taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CF87A5FFCF8E21FE19FC4AF5A7FDF5.taxon	description	Head globular; frons usually rounded. Ocellus generally absent. Chaetosema present. Labial palpus porrect, triangularly dilated with scales, about twice to four times as long as head width. Maxillary palpus upright, distally brush-like. Forewing generally with a median fascia and a subterminal fascia, cell with a brown spot or stipe, terminal fascia with several small dots; R 1 present and sometimes connected with Sc, R 2 free, R 3, R 4 and R 5 stalked, M 2 and M 3 not stalked, cubitus with CuA 1 and CuA 2, anal sector with 2 A and traces of 3 A. Hindwing white to pale brown; M 1 fused with Sc + R 1 or connected with it by a short cross vein, M 2 and M 3 stalked, CuA 1 and CuA 2 present. Male with single frenulum, female with three frenula in most species, sometimes double; male frenulum hook present. Male genitalia with hairs on base of uncus; valva variously shaped, costa sclerotized, sacculus rarely sclerotized; vinculum often wide basally, narrowed towards apex, convex or concave apically; pseudosaccus always well-developed. Female genitalia with developed anal papilla, connected dorsally and ventrally; apophysis posterioris usually as long as anal papilla; apophysis anterioris absent or absen; ductus bursae usually slender; corpus bursae usually without signum. Biology Larvae of C. paludella were known to be borers of Typha latifolia L. (Typhaceae) (Hasenfuss 1960), and the larva and pupa of C. shichito were described with host unknown (Marumo 1931). Adults of Calamotropha are nocturnal and can be attracted by artificial lights. Distribution Palaearctic Region, Oriental Region, Ethiopian Region and Australian Region. Checklist of Calamotropha Zeller in China	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC88E21FF16FDF1F54BFD6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Yunnan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC88E21FF16FD72F54CFCF3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Hainan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC88E21FF16FCFEF5D2FC36.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Taiwan), South Africa.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC88E21FF16FC3BF674FA75.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning), Central Asia, Japan, Europe.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC88E21FF16FA05F532F978.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Taiwan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC98E20FF4AFF62F435FE63.taxon	description	Crambus brevilinellus South 1901, in Leech and South: 394, pl. 14, fig. 3. Type locality: Emeishan, Sichuan, China.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC98E20FF4AFF62F435FE63.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC98E20FF4AFE6EF5B3FD07.taxon	description	fig. 126. Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang), Japan.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC98E20FF4AFCCAF572FC2B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Taiwan), Sri Lanka.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC98E20FF4AFC36F5CAFB6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC98E20FF4AFB72F40AFAB3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin), Japan.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC98E20FF4AFABEF51EFA37.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Shaanxi).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC98E20FF4AF9C5F40FF978.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Hainan, Hong Kong, Taiwan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCA8E23FF16FEA2F310FD7C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning), Japan, Russia (Far east).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCA8E23FF16FD00F5CAFCBF.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Guangxi, Sichuan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCA8E23FF16FC40F58FFBDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Tibet), India.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCA8E23FF16FBA1F399FAF9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan), India, Sri Lanka.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCA8E23FF16FA86F33FFA38.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCA8E22FF16F9C7F4F3FEBD.taxon	description	Calamotropha flaviguttella Inoue (nec Wileman and South), 1959: 234.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCA8E22FF16F9C7F4F3FEBD.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Korea, Japan.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCB8E22FF4AFE49F4D7FD8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Jiangsu, Hunan, Zhejiang), Malaysia, Philippines.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCB8E22FF4AFD50F35DFCB0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan), Korea, Japan.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFCB8E2DFF4AFCBAF440FEDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shandong, Shanghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Afghanistan, Australia, Central Asia, Western Europe, Indonesia, India, Japan, Korea, Madagascar, South Africa.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC48E2DFF16FEADF5A7FDE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Hubei, Yunnan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC48E2DFF16FDECF4D9FCA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Zhejiang).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC48E2DFF16FCACF33AFBE0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Zhejiang).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC48E2DFF16FBEEF542FAE1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Taiwan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC48E2FFF16FAE9F39EF988.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Yunnan).	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC78E29FE71FF6DF373F958.taxon	description	(Figures 1 D and 2 A) Holotype Male, CHINA: [label 1, white] “ Xunyangba (33 ◦ 19 ′ N, 108 ◦ 20 ′ E), Ningshan, Shaanxi Province / 1360 m, 28 June 2007 / coll. Haili Yu ”; [label 2, white] genitalia slide No. “ LWC 07418 ”; [label 3, red] “ Calamotropha / duofurcata / Li and Li / Holotype ♂ ”. Paratype One male, same data as holotype. Diagnosis This species resembles C. sybilla Bleszynski, 1966. It can be distinguished from the latter by the dorsal margin of gnathos with a process at middle, the apex of valva bluntly rounded, and the distal third of costa armed with dentations in the male genitalia. In C. sybilla, the gnathos does not have any dorsal process, the apex of valva is pointed, and the costa is smooth. Description Adult (Figure 1 A). Forewing length 8.5 – 9.0 mm. Frons and vertex white. Labial palpus white, first and second segments orange yellow on outer surface; third segment with distal half pale brown except white tip. Maxillary palpus orange yellow, white distally. Antenna white on dorsal surface, orange yellow on ventral surface. Patagium white except orange yellow laterally. Thorax and tegula white. Forewing white, pale brown on basal one-fifth along costa, somewhat pale orange yellow from near outside of subterminal fascia to terminal fascia; median fascia orange yellow, angled outwards at about costal one-sixth and dorsal one-fifth, respectively, angled inwards near middle, with a distinct black spot at middle; subterminal fascia orange yellow, outcurved at about costal one-third, concave at about dorsal one-quarter; short orange yellow stripe from costa between median and terminal fasciae extending downward meeting terminal fascia just below costa; rounded orange yellow spot at apex, dim orange yellow stripe near orange yellow spot; terminal fascia pale brownish yellow, mixed with dark brown on costal one-quarter, with three black dots on dorsal two-fifths; cilia yellowish brown. Hindwing white, terminal fascia pale brown; cilia white. Legs white; tibia and tarsus of foreleg orange yellow on outer side, tarsi of mid- and hindlegs blackish brown and white alternately on outer side. Male genitalia Uncus broad basally, narrowed to distal third, distal third swollen slightly, apex bifurcated. (Figure 2 A) Gnathos about twice as long as uncus, blunt apically; medially downcurved, with an obtusely angular dorsal process. Valva with basal two-fifths broad, parallel dorsoventrally, distal three-fifths narrowed towards bluntly rounded apex; costa convex to an obtuse angle at about basal one-third, distal third dentate; vinculum broad basally, concave at middle apically. Pseudosaccus thumb-shaped. Phallus nearly as long as valva, slightly curved at basal and distal one-third respectively; cornutus absent. Female Unknown. Distribution China (Shaanxi). Etymology The specific name is derived from the Latin prefix duo- = double, and the Latin furcatus = furcate, in reference to the distally bifurcated uncus in the male genitalia.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC18E2AFE00FA74F574FE6F.taxon	description	(Figures 1 B and 2 B) Holotype Male, CHINA: [label 1, white] “ Ruili Rare Botanical Garden (24 ◦ 00 ′ N, 97 ◦ 50 ′ E), Yunnan Province / 1000 m, 5 August 2005 / coll. Yingdang Ren ”; [label 2, white] genitalia slide No. “ LWC 08356 ”; [label 3, red] “ Calamotropha / abrupta / Li and Li / Holotype ♂ ”. Paratypes One male, same data as holotype; 1 male, Laiyanghe (23 ◦ 04 ′ N, 101 ◦ 01 ′ E), Pu’er, Yunnan Province, 1700 m, 28 July 2007, coll. Ping You. Diagnosis This species is closely related to C. indica Bleszynski, 1966. It can be distinguished from the latter by the uncus bifurcated distally, the sacculus without dentation, and the vesica with a row of cornuti in the male genitalia. In C. indica, the uncus is not bifurcated, the sacculus bears many dentations in distal half, and the vesica has a cluster of cornuti. Description Adult (Figure 1 B). Forewing length 8.5 – 10.0 mm. Frons and vertex white mixed with pale brown. Labial palpus with first and second segments orange yellow, third segment pale brown except white tip. Maxillary palpus orange yellow mixed with pale brown, white distally. Antenna pale brown and white alternately on dorsal surface, pale brown on ventral surface. Patagium yellowish white except pale brown laterally. Thorax and tegula yellowish white. Forewing pale brown mixed with orange yellow; median fascia pale brown, outcurve at about costal one-third and dorsal one-quarter, respectively, incurve at about dorsal one-third, armed with three small brown spots near middle; subterminal fascia pale brown, outcurve at about costal one-quarter, dorsal three-quarters with a row of brown dots; apex with an ovate spot, its costal half black, dorsal half white edged with black; terminal fascia orange yellow, dorsal one-third with three black dots; cilia pale brown, distal half golden. Hindwing and cilia pale yellow. Fore- and midlegs pale brown, hindleg orange yellow; tarsi of mid- and hindlegs white, with blackish brown spots on outer side. Male genitalia Uncus straight, distal one-quarter bifurcated (Figure 2 B). Gnathos about twice as long as uncus, downcurved medially, blunt apically. Valva short and broad, apex truncate; costa arched; sacculus long and narrow, somewhat concave near middle ventrally. Pseudosaccus thumb-shaped. Vinculum broad basally, concave at middle apically. Phallus about twice as long as valva, slightly curved at basal one-third; vesica with 12 different-sized spine-like cornuti, arranged in one row. Female Unknown. Distribution China (Yunnan). Etymology The specific name is derived from the Latin abruptus = truncate, in reference to the truncate apex of valva in the male genitalia.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFC38E35FE78FE01F4D8FCE4.taxon	description	(Figures 1 C and 2 C) Holotype Male, CHINA: [label 1, white] “ Tongguling (19 ◦ 36 ′ N, 110 ◦ 45 ′ E), Wenchang, Hainan Province / 50 m, 20 July 2008 / coll. Bingbing Hu and Li Zhang ”; [label 2, white] genitalia slide No. “ LWC 08409 ”; [label 3, red] “ Calamotropha / aequilata / Li and Li / Holotype ♂ ”. Paratype One female, same data as holotype except dated 18 July 2008 (abdomen missing). Diagnosis This species is similar to C. paludella (Hübner, 1824). It can be distinguished from the latter by the valva concave at apex, and the vesica with a cluster of cornuti in the male genitalia. In C. paludella, the valva is truncate apically, and the vesica has a row of cornuti. Description Adult (Figure 1 C). Forewing length 6.5 – 7.0 mm. Frons and vertex white. Labial palpus white, first and second segments pale brown on outer surface, third segment orange yellow. Maxillary palpus pale brown, tip white. Antenna pale brown. Patagium, thorax and tegula pale brown mixed with white. Forewing with white background colour, scattered with pale brown scales, cell with a black spot near upper corner; median fascia unseen; subterminal fascia blackish brown, outcurved at about costal one-third, dorsal two-thirds parallel with termen; terminal fascia pale brown, with seven black dots; cilia greyish white basally, blackish brown near base, distal two-thirds pale brown. Hindwing and cilia white. Fore- and midlegs pale brown; hindleg orange yellow, tarsi white, blackish brown and white alternately on outer side. Male genitalia Uncus and gnathos long and thin, bluntly rounded apically; gnathos slightly shorter than uncus (Figure 2 C). Valva aequilate, parallel dorsally and ventrally, apex concave at about ventral one-third; costa long and thin, distally with five small dentations. Pseudosaccus slightly convex basally, concave medially, rounded apically. Vinculum broad basally, narrowed towards bluntly rounded apex. Phallus about one and half times as long as valva, straight; vesica with a cluster of different-sized spine-like cornuti. Female Abdomen missing. Distribution China (Hainan). Etymology The specific name is derived from the Latin prefix aequi = identical, and the Latin latus = wide, in reference to the aequilate valva in the male genitalia.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDC8E34FDC5FCFBF35DFB2A.taxon	description	(Figures 1 D and 2 D) Holotype Male, CHINA: [label 1, white] “ Ruili Rare Botanical Garden (24 ◦ 00 ′ N, 97 ◦ 50 ′ E), Yunnan Province / 1000 m, 6 August 2005 / coll. Yingdang Ren ”; [label 2, white] genitalia slide No. “ LWC 08442 ”; [label 3, red] “ Calamotropha / unispinea / Li and Li / Holotype ♂ ”. Paratype One male, same data as holotype. Diagnosis This species resembles C. albistrigella (Hampson, 1896). It can be distinguished from the latter by the apex of valva truncate on dorsal half, concave on ventral half, the vesica with a long spine-like cornutus in the male genitalia. In C. albistrigella, the apex of valva is convex, and the cornutus is absent. Description Adult (Figure 1 D). Forewing length 10.0 – 10.5 mm. Frons and vertex white. Labial palpus pale brown, white on dorsal and inner surfaces. Maxillary palpus pale brown, tip white. Antenna white on dorsal surface, orange yellow on ventral surface. Patagium white except pale brown laterally. Thorax and tegula pale brown. Forewing yellowish white, scattered with pale brown scales; costal margin densely covered with pale brown scales; cell with a black spot at about three-fifths on lower margin; subterminal fascia pale brown, angled outwards at about costal one-third; terminal fascia pale brown, with two black dots at tornus; cilia yellowish white. Hindwing and cilia white. Legs white, tarsi pale brown and white alternately on outer side; fore- and midlegs pale brown on outer side. Male genitalia Uncus downcurved conspicuously, basal one-third broad, distal two-thirds thin, bluntly rounded apically (Figure 2 D). Gnathos slightly shorter than uncus, broad basally, tapering to blunt apex. Valva short and broad, apex truncate on dorsal half, concave on ventral half; costa slightly arched near middle. Pseudosaccus thumbshaped. Vinculum broad basally, narrowed towards blunt apex. Phallus about twice as long as valva, slightly curved near middle; vesica with single long spine-like cornutus. Female Unknown. Distribution China (Yunnan). Etymology The specific name is derived from the Latin prefix uni- = single, and the Latin spineus = spinous, in reference to the vesica with a single spine-like cornutus in the male genitalia.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDD8E31FE46FAC5F433F978.taxon	description	(Figures 3 A, 4 A and 5 A)	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDD8E31FE46FAC5F433F978.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species resembles C. okanoi Bleszynski, 1961. It can be distinguished from the latter by the ductus bursae not conspicuously divided from the corpus bursae in the female genitalia, the apex of valva concave in C shape, and the vesica with a thornlike cornutus in the male genitalia. In C. okanoi, the ductus bursae is conspicuously divided from the corpus bursae, the valva is pointed distally, and the vesica bears a row of small spine-like cornuti. Material examined	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDD8E31FE46FAC5F433F978.taxon	materials_examined	CHINA: 1 male, Diaoluoshan (18 ◦ 47 ′ N, 109 ◦ 52 ′ E), Lingshui, Hainan Province, 300 m, 10 – 15 August 2008, coll. Bingbing Hu and Li Zhang; 1 female, Tongguling (19 ◦ 36 ′ N, 110 ◦ 45 ′ E), Wenchang, Hainan Province, 50 m, 18 July 2008, coll. Bingbing Hu and Li Zhang; 1 male, Nam Chung, New Territories (22 ◦ 25 ′ N, 114 ◦ 10 ′ E), Hong Kong, 135 – 150 m, 18 April 2007, coll. Houhun Li et al.; 1 male, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, New Territories, Hong Kong, 210 – 455 m, 13 – 14 April 2007, coll. Houhun Li et al.; 1 male, Dalan Lack, Ho Chung, Sai Kung, New Territories, Hong Kong, 105 m, 24 September 2009, coll. Houhun Li et al.; 3 males, Sha Law Tung, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, 225 m, 16 September 2009, coll. Houhun Li et al. Redescription Adult (Figure 3 A). Forewing length 7.0 – 9.0 mm. Frons and vertex white. Labial palpus white, orange yellow on outer surface. Maxillary palpus orange yellow, tip white. Antenna pale brown, orange yellow ventrally. Patagium white, orange yellow laterally. Thorax white. Tegula orange yellow. Forewing white, costa densely covered with blackish brown scales, forming a dark band, veins with scattered blackish brown scales; median fascia pale brown mixed with orange yellow, outcurved at about costal onethird, incurved at about dorsal two-fifths, with small blackish brown spot, outcurved near dorsum; cell with black spot near upper corner; subterminal fascia orange yellow, outcurved near middle; apex with triangular black stigma; terminal fascia black; cilia orange yellow mixed with pale brown. Hindwing white to pale brown; cilia yellowish white to orange yellow. Legs white, tarsi pale brown and white alternately on outer side; femora and tibiae of fore- and midlegs blackish brown on outer side. Male genitalia Uncus and gnathos long and thin, nearly equal in length, bluntly rounded apically (Figure 4 A). Valva short and broad, apex concave in C shape; costa long and thin, slightly concave near base, convex medially. Pseudosaccus ovate. Vinculum broad basally, apically concave at middle. Phallus about twice as long as valva, straight; vesica with single thorn-like cornutus. Female genitalia Anal papilla ovate, nearly as long as apophysis posterioris (Figure 5 A). Tergite eight about twice as long as apophysis anterioris. Antrum funnel-shaped, strongly sclerotized. Ductus bursae long and thin, not conspicuously differentiated from corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis arising from distal margin of antrum. Corpus bursae oval; signum absent. Distribution China (Hainan, Hong Kong, Taiwan). Remarks The female of this species is described for the first time.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFD98E33FE57FF62F433FCAA.taxon	description	(Figures 3 B, 4 B and 5 B)	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFD98E33FE57FF62F433FCAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species resembles C. brevilinella (South, 1901). It can be distinguished from the latter by the ductus bursae looped at about distal one-third in the female genitalia, and the phallus produced to a long and thin apical spine, and the vesica with three cornuti in the male genitalia. In C. brevilinella, the ductus bursae bears no loop, and the phallus is not conspicuously produced to an apical spine, and the vesica has two cornuti. Material examined	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFD98E33FE57FF62F433FCAA.taxon	materials_examined	CHINA: 1 male, 1 female, Fengtongzhai (30 ◦ 22 ′ N, 102 ◦ 50 ′ E), Baoxing, Sichuan Province, 1600 m, 3 August 2004, coll. Yingdang Ren; 1 male, Yonghong (28 ◦ 51 ′ N, 103 ◦ 31 ′ E), Mabian, Sichuan Province, 1500 m, 23 July 2004, coll. Yingdang Ren. Redescription Adult (Figure 3 B). Forewing length 10.5 – 11.0 mm. Frons and vertex white. Labial palpus white, first and second segments orange yellow on outer surface; third segment blackish brown, tip white. Maxillary palpus orange yellow, tip white. Antenna white and orange yellow alternately on dorsal surface, blackish brown ventrally. Patagium white, orange yellow laterally. Thorax and tegula white. Forewing white; median fascia orange yellow, inconspicuous; with a long thin black stripe extending from above middle of fold obliquely upward to near upper corner of cell; subterminal fascia yellowish brown, outcurved at about costal quarter; apex with orange yellow spot and orange yellow stripe near orange yellow spot; terminal fascia orange yellow, dorsal one-third with three black dots; cilia orange yellow. Hindwing white, scattered with pale brown scales along costal two-fifths; cilia yellowish white to orange yellow. Legs white; tibia and tarsus of foreleg pale brown; femur and tibia of midleg pale yellow on outer side, tarsi of mid- and hindlegs with blackish brown spots on outer side. Male genitalia Uncus long and thin, broad basally, tapering to pointed apex (Figure 4 B). Gnathos about one and a third times as long as uncus, bluntly rounded apically, downcurved and dorsally protuberant at about distal one-third. Valva with basal two-thirds nearly equal in width, distal one-third narrowed towards rounded apex, medially with long and thin sclerotized pleat, dentate dorsally, reaching about distal one-third of valva; costa convex near base, distally with four spines pointed backwards; sacculus with long and thin sclerotized pleat, dentate dorsally, reaching about distal one-third of valva. Pseudosaccus thumb-shaped. Vinculum broad basally, concave at middle apically. Phallus broad basally, produced to a long and thin apical spine, curved at about basal quarter, slightly shorter than valva; vesica has one small and two tiny spine-like cornuti. Female genitalia Anal papilla nearly triangular, about twice as long as apophysis posterioris (Figure 5 B). Tergite eight about twice as long as apophysis posterioris. Apophysis anterioris short. Ductus bursae long and thin, about three times as long as corpus bursae, distal one-third sclerotized, looped at about distal one-third. Corpus bursae oval; signum absent. Distribution China (Guangxi, Sichuan). Remarks The female of this species is described for the first time.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDA8E32FE5AFCBAF5F7FA94.taxon	description	(Figures 3 C, 4 C and 5 C)	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDA8E32FE5AFCBAF5F7FA94.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species resembles C. indica Bleszynski, 1961, but can be distinguished by the funnel-shaped antrum in the female genitalia, and by the absence of cornutus in the male genitalia. In C. indica, the antrum is tubular, and the vesica has four cornuti. Material examined	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDA8E32FE5AFCBAF5F7FA94.taxon	materials_examined	CHINA: 2 females, Tongzhong Forestry Center (21 ◦ 37 ′ N, 108 ◦ 20 ′ E), Fangchenggang, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, 640 m, 7 – 8 April 2002, coll. Shulian Hao and Huaijun Xue; 1 female, Qingyinge (29 ◦ 32 ′ N, 103 ◦ 19 ′ E), Emeishan, Sichuan Province, 11 September 1988, coll. Qiuyuan, Jingyan and Shuling; 2 males, 1 female, Linjiang (28 ◦ 19 ′ N, 106 ◦ 12 ′ E), Xishui, Guizhou Province, 500 m, 31 May 2000, coll. Yanli Du; 1 female, Linjiang, Xishui, Guizhou Province, 25 September 2000, coll. Haili Yu. Redescription Adult (Figure 3 C). Forewing length 9.0 – 9.5 mm. Frons and vertex yellowish white. Labial palpus yellowish white, third segment pale brown distally. Maxillary palpus yellowish white mixed pale brown, tip white. Antenna orange yellow, yellowish white on dorsal surface. Patagium white, orange yellow laterally. Thorax and tegula white. Forewing with costal one-third deep yellowish brown, dorsal two-thirds white except distal one-sixth covered with orange yellow scales; median fascia orange yellow, outcurved at about costal one-quarter, dentated inwards at about dorsal two-fifths, dentated outwards at about dorsal one-quarter; subterminal fascia orange yellow, angled outward at about costal one-quarter, with four small pale brown dots between costal quarter and dorsal two-fifths; apex white, with a black spot; terminal fascia orange yellow, dorsal two-fifths with three black dots; cilia orange yellow, pale brown at base. Hindwing and cilia yellowish white. Legs white to yellowish white, foreleg pale brown on outer side, tarsi of mid- and hindlegs blackish brown and white alternately on outer side. Male genitalia Uncus broad basally, narrowing subapically to bluntly rounded apex (Figure 4 C). Gnathos about one and one-third times as long as uncus, distal one-third covered with granules and tiny dentations, rounded apically. Valva short and broad, apex rounded; costa slightly convex near middle; sacculus long and thin, covered with dentations of various sizes on about distal two-fifths. Pseudosaccus thumb-shaped. Vinculum broad basally, concave at middle apically. Phallus about one and half times as long as valva, straight, distal three-quarters densely covered with granules; cornutus absent. Female genitalia Anal papilla ovate, about twice as long as apophysis posterioris (Figure 5 C). Tergite eight slightly longer than apophysis posterioris. Apophysis anterioris short, spine-like. Antrum funnel-shaped, sclerotized strongly. Ductus bursae long and thin, about one and half times as long as corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis arising from distal margin of antrum. Corpus bursae oval; signum absent. Distribution China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan), India, Sri Lanka. Remarks The female of this species is described for the first time.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDB8E3CFE61FA68F685FD07.taxon	description	(Figure 3 D) New record for China	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
03CF87A5FFDB8E3CFE61FA68F685FD07.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined CHINA: 1 female, Mêdog (29 ◦ 13 ′ N, 95 ◦ 18 ′ E), Tibet Autonomous Region, 880 m, 16 August 2003, coll. Xinpu Wang and Huaijun Xue. Distribution China (Tibet), India. Remarks This species is reported from China for the first time. Geographical distribution pattern of Calamotropha in China To date, 27 species of Calamotropha have been recorded in China, with altitudes ranging from 15 m to 1740 m. Fifteen of these species (C. abrupta sp. nov., C. aequilata sp. nov., C. baibarella, C. brevilinella, C. dentatella, C. duofurcata sp. nov., C. formosella, C. franki, C. josettae, C. multicornuella, C. sawtoothella, C. shichito, C. sienkiewiczi, C. subterminella and C. unispinea sp. nov.) are endemic to China (Figure 6). According to the general distribution of Calamotropha, these species are distributed in two subregions with distribution of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest: C. aureliella, C. doii and C. fulvifusalis are only recorded in the north, whereas the other species are known in the south with the exception of C. aureliella, C. paludella and C. okanoi, which extend to the region lying to the north of latitude 35 ◦. We can see that the region lying to the south of latitude 35 ◦ and east of longitude 95 ◦ has very high species diversity, which is shown by the dot-dashed lines in the distribution map (Figure 6). However, little is known about the larvae and the life history of Calamotropha, and the relationship between the distribution of Calamotropha and the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest remains unclear. Possibly, the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest can provide a suitable habitat for the majority of Calamotropha species.	en	Li, Weichun, Li, Houhun (2012): Review of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (43 - 44): 2639-2664, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.724719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.724719
