convex, with moderately constricted base, bearing about 18 – 20 subequal spiral cords, swollen to weakly nodulose over ribs, with occasional tertiary thread intercalated in some interspaces; fasciole broad, indistinct with prominent spiral cords. Aperture narrow, ovate, Columella weakly excavated, distinctly angled at transition to siphonal canal, accentuated by prominent denticle, smooth above. Columellar callus forming broad, prominent rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal moderately incised Ushaped, adjoined by low parietal denticle. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix, with about 10 – 12 prominent, elongate denticles slightly behind peristome, lowermost denticle at transition to siphonal canal slightly stronger, oriented in axial direction. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, shallowly notched, slightly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAA0C75FF65F94FE8EEFD4A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Kovács & Vicián (2023) studied the holotype of Philbertia hungarica Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1954 and recognized that it was conspecific with the species described by Hörnes (1856) and (Hoernes & Auinger 1890) as Triton varians and Pollia varians respectively. Monostiolum hungaricum was identified as Triton varians Michelotti, 1847 by Hörnes (1856) and subsequent authors. The Italian species was illustrated in Michelotti (1847: 250, pl. 16, fig. 10). In addition, we consider Pollia angusta Bellardi, 1873 to be conspecific with Monostiolum varians (see Bellardi 1873: 181, pl. 12, fig. 20). Based on these two illustrations, Monostiolum hungaricum differs from M. varians in its higher spire, more convex whorls and more deeply incised suture. In his Latin description, Bellardi (1873: 181) emphasized the prominent axial ribs and weak spiral sculpture of M. varians, whereas the Paratethyan species has weak axial ribs and prominent spiral sculpture. Nevertheless, better illustrations and descriptions of M. varians will be needed to clarify its relation to M. hungaricum. The specimen illustrated by Kovács & Vicián (2023) has an extra varix at 180 degrees from the terminal varix and is not fully grown. Its terminal varix is not fully formed and labial denticles are absent. The specimen illustrated by Bellardi (1873: 180, pl. 12, fig. 19) as Pollia varians has a short spire and an inflated last whorl and is placed herein in Dianthiphos. Tritonidea productocostata Sacco, 1904, established as subspecies of Tritonidea varians by Sacco (1904: 59, pl. 14, figs 69 – 70) differs from M. varians and M. hungaricum in its fewer and wider spaced spiral cords. This species is also placed in Dianthiphos by us. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAA0C75FF65F94FE8EEFD4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn, Niederleis (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Styrian Basin: Pöls (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Bánd, Letkés, Márkháza (Hungary) (Vicián et al. 2017); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Vicián et al. 2017); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA80C75FF65FCF3EEE0F91E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. “ Shell small- to medium-sized, varying from narrowly fusiform, nearly turriform to broadly biconic with short to medium-long siphonal canal. Protoconch medium-large, with up to four smooth, glossy whorls. Axial sculpture of broad rounded axial ribs of varying strength. Spiral sculpture of distinct, closely spaced cords forming spirally elongated nodules, or raised minute tubercles at intersection with spiral cords. Aperture ovate or elongated; outer aperture lip lirate, or distinctly denticulated; inner lip calloused, with parietal and anal knobs, often bearing denticles. ” (Kantor et al. 2022: 835).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA80C75FF65FCF3EEE0F91E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Extant species of this family occur in the Indo-Pacific and the tropical Atlantic, at intertidal to subtidal depths (Kantor et al. 2022). This family has not been recorded so far from Neogene deposits of the Circum-Mediterranean Region. Genus Prodotia Dall, 1924	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA80C75FF65FCF3EEE0F91E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Phos billeheusti Petit de la Saussaye, 1853 [= Prodotia iostoma (J. E. Gray, 1833)], original designation by Dall (1924: 89). Present-day, Pacific. Original diagnosis. Dall (1924) did not provide a diagnosis. Revised diagnosis. Medium-sized fusiform shells with relatively high spire. Whorl profile weakly convex to slightly shouldered. Sculpture of more or less prominent axial ribs overrun by spiral cords often prominently swollen over ribs. Pointed tubercles may occur along shoulder. Aperture relatively narrow. Columella excavated with few denticles, being most prominent in adapical part. Anal canal accentuated by parietal denticle and corresponding denticle in outer lip. Aperture with terminal varix. Outer lip with up to 11 denticles, some of which may be lirate. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately wide, weakly deflected (based on species included in genus by Kantor et al. 2022; see also Cernohorsky 1975: 177).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA80C73FF65F907EC95FE72.taxon	description	Figs 26 A – C * Turbinella (Latirus) fusiformis nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 269, pl. 33, figs 10 a – c. non Cantharus (Pollia) fusiformis Hoernes et Auinger — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: pl. 4, figs 16 – 18 [= Europhos sp.].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA80C73FF65F907EC95FE72.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1858 / 0045 / 0594, SL: 17.4 mm, MD: 7.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 33, fig. 10), Figs 26 A 1 – A 2. Paralectotypes: NHMW 2023 / 0356 / 0001, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, Rudice (Czech Republic); Figs 26 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1860 / 0040 / 0119, SL: 16.7 mm, MD: 7.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 26 C 1 – C 2. Revised description. Small, moderately slender fusiform shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle 39 – 42 °. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with deeply incised, shallowly undulating suture. Sculpture of prominent, broad, prosocline axial ribs, separated by narrower interspaces, overrun by three prominent, convex spiral cords separated by deeply incised interspaces bearing fine spiral threads. Primary cords strongly swollen over axials forming spirally elongated tubercles. On third to fourth teleoconch whorl, adapical cord splits into two close-set spirals. Last whorl attaining ~ 58 % of total height, periphery evenly convex, moderately constricted at base, bearing prominent axial ribs (seven ribs on first teleoconch whorl) overrun by about ten spiral cords, tubercular at intersections, weakening over base; fasciole indistinct with narrow spiral cords. Aperture narrowly ovate. Columella moderately excavated in upper half, with three prominent denticles (not folds) on abapical half. Columellar callus forming broad, robust rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal broadly Ushaped, accentuated by small parietal denticle and bifid anal denticle. Outer lip strongly thickened by terminal varix. Three prominent wide-spaced knob-like denticles in outer lip with one or two much weaker denticles between lower pair and another weak denticle above adapical denticle. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately wide, weakly deflected, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA80C73FF65F907EC95FE72.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Placement of the Paratethyan species in Prodotia is tentative and based especially on its resemblance with the extant Prodotia castanea (Melvill, 1912) from the Persian Gulf (e. g., Cernohorsky 1975: fig. 65). Vermeij (2006: 86) stated that Prodotia differed from ‘ Anna ’ (= Aplus De Gregorio, 1885) by having long lirae instead of denticles on the inner side of the outer lip. This feature, however, is not present in all species treated as Prodotia by Cernohorsky (1986) and Kantor et al. (2022). According to Vermeij (2006), the oldest representative of Prodotia is Peristernia waluensis Ladd, 1977 from the Early Miocene of Fiji (Ladd 1977: pl. 18, fig. 13), which is, however, quite unlike the Paratethyan species. Species of Clivipollia Iredale, 1929 [type species Clivipollia imperita Iredale, 1929 (= Clivipollia pulchra (Reeve, 1846 a), by monotypy], present-day, Indo-West Pacific], differ in their stout biconic shape. The stout outline with conical base distinguishes also Speccappollia Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016 and Minioniella Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016 from Prodotia fusiformis (see Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2016 a for a revision of this group). The monotypic Enzinopsis Iredale, 1940 [type species Engina gannita Hedley, 1914 (= Enzinopsis contracta (Reeve, 1846 a )), present-day, Indo-West Pacific)] differs mainly in its shorter spire, higher number of denticles on the columellar callus and the more numerous denticles along the outer lip (see Kantor et al. 2022: fig 19 F). The Pisaniidae genus Monostiolum Dall, 1904, as revised by Watters & Finlay (1989), is superficially similar but differs in its slenderer outline, higher spire, higher, less convex last whorl and spiral sculpture of more numerous spiral cords. The Paratethyan species is also strikingly similar to a group of Miocene-Lower Pliocene species from the Atlantic of northwestern France placed by Landau et al. (2019: 165) in the columbellid genus Nassarina Dall, 1889 [type species (by original designation) Nassarina bushii Dall, 1889 (= Nassarina bushiae (Dall, 1889 )), present-day, Caribbean]. However, all those species that include Nassarina collyrata (Millet, 1865), N. hordacea (Millet, 1865) and N. milleti (Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2017) have strongly cancellate sculpture and no parietal denticle. Paleoenvironment. Unknown, probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA80C73FF65F907EC95FE72.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Rudice (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	description	Figs 27 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 1085, SL: 44.0 mm, MD: 19.3 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 27, fig. 13), Figs 27 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0274, SL: 46.6 mm, MD: 21.6 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1885: pl. 27, fig. 14), Figs 27 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0689, SL: 43.8 mm, MD: 19.7 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 27 C 1 – C 2. Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Sandy silt of the Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Godfrid Wessely (OMV-AG), grandseigneur of the geology of the Vienna Basin.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Moderately large, moderately slender fusiform shell with prominent axial ribs overrun by several close-set spiral cords; columella with two merged denticles close to angled transition to siphonal canal. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix with eight or ten elongate denticles placed some distance behind peristome.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	description	Description. Moderately large, moderately slender fusiform shell of seven teleoconch whorls with high spire; apical angle ~ 50 °. Spire whorls moderately convex with faintly concave subsutural ramp, weakly angled at shoulder forming periphery mid-whorl, separated by moderately incised, shallowly undulating suture. Sculpture of broad, prominent axial ribs overrun by several close-set spiral cords of alternating strength. Last whorl high, attaining 60 % of total height, broad slightly concave to convex subsutural ramp delimited by weak shoulder, strongly constricted at base, bearing about 12 axial ribs, persisting over base, overrun by spirals of alternating strength over entire surface. Aperture elongate pyriform, moderately narrow. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Columella moderately excavated with two merged denticles close to angled transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal broad U-shaped, accentuated by prominent parietal denticle. Weak anal denticle. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix with eight or ten elongate denticles placed some distance behind peristome, roughly arranged in pairs. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately wide, slightly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was placed in Janiopsis Rovereto, 1889 by Hoernes & Auinger (1885) but lacks the strong anal denticle characteristic to that genus and has paired labial denticles. We provisionally place it in Prodotia based on its apertural features but note that the prominent axial ribs of the Paratethyan species are atypical for that genus.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1885). Genus Tethyspollia nov. gen.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pollia mariae Hoernes & Auinger, 1890. Middle Miocene, Central Paratethys Sea.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, biconic shell with prominent sculpture of primary and secondary spiral cords overriding broad axial ribs. Aperture narrowed by apertural armature, with several columellar folds, anal canal indistinct, lacking parietal and anal denticles. Outer lip with very prominent denticles with upper three forming palatal swelling, placed some distance from adapical tip of aperture.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, biconic shell with slightly coeloconoid to conical early spire. Early teleoconch whorls low, almost flat sided with three prominent spiral cords overriding widely spaced axial ribs. Suture deeply incised causing marked incisions in shell profile. Axial and spiral sculpture prominent on later teleoconch whorls. Last whorl attaining ~ 65 – 70 % of total height, strongly convex at periphery, base moderately constricted. Aperture narrowed by apertural armature. Columella weakly to moderately excavated. Columellar callus forming prominent rim, sharply delimited from base, with three to four broad columellar folds. Anal canal indistinct. No parietal denticle, no anal denticle. Outer lip thickened with very prominent, blunt denticles, top three forming poorly delimited palatal swelling, weakening towards siphonal canal. Adapical denticle very prominent, placed some distance from adapical tip of aperture. About six long lirae deep inside aperture. Siphonal canal moderately short to moderately long.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the Tethys Ocean and to the Pisaniidae genus Pollia J. E. Gray, 1833. Included species. Pollia mariae Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 and Cantharus (Pollia) beregovi Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960. Stratigraphic and geographic range. Middle Miocene, Langhian, Central Paratethys Sea (Bulgaria, Romania). Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAE0C72FF65FDABEF2CF812.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Tethyspollia nov. gen. is characterized by the absence of parietal and anal denticles and thus belongs to a group of mainly Indo-West Pacific species with weak or subobsolete parietal and anal denticles. These species were placed by Fraussen & Stahlschmidt (2016 a) in Clivipollia Iredale, 1929, Falsilatirus Emerson & Moffitt, 1988, Speccapollia Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016 and Minioniella Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016. Of these genera, Tethyspollia is closest to Speccapollia [type species Ricinula recurva Reeve, 1846 a; original designation by Fraussen & Stahlschmidt (2016 a: 40)]. The depressed early teleoconch whorls with three prominent spiral cords of Tethyspollia mariae are very similar to those of Speccapollia in general, and the extant Speccapollia africana Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016, from Mozambique, develops a very similar shell shape. In addition, Tethyspollia mariae develops delicate lirae deep inside the aperture, also seen in Speccapollia. Speccapollia species, however, are smaller (around 10 mm in height), the anal canal is more deeply incised, flaring the adapical tip of the outer lip, and have a very weak anal denticle which is separated from the outer lip denticles by a distinct concavity. Moreover, the denticles on the outer lip of Speccapollia are much smaller.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAC0C70FF65FF7AEF99FEE2.taxon	description	Figs 15 K, 28 A – C * Pollia Mariae nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 242, pl. 27, figs 16 a – b.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAC0C70FF65FF7AEF99FEE2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1873 / 0026 / 0020, SL: 20.6 mm, MD: 10.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890, pl. 27, fig. 16), Figs 28 B 1 – B 2. Paralectotypes, NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0441, SL: 17.8 mm, MD: 10.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 15 K, 28 A 1 – A 2; NHMW 1858 / 0043 / 0043, SL: 16.2 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 28 C. Additional material. NHMW 1858 / 0043 / 0043, SL: 15.2 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Medium-sized, squat, broad biconic shell of up to six teleoconch whorls and slightly coeloconoid early spire; apical angle 54 – 58 °, changing abruptly to 67 – 70 ° on third teleoconch whorl. Protoconch only partly preserved, paucispiral; diameter: 700 μm, height: 280 μm. First teleoconch whorl low, almost flat sided with periphery close to abapical suture. Sculpture of three prominent spiral cords overriding widely spaced, slightly prosocline axial ribs. Suture deeply incised causing marked incision in shell profile. Abapically axial ribs broaden and become swollen, roughly aligned axially along prosocline lines. Adapical spiral cord splits on third teleoconch whorl, developing into fourth primary cord; additional spiral appears at abapical suture on fourth teleoconch whorl. One narrow secondary cord intercalated between each pair of primaries on fourth whorl. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height, strongly convex at periphery, weakly constricted at base, bearing eight very broad axial ribs fading over base, overrun by about 11 primary spiral cords with one or two secondaries intercalated; distinct growth lines in spiral interspaces; fasciole broad, indistinct with several spiral cords and raised growth lines. Aperture strongly narrowed by apertural armature. Columella moderately excavated in upper half. Columellar callus forming prominent rim, sharply delimited from base, with three to four broad columellar folds. Apical part of aperture widely convex, with indistinct anal canal. No parietal denticle, no anal denticle. Outer lip thickened with very prominent, blunt denticles, adapical three forming poorly delimited palatal swelling, decreasing in strength towards siphonal canal. Adapical denticle prominent, knob-like, placed some distance from adapical tip of aperture. About six long lirae deep inside aperture, separated from denticles. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately narrow, slightly twisted with notch.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAC0C70FF65FF7AEF99FEE2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its stout biconic shape with deeply incised suture and the very prominent apertural armature, distinctly narrowing the aperture. To our knowledge, there are no other buccinoids in the Circum-Mediterranean Region with which this species could be confused. It is similar in profile to Speccapollia africana Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016 from present-day from Mozambique, but differs in the generic characters of the genus Tethyspollia nov. gen. (see generic note). Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAC0C70FF65FF7AEF99FEE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Dobrusha (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAD0C7FFF65FE5BEE8EFF7E.taxon	description	Figs 29 A 1 – A 2	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAD0C7FFF65FE5BEE8EFF7E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: specimen illustrated in Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 173, pl. 43, figs 16 a – b, SL: 22 mm, MD: 11 mm, Târnene (Bulgaria), Badenian (Middle Miocene). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type material. Revised description. Small, moderately slender fusiform shell of five teleoconch whorls; apical angle 50 °. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch whorls convex with deeply incised suture. Prominent axial ribs separated by wide interspaces overrun by three prominent spiral cords. Last whorl attaining 65 % of total height, with eight prosocline, wide-spaced axial ribs overrun by ten widely spaced spiral cords, with fine secondary threads intercalated. Aperture moderately narrow. Columella weakly excavated in upper half, with three prominent denticles. Anal canal very wide without parietal or anal denticle. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix with five very prominent denticles, upper three strongest forming weak palatal swelling, abapically slightly decreasing in size. Adapical denticle some considerably distance from anal canal. Siphonal canal moderately long, straight.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAD0C7FFF65FE5BEE8EFF7E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Our description refers to the illustration in Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov (1960), which has rather low resolution. The species is characterized by its peculiar aperture which lacks parietal and anal denticles and bears very large denticles in the outer lip. Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov (1960) already recognized its close relationship to ‘ Pollia ’ mariae Hoernes & Auinger, 1890, but placed both species in Cantharus Röding, 1798. Cantharus species, however, differ from Tethyspollia in their shouldered whorls, and much weaker lirae within the outer lip as opposed to stout denticles. Tethyspollia beregovi (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960) differs from Tethyspollia mariae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) in its higher spire, more convex spire whorls and wider spaced axial ribs. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFAD0C7FFF65FE5BEE8EFF7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Dacian Basin: Târnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7FFF65FEA7EEB7F966.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. “ Shell medium-sized to medium-large, from 10 to about 100 mm in adults, with very short to very long siphonal canal, sometimes twisted or strongly inclined abaxially. Protoconch paucispiral, usually large to very large and bulbous. Axial sculpture usually present at least on adapical whorls, of rounded axial ribs or knobs varying in strength, rarely absent. Spiral sculpture completely absent, or represented by striae or cords of variable strength and density. Outer aperture lip smooth or lirate inside, inner lip calloused, sometimes bearing a parietal knob. ” (Kantor et al. 2022: 832).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7FFF65FEA7EEB7F966.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The family was revised by Kantor et al. (2021) based on molecular data. The living Euthria J. E. Gray, 1850 and Tudicla Röding, 1798 were placed in this family by Kantor et al. (2021). In addition, the extinct Euthriofusus Cossmann, 1901, was moved into Tudiclidae by Lozouet (2021: 33) based on conchological similarities with the Tudiclidae genus Afer Conrad, 1858. The family can be traced back to the Late Oligocene with species, such as Euthriofusus peyreirensis Peyrot, 1928, from the northeastern Atlantic. This occurrence might hint at an Eocene / Early Oligocene origin in the tropical Eastern Atlantic. Cretaceous genera, listed in Tudiclidae by Saul (1988) and Harasewych (2018) belong to extinct families, such as Pyropsinae Stephenson, 1941 (within Pholidotomidae Cossmann, 1896), Perissityidae Popenoe & Saul, 1987 and Johnwyattidae Serna, 1979 (see Bandel 1993; Snyder 2003). Genus Tudicla Röding, 1798	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7FFF65FEA7EEB7F966.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Murex spirillus Linné, 1767; subsequent designation by Angas (1878: 611). Present-day, Indo-West Pacific. Revised diagnosis. “ […] rounded body whorl, distinctive inductura, a long, well-demarcated siphonal canal, as well as a sharply defined siphonal fold […] ” (Harasewych 2018: 36).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7FFF65FEA7EEB7F966.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Tudicla is characterized by an extraordinarily long siphonal canal, a blunt columellar fold and prominent parietal fold. A large, mammillate protoconch is also typical for Tudicla and some other Tudiclidae such as Afer Conrad, 1858 (Fraussen 2008; Harasewych 2018). First records of this genus probably date back to the Late Oligocene of Japan (e. g., Tudicla japonica Takeda, 1953, Tudicla ishii Matsui, 1959, see Takeda 1953: pl. 2, figs 13 – 15; Matsui 1959: pl. 2, fig. 4), but the poor preservation does not allow a clear identification. The oldest undoubted occurrences are Early Miocene records of Tudicla rusticula (de Basterot, 1825) from the Circum-Mediterranean Region. During the Middle Miocene, Tudicla hoernesi (Stur, 1870) represents a second European Tudicla species. Additional Middle Miocene species might be represented by Tudicla angulata Tate, 1888, T. costata Tate, 1888 and T. turbinata Tate, 1888 from southern Australia (age according to Squires 2011). These species will need confirmation, because the illustrations in Tate (1888) do not show any of the important apertural features. Tudicla was also reported from Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene strata (e. g., Cox 1925; Traub 1979; Abdel-Gawad 1986) but in our opinion ‘ Tudicla’ krenkeli Cox, 1925, from the Maastrichtian of Mozambique, and several species described by Abdel-Gawad (1986) from the Maastrichtian of Poland, belong in the Pyropsinae Stephenson, 1941. Similarly, Squires (2011: 1204) rejected Paleocene and Eocene occurrences and excluded these from Tudicla. For synonyms of Tudicla see Harasewych (2018: 36).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7BFF65F8DFED17FDBA.taxon	description	Figs 30 A – C, 31 A * P [yrula]. rusticula Nob. — de Basterot 1825: 68, pl. 7 fig. 9.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7BFF65F8DFED17FDBA.taxon	description	[Pyrula spirillus Lam.] var. mutica — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 1. [Pyrula spirillus Lam.] var. gigantea — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 2. [Pyrula spirillus Lam.] var. rectirostris — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 3. [Pyrula spirillus Lam.] var. aculeata — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 4. [Pyrula spirillus Lam.] var. spinifera — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 5.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7BFF65F8DFED17FDBA.taxon	description	T [udicla]. rusticula var. subacarinata Sacc. — Sacco 1904: 31, pl. 9, fig. 14. T [udicla]. rusticula var. subinermicarinata Sacc. — Sacco 1904: 31, pl. 9, figs 15 – 16. T [udicla]. rusticula var. tauroplicata Sacc. — Sacco 1904: 31, pl. 9, fig. 17.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7BFF65F8DFED17FDBA.taxon	description	T [udicla]. (T [udicla].) rusticula (Bast.) — Sieber 1958: 154. T [udicla]. (T [udicla].) rusticula altespirata Schff. — Sieber 1958: 154.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7BFF65F8DFED17FDBA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes MNHN. F. A 70753, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Léognan (France), illustrated in de Basterot (1825: pl. 7 fig. 9). Illustrated material. NHMW 1852 / 0012 / 0026, SL: 89.2 mm, MD: 57.8 mm, Grund (Austria) illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 2), holotype of Tudicla rusticula grundensis De Gregorio 1885 b, Figs 30 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1848 / 0003 / 0072, SL: 94.5 mm, MD: 72.5 mm, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria) illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 1), holotype of Tudicla rusticula mupicella De Gregorio 1885 b, Figs 30 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1878 / 0041 / 0009, SL: 74.8 mm, MD: 54.2 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Figs 30 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 1997 z 0178 / 1116, SL: 31.6 mm, MD: 24.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 31 A. Additional material. NHMW 1861 / 0050 / 0288, Gauderndorf (Austria), Eggenburgian (Early Miocene), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 50, fig. 1). NHMW 1850 / 0009 / 0036, Mörtersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 49, fig. 36); NHMW 1850 / 0009 / 0036, Mörtersdorf (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 49, fig. 37). Karpatian (Early Miocene): 2 spec., NHMW 1861 / 0050 / 0108, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1849 / 0004 / 0023, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria). Badenian (Middle Miocene): NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0043, SL: 32.2 mm, MD: 18.1 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 7); NHMW 1857 / 0028 / 0021, SL: 76.3 mm, MD: 53.2 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 3); 3 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0034, Grund (Austria); NHMW 1937 / 0002 / 0289, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1908: pl. 2, fig. 7); 7 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0043, Grund (Austria); NHMW 1853 / 0010 / 0022, SL: 63.0 mm, MD: 56.8 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 4); NHMW 1851 / 0006 / 0011, Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, figs 9 – 10); 8 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0702, Grund (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0703, Grund (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0042, Grund (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW A 928, Guntersdorf (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW D 1884 / 1599, Guntersdorf (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0497, Enzesfeld (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0016 / 0016, Baden (Austria); 1 spec., NMW 1868 / 0001 / 0084, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 1872 / 0030 / 0044, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1872 / 0030 / 0101, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0075, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0003 / 0119, Forchtenau (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0108, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania); 3 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0199, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 6 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0038 / 0023, Korytnica (Poland). Revised description. Large shell of up to six teleoconch whorls. Apical angle about 80 ° for early teleoconch whorls, rapidly increasing to 120 – 140 ° on late teleoconch whorls. Protoconch paucispiral of two whorls, high, mammillate. First two teleoconch whorls smooth with coronate carina close above abapical suture. Subsutural ramp faintly concave. On third whorl subsutural ramp broadens, weakly concave to flat, carina migrating close to abapical suture; sculpture of low, widely spaced spiral cords may appear on subsutural ramp, developed into pointed tubercles at carina, and delicate growth lines. Suture undulating around tubercles on carina. Last whorl extremely high, attaining 90 – 95 % of total height, periphery usually with two angulations; shoulder angulation typically rounded with more or less distinct tubercles; basal angulation may be equally strong and tuberculate, to lacking tubercles, to completely absent; base very strongly constricted below basal angulation; fasciole extremely long, base and fasciole covered by numerous spiral cords, often most strongly developed at junction between base and fasciole, although variable. Aperture elongate, pyriform. Columella strongly excavated mid-aperture, with blunt columellar fold at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus thin, moderately delimited from base. Anal canal weakly incised accentuated by prominent parietal fold. Outer lip thin with numerous lirae within in fully grown specimens. Siphonal canal extraordinarily long, straight but often slightly twisting, very narrow. Paratethyan synonyms. About eleven variety and subspecies names have been proposed for French and Italian specimens by Grateloup (1845), Sacco (1904), Grabau (1907) and Peyrot (1928). In addition, four names were established for morphotypes of Tudicla rusticula based on Paratethyan material by De Gregorio (1885 b) and Schaffer (1912). Especially those introduced by De Gregorio (1885 b) were overlooked by subsequent authors. Carinate specimens with only one keel were separated by de Gregorio (1885 b) as Tudicla rusticula grundensis and Tudicla rusticula reina. Specimens with relatively high spires were separated by Schaffer (1912) as Pyrula (Tudicla) rusticula altespirata. An exceptionally large specimen was named Tudicla rusticula mupicella by De Gregorio 1885 b.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7BFF65F8DFED17FDBA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The protoconch morphology and the early teleoconch agrees well with those of the present-day Tudicla spirillus (Linné, 1767) as described by Harasewych (2018: figs 1 – 3, 6), confirming the generic placement of the Miocene European species. The early teleoconch of Tudicla rusticula (de Basterot, 1825) from Bad Vöslau (Austria) is lower compared to specimens from the Burdigalian of the Aquitaine Basin in the collections of the NHMW and as illustrated by Lozouet (2021: pl. 43, figs 12 – 14). In addition, the protoconch of the Paratethyan specimen is slightly more mammillate. As we do not have enough material to describe the variability of the early spire, we prefer to treat both occurrences as conspecific. Fully grown shells are indistinguishable from French specimens. The presence of a second angulation is variable and specimens with only one carina are not uncommon. Some specimens with relatively high spire were separated by Schaffer (1912) as Tudicla rusticula altespirata. Such specimens are restricted to the Eggenburgian stage and do not occur thereafter. These specimens co-occur with typical specimens of Tudicla rusticula and therefore, we doubt that they represent a distinct species or subspecies. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA20C7BFF65F8DFED17FDBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: St. Gallen, Belpberg (Switzerland) (Rutsch 1929; Pfister & Wegmüller 2007); Eggenburg, Gauderndorf, Loibersdorf, Maigen, Mörtersdorf (Austria) (Schaffer 1912, hoc opus); Transylvanian Basin: CoruŞ (Romania) (Răileanu & Negulescu 1964). Karpatian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Laa, Neuruppersdorf (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; hoc opus), Slup (Czech Republic) (Tejkal et al. 1967); Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Rückersdorf, Stetten Wetzelsdorf (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Grund, Guntersdorf, Pernersdorf, Windpassing (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf, Vienna / Kalksburg (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; hoc opus); Styrian Basin: Pöls (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Letkés (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Mátra Mountains: Mátraverebély (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Şimleu Basin: Tusa (Romania) (Nicorici 1972); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022; hoc opus). Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian and Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Léognan, Cestas, Saucats, Peloua, Mérignac, St. Paul-les-Dax (France) (Peyrot 1928). Aquitaine Basin: Langhian (Middle Miocene): Saubrigues (France) (Peyrot 1928). Aquitaine Basin: Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Orthez, Salles, Sallespisse (France) (Peyrot 1928). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Baldissero, Termô-Fôurà, Val Ceppi (Italy) (Bellardi 1884). Langhian (Middle Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Monte dei Cappuccini, Sciolze, Rio Batteria (Italy) (Sacco 1904). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio, Stazzano, S. Agata (Italy) (Bellardi 1884; Montanaro 1935).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA60C79FF65FD6CE88EFF7E.taxon	description	Figs 30 D – E, 31 B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA60C79FF65FD6CE88EFF7E.taxon	description	1825)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA60C79FF65FD6CE88EFF7E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0908, SL: 49.9 mm, MD: 29.5 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 30 D 1 – D 3. Paralectotype: NHMW 1851 / 0013 / 0021, SL: 31.9 mm, MD: 34.9 mm, Bad Vöslau, illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 8), holotype of Tudicla rusticula ditena De Gregorio 1885 b, Figs 30 E 1 – E 2. Illustrated material. NHMW 1997 z 0178 / 1115, SL: 41.4 mm, MD: 29.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 31 B. Additional material. 8 spec., NMW 1868 / 0001 / 0036, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 1 spec. NHMW 1863 / 0004 / 0627, Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine (France). Revised description. Medium-sized shell of up to five teleoconch whorls; apical angle 95 °, rapidly increasing to 120 – 130 ° on late teleoconch whorls. Protoconch only partly preserved, mammillate. First teleoconch whorl smooth, with coronate carina placed just above abapical suture. Subsutural ramp faintly convex, becoming slightly concave on second teleoconch whorl. Carina at abapical suture from second teleoconch whorl onwards largely covered by subsequent whorl. Last whorl high, attaining 92 – 95 % of total height, with broad, shallow, weakly convex subsutural ramp; periphery with two rounded angulations; shoulder angulation slightly stronger; basal angulation weak; base very strongly constricted below basal angulation; sculpture of numerous, low, close-set spiral cords separated by narrower interspaces, more strongly developed at junction between base and fasciole; fasciole almost smooth. Aperture elongate, pyriform. Columellar callus hardly thickened, forming narrow rim, poorly delimited, small parietal pad developed adapically. Columella strongly excavated mid-aperture, with broad, prominent parietal fold bearing about five delicate lirae weakening adapically. Anal canal narrowly incised accentuated by prominent parietal fold. Outer lip thin with numerous lirae starting some distance behind peristome, extending deep within aperture, and weakening inwards. Siphonal canal extraordinarily long, straight, narrow. Paratethyan synonyms. De Gregorio (1885 b) overlooked that Stur (1870) had already provided a name for this species and introduced Tudicla rusticula ditena as new name for the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 8), which is the lectotype of Tudicla hoernesi. In addition, De Gregorio, 1885 b introduced Tudicla rusticula trota for the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 9), which is a paralectotype of T. hoernesi. Therefore, Tudicla ditena De Gregorio, 1885 b and Tudicla trota are objective junior synonyms of T. hoernesi.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA60C79FF65FD6CE88EFF7E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Tudicla hoernesi (Stur, 1870) differs from Tudicla rusticula (de Basterot, 1825) in its convex last whorl and lack of distinct angulations and tubercles. It develops a small parietal callus with a narrowly incised anal canal. Moreover, the early teleoconch of Tudicla hoernesi differs from Tudicla rusticula by the presence of only one carinate teleoconch whorl, as the carina is already covered by the subsequent whorl on the second teleoconch whorl. The most distinctive feature separating the two is the peculiar columellar fold of Tudicla hoernesi, which bears several delicate lirae. Aside from these conchological features, both species were separated ecologically. Tudicla hoernesi is restricted to deep water occurrences and has not been detected in any shallow water assemblages where Tudicla rusticula occurs in large numbers. So far, Tudicla hoernesi is only known from the Langhian of the Paratethys and the northeastern Atlantic. Paleoenvironment. The occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic environments in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA60C79FF65FD6CE88EFF7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau (Austria) (hoc opus). Northeastern Atlantic: Langhian (Middle Miocene): Touraine: Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine (France). Genus Euthriofusus Cossmann, 1901	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA60C79FF65FD6CE88EFF7E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Fasciolaria burdigalensis de Basterot, 1825; original designation by Cossmann (1901: 27). Early Miocene, France. Original diagnosis. “ Club shape; bent columella; siphonal canal straight, long, narrowed at its beginning. ” (Cossmann 1901: 27, translated from French).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA60C79FF65FD6CE88EFF7E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euthriofusus was placed in Tudiclidae by Lozouet (2021) based on similarities of the early teleoconchs of Euthriofusus burdigalensis and Tudicla rusticula. Lozouet documented a much higher, and yet unresolved, diversity of Euthriofusus in the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe than previously thought. Especially Euthriofusus burdigalensis seems to be a species complex, as suggested by the different protoconch morphologies (see Lozouet 2021: text-fig. 7). Euthriofusus occurs from the Oligocene to Middle Miocene in the Circum-Mediterranean region. The Oligocene Euthriofusus naricus Vredenburg, 1925, from Pakistan, and the Early Miocene Fusus subregularis d’Archiac & Haime, 1854, from India, listed by Harzhauser et al. (2007) as that genus, are poorly preserved and the identifications will need verification (see d’Archiac & Haime 1854: pl. 29, fig. 14; Vredenburg 1925: pl. 7, figs 4, 6). Pliocene occurrences in the Indo-West Pacific, such as Euthriofusus inopinatus Cossmann, 1903, from India, and Euthriofusus wanneri P. J. Fischer, 1927, from Timor, are based on misidentifications (van Regteren Altena 1948).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA40C07FF65FEA7EEF6FDE6.taxon	description	Figs 32 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA40C07FF65FEA7EEF6FDE6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0045 a, SL: 62.8 mm, MD: 28.6 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 32, fig 14), Figs 32 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0045 b, SL: 65.3 mm, MD: 33.1 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 32 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0722 a, SL: 66.9 mm, MD: 33.1 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 32, fig 13), paralectotype, Figs 32 C. Additional material. 13 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0026 / 0041, Grund (Austria); 7 spec., NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0045, Grund (Austria); 7 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0722 b, Grund (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 2023 / 0339 / 0001, Guntersdorf (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 2023 / 0340 / 0001, Guntersdorf (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA40C07FF65FEA7EEF6FDE6.taxon	description	Description. Large club-shaped species of up to six teleoconch whorls; apical angle 50 – 55 °. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls distinctly angled mid-whorl, with thin, narrow subsutural collar and broad, faintly concave subsutural ramp. Suture incised, weakly undulating. On early whorls axial ribs represented by prominent rounded tubercles at shoulder, fading over subsutural ramp and extending below to suture. Abapically ribs weaken on fourth to fifth teleoconch whorl, reduced to indistinct tubercles at shoulder. Spiral sculpture of several weak spiral cords over subsutural ramp and three prominent spiral cords below shoulder with secondary cords intercalated (spiral sculpture of earliest teleoconch whorls abraded in all available specimens); spirals of later teleoconch whorls forming broad, flattened cords separated by narrow interspaces (about 13 – 15 on penultimate whorl). Last whorl high, attaining 77 – 80 % of total height, with broad, slightly convex to slightly concave subsutural ramp, inflated below angled shoulder, base convex, strongly constricted; spiral sculpture of broad, flattened cords, subobsolete over subsutural ramp, moderately prominent or reduced along periphery and prominent over base, weak to subobsolete over siphonal fasciole. Aperture elongate pyriform, 65 % of total height. Columellar callus weakly thickened, forming narrow rim, sharply delimited, thinner and adherent in parietal area. Columella smooth, broadly and weakly excavated, with faint convexity marking transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal narrowly incised, accentuated by small parietal denticle. Outer lip thin with numerous very short lirae starting slightly behind peristome. Shoulder of last whorl usually corresponding to narrow notch in aperture. Siphonal canal extraordinarily long, narrow, straight or more or less distinctly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA40C07FF65FEA7EEF6FDE6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Lozouet (2001) emphasized the importance of the protoconch to distinguish the northeastern Atlantic Euthriofusus burdigalensis - complex. This feature is not available for the Paratethyan species, but other conchological features allow a clear separation from French species. Euthriofusus burdigalensis (de Basterot, 1825), from the Early Miocene of Saucats (France) in the collections of the NHMW, differs from Euthriofusus irpus (De Gregorio, 1885 a) in its prominent spiral cords, which are wider spaced and convex. The last whorl of the French specimens is less angulated and lacks the notch in the outer lip. Euthriofusus cf. burdigalensis (de Basterot, 1825), from the Early Miocene of Saint-Paul-lès-Dax (France), differs quite distinctly in its much stronger spiral sculpture, relatively wider last whorl and much more prominent and longer lirae within the outer lip (see Lozouet 2021: pl. 43, figs 1 – 6). Euthriofusus peyreirensis Peyrot, 1928, from the Late Oligocene of Peyrehorade (France), is comparatively high-spired and has widely spaced and prominent spiral cords on the last whorl (see Lozouet 2021: pl. 43, figs 7 – 10). The Late Oligocene Euthriofusus argillensis Lozouet, 2021 has a fusiform outline, prominent axial ribs and prominent spiral cords; as already discussed by Lozouet (2021), its placement in Euthriofusus will need verification. Euthriofusus hoernesi Peyrot, 1928, from the Serravallian of Salles (France), is a fusiform species with reduced sculpture. It is close to Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) and unrelated to the Euthriofusus burdigalensis - complex (see Peyrot 1928: pl. 6 figs 17 – 20). Euthriofusus burdigalensis inflatonodosa Sacco, 1904 and Euthriofusus burdigalensis acutopernodosa Sacco, 1904, both from the Early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), are based on fragmentary specimens and their status needs revision. Both are distinguished from Euthriofusus irpus by the convex last whorl (Euthriofusus burdigalensis inflatonodosa) and the high spire and narrower last whorl (Euthriofusus burdigalensis acutopernodosa) (see Sacco 1904: pl. 8, figs 7, 8). Specimens described as Euthriofusus burdigalensis by Strausz (1954, 1966), Kovács (2022) and Kovács & Vicián (2023) are muricids. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA40C07FF65FEA7EEF6FDE6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Grund, Guntersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus). Genus Euthria J. E. Gray, 1850	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA40C07FF65FEA7EEF6FDE6.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Fusus lignarius Chiaje [= Euthria cornea (Linnaeus, 1758)]; original designation by J. E. Gray (1850: 67), subsequently Murex corneus Linnaeus, 1758 fixed as type species by Petit (2012: 99) under Art. 70.4. Present-day, Mediterranean Sea. Original diagnosis. J. E. Gray (1850) did not provide any diagnosis or description. Revised diagnosis. “ Shell fusiform, spire turreted, canal short, broad, recurved, with smooth whorls or obsoletely litrate, plicate-costate only above, usually excavated below the suture. Aperture ovate, above sinuous or subcanaliculate, outer lip thick, denticulate within. ” (Kobelt 1880: 219; translated from Latin).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFA40C07FF65FEA7EEF6FDE6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This genus comprises moderately fusiform species with a large, convex, often slightly inflated last whorl. A change of sculpture from prominent axial ribs overrun by several spiral cords on early teleoconch to almost smooth whorls during ontogeny is typical. A weakly concave subsutural ramp causes the characteristic outline; a faint shoulder, low, broad axial swellings or blunt nodes may occur at the shoulder. The columella is usually distinctly excavated and frequently bears a denticle at the junction with the siphonal canal. A parietal denticle may be present, but anal denticle is lacking. The outer lip is wide, usually thinning towards the peristome and bears denticles or lirae. The siphonal canal is quite variable, ranging from moderately short to long, always deflected to the left and often recurved. Euthria is represented in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic down to Angola (Schoenherr & Rolán 2017) with a remarkable center of diversity around the Cape Verde Islands from where more than 22 endemic species have been described (Fraussen & Swinnen 2016). Several species have been recorded also from the Indo-West Pacific Region (e. g., Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2020 a). The Paratethyan occurrences suggest a considerable autochthonous diversity because most records of Proto-Mediterranean Neogene species in the Paratethyan basins are based on misidentifications (see below).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDA0C05FF65FD5FEF10FEC6.taxon	description	Figs 33 A – F, 34 A	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDA0C05FF65FD5FEF10FEC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2023 / 0341 / 0001, SL: 48.3 mm, MD: 19.5 mm, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 31, fig. 5), Figs 33 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0207 a, SL: 51.6 mm, MD: 21.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 31, fig. 6), Figs 33 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0207 b, SL: 53.7 mm, MD: 24.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 31, fig. 7), Figs 33 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0207 c, SL: 29.4 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 31, fig. 8), Figs 33 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0005, SL: 44.6 mm, MD: 19.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 33 F 1 – F 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0006, SL: 48.8 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 33 E 1 – E 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0007, SL: 21.3 mm, MD: 9.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 34 A. Additional material. 17 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0181, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 7 spec., NHMW 1874 / 0035 / 0041, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 11 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0212, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 14 spec., NHMW 1865 / 0001 / 0677, Jaroměřice (Czech Republic). Type locality. Vienna / Grinzing (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Silty clay of the Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDA0C05FF65FD5FEF10FEC6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Mauro Brunetti (Spain), in recognition of his contributions to Neogene Mediterranean malacology.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDA0C05FF65FD5FEF10FEC6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, slender fusiform shell with convex whorls, weak subsutural concavity, multispiral protoconch of 2.7 whorls, axial ribs well developed, broad, rounded, persisting in most specimens to end of penultimate or last whorl, spiral sculpture weak, siphonal canal long, small denticles, occasionally lirae within.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDA0C05FF65FD5FEF10FEC6.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, slender fusiform shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle 50 – 55 °. Protoconch high conical of 2.7 smooth, convex whorls; diameter: 950 μm, height: 1050 μm. Transition to teleoconch marked by onset of prominent, widely spaced axial ribs overrun by four prominent spiral cords. Secondary spiral cords appear intercalated on second teleoconch whorl. Later spire whorls convex, with weak subsutural collar, narrow concave subsutural ramp, convex below, separated by shallowly undulating, incised suture. Axial ribs on early whorls very prominent, broad, subobsolete over subsutural ramp, around 12 – 14 weakening rapidly on penultimate whorl, overrun by prominent spiral cords of primary strength, with slightly weaker secondaries and numerous tertiary threads intercalated on first four teleoconch whorls; axials weaken abapically; spirals fading out on penultimate and last whorls except for broad spiral cords over base and fasciole. Last whorl attaining 65 – 75 % of total height, with narrow concave subsutural ramp, strongly convex mid-whorl, strongly constricted below, fasciole weakly swollen with moderately prominent growth lines. Aperture moderately wide, pyriform. Columella broadly excavated, distinctly angled at transition to siphonal canal; angulation often accentuated by small denticle. Columellar callus forming thin, sharply delimited, moderately broad rim, bearing four to five denticles weakening adapically, subobsolete in many specimens; callus thinning in parietal area, not sharply delimited. Anal canal accentuated by small parietal denticle and broader, low anal denticle on outer lip. Outer lip attached below periphery with sharp peristome and variable number of typically short lirae slightly behind aperture, although specimens with subobsolete to long lirae extending deep within aperture occur. Siphonal canal long, narrow, slightly deflected and recurved, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDA0C05FF65FD5FEF10FEC6.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euthria brunettii nov. sp. displays some variability concerning the height of the last spire whorl (compare figs 33 A and 33 C). This species was confused with the Mediterranean Euthria adunca (Bronn, 1831), which is similar in shape and sculpture, but differs in its paucispiral protoconch of two whorls with a large, convex first whorl and blunt top (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: fig. 5 F). Pliocene specimens of E. adunca differ also in their more prominent and persisting spiral sculpture (see Bellardi 1873: pl. 13, fig. 20; Malatesta 1974: pl. 25, fig. 4; Chirli 2000: pl. 20, figs 14 – 15; Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: figs 5 A – F). Euthria praecedens Sacco, 1904, from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), differs in the less constricted base and the weaker axial sculpture (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: fig. 6 A). Paleoenvironment. Unknown; the locality Vienna / Grinzing comprises species of inner neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDA0C05FF65FD5FEF10FEC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Jaroměřice (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Vienna / Grinzing (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022); Dacian Basin: Jasen, Opanec (Bulgaria) (Nikolov 1994).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD80C03FF65F99AEE4DFE72.taxon	description	Figs 34 B, 35 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD80C03FF65F99AEE4DFE72.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0044, SL: 43.1 mm, MD: 19.8 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 3); Figs 35 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 1270, SL: 39.6 mm, MD: 17.8 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 35 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0281, SL: 33.3 mm, MD: 14.5 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 35 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0223, SL: 16.7 mm, MD: 7.7 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 34 B. Additional material. 5 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0223, Grund (Austria). Type locality. Grund (Austria). Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD80C03FF65F99AEE4DFE72.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Ireneusz Piotr Walaszczyk (Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland) for his help searching for type material.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD80C03FF65F99AEE4DFE72.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell with moderately high spire of convex whorls, early teleoconch whorls weakly shouldered just above suture, sculpture changing early in ontogeny from prominent axial and spiral sculpture to relatively smooth on third teleoconch whorl, last whorl evenly rounded, lacking subsutural ramp, base strongly constricted with moderately long, narrow siphonal canal.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD80C03FF65F99AEE4DFE72.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 45 °. Protoconch damaged in all available specimens; last protoconch whorl high, convex. Early teleoconch whorls slightly shouldered; periphery just above abapical suture. Relatively narrow axial ribs, separated by broad interspaces, weakening adapically, overrun by four primary spiral cords and delicate secondaries intercalated; ribs fading on third teleoconch whorl. Later teleoconch whorls convex, separated by moderately incised suture, bearing faint spiral threads, periphery below mid-whorl. Last whorl attaining ~ 65 % of total height, with regularly convex periphery, base strongly constricted, fasciole indistinct; surface smooth except for weak spirals over fasciole. Aperture moderately wide, pyriform. Columella broadly excavated, angled at transition to siphonal canal often accentuated by small denticle. Columellar callus indistinct, weakly delimited from base, smooth; Anal canal moderately incised, accentuated by weak parietal swelling or denticle; no anal denticle. Outer lip thin at peristome, bearing 12 – 14 elongated denticles a short distance behind peristome that extend as fine lirae deep within aperture. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, deflected to the left, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD80C03FF65F99AEE4DFE72.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was confused by Naumann (1852), Hoernes (1853) and Hoernes & Auinger (1890) with the Pleistocene and Recent Mediterranean Euthria cornea (Linnaeus, 1758). The extant species differs in its shorter spire and shouldered whorls with markedly concave subsutural ramp (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: figs 4 A – D; Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2017: pl. 4, figs 67 – 84). The Middle Miocene Paratethyan Euthria brunettii nov. sp. differs in its prominent axial ribs on the spire whorls that persist at least onto the penultimate whorl. Euthria perpiniana (Fontannes, 1879), from the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea, is very similar in general appearance and in the early disappearance of its axial sculpture but is larger (SL up to 55 mm), has less convex whorls with a distinct subsutural concavity, although weaker than in E. cornea, and more prominent spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls (Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2017: pl. 2, figs 40 – 48). The Pliocene Mediterranean Euthria plioelongata (Sacco, 1904) is distinguished by its comparatively flat-sided spire whorls and axials that persist slightly longer, fading on the fourth teleoconch whorl (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: figs 2 A – E; Fraussen & Stahlschmidt 2017: pl. 1, figs 26 – 33). Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD80C03FF65F99AEE4DFE72.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDE0C02FF65FDABE85EFE2A.taxon	description	Figs 36 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDE0C02FF65FDABE85EFE2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1872 / 0005 / 0027 a, SL: 53.9 mm, MD: 26.7 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 36 A 1 – A 2; Paratypes: NHMW 1872 / 0005 / 0027 b, SL: 52.5 mm, MD: 29.8 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 36 B 1 – B 2; NHMW 1872 / 0005 / 0027 c, SL: 46.9 mm, MD: 23.4 mm, illustrated in Schultz (1998: pl. 27, fig. 3), Grund (Austria), Figs 36 C 1 – C 2; NHMW 1872 / 0005 / 0027 d, SL: 47.7 mm, MD: 25.5 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 36 D 1 – D 2; NHMW 1851 / 0002 / 0044, Grund (Austria). NHMW 2023 / 0342 / 0001, SL: 48.1 mm, MD: 25.2 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 36 E 1 – E 2. Additional material. 2 spec., NHMW 1872 / 0005 / 0027 e, Grund (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0228, Mikulov (Czech Republic). Type locality. Grund (Austria), North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Silty clay of the Grund Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDE0C02FF65FDABE85EFE2A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Giano Della Bella (Italy), in recognition for his contributions on Mediterranean Neogene malacology.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDE0C02FF65FDABE85EFE2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, inflated ovate shell with conical spire, weakly incised suture and faint shoulder with low, widely spaced tubercles on last three whorls, columella and outer lip smooth, siphonal canal moderately short, recurved, deeply notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDE0C02FF65FDABE85EFE2A.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, inflated ovate shell with conical spire, consisting of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle 60 – 65 °. Protoconch poorly preserved, high conical of about two convex whorls. Early teleoconch whorls with very broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp, weakly angled shoulder placed short distance above suture, most of whorl below covered by subsequent whorl. Sculpture of low, inconspicuous, widely spaced, axial ribs, overrun by indistinct spiral cords, two more prominent spirals placed at periphery and close above abapical suture. On second and third teleoconch whorls axials weaken and become wider spaced, fading thereafter. Weak primary spiral cords and indistinct secondaries on early teleoconch whorls fading on last two spire whorls. Later spire whorls with very broad, flat to faintly concave subsutural ramp and weak shoulder placed below mid-whorl bearing low, widely spaced, tubercles. Suture weakly incised. Last whorl high, attaining ~ 75 % of total height, ovate, smooth except for 12 – 13 low, widely spaced tubercles placed along weakly angled shoulder; base moderately constricted with weak, widely spaced spiral cords; fasciole indistinct. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella broadly excavated, weakly angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming indistinct rim, poorly delimited from base, smooth. Anal canal weakly incised, without parietal and anal denticles. Outer lip not thickened, smooth within. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, deflected to the left, strongly recurved, deeply notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDE0C02FF65FDABE85EFE2A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species was confused with Euthria puschii (Andrzejowski, 1830) by Hörnes (1853), Hoernes & Auinger (1890) and Schultz (1998). They differ in the more inflated shape and weaker spiral sculpture of Euthria dellabellai nov. sp. and the presence of lirae inside the outer lip in E. puschii. In addition, E. puschii has stronger tubercles at the shoulder and stronger spiral sculpture. Euthria gallica Peyrot, 1928, from the Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin, differs in its much slenderer outline, higher spire and prominent spiral sculpture on the last whorl and base (Peyrot 1928: pl. 5, figs 1 – 2). Paleoenvironment. At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). Preservation the fossil shells, suggest, that Euthria dellabellai belonged to the allochthonous shallow water fauna and not to the autochthonous deep-water fauna.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDE0C02FF65FDABE85EFE2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (hoc opus). Vienna Basin: Mikulov (Czech Republic) (hoc opus).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDF0C01FF65F96FE8F9F830.taxon	description	Figs 34 C, 37 A – D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDF0C01FF65F96FE8F9F830.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): specimen illustrated in Bandat (1943: pl. 1, fig. 12), Middle or Late Miocene, Gurëz (Albania). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the material. Illustrated material. NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0229, SL: 42.8 mm, MD: 21.9 mm, Baden (Austria), Fig 37 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1860 / 0040 / 0160, SL: 43.4 mm, MD: 22.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Fig 37 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 2023 / 0343 / 0001, SL: 46.2 mm, MD: 22.8 mm, Baden (Austria), Figs 37 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0008, SL: 16.9 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 34 C. Additional material. 10 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0211, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 28 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0180, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 15 spec., NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0493, Forchtenau (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1872 / 0030 / 0050, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1856 / 0009 / 0011, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0259, Möllersdorf (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0038 / 0025, Korytnica (Poland). Revised description. Medium-sized, solid, stout ovate shell with conical spire, of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle 57 – 60 °. Protoconch mammillate, of 1.5 strongly convex whorls; diameter: 880 μm, height: 980 μm. Early teleoconch whorls almost straight sided with periphery just above abapical suture. Sculpture of widely spaced, slightly drop-shaped axial ribs, overrun by four weak spiral cords and indistinct secondary cords. Suture weakly undulating around axial ribs. Axial ribs fading on third teleoconch whorl. Spiral sculpture reduced to narrow, widely spaced cords on third to fifth whorl, subobsolete on later whorls. Later spire whorls flat-sided or weakly convex, smooth, separated by narrow, weakly incised suture. Last whorl ovate, attaining ~ 75 % of total height, with poorly delimited, weakly convex subsutural ramp, broadly convex mid-whorl, base weakly constricted, fasciole broad, smooth, indistinct. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella strongly and broadly excavated, adherent, smooth except for weak denticle at angled transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal accentuated by low, broad parietal swelling, narrowly incised on broad adapical tip of aperture. Anal denticle usually absent; rarely represented by weak swelling. Outer lip convex, not thickened, bearing about 14 short, prominent lirae, not extending deeply within aperture. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, strongly deflected and recurved, deeply notched. Synonyms. Bandat (1943) introduced two names for this species. Based on specimens from the Miocene of Albania from the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Euthria cornea var. depressospira Bandat 1943 was based on a fully-grown specimen, whereas Euthria oppenheimii Bandat 1943 represents a subadult specimen. As first revisers we chose Euthria depressospira as name for this species.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDF0C01FF65F96FE8F9F830.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its solid, smooth, ovate shell with conical spire and indistinct suture. It was confused in the literature and in the collection of the NHMW with Euthria intermedia (Michelotti, 1847), Euthria subnodosa Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 and Euthria curvirostris (Grateloup, 1845). Euthria intermedia, from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), but differs in its slenderer shell, higher spire and prominent spiral cords on the base. The Paratethyan Euthria subnodosa is smaller, has weak axial swellings and spiral cords on the last whorl. Euthria curvirostris, from the Serravallian of the Aquitanian Basin (France), has a higher spire, a longer, strongly twisted siphonal canal and prominent spiral sculpture. Euthria viciani Kovács, 2018, from the Badenian of Hungary, is superficially similar but differs in its cyrtoconoid spire, slightly concave subsutural ramp and longer siphonal canal. It is also similar in its stout profile and strongly reduced sculpture to Euthria fuscocingulata (Hoernes et Auinger, 1890), but that species differs in having a longer siphonal canal, bearing slightly stronger, albeit weak, spiral sculpture, and fewer lirae within the outer lip. Euthria obesa (Michelotti, 1847), from the Burdigalian of Termô-Fôurà (Italy), might be closely related but differs in its stout, cyrtoconoid spire (see Bellardi 1972: pl. 13, fig. 13; Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: fig. 6 E). Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at Baden, Baden-Sooss and Möllersdorf suggests middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDF0C01FF65F96FE8F9F830.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Möllersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2018); Bükk Mountains: Bóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Krško Basin: Gorenje Vrhpolje (Slovenia) (Mikuž 2009); Bahna Basin (Romania) (Macovei 1909); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Middle or Late Miocene: Gurëz (Albania) (Bandat 1943).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDD0C0EFF65F9E5E814FF7E.taxon	description	Figs 38 A – B, 34 D	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDD0C0EFF65F9E5E814FF7E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype or holotype: SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 11.2 mm, specimens illustrated in Eichwald (1852: pl. 8, fig. 1), Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) (Ukraine), probably stored in the St. Petersburg State University, Paleontological Museum, Russia, but we have not traced the material. Illustrated material. NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0224 a, SL: 23.8 mm, MD: 10.2 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 38 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0224 b, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 8.8 mm, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 38 B 1 – B 2, 34 D. Revised description. Small, moderately slender fusiform shell of up to six teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 45 °. Protoconch broad conical of two convex whorls; diameter: 800 μm, height: 750 μm. Early teleoconch whorls with broad, prominent axial ribs, separated by narrower interspaces, overrun by three prominent spiral cords, with secondary cords intercalated on second and third teleoconch whorls. Periphery at abapical suture. Axial ribs fading on fourth teleoconch whorl; spiral sculpture persisting on later teleoconch whorls as close-set moderately prominent spiral cords, most prominent over subsutural ramp and base, subobsolete mid-whorl. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height, subsutural ramp slightly concave, weakly delimited, broadly convex mid-whorl, base strongly constricted, fasciole indistinct. Aperture ovate. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus moderately delimited, extending as narrow rim along siphonal canal, adherent in parietal region. Anal canal accentuated by weak parietal denticle. Outer lip thin, with about 12 prominent, discontinuous lirae starting some distance behind peristome, extending deep within aperture. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately wide, deflected to the left, moderately recurved, shallowly notched. Paratethyan synonyms. Bałuk (1995) recognized that Euthria minor Friedberg, 1912 was preoccupied by a species described by Bellardi (1973) and therefore introduced Euthria friedbergi as new name. Erroneously, Bałuk (1995) designated the specimen illustrated by Friedberg (1912: pl. 9, figs 1) as holotype, but this specimen is a lectotype according to ICZN Article 74. Lectotype: Dryszczów (Ukraine), SL: 25.1 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, illustrated in Friedberg (1912, pl. 9, fig. 1). Herein, we consider Euthria friedbergi to be a subjective junior synonym of Fusus diluvii Eichwald, 1830.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDD0C0EFF65F9E5E814FF7E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Friedberg (1912) emphasized axial ribs on the first four teleoconch whorls and delicate spiral threads on the spire whorls. These features are also present in the specimens illustrated herein from Boršov (Czech Republic) and allow a separation from the otherwise similar Euthria frausseni nov. sp. and Euthria walaszczyki nov. sp. Euthria friedbergi was established as subspecies of Euthria intermedia (Michelotti, 1847) by Friedberg (1912). The Early Miocene Italian Euthria intermedia, however, has a shorter siphonal canal and a less constricted base. Moreover, its spiral sculpture on the base comprises a characteristic succession of prominent, wide-spaced spiral cords, whereas Euthria diluvii has close-set and weaker spiral cords. Paleoenvironment. Unknown, probably inner neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFDD0C0EFF65F9E5E814FF7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów, Zborów (Zboriv), Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1912, 1938).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD30C0DFF65FEA7E949FA77.taxon	description	Figs 34 E, 39 A – E Fusus fusco-cingulatus Hörnes — Neugeboren 1864: 94 [nomen nudum]. * Fusus (Euthria) fuscocingulatus M. Hoern. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 257, pl. 32, figs 3 – 4.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD30C0DFF65FEA7E949FA77.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1949 / 0005 / 0024 b, SL: 38.0 mm, MD: 17.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 32, fig. 4), Figs 39 A 1 – A 2. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1949 / 0005 / 0024 a, SL: 30.6 mm, MD: 15.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 32, fig. 3), Figs 39 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0213 a, SL: 34.2 mm, MD: 17.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 39 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0009, SL 30.0 mm, MD: 16.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 39 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0010, SL 30.5 mm, MD: 15.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 39 E 1 – E 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0011, SL 18.5 mm, MD: 10.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 34 E. 55 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0213, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Additional material. 1 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0015 / 1168, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0911, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 4 spec, A 1438, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Revised description. Medium-sized, stout ovate shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle 55 – 60 °. Protoconch paucispiral of 1.5 convex whorls and blunt apex; diameter: 900 μm, height: 800 μm. Transition to teleoconch marked by onset of weak, opisthocline axial ribs. Second teleoconch whorl with slightly convex subsutural ramp, weakly shouldered, bearing broad, widely spaced axial ribs, overrun by five spiral cords: two cords on subsutural ramp weaker, two stronger cords, one at shoulder and one just above suture, with one slightly weaker intercalated; axial ribs weakening adapically, fading on third teleoconch whorl; spiral cords replaced by numerous delicate spiral threads, also fading abapically. Suture incised, undulating around ribs. Third and later spire whorls smooth, flat-sided or weakly convex with periphery at abapical suture. Last whorl ovate, ~ 75 % of total height, smooth, subsutural ramp hardly developed, broadly convex below, base moderately constricted bearing weak, widely spaced spiral cords, with fine secondaries intercalated, fasciole indistinct. Aperture moderately wide, pyriform. Columella strongly excavated mid-aperture, smooth except for weak denticle marking transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad rim, detached from base along siphonal canal, thin mid-aperture, slightly thickened in parietal area. Anal canal weakly incised, accentuated by small parietal denticle. No anal denticle. Outer lip thin, with about eight prominent lirate denticles placed some distance behind peristome, extending a short distance within aperture. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, deflected to the left, moderately recurved, shallowly notched. Color pattern of broad brown bands separated by wider interspaces (about ten bands on last whorl). Paratethyan synonyms. Columbella zaprešićiana Šuklje, 1929, holotype, Inv. No. 6312.1460, Zaprešić-Brijeg at Samobor (Croatia), stored in the Natural History Museum in Zagreb (Croatia). This species was excluded from Columbellidae by Harzhauser & Landau (2021: 62) and placed in synonymy of Euthria fuscocingulata.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD30C0DFF65FEA7E949FA77.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its color pattern of brown bands, which is frequently preserved and shows little variability. The name Fusus fuscocingulatus was used as collection name on a label by Moritz Hörnes (1815 – 1868), to which Neugeboren (1964) and Hoernes & Auinger (1890) referred. The name was made available by the description of Hoernes & Auinger (1890). Paleoenvironment. Unknown, probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD30C0DFF65FEA7E949FA77.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022); Pannonian Basin: Zaprešić-Brijeg at Samobor (Croatia) (Harzhauser & Landau 2021); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Staropatica, Radomirtsi (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD00C0CFF65F9ACEE8AF8FD.taxon	description	Figs 34 F, 40 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD00C0CFF65F9ACEE8AF8FD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1865 / 001 / 0207, SL: 29.1 mm, MD: 12.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 40 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1870 / 0033 / 0097, SL: 29.0 mm, MD: 13.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 40 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0210, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 11.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 40 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0012, SL: 24.5 mm, MD: 10.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 34 F. Additional material. 15 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0045 / 0299, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD00C0CFF65F9ACEE8AF8FD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Koen Fraussen (Belgium), in recognition of his contributions on Buccinoidea. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD00C0CFF65F9ACEE8AF8FD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell with low, dome-shaped, paucispiral protoconch and moderately high spire of strongly convex whorls, sculpture changing from prominent axial and spiral sculpture on early teleoconch whorls to relatively smooth on third to fourth teleoconch whorl, base strongly constricted, siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, moderately recurved.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD00C0CFF65F9ACEE8AF8FD.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 45 °. Protoconch paucispiral, low dome-shaped of 1.25 whorls; diameter: 800 μm, height: 600 μm. Early teleoconch whorls convex with periphery at abapical suture, bearing broad axial ribs, separated by narrower interspaces, overrun by four primary spiral cords with delicate secondaries intercalated. Suture shallowly undulating around ribs. Axial ribs fading on third to fourth teleoconch whorl. Later teleoconch whorls moderately convex, with periphery below mid-whorl, separated by moderately incised suture, bearing faint spiral threads. Last whorl attaining ~ 65 % of total height, evenly convex, smooth, base strongly constricted, bearing weak spiral cords, fasciole indistinct. Aperture moderately wide, pyriform. Columella deeply excavated, angled at transition to siphonal canal; transition often accentuated by small denticle. Columellar callus indistinct, poorly delimited from base. Columellar callus smooth or with up to three small denticles in abapical part. Anal canal broad, accentuated by small distinct parietal denticle. No anal denticle. Outer lip thin at peristome, with prominent lirae placed some distance behind peristome, passing into about 12 delicate lirae extending deep within aperture lirae. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, deflected to the left, moderately recurved, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD00C0CFF65F9ACEE8AF8FD.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is closely similar to Euthria walaszczyki nov. sp. and the adult shells of the two are strikingly similar. However, they differ by the constantly smaller size of Euthria frausseni nov. sp. and especially by their protoconchs and early teleoconchs. The protoconch is paucispiral low dome-shaped in E. frausseni as opposed to multispiral high conical in E. walaszczyki and its early teleoconch whorls lack the shoulder of E. walaszczyki. This species had been misidentified as Euthria intermedia (Michelotti, 1847) in the collection of the NHMW, but differ from that Early Miocene Italian species by the smooth, convex late spire whorls, the longer siphonal canal and the lack of prominent, wide-spaced spiral cords on the base. Paleoenvironment. Unknown, probably middle to outer neritic environments.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD00C0CFF65F9ACEE8AF8FD.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2023); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD60C0BFF65FF7AEDC1F872.taxon	description	Figs 15 J, 41 A	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD60C0BFF65FF7AEDC1F872.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1865 / 0015 / 0060, SL: 13.7 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, Lysice (Czech Republic), Figs 15 J, 41 A. Type locality. Lysice (Czech Republic), North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin. Type stratum. Brno Sand Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, early / middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD60C0BFF65FF7AEDC1F872.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Referring to the figure Obelix of the comic Asterix by René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo, based on the shape of the shell.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD60C0BFF65FF7AEDC1F872.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, stout, biconic shell with paucispiral protoconch, conical spire, adpressed suture and inflated last whorl with prominent terminal varix, sculpture of weak, widely spaced primary spiral cords with one or two delicate secondary cords in interspaces, aperture with very weak parietal denticle, without anal denticle.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD60C0BFF65FF7AEDC1F872.taxon	description	Description. Small, stout, biconic shell of five almost straight sided whorls; apical angle 57 °. Protoconch paucispiral of 1.5 convex whorls; diameter: 700 μm, height: 620 μm. First teleoconch whorl with low, broad axial ribs overrun by four broad spiral cords, swollen over ribs; periphery close above abapical suture. Interspaces distinctly widening on later whorls, bearing one delicate secondary cord intercalated between primaries. Axial ribs weakening adapically, subobsolete on fourth teleoconch whorl. Penultimate whorl weakly concave adapical half, weakly convex below. Suture narrowly impressed. Last whorl ovate, attaining 70 % of total height, somewhat inflated mid-whorl, bearing spiral sculpture of weak primary cords with two even weaker secondaries intercalated in interspaces; no axial sculpture; prominent terminal varix; base moderately constricted; fasciole slightly swollen forming narrow chink, with weak spiral cords. Aperture moderately wide, broad pyriform. Columellar callus forming broad rim, adherent in parietal region. Columella moderately excavated, smooth, weakly angled, with small denticle at transition into siphonal canal, very weak parietal swelling. Anal canal weakly incised without anal denticle. Outer lip with about eight prominent lirae, starting short distance behind peristome, extending deep within aperture. Siphonal canal incomplete, at least moderately long, wide, slightly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD60C0BFF65FF7AEDC1F872.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its stout biconical shell and prominent spiral sculpture. Euthria subnodosa (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) has broader spiral cords and is slenderer. Euthria fuscocingulata (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) has a higher last whorl, and lacks spiral sculpture on the last whorls and Euthria zboroviensis Friedberg, 1912 differs in its more convex spire whorls and bears axial ribs on the last whorl. Paleoenvironment. Unknown.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD60C0BFF65FF7AEDC1F872.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Lysice (Czech Republic).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD70C08FF65FF7AEDE3FE9B.taxon	description	Figs 34 G, 42 A – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD70C08FF65FF7AEDE3FE9B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0273 a, SL: 49.9 mm, MD: 23.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 4), Figs 42 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: NHMW 1865 / 0015 / 0059, SL: 45.5 mm, MD: 22.1 mm, Lysice (Czech Republic), Figs 42 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 2023 / 0345 / 0001, SL: 40.2 mm, MD: 20.4 mm, Boršov (Porstendorf) (Czech Republic), Figs 42 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 2023 / 0346 / 0001, SL: 40.1 mm, MD: 18.5 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 42 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 2023 / 0347 / 0001, SL: 36.7 mm, MD: 18.6 mm, Niederleis (Austria), Figs 42 E 1 – E 2. NHMW 2023 / 0348 / 0001, SL: 18.8 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 5), Figs 34 G. Additional material. 9 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0227, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic); 2 spec., NHMW 1866 / 0001 / 0857, Niederleis (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 2023 / 0349 / 0001, Steinebrunn (Austria); 30 spec., NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0359, Steinebrunn (Austria). Type locality. Steinebrunn (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD70C08FF65FF7AEDE3FE9B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. After odiosus, Latin for boring, annoying.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD70C08FF65FF7AEDE3FE9B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately broad, ovate shell with conical spire of weakly convex whorls, last whorl moderately inflated, anal canal deeply incised into thick callus, outer lip bearing numerous lirae within, siphonal canal moderately short, deflected to the left, moderately recurved, deeply notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD70C08FF65FF7AEDE3FE9B.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, moderately broad, ovate shell of up to eight teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 48 °. Protoconch paucispiral, low conical of 1.5 convex whorls; diameter: 800 μm, height: 650 μm. Early teleoconch whorls almost straight-sided, with broad, widely spaced axial ribs with drop-shaped abapical tips, causing undulating suture. Spiral sculpture of five narrow primary spiral cords. Sculpture becoming subobsolete on fourth to fifth teleoconch whorls. Whorls profile with faint subsutural concavity, weakly convex below. Suture narrow, adpressed. Last whorl moderately inflated, with convex periphery, attaining ~ 70 % of total height; base strongly constricted, smooth except for faint spiral cords; fasciole slightly swollen, forming narrow chink with siphonal canal. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columellar callus adherent. Columella deeply excavated, marked angulation at transition to siphonal canal accentuated by small denticle; parietal area slightly thickened, without denticle. Anal canal deeply and narrowly incised into thick callus of adapical tip of aperture. No anal denticle. Outer lip thick with thin peristome and up to 15 lirae; number and strength of lirae variable. Siphonal canal moderately short, deflected to the left, moderately recurved, deeply notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD70C08FF65FF7AEDE3FE9B.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Paratethyan Euthria specimens have often been misidentified as Euthria intermedia (Michelotti, 1847), which was originally described from the Early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi (Italy). Michelotti (1847: pl. 9, fig. 16) and Bellardi (1873: pl. 13, fig. 23) illustrated specimens with a conical spire, weakly convex spire whorls with indistinct axial ribs, a moderately convex last whorl with very prominent, widely spaced spiral cords on the moderately constricted base and several denticles on the columella. None of the Paratethyan species approaches this morphology, and the numerous misidentifications result from rather wide interpretations of species concepts in the past. Euthria odiosa nov. sp. differs from E. intermedia especially in its broader shape, smooth base and absence of denticles on the columella. Euthria odiosa is morphologically close to Euthria depressospira Bandat, 1943 but differs in its higher spire, less constricted base and broader siphonal fasciole. The spiral cords of Euthria depressospira are less numerous and grade into widely spaced spiral cords before fading, whereas in E. odiosa they disappear completely at the same growth stage. Paleoenvironment. Inner neritic, shallow marine, based on the co-occurring assemblages (own data, M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD70C08FF65FF7AEDE3FE9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Lysice (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden-Sooss, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Steinebrunn, Vienna / Grinzing, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Hörnes 1853; hoc opus); Boršov (= Porstendorf), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Hörnes 1853; hoc opus); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Krško Basin: Gorenje Vrhpolje, Šentjernej (Slovenia) (Mikuž 2009); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Szob (Hungary) (Strausz, 1966 a); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022); Dacian Basin: Opanec, Târnene, Trifonovo (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD50C16FF65FE83E836FA46.taxon	description	Figs 34 H, 43 A – E * Lathira Puschii Nobis — Andrzejowski 1830: 95, pl. 4, fig. 2. Fasciolaria polonica m. — Pusch 1837: 145, pl. 12, figs 3 a – b.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD50C16FF65FE83E836FA46.taxon	description	Fusus Puschi Andr. — Hörnes 1853: 282, pl. 31, figs 6 a – b.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD50C16FF65FE83E836FA46.taxon	description	Euthria (Euthria) zejszneri Friedb — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 90, figs 15 a – b.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD50C16FF65FE83E836FA46.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. We are not aware of the whereabouts of the types. The specimens are most probably lost. Illustrated material. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0273 b, SL: 50.1 mm, MD: 23.5 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 6), Figs 43 A 1 – A 2. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0215 a, SL: 54.1 mm, MD: 27.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 43 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0214 a, SL: 53.0 mm, MD: 24.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 43 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 2023 / 0350 / 0001, SL: 42.9 mm, MD: 20.4 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 43 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 2023 / 0338 / 0013, SL: 47.3 mm, MD: 24.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Figs 43 E 1 – E 2. NHMW 2023 / 0350 / 0002, SL: 31.3 mm, MD: 18.6 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 34 H. Additional material. 6 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0215, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 6 spec., NHMW 1854 / 0035 / 0214, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 6 spec., NHMW A 1436, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 10 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0912, Bad Vöslau (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0494, Forchtenau (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1864 / 0001 / 0306, Niederleis (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0454, Gainfarn (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1867 / 0019 / 0113, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania); 3 spec., NHMW 1872 / 0030 / 0049, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 5 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0038 / 0026, Korytnica (Poland); 1 spec., NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0082, Möllersdorf (Austria); 2 spec., NHMW 1861 / 0040 / 3720, Rousínov (Czech Republic); 4 spec., NHMW 1865 / 0019 / 0005, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic); 1 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0002 / 0076, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic). Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately broad fusiform shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 50 °. Protoconch conical of 2.5 whorls; diameter: 1200 μm, height: 1010 μm. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex, with faint shoulder and periphery close above abapical suture. Sculpture of broad, widely spaced axial ribs overrun by weak spiral cords most prominent on abapical half of whorls; ribs weaken adapically forming small tubercles at shoulder. Later whorls with broad, slightly concave subsutural ramp, shoulder placed below mid-whorl; sculpture of delicate spiral cords and small, sharp, widely spaced, adapically pointing tubercles along shoulder. Suture weakly incised. Last whorl ~ 70 % of total height, with broad, steep, straight to weakly concave subsutural ramp, weakly angled at shoulder bearing 12 – 13 low, pointed tubercles, moderately convex below, base moderately constricted, entire surface bearing narrow, widely spaced spiral cords of roughly alternating strength, cord on subsutural platform above shoulder also weakly tuberculate in some specimens. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella broadly excavated, smooth, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus indistinct, not delimited from base. Anal canal indistinct, without parietal or anal denticles. Outer lip thin with elongate denticles within starting some distance behind peristome and extending as narrow lirae deep into aperture. Siphonal canal moderately short, rarely long, moderately wide, deflected to the left, weakly recurved, deeply notched. Mediterranean specimens have color pattern of large squarish blotches on subsutural ramp and second row of blotches at periphery of last whorl (Landau et al. 2013: pl. 25, fig. 5). Paratethyan synonyms. Fasciolaria polonica Pusch, 1837. Pusch (1837) described this species based on specimens from Varivtsi (= Warowce) (Ukraine), clearly referring Euthria puschii of Andrzejowski (1830), which he considered synonymous. Nevertheless, he neglected the priority of Andrzejowski’s name. The collection of Georg Gottlieb Pusch (1790 – 1846) is lost. Euthria zejszneri Friedberg, 1912, was based on a specimen from Korytnica (Poland) representing a relatively small specimen of Euthria puschii. The holotype is probably stored in the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in L’viv (formerly Muzeum Dzieduszyckich). Fusus spiralis Handmann, 1882 [non Fusus spiralis A. Adams, 1856]. Some specimens of the former ‘ Rudolf Handmann collection’ are stored in the Kollegium Kalksburg in Vienna, a Catholic private school, but the type is lost. Handmann (1882) separated a single specimen (SL: 30 mm, MD: 15 mm) from Baden-Sooss (Austria) from Euthria puschii based on the more prominent spiral sculpture. The description agrees well with Euthria puschii and we assume that Fusus spiralis Handmann, 1882 is a subjective junior synonym of Euthria puschii. Moreover, the name is preoccupied by Fusus spiralis A. Adams, 1856.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD50C16FF65FE83E836FA46.taxon	discussion	Discussion. A ubiquitous species in shallow water deposits, which is characterized by its pointed tubercles. Euthria gallica Peyrot, 1928, from the Early Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin, might be a northeastern Atlantic offshoot, which differs from Euthria puschii (Andrzejowski, 1830) in its slenderer outline, higher spire and prominent spiral sculpture on the last whorl and base (Peyrot 1928: pl. 5, figs 1 – 2). Euthria dellabellai nov. sp., from the Badenian of the North Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep might be closely related but differs in its more inflated outline, shorter spire, weaker shoulder tubercles and spiral sculpture, and smooth outer lip. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFD50C16FF65FE83E836FA46.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Kleinebersdorf (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Rousínov (Czech Republic); Vienna Basin: Baden-Sooss, Gainfarn, Möllersdorf, Niederleis (Austria), Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Mátraverebély, Pécsvárad, Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966 a; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus, NemeŞeŞti (Romania) (Kovács 2022); Dacian Basin: Staropatica, Bozuritsa (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Langhian (Middle Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Rio della Batteria, Villa Forzano (Italy) (Montanaro 1935). Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Lale, Akpınar (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio (Italy) (Montanaro 1935).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCB0C13FF65F9FFE8AEF812.taxon	description	Figs 34 I, 44 A – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCB0C13FF65F9FFE8AEF812.taxon	description	Fusus (Fusus) hössii Partsch — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 96, figs 16 a – b [non Angustifusus hoessi (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890)].	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCB0C13FF65F9FFE8AEF812.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neotype designated herein, NHMW 2023 / 0351 / 0001, SL: 76.5 mm, MD: 33.3 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 10), Figs 44 A 1 – A 2. The illustrations in Naumann (1852) were provided by Paul Maria Partsch (1791 – 1856) and Moritz Hörnes (1815 – 1868) (see Naumann 1854: 1963, footnote) and were based on material from the Natural History Museum Vienna. The manuscript of Partsch with these illustrations is still preserved and the material was later published by Hörnes (1853). Nevertheless, it is not possible to identify the specimens drawn by Partsch in the collection. Therefore, we designate the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 10) as neotype. Illustrated material. NHMW 1999 z 0077 / 0017, SL: 78.0 mm, MD: 27.4 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 6), Figs 44 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 2023 / 0351 / 0002, SL: 74.9 mm, MD: 30.1 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 44 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 2023 / 0351 / 0003, SL: 70.6 mm, MD: 28.4 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), Figs 44 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 1949 / 0005 / 0025, SL: 63.8 mm, MD: 24.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 4), Figs 44 E 1 – E 2. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0254, SL: 27.4 mm, MD: 11.7 mm, Enzesfeld or Gainfarn (Austria), Fig. 34 I. Additional material. NHMW 2023 / 0346 / 0002, SL: 73.1 mm, MD: 29.3 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 2). NHMW 2023 / 0346 / 0003, SL: 55.1 mm, MD: 22.3 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 11); NHMW 2023 / 0348 / 0002, SL: 29.5 mm, MD: 14.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 12); NHMW 2023 / 0352 / 0001, SL: 53.2 mm, MD: 23.6 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 3); NHMW 1999 z 0077 / 0016, SL: 64.2 mm, MD: 26.1 mm, Enzesfeld (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 5); NHMW 1999 z 0077 / 0019, SL: 75.7 mm, MD: 30.3 mm, Forchtenau (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 7); 1 spec., NHMW 1884 / 0000 / 1537, Guntersdorf (Austria), 4 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0718, Grund (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0010 / 0025, Enzesfeld (Austria); 13 spec., NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 9253, Enzesfeld (Austria); 9 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0456, Gainfarn (Austria); 8 spec., NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0253, Gainfarn (Austria); 7 spec., NHMW A 1431, Enzesfeld (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 1853 / 0010 / 0025, Enzesfeld (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW A 1432, Steinebrunn (Austria); 13 spec., NHMW 1869 / 0001 / 0357, Steinebrunn (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1862 / 0001 / 0260, Möllersdorf (Austria); 12 spec., 1855 / 0045 / 0106, Mikulov (Czech Republic); 4 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0966, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic). Revised description. Large, slender fusiform shell of up to eight teleoconch whorls; apical angle 42 – 48 °. Protoconch paucispiral, high conical of 1.75 whorls; diameter: 850 μm, height: 920 μm. Early teleoconch whorls with rounded axial ribs, overrun by five prominent spiral cords; narrow subsutural collar composed of two adapical spirals; secondary cords intercalated on second teleoconch whorl. Later spire whorls with narrow subsutural collar, weakly concave subsutural ramp, rounded at shoulder placed mid-whorl, bearing broad axial ribs separated by narrower interspace, most prominent along periphery, fading over subsutural ramp, overrun by numerous broad primary and secondary spiral cords, weakening on later whorls, often subobsolete on last whorl. Blunt or pointed tubercles may be developed at shoulder in some specimens. Axial ribs becoming subobsolete at variable growth stage; typically becoming weak on penultimate and last whorl; axial ribs on last whorl, if present, fold-like, weakening over base. Last whorl attaining 65 – 70 % of total height, with relatively narrow, concave subsutural ramp delimited by rounded to weakly angled, smooth to weakly tuberculate shoulder, convex below, moderately constricted at base, fasciole weak, bearing weak spiral cords or nearly smooth. Aperture elongate, moderately narrow, pyriform, Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Columella broadly excavated, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal narrowly incised in thickened adapical tip of aperture. Outer lip thickened but thin edged. About 14 – 15 elongated denticles starting slightly behind peristome. Transition into siphonal canal abrupt, marked by distinct edge. Siphonal canal long, very narrow, distinctly deflected to the left, slightly recurved, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCB0C13FF65F9FFE8AEF812.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species has traditionally been placed in Euthriofusus Cossmann, 1901, but species of that genus are characterized by club-shaped shells with long siphonal canal and are quite unlike Euthria stuetzii (Naumann, 1852). Therefore, ‘ Euthriofusus ’ virgineus (Grateloup, 1833) and ‘ Euthriofusus ’ grateloupi Peyrot, 1928, both from the Early Miocene of France, are also placed by us in Euthria (as proposed for Euthria grateloupi also by Lozouet 2021). General outline, sculpture of early teleoconch whorls and apertural features correspond fully with other Euthria species. A relatively long siphonal canal is also seen in Euthria brunettii nov. sp. and some Pliocene species such as Euthria adunca (Bronn, 1831) and Euthria ceddensis Brunetti & Della Bella, 2016 (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: figs 3 A, 5 B). Among the extant species, Euthria effendyi Fraussen & Dharma, 2002 from Java and Euthria poppei Fraussen, 1999 from Mozambique have comparably long siphonal canals (Fraussen 1999; Fraussen & Dharma 2002). Hauer (1837), Hörnes (1848) and Naumann (1852) treated specimens from the Vienna Basin as Fusus stuetzii, which was a collection name introduced by Partsch. Later, Hörnes (1853) listed this name as synonym of ‘ Fusus virgineus’ [Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833)], without commenting this decision. Thus, the tradition to identify Paratethyan specimens as ‘ Euthriofusus virgineus’ goes back to Hörnes (1853) and Hoernes & Auinger (1890), who referred to illustrations in Grateloup (1845). Peyrot (1928) emphasized the low quality of the illustrations in Grateloup (1845) and excluded the Paratethyan records from Euthria virginea. Subsequently, the understanding of Euthria virginea became strongly biased by the fact that nearly all specimens identified as that species derived from the Paratethys Sea and represent Euthria stuetzii. To our knowledge, only Peyrot (1928) provided an adequate picture of Euthria virginea. This specimen from the Serravallian of Salles (France) differs from Euthria stuetzii in its higher, slenderer spire, the prominent spiral cords on the last whorl, the prominent growth lines and the weakly excavated columella. The French species also has a wider aperture, but this may be pathological in response to a trauma seen in dorsal view (see Peyrot 1928: pl. 8, figs 7 – 8). Euthria anatolica (Toula, 1901), from the Serravallian of the Karman Basin, differs in its even longer siphonal canal and more constricted base (see Landau et al. 2013 for discussion). ‘ Euthriofusus’ hoernesi Peyrot, 1928, from the Serravallian of Salles (France), differs from Euthria stuetzii in its strongly convex spire whorls, the weakly excavated columella, the nearly straight transition from columella to siphonal canal and the even longer siphonal canal. The generic placement of the French species will also need revision, but the very long siphonal canal excludes placement in Euthria. Euthria stuetzii (Naumann, 1852) is highly reminiscent of the extant Euthriostoma saharicum (Locard, 1897) from western Africa, which differs mainly in its strongly shouldered whorls, the smooth inner lip and the wider siphonal canal. Molecular data will be needed to test if Euthriostoma Marche-Marchard & Brébion 1977 [type species Euthriostoma gliberti Marche-Marchad & Brébion, 1977 = Euthriostoma saharicum (Locard, 1897)] might be a junior synonym of Euthria. Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, inner neritic; the occurrence at Gainfarn suggests the vicinity of sea grass (Zuschin et al. 2007; own data).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCB0C13FF65F9FFE8AEF812.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Early Miocene records are based on poorly preserved shells, and we doubt that these are conspecific with the Middle Miocene species (e. g., Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: pl. 5, figs 18 – 19). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Guntersdorf (Austria) (hoc opus), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890), Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Szob, Devecser (Hungary) (Strausz 1966 a; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Kovács 2022); Krško Basin: Gorenje Mokro Polje, Šentjerneja (Slovenia) (Mikuž 2009); Dacian Basin: Bivolare, Opanec, Staropatica, Trifonovo (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCF0C10FF65FF7AED27FD02.taxon	description	Figs 34 J, 45 A – E	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCF0C10FF65FF7AED27FD02.taxon	description	* Fusus (Euthria) subnodosus nov. form. — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 258, pl. 32, figs 1 – 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCF0C10FF65FF7AED27FD02.taxon	description	C [antharus]. (P [ollia]). badensis (R. Hörn. et Au.) — Sieber 1958: 151.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCF0C10FF65FF7AED27FD02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1949 / 0005 / 0023 a, SL: 33.7 mm, MD: 16.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 32, fig. 1), Figs 45 A 1 – A 2. Paralectotypes: NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0452, SL: 32.6 mm, MD: 15.3 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 45 B 1 – B 2. NHMW 1949 / 0005 / 0023 b, SL: 25.9 mm, MD: 14.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 32, fig. 2), Figs 45 C 1 – C 2. NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0274, SL: 27.7 mm, MD: 14.3 mm, Enzesfeld or Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 45 D 1 – D 2. NHMW 2023 / 0352 / 0002, SL: 36.9 mm, MD: 17.9 mm, Mikulov (Czech Republic); Figs 45 E 1 – E 2. Additional paratypes: 23 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0226, Mikulov (Czech Republic); 12 spec., NHMW 1860 / 0001 / 0225, Steinebrunn (Austria); 48 spec., NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0274, Steinebrunn and Gainfarn (Austria), Fig. 34 J Additional material. 38 spec., NHMW 1846 / 0037 / 0273, Steinebrunn, Gainfarn and Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria); 10 spec., NHMW 1856 / 0050 / 0123, Gainfarn (Austria); 4 spec., NHMW 1855 / 0045 / 0453, Gainfarn (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1863 / 0015 / 0681, Niederleis (Austria). Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately broad, biconic shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle 47 – 55 °. Protoconch conical of 1.5 strongly convex whorls; diameter: 720 μm, height: 690 μm. Early teleoconch whorls with straight subsutural ramp, weakly shouldered, bearing broad, widely spaced axial ribs, overrun by five narrow spiral cords. Adapically axial ribs weaken, fading on third teleoconch whorl; spiral cords increasing in number by intercalation of secondary and tertiary spirals. Later spire whorls faintly concave to flat-sided, separated by weakly incised suture, bearing numerous low primary and secondary spiral cords; axials reduced to blurred ribs most prominent at abapical suture. Last whorl attaining ~ 75 % of total height, with broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp, rounded at shoulder that is smooth or with about ten broad, weak axial swellings, spiral sculpture of weak, broad spiral cords, most prominent over subsutural ramp and base, base moderately constricted, fasciole indistinct. Aperture moderately wide, pyriform. Columella moderately and broadly excavated, twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus indistinct, not delimited from base. Anal canal narrowly incised with weak parietal denticle; no anal denticle. Outer lip thin with about ten very prominent lirae placed some distance behind peristome, extending deep within aperture; some lirae start deeper within aperture resulting in bifurcated appearance. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, slightly deflected to the left, weakly recurved, shallowly notched. Paratethyan synonyms. Euthria subnodosa fortestriata Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969, holotype: M. 70.522, Gyükerfői-dombok, Balaton (Hungary). The holotype is a specimen with very prominent spiral sculpture of close-set spiral cords. We interpret it as extreme morphotype of Euthria subnodosa and list it tentatively as synonym of Euthria subnodosa. Euthria januszkiewiczi Friedberg, 1912 (SL: 20 mm, MD: 11 mm) from Zborów (Ukraine) is based on a small, poorly preserved specimen of Euthria subnodosa. Pollia badensis Hoernes & Auinger, 1890, is based on a single specimen (holotype: SL: 16 mm, MD: 9 mm) from Bad Vöslau (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 8). The specimen is lost and the illustration in Hörnes (1853) was said by Hoernes & Auinger (1890) to be not well depicted. In addition, those authors noted that the last whorl bears traces of trauma, which might have influenced the shape of the last whorl. Therefore, a comparison with other species is difficult. The illustration in Hörnes (1853) fits well with Euthria subnodosa, a species, which was not known to Hörnes (1853). Pollia badensis Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 and Euthria subnodosa Hoernes & Auinger, 1890 were published in the same monograph. As first revisers we give precedence to the name Euthria subnodosa Hoernes & Auinger, 1890. Aplus bredai (Michelotti, 1847), from the Tortonian of Stazzano (Italy), with which this species was confused by Hörnes (1853), differs in its sculpture of close-set spiral cords bearing subquadrate tubercles (see Michelotti 1847: 406, pl. 10, fig. 8).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCF0C10FF65FF7AED27FD02.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is characterized by its biconic shell much reduced axial sculpture restricted to the earliest teleoconch whorls and faint tubercles at the shoulder of the last whorl in some specimens, relatively prominent spiral sculpture for the genus, although somewhat variable, and very strong lirae within the outer lip. Euthria minor Bellardi, 1873, from Early Miocene of the Colli Torinesi, is slightly reminiscent but differs in its slenderer outline and more prominent axial ribs (Bellardi 1873; pl. 13, fig. 24; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 6, fig. 13). Specimens from the Langhian of the Loire Basin, described by Glibert (1952) as Euthria subnodosa are only distantly related to the Paratethyan species and differ in their marked shoulder placed below mid-whorl and the prominent denticles on the columella. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCF0C10FF65FF7AED27FD02.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Friedberg 1938); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zborów (Zboriv) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1938); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Lysice (Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Steinebrunn, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; hoc opus); Mikulov (Czech Republic) (Quenstedt 1884; Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani, Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Bahna Basin (Romania) (Macovei 1909).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCD0C10FF65FD3BEFB3F8A4.taxon	description	Figs 46 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCD0C10FF65FD3BEFB3F8A4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: PAL 2018.1.1. HNHM, Department of Paleontology and Geology, SL: 51 mm, MD: 25 mm, illustrated in Kovács (2018: figs 2 – 3), Bánd (Hungary), Figs 46 A 1 – A 2. Paratypes: PAL 2018.2.1. HNHM, SL: 50 mm, MD: 27 mm, illustrated in Kovács (2018: figs 8 – 9), Bánd (Hungary), Figs 46 B 1 – B 2. Coll. V. 2017.02 – 03, Collection Vicián, SL: 44 mm, MD: 22 mm, illustrated in Kovács (2018: figs 4 – 5), Bánd (Hungary), Fig. 46 C. Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately broad, ovate shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls with slightly coeloconoid early spire passing to cyrtoconoid on later whorls; apical angle ~ 60 °. Protoconch paucispiral of 1.25 smooth whorls. First two teleoconch whorls weakly convex with weak axial ribs and delicate spiral cords. Later teleoconch whorls flat-sided, smooth, separated by indistinct suture. Last whorl smooth, ovate, broad, very high, attaining ~ 80 % of total height, subsutural ramp slightly concave, hardly delimited, broadly convex below; base moderately constricted bearing weak spiral cords; fasciole slightly swollen. Aperture moderately small, ovate. Columella broadly and weakly excavated, weakly angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus extending as distinct rim along siphonal canal, weakly delimited from base in parietal area. Anal canal incised, accentuated by prominent parietal denticle. Indistinct swelling in area of anal denticle. Outer lip strongly thickened adapically, thinning below, with about ten short lirae starting some distance behind peristome. Siphonal canal moderately long, relatively wide, deflected to the left, shallowly notched. Color pattern of numerous bands of subquadrate brown and white blotches, resulting in a somewhat blurred, chessboard-like pattern.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCD0C10FF65FD3BEFB3F8A4.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euthria viciani is unique within the Circum-Mediterranean Euthria species, due to its peculiar color pattern and due to the change from coeloconoid to cyrtoconoid spire. Its shape is slightly reminiscent of Euthria fuscocingulatus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) and Euthria depressospira Bandat, 1943, which both lack the concave subsutural ramp. The extant Euthria cecilea Fraussen & Rolán, 2003 from the Cape Verde Islands, is reminiscent of E. viciani, but its blotches are less strictly subquadratic and its spire is more conical. Paleoenvironment. The locality Bánd comprises an assemblage indicative for a shallow marine depositional environment (own data M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFCD0C10FF65FD3BEFB3F8A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Niederleis, Bad Vöslau (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Bánd (Hungary) (Kovács 2018).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC20C1EFF65FA6AED71FD02.taxon	description	Figs 46 D – F	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC20C1EFF65FA6AED71FD02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2023 / 0350 / 0003, SL: 38.1 mm, MD: 19.3 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 46 D 1 – D 2. Paratypes: NHMW 2023 / 0350 / 0003, SL: 39.7 mm, MD: 19.9 mm, Bad Vöslau (Austria), Figs 46 E 1 – E 2. NHMW 2023 / 0347 / 0002, SL: 38.3 mm, MD: 19.6 mm, Niederleis (Austria), Fig. 46 F. Type locality. Bad Vöslau (Austria), Vienna Basin. Type stratum. Baden Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC20C1EFF65FA6AED71FD02.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of Franz Zachos, zoologist at the NHMW.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC20C1EFF65FA6AED71FD02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately broad, ovate shell with slightly coeloconoid early spire passing to cyrtoconoid on later whorls. Anal canal incised with broad, not very parietal denticle; indistinct swelling in area of anal denticle. Outer lip strongly thickened with about eight long lirae.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC20C1EFF65FA6AED71FD02.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, moderately broad, ovate shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls with slightly coeloconoid early spire passing to cyrtoconoid on later whorls; apical angle ~ 60 °. Protoconch unknown. First two teleoconch whorls with weak axial ribs and delicate spiral cords. Later teleoconch whorls flat-sided, smooth, separated by indistinct suture. Last whorl smooth, ovate, broad, very high, attaining ~ 80 % of total height, subsutural ramp slightly concave, hardly delimited, broadly convex below; base moderately constricted bearing distinct spiral cords; fasciole slightly swollen. Aperture moderately small, ovate. Columella broadly and weakly excavated, weakly angled at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus weakly delimited. Anal canal incised, accentuated by broad, not very parietal denticle. Indistinct swelling in area of anal denticle. Outer lip strongly thickened adapically, thinning below, with about eight long lirae starting some distance behind peristome. Siphonal canal moderately long, relatively wide, deflected to the left, shallowly notched.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC20C1EFF65FA6AED71FD02.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The specimens are smaller than Euthria viciani Kovács, 2018 and lack the typical color pattern. In addition, the adapical part of the siphonal canal is wider in Euthria zachosi but subparallel in Euthria viciani. The base and siphonal canal are sculptured with broad, but low, spiral cords whereas Euthria viciani has a smooth and glossy base. Lirae in Euthria viciani are short but reach far into aperture in Euthria zachosi. Paleoenvironment. The occurrences in the Baden Formation of the Vienna Basin suggest middle to outer neritic environments in up to 250 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC20C1EFF65FA6AED71FD02.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Niederleis, Bad Vöslau (Austria).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC30C1DFF65FD3BEC95FB1A.taxon	description	Figs 47 A – B	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC30C1DFF65FD3BEC95FB1A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): specimen illustrated in Friedberg (1912: pl. 9, fig. 4), SL: 11.1 mm, MD: 6.0 mm, Dryszczów (Ukraine); probably stored in the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in L’viv (formerly Muzeum Dzieduszyckich) but we have no access to the collection at present. Paratypes: Friedberg (1912) mentioned 6 specimens from Dryszczów, and 10 shells from Zborów (Zboriv) (Ukraine). Largest specimen given by Friedberg (1912): SL: 15.5 mm, MD: 8 mm. Illustrated material. Kovács & Vicián collection: SL: 10.8 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Letkés (Hungary) (illustrated in Kovács & Vicián 2023: figs 13 M – N), Figs 47 A. SL: 15.5 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, Letkés (Hungary) (illustrated in Kovács & Vicián 2023: figs 13 J – L), Figs 47 B 1 – B 3. Revised description. Small, broad biconic shell of up to six teleoconch whorls; apical angle 57 – 62 °. Protoconch high conical paucispiral. Early teleoconch whorls with broad, drop-shaped axial ribs separated by slightly wider interspaces, overrun by three prominent spiral cords; fourth weaker spiral cord appears below adapical suture. Whorl profile changing from convex (first teleoconch whorl) to weakly convex, with periphery just above abapical suture (second to third teleoconch whorls) to faintly angled with steep, slightly concave subsutural ramp and prominent convexity slightly below mid-whorl on later whorls. Suture moderately incised. Axial ribs becoming broad indistinct swellings on last teleoconch whorls, most prominent along periphery. Spiral sculpture of numerous low spiral cords. Last whorl inflated, strongly convex, attaining ~ 70 % of total height; base strongly constricted, with wide-spaced primary cords with single secondary intercalated in interspaces; fasciole weakly swollen, bearing spiral cords. Aperture moderately wide, pyriform. Columellar callus forming narrow adherent rim. Columella moderately and broadly excavated, smooth, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal indistinct; no parietal or anal denticles. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix, with several prominent, elongate denticles within. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately narrow, slightly deflected to the left.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC30C1DFF65FD3BEC95FB1A.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euthria zboroviensis Friedberg, 1912 is unique within the Paratethyan fauna due to its peculiar shape and cannot be confused with any other Euthria species described herein. We are also not aware of any other comparable species in the Circum-Mediterranean Region. Paleoenvironment. Occurrences at Letkés (Hungary) point to inner neritic environments with corals (Kovács & Vicián 2014). The co-occurring assemblage at Zborów (Ukraine) is also characteristic for nearshore environments (own data M. H.).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC30C1DFF65FD3BEC95FB1A.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów, Zborów (Zboriv) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1938); Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2023).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC00C1BFF65FB03ED98FD2E.taxon	description	Figs 34 K, 48 A – C	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC00C1BFF65FB03ED98FD2E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1847 / 0058 / 0838, SL: 40.5 mm, MD: 20.1 mm, Pınarlar Yaylası, Akpınar (Turkey), Figs 48 A 1 – A 3. Paratypes: NHMW 1847 / 0058 / 0839, SL: 44.1 mm, MD: 21.6 mm, Pınarlar Yaylası, Akpınar (Turkey), Figs 48 B 1 – B 2. RGM 777 871, SL: 38.5 mm, MD: 20.3 mm, Lale on Mut road, Figs 48 C 1 – C 3. RGM 794 572, Pınarlar Yaylası, Akpınar (Turkey), Fig. 34 K. Type locality. Seyithasan (Turkey). Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Týrtar Formation. Age. Middle Miocene, Serravallian.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC00C1BFF65FB03ED98FD2E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In honor of YeŞim Büyükmeriç (Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, Zonguldak, Turkey) for her help during fieldwork in the Karaman Basin.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC00C1BFF65FB03ED98FD2E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately broad fusiform shell with conical spire and smooth, moderately inflated, strongly constricted last whorl, axial and spiral sculpture restricted to first three to four teleoconch whorls, whorl profile changing from weakly convex to moderately convex with shallowly concave subsutural ramp on last spire whorl, aperture with prominent denticle at angulation of columella, siphonal canal moderately long, deflected.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC00C1BFF65FB03ED98FD2E.taxon	description	Description. Medium-sized, moderately broad fusiform shell with conical spire, of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~ 56 °. Protoconch paucispiral of 1.5 convex whorls; diameter: 1100 μm. Transition to teleoconch marked by weak axial ribs. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex. First three teleoconch whorls with moderately prominent axial ribs, fading on fourth whorl, overrun by delicate spiral cords, fading on fourth to fifth whorl. Suture narrowly incised. Whorl profile changing on sixth teleoconch whorl by appearance of shallowly concave subsutural ramp and slight swelling on abapical half of whorl, making whorl profile distinctly convex slightly below mid-whorl forming periphery. Last whorl attaining ~ 70 % of total height, with poorly delimited, narrow, slightly concave subsutural area, moderately inflated mid-whorl, strongly constricted at base, smooth except for indistinct, faint, widely spaced spiral cords over base; fasciole slightly swollen with moderately prominent growth lines. Aperture pyriform, moderately wide. Columellar callus adherent. Columella strongly and broadly excavated, angled at transition to siphonal canal, prominent denticle at angulation. Low, broad parietal swelling. Anal canal moderately incised. No anal denticle. Outer lip with thin peristome and variable number of prominent lirae reaching deep within aperture. Siphonal canal deflected to the left, moderately long and wide, weakly recurved, deeply notched. Color pattern under UV light consisting of blotches and flammules of irregular size and disposition.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC00C1BFF65FB03ED98FD2E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Euthria yesimae nov. sp. was confused by us with Euthria curvirostris (Grateloup, 1845) (Landau et al. 2013). However, E. curvirostris, from the Serravallian of the Aquitanian Basin (France), is slenderer, has a higher spire, a less inflated last whorl, a longer and strongly recurved siphonal canal and prominent spiral sculpture. (see Peyrot 1928: pl. 5, figs 45 – 46). The Middle Miocene, Paratethyan Euthria odiosa nov. sp. has less convex whorls, a less concave subsutural ramp, a less inflated last whorl and a less constricted base. Euthria depressospira Bandat, 1943 differs in its ovate outline with weak, adpressed suture, higher last whorl and less constricted base. Euthria (Euthria) cornea (Linné) var. curvirostris sensu Symeonidis (1966: 281, pl. 9, figs 6 – 7), from the Serravallian of Crete, differs in its less convex whorls and less constricted base. Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Pınarlar Yaylası, Akpınar, Lale (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1BFF65FC3FE863F93C.taxon	description	Figs 49 A – B * Fusus immaturus n. sp. — Fuchs in Karrer 1877: 368, pl. 16 a, fig. 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1BFF65FC3FE863F93C.taxon	description	F [usus]. (F [usinus].) immaturus Fuchs — Sieber 1958: 152.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1BFF65FC3FE863F93C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 2023 / 0357 / 0002, SL: 3.2 mm, MD: 1.5 mm, Perchtoldsdorf (Austria); illustrated in Fuchs in Karrer (1877: pl. 16 a, fig. 2), Figs 49 A 1 – A 2. Illustrated material. NHMW 1868 / 0051 / 0009, SL: 3.6 mm, MD: 1.8 mm, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 31, fig. 11), Perchtoldsdorf (Austria), Fig. 49 B.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1BFF65FC3FE863F93C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This tiny species was placed in Euthria by Hoernes & Auinger (1890), which was followed by subsequent authors. The large protoconch with the characteristic sculpture of delicate axial ribs is typical for the columbellid genus Bellacolumbella Harzhauser & Landau, 2021. Bellacolumbella immatura differs from congeneric species described by Harzhauser & Landau (2021) and represents an additional species in this genus, which was overlooked by Harzhauser & Landau (2021) in their revision of the Paratethyan Columbellidae.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1BFF65FC3FE863F93C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Perchtoldsdorf (Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966 a).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1AFF65F8E0EDABFE0E.taxon	description	Figs 49 C 1 – C 2 Fusus (Euthria?) immaturus Fuchs — Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 257, pl. 31, fig. 12.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1AFF65F8E0EDABFE0E.taxon	materials_examined	Material. NHMW 1868 / 0001 / 0413, SL: 4.8 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 31, fig. 12), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 49 C 1 – C 2.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1AFF65F8E0EDABFE0E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The specimen illustrated as Fusus (Euthria?) immaturus by Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 31, fig. 12) is identical with the columbellid Bellacolumbella embryonalis as reviewed by Harzhauser & Landau (2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC60C1AFF65F8E0EDABFE0E.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Letkés (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; Harzhauser & Landau 2021).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC70C1AFF65FB49ED3AF90F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, specimen illustrated in Strausz (1954: pl. 4, figs 93 a – b); SL: 6 mm, MD: 3 mm, Várpalota (Hungary).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC70C1AFF65FB49ED3AF90F.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This species is based on a juvenile specimen with smooth early whorls and axial ribs with pointed nodes along the shoulder on the last whorl. It is surely not an Euthria species but seems to represent Melanopsis bouei Férussac, 1823. This species occurs in Upper Miocene (Pannonian) deposits. Pannonian deposits and Middle Miocene deposits occur at Várpalota (Hungary) and therefore this Upper Miocene species might have been mixed with the Middle Miocene marine material.	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
03CE9F1CFFC70C1AFF65FB49ED3AF90F.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Várpalota (Hungary) (Strausz 1966 a).	en	Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2024): The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 5427 (1): 1-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5427.1.1
