taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CF3C55FF95FFC3FF58FBA0FEF0FE83.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Chinaia bella Bruner & Metcalf, 1934 by original designation. Total length. 5.2 – 10 mm.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF95FFC3FF58FBA0FEF0FE83.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head with anterior margin broadly rounded, without transverse carina in transition between crown and frons (Figs 1, 3, 12, 13, 22, 31, 33); ocelli located slightly below transition margin between crown and frons (Figs 23, 13, 23, 32 – 33); clypeus with lateral margins apically divergent (Figs 2, 23, 32). Pronotum with posterior margin straight, not emarginated (Figs 1, 12, 22, 31); forewing thickened, opaque and colored on basal and middle thirds, always with contrasting stains in yellow, orange, red and / or brown tones, only apical third hyaline (Figs 4, 14, 24, 34); forewing venation obscure except claval suture and apical cells, with three apical cells (Figs 4, 14, 24, 34); hind wing with R 4 + 5 and M 1 + 2 divergent apically, not fused. Male genitalia: pygofer either with dorsal processes or elongated apex (Figs 5, 15, 25, 35); subgenital valve fused with subgenital plates, but with weak depigmented line between them; subgenital plates deep and scoop-shaped, fused only on basal third, sometimes with six or less setae close to inner margins (Figs 6, 16, 26, 36); styles with preapical lobe well developed and laterally projected (Figs 7 – 8, 17 – 18, 27 – 28, 37 – 38); connective cruciform, articulated to aedeagus (Figs 8, 18, 28, 38); aedeagus moderately straight or recurved, with or without lateral flaps or processes, and with apical gonopore (Figs 9 – 11, 19 – 21, 29 – 30, 39 – 40); anal tube simple and membranous, without processes (Figs 5, 15, 35). Notes. Chinaia can be easily separated from the other genera of Neocoelidiinae by the general coloration of the crown, pronotum and mesonotum, yellow to orange with dark-orange to red stains and / or strips (Figs 41 – 47). The forewings are thickened and colored on the basal and middle thirds, always with contrasting stains in yellow, orange, red and / or brown tones, apical third hyaline (Figs 41 – 47). Besides the characters given above, the following combination of features also help to separate Chinaia from the other genera: (1) pygofer, in lateral view, approximately triangular, enlarged basally, narrowing gradually towards apex (Figs 5, 15, 25, 35); (2) valve fused to subgenital plates, with depigmented line between them (Figs 6, 16, 26, 36); and (3) connective cruciform (Figs 8, 18, 28, 38).	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF96FFC3FF58FE6BFF1DF874.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pygofer with long dorsal process bifurcated apically, dorsal branch of process larger than ventral one (Fig. 5). Subgenital plates, in ventral view, with six to seven macrosetae on apical half (Fig. 6). Aedeagus dorsally curved, “ U ” shaped, with long basal apodeme and a pair of anteriorly curved spines at apex, and apical gonopore opening between spines (Figs 9 – 11).	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF96FFC3FF58FE6BFF1DF874.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). Male holotype: total length 5.86; crown median length 0.60; transocular width 1.48; interocular width 0.80; frons basal width 0.60; frons length 0.88; pronotum median length 0.64; width between humeri 1.60; mesonotum median length 0.68; mesonotum maximum width 0.88; forewing length 5.05; forewing maximum width 1.44. General color. Yellow with orange and brown stains (Figs 41 – 42). Head, in frontal view, entirely dark yellow, without distinct stains; crown dark yellow, without stains. Proepimerum orange; pronotum yellowish with orange stripe along posterior and lateral margins. Mesonotum yellowish with orange apex. Forewing yellowish with orange and brown stains and yellow venation; clavus yellow with light orange apex and transverse dark brown preapical stripe; two small brown dots close to anal margin and one small brown stain at apex; basal and middle thirds orange above claval suture, with dark orange stain close to claval suture and light orange along costal margin, intercalated with lighter orange stripe; approximately five brown narrow stripes present: two curved and close to apex of clavus and base of first and second apical cells, and three transverse and close to costal margin on apical third; about six brown dots on venation of second apical cell; hyaline area between the two apical most brown stripes. Hind wing brownish with red venation. Legs yellowish with yellow to light brown setae. Description. Tentorial pits and coronal suture indistinct; frons approximately 1.5 times its basal width; forewing about 3.5 times longer than its greatest width; anteapical cells inconspicuous. Male genitalia: in lateral view, pygofer wider basally, narrowing towards apex and without macrosetae, with long dorsal process bifurcated apically, dorsal branch of process larger than ventral one (Fig. 5). Subgenital plates fused only on basal third, length about two times its basal width; in ventral view, with six to seven macrosetae on apical half, close to inner margin (Fig. 6). Style moderately long and thickened, with apex hook-like, curved ventrally and sclerotized, and with large apical lobe lateral to hook; microsetae bellow hook and several microsetae on apical lobe (Figs 7 – 8). Connective cruciform, approximately same length of style, articulate to aedeagus (Fig. 8). Aedeagus dorsally curved, “ U ” shaped, with long and thickened basal apodeme and a pair of anteriorly curved spines at apex, and apical gonopore opening between spines (Figs 9 – 11). Anal tube simple, without processes (Fig. 5). Female unknown. Geographical distribution. Panamá (Barro Colorado). Specimens examined. Male holotype (NMNH), with following labels: “ PANAMÁ, Panamá, Barro Colorado Isl., 10 – 20. iv. [19] 65, S. S. & W. D. Duckworth [leg.] / Chinaia n. sp. Kramer 1968 ”.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF96FFC3FF58FE6BFF1DF874.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype condition. Lateral side of thorax glued to the triangle. Left antennal flagellum broken only at apex. Legs and forewings in perfect state. Hind wings partially broken. Abdomen dissected.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF96FFC3FF58FE6BFF1DF874.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin, bi, two, twice; cornu, horn. The name alludes to the bifurcated apex of the long dorsal process of the pygofer. Notes. Chinaia bicornis sp. nov. is similar to Chinaia bifurcata Kramer by the shape of the pygofer process (Fig. 5), the general color and the color pattern and stains of the forewings (Fig. 4). The two species can be easily separated by the morphology of the aedeagus, which does not have processes and bears a pair of long basal apodemes in C. bifurcata, and is more slender and possesses a pair of apical processes in C. bicornis sp. nov. (Figs 9 – 11).	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF97FFC4FF58FAB2FA4FFE0C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pygofer with long and slender dorsal process curved downward, with pointed apex (Fig. 15). Subgenital plate with five macrosetae on median and apical thirds close to inner margin (Fig. 16). Aedeagus slender and curved dorsally with pair of apical teeth curved posteriorly and pair of large and spatulate apodemes at base (Figs 19 – 21).	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF97FFC4FF58FAB2FA4FFE0C.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). Male holotype: total length 7.7; crown median length 0.65; transocular width 1.65; interocular width 0.85; frons basal width 0.65; frons length 1.0; pronotum median length 0.65; width between humeri 1.95; mesonotum median length 1.0; mesonotum maximum width 1.3; forewing length 6.2; forewing maximum width 1.5. General color. Whitish (Figs 43 – 44). Head, in frontal view, pale yellow to whitish, without distinct stains, only antennal escape, pedicel and clypeus yellowish. Crown whitish, only posterior margin and contour of tentorial pits yellowish (Fig. 12). Proepimerum yellowish at base and whitish at apex. Pronotum pale yellow to whitish without distinct stains (Figs 12 – 13). Mesonotum whitish with yellowish lateral stains (Figs 12 – 13). Forewing with basal and middle thirds whitish and opaque; apical third yellowish and hyaline, with short irregular brown stripe at apex of inner and central anteapical cells, and three to five brown spots between second and third apical cells; yellowish venation of forewing visible only at apex (Fig. 14). Hind wing hyaline with yellowish venation at basal and middle thirds and brown on apical third. Legs pale yellow. Description. Tentorial pits distinct and coronal suture indistinct; frons approximately 1.5 times its basal width; forewing about four times longer than its greatest width; anteapical cells slightly conspicuous. Male genitalia: in lateral view, pygofer wider basally, narrowing towards apex and without macrosetae, with long and slender dorsal process curved downward, with pointed apex (Fig. 15). Subgenital plates fused only on basal third, length about two times their basal width; in ventral view, with five macrosetae on median and apical thirds, close to inner margin, apices folded dorsad (Figs 15 – 16). Style moderately long and thickened, with apex hook-like, curved ventrally and sclerotized, and with large apical lobe lateral to hook; two microsetae bellow hook (Figs 17 – 18). Connective cruciform, approximately same length of style, articulated with aedeagus (Fig. 18). Aedeagus slender and curved dorsally with pair of apical teeth curved posteriorly and pair of large and spatulate apodemes at base, gonopore apical (Figs 19 – 21). Anal tube simple, without processes (Fig. 15). Female unknown. Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Orellana). Specimens examined. Male holotype (NMNH), with following labels: “ Ecuador, Orellana, Transect Ent. 1 Km S Onkonegare Camp., Reserva Etnica Waorani, 00 º 39 ’ 10 ” S, 076 º 26 ’ 00 ” W / 22 - Jun- 96, T. L. Erwin et al.; Fogging terra firme forest; Lot # 1574 / Loan from USNMNH # 2037483 ”.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF97FFC4FF58FAB2FA4FFE0C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype condition. Right side of thorax glued to the triangle. Right antennal flagellum with broken apex. Right foreleg glued to triangle, tarsus missing; tarsus of left hind leg missing; the other legs in perfect state. Apex of right forewing broken, other wings in perfect state. Abdomen dissected.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF97FFC4FF58FAB2FA4FFE0C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin, longus, long; cauda, tail, appendage. Species name refers to the long and slender dorsal process of the pygofer. Notes. Chinaia longicauda sp. nov. can be easily separated from the other species of the genus by the morphology of the pygofer, with a long and slender process (Fig. 15) that resembles the condition found in Chinaia agarista Kramer. Additionally, the morphology of the aedeagus (Figs 19 – 21) and the color pattern of the forewing (Fig. 14), with few stripes and dots, can quickly differentiate C. longicauda from all the other species of Chinaia.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF91FFC7FF58FDDBFAA7FA22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pygofer, in lateral view, wider basally, narrowing towards apex and without macrosetae or processes (Fig. 25); subgenital plates, in ventral view, with two macrosetae medially, close to inner margin (Fig. 26); aedeagus simple, without processes or lateral flaps, curved dorsally, “ U ” shaped; gonopore located in a “ V ” shaped apical opening (Figs 29 – 30).	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF91FFC7FF58FDDBFAA7FA22.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). Male holotype: total length 5.87; crown median length 0.50; transocular width 1.45; interocular width 0.75; frons basal width 0.55; frons length 1.25; pronotum median length 0.65; width between humeri 1.65; mesonotum median length 0.60; mesonotum maximum width 1.0; forewing length 5.0; forewing maximum width 1.40. General color. Yellow with most of hind wing red (Fig. 45). Head, in frontal view, without distinct stains, except for upper two thirds of gena and maxillary plate, whitish, close to compound eye; maxilla with yellow lower third (Fig. 23); crown yellow, without stains (Fig. 22); pronotum with narrow orange stripe close to posterior margin and with lateral margins of the same color (Fig. 22). Proepisternum orange (Fig. 23); mesonotum with very narrow orange stripe on lateral margins (Fig. 22). Forewing (Fig. 24): clavus with yellow basal half; apex of clavus and entire middle third of wing red, apical third yellowish, being the only hyaline portion of the wing; with three slender brown stripes: one on middle area of clavus, and two on middle third, above claval suture, the most basal slightly longer than the one close to base of apical cells; three lilac stains also on middle third, two smaller close to longer brown stripe and one larger, close to the other brown stripe, above apex of clavus; a row of three brown small dots on apical third, between second and third apical cells; red venation. Brown hind wing with red venation. Yellow legs with setae of the same color. Description. Tentorial pits distinct and coronal suture indistinct; frons approximately two times its basal width; forewing about 3.5 times longer than its greatest width; anteapical cells slightly conspicuous apically. Male genitalia: in lateral view, pygofer wider basally, narrowing towards apex and without macrosetae or processes; posterior margin apparently truncated (it seems to be broken in the holotype) (Fig. 25). Subgenital plates fused only on basal third, approximately as long as pygofer, length about two times its basal width; in ventral view, with two macrosetae medially, close to inner margin (Fig. 26). Style moderately long and thickened, with apex hooklike, curved ventrally and sclerotized, and with large apical lobe, lateral to hook; two microsetae bellow hook (Figs 27 – 28). Connective cruciform, approximately same length of style, articulate to aedeagus (Fig. 28). Aedeagus simple, without processes or lateral flaps, curved dorsally, “ U ” shaped; gonopore located in a “ V ” shaped apical opening (Figs 29 – 30). Anal tube simple, without processes. Female unknown. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas). Specimens examined. Male holotype (INPA), with following labels: “ BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, R. [eserva Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, 26 Km NE de Manaus, xi. 1988, Arm. [adilha] Suspensa, 20 m, J. A. Rafael leg. ”.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF91FFC7FF58FDDBFAA7FA22.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype condition. Glued direct to the entomological pin by the dorsal part of the pronotum, the pin is not well positioned on the right side of pronotum. Left antenna broken at base of flagellum. Left hind leg missing. Abdomen dissected.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF91FFC7FF58FDDBFAA7FA22.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin, modestus, moderate, gentle, unassuming, chaste. The species name is allusive to the male genitalia, especially to the pygofer and aedeagus, both of which are simpler than in other species of Chinaia, lacking any processes or flaps. Notes. Chinaia modesta sp. nov. is very similar to Chinaia bidentata Chiamolera & Cavichioli in the general coloration and male genitalia, although it differs from C. bidentata in by the morphology of the pygofer (Fig. 25) and aedeagus (Figs 29 – 30). The aedeagus of C. modesta does not have any processes, and in C. bidentata it has preapical and apical processes. Differences in the size of the forewing stripes and in the number of small dots present on apical third between the second and third apical cells of the forewing were also observed (Fig. 24).	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF92FFC9FF58F9CBFAA9FE44.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pygofer with large sclerotized process arising from the middle third, dorsally curved, hook-like, with pointed apex (Fig. 35). Subgenital plates, in ventral view, with four macrosetae medially, close to inner margin (Fig. 36). Aedeagus dorsally curved, “ U ” shaped, with fork-like bifurcated apex (Figs 39 – 40).	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF92FFC9FF58F9CBFAA9FE44.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). Male holotype: total length 7.27; crown median length 0.52; transocular width 1.64; interocular width 0.84; frons basal width 0.60; frons length 1.04; pronotum median length 0.76; width between humeri 1.92; mesonotum median length 1.0; mesonotum maximum width 1.24; forewing length 5.96; forewing maximum width 1.36. General color. Pale yellow to whitish, with orange stains (Figs 46 – 47). Head, in frontal view, pale yellow to whitish, without distinct stains, only antennal escapes light orange (Fig. 32); crown entirely pale yellow without stains, except for conspicuous tentorial pits (Fig. 31). Pronotum pale yellow with orange stripe along posterior margin not reaching lateral angles (Figs 31, 33). Mesonotum pale yellow with two approximately triangular brown stains close to the lateral angles, and middle stripe of the same color that does not cross preapical fold (Figs 31, 33). Forewings yellowish with yellow veins and six orange stains: one at center of clavus, one at apex of clavus, and four on basal and middle thirds, above claval suture: a basal one, two central and one preapical (Fig. 34). Hindwing brown with red veins. Legs pale yellow to whitish with setae of the same color. Description. Tentorial pits conspicuous and coronal suture indistinct; frons approximately two times its basal width; forewing about 4.5 times longer than its greatest width; anteapical cells slightly conspicuous apically. Male genitalia: in lateral view, pygofer wider basally, narrowing towards apex and without macrosetae, with large sclerotized process arising from the middle third, dorsally curved, hook-like, with pointed apex (Fig. 35). Subgenital plates fused only on basal third, length about two times its basal width; in ventral view, with four macrosetae medially, close to inner margin (Fig. 36). Style moderately long and thickened, apex hook-like, curved ventrally and sclerotized, and with large apical lobe, lateral to hook; two microsetae bellow hook and several setae at apex of apical lobe (Figs 37 – 38). Connective cruciform, approximately same length of style, articulate to aedeagus (Fig. 38). Aedeagus dorsally curved, “ U ” shaped, with fork-like bifurcated apex, apical gonopore located in the middle of the bifurcation (Figs 39 – 40). Anal tube simple, without processes (Fig. 35). Female unknown. Geographical distribution. Peru (Loreto). Specimens examined. Male holotype (NMNH), with following labels: “ 26. viii. 1965, San Antonio, Loreto, PERU, 82, Coll. J. C. Hitchcock Jr. / Chinaia n. sp. like ornata (Osb.) except pyg. process ”	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF92FFC9FF58F9CBFAA9FE44.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype condition. Right side of thorax glued to the triangle. Antennal flagellum with apical half missing. Right foreleg with the tibia and tarsi missing; left hind leg missing. Forewings and hind wings in perfect state. Abdomen dissected.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
03CF3C55FF92FFC9FF58F9CBFAA9FE44.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the species refers to the country of origin of the holotype, Peru. Notes. Chinaia peruviana sp. nov. is similar to Chinaia lepida Kramer and Chinaia ornata (Osborn) in the apical processes of the pygofer (Fig. 35), although these processes are larger in the new species than in the later. The aedeagus (Figs 39 – 40) is curved dorsally and “ U ” shaped, like in C. ornata, but it does not have a long basal apodeme as in C. ornata. The general coloration, stains and dots of the forewing (Fig. 34) resemble C. ornata.	en	Marques, Ana Paula Coelho, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Four new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 4189 (1): 145-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.7
