taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CC87BCFF94422B3D8A128B9D546EB2.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 9)	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF94422B3D8A128B9D546EB2.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Holotype. female, NE Slovakia, Bukovské Vrchy Hills, Ulič Village (48 ° 57 ' 44 " N, 22 ° 25 ' 34 " E), meadow, in anthill of Lasius flavus (Fabricius, 1782) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) under Quercus palustris, altitude 280 m, August 17, 1999, coll. P. Mašán. Paratypes. four females, with the same data as in holotype [these four specimens from Ulič Village were previously published under the name Hypoaspis (Pneumolaelaps) montana by Fenďa & Mašán (2003)]. The holotype and two paratypes are deposited at the Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, and two other paratypes at the Acarological Collection, Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF94422B3D8A128B9D546EB2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (female). Dorsal shield inversely ovoid, regularly tapering from level of r 5, with uneven reticulate ornamentation on lateral regions, bearing 39 pairs of setae and one unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 5; dorsal setae mostly short, smooth and similar in length, with tips not reaching bases of following posterior setae; setae Z 5 and S 5 longest, at least twice as long as most of other dorsal setae (Z 5 = S 5 = 2.5 x J 5). Sternal shield as long as wide, mostly smooth, except a few irregular liniae / ridges in anterior region. Anal shield subtriangular, with anterior margin straight and anterolateral angles widely rounded; postanal seta slightly thicker and longer than adanals. Peritremes relatively long, anteriorly reaching level between z 1 – s 1. Epistome subtriangular, with rounded or pointed apex. Fixed digit of chelicera with two shallow teeth, movable digit edentate.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF94422B3D8A128B9D546EB2.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (N = 4) Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 1). Dorsal shield ovoid, 475 – 525 µm long and 320 – 350 µm wide, covering most or all of idiosoma dorsally (sometimes leaving exposed a 10 – 15 µm strip of soft integument posterolaterally), smooth medially, with uneven lineate-reticulate ornamentation on lateral areas, bearing 39 pairs of setae: 22 pairs (j 1 – j 6, z 1 – z 6, s 1 – s 6, r 2 – r 5) in podonotal area and 17 pairs (J 1 – J 5, Z 1 – Z 5, Px 2 – Px 3, S 1 – S 5) in opisthonotal area and one unpaired accessory seta between J 1 – J 5; with at least 21 pairs of discernible pore-like structures (four pairs of gland pores and 17 pairs of lyrifissures). All dorsal shield setae simple, smooth and short, except S 2 – S 4 slightly longer, and S 5 and Z 5 longest. Lengths of some dorsal shield setae: j 1 23 – 26 µm, z 1 8 – 11 µm, J 4 25 – 31 µm, J 5 21 – 26 µm, Z 5 52 – 58 µm, S 4 41 – 47 µm, S 5 49 – 55 µm. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 2). Tritosternum with short columniform base (19 – 25 µm) and pilose laciniae (60 – 63 µm). Sternal shield subquadrate, 100 – 115 µm in length and width, widest at level of coxae II – III (146 – 158 µm), with convex anterior and slightly concave posterior margin; surface smooth, or weakly reticulate in anterior portion; setae short, with tips not reaching bases of following ones (st 1 24 – 27 µm, st 2 and st 3 29 – 32 µm); lyrifissures iv 1 and iv 2 slit-like. Metasternal setae (st 4 29 – 34 µm) and associated lyrifissures iv 3 on soft integument; endopodal platelets III – IV subtriangular, narrow and free from sternal shield. Epigynal shield tongueshaped, elongate, slightly bulging at level between st 5 and Zv 1, 203 – 223 µm long and 117 – 127 µm wide (103 – 112 µm at level of st 5); anterior hyaline margin broadly convex, extending to level between sternal setae st 2 and st 3; posterior portion with lineate ornamentation pattern forming usually eight elongate cells; genital setae (st 5 31 – 34 µm) inserted on mediolateral margins and associated lyrifissures iv 5 on soft integument; soft integument with two pairs of small sclerites, one close and lateral to Zv 1, and another farther, at level between iv 5 and Zv 1. Metapodal platelets suboval. Anal shield 73 – 81 µm long and 71 – 77 µm wide, triangle-shaped, with lineate-reticulate pattern (predominated by semicircular lines) on anterior portion; postanal seta 31 – 39 µm long, negligibly thickened and slightly longer than adanal setae (24 – 27 µm); cribrum with narrow band of spicules. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 16 pairs of setae. Poststigmatic section of peritrematal shield narrow, tapered posteriorly. Gnathosoma (Figs 3 – 5). Epistome (Fig. 3) subtriangular, sharply or obtusely pointed, rarely bipointed. Corniculi short and narrow, with a bump or protuberance on lateral margin, more or less horn-like; internal malae abutting each other, median projections narrow, with smooth margins, with dense laterobasal fimbriae; labrum blade-like, reaching tip of palpgenu (Fig. 4). Deutosternal furrow narrowed posteriorly, with six transverse rows of denticles, each with 4 – 16 denticles. Lengths of hypostomal and palpcoxal setae: h 1 17 – 21 µm, h 2 12 – 15 µm, h 3 27 – 31 µm, pc 17 – 19 µm. Shape and dentition of chelicera as in Fig. 5; lengths of cheliceral articles: the second segment 80 – 100 µm, fixed digit 22 – 24 µm, movable digit 22 – 27 µm. Legs (Figs 6 – 9). Tarsi I – IV each with a pair of claws and pulvillus. Lengths of legs: leg I 390 – 434 µm, leg II 285 – 320 µm, leg III 222 – 275 µm, leg IV 368 – 397 µm. Setae ad 1 on femur I, II and IV thickened, setae pd on trochanter I, al on trochanter II, pl on trochanter III, ad 1 on femur III, ad 2 on femur IV and ad on trochanter IV slightly thickened. MALE. Unknown.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF94422B3D8A128B9D546EB2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the Latin adjective " ambiguus " (= uncertain) is referred to the fact that this species may be readily confused because it is intermediate in appearance between some other congeners, together representing a species complex whose members are difficult to delineate.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF94422B3D8A128B9D546EB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species can be reliably recognised by the following combination of characters used in the identification key above: (1) setae Z 5 and S 5 similar in length and about 2.5 times longer than J 5; (2) setae J 5 relatively short, with their tips not reaching beyond posterior margin of dorsal shield; (3) soft integument with 16 pairs of setae.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9942273D8A128B9E346BA9.taxon	description	(Figs 10 – 18) Hypoaspis (Holostaspis) montana. — Karg, 1971: 171, 172, Fig. 192 (in part). Misidentification.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9942273D8A128B9E346BA9.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Four females — N Slovakia, Malá Fatra Mountains, Martin Town, Martinské Hole Hills, south slope of Krížava Mt. (49 ° 05 ' 37 " N, 18 ° 49 ' 26 " E), meadow, edge of spruce forest (with Picea abies), in anthill of Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), altitude 1,380 m, April 14, 1991 (3 ♀♀), June 23, 1993 (1 ♀), coll. P. Mašán. Holotype female (No. 7218: 3383) — C Finland, Oulu Town, Hailuoto Island, compost of garbage and garden residues, October 14, 2004 (deposited at the Finnish Museum of Natural History — LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Finland).	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9942273D8A128B9E346BA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (female). Dorsal shield inversely ovoid, with anteriorly lineate-reticulate and posteriorly reticulate, with almost polygonal cells, smooth medially, bearing 39 pairs of setae and 1 – 4 unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 5; most of dorsal setae moderately long, smooth and similar in length; setae Z 5 and S 5 longest, almost twice as long as the shortest dorsal setae with medial position (Z 5 = S 5 = 2 x J 5); setae J 5 with tips reaching beyond posterior margin of dorsal shield. Sternal shield subquadrate, with obscure posteromedial margin (in available specimens) and mostly smooth. Anal shield subtriangular, with well-rounded corners, having anterior margin almost straight and anterolateral angles widely rounded; postanal seta slightly thicker and longer than adanals. Peritremes long, with anterior ends reaching beyond bases of s 1. Epistome subtriangular, with central cusp apically rounded or pointed. Fixed digit of chelicera with one subterminal denticle, movable digit edentate. Corniculi with a small notch laterally.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9942273D8A128B9E346BA9.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 4) Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 10). Dorsal shield oval, 470 – 515 µm long and 320 – 380 µm wide, smooth medially, with uneven lineate-reticulate ornamentation on anteromarginal surface, weak polygonal meshes on posterior region; bearing 39 pairs of setae: 22 pairs (j 1 – j 6, z 1 – z 6, s 1 – s 6, r 2 – r 5) in podonotal area and 17 pairs (J 1 – J 5, Z 1 – Z 5, Px 2 – Px 3, S 1 – S 5) in opisthonotal area and 1 – 4 unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 5; with at least 19 pairs of discernible pore-like structures (four pairs of gland pores and 15 pairs of lyrifissures). All dorsal shield setae simple, smooth, medium in length and subequal (except slightly longer Z 5 and S 3 – S 5); setae Z 5 (54 – 61 µm) and S 5 (52 – 58 µm) longest and approximately twice as long as J 5 (29 – 36 µm). Lengths of some other dorsal shield setae: j 1 29 – 32 µm, z 1 12 – 17 µm, J 4 37 – 41 µm, S 4 45 – 55 µm. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 11). Tritosternum with short base (20 – 25 µm) and pilose laciniae (57 – 62 µm). Sternal shield subquadrate, 100 – 110 µm in length and width, widest at level of coxae II – III (149 – 156 µm), with anterior margin convex and posterior margin slightly concave (posterior margin obscure in available specimens); whole surface mostly smooth, with a few short, irregular lines anteriorly and laterally; setae short, with tips not reaching bases of following ones (st 1 32 – 35 µm, st 2 and st 3 35 – 37 µm); lyrifissures iv 1 and iv 2 slit-like. Metasternal setae (st 4 37 – 40 µm) and associated lyrifissures iv 3 on soft integument; endopodal platelets III – IV subtriangular, narrow and free from sternal shield. Epigynal shield tongue-shaped, elongate, 220 – 242 µm long and 114 – 119 µm wide (99 – 104 µm at level of st 5); anterior hyaline margin curved, extending to level between setae st 2 and st 3; posterior portion with lineate ornamentation pattern forming usually eight elongate cells; genital setae (st 5 37 – 40 µm) inserted on mediolateral margins and associated lyrifissures iv 5 on soft integument; adgenital sclerite minute, irregularly shaped, near Zv 1 seta. Metapodal platelets suboval. Anal shield 77 – 82 µm long and 71 – 74 µm wide, subtriangular, with weak curved sculptural lines anteriorly; postanal seta 37 – 40 µm long, slightly thickened and longer than adanal setae (27 – 32 µm); cribrum with narrow band of spicules. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 17 pairs of setae. Poststigmatic section of peritrematal shield narrow, tapered posteriorly and not reaching posterior margin of coxa IV. Gnathosoma (Figs 12 – 14). Epistome (Fig. 12) subtriangular, with central apex rounded or pointed. Corniculi relatively narrow, with slim and pointed apex; internal malae projecting medially, with smooth margins, densely fimbriate laterobasally; labrum blade-like (Fig. 13). Deutosternal furrow with six transverse rows of denticles, of which posterior two or three rows narrower, each with 5 – 12 denticles, and anterior ones wider, each with 15 – 25 denticles. Lengths of hypostomal and palpcoxal setae: h 1 20 – 22 µm, h 2 10 – 12 µm, h 3 37 – 42 µm, pc 20 – 25 µm. Palp setation 2 - 5 - 6 - 14 - 15, as in Fig. 13. Shape and dentition of chelicera as in Fig. 14; lengths of chelicera: the second segment 92 – 94 µm, fixed digit 20 – 25 µm, movable digit 22 – 27 µm. Legs (Figs 15 – 18). Tarsi I – IV each with a pair of claws and pulvillus. Lengths of legs: leg I 433 – 450 µm, leg II 304 – 310 µm, leg III 272 – 285 µm, leg IV 376 – 408 µm. Setae pd on trochanter I, ad 1, pd 1, pd 2, pd 3 on femur I, ad 1, pd 2 on femur II, pd on trochanter III, and ad 1 and ad 2 on femur IV thickened. MALE. Unknown.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9942273D8A128B9E346BA9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Holostaspis collina was originally only briefly described in Hypoaspis (Pneumolaelaps) by Huhta & Karg (2010), so we here amend their original description. Huhta & Karg’s description is based on a holotype specimen found in compost of garbage and garden residues in Finland, and one paratype specimen was reported as an associate of unidentified ant species of Lasius Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). In his catalogue of Mesostigmata of Finland, Huhta (2016) transferred H. (P.) collina to Holostaspis. An examination of the holotype of H. collina by one of us (PM) confirmed the conspecificity of H. collina with the specimens collected in Slovakia. Given that Huhta & Karg (2010) were unaware of H. submontana (Bai, Gu & Chen, 1994, in Bai, Chen & Gu, 1994), and that the characteristics of the holotype of H. collina are within the range of variability found in H. submontana, we suspect H. collina may be a synonym of H. submontana. In addition, Karg (1971, 1979, 1993) has previously illustrated and misinterpreted H. collina as a variant of Holostaspis montana with longer setae.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9A423C3D8A115F98206BEE.taxon	description	(Figs 19 – 32)	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9A423C3D8A115F98206BEE.taxon	description	Myrmonyssus flexuosus. — Berlese, 1904 b: 440; Freire, 2007: 218. Myrmonyssus flexuosa. — Hunter & Hunter, 1963: 337. Laelaspulus flexuosus. — Evans & Till, 1965: 284.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9A423C3D8A115F98206BEE.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Twenty females and four males — SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians Mountains, Horné Orešany Village, Majdan Settlement (48 ° 28 ' 10 " N, 17 ° 22 ' 46 " E), deciduous forest, under bark, in association with Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), altitude 260 m, June 13, 1994, coll. P. Mašán [some of these specimens have been misidentified and previously published under the name Hypoaspis (Holostaspis) isotricha by Mašán (2001)]; six females — SW Slovakia, Považský Inovec Mountains, Hrádok Village, Hrádocká Dolina Valley (48 ° 41 ' 26 " N, 17 ° 56 ' 49 " E), meadow, in wood, associated with Camponotus sp., altitude 290 m, May 28, 1993, coll. P. Mašán; seven females and two males — SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians Mountains, Bratislava Capital, Železná Studienka Forest (48 ° 11 ' 36 " N, 17 ° 05 ' 09 " E), broadleaved deciduous forest, in wood, on ant bodies of Camponotus sp., altitude 255 m, April 22, 1991, coll. P. Mašán.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9A423C3D8A115F98206BEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (female). Dorsal shield subpentagonal, abruptly tapering from level of S 2, densely reticulate except smooth anteromedially, bearing 39 pairs of thickened setae and 4 – 5 unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 4; dorsal setae increasing in length from anterior to posterior, with tips reaching bases of following posterior setae of opisthonotal region; vertical setae (j 1) thickened, 25 – 30 µm long and shorter than other dorsal setae except z 1 (12 – 15 µm). Sternal shield wider than long, mostly smooth except weakly reticulate anteriorly and laterally between st 2 – st 3. Parapodal-exopodal platelets behind coxa IV expanded posteriorly. Epigynal shield relatively short, well distant from anal shield. Anal shield subtriangular, wider than long (L / W = 0.7), with anteromedial margin convex, anterolateral angles slightly projecting, blunt; postanal seta thickened and approximately twice as long as adanals. Peritremes anteriorly reaching level of s 1. Epistome with pointed apex. Fixed digit of chelicera with one tooth, movable digit edentate; Femur I with 14, genu III and IV each with ten and tibia III with nine setae.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9A423C3D8A115F98206BEE.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (N = 5) (Figs 19 – 29) Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 19). Idiosoma 530 – 600 µm long and 375 – 410 µm wide; dorsal shield 440 – 480 µm long and 295 – 325 µm wide, widest at level of S 2, densely reticulate throughout except smooth anteromedially, not completely covering dorsal surface, exposing a broad strip of soft integument laterally and posteriorly; bearing 39 pairs of setae: 22 pairs (j 1 – j 6, z 1 – z 6, s 1 – s 6, r 2 – r 5) in podonotal area and 17 pairs (J 1 – J 5, Z 1 – Z 5, Px 2 – Px 3, S 1 – S 5) in opisthonotal area and 4 – 5 unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 5; with 21 pairs of discernible pore-like structures (five pairs of gland pores and 16 pairs of lyrifissures). Dorsal shield setae relatively long and thick (except z 1), all with smooth margin (Fig. 20), except seta Z 5 with distal pilosity, setae progressively longer from anterior to posterior region of shield; lengths of some setae: j 1 25 – 30 µm, j 5 39 – 43 µm, J 4 48 – 54 µm, J 5 39 – 44 µm, z 1 13 – 17 µm, Z 5 64 – 70 µm, S 4 52 – 58 µm, S 5 53 – 58 µm. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 21). Tritosternum with short columnar base (17 – 25 µm) and pilose laciniae (62 – 70 µm). Sternal shield subrectangular, 95 – 112 µm long and 129 – 138 µm wide, widest at level of coxae II – III (198 – 207 µm), bilobed anteriorly and concave posteriorly, smooth medially and with few, irregular lineation-reticulation in anterior and lateral areas; setae with tips not reaching bases of following ones (st 1 35 – 40 µm, st 2 and st 3 35 – 37 µm); lyrifissures iv 1 and iv 2 slit-like. Metasternal setae (st 4 26 – 30 µm) and associated lyrifissures iv 3 placed on soft integument; endopodal platelets III – IV subtriangular, narrow and usually with anterior part fused to posterolateral margins of sternal shield (rarely free). Epigynal shield tongue-shaped, relatively short and wide, moderately expanded behind coxa IV and bulging laterally at level posterior to st 5, 243 – 250 µm in length and 161 – 174 µm in width, 136 – 141 µm at level of st 5; anterior hyaline margin curved, reaching level of st 1; posterior portion with small incision on each lateral margin and lineate ornamentation pattern forming usually eight elongate cells; genital setae (st 5 35 – 37 µm) placed close to mediolateral margins of the shield and associated lyrifissures iv 5 on soft integument; soft integument between iv 5 and Zv 1 each with 1 – 2 minute adgenital sclerites, right one partially fused to genital shield. Parapodal platelets surrounding coxa IV well expanded posteriorly. Metapodal platelets suboval, rather small, 25 – 27 µm long. Anal shield triangle-shaped, 64 – 68 µm long and 87 – 95 µm wide, with short anterolateral angles obtusely pointed, anterior margin moderately convex, with weak semicircular sculptural lines on anterior portion; postanal seta 45 – 51 µm long, thickened and longer than adanal setae (26 – 33 µm); cribrum with wide band of spicules, reaching level slightly anterior to postanal seta. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 18 pairs of thick setae, each with base inserted on small and rounded sclerite; setae Jv 1 – Jv 3, Zv 1 and Zv 2 shorter and smooth, remaining setae long and sparsely pilose distally. Poststigmatic section of peritrematal shield narrow, relatively long, reaching posterior margin of coxa IV, and tapered posteriorly. Gnathosoma (Figs 22 – 25). Epistome subtriangular, pointed apically, often with some irregularities as in Fig. 22. Corniculi weakly sclerotised, relatively stout, bluntly pointed; internal malae short, with tips reaching slightly beyond corniculi, and finely serrate laterobasally; labrum long, blade-like and with pilose surface (Fig. 23). Deutosternal furrow with almost parallel lateral margins, with six transverse rows of denticles (each with 8 – 12 denticles). Lengths of hypostomal and palpcoxal setae: h 1 25 – 27 µm, h 2 15 – 20 µm, h 3 37 – 42 µm, pc 22 – 27 µm. Palp setation 2 - 5 - 6 - 14 - 15, as in Fig. 24. Shape and dentition of chelicera as in Fig. 25; lengths of cheliceral articles: the second segment 87 – 92 µm, fixed digit 27 – 30 µm and movable digit 25 – 27 µm. Legs (Figs 26 – 29). Legs setation as in other species in the genus, except for the following four segments, each with one additional seta: femur I with 14 setae (2 3 / 2, 2 / 3 2; one additional av), genu III with ten setae (2 2 / 1, 2 / 1 2; one additional pl), genu IV with ten setae (2 2 / 1, 3 / 0 2; one additional pl), and tibia III with nine setae (2 1 / 1, 2 / 1 2; one additional pl). Tarsi I – IV each with a pair of claws and pulvillus. Lengths of legs: leg I 426 – 446 µm, leg II 297 – 309 µm, leg III 322 – 347 µm, leg IV 483 – 497 µm. Setae ad 1 on femur II, al on trochanter III, ad 1 on femur III, ad on trochanter IV and ad 1, ad 2 on femur IV thickened. MALE (N = 3) (Figs 30 – 32) Idiosoma. Dorsal shield 377 – 400 µm long and 240 – 260 µm wide (Fig. 30). Separate presternal shield absent. Sternitogenitoventral shield 280 – 288 µm long, with irregular posterolateral margin, bearing 8 – 9 pairs of setae (st 1 – st 5, Jv 1, Jv 2, Zv 1 and Zv 2; sometimes Zv 2 asymmetrically off the shield) and four pairs of lyrifissures; anteromedial area smooth and without sculpture, anterolateral areas with weak, short and sparse lines, posterior area distinctly reticulate (Fig. 31). Anal shield free, relatively distant from sternitogenitoventral shield. Other idiosomal characters similar to those in female. Gnathosoma. Fixed digit of chelicera with one small tooth close to terminal hook, pilus dentilis not discernible; movable digit not distinct, fully transformed into long, curved spermatodactyl (78 – 82 µm), progressively tapering into a blunt apex; dorsal seta conspicuous, markedly enlarged (Fig. 32). Other gnathosomal structures similar to those in female.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF9A423C3D8A115F98206BEE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The following ecological, geographic and morphological features suggests that the specimens that we examined are conspecific with those described by Michael (1891) as Laelaps flexuosa: (1) host-specific association with ants of the genus Camponotus; (2) distributed in Central Europe; (3) dorsal shield not completely covering dorsal idiosoma (original illustration does not show lateral strips of uncovered soft integument, but old illustrations are usually not accurate in all details); (4) form (subpentagonal) and size of idiosoma; (5) proportion between idiosoma and legs, and between the legs I – IV; (6) position and number of dorsal setae are relatively similar (if dorsal shield setae and those placed dorsally on marginal soft integument are counted together); (7) setae progressively longer from anterior to posterior region of shield; (8) clunal setae (Z 5) apparently longest; (9) setae J 5 reaching well beyond the posterior margin of the shield; (10) number and position of unpaired setae; (11) movable digit of male chelicera fully transformed into long and curved spermatodactyl; (12) dorsal seta on male chelicera conspicuously enlarged; (13) femur I with five ventral setae (2 3 / 2, 2 / 3 2), tibia III and genu IV with two posterolateral setae (2 1 / 1, 2 / 1 2 and 2 2 / 1, 3 / 0 2, respectively), as additionally described by Evans & Till (1965) (as Laelaspulus flexuosus, pp. 284 – 286), probably based on original specimens of Michael’s mite collection in London. The species was described by Michael (1891) in Laelaps Koch, 1836. It has sometimes been tentatively considered as a member of Myrmonyssus Berlese, 1903 by Berlese (1904 b), Hunter & Hunter (1963), and Freire (2007), or Myrmozercon Berlese, 1902 by Shaw & Seeman (2009), Joharchi & Moradi (2013), Moreira (2014), and Joharchi et al. (2015). Evans & Till (1965) treated Laelaps flexuosa in the genus Laelaspulus, a taxon originally established as a subgenus of Myrmonyssus by Berlese (1904 b). At present, both Myrmonyssus and Laelaspulus are considered to be synonymous with the older name Myrmozercon (Rosario & Hunter, 1988; Shaw & Seeman, 2009). Recently, Shaw & Seeman (2009) placed L. flexuosa in Myrmozercon, based only on the brief initial description of Michael (1891), with several illustrations of the female dorsal idiosoma with legs, gnathosoma and male chelicera, and also on the leg chaetotaxy subsequently given by Evans & Till (1965). We have placed L. flexuosa in Holostaspis, primarily because of the following combination of features: (1) claws on legs I – IV well developed, large; (2) dorsal shield setation holotrichous, with 39 pairs of setae, including two pairs of Px setae; (3) peritremes longer, anteriorly reaching beyond middle of coxa II; (4) deutosternal grove with six transverse rows of denticles; (5) palp trochanter with two ventral setae, including v 2; (6) female cheliceral digits similar in size, with fixed digit only slightly shorter than movable digit. The systematic position of this species in Holostaspis makes the definition of the genus more difficult in some respects, and is probably is only provisional until related genera are more fully revised. Holostaspis flexuosa could be excluded from Holostaspis because some of its character states differ from those of other Holostaspis species: (1) five ventral setae on femur I (only four setae in congeners); (2) two posterolateral setae on genua III – IV and tibia III (only one posterolateral seta in congeners, except H. michaeli); (3) dorsal shield relatively smaller, not completely covering dorsal idiosoma (this is also the case of H. iranica); (4) epigynal shield a bit wider and shorter than usual, distant from anal shield (longitudinally elongate and reaching near the anal shield in congeners); (5) genital setae st 5 inserted farther medially on the the epigynal shield (st 5 inserted on or close to lateral margin of epigynal shield in congeners); (6) in male with a free anal shield (anal plate fused with anterior elements into a holoventral shield in other species with known males, namely H. montana and H. oophila); (7) parapodal platelets moderately expanded behind coxa IV (narrow and crescent-shaped in congeners); (8) poststigmatic sections of peritrematal shields moderately elongate, with their ends reaching slightly beyond posterior margins of coxa IV (short and not reaching the posterior margin of coxa IV in most congeners, but more notably extended and expressed in H. iranica); (9) movable digit of male chelicera fully transformed into spermatodactyl (movable digit well developed, including a terminal hook, masticatory surface with teeth and long spermatodactyl in H. montana); (10) dorsal seta of fixed digit of male chelicera conspicuous (not seen in H. montana). Note that the male of two species have been described, and the chelicera only for two species, therefore differences 6, 9 – 10 have limited significance.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF81423F3D8A10E79C8F6A8E.taxon	description	(Figs 33 – 43)	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF81423F3D8A10E79C8F6A8E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (female). Dorsal shield oval to ovoid, mostly smooth except weakly reticulate on lateral margins, bearing 39 pairs of pilose setae and one or two unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 3; dorsal setae with terminal pilosity, relatively long, slightly increasing in length from anterior to posterior, and with tips reaching bases of following posterior setae in opisthonotal region; vertical setae (j 1) as long as most of podonotal setae; setae z 1 shortest. Sternal shield wider than long, strongly concave posteriorly, smooth throughout. Anal shield subtriangular, anterior margin concave and anterolateral angles pointed; postanal seta thickened and approximately 1.5 times as long as adanals. Peritremes relatively short, with anterior ends not reaching level of s 1. Epistome with anterior margin broadly rounded. Fixed digit of chelicera with bidentate terminal hook associated with short pilus dentilis, movable digit with a small, sharp terminal hook and two subapical denticles.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF81423F3D8A10E79C8F6A8E.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 6) Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 33). Idiosoma 626 – 656 µm long and 403 – 411 µm wide; dorsal shield oval, 601 – 619 µm long and 307 – 342 µm wide, smooth medially, with uneven lineate-reticulate ornamentation on lateral surface; bearing 39 pairs of setae: 22 pairs (j 1 – j 6, z 1 – z 6, s 1 – s 6, r 2 – r 5) in podonotal area and 17 pairs (J 1 – J 5, Z 1 – Z 5, Px 2 – Px 3, S 1 – S 5) in opisthonotal area and two unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 5; with at least 21 pairs of discernible pore-like structures (five pairs of gland pores and 16 pairs of lyrifissures). All dorsal shield setae (except z 1) sparsely and delicately pilose in apical third (Fig. 34), relatively thick and long and progressively elongated posteriorly (opisthonotal setae slightly longer than those on podonotum). Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 35). Tritosternum with columniform base (30 – 35 µm) and sparsely pilose laciniae (56 – 61 µm). Sternal shield subrectangular, 99 – 102 µm long and 119 – 124 µm wide (L / W = 0.83), widest at level of coxae II – III (188 – 198 µm), convex anteriorly (except shallow medial concavity) and widely concave posteriorly; whole surface smooth, without sculptural ornamentation; setae slender, relatively longer, with tips almost reaching bases of following ones (st 1 37 – 45 µm, st 2 37 – 52 µm, and st 3 40 – 52 µm); lyrifissures iv 1 and iv 2 slit-like. Metasternal setae (st 4 42 – 45 µm) and associated lyrifissures iv 3 placed on soft integument; endopodal platelets III – IV subtriangular, narrow and free from posterolateral margins of sternal shield. Epigynal shield tongue-shaped, elongate, 295 – 319 µm long and 166 – 173 µm wide (129 – 144 µm at level of st 5); anterior hyaline margin curved, reaching close to level of sternal setae st 2; posterior portion with rounded margin and lineate ornamentation pattern forming usually nine elongate cells; genital setae (st 5 42 – 49 µm) and associated lyrifissures iv 5 placed on the shield (close to or on its mediolateral margins, respectively); soft integument between iv 5 and Zv 1 each with one minute and narrow adgenital sclerite. Metapodal platelets elongate, 57 – 64 µm long. Anal shield subequal in length and width (69 – 84 µm long and 75 – 80 µm wide), with anterolateral angles sharply pointed and weak sculptural lines on anterior portion; postanal seta 50 – 54 µm long, thickened and longer than adanal setae (27 – 35 µm); cribrum with wide band of spicules. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 17 pairs of setae; setae different in length (37 – 92 µm), each with base inserted in small and rounded scutal structure; setae r 6, R 1, Jv 1 – Jv 3, Zv 1 and Zv 2 shorter and smooth, other longer and sparsely pilose distally. Poststigmatic section of peritrematal shield narrow, tapered posteriorly. Gnathosoma (Figs 36 – 39). Anterior margin of epistome regularly rounded, sparsely with shallow incisions (Fig. 36). Corniculi short and pointed, horn-like; internal malae relatively short, with tips only slightly exceeding the corniculi, abutting each other, projecting medially and finely serrate laterobasally; labrum longer and blade-like (Fig. 37). Deutosternal furrow on ventral subcapitulum with almost parallel lateral margins, with six transverse rows of denticles (each with 6 – 9 denticles). Lengths of hypostomal and palpcoxal setae: h 1 30 – 32 µm, h 2 22 – 25 µm, h 3 37 – 42 µm, pc 32 – 42 µm. Palp setation 2 - 5 - 6 - 14 - 15, as in Fig. 37. Shape and dentition of chelicera as in Figs 38 – 39; lengths of cheliceral articles: the second segment 97 – 104 µm, fixed and movable digit each 17 µm. Legs (Figs 40 – 43). Tarsi I – IV each with a pair of claws and pulvillus. Lengths of legs: leg I 334 – 351 µm, leg II 260 – 280 µm, leg III 265 – 280 µm, leg IV 344 – 389 µm. Seta al on trochanter II, al 2 on femur II, al on femur III, al, pl and av on femur IV, av and pv on genu II and tibia II, and ventral setae on genua III – IV and tibiae III – IV slightly thickened; seta al on trochanter III and ad on trochanter IV, ad 1 on femur II, and ad 1 on femora III – IV thickened. MALE. Unknown.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF81423F3D8A10E79C8F6A8E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Oudemans (1914) considered H. isotricha as a synonym of H. oophila. Later authors disagreed and accepted both as valid species. Unfortunately, the type specimens of H. isotricha are probably lost and not available for study, and the original description of the species by Kolenati (1858) is not detailed enough to allow confident recognition and even genus-level classification. The relatively elongate idiosoma and short dorsal shield setae, as depicted in Kolenati’s original illustrations, are more similar to other Holostaspis species than H. isotricha. Nevertheless, in the interests of stability, we follow Evans & Till (1966) in their concept of this species based on the specimens from Scotland, although they give no reasons as to why they identified their specimens as H. isotricha. There do not appear to be any specimens identified as H. isotricha in the Natural History Museum, London (J. Beccaloni, personal communication). Our specimens were collected from Lúka Village, 100 km southeast of the type locality, Brno, and agree very well with the description and illustrations in Evans & Till (1966).	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF82423A3D8A1607995D6E22.taxon	description	(Figs 44 – 56)	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF82423A3D8A1607995D6E22.taxon	description	Oolaelaps montanus. — Hull, 1918: 69.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF82423A3D8A1607995D6E22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (female). Dorsal shield oval, smooth medially, with weak reticulate ornamentation on margins, bearing 39 pairs of setae and 1 – 3 unpaired accessory setae between J 3 – J 5; dorsal setae mostly short, smooth and similar in length, with tips not reaching bases of following posterior setae on whole surface; vertical setae (j 1) thickened, longer than other dorsal setae (except Z 5, and those in row S); setae Z 5 longest, 2 – 3 times longer than other dorsal setae (Z 5 = 3 x J 5, Z 5 = 2 x S 5), pilose distally. Sternal shield slightly longer than wide, notched posteromedially, mostly smooth. Anal shield pear-shaped, with anterior margin slightly concave and anterolateral angles widely rounded; postanal seta slightly thicker and longer than adanals. Peritremes relatively long, anteriorly reaching level between z 1 – s 1. Epistome subtriangular, pointed apically. Fixed digit of chelicera with two teeth, movable digit edentate. Internal malae well-developed, much longer than corniculi, with the lateral portions fleshy and with coarse, elongate fimbriae; corniculi short, apically blunt (fleshy).	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF82423A3D8A1607995D6E22.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (N = 4) (Figs 44 – 53) Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 44). Idiosoma 463 – 515 µm long and 275 – 330 µm wide; dorsal shield oval, 450 – 510 µm long and 265 – 325 µm wide, smooth medially, with uneven lineate-reticulate ornamentation on marginal surface; bearing 39 pairs of setae: 22 pairs (j 1 – j 6, z 1 – z 6, s 1 – s 6, r 2 – r 5) in podonotal area and 17 pairs (J 1 – J 5, Z 1 – Z 5, Px 2 – Px 3, S 1 – S 5) in opisthonotal area and 1 – 3 unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 5; with at least 20 pairs of discernible pore-like structures (four pairs of gland pores and 16 pairs of lyrifissures). All dorsal shield setae simple, smooth and short, except S 3 – S 5 slightly longer, and Z 5 longest. Lengths of some dorsal shield setae: j 1 23 – 26 µm, J 4 19 – 25 µm, J 5 16 – 21 µm, Z 5 47 – 56 µm, S 4 23 – 30 µm, S 5 24 – 31 µm. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 45). Tritosternum with short columniform base (15 – 20 µm) and pilose laciniae (59 – 65 µm). Sternal shield subrectangular, 110 – 121 µm long and 94 – 97 µm wide, widest at level of coxae II – III (140 – 145 µm), with shallow medial concavity on convex anterior and posterior margins; whole surface smooth, without sculptural ornamentation, except small area between st 1 bearing weak pattern of reticulation; setae short, with tips not reaching bases of following ones (st 1 27 – 32 µm, st 2 and st 3 27 – 30 µm); lyrifissures iv 1 and iv 2 slit-like. Metasternal setae (st 4 22 – 25 µm) and associated lyrifissures iv 3 placed on soft integument; endopodal platelets III – IV subtriangular, narrow and free from posterolateral margins of sternal shield. Epigynal shield tongue-shaped, elongate, 193 – 198 µm long and 101 – 106 µm wide (89 – 93 µm at level of st 5); anterior hyaline margin usually curved, rarely pointed, extending close to level of sternal setae st 2; posterior portion with rounded margin and lineate ornamentation pattern forming usually eight elongate cells; genital setae (st 5 25 – 27 µm) placed on mediolateral margins and associated lyrifissures iv 5 on soft integument; soft integument between iv 5 and Zv 1 each with a pair of minute and narrow adgenital sclerites. Metapodal platelets suboval, 27 – 30 µm long. Anal shield 64 – 68 µm long and 64 – 71 µm wide, pear-shaped, with lineate-reticulate pattern (predominated by semicircular lines) on anterior portion; postanal seta 30 – 32 µm long, negligibly thickened and slightly longer than adanal setae (23 – 27 µm); cribrum with narrow band of spicules. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 17 pairs of setae. Poststigmatic section of peritrematal shield narrow, tapered posteriorly. Gnathosoma (Figs 46 – 49). Epistome (Fig. 46) subtriangular, with anterior margin pointed. Corniculi short and stout, with bilobed apex; internal malae abutting each other, projecting medially, with laterobasal wing-like structures having their inner margins conspicuously fimbriate; labrum blade-like (Fig. 47). Deutosternal furrow on ventral subcapitulum narrowed posteriorly, with six transverse rows of denticles, each with 7 – 13 denticles. Lengths of hypostomal and palpcoxal setae: h 1 17 – 20 µm, h 2 10 – 12 µm, h 3 30 – 37 µm, pc 15 – 17 µm. Palp setation 2 - 5 - 6 - 14 - 15, as in Fig. 48. Shape and dentition of chelicera as in Fig. 49; lengths of cheliceral articles: the second segment 74 – 79 µm, fixed digit 22 – 25 µm, movable digit 19 – 21 µm. Legs (Figs 50 – 53). Tarsi I – IV each with a pair of claws and pulvillus. Lengths of legs: leg I 371 – 401 µm, leg II 272 – 297 µm, leg III 260 – 285 µm, leg IV 354 – 396 µm. Seta al on trochanter II, al on trochanter III, pd 2 on femur II, ad on femur III, and ad 1 and ad 2 on femur IV slightly thickened; seta ad on trochanter IV thickened. MALE (N = 4) (Figs 54 – 56) Idiosoma. Dorsal shield suboval, 345 – 380 µm long and 220 – 250 µm wide (Fig. 54). Presternal shield absent. Holoventral shield present (Fig. 55), 275 – 305 µm long and 105 – 120 µm wide, not connected with posterior ends of peritrematal shields behind coxa IV, bearing 10 pairs of setae (st 1 – st 5, Jv 1 – Jv 3, Zv 1, and Zv 2) in addition to three circum-anal setae, and six pairs of poroid structures; sternal portion with smooth surface, posterior portion with weak and uneven reticulation predominated by transverse lines close to anal portion; sometimes anal portion of the shield indicated by small lateral incisions on its margins. Other idiosomal characters similar to those in female. Gnathosoma. Fixed digit of chelicera short, edentate, without terminal hook, pilus dentilis not discernible; movable digit well developed, usually with 1 – 2 teeth, thin and pointed terminal hook and long and robust spermatodactyl (Fig. 56); spermatodactyl 6 7 – 74 µm long, sinuous, slightly S-shaped and slightly narrowed in apical region; dorsal seta not seen. Other gnathosomal structures similar to those in female.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF82423A3D8A1607995D6E22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Herein, we follow Evans & Till’s (1966) concept of Holostaspis montana. The original description and illustrations of H. montana by Berlese (1904 b) are not detailed enough to allow unambiguous species recognition. The type material will need to be examined. Note that whereas Evans & Till’s concept (and our illustration) shows Z 5 setae twice as long as S 5, the illustration by Berlese (1904 b) present Z 5 and S 5 similar in length, which is more in line with the description of other congeners such as H. collina or H. submontana.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF8642343D8A17BA9E836ED3.taxon	description	(Figs 57 – 66) Uropoda oophila Moniez (nomen nudum). — Wasmann, 1894: 197, 199.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF8642343D8A17BA9E836ED3.taxon	description	Laelaps (Oolaelaps) oophilus. — Berlese, 1904 b: 428.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF8642343D8A17BA9E836ED3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (female). Dorsal shield suboval, more broadly rounded posteriorly and slightly more tapered anteriorly, smooth anteromedially, reticulate in posterior area, bearing 39 pairs of setae and one unpaired accessory seta between J 3 – J 4; dorsal setae mostly short, setae r-series slightly longer than other podonotals, in posterior third of shield setae are also progressively longer, with J 4 – J 5, Z 3 – Z 5 and S 3 – S 5 setae 3 – 5 times longer than anterior setae, and slightly pilose; vertical setae (j 1) longer than most other, podonotal setae, but shorter than most opisthonotal setae; setae z 1 slightly shorter than most other podonotal setae. Sternal shield slightly wider than long, smooth. Anal shield subtriangular, elongate, with anterior margin concave and anterolateral angles pointed; postanal seta thickened and approximately 1.3 – 1.5 times longer than adanals. Peritremes anteriorly reaching level of s 1. Epistome with anterior margin rounded. Fixed digit of chelicera with two teeth, movable digit with a small rounded subdistal bulge.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
03CC87BCFF8642343D8A17BA9E836ED3.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 4) Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 57). Idiosoma 596 – 606 µm long and 403 – 416 µm wide; dorsal shield 572 – 587 µm long and 307 – 309 µm wide, reticulate on marginal and posterior surface (anteromedial region smooth); bearing 39 pairs of setae: 22 pairs (j 1 – j 6, z 1 – z 6, s 1 – s 6, r 2 – r 5) in podonotal area and 17 pairs (J 1 – J 5, Z 1 – Z 5, Px 2 – Px 3, S 1 – S 5) in opisthonotal area and one unpaired accessory setae between J 1 – J 5; with at least 20 pairs of discernible pore-like structures (four pairs of gland pores and 16 pairs of lyrifissures). Dorsal shield setae apparently heterogeneous in length and thickness: thin and smooth setae on podonotum markedly shorter than thickened, elongate and apically pilose ones on opisthonotum; lengths of some setae: j 1 27 – 30 µm, j 2 – j 6 and z 1 – z 6 17 – 20 µm, s 1 – s 6 and r 2 – r 5 27 – 33 µm, longest posterior setae 87 µm. Ventral idiosoma (Fig. 58). Tritosternum with short columniform base (17 µm) and pilose laciniae (54 µm). Sternal shield subrectangular, 99 – 106 µm long and 104 – 111 µm wide (L / W = 0.95), widest at level of coxae II – III (173 – 177 µm), convex anteriorly (except shallow medial concavity) and concave posteriorly (occasionally posterior margin unsclerotised and not indicated, as in Fig. 59); whole surface smooth, without sculptural ornamentation; setae with tips not reaching bases of following ones (st 1 42 – 45 µm, st 2 37 – 40 µm, and st 3 37 – 42 µm); lyrifissures iv 1 and iv 2 slit-like. Metasternal setae (st 4 32 – 37 µm) and associated lyrifissures iv 3 placed on soft integument; endopodal platelets III – IV subtriangular, narrow, anteriorly free or connected to posterolateral margins of sternal shield. Epigynal shield tongue-shaped, elongate, 272 – 285 µm long and 156 – 163 µm wide (121 – 126 µm at level of st 5); anterior hyaline margin irregularly curved, reaching level between st 1 and st 2; posterior portion with rounded margin and lineate ornamentation pattern forming usually 8 – 9 elongate cells; genital setae (st 5 40 µm) placed on mediolateral margins and associated lyrifissures iv 5 on soft integument; soft integument between iv 5 and Zv 1 each with a pair of minute and narrow adgenital sclerites. Metapodal platelets long and narrow, 50 – 52 µm long. Anal shield elongate, triangle-shaped, 86 – 89 µm long and 62 – 71 µm wide, with anterolateral angles obtusely pointed, anterior margin deeply concave and weak lineate-reticulate ornamentation on anterior portion; postanal seta 40 – 45 µm long, thickened and longer than adanal setae (30 – 32 µm); cribrum with wide band of spicules. Lateral and opisthogastric soft integument with 17 pairs of setae; setae different in length, each with base inserted in small and rounded scutal structure; setae r 6, R 1, and R 2 shorter and smooth, other longer and sparsely pilose distally. Poststigmatic section of peritrematal shield narrow, tapered posteriorly. Gnathosoma (Figs 60 – 62). Epistome subtriangular, with narrower base and rounded anterior margin (Fig. 60). Corniculi weakly sclerotised, short and pointed, horn-like; internal malae short, divergent, finely serrate laterobasally, and with tips not reaching beyond corniculi; labrum long and blade-like (Fig. 61). Deutosternal furrow on ventral subcapitulum with almost parallel lateral margins, with six transverse rows of denticles (each with 8 – 12 denticles). Lengths of hypostomal and palpcoxal setae: h 1 22 – 25 µm, h 2 20 µm, h 3 32 – 35 µm, pc 27 – 30 µm. Palp setation as in Fig. 61. Shape and dentition of chelicera as in Fig. 62; lengths of cheliceral articles: the second segment 63 – 67 µm, fixed digit 15 µm and movable digit 17 – 20 µm. Legs (Figs 63 – 66). Tarsi I – IV each with a pair of claws and pulvillus. Lengths of legs: leg I 361 – 374 µm, leg II 260 – 272 µm, leg III 275 – 282 µm, leg IV 334 – 339 µm. Setae av and pv on genu II, tibia II and tibia IV slightly thickened; seta ad on trochanter IV, ad 1 on femur IV and av on genu IV thickened. MALE. Briefly described and illustrated by Berlese (1904 b). Notes. Vitzthum (1925, 1929) considered that H. oophila was a synonym of H. isotricha, but Bregetova (1977) and subsequent authors treated both as valid species.	en	Babaeian, Esmaeil, Mašán, Peter, Halliday, Bruce (2019): Review of the genus Holostaspis Kolenati, 1858 (Acari: Laelapidae). Zootaxa 4590 (3): 301-341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4590.3.1
