taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CD87D99E2B3A2D6DCB2C11FDE451C9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Specimens varying from 2.0 to 7.5 mm in length; upper facets distinctly larger than lower; head hemispherical, males and females holoptic; postcranium with pruinescence; proboscis elongate, somewhat longer than head width (in lateral view), labellum strongly sclerotized, lacking pseudotracheae; postpedicel oval, usually short (long in S. longiflagellatus), with one or more dorsal setae; stylus hair-like, apical or dorsoapical, long, usually more than three times length of postpedicel, apex bare; palpus setose, shorter than proboscis, with developed apical seta; two pairs of ocellar setae; frons flat and oblique; postcranium concave, with distinct postocellar sclerite; thorax pruinose, scutum usually strongly arched; one or more pairs of dc setae and / or developed acr setae on prescutellar disc; wing broad with developed anal lobe and pterostigma often distinct; vein Rs long, arising before level of basal half of cell br; cell cu p almost as long as or slightly longer than bm; tergite 8 of male with large membranous central area reaching posterior margin; male terminalia symmetrical or nearly so, rotated 45 – 90 º to the right; surstylus not articulated.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2B3A2D6DCB2C11FDE451C9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2A3A2A6DCB2A52FC365271.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scape and pedicel yellow, postpedicel brown, paler at base; palpus bearing several long setae except for bare inner surface. Scutum brown, moderately high, rounded; pleura pale brown with anepisternum and dorsal margin of katepisternum brown; scutellum brown, yellow basally; prosternum narrow. Legs pale brown to yellow except dark brown fore and hind tibiae and tarsomeres 3 – 5, hind femur brown medially with base and apex pale brown; femora slightly thickened, fore femur more dilated on basal half; hind tibia slightly swollen apically. Wing pale brown; pterostigma small and narrow, brown.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2A3A2A6DCB2A52FC365271.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 4.7 mm. Wing: 4.0 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant, with pale golden pruinescence. Face brown with gray pruinescence. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, postpedicel brown, paler at base, with short golden setulae; pedicel with long marginal setae, reaching postpedicel at mid-length; postpedicel as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, about 1.8 times longer than wide, with 1 median seta equal in length to postpedicel; stylus about 3.5 times longer than antenna, bare distally. Proboscis pale brown; palpus brown, about 1 / 3 length of proboscis, with short and brown setulae and several long setae except for bare inner surface. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum brown with golden pruinescence, marginal setae moderately long, brown and sparse. Scutum rounded, moderately high, less than height of mesopleuron; brown with golden pruinescence, posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and postalar callus pale brown; setae brown, sparse, longer laterally and on prescutellar disc, 6 series of acrostichal and 1 series of dorsocentral setae; scutellum brown, yellow basally. Pleura mostly pale brown with anepisternum and dorsal margin of katepisternum brown, meron slightly darkened centrally, pruinescence golden. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc and 2 acr, both long and robust, with apices bent ventrally, 2 – 3 slender acr, all on prescutellar disc; 2 long and stout npl; 2 pal, one long and stout and one short and thin; scutellum with subapical pair long and stout, apical pair slender, convergent, about half length of subapical pair, plus 5 lateral setae, second lateral seta stout and about 2 / 3 length of subapical pair, remaining setae thin and about 2 / 3 length of second lateral seta. Legs. Slender, femora slightly thickened, fore femur more dilated on basal half and hind tibia slightly swollen apically. Pale brown to yellow, except dark brown fore and hind tibiae and tarsomeres 3 – 5, hind femur brown medially with base and apex pale brown. Fore tibia with D, PV and P rows of long setae, one preapical D and one D, stouter beyond middle. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 D and 1 PD preapical seta. Mid femur with PV and AV rows of setae, stouter on distal half of femur. Mid tibia with 1 sub-basal AD seta about half length of tibia and 1 preapical AD; 2 AV, one median and one preapical, both equal in length to tarsomere 1; one before middle, slender, one median and one preapical PD setae, two distalmost setae about half length of tibia; 1 median PV and 1 preapical PV equal in length to tarsomere 1. Hind femur with 5 AV, 3 AD on apical half and 1 preapical D, setae long and strong. Hind tibia with 1 median AD, 1 preapical AD, 1 preapical A, 1 apical AV and 1 preapical PD, all long and stout. Hind tarsomere 1 with dorsal rows of elongate setae, 1 preapical AD, elongate and stout, and 4 stouter A. Wing (Fig. 103) gently brownish, costal margin slightly darkened; pterostigma brown, narrow, small, not filling apex of cell r 1; vein M 1 + 2 straight apically. Abdomen about 2.5 times length of thorax; brown with reddish brown pruinescence. Setae brown, numerous, paler on sternites 1 – 5; dorsal setae short, lateral and ventral setae elongate, tergites 3 – 8 with stouter lateral setae. Tergite 8 short, 2.5 times wider than long, two small lobes on sclerotized distal margin (Fig. 6); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with long apical setae (Fig. 7). Terminalia (Figs 3 – 5): elongate; hypandrium long, narrowed on apical third, narrow cleft apically forming two small lobes with 1 short apical seta on each, lateral margins covered with epandrial lamella; epandrial lamella narrow in lateral view, with moderately long setae, shorter at apex of lamella; phallus slender with narrowed apex; postgonite longer than phallus, slender, apex hook-shaped. Female. As in male, but general color slightly darker. Terminalia (Figs 8, 9) slightly elongate; tergite 8 quadrangular; sternite 8 long, narrowed basally, central portion less sclerotized, apical setae short and strong; cercus ovate, short.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2A3A2A6DCB2A52FC365271.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Querari (Pelotão), 1 ° 5 ′ N- 69 ° 51 ′ W / 08. iv- 15. v. 1993, João Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches amazonicus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha [red label]. Specimen in good condition. PARATYPES: 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (MZUSP); 42 ♂, 26 ♀ (INPA), same data as holotype. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 118).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2A3A2A6DCB2A52FC365271.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens have two setae on postpedicel, hind femur entirely pale brown with 2 preapical D setae. It is similar to S. dichrous, S. fuscescens and S. equatoriensis sp. nov. in having the scutum moderately high, long and slender legs with femora slightly swollen and pterostigma elongate. Differs from these species by yellow legs with fore and hind tibiae and tarsomeres 3 – 5 dark brown, hind femur brown with apex and base pale brown, hypandrium narrowed on apical third, narrow cleft apically forming two small lobes, lateral margins covered with epandrial lamella, phallus slender with narrowed apex and postgonite longer than phallus, slender, apex hook-shaped.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2A3A2A6DCB2A52FC365271.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the state of Amazonas, Brazil.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2C3A286DCB2A0AFDA25349.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, dark brown to black. Antenna with rounded postpedicel, small, less than length of scape and pedicel combined; scutum high and pyramidal. Wing hyaline, pterostigma divided into two brown quadrangular spots, located at end of R 1 and at apex of cell r 1; vein R 2 + 3 with apex strongly curved upward forming a right angle with Costa.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2C3A286DCB2A0AFDA25349.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 2.8 mm. Wing: 2.2 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant, without pruinescence. Face dark brown, with gray pruinescence. Antenna dark brown with dense reddish brown setulae; pedicel with long marginal setae, longer than half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel rounded, small, less than length of scape and pedicel combined, with 1 dorsal median seta, equal in length to postpedicel; stylus about four times longer than antenna, bare on distal half. Proboscis pale brown, darker basally; palpus dark brown, small, about 1 / 4 length of proboscis, with short and golden setulae, 1 apical and 1 medial long ventral seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum dark brown to black with moderately long, brown and sparse marginal setae. Scutum higher than height of mesopleuron, pyramidal; dark brown to black with dense and reddish brown pruinescence; yellowish-gray pruinescence forming dorsocentral stripe, one intra-alar spot and covering prescutellar disk and central portion of scutellum; setae brown, short, sparse, longer on prescutellar disc, 4 series of acrostichals and 1 series of dorsocentral setae; scutellum dark brown to black. Pleura dark brown with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and stout dc, 2 – 3 slender acr, about 2 / 3 length of dc, on prescutellar disc; 2 npl, posterior stouter and twice length of anterior; 1 long and stout pal; scutellum with 1 long subapical pair, stout and convergent, crossing at apex, 1 slender apical pair about half-length of subapical pair, convergent, crossing at apex, plus 2 slender lateral setae slightly longer than apical pair. Legs. Slender, fore and mid femora slightly dilated; hind tibia clavate. Coxae, trochanter and femora dark brown; fore and mid tibiae dark brown with dark yellow apices; hind tibia pale brown with large and dark brown ring medially; tarsomeres pale brown except tarsomere 5 brown and hind tarsomere 1 with dark brown ring medially. Fore tibia with AD and PV rows of long setae, 1 preapical PV longer than others. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 basal, long PV seta; setae on surfaces of A, AV and V slightly stouter. Mid tibia with 1 AD before middle; 1 apical PV, equal in length to tarsomere 1 and 1 AV and 1 V apical seta. Hind femur with AV row of long setae, one longer and strong beyond middle. Hind tibia with 1 AD seta before middle and 1 preapical AD; 1 apical A; 1 PD and 1 apical AV. Wing (Fig. 104). Hyaline; pterostigma divided into two brown quadrangular spots, located at end of R 1 and at apex of cell r 1; R 2 + 3 with apex strongly curved upwards to Costa forming right angle. Abdomen. About 2.5 times length of thorax. Dark brown to black with brown and dense pruinescence. Setae dark brown and sparse, short dorsally and long ventrally. Tergite 8 short, 2.5 times wider than long (Fig. 13); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with short setae (Fig. 14). Terminalia (Figs 10 – 12): stout; hypandrium narrowed at apex with truncate distal margin, two distal long and strong setae equal in length to visible portion of phallus, inserted on tubercles and widely separated; epandrial lamella wide in lateral view, with rounded posterodorsal lobe; phallus robust with rounded apex; postgonite wide, as long as phallus. Female. As in male, except fore and mid tibia lighter in color. Terminalia (Figs 15, 16): short; tergite 8 rectangular, sternite 8 slightly longer than tergite 8, gradually narrowed towards base at basal half, with strong and moderately long apical setae; cercus long and robust, 4 / 5 length of tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2C3A286DCB2A0AFDA25349.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Res [erva Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, Igarapé Barro Branco, Armadilha Malaise 3 / 11 - 22. iv. 2004, Henriques, A. Leg / Holótipo, Syneches angulatus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha [red label]. Specimen in good condition. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Amazonas, P [arque] N [acional] do Jaú, Rio Jaú, Carabinani, 27. iv. – 3. v. 1995, Arm [adilha] Malaise, J. A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA), idem, Tambor, 20 – 30. vi. 1995, L. M. P. Henriques, J. A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Rio Unini, Democracia, 01 º 43 ′ 54 ″ S, 61 º 54 ′ 32 ″ W, 20 – 24. vi. 1996, Varredura, A. L. Henriques, J. Vidal & F. L. Oliveira (1 ♀, INPA); Manaus, Res [erva] Km 41, PDBFF, 12 – 13. v. 2004, Sub-bosque, R. Querino (1 ♀, INPA); idem, 23 – 24. vi. 2004 (2 ♀, INPA); idem, 30. iii. 2004 – 1. iv. 2005, Trilha JB-SB (1 ♀, INPA); AM- 010, Km 54, BI- 2, 02 º 45 ′ 33 ″ 59 º 51 ′ 03 ″ W, Suspensa Mata Baixa, 3 – 12. iii. 1998, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Res [erva Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, AM- 010, Km 24, Arm [adilha], 28. xi. – 6. xii. 1996, A. L. Henriques, R. L. M. Ferreira & J. F. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Igarapé Tinga, Armadilha Malaise, 6 – 16. xii. 2004, A. Henriques (1 ♂, INPA); idem, 12 – 22. vii. 2004 (1 ♂, INPA); idem, iii. 2004 (2 ♀, INPA); idem, Armadilha Malaise 3, 5 – 16. viii. 2004 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, 3, 12 – 22. vii. 2004 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, 13 – 23. ix. 2004 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Igarapé Barro Branco, Armadilha Malaise, 11 – 21. x. 2004 (1 ♂, INPA); idem Malaise 3, 13 – 23. ix. 2004 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Armadilha Malaise 2, 13 – 23. ix. 2004 (2 ♀, INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 118).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2C3A286DCB2A0AFDA25349.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is similar to S. annulipes Bezzi, S. bilobatus sp. nov., S. maculosum sp. nov., S. obeliscus, S. pyramidatus and S. vidali in the small size (2 – 3.5 mm), scutum high and pyramidal, dark brown color and slender legs with fore femur slightly dilated on basal half; and is also similar to S. annulipes, S. bilobatus sp. nov., S. maculosum sp. nov. and S. vidali in shape of epandrial lamella, phallus and apex of hypandrium. It differs from these species by the wing with pterostigma divided into two brown spots and vein R 2 + 3 with apex strongly curved upwards forming a right angle with C. In S. vidali and S. maculosum sp. nov., the pterostigma is also divided into two spots, but the spot at the end of the vein R 2 + 3 is large, diffuse, and reaches part of cell r 2 + 3 and R 2 + 3 is gradually curved upwards. The female terminalia contributes to the distinction between these species, especially in the shape of tergite and sternite 8 and sternite 10, which are short, almost square.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2C3A286DCB2A0AFDA25349.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin, angulatus = angular, in reference to the apex of vein R 2 + 3 strongly curved upwards, forming a right angle with C.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2E3A276DCB2B19FED4509F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small (about 2.3 mm length), dark brown to black. Ocellar triangle protuberant. Antenna brown; postpedicel round, very small, smaller than length of scape and pedicel combined; palpus brown, short, about 1 / 4 of proboscis in length, with 1 apical and 1 medial ventral long setae. Scutum high and pyramidal, with brown pruinescence on anterior half, gray pruinescence on posterior half, between dc setae and on scutellum. Prosternum narrow. Legs dark brown to black, except yellow apices and bases of tibiae, fore and mid tarsomeres 1 – 4, hind tarsomeres 2 – 4 and apex of hind tarsomere 1; fore femur and tibia slightly enlarged on basal half. Fore tibia with D and PV rows of slender setae. Mid tibia with 1 sub-basal AD, 1 PV and 1 apical AV seta. Hind femur with 4 stronger and long AV setae. Hind tibia with 1 AD seta before middle; 1 apical PD; 1 short apical AV, yellow and robust, and 1 PD slender preapical. Wing hyaline with pterostigma brown, small and somewhat triangular, located at end of vein R 1; veins R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 with apices slightly curved upwards.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2E3A276DCB2B19FED4509F.taxon	description	Description. Female: As in male, except dark brown abdomen with reddish brown pruinescence; short setae, slightly longer on laterals. Terminalia (Figs 17, 18): elongate; tergite 8 rectangular, 1.4 times longer than wide; sternite 8 1.3 times longer than tergite 8, distinctly narrowed towards base on basal 2 / 3, with short setae, except for long and strong apical setae; cercus long and robust, about 3 / 4 length of tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2E3A276DCB2B19FED4509F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. BRASIL. Roraima, Pacaraima, 25. vi. – 5. vii. 1988, Eq. J. A. Rafael, Flor de Heliconia sp. (3 ♀, INPA); Bonfim, Ig [arapé] Arraia, Varredura, v. 1991, J. A. Rafael, R. A. Rocha, J. Vidal, Comparado com o tipo, Syneches annulipes, Det. R. Ale-Rocha (1 ♂, INPA); Amazonas, Tabatinga, 13 – 17. i. 1992, J. Vidal & Lílian, Varredura, Syneches annulipes, Det. Ale-Rocha, 1999 (1 ♂, INPA); S [anta] Izabel [do] R [io] Negro, Maturacá, 11 – 13. x. 1990, Arm [adilha] Malaise, J. A. Rafael (3 ♀, INPA); Manaus, PDBFF / WWF, Proj [eto]: Bert Klein, ix. 1985, Malaise, Reserva 1112 (1 ♂, INPA); R [eserva] Campina, BR- 174, KM 60, 17. vi. 1993, Varredura, J. Vidal (2 ♂, INPA); C [ampus] Univ [ersitário], vii. 1979, Malaise, J. A. Rafael (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA); Pará, Rio Nhamundá, 01 ° 35 ' 11 '' S 57 ° 37 ' 30 '' W, 17 – 20. v. 2008, R. A. Rocha e equipe, Arm [adilha] Suspensa, septo amarelo (1 ♂, INPA); Mato Grosso, West border, 31. v, R. S. C. Shannon, USNM 2053223 (1 ♂, USNM). Geographical distribution. Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará *, Roraima *, Mato Grosso *) (Fig. 118).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E2E3A276DCB2B19FED4509F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens have wing sub-hyaline with little infuscation at the end of vein R 2 + 3, or with pterostigma almost inconspicuous, probably because they have been in alcohol. This species is similar to small species with pyramidal scutum, S. angulatus sp. nov., S. bilobatus sp. nov., S. maculosum sp. nov., S. obeliscus, S. pyramidatus and S. vidali; however, it can be differentiated from them as follows: small triangular pterostigma in the end of R 1 and vein R 2 + 3 with apex slightly curved upwards; postpedicel rounded and small, smaller than combined length of scape and pedicel; rectangular hypandrium with apex slightly rounded and a couple of medial apical setae as long as visible portion of phallus; phallus elongate with thin apex and small sclerotized lateral protuberances.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E213A256DCB2B66FB2B56B5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ocellar triangle flat. Scutum high and rounded, dark brown. Femora enlarged; legs yellow, except coxae, trochanters, basal 3 / 4 of fore and mid femora and hind femur and tarsomere 5 brown; hind tibia with brown medial ring, hind tarsomere 1 brown with base and apex yellow, hind femur with spine-like AD and AV setae. Wing sub-hyaline, light brown; pterostigma brown, small and rounded, at apex of cell r 1.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E213A256DCB2B66FB2B56B5.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 3.5 mm. Wing: 2.7 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle flat. Face brown with gray pruinescence. Antenna brown with dense reddish brown setulae; pedicel with long brown marginal setae, lower setae larger than postpedicel; postpedicel ovate, 1.3 times longer than wide, small, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, one dorsal and one external medial seta longer than postpedicel; stylus about three times length of antenna, bare on distal 1 / 3. Proboscis light brown; palpus light brown, elongate, 1 / 3 length of proboscis, one apical and one ventral medial long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with elongate, brown and sparse marginal setae. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron, rounded; dark brown with paler dot on posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and postalar callus, prescutellar disc covered with reddish brown dense pruinescence with dorsocentral stripe of yellowish-gray pruinescence; setae short, sparse, larger on prescutellar disc, 6 series of acrostichal setae, 1 series dorsocentral; scutellum dark brown with gray pruinescence. Pleura brown with lower portion of anepimeron and upper portion of meron paler, with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and stout dc and 3 – 4 slender acr, 2 / 3 length of dc, on prescutellar disc; 2 long and stout npl; 1 long and stout pal; scutellum with long setae, 1 stout subapical pair, 1 apical pair about half-length of subapical pair and 3 weak lateral setae similar to apical pair. Legs. Femora and hind tarsomere 1 enlarged, hind tibia enlarged on apical 1 / 3. Legs yellow, except coxae, trochanters, basal 3 / 4 of fore and mid femora and hind femur and tarsomere 5 brown; hind tibia with brown medial ring, hind tarsomere 1 brown with base and apex yellow. Fore tibia with AD and PV rows of long setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 AD and 1 PD preapical long seta; PV row of long and stout setae. Mid tibia with 1 AD seta before middle, about 2 / 3 length of tibia; 1 apical AV seta equal in length to tarsomere 1; 1 long median AV seta, about 3 / 4 length of tibia; 1 apical PV seta, equal in length to tarsomere 1; setae on PV and AV surfaces slightly longer. Mid tarsomere 1 with stout PV, V and AV setae. Hind femur with 3 long and spine-like AD setae on apical half; 5 AV and 2 V preapical spine-like setae and 1 elongated PV seta. Hind tibia with one median and one preapical AD seta; 1 apical PD; 1 AV and 1 A moderately long apical seta and row of long and slender AV setae. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 D preapical and rows of stout A and AV setae. Wing (Fig. 105). Sub-hyaline, light brown; pterostigma brown, small and rounded, at apex of cell r 1; apex of vein R 2 + 3 distinctly curved upward. Abdomen. About three times length of thorax. Dark brown, sub-shiny, with brown-reddish brown pruinescence. Dorsal and ventral setae short and sparse, abundant and long laterally on tergites, a few stout apical setae from tergites 2 – 4. Tergite 8 short, 2.5 times wider than long (Fig. 22); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with apical seta longer and stout. Terminalia (Figs 19 – 21): hypandrium elongate with rounded and wide base, apex with sharp medial lobe and short apical seta; epandrial lamella with moderately long setae; phallus long with rounded apex and long lateral protuberance, well sclerotized; postgonite simple, wide and shorter than phallus. Female. As in male, except hind femur with more slender AV setae and covering setae more sparse. Terminalia (Figs 24, 25): elongate; sternite 8 narrowed towards base, with central portion unsclerotized and bearing short apical setae; cercus robust and long, 2 / 3 length of tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E213A256DCB2B66FB2B56B5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, PDBFF / WWF Proj [eto]: Bert Klein / Reserve 1301 / ii. 1985, Malaise / Holótipo, Syneches applanatus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Condition of holotype: antennae lost. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Amazonas, Manaus, PDBFF / WWF, Proj. Bert Klein, viii. 1985, Malaise, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, x. 1984, Reserve 1112 (3 ♀, 1 ♂, INPA); idem, ix. 1984, Reserve 1112 (1 ♂, INPA); idem, xi. 1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♂, MZUSP; 1 ♀, INPA); iv. 1986, Reserve 1301 (1 ♂, 4 ♀, INPA); ii. 1987, Reserve 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); x. 1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vii. 1986, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, MZUSP; 1 ♀, INPA); xii. 1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vii. 1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); iii. 1986, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vi. 1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); i. 1986, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); BR- 174, ZF — 6, Km 41, 4 – 12. xi. 1991, F. Xavier (1 ♂, INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 118).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E213A256DCB2B66FB2B56B5.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens are paler, possibly because they have been stored in alcohol; the amount of setae on the hind femur varies from two to more. This species is similar to S. repletus in having ocellar triangle flat, enlarged hind femur with spine-like setae, rounded and small pterostigma at the end of cell r 1 and hind femur more slender on females; it can be differentiated from that species by the yellow legs with basal 3 / 4 of fore and mid femora; hind femur and tarsomere 5 brown; hind tibia with brown medial ring; hind tarsomere 1 brown with base and apex yellow; male abdomen without long and curly setae on the last tergites; and aspects of male terminalia. In S. repletus the legs are yellow with distal 1 / 2 of hind tibia and femur brown and abdomen bearing long and curly setae on the last tergites.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E213A256DCB2B66FB2B56B5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin, applanatus = flattened, in reference to the flat ocellar triangle.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E233A236DCB293CFD695419.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, dark brown. Scutum high, pyramidal, dark brown to black, with yellowish-gray pruinescence forming dorsocentral and supra-alar stripes. Femora slightly enlarged, fore femur more robust on basal half; legs dark brown, except bases and apices of fore and mid tibiae and of hind tarsomere 1, fore and mid tarsomeres 1 – 4 and hind tarsomeres 3 – 4 light brown; hind tibia light brown with medial brown ring. Wing hyaline; pterostigma hyaline; vein R 2 + 3 with apex lightly curved upward.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E233A236DCB293CFD695419.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 2.0 mm. Wing: 1.9 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant, with reddish brown pruinescence. Postocellar sclerite shiny, without pruinescence. Face dark brown to black, with gray pruinescence. Antenna brown with reddish brown-grayish setulae; pedicel with brown marginal setae, reaching half of postpedicel; postpedicel round, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, with dorsal medial seta longer than postpedicel; stylus about four times length of antenna, glabrous on distal 1 / 3. Proboscis light brown. Palpus short, about 1 / 4 length of proboscis, brown, with short and reddish brown setulae; one apical, 2 ventral (one medial and one before middle), all long setae. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum dark brown, with short, dark brown and sparse marginal setae. Scutum pyramidal, higher than mesopleuron; dark brown to black with dense reddish brown pruinescence; yellowish-gray pruinescence on prescutellar disc, on central portion of scutellum and forming dorsocentral and supra-alar stripes; dark brown short setae, larger on prescutellar disc; four series of very short and slender acrostichal setae and one dorsocentral series. Pleura dark brown with reddish brown pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and strong dc, 2 – 3 slender acr, 1 / 3 length of dc, on prescutellar disc; 2 long and robust npl; 1 long pal; scutellum with 1 long and robust subapical pair, 1 convergent apical pair, weak, about half-length of subapical pair, 3 lateral setae subequal in length to apical pair (observed on female). Legs. Femora slightly enlarged, fore femur more robust on basal half. Dark brown, except bases and apices of fore and mid tibiae and hind tarsomere 1, fore and mid tarsomeres 1 – 4 and hind tarsomeres 3 – 4 light brown; hind tibia light brown with medial brown ring. Fore tibia with PV row of setae, preapical one larger. Mid-tibia with 1 AD before middle; 1 PV equal in length to tarsomere 1 and 1 apical AV seta. Hind femur with row of AV setae, longer and stronger beyond middle of femur. Hind tibia with 1 AD before middle, equal in length to tarsomere 1; 1 preapical AD and 1 apical PD seta. Wing (Fig. 106). Hyaline; pterostigma inconspicuous; vein R 2 + 3 with apex slightly curved upward. Abdomen. About two times length of thorax. Dark brown to black with reddish brown and dense pruinescence; brown covering setae short on dorsum and longer on sides. Tergite 8 short, about 2.3 times wider than long (Fig. 29); sternite 8 trapezoidal with short setae (Fig. 30). Terminalia (Figs 26 – 28): robust; hypandrium elongate, distal margin with light medial concavity forming two rounded lateral lobes, one pair of apical setae; epandrial lamella wide, apex slightly concave with dorsoapical projection, 3 robust and bent preapical setae; phallus elongate with sharpened apex and two small lateral protuberances; postgonite simple, wide, as long as phallus. Female. As in male. Terminalia (Figs 31, 32): elongate; tergite 8 rectangular; sternite 8 slightly longer than tergite 8 and narrowed from basal half, short apical setae; cercus long and robust, about 3 / 4 length of tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E233A236DCB293CFD695419.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, R [eserva Adolpho] Ducke, 16 – 17. iii. 1993, Varredura-orla da mata, João Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches bilobatus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Specimen in good conditions, except for scutellar setae lost. PARATYPES: BRASIL. AM [azonas], Paranajaú, Rio Papagaio, vi. 2001, Mata Terra-Firme, Arm [adilha]. Malaise, Henriques, Vidal & Silva leg. (1 ♀, INPA); Manaus, PDBFF, 25. iii. 1987, Malaise, Bert Klein (1 ♀, INPA); Res [erva]. KM 41, PDBFF, 26 – 27. v. 2004, Sub-bosque, R. Querino (1 ♂, INPA); 1 – 2. ix. 2004, Trilha RB-SB, R. Querino (1 ♀, INPA); [Rodovia] AM- 010, KM- 54, BI- 2, 02 ° 45 ′ 33 ″ S 59 ° 51 ′ 03 ″ W, 21 – 31. vii. 1997, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); KM 30, 02 ° 51 ′ 47 ″ S 59 ° 55 ′ 51 ″ W, F. L. Oliveira, Arm [adilha]. Malaise, 20 – 27. vii. 1996 (1 ♀, INPA); KM- 26, Res [erva] [Adolpho] Ducke, ix. 2001, J. F. Vidal, Malaise, mata (1 ♀, INPA); 16. ix. 1982, J. A. Rafael, Armadilha de Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Coari, Rio Urucu, prox [imo] [ao] aeroporto, 20 – 22. ii. 1996, Luz Negra, BLB. 6 W, P. Bührnheim & N. O. Aguiar (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 118).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E233A236DCB293CFD695419.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is similar to the other species with pyramidal scutum; however, it can be differentiated from S. angulatus sp. nov., S. annulipes Bezzi, S. maculosum sp. nov. and S. vidali mainly by the hyaline wing with hyaline pterostigma; from S. obeliscus and S. pyramidatus by the wide apex of cell r 1, and apex of epandrial lamella slightly concave, forming a dorsoapical projection, and hypandrium with a small medial concavity forming two lobes with rounded apex.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E233A236DCB293CFD695419.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin, bilobatus = two lobules, in reference to the apical margin of the hypandrium with a light medial concavity forming two lobes.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E253A216DCB2CE8FDD05692.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large, pale brown to yellow. Antenna dark brown, postpedicel ovate; proboscis light brown; palpus light brown with two long ventral setae. Scutum rounded, light brown to yellow; pleura yellow to dark yellow; prosternun wide. Abdomen brown to dark brown, lighter towards base. Legs light brown except fore and hind tibiae and tarsomere 5 brown, hind tarsomere 1 – 4 dark yellow; fore and mid femora somewhat enlarged and hind femur strongly enlarged; hind tibia swollen apically. Wing hyaline; pterostigma elongate, brown basally and fading distally, becoming almost hyaline towards apex. Re-description. Lectotype ♂ (present designation). Body: 7.0 mm. Wing: 6.2 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant, with gray pruinescence. Face dark brown, with dense gray pruinescence. Antenna dark brown with short brown setulae; pedicel with brown marginal setae, elongate, reaching half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel small, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, 1.8 times longer than wide, with dorsal medial seta, equal in length to postpedicel; stylus about four times length of antenna, with short setulae, bare on distal 1 / 5. Postcranium with postocular setae short and straight on upper portion and larger and proclinate on lower 2 / 3; postgenal setae yellow. Proboscis light brown; palpus light brown with short brown setulae, elongate, 1 / 3 of proboscis length, with 2 long ventral setae, one apical and another sub-basal seta short, on dorsal and external surfaces. Thorax. Prosternum large. Pronotum with short, slender and golden marginal setae. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron and rounded on dorsum; light brown to yellow with dense and whitish golden pruinescence; setae brown, short, sparse, longer on prescutellar disc; 8 acrostichal series and 1 dorsocentral. Pleura yellow. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc long and robust on prescutellar disc; 2 npl long and strong, widely separated; 2 pal, anterior short and weak, posterior long and robust; scutellum with 1 long, robust and parallel subapical pair, 1 weak apical pair about 1 / 3 length of subapical pair, convergent, crossing at apex, and four weak lateral setae as long as apical pair. Legs. Robust, long, light brown except fore and hind tibiae and tarsomere 5 brown, hind tarsomere 1 – 4 dark yellow; covering light brown setae. Fore and mid femora somewhat enlarged and hind femur strongly enlarged; hind tibia swollen apically. Fore tibia with AD and PV rows of long setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 AD and 1 PD preapical seta and row of long setae on posterior surface. Mid femur with row of AV and PV setae longer on basal half. Mid tibia with 1 sub-basal AD seta equal in length to tarsomere 1; 1 preapical AD; 3 PD setae, one preapical, one median and one sub-basal; PV row of long setae, apical seta stronger; row of AV setae on apical 2 / 3; P, PV and V apical setae slightly more robust and longer. Mid tarsomere 1 with PD and AD preapical setae and P row of strong setae. Hind femur with AV row of spine-like setae inserted in small tubercles; small and spine-like V setae more robust on apical 1 / 3 and inserted in large tubercles; 4 AD setae; 2 D setae, one preapical and one beyond middle; 3 PV setae on apical 1 / 3. Hind tibia with 2 D setae, one median and one prepical; 1 apical A and 1 apical AV. Hind tarsomere 1 with D row of long setae and AV row of robust setae. Wing (Fig. 107). Hyaline; pterostigma elongate, brown basally and fading distally, becoming almost hyaline towards apex; veins light brown. Abdomen. About 2.5 times length of thorax. Brown with tergite 1 and lateral of tergites 2, 3 and 4 light brown; pruinescence golden. Dorsal covering setae short, golden to brown; sternites and lateral setae of tergites long, yellow and abundant, gradually shorter towards apex of abdomen; some longer and stronger setae at apex of lateral margin of tergites 2, 3 and 4. Tergite 8 short, 1.6 times wider than long, with several long and strong setae (Fig. 36); sternite 8 trapezoidal with some elongate setae (Fig. 37). Terminalia (Figs 33 – 35): long and robust; hypandrium three times longer than wide, apex deeply cleft medially forming two long and slender lobes with several apical setae; epandrial lamella large in lateral view, with short distal setae; phallus robust with triangular apex, sclerotized and long lateral protuberance and crenate preapical lateral margin; postgonite wide, longer than the phallus. Female. Similar to male, except as follow: buccal pieces brown and fore and hind tibiae darker than in male. Terminalia (Figs 38, 39): tergite and sternite 8 long and narrow, two to three times longer than wide with strong apical medium sized setae; cercus slender and long, as long as tergite 10, with short setae.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E253A216DCB2CE8FDD05692.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Damalis curvipes: two specimens with a small red label of “ typus ” were examined; the male specimen is herein designated as LECTOTYPE (BMNH): Damalis curvipes, Am [erica] Mer [idional], Schmidt [White label]; Typus [red label]. PARALECTOTYPE (BMNH) (sex not determined, specimen lacking apex of abdomen), same data as lectotype. Lectotype condition: femur, tibia and mid and hind tarsus lost. A lectotype is designated in order to fix the identity of the species. Damalis quadricinctus: HOLOTYPE ♀ (BMNH): Damalis 4 cinctus (sic), Am [erica] Mer [idional], Schmidt " [White label]; Typus [red label]. Condition of type: right antenna lost; abdomen dissected, terminalia lost. Additional material examined. BRASIL. Amazonas, Querari (Pelotão), 1 ° 5 ′ N- 69 ° 51 ′ W, 6. iv. – 16. v. 1993, J. Vidal (3 ♀, INPA); idem, Serrado, 5. iv. – 21. v. 1995 (1 ♂, INPA); Tefé, 15. vii. 1991, Rafael e Vidal, Varredura (1 ♀, INPA); Rio Nhamundá, Ig [arapé] Areias 01 ° 35 ′ 11 ″ S 57 ° 37 ′ 32 ″ W, 25 m, 17 – 20. v. 2008, J. A. Rafael e equipe, Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Manaus, PDBFF / WWF, Proj [eto], Bert Klein, iii. 1985, Malaise, Reserva 1112 (1 ♂, INPA); Reserva F [lorestal] AdolphoDucke, 19. vi. 1970, T. Pimentel col. (1 ♀, MPEG); idem, 16 – 17. iii. 1993, Varreduraorla mata, J. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA); idem, 7. xi. 2001, Pennsylvania, BLB, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Platô trilha Norte / Sul, 16 – 30. x. 2006, Arm [adilha] Suspensa, [septo] amarelo, Dossel, Freitas, G. & Freitas Silva, R. A. cols. (1 ♀, INPA); Platô Trilha leste / oeste, 14. ii. – 6. iii. 2007, Arm [adilha] Malaise com atrativo da cor amarela, Feitosa, M. & Freitas, G. cols. (1 ♀, INPA); AM- 010, KM 54, BI- 2, 02 º 45 ′ 33 ″ S 59 º 51 ′ 03 ″ W, Suspensa clareira baixa, 3 – 12. iii. 1998, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); 1 km W Tarumã Falls, 2. iii. 1981, 100 m, C. Young (1 ♀, MPEG); Pará, S [ão] M [iguel] do Guamá, 20. ii. 1987, P. Tadeu (1 ♀, MPEG); Peixe-boi, 14. iv. 1977, M. F. Torres (1 ♀, MPEG); Belterra, Flona Tapajós, 100 m, 02 º 36 ′ 15 ″ S 54 º 56 ′ 35 ″ W, 15 – 16. iv. 2008, arm [adilha] luz, J. A. Rafael, F. F. Xavier Filho (1 ♀, INPA). GUYANA. Bartica [District], Feb [ruary], S [outh] Am [erica], A. L. Melander Collection, 1961 (1 ♂, 3 ♀, USNM); Kartabo, Bartica District British Guiana, 19. iii. 1922, C. H. Curran Collection Acc. 31144 (1 ♂, INPA); Mazaruni-Potaro district, Takutu Mountains, 6 ° 15 ′ N 59 ° 5 ′ W, 6. xii. 1983, Malaise trap near stream in montane rainforest, W. E. Steiner & P. J. Spangler colls. (1 ♀, USNM). Geographical distribution. Brazil * (Amazonas, Pará), Guyana (Fig. 119). Observations. The description of the setae of the palpus, scutellum and legs was completed after analyzing others specimens that had been compared with the type.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E253A216DCB2CE8FDD05692.taxon	discussion	Comments. The examination of several specimens revealed that the coloration of this species varies as follows: general coloration darker with brown scutum, a dark brown acrostichal stripe and a dorsocentral stripe of whitish golden pruinescence; dark yellow pleura with reddish anepisternum; abdomen dark brown; fore tibia and hind tarsomeres darker, hind femur darkened basally; wing darker and veins brown. In some specimens the postpedicel presented more than one dorsal seta; 2 dc setae slightly larger than the others on prescutellar disc; scutellun with 2 apical pairs, 9 – 12 lateral setae of different sizes and some more slender. This species is similar to S. walkeri in the wide prosternum, large size and hind femur strongly enlarged, but differs from the latter by the pterostigma elongated, brown at base and fading distally, becoming almost hyaline towards the apex, and by the features of the male terminalia. Examination of the holotype of S. quadricinctus revealed that it is a female specimen of S. curvipes. As commented above, S. curvipes has very variable color, from dark yellow to brown, and S. quadricinctus fits with these variants. Although the terminalia of the holotype of S. quadricinctus is lost, the similarity between the general characters of the body associated with the female of S. curvipes supports the decision to synonymize both species.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E273A216DCB2962FCFE538D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium size (about 4.0 mm length). Ocellar triangle protuberant; proboscis yellow; antenna with scape and pedicel brown and postpedicel yellow; palpus brown, with long apical setae. Scutum rounded, moderately high, less than height of mesopleuron; yellow with bow-shaped dark brown band anteriorly; pleura yellow; prosternum narrow. Abdomen dark brown, with yellow and long lateral setae. Legs yellow except tibia and fore tarsus, mid tarsomeres 3 and 4, distal 2 / 3 of hind femur, hind tibia and hind distal tarsomeres brown; mid tibia with very long setae. Wing hyaline, with large brown infuscation on distal third, extending to upper half of cell m 1; pterostigma elongate and brown.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E273A216DCB2962FCFE538D.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. BOLIVIA. Depto. La Paz, 1 km E. Guanay, 580 m, 15 ° 30.2 ′ S- 69 ° 52.3 ′ W, 14. iii. 2001, S. D. Gaimari, Restrictions Apply NMNH-Bolivia CBF, Agreement 38 (1 ♂, USNM). Geographical distribution. Bolivia (La Paz) (Fig. 119).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E273A216DCB2962FCFE538D.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is similar to S. fuscescens, S. amazonicus sp. nov. and S. equatoriensis sp. nov. in having a reasonably high scutum, about half height of mesopleuron, slender legs with femora slightly enlarged and elongate pterostigma, but it can be easily distinguished from the cited species by the scutum with a dark bow on anterior portion and by characters of the male terminalia.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E273A3F6DCB2A54FB165694.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna brown; palpus brown, about half-length of proboscis and eight long setae. Scutum low, lower than mesopleuron, dark brown to black, with coarse reddish brown pruinescence; pleura light brown except anepisternum, anterior portion of katepisternum, laterotergite and subscutellum, brown. Legs long with enlarged femora; coxae, trochanters, fore femur, midleg (except tarsomeres 3 – 5) and base of hind femur light brown, the remaining dark brown; hind femur with about 6 long and spine-like AV setae. Wing sub-hyaline, brownish with light brown infuscation at costal region up to the apex, pterostigma elongate and brown; apex of vein R 2 + 3 almost straight.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E273A3F6DCB2A54FB165694.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 5.5 mm. Wing: 5.0 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant with rough golden pruinescence. Face dark brown with dense gray pruinescence. Antenna brown with dense golden pruinescence; pedicel rounded with brown marginal setae, longer than half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel small, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, 1.6 times longer than wide, with 1 sub-basal dorsal seta, longer than length of postpedicel; stylus 3.5 times length of antenna, bare on distal 1 / 5. Postcranium with postocular setae proclinated. Proboscis brown; palpus brown, about half-length of proboscis, with short brown setulae, 2 long setae on outer surface, one apical and one median, 4 ventral on basal half, 1 preapical and 1 median dorsally. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum dark brown, with brown, elongate and sparse marginal setae. Scutum low, lower than mesopleuron, dark brown to black, with coarse reddish brown pruinescence, lighter on posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and on postalar callus; setae brown, sparse, medium size, longer on prescutellar disc; 1 dorsocentral and 6 acrostichal series. Pleura light brown except for anepisternum, anterior portion of katepisternum, laterotergite and subscutellum brown, with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc long and robust, 3 – 4 acr 2 / 3 length of dc setae and slender on prescutellar disc; 2 npl long and robust; 2 pal, one long and robust and other short and weak; scutellum with long setae, 1 long and robust subapical pair, 1 slender apical pair about 2 / 3 length of subapical pair and 3 – 4 lateral setae subequal in length to apical pair. Legs. Long, with enlarged femora, fore femur more swollen at basal half. Coxae, trochanters, fore femur, midleg (except tarsomeres 3 – 5) and base of hind femur light brown, remaining dark brown. Fore femur with PV row of setae, longer on basal half. Fore tibia with D and PV rows of elongate setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 apical AD and 1 apical PD seta. Mid femur with PV and AV rows of setae, longer and strong on basal half. Mid tibia with 1 AD seta before middle and 1 apical AV 3 / 4 length of tarsomere 1; 1 median AV, 1 apical PV and 1 median PV as long as tarsomere 1; 1 median PD, 1 preapical PD and 1 long preapical AD; 1 preapical P and 1 apical A, both setae short and robust. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 AD and 1 PD preapical seta. Hind femur with 3 AD setae on distal half; 6 long and spine-like AV setae inserted into small tubercles; several short to moderately long AV and V setae inserted into small tubercles forming brush throughout length of hind femur. Hind tibia with 1 AD before middle, 1 preapical AD, 1 AV and 1 V apical seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 slender D apical and anterior row of short spine-like setae. Wing (Fig. 108). Sub-hyaline, brownish, with light brown infuscation on costal region up to apex, not extending beyond cell R 2 + 3; pterostigma brown, elongate, 3.5 times longer than wide; vein R 2 + 3 with apex almost straight. Abdomen. Long and slender, about three times length of thorax. Dark brown to black, with reddish brown pruinescence. Dorsal setae sparse and short, lateral setae long with tips curved downwards, latero-apical setae more robust and long on tergites 2, 3 and 4. Tergite 8 short, two times wider than long (Fig. 43); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with long apical setae (Fig. 44). Terminalia (Figs 40 – 42): robust; hypandrium two times longer than wide, slightly narrowed towards base, distal margin triangular; epandrial lamella wide, with long setae; phallus robust with rounded apex and sclerotized lateral protuberance; postgonite slender and shorter than phallus. Female. As in male. Terminalia (Figs 45, 46): elongate; sternite 8 two times longer than wide, narrowed at basal 1 / 3, central portion at basal 2 / 3 unsclerotized, long and strong apical setae; cercus long and slender, as long as tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E273A3F6DCB2A54FB165694.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (BMNH): ECUADOR, Morona-Santiago, Sierra de Cutucu, E of Macas, 1000 m / 16. x. 1978, M. Cooper, BM 1995 E- 90 / Holótipo, Syneches equatoriensis, Menezes & Ale-Rocha [red label]. Holotype condition: good, terminalia dissected and stored in microtube with glycerin, left wing mounted between microslides and right leg glued on triangle of paper. PARATYPES: ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago, Sierra de Cutucu, E of Macas, 1000 m, 26. viii. 1978, M. Cooper, BM 1995 E- 90 (1 ♀, BMNH). Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Macas) (Fig. 119).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E273A3F6DCB2A54FB165694.taxon	discussion	Comments. Species similar to S. dichrous (see Comments under latter species).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E273A3F6DCB2A54FB165694.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the country, Ecuador, where the specimens were collected.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E393A3D6DCB295FFA74541A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna brown; postpedicel with 1 long dorsal medial seta, longer than postpedicel; palpus brown, half of proboscis length, with 2 long setae. Scutum high and rounded, dark brown; pleura dark brown except for posterior half of anepimeron, posterior margin of katepisternum, anterior margin of meron and metapleuron light brown; scutellum with four pairs of lateral setae, apical pair absent. Legs long and slender; light brown except basal half of fore tibia, fore and mid tarsomeres 3 – 5, hind femur, hind tibia and tarsomeres brown; mid tibia with 3 long AD setae. Wing sub-hyaline, darkened at costal region up to the apex; apex of R 2 + 3 almost straight; pterostigma brown, elongate.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E393A3D6DCB295FFA74541A.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 4.0 mm. Wing: 3.6 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant with golden pruinescence. Face brown with reddish brown pruinescence. Antenna brown with short reddish brown setulae; pedicel rounded, brown marginal setae long, equal in length or longer than postpedicel; postpedicel small, as long as combined length of scape and pedicel, ovate-elongate, 1.3 times longer than wide, with 1 long dorsal medial brown seta, longer than antenna; stylus about 3.5 times length of antenna, with short setulae, bare at 1 / 4 distal. Postcranium with reddish brown pruinescence. Proboscis light brown with darker base; palpus brown, half of proboscis length, setulae reddish brown, 1 apical and 1 long ventral medial seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum dark brown, with golden pruinescence and brown elongate marginal setae. Scutum high and rounded, dark brown, with rough reddish brown pruinescence, posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and postalar callus light brown; setae sparse, brown and long, longer on prescutellar disc; 4 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series; scutellum dark brown, lighter basally, with reddish brown pruinescence. Pleura dark brown except for posterior half of anepimeron, posterior margin of katepisternum, anterior margin of meron and metapleuron light brown, with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc and 1 acr, long and robust, with apices bent ventrally, on prescutellar disc; 2 long and robust npl, widely separated, posterior seta longer; 3 pal, posterior longer and stronger; scutellum with 1 long, robust subapical pair and 3 weak lateral setae about 1 / 3 length of subapical pair; apical pair absent. Legs. Long and slender. Coxae, trochanters, fore femur, mid femur and tibia, apical half of fore tibia, fore and mid tarsomeres 1 – 2 light brown; basal half of fore tibia slightly darker; hind femur, tibia and tarsomeres, and fore and mid tarsomeres 3 – 5 brown. Fore tibia with D row of long setae, preapical seta stronger; 4 long PV, one sub-basal, equal in length to tarsomere 1, one median and 2 preapical setae, apical most seta shorter. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 PD and 1 preapical D; PV row of setae larger on basal half; row of more stout setae ventrally. Mid femur with AV and PV rows of longer and stronger setae at basal half. Mid tibia with 1 PD before middle and 1 PD preapical seta; one sub-basal, one before middle equal in length to tibia and one preapical long and strong AD seta; PV surface with one median almost reaching apex of tibia, one preapical and one apical larger than half-length of tarsomere 1; AV surface with one median seta equal in length to tibia, one preapical and one apical very long seta; 1 V short and robust apical seta. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 D preapical seta. Hind femur with 4 AD and 4 PD slightly long and strong setae on distal half; 1 AV median and 1 AV preapical. Hind tibia with 4 D setae; 1 A apical; 1 PD preapical; V surface with 1 median, 1 preapical and 1 apical seta; 1 apical AV. Hind tarsomere 1 with 5 A spine-like and 5 D long setae. Wing (Fig. 109). Sub-hyaline with tenuous light brown infuscation at costal region up to apex; apex of R 2 + 3 almost straight; pterostigma brown, narrow and elongate, five times longer than wide. Abdomen. About 3.5 times length of thorax. Dark brown with rough and reddish brown pruinescence. Setae brown, long, slightly stronger on laterodistal margin of tergites. Tergite 8 short, 3.5 times wider than long (Fig. 50); sternite 8 trapezoidal, narrowed basally (Fig. 51). Terminalia (Figs 47 – 49): elongate; hypandrium long, two times longer than wide, slightly narrowed distally with rounded apex and pair of moderately long setae reaching over apex of phallus; epandrium long, epandrial lamella wide basally and slender on distal 1 / 3 in lateral view, with long setae; phallus short with two lateral tubercles, one long apical and one shorter preapical, both strongly sclerotized; postgonite simple, wide, as long as phallus. Female. Similar to male except as follow: Terminalia (Figs 52, 53): elongate, sternite 8 narrowed towards base (cercus damaged).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E393A3D6DCB295FFA74541A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (USNM): VENEZUELA, T. P. A. Basecamp, 0 ° 51 ' N – 66 ° 10 ' W, Cerro da Neblina, 140 m, 20 – 24. iii. 1984, O. Flint & J. Louton / Malaise trap over small stream at east side of basecamp / Holótipo, Syneches exilis, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Condition of holotype: good, terminalia dissected. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Amazonas, S [anta]. Izabel [do] R [io]. Negro, Maturacá, 11 – 16. x. 1990, Arm [adilha]. Malaise, J. A. Rafael (3 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA). Geographical distribution. Venezuela, Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 119).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E393A3D6DCB295FFA74541A.taxon	discussion	Comment. This species is similar to S. longiflagellatus in having a long abdomen and slender legs, but it can be distinguish from it by the narrow prosternum, high scutum and elongate pterostigma (wide prosternum, scutum moderately high and small rectangular pterostigma in S. longiflagellatus).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E393A3D6DCB295FFA74541A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin exilis = slender, thin, slim, in reference to the appearance of the legs and abdomen.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3B3A3C6DCB2CEAFB9454AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large size (about 7.0 mm) with antenna, buccal pieces, thorax, abdomen and legs brown to dark brown. Postpedicel ovate, small, equal to length of scape and pedicel combined. Palpus distinctly bristly. Prosternum narrow. Scutum reasonably high, smaller than the height of mesopleuron; postpronotal lobe and postalar callus yellow; scutellum with yellow margins and five pairs of strong setae intercalated with small setae. Abdomen with long and abundant, yellow lateral setae. Fore femur swollen; mid tibia with AD, PD and P rows of robust setae on apical 2 / 3; hind femur with some few small but distinct AV setae. Wing sub-hyaline, brownish, with light infuscation from costal region to apex; pterostigma long and slender, brown, not filling up the apex of cell r 1; apex of cell r 1 narrow.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3B3A3C6DCB2CEAFB9454AF.taxon	description	Description of male. Similar to female, except as follow: scutum with reddish brown pruinescence anteriorly, yellowish-gray pruinescence forming narrow dorsocentral stripe and covering prescutellar disc and scutellum. Pleura completely brown with pale golden pruinescence. Abdomen about 2.5 times length of thorax. Tergite 8 small, 2.2 times wider than long, posterior margin of sclerotized portion shallowly concave medially forming two small lobes, setae long and strong on sides (Fig. 57); sternite 8 trapezoidal with apical long setae (Fig. 58). Terminalia: elongate; hypandrium elongate, narrowed towards apex, with two sclerotized lobes apically, two rows of moderately long setae on central portion of distal half (Fig. 55); epandrial lamella wide, with long strong setae (Figs 54 – 56); phallus slender, slightly sharpened apically, with small sclerotized lateral protuberance; postgonite broadened basally with slender apical half, shorter than phallus (Fig. 55).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3B3A3C6DCB2CEAFB9454AF.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. BOLIVIA. La Paz; Nor Yungas, btw., Alcoche & Teoponte, 38 km, SW of Guanay, GPS 15 ° 33 ′ 33.9 ″ S 67 ° 44 ′ 04.5 ″ W, 12. iv. 2001, * Restrictions Apply, * USNM — Bolivia CBF, * Agreement 38 (USMN). ECUADOR. Past. Puyo (25 kmN), 10. vii. 1976, Sweeping, J. Cohen (1 ♀, USMN). PERU. Iquitos, iii. 27.23, F 606 v, H. Basster, Ac. 33591, Syneches fuscescens, Det. Ale-Rocha, 1999 (1 ♂, INPA). Geographical distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador * and Peru * (Fig. 119).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3B3A3C6DCB2CEAFB9454AF.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is similar to S. amazonicus sp. nov. in having the scutum reasonably high, elongate legs, femora slightly dilated and pterostigma elongate, but can be differentiated from it by legs brown to dark brown. The male terminalia of Syneches fuscescens resemble that of S. dichrous, but differs from it by small apical split forming two sclerotized lobes on posterior margin of hypandrium and slender phallus with sharpened apex. The association was made by comparing with female specimens compared with the type.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3A3A3C6DCB2F39FF08519A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium size (about 4.0 mm length). Antenna brown, except basal 1 / 4 of postpedicel grayish. Thorax dark brown to black, with yellow dot on postpronotal lobe and postalar callus; pleura brown to dark brown; scutum high and rounded; prosternum narrow. Abdomen slender and dark brown. Legs elongate and slender; fore leg with coxa, trochanter and femur dark yellow, tibia and tarsus brown; mid leg dark yellow, except tarsomeres 3 – 5 light brown; hind leg with coxa, trochanter and femur yellow, tibia and tarsus brown; hind tibia clavate and hind tarsomere 1 enlarged. Wing sub-hyaline with elongate brown pterostigma filling up apex of cell r 1.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3A3A3C6DCB2F39FF08519A.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, [Novo Airão], P [arque] N [acional do] Jaú, Ig [arapé] do Gerlei, 01 ° 57 ′ 00 ″ S – 61 ° 49 ′ 00 ″ W, 23 – 28. viii. 1995 / Arm [adilha] Malaise, J. A. Rafael & Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches jauensis Ale-Rocha & Vieira [red label]. PARATYPES. idem (2 ♀, INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 119).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3A3A3C6DCB2F39FF08519A.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is very similar to S. tomentosus Smith, 1962, from Southeast of Brazil, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the shorter pterostigma and features of the male terminalia (Ale-Rocha & Vieira 2008).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3A3A3C6DCB286AFA7952F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium size (about 3.6 mm length). Antenna with scape yellow, pedicel and postpedicel brown; postpedicel very long, 3.5 times longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, with three dorsal setae near base, stylus shorter than antenna; palpus yellow with several long setae. Thorax yellow with dark brown quadrangular dorsal stain at anterior 1 / 3; prosternum wide; scutum rounded and moderately high; scutellum with three pairs of long setae. Abdomen yellow with dense yellow golden pruinescence. Legs yellow and slender. Wing sub-hyaline with golden iridescence; pterostigma small and rounded, light brown; transverse veins with smooth light brown infuscation; a transverse brownish band close to the apex of the wing.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3A3A3C6DCB286AFA7952F7.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Parque Nacional do Jaú, 8 – 16. iv. 2001, 01 ° 53 ′ 04 ″ S – 61 ° 35 ′ 11 ″ W / Arm. Susp. — 20 m, Floresta, Henriques & Vidal / Hólotipo Syneches longiflagellatus, Ale-Rocha & Vieira (red label). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 120).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3A3A3C6DCB286AFA7952F7.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is easily distinguished from congeners by the postpedicel very long, more than three times the length of scape and pedicel combined, with parallel sides, and the wide prosternum. In S. striatus sp. nov. the postpedicel is moderately long, almost two times the length of scape and pedicel together, however it is ovate.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3D3A3A6DCB2DE9FAF155A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small and dark. Antenna, buccal pieces, thorax and abdomen brown to dark brown; legs brown except for light brown femur-tibial joint, apex of tibia and tarsomeres 1 – 4 of fore and mid legs; hind leg with tibia and tarsomeres light brown and tarsomere 1 with large brown median ring. Scutum high, pyramidal. Legs slender except fore femur enlarged. Wing sub-hyaline, pterostigma rectangular located at end of vein R 1 and a brown stain at apex of vein R 2 + 3, and cell r 2 + 3 with light brown infuscation.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3D3A3A6DCB2DE9FAF155A1.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 2.5 mm. Wing: 2.3 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant with reddish brown pruinescence. Postocellar sclerite bright, without pruinescence. Face dark brown with gray pruinescence. Antenna dark brown with dense and golden setulae, lighter on apical half of postpedicel; pedicel with brown marginal setae, reaching half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel ovate, 1.2 times longer than wide, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, with 1 sub-basal dorsal seta, same length as postpedicel; stylus about 3.5 times length of antenna, bare on distal 1 / 3. Proboscis brown; palpus brown with dense reddish brown setulae, slender and elongate, about 3 / 4 length of proboscis, with 1 apical and 1 medium-ventral long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with brown marginal, moderately long setae. Scutum high, higher than height of mesopleuron, pyramidal; dark brown, with rough reddish brown pruinescence, except postalar callus light brown, prescutellar disc and central portion of scutellum with grey pruinescence, dorsocentral stripe and supra-alar stain of grey pruinescence; setae brown, short, longer on prescutellar disc, 4 to six series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series. Pleura brown with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and strong dc and 1 slender acr, about 2 / 3 length of dc seta, on prescutellar disc; 2 long and strong npl; 2 slender pal, one long and one short; scutellum with 1 long and robust subapical pair, 1 weak convergent apical pair, about 1 / 2 length of subapical pair, and 3 weak lateral setae, slightly longer than apical pair. Legs. Slender with fore femur enlarged. Brown except for light brown femur-tibial joint, apex of tibia and tarsomeres 1 – 4 of fore and mid legs; hind leg with tibia and tarsomeres light brown and tarsomere 1 with large brown median ring. Fore tibia with D row of long setae and 1 preapical PV. Mid tibia with 1 AD before middle; 1 PV same length of tarsomere 1 and 1 apical AV seta. Hind femur with AV row of setae, one longer and robust after middle. Hind tibia with 1 AD before middle and 1 preapical AD; 1 A and 1 apical AV seta; 1 long preapical PD seta. Wing (Fig. 110). Sub-hyaline; pterostigma rectangular located at end of R 1 and brown stain at apex of R 2 + 3 not reaching beyond limits of cell r 2 + 3; cell r 2 + 3 with light brown infuscation. Abdomen. About twice length of thorax. Dark brown with brown pruinescence. Covering setae brown, short dorsally and long laterally. Tergite 8 short, 2.4 times wider than long (Fig. 62); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with short setae (Fig. 63). Terminalia (Figs 59 – 61): elongate; hypandrium long, distally trapezoidal, apex slightly concave between pair of apical setae, apical setae robust, same length as visible portion of phallus, widely separated and inserted onto small tubercles; epandrial lamella wide, cleft apically, bearing robust and curved preapical setae; phallus robust with sharpened apex, sclerotized apically and with small lateral sclerotized protuberances; postgonite simple, wide, more slender on distal half and as long as length of phallus. Female. Similar to male, except as follows: wing hyaline with pterostigma tenuous (probably due to contact with alcohol). Terminalia (Figs 64, 65): sternite 8 elongate, three times longer than wide, narrowed at basal 1 / 3, with long apical setae; tergite 8 3 / 4 length of sternite; cercus long and robust, about 4 / 5 length of tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3D3A3A6DCB2DE9FAF155A1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, P [ar] q [eu]. N [acional] [do] Jaú, Ig [arapé] Miratucu, Ig [arapé] do Gerlei, 01 ° 57 ′ 00 ″ S- 61 ° 49 ′ 00 ″ W, 23 – 28. vii. 1995 / Arm [adilha] Suspensa, 15 mts, J. A. Rafael & J. F. Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches maculosum, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Specimen in good conditions, except by left postpedicel lost; left wing mounted between microslides. PARATYPES. BRASIL. Amazonas, Manaus, PDBFF / WWF, Proj: Bert Klein, x. 1984, Malaise, Reserva 1112 (1 ♂, INPA); Reserva [Adolpho] Ducke, Malaise, vii – viii. 1981, J. A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, AM 0 10, Km 24, Arm [adilha] Suspensa lâmina d’água, 29. x. – 6. xi. 1996, A. L. Henriques, R. L. M. Ferreira & J. F. Vidal cols (1 ♀, INPA). PERU. Monson Valley Tingo Maria, 2. xi. 1954, E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross colls. (2 ♂, CAS); Iquitos, iii – iv. 1931, R. S. C. Shannon (2 ♀, USNM). Geographical distribution. Peru, Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 120).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3D3A3A6DCB2DE9FAF155A1.taxon	discussion	Comments. Similar to species with pyramidal scutum (particularly S. angulatus sp. nov. and S. vidali), whose wings have pterostigma divided into two stains located at end of R 1 and at apex of R 2 + 3, besides the male terminalia with apical epandrial lamella cleft. It differs from them by having the hypandrium trapezoidal distally with apex slightly concave between apical pair of setae, and more robust phallus with sclerotized lateral tubercles; differs from S. angulatus sp. nov. by the slight curvature of apex of vein R 2 + 3, besides the female terminalia elongate, rectangular; and from S. vidali it differs by the enlarged anterior femur and wing without strong infuscation towards transverse veins. Etymology. From the Latin maculosum = maculate, in reference to the two brown stains on the wing.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3C3A396DCB2875FC3E52B8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ocellar triangle flat. Antenna dark brown. Postcranium dark brown with rough and dense grey pruinescence, absent on postocellar sclerite; palpus light brown. Pleura brown. Abdomen dark brown, with long and abundant setae, which are waved on tergites 7 and 8. Legs elongate with hind femur enlarged; yellow, except coxae, trochanters and tarsomeres 5 brown; fore and mid femora dark yellow, hind femur and apical 2 / 3 of hind tibia dark brown. Wing hyaline with light brown infuscation between r-m and bifurcation of Rs, and on apical margin; pterostigma brown, large, quadrangular, filling cell r 1; vein R 2 + 3 abruptly folded toward costa, reaching margin of wing at right angle. Re-description. Holotype ♂. Body: 4.0 mm. Wing: 3.0 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle flat. Face dark brown, with grey pruinescence. Antenna dark brown with short brown setulae; pedicel with elongate marginal setae reaching beyond half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel small, slightly longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, 1.6 times longer than wide, with 1 long dorsal sub-basal seta, longer than length of postpedicel; stylus about three times length of antenna, bare on distal 1 / 3. Proboscis yellow; palpus long, about 1 / 2 length of proboscis, light brown with short, dense and brown setulae, 1 apical and 1 sub-basal ventral long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with uniseriated, short, slender and brown marginal setae. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron and rounded; dark brown, with pale golden, dense pruinescence, posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and postalar callus light brown; setae brown, sparse, moderately long, longer on prescutellar disc; 4 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series; scutellum dark brown. Pleura brown with brown pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 acr slightly longer than covering setae and 1 dc long and robust on prescutellar disc; 2 npl long and robust widely separated; 2 pal, posterior long and strong and anterior short and weak; scutellum with 1 pair of long and robust, subapical parallel setae, 1 apical weak pair with about 1 / 2 length of subapical pair and 4 weak lateral setae about 2 / 3 length of apical pair. Legs. Elongate with femora enlarged, hind femur more robust; hind tibia slightly dilated; hind tarsomere 1 enlarged. Yellow, except coxae, trochanters and tarsomeres 5 brown; fore and mid femora dark yellow; hind femur and apical 2 / 3 of hind tibia dark brown. Fore tibia with AD and PV rows of slender setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 AD and 1 PD preapical long and slender seta. Mid femur with PV and AV rows. Mid tibia with 1 AD and 1 AV sub-basal, same length as tibia; 1 AV and 1 A apical long seta, extending beyond halflength of tarsomere 1. Hind femur with 2 dark brown to black AD setae, one before middle and one preapical; 8 spine-like AV setae inserted in large tubercles, three more apical setae shorter and dislocated to ventral surface; 3 spine-like PV setae inserted in tubercles on distal 1 / 3. Hind tibia with long and slender AD and PD setae. Wing (Fig. 111). Hyaline, with light brown infuscation between r-m and bifurcation of Rs, and on apical margin; pterostigma brown, large, quadrangular, filling cell r 1; R 2 + 3 abruptly folded towards costa, reaching margin of wing at right angle. Abdomen. Long, about 3.5 times length of thorax, slender. Dark brown with reddish brown, sparse and rough pruinescence, except tergite 2 with basal 1 / 3 bare and bright. Covering setae yellow and slender, long on lateral margins of tergites, on dorsum of tergites 1 and 2 and on sternites, abundant and with curved tip; one laterodorsal preapical seta stronger and darker on tergites 3 – 6. Tergite 8 short, 1.5 times wider than long, with lateroapical setae long and waved (Fig. 69); sternite 8 trapezoidal, extremely long, about twice length of sternite and waved setae on distal half (Fig. 70). Terminalia (Figs 66 – 68): elongate; hypandrium with parallel sides, two times longer than wide, with narrowed base, small median concavity on distal margin forming two small lobes, 1 long apical seta on each lobe reaching beyond apex of phallus; epandrial lamella wide, cleft apically, with extremely long and waved setae, longer than length of lamella; phallus long and slender, with narrowed and more sclerotized apex; postgonite simple, slender, as long as phallus. Female. As in the male, except as follows: tergites 7 and 8 with short, slender and straight setae; hind femur not so dilated as in male, AV surface with basal setae more slender, long and inserted onto small tubercles and distal setae short. Terminalia (Figs 71, 72): narrow and elongate; sternite 8 narrowed towards base, with central portion unsclerotized; tergite 8 rectangular, shorter than sternite 8; cercus long and robust, similar in length to tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3C3A396DCB2875FC3E52B8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (BMNH): BRAZIL, [Amazonas], Manaos [Manaus], July, 1935, G. U. Vredenburg. Holotype condition: Antennae and left mid tarsus lost, right wing mounted on microslide. Additional material examined. BRASIL. Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo, 25 – 30. iii. 1996, F. F. Xavier, 1 ♂; Manaus, F [azenda] Esteio BR- 174, km 41, 17 – 20. xii. 1993, F. F. Xavier, 3 ♂, 13 ♀; F [azenda] Porto Alegre, BR- 174, Km 68, 17 – 19. xi. 1993, F. F. Xavier, 24 ♂, 30 ♀; idem, 17 – 21. i. 1994, 1 ♀; Reserva [Adolpho] Ducke, Igarapé Barro Branco, armadilha malaise, 11 – 21. x. 2004, Henriques, A. Leg, 1 ♂; idem, 8 – 18. xi. 2004, 1 ♂; Borba, Rio Abacaxi, Paxiúba, 04 ° 28 ′ 48 ″ S 58 ° 34 ′ 24 ″ W, 2 – 4. vi. 2008, J. A. Rafael e equipe, Malaise, 1 ♂, idem, varredura, 4 ♀; Maués Rio Abacaxi, Campina, Pacamiri, 04 ° 35 ′ 49 ″ S 58 ° 13 ′ 14 ″ W, 30 – 31. v. 2008, J. A. Rafael e eq [uipe], ar [madilha] Malaise, campinarana, 1 ♂; Pará, Rio Trombetas, Cruz Alta, 25 – 28. vii. 1972, Varredura, J. Vidal, 1 ♂, 3 ♀; Rio Mapuera, Cach [oeira] Assunção, Malaise, 5 – 17. vi. 1986, Eq [uipe] V. Py-Daniel, 1 ♀ (all deposited in INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Pará *) (Fig. 120). Observations. The description of the antenna, palpus, notopleural and scutellar setae was based on specimens that had been previously compared with the type.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3C3A396DCB2875FC3E52B8.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens have two sub-basal dorsal setae on postpedicel and light brown proboscis. Some females have brown dorsocentral stripe on scutum, widened on prescutellar disc.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3E3A366DCB29DAFE93506A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lower facets larger around the buccal opening; antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, postpedicel ovate and light brown; stylus about three times length of antenna, bare on distal 1 / 4; palpus short, yellow, with three long setae. Thorax light brown with scutellum brown; prescutellar disc covered with dense silvery pruinescence; scutum high and rounded; seven to eight pairs of scutellar setae; prosternum narrow. Legs slender, yellow, except mid femur dark yellow, hind tibia dark yellow with light brown median ring, hind tarsomere 1 brown on basal half and all tarsomeres 5 dark yellow. Wing hyaline, pterostigma inconspicuous. Re-description. Holotype ♂. Body: 3.0 mm. Wing: 3.0 mm. Head. Lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant, with pale golden pruinescence. Face dark brown to black, with sparse grey pruinescence. Antenna with yellow scape and pedicel, light brown postpedicel; pedicel with brown marginal elongate setae, reaching middle of postpedicel; postpedicel ovate, 1.2 times longer than wide, small, slightly longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, with short golden brown setulae, 1 dorsal sub-basal seta same length as postpedicel; stylus about three times length of antenna, bare on distal 1 / 4. Proboscis dark yellow; palpus yellow, about 1 / 3 length of proboscis, with short golden setulae; 1 apical, 1 median long and 1 sub-basal smaller ventral seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum light brown with marginal setae short and slender, uniserial, sparse and brown. Scutum high, same height of mesopleuron and rounded; brown, with postpronotal lobe and postalar callus light brown, brown pruinescence except prescutellar disc covered with dense silvery pruinescence; setae brown, short, sparse, longer on prescutellar disc, 6 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral; scutellum brown with brown pruinescence. Pleura light brown with pale golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 2 long acr, posterior longer, strong and convergent, and 2 long dc, posterior one longer and robust on prescutellar disc; 3 long and robust npl; 1 pal; scutellum with long setae, 1 robust and convergent subapical pair, 1 weak apical pair, about 2 / 3 length of subapical pair and five weak lateral pairs subequal in length to apical pair. Legs. Slender, elongate, hind femur slender. Yellow, except mid femur dark yellow, dark yellow hind tibia with light brown median ring, hind tarsomere 1 brown on basal half and all tarsomeres 5 dark yellow. Mid tibia with 1 long AD seta at basal 1 / 3, almost reaching apex of tibia; 1 preapical AV; 1 preapical PV, same length as tarsomere 1. Hind femur with slender AV setae, one longer and robust on distal 1 / 3. Hind tibia with 1 AD seta at basal 1 / 3 and 1 preapical AD; 1 preapical D; 1 A and 1 apical AV, all setae moderately long. Wing (Fig. 112). Hyaline, inconspicuous pterostigma at the apex of R 1. Abdomen. About three times length of thorax. Dark brown with reddish brown pruinescence; setae brown, with lateral setae longer. Tergite 8 short, 1.8 times wider than long (Fig. 76); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with long and strong apical setae (Fig. 77). Terminalia (Figs 73 – 75): elongate; hypandrium two times longer than wide, distal margin with deep median cleft forming two big lobes, 1 long and strong apical seta on each lobe inserted in small tubercle, same length as visible portion of phallus; epandrial lamella wide, with sharpened apex and moderately long setae; phallus long, with rounded apex, bearing developed and sclerotized lateral protuberance; postgonite simple, slender, as long as phallus. Female. As in male, except for darker general coloration. Terminalia (Figs 78, 79): sternite 8 elongate, narrowed at basal half, produced anteriorly as paired lobes, with short apical setae; tergite 8 rectangular, slightly shorter than sternite 8; cercus long and slender, same length as tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3E3A366DCB29DAFE93506A.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (BMNH): BRITISH GUIANA [Guyana], Essequibo, R., Moraballi Creek, 27. ix. 1929, Oxf [ord] Univ [ersity] Exped [ition], BM 1929 - 485. Conditions of the holotype: terminalia dissected, affixed on coverslip with balsam; right wing mounted between coverslips. Additional material examined. BRASIL. Roraima, Rio Uraricoara, Ilha de Maracá, 19 – 24. vii. 1987, J. A. Rafael & L. S. Aquino, Armadilha de Malaise (2 ♀, INPA); Amazonas, Barcelos, Serrinha, 0 ° 25 ′ 05 ″ N- 63 ° 23 ′ 05 ″ W, vii – viii. 2007, Malaise em floresta, A. S. Filho & T. Krolow, (1 ♂, INPA); Manaus, F [azenda] Esteio BR- 174, km 41, 17 – 21. xii. 1993, F. F. Xavier (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA); idem F [azenda] Porto Alegre (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA); Manaos, vi. 1931, R. C. Shannon (1 ♀, USNM); Res [erva] Ducke, Igarapé Barro Branco, Armadilha Malaise 4, 13 – 23. ix. 2004, A. Henriques leg. (1 ♂, INPA); C [ampus] Universitário, iii. 1979, J. A. Rafael, Armadilha Malaise, Comparado com tipo, Syneches moraballi, Det. Ale-Rocha (1 ♂, INPA); Puraquequara, 16. x. 1994, Varredura J. Vidal (1 ♂, INPA); Coari, Rio Urucu, Petrobrás, RUC- 30, 27. x. – 1. xi. 1994, L. E. F. Rocha & Silva, Arm [adilha] de malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Tabatinga, 13 – 17. i. 1992, Socorro & Vidal, Varredura (2 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA); Tefé, 15. vii. 1991 (1 ♀, INPA); Pará, Santarém, vi. 1931, R. C. Shannon (1 ♀, USNM); Serra Norte, N- 1 Canga, 20 – 26. x. 1984, Armadilha Suspensa 1.6 m, Comparado com o tipo H [olótipo] Syneches moraballi, Det. Ale-Rocha (1 ♂, MPEG); Apeú, B. Vista, 19. vii. 1974, I. S. Gorayeb (1 ♂, MPEG); Marabá, S. Norte, ix. 1982, M. Miles (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA); Óbidos, Sítio Curió, 01 ° 47 ' 03 '' S 55 ° 07 ' 05 '' W, 29. viii. – 8. ix. 2001, Malaise, J. A. Rafael & J. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA); Santarém, Vila Inanú, 28. xii. 1994, L. S. Aquino, Arm [adilha] Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Amapá, Rio Felício, 24. vi. 53, J. Lane col. (2 ♀, MZUSP); Rondônia, Guajará-Mirim, Rio Pacaás Novos, 11 ° 11 ′ 13 ″ S 64 ° 51 ′ 21 ″ W, 7 – 11. ix. 1999, J. Vidal, Malaise, Igarapé (2 ♂, 2 ♀, INPA); Nova Mamoré, Parque Estadual de Guajará-Mirim, Rio Formoso, 10 ° 19 ′ 26 ″ S 64 ° 33 ′ 88 ″ W, 23. x. 1995, J. Vidal, Varredura (3 ♂, INPA); Maranhão, Carolina, Fazenda Marajá, 07 ° 15 ′ 40 ″ S 47 ° 22 ′ 48 ″ W, 13. xii. 2001, F. L. Oliveira & J. Vidal, Armadilah Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Mato- Grosso, C [hapada] dos Guimarães, Malaise, 23 – 30. xi. 1983, Bindá (1 ♂, INPA); Pantanal, Arm [adilha] Cola, 14 – 17. vi. 1991, J. A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Goiás, Araquacema, Rio Araguaia, CDC Trap, 25. xi. 1982, Eq. J. Arias (1 ♀, INPA); Paraná, Curitiba, Malaise-Iapar, 30. xii. – 27. i. 1979, A. Yamamoto (1 ♀, INPA); Rio Grande do Sul, Canelas, i. 1984, M. Hoffmann (1 ♀, INPA). GUYANA, Kaieteur Falls, 5 ° 10.7 ' N- 59 ° 29.2 ' W, 7. iv. 1994, W. Mathis (1 ♀, USNM). PERU. Monson-Valley, Tingo-Maria, 23. ix. 1954, E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross collectors (1 ♂, CAS). VENEZUELA. Surukura, xii. 1941, P. Anduze Colr. (1 ♂, 4 ♀, USNM); Lara, Parque Nacional Yacambu, 6 – 8. iv. 1981, A. S. Menke & L. Hollenberg Collectors (1 ♂, USNM); T. F. Amaz., Cerro de la Neblina Basecamp, 140 m, 0 ° 51 ′ N- 66 ° 10 ′ W, 10 – 20. ii. 1985, Malaise trap in rainforest, P. J. & P. M. Spangler, R. A. Faitoute & W. E. Steiner cols. (1 ♂, USNM). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima *, Rondônia *, Pará *, Mato Grosso *, Maranhão *, Goiás *, Paraná *, Rio Grande do Sul *), Guyana, Peru * and Venezuela * (Fig. 121).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E3E3A366DCB29DAFE93506A.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens are slightly darker, with postpedicel, scutum, apex of hind femur and tarsomeres 3 – 5 brown. Scutellum with six lateral pairs of setae. Similar to the condition found in S. sp. 1 and S. tenebricus sp. nov., the scutum of S. moraballi is high and globose, the legs are slender and yellow, the fore femur is slightly enlarged, and the differentiated setae are long, but weak. S. moraballi can be distinguished from those two species by the brown thorax with dense silvery pruinescence on the entire prescutellar disc, an outstanding characteristic of the species, and also by the hind femur with apical 1 / 4 brown and the hind tibia with median brown ring. This is one of the most frequently collected species, being very common in Brazilian collections (Ale-Rocha & Vieira 2008). It is widely distributed in South America and is probably one of the most widely distributed Neotropical species.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E303A366DCB28FAFD2552AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium size (about 3.5 mm length) and dark brown. Antenna dark brown; scape very small, about half length of pedicel; postpedicel ovate, small, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined; palpus dark brown. Scutum high, pyramidal, dark brown to black; five pairs of scutellar setae. Abdomen brown. Legs long and slender, femur-tibial joints, apex of fore tibia, mid and hind tibiae and tarsomeres 1 – 4 yellow, the rest is dark brown to black; base of femur and fore tibia slightly swollen. Wing light brown with a small distinct seta on basicosta; pterostigma tenuous.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E303A366DCB28FAFD2552AF.taxon	description	Female. Unknown. Geographical distribution. Peru and Bolivia (Fig. 120).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E303A366DCB28FAFD2552AF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Species with a very high pyramidal scutum as in S. annulipes Bezzi; however, it can be distinguished from it by the sub-hyaline wing with slightly infuscated pterostigma, epandrial lamella, in lateral view, more slender apically, and hypandrium with one pair of protuberances at laterodistal margin (see Rafael & Ale-Rocha 1995, figs 65, 45 and 44, respectively).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E333A356DCB2DE9FBF9567D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small (about 2.7 mm length) and dark brown. Postcranium with grey pruinescence. Thorax pyramidal, dark brown to black, scutum very high and pointed, two times the height of mesopleuron, with reddish brown pruinescence; prosternum narrow. Legs dark brown, except tibiae yellow; hind femur with three elongate AV setae. Wing hyaline, pterostigma inconspicuous; apex of cell r 1 narrowed.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E333A356DCB2DE9FBF9567D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. BRASIL. Amazonas, Manaus, R [eserva Adolpho] Ducke, 20. ix. 1982, J. A. Rafael, Armadilha malaise, Syneches pyramidatus Det. Ale-Rocha, 1997 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Rod. [ovia] 0 10, Km 26, ix. 2001, J. Vidal, mata (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Igarapé Barro-Branco, 13 – 23. ix. 2004, A. Henriques leg. (1 ♀, INPA). Geographical distribution. Peru, Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 122).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E333A356DCB2DE9FBF9567D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens with fore and mid tibiae and a median ring on hind tibia dark yellow. This species is easily differentiated from all known species of Syneches with high pyramidal scutum by the yellow tibiae, scutum lacking gray pruinescence on the pre-scutellar disc, wing hyaline with apex of cell r 1 narrowed and male terminalia with small apical projection at epandrial lamella.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E333A356DCB2E0EFC2F52B4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium size (about 3.4 mm length) and brown. Scape and pedicel light brown, postpedicel ovate and yellow; palpus yellow. Thorax brown, with brown reddish brown pruinescence anteriorly, and grey and golden pruinescense mixed on prescutellar disc and scutellum; one narrow dorsocentral stripe of dense yellowish grey pruinescence; pruinescence brown and sparse on sides of scutum; prosternum wide. Abdomen dark brown. Legs slender with femora slightly enlarged; yellow, except coxae and trochanters light brown, apex and base of hind femur brown and wide median light brown ring on hind tibia. Wing sub-hyaline with light brown, small and rectangular pterostigma.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E333A356DCB2E0EFC2F52B4.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. BRASIL. Amapá, Serra do Navio, 7. x. 1957, J. Lane leg. (1 ♀, MZUSP); idem, 14. x. 1957 (1 ♀, MZUSP); Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva F [lorestal] Adolpho Ducke, Platô Trilha Norte / Sul, 17. iv. – 4. v. 2007, Arm [adilha] Suspensa amarela, Sub-bosque, Freitas, G. & Freitas, Silva, R. A. Cols (1 ♂, INPA); Maués, Rio Abacaxis Flona Pau Rosa, 05 ° 15 ′ 09 ″ S- 58 ° 41 ′ 52 ″ W, 26 – 28. v. 2008, J. A. Rafael e equipe, arm [adilha] suspense dossel a 30 m (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA); Pará, Belém, 20. vii. 1970 (1 ♀, USNM); Mocambo, 23. i. 1978, Arm. Malaise (1 ♀, MPEG); Belterra, Flona Tapajós, 100 m, 02 ° 36 ′ 15 ″ S 54 ° 56 ′ 35 ″ W, 15 – 16. iv. 2008, arm [adilha] luz, J. A. Rafael, F. F. Xavier F. (3 ♂, 2 ♀, INPA); Benevides, F. Morelandia, 14. xi. 1986, J. A. Rafael (1 ♀, INPA); idem, PA 408, Km 0 6, Flight trap, 24. vi. 1981, I. S Gorayeb (1 ♀, MPEG); Rondônia, Guajará-Mirim, R [io] Pacaás Novos, 11 ° 11 ′ 13 ″ S 64 ° 51 ′ 21 ″ W, 7 – 11. x. 1999, J. Vidal, Igapó, Arm [adilha] Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Ariquemes, Rio Ji-Parana, 28. x. 1986, 09 ° 44 ′ S 61 ° 52 ′ W, J. A. Rafael, Arm [adilha] Malaise (1 ♂, 3 ♀, INPA). FRENCH GUIANA. Raban, 2 – 3. ii. 1965, Aitken, Guerra & Martinez (1 ♀, USNM). PERU. Iquitos, iii – iv. 1931, R. C. Shannon (1 ♀, USNM); Dept. Loreto, Explorama Lodge, 80 km NE Iquitos no Rio Amazonas, 24. vi. – 20. vii. 1990, Menke & Avertschenko, Malaise (1 ♂, USNM). VENEZUELA. T. F. Amaz. Cerro da La Neblina Basecamp, 140 m, 0 ° 50 ′ N, 66 ° 10 ′ W, 20. ii. 1985, At black light in rainforest clearing near Rio Baria, P. J. & P. M. Spangler, R. Faitoute, W. Steiner (1 ♂, USNM); idem, 5. ii. 1985, on low foliage, rainforest trail, W. E. Steiner coll. (1 ♂, USNM). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia *, Amapá *), French Guiana *, Peru * and Venezuela * (Fig. 122).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E333A356DCB2E0EFC2F52B4.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens present general coloration darker, short and strong ventral setae throughout hind femur. This species differs from the others species with large prosternum by the femora just lightly robust, small rectangular pterostigma, smaller size and features of the male terminalia.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E323A346DCB2DE9FDBA5081.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium size (about 3.5 mm length) and dark brown. Ocellar triangle flat; antenna black. Scutum high and rounded, dark brown to black, with grey pruinescence on sides and prescutellar disc; prosternum narrow; scutellum brown with grey pruinescence and five pairs of marginal setae. Abdomen brown with long and waved setae. Legs yellow, except coxa, trochanter, distal 1 / 2 of femur and hind tibia brown; fore femur and tibia and hind tarsomere 1 swollen; mid tibia with 1 AD subbasal, 1 P and 1 very long V apical seta. Wing hyaline, pterostigma brown, large, filling out the apex of cell r 1. Phallus long, same length as postgonite, slender at the distal half with two lateral protuberances. Variations. The yellow portion of hind femur varies from 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 or less; rounded pterostigma not completely filling the apex of cell r 1; phallus longer than usual, longer than the postgonite, with elongation after the second pair of lateral protuberances, reaching the apex of epandrial lamella.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E323A346DCB2DE9FDBA5081.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Syneches hispidus: HOLOTYPE ♂, BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, P [arque] N [acional] do Jaú, Rio Unini, Democracia, 01 ° 43 ′ 54 ″ S- 61 ° 54 ′ 32 ″ W, 20 – 24. vi. 1996, A. L. Henriques, J. Vidal & F. L. Oliveira, Varredura, Holótipo Syneches hispidus Ale-Rocha & Vieira, male (INPA). Syneches repletus Bezzi: HOLOTYPE ♀, Peru (Pasco), Puerto Bermudez, Pichis, xii. 1903 (300 m), female (Dresden). Additional material examined. BRASIL. Amazonas, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, Maturaca, 11 – 13. x. 1990, Arm [adilha] Malaise, J. A. Rafael (1 ♀, INPA); Querari (Pelotão), 01 ° 05 ′ N 69 ° 51 ′ W, 8. iv. – 15. v. 1993, J. Vidal (1 ♂, INPA); Manaus, Rod [ovia] AM- 010, Km 21, Reserva Ducke, x. 2001, J. F. Vidal, Malaise (2 ♀, INPA); Tabatinga, 13 – 17. i. 1992, Socorro & Vidal, Varredura (1 ♂, INPA); idem, 11 – 14. vii. 1991 (1 ♀, INPA); Para, Rio Trombetas, Cruz Alta, 23 – 25. vii. 1992, varredura, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Moa, 07 ° 37 ′ 02 ″ S 72 ° 46 ′ 15 ″ W, 19 – 28. xi. 1996, Varredura Mata, J. A. Rafael, J. Vidal & R. L. Menezes (2 ♂, INPA). VENEZUELA. T. F. Amaz., Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp. 140 m, 0 ° 50 ′ N, 66 ° 10 ′ W, 19. ii. 1985, Malaise trap in rainforest, P. J. & D. P. Spangler, R. A. Faitoute, W. E. Steiner cols (1 ♂, USNM); idem 10 – 20. ii. 1985 (3 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Pará *, Acre *), Peru and Venezuela * (Fig. 122).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E323A346DCB2DE9FDBA5081.taxon	discussion	Comments. Species similar to S. manaos, as mentioned before, but differs from it by the vein R 2 + 3 slightly bent to Costa, hind femur completely brown and features of male terminalia. Until now the male of S. repletus was unknown. Ale-Rocha & Vieira (2008) described S. hispidus based on males and females. The examination of female specimens of S. repletus and female specimens of the type series of S. hispidus revealed that they were very similar, lacking significant characters to distinguish them. Therefore, the synonymy is being established, and consequently the male of S. repletus is considered as described under S. hispidus in Ale-Rocha & Vieira (2008).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E323A336DCB2B50FCB854D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small (about 3.2 mm length) and dark brown. Antenna yellow; scape very small; palpus yellow. Scutum high, rounded, dark brown to black, with grey pruinescence on lateral, anterior and posterior margins, central area of scutum with brown pruinescence; postpronotal lobe and postalar callus yellow; prosternum narrow. Abdomen dark brown. Legs yellow except distal half of hind femur brown; hind femur slender. Wing (Rafael & Ale-Rocha 1995, fig. 63) lightly brown, pterostigma quadrangular located at end of R 1 and dark brown small stain on apex of cell r 1.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E323A336DCB2B50FCB854D1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. BOLIVIA. Beni, Rurrenabaque, W. M. Mann, Mulford, Bio. Expl., 22. xi. 1921 (31 ♂, 26 ♀, USNM). Geographical distribution. Bolivia (Fig. 122).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E323A336DCB2B50FCB854D1.taxon	discussion	Comments. The specimens observed, in general way, are lighter than the specimen described by Bezzi (1909). This species is similar to S. striatus sp. nov. by the high and rounded scutum, quadrangular pterostigma located at the end of R 1 and small brown stain on apex of cell r 1, but can be differentiated from it by the yellow legs with distal 1 / 2 of femur brown, and features of the male terminalia.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E353A316DCB2CA0FF3E516F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown; postpedicel long, ovate, pale yellow, 1 / 3 longer than length of scape and pedicel combined. Scutum light brown except anterior region at acrostichal area, intra-alar region, narrow longitudinal stripe at prescutellar disc and anterior half of postpronotal lobe brown; pleura pale brown, except anepisternum, anterior half of katepisternum, anepimeron and laterotergite, brown; scutellum with three pairs of setae, apical pair absent. Hind femur slightly enlarged; hind femur brown with 1 preapical yellow ring, fore and mid femora yellow with basal, median and preapical brown rings, fore and hind tibia yellow with 1 sub-basal and 1 median or preapical brown ring; wing sub-hyaline, pterostigma large, rectangular, brownish stain at apex of Sc and R 2 + 3, tenuous brown infuscation on transverse veins.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E353A316DCB2CA0FF3E516F.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 3.5 mm. Wing: 3.4 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant with sparse golden pruinescence. Face dark brown to black, with dense grey pruinescence. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown covered with golden brown pruinescence and pale yellow postpedicel; scape long, same length as pedicel; pedicel with ventral marginal setae reaching middle length of postpedicel; postpedicel elongate, 1 / 3 longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, 2.6 longer than wide, with short pale golden setulae and 1 sub-basal dorsal seta longer than length of postpedicel; stylus about 2.5 times length of antenna, with short pale golden setulae, bare on distal 1 / 4. Proboscis light brown; palpus yellow, with short golden setulae, elongate, about half length of proboscis, with 1 apical, 1 ventral median and 1 ventral long seta before middle. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum brown, with golden pruinescence, long and sparse marginal setae. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron; light brown with pale golden pruinescence, except anterior region at acrostichal area, intra-alar region, narrow longitudinal stripe at prescutellar disc and anterior half of postpronotal lobe, brown; setae brown, longer at prescutellar disc; 6 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series; scutellum light brown with central portion brown. Pleura pale brown except anepisternum, anterior half of katepisternum, anepimeron and laterotergite brown, with pale golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 2 long and robust acr and 1 dc seta with apices curved ventrally, on prescutellar disc; 2 long, robust and widely separated npl; 1 long and slender pal; scutellum with 1 pair of long and robust subapical setae and 3 lateral weak setae about 1 / 3 length of subapical pair, apical pair absent. Legs. Elongate, fore and hind femora slightly enlarged. Coxae with pale golden pruinescence; coxae, trochanters and tarsomeres 3 – 5 brown; mid tibia, fore and mid tarsomeres 1 – 2 and hind tarsomere 2 yellow; hind femur brown with 1 preapical yellow ring; hind tarsomere 1 brown with apical 1 / 3 yellow, fore and mid femora yellow with basal, median and preapical brown rings (tenuous on mid femur); fore tibia yellow with 1 sub-basal and 1 median brown ring; hind tibia yellow with 1 sub-basal and 1 preapical brown ring. Fore tibia with 4 setae on D surface and 1 preapical PD seta. Mid femur with AV and PV rows of long setae, stronger on basal half. Mid tibia with 1 submedial AD seta, 1 / 4 length of tibia and 1 preapical AD seta; 1 apical AV seta; one before middle and one apical PV seta; 1 preapical P seta; PD surface with 1 seta after middle and 1 preapical seta. Hind femur with 1 preapical D seta; AD row with 5 setae; 1 preapical PV seta; 4 long and strong AV setae intercalated with short setae. Hind tibia with 1 AV and 1 A apical seta; AD surface with 1 seta before middle and 1 preapical seta; 1 apical PD and 1 PD slender preapical seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with AV row of short and robust setae. Wing (Fig. 113). Subhyaline, with large brown rectangular pterostigma, almost twice longer than wide, located at end of R 1, brownish stain at apex of Sc and R 2 + 3, tenuous brown infuscation on transverse veins; R 2 + 3 with apex slightly curved upward. Abdomen. About 2.0 times length of thorax. Brown, except for light brown first tergite and half of second tergite; with reddish brown pruinescence. Setae brown and sparse, longer and abundant laterally, dorsal setae short. Tergite 8 longer than usual, twice longer than wide, with central portion unsclerotized and distal margin more sclerotized than basal margin (Fig. 83); sternite 8 trapezoidal (Fig. 84). Terminalia (Figs 80 – 82): elongate; hypandrium rather short and wide with medial deep cleft on distal margin forming two large rounded lobes, bearing long apical seta each, extending beyond apex of phallus; epandrial lamella wide with rounded apex and medium sized setae; phallus elongate with two small lateral more sclerotized protuberances and triangular apex; postgonite wide, simple and longer than phallus. Female. As in male. Terminalia short (Figs 85, 86): sternite 8 short, narrowed at base; tergite 8 short, about twice wider than long; cercus short and ovate, half-length of tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E353A316DCB2CA0FF3E516F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Querari (pelotão) 1 ° 5 ′ N- 69 ° 51 ′ W / 06. iv- 15. v. 1993, J. Vidal / Holótipo, Syneches striatus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Specimen in good conditions. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Amazonas, Tabatinga, 11 – 14. vii. 1981, Socorro & Vidal, Arm [adilha] Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); same data as holotype (1 ♀; MZUSP; 2 ♀, INPA); Parque Nacional do Jaú, 29. vii. – 8. viii. 2001, 01 ° 53 ′ 42 ″ S 61 ° 35 ′ 01 ″ W, Arm [adilha] Malaise, campinarana alta, Henriques & Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Rio Carabinani, Boa Vista, 02 ° 01 ′ 05 ″ S 61 ° 32 ′ 19 ″ W, 29 – 31. vii. 1995, Varredura, J. A. Rafael & J. F. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Rio Unini, Democracia, 01 ° 43 ′ 54 ″ S 61 ° 54 ′ 32 ″ W, 20 – 24. vi. 1996, A. L. Henriques, J. Vidal & F. Oliveira, Arm [adilha] Malaise (2 ♀, INPA); Ig [arapé] Miratucu / Ig [arapé] do Gerlei, 01 ° 57 ′ 00 ″ S 61 ° 49 ′ 00 ″ W, 23 – 28. vii. 1995, Arm [adilaha] Malaise, J. A Rafael & J. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA); Rio Carabinani, Ig [arapé] Ipiranga, 02 ° 03 ′ 05 ″ S 61 ° 33 ′ 32 ″ W, 29 – 31. vii. 1995, Arm [adilha] Malaise, J. A Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Igarapé Patauá, 01 ° 53 ′ 16 ″ S 61 ° 44 ′ 07 ″ W, 23 – 28. vii. 1995, Varredura, J. A. Rafael & J. F. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA); Rio Jaú, Meriti, Mun [icipio] Novo Airão, 4 – 10. vi. 1994, J. A. Rafael (1 ♀, INPA); Rio Jaú, Malaise, Mata alta, 24. x. 1993, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Manaus, PDBFF / WWF, Proj: Bert Klein, x. 1984, Malaise, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); iii. 1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); vi. 1985, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); vii. 1985, Reserva 1301 (2 ♀, INPA); vii. 1985, Reserva 1208 (2 ♀, INPA); iii. 1986, Reserva 1113 (1 ♀, INPA); iv. 1986, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); ii. 1986, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vi. 1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); xii. 1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); iv. 1986, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); 26. ii. 1985, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); v. 1986, Reserva 1112 (2 ♀, INPA); iv. 1986, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); vi. 1985, Reserva 1210 (1 ♀, INPA); vi. 1985, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vii. 1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); vii. 1984, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, MZUSP; 14 ♀, INPA); vi. 1984, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); xi. 1984, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); vi. 1986, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); ii. 1985, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); i. 1985, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); vii. 1984, Reserva 1112 (1 ♀, INPA); viii. 1985, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); iv. 1985, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); iv. 1987, Reserva 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); iii. 1985, Reserva 1210 (2 ♀, INPA); iv. 1985, Reserva 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); BR- 174, KM- 72, Faz [enda] Dimona, 11 – 14. vi. 1993, F. F. Xavier, Varredura (1 ♀, INPA); Res [erva] KM- 41, PDBFF, 21 – 22. vii. 2004, Trilha AB B-SB, R Querino (1 ♀, INPA); ZF- 3, Faz [azenda] Esteio, vii. 1986, J. A. Rafael (1 ♀, INPA); F [azenda] Esteio, BR- 174, KM- 41, ZF 3, 24 – 27. viii. 1993, F. F. Xavier (1 ♀, INPA); idem 21 – 23. x. 1993 (1 ♀, INPA); AM- 010, KM- 54, BI- 2, 02 ° 45 ′ 33 ″ S 59 ° 51 ′ 03 ″ W, 21 – 31. vii. 1997, Susp [ensa] baixa, mata, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); 21 – 30. X. 1997, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); KM 30, 02 ° 51 ′ 47 ″ S 59 ° 55 ′ 51 ″ W, F. L. Oliveira col., Arm [adilha] Malaise, 29. v. – 6. vi. 1996 (1 ♀, INPA); KM- 21, Reserva [Adolpho] Ducke, x. 2001, J. F. Vidal, Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Ig [arapé] Acará, Malaise, 2. ix. 1993, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, 5. viii. 1992 (2 ♂, INPA); idem, 5. viii. 1993 (2 ♂, INPA); idem, 2. v. 1990, R. A. Rocha & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Igarapé Barro Branco, Armadilha Malaise, 8 – 18. xi. 2004, Henriques, A. leg. (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Malaise 3, 13 – 23. ix. 2004 (1 ♀, INPA); Igarapé Tinga, Arm [adilha] Suspensa 20 m, 14 – 24. vi. 2004, Henriques, A. leg. (1 ♀, INPA); INPA-V 8, 27. ix. 1982, J. A. Rafael (1 ♀, INPA); Lábrea, Sítio São Raimundo, Ramal Apaeral, KM 0 9, 07 ° 19 ′ 10 ″ S 64 ° 40 ′ 07 ″ W, vi. 2006, Arm [adilha] Malaise, Xavier Filho, F. F. (2 ♀, INPA); Pará, Benevides, F. Morelandia, 14. xi. 1986, J. A. Rafael, Arm [adilha] Malaise (1 ♀, INPA); Óbidos, Sítio Curió, 01 ° 47 ′ 03 ″ S 55 ° 07 ′ 05 ″ W, 29. viii. – 8. ix. 2001, Malaise, J. A. Rafael & J. F. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA); Rio Trombetas, Cruz Alta, 25 – 28. vii. 1992, Arm. Malaise, J. Vidal (1 ♂, INPA). VENEZUELA. T. P. Amaz., Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 140 m, 0 ° 51 ′ N 66 ° 10 ′ W, 10 – 20. ii. 1985, Malaise trap in rainforest, P. J. & P. M. Spangler, R. A. Faitoute & W. E. Steiner cols. (1 ♂, USNM). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Venezuela (Fig. 122).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E353A316DCB2CA0FF3E516F.taxon	discussion	Comments. The new species is easily distinguished from congeners by having brown rings on the legs, which gives a striped appearance to the specimen, and postpedicel long when compared with the other species (it is comparatively smaller than in S. longiflagellatus, which has very long postpedicel, 3.5 times longer than scape and pedicel together).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E353A316DCB2CA0FF3E516F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin striatus = streak, band, in reference to the coloration of the legs, yellow with brown rings.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E373A306DCB29F9FE7A5219.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna yellow. Scutum high, globose, same height as mesopleuron; dark brown to black with dense reddish brown pruinescence; pleura brown with paler anepimeron. Abdomen dark brown to black. Legs yellow except fore leg with coxa, trochanter and femur brown; slender, except fore femur enlarged. Wing brown, pterostigma elongate and dark brown.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E373A306DCB29F9FE7A5219.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 3.5 mm. Wing: 3.5 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant. Face dark brown with grey pruinescence. Antenna yellow; pedicel with brown marginal elongate setae, reaching half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel dark yellow, small, ovate, 1.4 times longer than wide, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, 1 long median dorsal seta, almost twice length of postpedicel; stylus about 3.5 times length of antenna, with short setulae and bare on distal 1 / 3. Proboscis light brown; palpus light brown, small, about 1 / 5 length of proboscis, with golden setulae and 1 apical and 1 ventral at middle long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with elongate, dark brown and sparse marginal setae. Scutum high, globose, same height as mesopleuron; dark brown to black with dense reddish brown pruinescence; setae short, dark brown and sparse on anterior region, slightly longer on prescutellar disc; 6 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series. Pleura brown with lighter anepimeron and golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and robust dc and 1 slender acr, half length of dc seta, on prescutellar disc; 2 long npl, anterior seta slender and close to margin of scutum, posterior seta robust; 2 pal, one long and slender, and one short, with 1 / 3 length of long one; scutellum with long setae, 1 robust subapical pair, 1 slender apical pair about 2 / 3 length of subapical pair, 3 lateral setae subequal to apical pair. Legs. Slender with anterior femur enlarged. Yellow, except fore leg with coxa, trochanter and femur brown. Fore tibia with PV row of long setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with strong setae on AV, V and PV surfaces. Mid tibia with 1 AV and 1 PV preapical seta. Mid tarsomere 1 with AV and PV rows of more robust setae. Hind tibia with 1 D and 1 PD prepical seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 D apical seta. Wing (Fig. 114). Brown, darker at costal region; pterostigma dark brown, elongate and narrow; R 2 + 3 with straight apex. Abdomen. About 2.5 times length of thorax. Dark brown to black, subshiny, with brown pruinescence. Covering setae dark brown, short and sparse dorsally, lateral and ventral setae longer and abundant. Tergite 8 short, 3.2 times wider than long (Fig. 90); sternite 8 trapezoidal, narrowed at base, with long apical setae (Fig. 91). Terminalia (Figs 87 – 91): elongate; hypandrium elongate, slightly narrowed distally, largely cleft apically forming two large lobes bearing short setae; epandrial lamella with robust apical thorn, dorsal margin slightly serrated on apical 1 / 3 and short setae; phallus short and robust with long lateral protuberances strongly sclerotized and apex shallowly concave; postgonite simple, slender, shorter than phallus (Fig. 88). Female. Unknown.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E373A306DCB29F9FE7A5219.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, F [azenda] Esteio, BR- 174, KM 41 / 17 – 20. xii. 1993, F. F. Xavier / Holótipo Syneches tenebricus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha. Specimen in good condition. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Roraima, Pacaraima, 25. vi. – 5. vii. 1988, Eq. J. A. Rafael, flor de Heliconia sp., 1 ♂; Amazonas, holotype same data, 5 ♂; F [azenda] P [orto] Alegre, BR- 174, KM 68, 17 – 19. xi. 1993, F. F. Xavier, 2 ♂; PDBFF / WWF, Proj. Bert Klein, i. 1985, Reserva 1112, 1 ♂; idem, xi. 1984, Reserva 1208, 1 ♂ (all deposited in INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas) (Fig. 123).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E373A306DCB29F9FE7A5219.taxon	discussion	Comments. Similar to S. moraballi and S. sp. 1 by having scutum high and globose, slender and yellow legs with fore femur slightly enlarged, but can be distinguished from these species and from other congeners by the unusually brown wing, besides the characters listed in the diagnosis and features of the male terminalia.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E373A306DCB29F9FE7A5219.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin, tenebricus = dark, in reference to the dark wing coloration, the most conspicuous feature of this species.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E093A0F6DCB2DE9FA905791.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small (about 2.6 mm length) and brown. Antenna with scape and pedicel brown; postpedicel brown at basal half and yellow in remaining. Thorax brown, except postpronotal lobe and postalar callus yellow; scutum high, pyramidal, with a narrow dorsocentral stripe and lateral rounded stains of grey pruinescence, coarse grey pruinescence on prescutellar disc and scutellum. Legs slender with femora weakly enlarged; brown except tibiae and hind tarsomeres 1 – 2 with base and apex yellow, fore and mid tarsomeres 1 – 4 and hind tarsomere 3 – 4 yellow. Wing gently brownish, pterostigma formed by two big quadrangular brown stains, one at end of R 1 and one at end of cell r 1, both surpassing the limits of cell r 1. Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 123).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E093A0F6DCB2DE9FA905791.taxon	discussion	Comment s. This species can be distinguished from congeners with pyramidal scutum mainly by the hind femur with several long AV setae, four to five of them more robust, pterostigma divided in two big quadrangular stains surpassing the limits of cell r 1, and hypandrium with distal margin rounded bearing two long apical setae.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E093A0D6DCB2E5FFEA15631.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large (about 6.3 mm length). Scape and pedicel dark brown; postpedicel yellow with brown base. Thorax brown with pale golden pruinescence forming a dorsocentral stripe and covering the prescutellar disc; prosternum large; scutellum with two rows of long marginal setae. Abdomen dark brown, apical setae of tergites more robust. Legs with enlarged femora; light brown except coxae, trochanters, basal 2 / 3 of fore femur and median ring on fore and hind tibiae brown, and hind femur brown with light brown subapical ring. Wing light brown, with pterostigma quadrangular and brown, and small brownish stain at apex of R 2 + 3, and light brown infuscation at apex of vein Rs and dm-cu. Re-description. Holotype ♂. Body: 6.3 mm. Wing: 6.1 mm. Head. Eye with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant with sparse golden pruinescence. Face dark brown with dense grey pruinescence. Antenna with short, dense and golden setulae; scape and pedicel dark brown; pedicel with brown and long marginal setae, reaching beyond half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel yellow with brown base, ovate, small, slightly longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, 1 median dorsal seta, same length as postpedicel; stylus about four times length of antenna, bare on distal 1 / 7. Postcranium with postocular setae light brown, straight and short at upper portion and longer and proclinate at lower portion of head; postgenal setae yellow. Proboscis light brown; palpus yellow, long, about 1 / 2 length of proboscis, with short, dense and golden setulae, 3 to 4 short and brown ventral setae at basal half and 1 median on external surface and 3 dorsal setae on distal half. Thorax. Prosternum large. Pronotum light brown with brown, elongate marginal setae, and dense pale golden pruinescence. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron and rounded; brown, with posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and postalar callus light brown, subshiny, covered with reddish brown pruinescence, with pale golden pruinescence forming dorsocentral stripe and covering prescutellar disc; setae brown, slender, moderately long and sparse, longer on prescutellar disc; 8 acrostichal series, 1 dorsocentral series; scutellum brown with pale golden pruinescence. Pleura brown with dense golden pruinescence, except slightly darker meron. Chaetotaxy: 3 dc, posterior seta longer and more robust, about 6 long acr, 2 longer and more robust, all on prescutellar disc; 2 long and robust npl, largely separated from each other; 1 very long and robust pal and another short and weak; scutellum with 2 overlapped rows of long setae, anterior row with robust setae, 1 pair apical and 1 longer subapical and 2 lateral setae about 1 / 4 length of apical pair; posterior row with 1 robust apical pair and 5 weak pairs about 1 / 2 length of apical pair. Legs. Elongate with enlarged femora, hind tibia slightly dilated and hind tarsomere 1 enlarged. Light brown except coxae, trochanters, basal 2 / 3 of fore femur and median ring on fore and hind tibiae brown; hind femur brown with light brown subapical ring. Fore tibia with D row of longer and robust setae. Mid femur with AV row of long and robust setae and PV row of more slender setae. Mid-tibia with 4 long PD setae; one sub-basal and one preapical AD seta; 1 preapical AV seta; PV surface with 1 apical, 1 preapical and 1 seta after middle, first two setae more slender and half-length of apical seta; 1 preapical, slender P seta. Hind femur with 1 preapical PV seta; 4 D setae on apical 1 / 3; row of long and robust AD setae; AV row of spine-like setae inserted in small tubercles; V row of spine-like short setae becoming more robust towards apex and inserted on large tubercles. Hind tibia with 1 median seta, 1 more slender seta after middle and 1 preapical AD seta; 1 A preapical and 4 AV setae on apical half stronger than covering setae. Hind tarsomere 1 with AV and V rows of robust setae, ventral setae shorter. Wing (Fig. 115). Sub-hyaline, light brown; pterostigma brown, quadrangular, located at end of R 1, small brownish stain at apex of R 2 + 3 and light brown infuscation at apex of Rs and dm-cu; apex of R 1 slightly curved upwards. Abdomen. About 2.5 times length of thorax. Dark brown with reddish brown pruinescence; setae brown, long and abundant, shorter on dorsum; apical setae of tergites more robust. Tergite 8 short, about twice wider than long, with elongate and strong apical setae, also at membranous portion (Fig. 95); sternite 8 trapezoidal (Fig. 96). Terminalia (Figs 92 – 94): elongate and robust; hypandrium two times longer than wide, with deep distal median invagination forming two lobes with rounded apex directed medially, with long apical seta reaching beyond apex of phallus; epandrial lamella wide, with strong moderately long setae; phallus short and robust with triangular apex and short sclerotized preapical lateral protuberances; postgonite wide, longer than phallus, with inner margin concave and apex curved backwards. Female. As in male. Terminalia (Figs 97, 98): long and narrow; sternite 8 two times longer than wide, narrowed at basal 1 / 3, slightly concave distally, with long and strong apical setae; cerci long and slender, almost as long as tergite 10.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E093A0D6DCB2E5FFEA15631.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ (MZUSP): [BRASIL], KM 47, Est [rada]. Rio-S [ão] Paulo, 4.9.1984, J. Miranda L. Conditions of holotype: good, right posterior leg lost and terminalia dissected. Additional material examined. BRASIL. Amapá, Rio Amapiri, 21. vi. 1993, J. Lane col., Comparado com o tipo, Hol [ótipo] Syneches walkeri, Smith, 1962, Det. Ale-Rocha (1 ♂, INPA); Amazonas, Querari (Pelotão), 1 ° 5 ' N 69 ° 51 ' W, 6. iv. – 16. v. 1993, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Manaus, Res [erva Adolpho] Ducke, Igarapé Barro Branco, Armadilha Malaise 2, 5 – 16. viii. 2004, Henriques A. leg. (1 ♀, INPA); Pará, próximo a Santarém, Fazenda Taperinha, 1 – 11. xi. 1968, Exp. Perm. Amaz. (2 ♀, INPA); Óbidos, sitio Curió, 01 ° 47 ′ 03 ″ S 55 ° 07 ′ 05 ″ W, 29. viii. – 8. ix. 2001, Malaise, J. A. Rafaee & Vidal (1 ♂, INPA); Rondônia, Guajará-Mirim, R [io] Pacaás Novos, 11 ° 11 ′ 13 ″ S 64 ° 51 ′ 21 ″ W, 7 – 11. ix. 1999, J. Vidal (2 ♀, INPA). SURINAME. Raleigh, Vallen-Voltzberg Res. Foengoe, 4 ° 43 ′ S 56 ° 12 ′ W, 26. i. – 15. ii. 1982, J. Carpenter & D. Trail (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas *, Pará *, Rondônia *, Amapá *, Rio de Janeiro), Suriname * (Fig. 123).	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E093A0D6DCB2E5FFEA15631.taxon	discussion	Comments. Some specimens are darker in general coloration, with grey pruinescence and stain on the apex of vein R 2 + 3 more tenuous. Syneches walkeri is similar to S. curvipes, as mentioned above, and can be distinguished from the latter by the wing with brown quadrangular pterostigma located at end of R 1, and brown stains on the apices of veins R 2 + 3 and Rs, apex of vein R 1 slightly curved upwards, and features of the male terminalia. According to Smith (1962), S. walkeri is similar to two species: S. simplex Walker, which occurs in North America, and S. catarinae, described from southern Brazil (Santa Catarina). However, S. walkeri differs from S. simplex mainly by the larger size (S. simplex = 3.0 mm; S. walkeri = 6.3 mm) and aspects of its terminalia; and differs from S. catarinae by the light brown hind tibia with brown median ring, wing with quadrangular pterostigma brown, located at the end of R 1, and small brownish stain at apex of R 2 + 3, (hind tibia yellow with brown apex, wing with elongate pterostigma at the end of R 1 and lacking the stain at the end of R 2 + 3 in S. catarinae) and aspects of the terminalia. This species was described from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and has also been recorded from northern Brazil.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E0B3A0B6DCB2EC3FB24516D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna yellow; palpus yellow and small, about 1 / 4 length of proboscis. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron; dark yellow, with golden pruinescence light brown; pleura yellow, with rounded brown stain on anepisternum; prosternum narrow. Legs slender with fore femur slightly enlarged at basal half, yellow. Wing hyaline, pterostigma inconspicuous.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E0B3A0B6DCB2EC3FB24516D.taxon	description	Description. ♀. Body: 4.0 mm. Wing: 3.3 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant, with sparse and golden pruinescence. Face dark brown. Antenna yellow with whitish golden pruinescence; pedicel with brown marginal setae shorter than half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel small, longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, 1.5 times longer than wide, with 1 long median dorsal seta, longer than length of postpedicel; stylus about three times length of antenna, short setulae, bare on distal 1 / 3. Postcranium with pale-golden pruinescence; postocular setae proclinated. Proboscis dark yellow; palpus yellow, short, about 1 / 4 length of proboscis, with short, golden and dense setulae, with 1 dorsal apical and 1 ventral medial long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum brown with golden pruinescence; with light brown, elongate and sparse marginal setae. Scutum high, globose, same height as mesopleuron; dark yellow, with golden pruinescence; setae brown, very short and sparse, slightly longer on prescutellar disc; about 4 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series. Pleura yellow with rounded brown stain on anepisternum, golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc long and robust and 1 acr long and slender, light brown, on prescutellar disc; 2 npl long and robust; 1 long, robust and yellow pal; scutellum with 1 long and robust subapical pair, apical pair slender about 2 / 3 length of subapical pair and 3 weak lateral setae same length of apical pair. Legs. Slender with fore femur slightly enlarged at basal half and hind tibia slightly dilated. Yellow. Covering setae short and yellow. Mid tibia with 1 AV and 1 PV preapical yellow seta. Hind tibia with 1 preapical PD and 1 apical AV seta. Wing (Fig. 116). Hyaline with inconspicuous pterostigma; apex of vein R 2 + 3 almost straight. Abdomen. About 2.5 times length of thorax. Brown with tergite 1 light brown on anterolateral margin; subshiny with dense reddish brown pruinescence. Covering setae long, brown and sparse, except for dorsal setae, shorter. Terminalia (Figs 99, 100): short; sternite 8 longer than wide, narrowed at basal half, with small medial concavity at apex and short setae; tergite 8 two times longer than wide; cercus ovate, small, 1 / 3 length of tergite 10. Male. Unknown.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E0B3A0B6DCB2EC3FB24516D.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. BRASIL. Amazonas, Manaus, F [azenda]. Esteio, BR- 174, KM 41, 17 - 20. xii. 1993, F. F. Xavier, 1 ♀; PDBFF, WWF, Proj [eto]: Bert Klein, xi. 1984, Malaise, Reserva 1208, 1 ♀; idem, Reserva 1112, 5 ♀; idem, iii. 1986, Reserva 1112, 2 ♀; idem, Reserva 1301, 1 ♀; idem, 16. x. 1984, Reserva 1112, 1 ♀; idem, i. 1985, Reserva 1208, 1 ♀; idem, Reserva 1112, 2 ♀; idem, Reserva 1301, 1 ♀; idem, xii. 1985, Reserva 1210, 1 ♀; Res [erva] KM 41, PDBFF, 02 - 04. ii. 2005, Trilha ABB-SB, R. Querino, 1 ♀ (All deposited in INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 123). Observations. The description of the palpus was based on the paratype because the palpus of holotype is mostly concealed.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E0B3A0B6DCB2EC3FB24516D.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is very similar to S. moraballi but can be distinguished from it by the yellow antenna, light-brown scutum, pleura yellow with brown rounded stain on anepisternum, yellow legs and female terminalia with short and ovate cerci. Associated males are required in order to formally name this species.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E0C3A076DCB2BA2FD75543E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna brown except apex and base of postpedicel light brown; palpus light brown. Scutum high, rounded, dark brown except light brown postalar callus, with rough and dense reddish brown pruinescence; pleura brown except lower portion of anepimeron light brown. Legs brown except fore and mid femora paler apically; fore tibia, apical 2 / 3 of mid tibia and tarsomeres 1 – 4 light brown; fore tibia, hind femur and tarsomere 1 enlarged. Wing hyaline, with tenuous and elongate pterostigma filling up the apex of cell r 1.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E0C3A076DCB2BA2FD75543E.taxon	description	Description. ♀. Body: 3.5 mm. Wing: 3.0 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant, with coarse golden pruinescence. Face brown with dense and gray pruinescence. Antenna with golden short setulae; scape and pedicel brown; pedicel with brown marginal setae, reaching halflength of postpedicel; postpedicel small, longer than length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, about 1.4 times longer than wide, brown with apex and base lighter, 1 median seta longer than length of postpedicel; stylus about 2.5 times length of antenna, with short setulae and bare on distal 1 / 3. Postcranium with coarse golden pruinescence. Proboscis light brown, slightly darker basally; palpus light brown, with short golden and dense setulae, small, about 1 / 3 length of proboscis, with 1 apical, 1 preapical dorsal and 1 medial ventral, long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum dark brown, with brown, sparse and elongate marginal setae. Scutum high, rounded, same height as mesopleuron; dark brown except light brown postalar callus, subshiny with dense and rough reddish brown pruinescence; setae brown, short, longer on prescutellar disc; 4 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series. Pleura brown with lower portion of anepimeron light brown, bearing golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc and 2 acr long and slender on prescutellar disc; 2 long and robust npl; 1 pal; scutellum with long setae, 1 subapical with parallel, long and robust setae, 1 weak apical pair, about 2 / 3 length of subapical pair, and 5 lateral setae, as long and strong as apical pair. Legs. Fore femur and tibia slightly enlarged at basal half, hind femur and tarsomere 1 enlarged. Brown, except apex of fore and mid femora, fore tibia, apical 2 / 3 of mid tibia and tarsomeres 1 – 4 light brown. Fore tibia with long D and PV setae. Tarsomere 1 with PV row of long setae. Mid femur with AV and PV rows of longer and stronger setae at basal half. Mid tibia with 1 AD and 1 AV before middle; AD surface with one seta after middle and one shorter preapical seta; 1 apical PV; 1 apical V longer than tarsomere 1; 1 A and 1 apical AV, all yellow. Mid tarsomere 1 with stronger V and PV setae. Hind femur with 11 robust setae distributed on AV and V surfaces, most apical setae shorter, almost spine-like and inserted on small tubercles. Hind tibia with 1 PD, 1 AD preapical and 1 apical AV seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with 3 A setae. Wing (Fig. 117). Hyaline, with tenuous, almost inconspicuous elongate pterostigma, filling up apex of cell r 1. Abdomen. About 2.5 times length of thorax. Brown, subshiny, with reddish brown pruinescence; brown setae, longer on sides. Terminalia (Figs 101, 102): elongate; sternite 8 long, narrowed on basal 1 / 2, with small medial concavity on apex, with short setae, central portion unsclerotized at basal 1 / 2; tergite 8 two times longer than wide; cercus long and slender, 3 / 4 length of tergite 10. Male. Unknown.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E0C3A076DCB2BA2FD75543E.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. BRASIL. Amazonas, Manaus, PDBFF, WWF, Proj [eto] Bert Klein, iv. 1985, Malaise, Reserva 1210, 4 ♀; idem, x. 1984, Reserva 1112, 3 ♀; idem, vii. 1985, Reserva 1112, 1 ♀; idem, 15. i. 1986, Reserva 1301, 1 ♀; idem, iv. 1985, Reserva 1301, 3 ♀; idem, i. 1985, Reserva 1112, 1 ♀; idem, 18. ix. 1985, Reserva 1301, 1 ♀; idem, v. 1986, Reserva 1301, 1 ♀; idem, iv. 1985, Reserva 1208, 1 ♀; idem, iv. 1986, Reserva 1301, 2 ♀ (all deposited in INPA). Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 123). Observation. The description of the scutellar setae was completed by looking at the paratypes.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
03CD87D99E0C3A076DCB2BA2FD75543E.taxon	discussion	Comments. This new species is similar to S. luteus (Wiedemann, 1830) in having scutum high and rounded, brown, robust setae on hind femur and hyaline wing lacking colored pterostigma. It can be differentiated from S. luteus by more slender hind femur; legs brown with apex of fore and mid femora, fore tibia, apical 2 / 3 of mid tibia and tarsomeres 1 – 4 light brown; hind femur bearing about 11 robust setae distributed on AV and V surfaces. In S. luteus the fore and hind femora are enlarged, the legs are brown and the hind femur with reduced number of setae (2 AV and 3 V). The type of Syneches luteus, from SNG, was studied during the development of this work but so far this species was not registered in the Amazon.	en	Menezes, Isis Sá, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2016): Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 401-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1
