taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CEC61C5578FFB596F03237FD9447B9.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Alpaida conica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5578FFB596F03237FD9447B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adapted from Levi (1988) and Baptista et al. (2025). Males and females of Alpaida are recognized by the glabrous body, exhibiting varying color shades, mostly red, orange, yellow or green, in living specimens. Males of Alpaida resemble those of Edricus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890 and Wagneriana F. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 by having palp bearing radix, embolus and terminal apophysis fused into one sclerite (Fig. 5); and a mushroom- or cap-shaped conductor lobe (termed paramedian apophysis by Levi (1988 )) (Figs 5, 8 A, 11 A) attached to the conductor, as in Edricus. Males of Alpaida can be distinguished from those of Edricus by the wide carapace (Figs 1 A, 4 A, 6 A, 9 A), clypeus relatively low and usually by the smaller and simpler median apophysis and larger and more complex terminal apophysis (Figs 3 A, 5, 10 A); and differ from those of Wagneriana by the glabrous orange carapace, the smaller and simpler median apophysis and the conductor lobe mushroom- or cap-shaped (Figs 5, 8 A, 11 A). Females of Alpaida have a wide head with eyes ringed in black (Figs 2 A, 7 A, 10 A) and the epigyne is usually a transverse sclerotized structure with a triangular median scape, posterior lips, and copulatory openings located on each side between the posterior plate and the lips (Figs 3 B, C, 8 B, C, 11 B, C).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5578FFB596F03237FD9447B9.taxon	description	Description. See Levi (1988).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557BFFB196F037FEFCBD4579.taxon	description	Figs 1 A – D, 2 A – D, 3 A – C, 15	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557BFFB196F037FEFCBD4579.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Alpaida guimaraes: holotype ♀ from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 01. XII. 1993, M. Hoffmann coll. (MCN 11969), examined. Paratypes. ♀ from Kartabo, Guyana, 1922 (AMNH), not examined; ♀ from Jacareacanga, Pará, Brazil, X. 1959, M. Alvarenga coll. (AMNH), not examined; ♂ from Fazenda Almada, Uruçuca, Bahia, Brazil, 26. XI. 1967, J. S. Santos coll. (MCN 10287), examined, misidentified as A. guimaraes; ♀ from Chavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil, X. 1946, H. Sick coll. (MZSP 4637), not examined; 3 ♀ from Barra dos Bugres, Mato Grosso, Brazil, A. Cerrutti coll. (MNRJ), not examined (destroyed by the 2018 fire). Alpaida murtinho: ♂ holotype from Vila Murtinho, Rondônia, Brazil, 03. IV. 1992, J. H. Willianson coll. (MZSP), not examined. Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Pará: São Geraldo do Araguaia, Serra dos Martírios / Andorinhas (6 ° 14 ' 35.7 '' S, 48 ° 28 ' 2.5 '' W), 22 – 26. X. 2019, C. Xavier coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 038515); same locality as previous (except 6 ° 13 ' 39.6 '' S, 48 ° 26 ' 41.3 '' W), 22 – 26. X. 2019, S. Chaves coll., 2 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 038516); same locality as previous, A. Salgado coll., 2 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 038517); same data as previous, 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 038518); Juruti, Várzea (02 ° 30 ' 08.8 '' S, 56 ° 09 ' 48.87 '' W), 22. II. 2011, B. V. B. Rodrigues coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 024314); same locality as previous (except 02 ° 12 ' 36.1 '' S, 56 ° 07 ' 20.7 '' W), 08. I. 2012, N. Bastos coll., 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 024317); same locality as previous, E. G. Cafofo coll., 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 024319); same locality as previous, 22. II. 2012, N. F. Lo-Man-Hung, 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 024318); same locality as previous, 07. VIII. 2010, N. Abrahim, 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 024320).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557BFFB196F037FEFCBD4579.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of A. guimaraes are similar to the males of A. utcuyacu (Levi 1988, fig. 30) and A. coroico Levi, 1988 (Levi 1988, fig. 43) in having a short and pointed embolus and a short terminal apophysis; similar to A. utcuyacu by the narrow and curved conductor lobe and to A. coroico by the conspicuous lobe on the ventral edge of the tegulum (Figs 1 C, D, 3 A). Males of A. guimaraes are differentiated by the presence of denticles on the distal margin of the terminal apophysis (Figs 1 C, D, 3 A); specifically, from A. utcuyacu by the presence of a conspicuous tegular lobe and from A. coroico by the median apophysis slightly shorter (Figs 1 C, D, 3 A). Females A. guimaraes resemble those of A. utcuyacu (Levi 1988, figs 25, 26) by the two dorsal paramedian white bands and a ventral large subrectangular black spot on the abdomen and by the presence of two lateral lobes on the epigyne (Figs 2 C, D, 3 B, C), differing by the larger, rounded epigynal lips, which, in A. utcuyacu, are slender, with a median inner projection (Levi 1988, figs 25, 26).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557BFFB196F037FEFCBD4579.taxon	description	Description. Female (based on holotype MCN 11969): carapace longer than wide, orange (Fig. 2 A). Sternum cordiform, orange, with a black longitudinal median stripe. Chelicerae, maxillae, and labium orange (Fig. 2 B). Legs yellow; femora I – II, IV with brown spots apically; patellae, tibiae and metatarsi I – IV with brown longitudinal dorsal bands; tibiae I – II brown ventrally; tarsi I – IV brown (Figs 2 A, B). Abdomen twice as long as wide, anterior and posterior region slightly tapered; dorsum gray with an anterior median ellipsoid white spot, two longitudinal paramedian white spots with a median inward-directed projection, and a posterior longitudinal white stripe (Fig. 2 A); venter dark grey, surrounded by a lateral beige spot (Fig. 2 B). Epigyne (Figs 2 C, D, 3 B, C) bears an inconspicuous scape; posterior plate slightly wider than long, with paramedian copulatory openings; lips with anterior projection curved inward. Male (based on MPEG. ARA 038516): carapace, sternum, chelicerae, maxillae and labium as in female (Figs 1 A, B). Legs as in female (Figs 1 A, B). Abdomen oval; dorsum with and anterior median strip connected with two paramedian longitudinal white strips (Figs 1 A, B); venter dark grey surrounded by a beige lateral spot (Figs 1 A, B). Palp (Figs 1 C, D): tegular lobe well-developed; terminal apophysis with distal margin bearing denticles; conductor lobe slender with acute tip, ventrally curved; conductor broad with a mesal projection lying on the terminal apophysis; embolus pointed, retrolaterally directed; median apophysis posteriorly conspicuous with a pointed posterior tip. Taxonomic notes. Levi (1988: 390) described A. guimaraes based on a female from the central-western state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, associating it with a male from a different locality 1,770 Km apart, in the northeastern state of Bahia, Brazil, and indicated that this association was not certain, basing his decision solely on similarities in color the pattern of the abdomen and legs. After examining numerous Alpaida specimens deposited at the MPEG, we recognized females of A. guimaraes collected along with males originally attributed to A. murtinho Levi, 1988. These specimens share similar morphological characters, including a distinctive color pattern: orange sternum with a central black spot, gray abdomen with longitudinal white spots, dark venter surrounded by a beige spot, and all legs with a longitudinal dorsal brown strip, from the apex of the femur to the tip of the tarsus (Figs 1 A, B, 2 A, B). Females of Alpaida guimaraes exhibit an unusual genital morphology, with epigyne possessing robust and well-developed lips and inconspicuous median scape (Figs 2 C, D, 3 B, C), a feature also present in A. utcuyacu Levi, 1988. Males of A. murtinho also share several similarities with males of A. utcuyacu (see diagnosis above), while Levi's (1988) male of A. guimaraes is very distinctive due to the presence of a conspicuous basal prong and distal lobe of the terminal apophysis, mushroom-shaped conductor lobe and a posteriorly projected median apophysis, bearing pointed ends (Figs 4 C, D, 5). In this context, we assume that the female of A. guimaraes and the male of A. murtinho belong to the same species, being similar to A. uticuyacy, and, by page priority, we consider A. murtinho as junior synonym of A. guimaraes. The male described as A. guimaraes by Levi (1988) is redescribed below as A. tupinamba sp. nov. Natural history. The examined specimens were collected in savanna and flooded forests habitats in the Amazon.	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557BFFB196F037FEFCBD4579.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Guyana and Brazil (Fig. 15; Levi, 1988).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557CFFB396F032F2FCCE47EB.taxon	description	Figs 4 A – D, 5, 15	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557CFFB396F032F2FCCE47EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ from Fazenda Almada, Uruçuca, Bahia, 26. XI. 1979, J. S. Santos coll. (former paratype of A. guimaraes, MCN 10287), examined. Additional material examined. None.	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557CFFB396F032F2FCCE47EB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name Tupinamba is a noun in apposition honoring the Tupinambá tribes from the Amazon. The choice highlights the importance of local communities and the area's biodiversity, as well as recognizing the crucial role of these communities in the preservation and understanding of the regional fauna.	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557CFFB396F032F2FCCE47EB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of A. tupinamba sp. nov. are similar to those of Alpaida almada Levi, 1988 (Levi 1988: 481, fig. 639) and Alpaida chickeringi Levi, 1988 (Levi 1988: 481, fig. 634) judging by the elongated and pointed apical end of the median apophysis (Figs 4 C, D, 5). Alpaida tupinamba sp. nov. is distinguished from those species by the distal lobe of the terminal apophysis, which is more elongated and projected anteriorly than in A. almada and A. chickeringi, and with a shorter conductor lobe (Figs 4 C, D, 5).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557CFFB396F032F2FCCE47EB.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on the holotype MCN 10287): carapace longer than wide, pale gray (Fig. 4 A); chelicerae, maxillae and labium orange (Fig. 4 B); sternum pale gray, cordiform (Fig. 4 B). Legs light yellow at the base and brown at the apex and coxae dark brown (Fig. 4 A, B). Abdomen gray, dorsum with a white anterior transversal spot extended into three longitudinal stripes (a central and two lateral ones), posteriorly with large dark gray spot (Fig. 4 A); venter mostly dark gray (Fig. 4 B). Palp (Figs 4 C, D, 5): tegulum rounded, with a well-developed tegular lobe; median apophysis projected posteriorly beyond the tegulum, and pointed at the apical end; conductor lobe prolaterally curved; conductor broader than long, with a longitudinal median groove; embolus subrectangular, directed posteriorly; terminal apophysis with a wide and flattened base and prolaterally divided into an elongated, finger-like basal prong and distal lobe, the first slightly arched ending in a wider sub-quadrate tip, and the latter projected anteriorly beyond the tegulum, and ending in a rounded tip. Measurements. Total length: 4.1. Carapace: length: 2.0; width: 1.7. Leg I: femur: 2.2; patella + tibia I: 2.4; metatarsus 1.8; tarsus 0.9. Patella + tibia: II 2.1; III 1.1; IV 1,7. Female: unknown. Taxonomic notes. The color pattern of the male of A. tupinamba sp. nov. is very distinct from those in all other species of Alpaida known only by females. The abdomen is gray, with an anterior white transverse band that divides it in three longitudinal stripes — one median and two lateral ones — in addition to a large dark spot in the posterior region. These combined features make the species easily distinguishable within the genus.	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C557CFFB396F032F2FCCE47EB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only by the type locality (Fig. 15).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5571FFBF96F037FEFC38448D.taxon	description	Figs 6 A – D, 7 A – D, 8 A – C, 15	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5571FFBF96F037FEFC38448D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ from Base de Operações Geológicas Pedro de Moura (04 ° 52 ' 07.6 '' S, 65 ° 15 ' 53.6 '' W), Coari, Amazonas, Brazil, 11 – 20. VII. 2003, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll. (MPEG. ARA 031211). Paratypes. 1 ♀, same data as the holotype (MPEG. ARA 031200); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as the holotype (MPEG. ARA 031203). Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Coari, Base de Operações Geólogo Pedro de Moura (04 ° 52 ' 07.6 '' S, 65 ° 15 ' 53.6 '' W), 11 – 20. VII. 2003, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 031190); same locality as previous, 12 – 20. VII. 2003, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 031194); same data as previous, 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 031195); same data as previous, 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 031197); same locality as previous, 01. X. 2004, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 031209); same locality as previous (except 04 ° 50 ' 42.7 '' S, 65 ° 17 ' 15.7 '' W), 03. XI. 2008, S. Dias et al. coll., 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 031544); Porto Urucu (04 ° 53 ' 42.5 '' S, 65 ° 11 ' 18.2 '' W), 17. VII. 2003, D. Guimarães coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 031208); same locality as previous, 19 – 22. VII. 2003, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll., 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 0311192); Novo Airão, Parque Nacional do Jaú (02 ° 17 ' 40.3 '' S, 62 °), 27 ' 19.5 '' W, B. Santos coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 037627); same data as previous, 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 037580); same data as previous except N. Feitosa coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 037571); same data as previous, 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 037572); same locality as previous (except 02 ° 18 ' 14.6 '' S, 62 ° 29 ' 23.4 '' W), N. Feitosa coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 037565); same locality as previous (except 02 ° 17 ' 52.2 '' S, 62 ° 27 ' 6.2 '' W), N. Feitosa coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 037570); same locality as previous (except 02 ° 17 ' 52.4 '' S, 62 ° 29 ' 46.6 '' W), N. Feitosa coll., 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 037557); same data as previous, except N. Feitosa coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 037556).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5571FFBF96F037FEFC38448D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name Tukano is a noun in apposition and honors the Tukano indigenous tribes from the Upper Rio Negro region in the Amazon and reflects the cultural and geographical connection to Coari, where the species is found, acknowledging the link between local biodiversity and the region's traditional communities.	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5571FFBF96F037FEFC38448D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of A. tukano sp. nov. are similar to those of A. rosa Levi, 1988 (Levi 1988, p. 463, figs 499, 500), A. versicolor Keyserling, 1877 (Levi 1988, figs 158, 159) and A. dominica Levi, 1988 (Levi 1988, figs 152, 153) by having terminal apophysis with a median anterior projection and an elongated, anteriorly projected distal lobe (Figs 6 C, D, 8 A). Males of A. tukano sp. nov. are distinguished from those three species by having an inconspicuous median anterior projection on the distal lobe (large, pointed in the other species) and a longer than wide, blade-shaped basal prong of the terminal apophysis (Fig. 8 A), and specifically from A. versicolor and A. dominica by the shorter and wider embolus, longer than wide conductor, which bears a median longitudinal sheath, and by the absence of a pointed median projection on the distal lobe of the terminal apophysis (Figs 6 C, D, 8 A). Females of Alpaida tukano sp. nov. resemble those of A. hoffmanni Levi, 1988 (Levi 1988, figs 92 − 94) and A. chapada Levi, 1988 (Levi 1988, figs 97 − 99) by the epigyne with a triangular conspicuous median scape in ventral view and a smooth posterior plate and semicircular lateral edges in posterior view (Figs 7 D, 8 C). Females of A. tukano sp. nov. are distinguished from those species by the epigyne bearing a longer than wide posterior plate (Figs 7 C, 8 B) and the abdomen lacking an anterior hump (Fig. 7 A), while in A. chapada and A. hoffmani, the epigynal posterior plate is wider than long and the abdomen has anterior and posterior humps (Levi 1988, figs. 93, 94, 98, 99).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5571FFBF96F037FEFC38448D.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on holotype MPEG. ARA 031211): carapace yellow (Fig. 6 A); chelicerae and maxillae orange with brown shading, labium brown (Fig. 6 B); sternum yellow with brown spots, cordiform, and orange contour (Fig. 6 B). Legs yellow apically and brown distally, except by the metatarsi entirely yellow and coxae ventrally mottled pale gray. Abdomen oval; dorsum pale gray, with two pairs of anterior dark gray spots and four transversal dark gray stripes (Fig. 6 A); venter pale gray with a Y-shaped gray median spot, dark gray on the sides (Fig. 6 B). Palp (Figs 6 C, D, 8 A): with tegular lobe sinuous; terminal apophysis with basal prong longer than wide, medially with a sclerotized keel and distal lobe curved apically and projected anteriorly; conductor lobe thin, mushroom-shaped; conductor longer than wide; embolus short, longer than wide, posteriorly directed; median apophysis U-shaped in ventral view and not reaching past beyond the tegulum; Measurements. Total length: 3.91. Carapace: length 2.00; width 1.52. Leg I: femur 1.82; patella + tibia: 2.86; metatarsus 1.84; tarsus 0.89. Patella + tibia II 1.96; III 1.48; IV 2.57. Female (based on paratype MPEG. ARA 031200): carapace light yellow with dark brown margins (Fig. 7 A); chelicerae, maxillae, labium and sternum as in male but darker (Fig. 7 B). Legs as in male, but coxae mottled dark gray (Figs 7 A, B). Abdomen oval; dorsum pale gray with two pairs of anterior spots and indistinct median and posterior transversal spots (Fig. 7 A); venter pale gray, dark gray on the sides (Fig. 7 B). Epigyne (Figs 7 C, D, 8 B, C) with subtriangular scape bearing a subposterior pocket and an elongated, slender longitudinal notch; posterior plate longer than wide with a narrow and straight base, and convex lips. Measurements. Total length: 4.33. Carapace: length 1.95; width 1.43. Leg I: femur 1.75; patella + tibia: 2.42; metatarsus 1.36; tarsus 0.72. Patella + tibia II 1.91; III 1.51; IV 2.34. Natural history. The examined specimens were collected in forested areas, including interior, edges and clearings, using pitfall traps and Winkler extractor. This indicates this species can build webs close to the ground.	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5571FFBF96F037FEFC38448D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the state of Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 15).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5572FFBA96F0339BFC3847F7.taxon	description	Figs 9 A – D, 10 A – E, 11 A – C, 15	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5572FFBA96F0339BFC3847F7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ from Base de Operações Geológicas Pedro de Moura (04 ° 51 ' 17.7 '' S, 65 ° 04 ' 14.4 '' W), Coari, Amazonas, Brazil, 29. IX. 2006, N. F. Lo-Man-Hung coll. (MPEG. ARA 038514). Paratypes. ♀, same data as the holotype (MPEG. ARA 038513); ♀, same data as the holotype, except for 15. X. 2006 (MPEG. ARA 038509). Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Coari, Base de Operações Geólogo Pedro de Moura (04 ° 52 ' 07.6 '' S, 65 ° 15 ' 53.6 '' W), 01. XI. 2006, D. F. Candiani coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 038506); same locality as previous, 26. X. 2006, N. F. Lo-Man-Hung coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 038507); same locality as previous, 05. IX. 2019, C. A. C. Santos coll., 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 038508); same locality as previous, 06. IX. 2006, D. F. Candiani coll., 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 038510); same data as previous, 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 038511); same locality as previous, 22. IX. 2006, C. A. C. Santos coll., 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 038512).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5572FFBA96F0339BFC3847F7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name Kayapo is a noun in apposition was chosen due to its significant connection to the Amazon region, where the Kayapo indigenous tribes live. These tribes are known for their close relationship with the Amazon rainforest, which is also the habitat of the newly described species.	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5572FFBA96F0339BFC3847F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males and females of A. kayapo sp. nov. resemble A. clarindoi Nogueira & Dias, 2015 (Nogueira & Dias 2015, figs 1 – 9) by the dorsum of the abdomen with an anterior median white spot and a pair of conical shoulder humps on the anterolateral edges (termed as “ shoulder spines' ' by Nogueira & Dias (2015 )), although these projections are inconspicuous in the males (Figs 9 A, 10 A). Males of A. kayapo sp. nov. resembles those of A. clarindoi by having a round conductor, slightly curved embolus, distal lobe of the terminal apophysis anteriorly projected and anterior edge of the tegulum with a small pointed lobe (Figs 9 C, D, 11 A). A. kayapo sp. nov. being distinguished by the terminal apophysis with longer basal prong and cockscomb-shaped distal lobe with spiniform projections at the apex, distal lobe in a similar fashion as in A. vera Levi, 1988 (Figs 9 C, D, 11 A; Levi 1988, fig. 380); while A. clarindoi has a pointed and elongated distal lobe and shorter basal prong of the terminal apophysis (Nogueira & Dias 2015, figs 7 – 9). Females of A. kayapo sp. nov. are very similar to those of A. clarindoi by the epigyne with triangular scape and sub-rectangular posterior plate (Figs 10 C – E, 11 B, C; Nogueira & Dias 2015, figs 3 – 5), differing by having round spermathecae and more sclerotized ventral plate with only a median subrectangular unsclerotized area (Figs 10 C – E, 11 B, C) (vs elliptical spermathecae and ventral plate with a large median triangular unsclerotized area in A. clarindoi) (Nogueira & Dias 2015, figs 3 – 5).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5572FFBA96F0339BFC3847F7.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on holotype MPEG. ARA 038514): Carapace, chelicerae, maxillae and labium pale orange (Figs 9 A, B); sternum cordiform, orange with a median longitudinal slender dark stripe (Fig. 9 B). Legs orange (Figs 9 A, B). Abdomen gray, dorsum with scattered dark patches, denser on the posterior region, with three anterior and one median white spot, and bearing a pair of faint anterolateral dorsal shoulder humps (Fig. 9 A); venter with two paramedian white bands and a large posterior band on each side (Fig. 9 B). Palp (Figs 9 C, D, 11 A): tegular lobe small and acuminate; terminal apophysis broad, with basal prong flat, long and slender, and distal lobe anteriorly projected, bearing four apical spines and one ventroapical digitiform process; conductor lobe digitiform; conductor rounded, short; embolus slightly curved and tapered at the tip; median apophysis twice as long as wide, canoe-shaped. Measurements. Total length: 4.46. Carapace: length 2.22; width 1.74. Leg I: femur 1.92; patella + tibia: 2.43; metatarsus 1.43; tarsus 0.96. Patella + tibia II 1.95; III 1.42; IV 2.51. Female (based on paratype MPEG. ARA 038513): Carapace, chelicerae, maxillae and labium orange (Fig. 10 A); sternum cordiform, orange with a mosaic of white patches (Fig. 10 B). Legs orange at the base and slightly brown distally, except the coxae and metatarsi entirely orange (Figs 10 A, B). Abdomen dark gray with an anteromedian and two anterolateral white spots and bearing a pair of anterolateral dorsal shoulder humps (Fig. 10 A); venter brown, except by the yellow anterior region, bearing two white paramedian bands, posteriorly acuminate (Fig. 10 B). Epigyne (Figs 10 C – E, 11 B, C) with a subtriangular and broad scape, bearing a median subposterior pocket and a broad longitudinal median notch; posterior plate wider than long with two diagonal lateral pockets; lips with straight lateral margin. Measurements. Total length: 6.43. Carapace: length 2.93; width 2.25. Leg I: femur 2.61; patella + tibia: 3.58; metatarsus 2,089; tarsus 1.02. Patella + tibia II 2.87; III 2.17; IV 3.46. Taxonomic notes. Alpaida kayapo sp. nov. is closely related to A. clarindoi due to genitalic morphology and abdominal coloration and both species are found in the Amazon, with a distance between the type localities of approximately 660 km. Although males present clear differences in the terminal apophysis, females are more difficult to diagnose. However, some differences are noticeable: the legs of A. kayapo sp. nov. are lighter than those of A. clarindoi (Figs 10 A, B; Nogueira & Dias 2015, fig. 2); the spermathecae of A. kayapo sp. nov. are spherical, while those of A. clarindoi are elliptical, longer than wide (Fig. 10 D; Nogueira & Dias 2015, fig. 5); and the central, unsclerotized region on the epigynal ventral plate is subrectangular in A. kayapo sp. nov., while it is subtriangular in A. clarindoi (Fig. 10 C; Nogueira & Dias 2015, fig. 3). For these reasons, although we recognize the great similarity between the two species, A. kayapo sp. nov. is herein described as a distinct species from A. clarindoi. Natural history. The examined specimens were collected in forest areas.	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5572FFBA96F0339BFC3847F7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the state of Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 15).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5576FFBB96F037FEFD9441A5.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Aculepeira packardi (Thorell, 1875)	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5576FFBB96F037FEFD9441A5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Following Levi (1991), females of Aculepeira are recognized by having epigyne with a pointed scape, lacking a pocket at the tip (Figs 13 C, D, 14 B, C), while males have median apophysis bearing two flagella at its proximal end, boat- to disc-shaped conductor and conductor lobe absent (Figs 12 C, D, 14 A).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5576FFBB96F037FEFD9441A5.taxon	description	Description. See Levi (1998).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5569FFA696F037FEFC1F4131.taxon	description	Figs 12 A – D, 13 A – D, 14 A – C, 15	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5569FFA696F037FEFC1F4131.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ from Apa, Paraguay, (AMNH), not examined. Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Pará: São Geraldo do Araguaia, Serra dos Martírios / Andorinhas (06 ° 13 ' 32.9 '' S, 48 ° 26 ' 35.0 '' W), 22. X. 2019, P. Pantoja coll., 1 ♂ (MPEG. ARA 038505); same locality as previous (except 06 ° 14 ' 35.7 '' S, 48 ° 28 ' 2.5 '' W), N. Feitosa coll., 1 ♀ (MPEG. ARA 038504).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5569FFA696F037FEFC1F4131.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of A. apa resemble those of A. travassosi (Soares & Camargo, 1948) (Levi 1991, fig. 447) and A. vittata (Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948) (Levi 1991, fig. 452) by the elongated median apophysis, with teeth on the retrolateral edge and flagellar projections on the prolateral edge (Figs 12 C, 14 A). Males of A. apa can be distinguished from those species by presenting three dark brown longitudinal bands on the dorsum of the abdomen (Fig. 12 A), smaller, semicircular embolus and smaller flagellar projections than in A. vittata and A. travassosi (Figs 12 C, 14 A); A. travassosi has no dorsal bands on the abdomen and A. vittata has one median longitudinal white band, both of these species have slender and long embolus, almost reaching the ventral edge of the tegulum (Levi, 1991; figs 547, 552). Females are unique among Aculepeira species by the slender thread-like epigynal scape and the dorsal longitudinal dark stripes on the abdomen (Figs 13 A, C).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5569FFA696F037FEFC1F4131.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on MPEG. ARA 038505): Carapace dark orange (Fig. 12 A); chelicerae, maxillae, labium and sternum orange, labium prolaterally pale yellow (Fig. 12 B). Legs yellow at the base and brown distally, except for the metatarsi, which bears brown annular median and apical bands, and coxae entirely orange (Figs 12 A, B). Abdomen twice as long as wide; dorsum brown, with three longitudinal dark brown stripes with white outline (Fig. 12 A); venter brown (Fig. 12 B). Palp (Figs 12 C, D, 13 A): terminal apophysis longer than wide, pointed; conductor longer than wide; embolus with a wide, semicircular base, acute distally; median apophysis wider than long bearing two fishtail-shaped flagella at the prolateral end and several dark teeth on the retrolateral end. Measurements. Total length: 6.85. Carapace: length 1.91; width 1.53. Leg I: femur 1.76; patella + tibia: 2.57; metatarsus 0,83; tarsus 1.69. Patella + tibia II 2.03; III 1,18; IV 1.89. Female (based on MPEG. ARA 038504): Carapace, chelicerae, maxillae, labium and sternum as in male (Figs 13 A, B). Legs orange (Figs 12 A, B). Abdomen oval, about twice as long as wide; dorsum similar to that of the male, but lighter, pale brown with three brown longitudinal stripes (Fig. 13 A); venter dark brown, surrounded by a beige large strip laterally (Fig. 13 B). Epigynum (Figs 13 C, D, 14 B, C) bearing an anterior slender scape, curved posteriorly at the base, the tip reaching the middle region of the ventral plate; posterior plate cordiform; lips convex, laterally encircling the ventral and the posterior plates. Taxonomic notes. The male described here (Figs 12 D, 14 A) was collected along with a female of Aculepeira apa (Figs 13 A – D, 14 B, C). The association is also justified by the remarkable similarity in the morphology of the abdomen of these specimens (Figs 12 A, 13 A).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
03CEC61C5569FFA696F037FEFC1F4131.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Paraguay and Brazil (Pará; new record; Fig. 15).	en	Pamplona, Raiany, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Pantoja, Paulo (2025): Three new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889, the real male of A. guimaraes Levi, 1988 and the male of Aculepeira apa Levi, 1991 (Araneae: Araneidae). Zootaxa 5696 (1): 63-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.1.4
