taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CC3348FFD61812FF16FA83FF0EFC20.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Adult male (ZRC 2.6743) collected by Jesse L. Grismer, Chan K. Onn, Perry L. Wood, Jr., and L. Lee Grismer on 5 June 2008 from Panti Putera (02 ° 06.581 N, 102 ° 19.757 E; 39 m asl.), Pulau Besar, Melaka, Peninsular Malaysia. Paratypes. All paratypes (ZRC 2.6744 - 49) were collected at the same locality and on the same date as the holotype between 2030 and 0 200 hrs.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD61812FF16FA83FF0EFC20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrtodactylus batucolus is distinguished from all other Sunda Shelf species by having a maximum SVL of 75.2 mm; moderately sized, conical, keeled, body tubercles; tubercles occurring on occiput, forelimbs, hind limbs, and beyond base of tail; 38 – 42 ventral scales; no transversely enlarged, median, subcaudal scales; proximal subdigital lamellae transversely expanded; 17 – 19 subdigital lamellae on fourth toe; abrupt transition between postfemoral and ventral femoral scales; enlarged femoral and precloacal scales with a continuous series of 43 – 46 pore-bearing scales in males; precloacal groove absent, precloacal depression present; no white reticulum on head; dark blotches on body. These characters are summarized across all Sunda Shelf species in Table 1.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD61812FF16FA83FF0EFC20.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Adult male SVL 73.3 mm; head moderate in length (HL / SVL 0.27), wide (HW / HL 0.68), somewhat flattened (HD / HL 0.64), distinct from neck, triangular in dorsal profile; lores weakly inflated, prefrontal region concave, canthus rostralis smoothly rounded; snout elongate (ES / HL 0.43) rounded in dorsal profile; eye large (ED / HL 0.21); ear opening elliptical, moderate in size (EL / HL 0.11), vertically oriented; eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eye; rostral wider than high, concave, partially divided dorsally, bordered posteriorly by left and right supranasals and medial postrostral (= internasal), bordered laterally by first supralabials; external nares bordered anteriorly by rostral, dorsally by a large, anterior supranasal and small, posterior supranasal, posteriorly by one postnasal, ventrally by first supralabial; 10 (R) 11 (L) square supralabials extending to just beyond dorsal inflection of labial margins tapering in size abruptly below midpoint of eye, first supralabial largest; eight (R, L) infralabials tapering smoothly posteriorly to beyond orbit; scales of rostrum and lores raised, larger than granular scales on top of head and occiput; scales of occiput intermixed with slightly enlarged tubercles; dorsal superciliaries elongate, keeled; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by left and right square postmentals which contact medially for 50 % of their length; one row of slightly enlarged, elongate sublabials extending posteriorly to 6 th infralabial; gular scales small, granular, grading posteriorly into slightly larger, flatter, throat scales which grade into larger, flat, smooth, imbricate, pectoral and ventral scales. Body relatively short (AG / SVL 0.39) with well-defined ventrolateral folds; dorsal scales small, granular, interspersed with moderately sized, conical, semi-regularly arranged, keeled tubercles; tubercles extend from occiput to anterior one-third of tail; tubercles on occiput and nape relatively small, those on body largest; approximately 18 longitudinal rows of tubercles at midbody; 33 paravertebral tubercles on body; 38 flat, imbricate, ventral scales between ventrolateral body folds, ventral scales much larger than dorsal scales; precloacal scales large, seven scales across base of precloacal region; distinct precloacal depression (Fig. 2). Forelimbs moderate in stature, relatively short (FL / SVL 0.15); granular scales of forearm slightly larger than those of body, interspersed with large, keeled tubercles; palmar scales rounded; digits well-developed, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints; subdigital lamellae transversely expanded throughout its length; digits slightly more narrow distal to inflection; claws well-developed, sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scale; hind limbs more robust than forelimbs, moderate in length (TBL / SVL 0.16), covered dorsally by granular scales interspersed with larger, keeled tubercles and covered anteriorly by flat, slightly larger scales; ventral scales of thigh flat, imbricate, larger than dorsals; ventral tibial scales flat, imbricate; two rows of enlarged, flat, imbricate, femoral scales extend from knee to knee through the precloacal region where they are continuous with enlarged, precloacal scales; posterior row of enlarged femoral scales contains 44 contiguous pore-bearing scales extending from knee to knee forming a V bordering the precloacal depression; postfemoral scales immediately posterior to the row of pore-bearing scales nearly one-half their size, forming an abrupt union on posteroventral margin of thigh; plantar scales low, slightly rounded; digits well-developed, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints; subdigital lamellae transversely expanded throughout length of digit; digits more narrow distal to joints; 18 subdigital lamellae on right 4 th toe, 17 on left; claws well-developed, sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scale. Tail robust, original, 100.1 mm in length, 7.4 mm in width at base, tapering to a point; dorsal scales at base of tail granular becoming flatter posteriorly; no median row of transversely enlarged, subcaudal scales; subcaudal scales much larger than dorsal caudal scales; one pair of paravertebral and dorsolateral tubercle rows on either side of midline; distance between paravertebral tubercle rows much greater than distance between paravertebral and adjacent dorsolateral rows; caudal tubercles decrease in size posteriorly, extending approximately one-half length of tail; three enlarged, postcloacal tubercles at base of tail on hemipenial swelling; all postcloacal scales flat, imbricate. Coloration in life (Fig. 3). Dorsal ground color of head, neck, trunk, limbs, and tail brown; dark brown and white blotches on top of head, those on occiput tending to form a line from posterior border of one eye to posterior border of other eye; nine pairs of square, dark brown, paravertebral blotches extend from nape to base of tail; blotches countershaded posteriorly by smaller, cream-colored blotches; smaller, dark brown, countershaded markings on flanks; dark speckling and faint, cream-colored banding on limbs; dark body blotches extend onto tail where light countershading transforms into cream-colored bands not encircling tail. Ventral surfaces of head, body and limbs lightly stippled with gray; subcaudal region darkened with fine mottling; iris green. Variation. The paratypes closely approximate the holotype in all aspects of coloration suggesting sexual dimorphism is absent (Fig. 4). ZRC 2.6748 is generally lighter in overall coloration and along with ZRC 2.6746, has slightly smaller, dark, dorsal blotches. The juveniles (ZRC 2.6745, 2.6747) also approximate the holotype in coloration and thus ontogenetic change in color pattern is apparently absent unlike many other species of Cyrtodactylus (Fig. 3). Females lack precloacal and femoral pores. Meristic differences are shown in Table 2.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD61812FF16FA83FF0EFC20.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cyrtodactylus batucolus is known only from Pulau Besar, Melaka which lies approximately 5 km off the coast of southern Melaka along the southwestern coastline of Peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 1). This species is expected to be found on some of the other seven satellite islands of the Water Islands Archipelago that have similar, suitable, rocky habitat. Natural history. Pulau Besar is the largest and centrally located island in the Water Islands Archipelago, extending approximately 2 km in length but not reaching more than 150 m in elevation. Although the island is composed of granitic bedrock which manifests itself in numerous, large, boulder outcrops, virtually no undisturbed forest remains. The vast majority of the island’s interior is now a golf course and its forested periphery is composed of degraded coastal vegetation. A small, elevated section toward the center of the island supports highly disturbed coastal forest. Nonetheless, the extensive boulder outcroppings provide ample microhabitat for Cyrtodactylus batucolus. All lizards were observed at night between 2030 and 0 200 hrs and the vast majority were found on boulders that had cracks or exfoliations into which they could escape. Occasionally, lizards were found on the sides of large trees, in small rocky areas, at the ocean’s edge, or on the sides of cement buildings. This species is ubiquitous in distribution across the island so long as rocks with cracks and exfoliations are nearby regardless of the condition of the forest. A similar situation was noted for the gekkonid Cnemaspis biocellata in that it also occurs in a variety of disturbed habitats so long as its karst microhabitat is intact (Grismer et al. 2008 a).	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD61812FF16FA83FF0EFC20.taxon	description	Cyrtodactylus batucolus was observed to be highly syntopic with Gecko monarchus. These two species are so similar in coloration, overall body stature and behavior, we often had to look at the toes to determine which species we had in hand (expanded toes in G. monarchus and slender toes in C. batucolus). This would suggest that the microhabitat environment provided by these rock outcroppings is sufficiently rich in resources to allow these species to co-exist in syntopy. Hemidactylus frenatus was only occasionally seen on the rocks where these two geckos were present.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD61812FF16FA83FF0EFC20.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet batucolus comes from the Malaysian word batu meaning rock and the Latin suffix colo meaning to inhabit or to dwell in. Comparisons. As illustrated in Table 1, Cyrtodactylus batucolus is readily differentiated from the vast majority of Sunda Shelf species on the basis of morphology and color pattern. In fact, it differs strikingly from all Sunda Shelf species except C. fumosus from Sumatra and C. pulchellus, C. seibuatensis, and C. thirakhupti of the Malay Peninsula, in having a contiguous series of precloacal and femoral pores set in a row of greatly enlarged femoral and precloacal scales (Fig. 2). It can be separated from C. fumosus by having caudal tubercles as opposed to their absence in C. fumosus; having fewer subdigital lamellae (17 – 19 vs 20 – 22); and by the abrupt contact of the large femoral scales with the much smaller postfemoral scales as opposed to these scales smoothly grading into one another as in C. fumosus. From C. pulchellus, C. batucolus is differentiated by being much smaller (maximun SVL 73.3 mm vs. 115.0 mm); having more ventral scales (38 – 42 vs. 33 – 35); lacking transversely enlarged, median, sucaudal scales as opposed to their presence in C. pulchellus; and having a blotched dorsal pattern as opposed to a banded dorsal pattern as in C. pulchellus. Cyrtodactylus batucolus differs from C. thirakhupti in its smaller maximum SVL (73.3 mm vs. 80.0 mm); having caudal tubercles as opposed to their absence in C. thirakhupti; its lack of transversely enlarged, median, sucaudal scales as opposed to their presence in C. thirakhupti; having fewer subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe (17 – 19 vs. 20 – 21); lacking a light colored, reticulate pattern on the top of the head as opposed to its presence in C. thirakhupti; and having a blotched dorsal pattern as opposed to a banded dorsal pattern as in C. thirakhupti. Cyrtodactylus batucolus is strikingly similar C. seribuatensis (Table 1; Fig. 3), another insular endemic found on small islands off the southeast coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Cyrtodactylus batucolus differs from C. seribuatensis by having seven precloacal scales in the posteriormost row between the opposing, enlarged, femoral scales as opposed to there being 8 – 10 in C. seribuatensis (i. e. the scales are larger in C. batucolus; Fig. 2); having wide, subdigital scales distal to the joint inflections as opposed to these scales being granular; having the paravertebral rows of caudal tubercles being widely separated from one another across the midline of the tail as opposed to being equidistant from each other and the dorsolateral rows of caudal tubercles as in C. seribuatensis; the white markings countershading the dark, dorsal blotches tending to not form transverse bands as they do in C. seribuatensis (Fig. 3); and overall body tuberculation being less pronounced and less conical as opposed to the strongly tuberculate condition in C. seribuatensis. These two species are very dissimilar in life history, C. seribuatensis being restricted to the intertidal zone (Youmans & Grismer 2006) and C. batucolus being ubiquitous.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD61812FF16FA83FF0EFC20.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We believe the close phenetic similarity between Cyrtodactylus batucolus and C. seribuatensis and their major, morphological departure form all other Sunda Shelf species of Cyrtodactylus is due to recency of common ancestry via parallel evolution and not convergence. Both species occur at the same latitude on small, rocky, shallow water, landbridge islands on opposite sides of the Malay Peninsula which were isolated from the peninsular at the same time during the last glacial melt 8 – 12 thousand years ago (Voris 2000). Either the peninsular ancestor of these species went extinct or it has not yet been discovered (see below).	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFDE1815FF16F94EFA63FDDD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Adult female (ZRC 2.6753; field number DB 07 [129]) collected by Daicus Belabut (DB) on 25 November 2007 from Pulau Jarak, Perak, West Malaysia (04 ° 04.001 N, 100 ° 27.160 E; 20 m asl.).	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFDE1815FF16F94EFA63FDDD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrtodactylus jarakensis is distinguished from all other Sunda Shelf species by having a maximum SVL of 67.0 mm; low, rounded, weakly keeled, body tubercles; tubercles occurring on the occiput, forelimbs, hind limbs, and beyond base of tail; 61 ventral scales; subcaudal scales small, nearly granular; proximal subdigital lamellae transversely expanded; 24 subdigital lamellae on fourth toe; smooth transition between postfemoral and ventral femoral scales; no enlarged femoral or precloacal scales or pore-bearing scales; no precloacal groove or depression; no white reticulum on head; large, isolated, dark spots on head and body; distinct black and white caudal bands. These characters are summarized across all Sunda Shelf species in Table 1.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFDE1815FF16F94EFA63FDDD.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Adult female SVL 67.0 mm; head moderate in length (HL / SVL 0.20), wide (HW / HL 0.66), somewhat flattened (HD / HL 0.68), distinct from neck, triangular in dorsal profile; lores weakly inflated, prefrontal region concave, canthus rostralis smoothly rounded; snout elongate (ES / HL 0.41), rounded in dorsal profile; eye large (ED / HL 0.23); ear opening elliptical, moderate in size (EL / HL 0.10), obliquely oriented; eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eye; rostral as wide as high, slightly concave, partially divided dorsally by a series of four granular scales, bordered posteriorly by left and right supranasals, bordered laterally by first supralabials; external nares bordered anteriorly by rostral, dorsally by a large, anterior supranasal and small, posterior supranasal, posteriorly by four (R) and three (L) large postnasals, ventrally by first supralabial; 12 (R, L) square supralabials scales extending to just beyond dorsal inflection of labial margins tapering abruptly below midpoint of eye; second supralabial largest; nine (R) 10 (L) infralabials tapering smoothly posteriorly to beyond orbit; scales of rostrum and lores raised, slightly larger than granular scales on top of head and occiput; scales of occiput intermixed with slightly enlarged tubercles; dorsal superciliaries elongate, smooth; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by left and right rectangular postmentals contacting medially for 50 % of their length; one row of slightly enlarged, elongate sublabials extending posteriorly to 5 th infralabial; gular scales small, granular, grading posteriorly into slightly larger, flatter, throat scales which grade into larger, flat, smooth, imbricate, pectoral and ventral scales. Body relatively long (AG / SVL 0.46) with well-defined ventrolateral folds; dorsal scales small, granular, interspersed with moderately-sized, rounded, semi-regularly arranged, smooth tubercles; tubercles extend from occiput to anterior one-third of tail; tubercles on occiput and nape relatively small, those on body largest; approximately 19 longitudinal rows of tubercles at midbody; 40 paravertebral tubercles on body; 61 flat, imbricate, ventral scales between ventrolateral, body folds, ventral scales much larger than dorsal scales; 11 large, precloacal scales lacking pores arranged in a chevron; 13 small scales across base of precloacal region; no precloacal groove or depression. Forelimbs moderate in stature, relatively short (FL / SVL 0.12); raised scales of forearm slightly larger than those of body, interspersed with, small, smooth tubercles; palmar scales low, rounded; digits well-developed, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints; subdigital lamellae transversely expanded proximal to joint inflections, more granular distally; digits slightly more narrow distal to inflections; claws well-developed, sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scale; hind limbs more robust than forelimbs, moderately short (TBL / SVL 0.12), covered dorsally by granular scales interspersed with larger, smooth tubercles and anteriorly by flat, slightly larger scales; ventral scales of thigh flat, imbricate, slightly larger than dorsals; ventral tibial scales flat, imbricate; no enlarged, femoral scales; postfemoral scales grade imperceptively into ventral, femoral scales; plantar scales low, slightly rounded; digits well-developed, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints; subdigital lamellae transversely expanded proximal to joint inflections, more granular distally; digits more narrow distal to inflections; 24 subdigital lamellae on 4 th toe (R, L); claws well-developed, sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scale. Tail long, thin, original, 90.3 mm in length, 5.1 mm in width at base, tapering to a point; dorsal scales of base of tail granular becoming flatter and larger posteriorly; no median row of transversely enlarged subcaudal scales on tail; subcaudal scales slightly larger than dorsal caudal scales; caudal tubercles restricted to base of tail, not in longitudinal rows; remainder of tail lacks tubercles; one enlarged, postcloacal tubercle at base of tail; all postcloacal scales flat, imbricate. Additional meristics: TW 5.1 mm; FL and TBL 10.4 mm; AG 30.9 mm; HL 18.5 mm; HW 12.3 mm; HD 12.6 mm; ED 4.2 mm; EE 5.3 mm; ES 7.6 mm; EN 5.8 mm; IO 4.5 mm; EL 1.8 mm; and IN 1.9 mm. Coloration in life (Fig. 5). Dorsal ground color of head, neck, trunk, limbs, and anterior one-third of tail straw-yellow; head and body overlain by well-defined, isolated, dark brown blotches edged in yellow; dark, U-shaped blotch contacting posterior margins of eyes, followed by a large, dark brown, parietal blotch flanked laterally by single, larger, square, occipital blotches; large, dark, medial nape blotch followed by eight pairs of dark, paravertebral blotches extending to base of tail; three large, dark, blotches on anterior portion of tail; black and white bands on remainder of tail; brown bands on forelimbs; hind limbs mottled; ventral surfaces of head, body and limbs beige, immaculate; subcaudal region darkly mottled.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFDE1815FF16F94EFA63FDDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cyrtodactylus jarakensis is known only from the small, distant island of Jarak, Perak, approximately 45 km off the west coast of southern Perak (Fig. 1). Natural history. Pulau Jarak is a small, isolated, deep-water islands on the maritime border between Malaysia and Indonesia in the Straits of Melaka. The island consists of a sharp, rocky ridge approximately 1 km in length reaching just over 50 m in elevation. It is densely forested, steep-sided and its shoreline is composed of granite boulders with no beaches. Cyrtodactylus jarakensis are commonly seen at night on both trees and rocks. Lizards are exceptionally fast and difficult to approach and capture. The holotype is a gravid female.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFDE1815FF16F94EFA63FDDD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet jarakensis is in reference to the type locality. Comparisons. The distinctive color pattern (Fig. 5) of Cyrtodactylus jarakensis notably sets it apart from all other Sunda Shelf species to which it is not even remotely similar in this regard. The main problem inherent in any species description based solely on a single specimen is the inability to assess the range of intrapopulational variation that may potentially overlap that of other species, thus precluding the delimitation of discrete species boundaries. This issue is exacerbated further when the only specimen is a female of a new, putatively, sexually dimorphic species (sexual dimorphism being assumed in C. jarakensis based on its occurrence in all other Cyrtodactylus) as is the case here. However, many of the characters used in this analysis do not vary intraspecifically in the other Sunda Shelf species and to hypothesize that this would not be the case in C. jarakensis, would be foundationless. Thus, the absence of caudal tubercles in C. jarakensis separates it from C. batucolus, C. brevipalmatus, C. cavernicolus, C. consobrinus, C. elok, C. ingeri, C. malayanus, C. matsuii, C. oldhami, C. pantiensis (see below), C. pubisulcus, C. pulchellus, C. peguensis, C. quadrivirgatus, C. seribuatensis, and C. yoshii which all bear caudal tubercles. Its lack of transversely enlarged, median, subcaudal scales separates it from C. aurensis, C. baluensis, C. consobrinus, C. ingeri, C. malayanus, C. oldhami, C. peguensis, C. pulchellus, and C. thirakhupti which have transversely enlarged subcaudals. The smooth transition between postfemoral and ventral femoral scales in C. jarakensis distinguishes it from C. baluensis, C. batucolus, C. brevipalmatus, C. marmoratus, C. matsuii, C. oldhami, C. pantiensis (see below), C. pulchellus, C. semenanjungensis, C. seribuatensis, C. sworderi, C. thirakhupti, and C. tiomanensis where this transition is abrupt. Due to the uniqueness of this species we are, at this point in time, unable to provide a viable hypothesis as to which species C. jarakensis may be related and will await the completion of a phylogenetic analysis of Cyrtodactylus (Bauer et al. in prep.). Its description will be notably expanded with the acquisition of males, especially regarding the presence or absence of femoral and precloacal pores and their arrangement.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD9180BFF16FDE4FAD7FD55.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Adult male (ZRC 2.6750) collected by Chan K. Onn, L. Lee Grismer, Perry L. Wood, Jr., and Jesse L. Grismer on 2 June 2008 from Bunker Trail (01 ° 51.759 N, 103 ° 53.186 E; 20 m asl.), Gunung Panti Bird Sanctuary in the Gunung Panti Forest Reserve, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Paratypes. All paratypes (LSUHC 8904, ZRC 2.6751 - 52) were collected at the same locality and on the same date as the holotype between 2030 and 0 100 hrs.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD9180BFF16FDE4FAD7FD55.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrtodactylus pantiensis is distinguished from all other Sunda Shelf species by having a maximum SVL of 77.2 mm; moderately sized, conical, keeled, body tubercles; tubercles occurring on the occiput, forelimbs, hind limbs, and beyond base of tail; 40 – 45 ventral scales; no transversely enlarged, median subcaudal scales; proximal subdigital lamellae transversely expanded; 22 or 23 subdigital lamellae on fourth toe; abrupt transition between postfemoral and ventral femoral scales; no enlarged femoral and precloacal scales; no femoral pores; eight or nine precloacal pores not separated by intervening scales lacking pores; no precloacal groove or depression; paired, dark, semilunar-shaped blotches on upper nape prominently outlined in light yellow; no wide, dark, ventrolateral stripes on flanks confluent with a wide, dark, postorbital stripe; no white reticulum on head; dark blotches on body. These characters are summarized across all Sunda Shelf species in Table 1.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD9180BFF16FDE4FAD7FD55.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Adult male SVL 67.0 mm; head moderate in length (HL / SVL 0.25), wide (HW / HL 0.68), flat (HD / HL 0.41), distinct from neck, triangular in dorsal profile; lores weakly inflated, prefrontal region deeply concave, canthus rostralis smoothly rounded; snout elongate (ES / HL 0.42), rounded in dorsal profile; eye large (ED / HL 0.22); ear opening elliptical, obliquely oriented, moderate in size (EL / HL 0.09); eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eye; rostral square, partially divided dorsally by three granular scales, bordered posteriorly by large left and right supranasals and medial granular postrostral (= internasal), laterally by first supralabials; external nares bordered anteriorly by rostral, dorsally by a large, anterior supranasal and small, posterior supranasal, posteriorly by two, large postnasals and ventrally by first supralabial; 10 (R, L) rectangular supralabials extending to just beyond dorsal inflection of labial margins tapering abruptly below midpoint of eye, first supralabial largest; nine (R, L) infralabials tapering smoothly posteriorly to beyond orbit; scales of rostrum and lores raised, same size as granular scales on top of head and occiput; scales of occiput intermixed with slightly enlarged tubercles; dorsal superciliaries elongate, smooth; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials, posteriorly by left and right square postmentals contacting medially for 40 % of their length; one row of slightly enlarged, elongate sublabials extending posteriorly to 5 th infralabial; gular scales small, granular, grading posteriorly into slightly larger, flatter, throat scales which grade into larger, flat, smooth, imbricate, pectoral and ventral scales. Body relatively short (AG / SVL 0.43) with well-defined ventrolateral folds; dorsal scales small, granular interspersed with moderately sized, conical, semi-regularly arranged, keeled tubercles being most dense on flanks; tubercles extend from occiput to anterior one-third of tail; tubercles on occiput and nape relatively small, those on body largest; approximately 22 longitudinal rows of tubercles at midbody, 36 paravertebral tubercles on body; 45 flat, imbricate, ventral scales between ventrolateral, body folds, ventral scales larger than dorsal scales; precloacal scales not large; no precloacal groove or depression (Fig. 6). Forelimbs moderate in stature, relatively short (FL / SVL 0.14); granular scales of forearm same size as those on body, interspersed with large, keeled tubercles; palmar scales rounded, flat; digits well-developed, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints; subdigital lamellae transversely expanded proximal to joint inflections, more granular distal to inflection; digits slightly more narrow distal to inflections; claws well-developed, sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scale; hind limbs more robust than forelimbs, moderate in length (TBL / SVL 0.16), covered dorsally by granular scales interspersed with large, conical tubercles, covered anteriorly by flat, slightly larger scales; ventral scales of thigh flat, imbricate, larger than dorsals; ventral tibial scales flat, imbricate; no rows of enlarged, flat, imbricate, femoral scales; small postfemoral scales form an abrupt union with large ventral scales of thigh on posteroventral margin of thigh; plantar scales low, flat; digits welldeveloped, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints; subdigital lamellae transversely expanded proximal to inflections, more granular distal to inflections, digits more narrow distal to inflections; 23 subdigital lamellae on right 4 th toe, 21 on left; claws well-developed, sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scale. Tail moderate, 86.0 mm in length, tapering to a point, posterior 25.6 mm regenerated, 7.4 mm in width at base; dorsal scales of base of tail granular becoming flatter posteriorly; no median row of transversely enlarged, subcaudal scales on original portion of tail; subcaudal scales larger than dorsal caudal scales; one pair of paravertebral and dorsolateral tubercle rows on either side of midline; paravertebral tubercle rows not widely separated; caudal tubercles decrease in size posteriorly, extending approximately one-fifth length of tail; one enlarged, postcloacal tubercle at base of tail on hemipenial swelling; all postcloacal scales flat. Coloration in life. Dorsal ground color of head, neck, body, limbs, and tail straw-yellow; thick, dark brown mottling on top of head and rostrum; dark, diffuse postorbital patch; paired, non-symmetrical, semilunar-shaped, dark blotches on upper portion of nape prominently outlined in ground color; eight pairs of rectangular, dark brown, paravertebral to alternating blotches extending from nape to base of tail; blotches not countershaded with lighter color; wide, dark, elongate markings above shoulders; irregularly shaped, dark blotches on flanks; body speckled overall; dark blotching on limbs, obscure banding on hind limbs; dark body blotches extend onto tail to form brown and cream-colored bands anteriorly that do not encircle tail; bands transform to black and white on posterior one-third of tail; ventral surfaces of head, body and limbs lightly stippled in gray; subcaudal region darkened by fine mottling; iris red. Variation. The paratypes closely approximate the holotype in all aspects coloration suggesting sexual dimorphism is absent (Figs. 7, 8). The dark, dorsal, markings of the paratypes are more paired than alternating. LSUHC 8904 has only small tubercles on its forelimbs. Females (ZRC 2.6751 - 52) lack precloacal pores. Meristic differences are shown in Table 3.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD9180BFF16FDE4FAD7FD55.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cyrtodactylus pantiensis is known from Bunker Trail in the Gunung Panti Forest Reserve, Johor and tentatively (see below) from the Sungai Udang Recreational Forest, Melaka (Fig. 1). Natural history. Bunker Trail lies within the boundaries of the Gunung Panti Forest Reserve in central Johor near the base of Gunung Panti (Fig. 1). The habitat is primarily lowland dipterocarp forest but because it lies on the edge of an extensive peat swamp forest associated with the confluence of the Sungai Sedili Besar and Sungai Dohol and their smaller tributaries, the substrate is wet for a significant portion of the year and there are several small streams that drain into the two major rivers. Along one of these streams, Cyrtodactylus pantiensis was quite common but difficult to catch. We observed nine specimens and all but one were perched within root tangles at the edge of the stream (Fig. 9) or on the ground less than 1 m away from root tangles. Lizards would retreat rapidly into the root tangles upon our approach and were difficult to extract. Some lizards would be on root tangles suspended over the water. One specimen jumped off a small branch 2 m above the water, landed just over 2 m from the shore, and ran across the surface of the water to escape into the nearest root tangle. In two nights of searching, no specimens were seen in the nearby forest, only along the water’s edge. We did find several C. semenanjungesis in the nearby forest and even one specimen in a root tangle at the water’s edge. The furthest away from the water’s edge we found C. pantiensis was less than 1 m. From this we conclude C. pantiensis is strictly a riparian species.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
03CC3348FFD9180BFF16FDE4FAD7FD55.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet pantiensis refers to the type locality being within the Gunung Panti Forest Reserve. Comparisons. Cyrtodactylus pantiensis is readily differentiable from all other Sunda Shelf species of Cyrtodactylus on the basis of color pattern and morphology (Table 1). It is most similar to C. quadrivirgatus, a species that is common in southern Peninsular Malaysia (Grismer & Pan 2008; Wood et al. 2008). However it differs from C. quadrivirgatus in lacking greatly enlarged rows of femoral scales in males (Fig. 6); having fewer precloacal pores (eight or nine vs. 0 – 4); having more subdigital lamellae (22 or 23 vs. 19 or 20); having paired, semilunar-shaped, dark blotches edged in ground color on the upper portion of the nape as opposed to the lack of such blotches in C. quadrivirgatus; never having wide, dark, postorbital stripes extending posteriorly past the axillary pockets as opposed to having such stripes in C. quadrivirgatus (Fig. 8); and having dense speckling in the ground color as opposed to a generally immaculate ground color as in C. quadrivirgatus (Fig. 8). One specimen (HC 265) collected on 31 March 2008 by CKO from vegetation in a swampy area of the Sungai Undang Forest Reserve, Melaka, approximately 197 km to the west of Bunker Trail in Johor, is similar to C. patiensis in all aspects of coloration and morphology except for having fewer (19) subdigital lamellae. We tentatively consider this specimen C. pantiensis and await the acquisition of additional material.	en	Grismer, Lee, Onn, Chan Kin, Grismer, Jesse L., Wood, Perry L., Belabut, Daicus (2008): Three new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 1921: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.184717
