taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CD87D8F641FFF4FE87F5C0FD3397DD.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Pseudosynaleurodicus nigrimarginatus sp. nov. Puparium diagnosis Puparia large, pale sometimes with darker markings, ovoid, covered in thick opaque white wax and lacking a peripuparial fringe in life. Puparia very tall when mature (height equals puparial width) with dorsum and venter widely separated and thin lateral (ventral) cuticle supported by rigid wax palisade (Fig 18). Moulting sutures present. Dorsum Margin with row (s) of pores only. Dorsal disc lacking compound and simple pores. Segmentation clearly defined medially and sometimes reaching margin. Vasiform orifice usually circular to “ D ” shaped. Lingula long, extending just beyond vasiform orifice with one pair of long terminal setae. Second pair of lingula setae present or absent. Cephalothoracic and first abdominal setal pairs present or absent. Eighth abdominal setae present. Longitudinal and transverse moulting sutures present and approaching the margin. Anterior and posterior marginal setae absent. Ve n t e r Legs two­segmented with pedunculate " adhesion pad " or collar with subapical seta or claw. Antenna six­segmented or partially segmented. Adult Of the known adults (only P. nigrimarginatus adults known) both sexes large (wingspan <3 mm), with dusky markings. Wing venation with Sc, forked R, M and Cu present (terminology here and hereafter follows Solomon 1935). Discoidal pores present on abdomen of male. Male with VII extended laterally as flaps.	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F641FFF4FE87F5C0FD3397DD.taxon	etymology	Etymology The name reflects the similarity to species of the genus Synaleurodicus.	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F641FFF4FE87F5C0FD3397DD.taxon	discussion	Discussion The extreme elevation of the maturing fourth instar puparium, to accommodate the development of the large adult, is a characteristic that immediately separates Synaleurodicus and Pseudosynaleurodicus from many other whitefly taxa. Despite other taxa within the Aleurodicinae having large adults, their large puparia are rarely elevated such that the height is equal to the width. As in taxa of the Aleyrodinae, puparia of Pseudosynaleurodicus lack compound pores of any sort and have longitudinal and transverse moulting sutures, although this is not so in Synaleurodicus. Puparia of Pseudosynaleurodicus possess two segmented legs and tarsal segments that resemble claws, and these states are shared with Aleurodicinae. Known adults of Synaleurodicus and Pseudosynaleurodicus share an unusual characteristic of the adult males whereby the seventh abdominal segment is extended laterally and posteriorly as flaps that cover the terminalia. Adult males also have the abdomen and thorax covered in discoid pores in both taxa. The (known) adults of both taxa have jointed antennae. The known adults of Pseudosynaleurodicus differ from Synaleurodicus by the presence of dark coloured patches on the wing near the cubital vein.	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F643FFFDFE87F28FFC2790DD.taxon	description	Puparium pale with dark pigmentation around margin and with variable amount of medial darker markings usually associated with every second abdominal segment and some irregular cephalothoracic markings (Figs 1, 2), dimorphic (Ψ: 1,948 µm long, 1,319 µm wide; ♂: 1,642 µm long, 1,017 µm wide). Lacking peripuparial wax fringe. Dorsum and margin covered in opaque wax. Thick wax supporting the marginal palisading (Fig. 1) Dorsum lacking compound or simple pores. Margin finely crenulate, each crenulation with a glandular pore. Abdominal depressions paired and visible medially on all abdominal segments. Abdominal segmentation just visible medially, VII equivalent in length to preceding segments. Longitudinal and transverse moulting sutures more or less straight and reaching margin (Fig. 2). Vasiform orifice rounded to elliptical, it and its surrounds darkly pigmented and situated less than 1.5 vasiform orifice lengths from margin (Fig. 2). The vasiform orifice not elevated (Fig. 5). Operculum circular to rounded rectangular, covering anterior half of vasiform orifice, posterior margin straight or very narrowly “ M ” shaped. Lingula just excluded, head broad at base and tapering to a narrow tip. Lingula with 2 pairs of setae, one long pair terminally and a (hard to see) subterminal shorter pair (Figs 5, 7). Caudal furrow absent. Chaetotaxy 15 or 16 pairs of minute lanceolate setae on the extreme outer submargin. Anterior marginal setal pair present but situated ventrally and difficult to see. Posterior marginal setae absent. Cephalothoracic setae absent. First abdominal setae absent. Eighth abdominal setae present but minute and situated anterior of the vasiform orifice. Puparium — venter Ventral cuticle pale. Legs two­segmented and unsclerotised (Fig. 6). Terminal leg segment has a protruding articulation from which a curved claw arises. Basal seta present mesad to mid and hind leg. 2 or 3 minute setae present on anterior aspect of hind legs. Antennae situated anterior mesad of fore legs. Antenna short, only coming to base of fore leg (both sexes) and unsclerotised, partially segmented with two or three basal segments and the distal part creased (Fig. 6). 4 pairs of spiracles present on venter with the two cephalothoracic pairs more or less the same size as the abdominal 2 pairs. Ventral abdominal setae absent. Caudal and thoracic tracheal folds very faintly indicated, lacking stippling. Adult Large with pale mealy complexion with some slightly darker brown pigmentation on spots, margins and veins of wings and at abdominal and thoracic segmental margins (Fig. 13). Adult ♂ about 3800 µm long, wing length 3406 µm (n = 2). Adult Ψ 3,360 µm long, wing length 3,980 µm (n = 3). Wing shape similar in both sexes, elongate ovoid to rounded quadrilateral in shape (Fig. 13). Fore wing venation for both sexes typical for genus with thick costal vein supported basally by Sc although lacking a pterostigma, forked R, M and Cu veins present. R is forked mid vein, with R 1 recurved strongly towards costal margin and curving to meet costal margin at an acute angle. Branch Rm curving distally near margin. Anal vein absent (Fig. 13). Two darkly pigmented and patterned patches are present on the Cu veins of wings of both sexes (Figs 8,9). These patches are conspicuous on live adults, are not diminished by bleaching and may possibly perform some function other than visual. Hind wings similar in shape to fore with recurving branched R conspicuous. Antenna seven segmented, III – VII narrow and elongate each with many rows of concentric rings of microtrichia (Fig. 11). Antennal segment VII with terminal seta. Tarsal claw with a ventrally directed paronychium. Paronychium appears as stout terminal seta on a ventrally directed callosity which has a number of smaller setae present subterminally. Abdomen of both sexes with four pairs of ventral wax plates. (Fig. 10 male). Vasiform orifice subcircular to “ D ” shaped. Operculum subcircular with posterior margin somewhat straight and bearing one pair of long setae. Lingula extends just beyond posterior margin, is rounded spinulose with only one long pair of lingula setae. Male — abdominal VII with remarkable lateral appendages protruding posteriorly 820 µm from segment (Fig. 14). Male thoracic and abdominal segments with abundant discoidal pores (Fig. 14) which are not present in female. Claspers and aedaegus thickened basally. Aedaegus narrowing apically and curved vertically towards the tip (Fig. 15). Claspers broad and rounded with a number of stout setae on their internal and external faces. One large internally directed acute spur is present on each clasper (Fig. 15). 3 rd instar larva Larva flat (height <10 % larval width) (Fig. 4). Similar colouration to puparia. Peripuparial fringe of white wax present and conspicuous (Fig. 4). Dorsum with flocculent white wax produced medially and patches of whitish wax nearer the margins (Fig. 4). Egg Large 390 µm long, 180 µm wide attached by short peduncle to leaf surface. The eggs are pale in colour and have the shape of an inverted flask (Fig. 12). FIGURE 4. P. nigrimarginatus 3 rd instar image (scalebar = 1 mm).	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F643FFFDFE87F28FFC2790DD.taxon	distribution	Distribution Australia. Queensland. Host Plants	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F643FFFDFE87F28FFC2790DD.taxon	description	Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell. (Proteaceae).	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F643FFFDFE87F28FFC2790DD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype puparium slide: ex Macadamia ternifolia, Manorina, D’Aguilar N. P., S. E. Queensland, 21 July 2004, P. S. Gillespie, B. C. McNeil & M. Coombs, 27.38770 o S 152.78439 o E ASCT 00131948 [QM]. Paratypes — slides — 1 x puparium slide, same data as holotype ASCT 00131830, 1 x adult ɗ (ASCT 00131842), 1 x adult Ψ (ASCT 00131841) Bred ex pupae on Macadamia ternifolia, Manorina, D’Aguilar N. P. near Brisbane Qld, Coombs, McNeil & Gillespie, Aug 2004 [ASCU]; 5 x ɗ puparia slides, 6 x Ψ puparia slides, 1 x 3 rd, 3 x 2 nd instar nymph slides, Mt Nebo, Qld, 16 July 2004, Coombs & McNeil ex Macadamia ternifolia STRf [ANIC], 1 x puparia slide, same data as holotype (ASCT 00131829) [BMNH] — dry material — 28 x puparia / 4 th instar and 40 x nymphs on 14 leaf or leaf fragments (ASCT 00131935, ASCT 00131936) [ASCU] — adults (ethanol) 4 x Ψ, 1 x ɗ Mt Nebo, Qld, 21 July 2004, Coombs, McNeil & Gillespie (ASCT 00025262) [ASCU].	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F643FFFDFE87F28FFC2790DD.taxon	discussion	Comments In addition to the characters mentioned in the key the characteristic shape and distinctive markings of the live puparia as well as their presence on the underside of leaves, the two dark spots on the forewing of the adult should easily allow the identification of this species which appears to be highly host specific. The extreme elevation of the fourth instar puparium (Fig. 1) contrasts with the flatness of early fourth instars (Fig. 3). This species is known only from the rare plant, M. ternifolia, which is restricted to the rainforests of SE Qld. This plant is not used for commercial macadamia nut breeding. Five species of Macadamia are present in Australia, two of which have been used widely for horticultural germplasm for commercial macadamia nut production. P. nigrimarginatus has never turned up as a pest of these two plant species, although an undescribed species of Aleurocanthus has been recorded several times from commercial macadamia nut plantations and was also found amongst samples of P. nigrimarginatus. Other non­commercial species of Macadamia, such as M. praealta and M. wickhamii should also be examined as potential host plants for this species.	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F64BFFE2FE87F599FE1A936D.taxon	description	Puparium pale, 824 µm long x 568 µm wide. Mature puparia tall, about as tall as wide (Fig. 18). Thin but well defined puparial margin of several layers of irregularly placed small ' papilla­like' pores (Fig. 20). Margin at segmental joints showing gap in papillose glands (Fig. 20). No marginal modifications at caudal and tracheal openings. No compound pores present anywhere on dorsum or venter (Figs 16, 17, 19) No simple pores on dorsal disc. Transverse moulting sutures present reaching subdorsum, more or less straight and submedially slightly curved anteriorly (Fig. 21). Longitudinal moulting suture present and reaching puparial margin (Fig. 19). Abdomen with 8 subequal segments visible medially. Segmental divisions reaching submargin (Fig. 19). Submedial depressions found in pairs on anterior margins of all body segments except I where they are displaced anteriorly and not associated with segmental margin and VIII where they occur on anterior edge of segment. Depressions roughly circular, larger depressions two to three faceted (Fig. 19). Vasiform orifice rounded and little if at all elevated. Vasiform orifice distant from posterior margin by 1.5 times orifice width (Fig. 20). Vasiform orifice recessed posteriorly to accommodate tip of lingula head. Lingula spinulose, rounded at base narrowing posteriorly to a point, exposed, apex protruding beyond vasiform orifice (Fig. 20). Lingula with one pair of long setae (Fig. 20). Operculum rounded, slightly wider than long nearly filling vasiform orifice (Fig. 20). Caudal furrow absent. FIGURE 12. P. nigrimarginatus Chaetotaxy Thirteen pairs of minute acuminate setae occur on the outer submargin, each pair associated with a ' segment' with exception of first cephalothoracic segment which has three or four setae (Fig. 19). Three pairs of small setae present subdorsally, one in each cephalothoracic segment (Fig. 19). Pairs of small setae present or absent from abdominal segments I and II, where present they are located sub dorsally on segment II whilst slightly more medial on segment I. Dorsal setal pair on segment VIII absent (Fig. 19). Anterior marginal setal pair lacking. Posterior marginal setal pair present and longer than all other setae. Puparium — venter Ventral cuticle pale. Legs two segmented, with darker cuticle than rest of venter (Fig. 21). Legs with ' adhesion pads' of unusual character being pedunculate bulliform or collared organs and each with a minute terminal seta (Fig. 21). Legs with two or three minute setae anteriorly at base of the segment (Fig. 21) and a larger setae medial of mid and hind leg. Ventral abdominal setae present and almost as long as posterior marginal setae. Antennae short, about as long as front legs, apparently six segmented, unpigmented (Fig. 21). Four pairs of ventral spiracles; two cephalothoracic and two abdominal. Anterior ventral spiracle pair placed lateral to front legs. First thoracic and second abdominal ventral spiracle pairs smaller than other spiracles. Long tracheal tubes come from the ventral spiracles into the body.	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F64BFFE2FE87F599FE1A936D.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named after Russell Mayo, who has provided the author with encouragement and support as well as providing the entomological community with detailed skills and insights of his own.	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F64BFFE2FE87F599FE1A936D.taxon	distribution	Distribution Australia. Western Australia. Host Plants	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F64BFFE2FE87F599FE1A936D.taxon	description	Banksia petiolaris F. Muell. (Proteaceae). FIGURE 19. P. m a y o i FIGURE 20. P. m a y o i	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F64BFFE2FE87F599FE1A936D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype puparium slide, Western Australia, Nowergup, Neerabup National Park, ex leaves Banksia petiolaris. 27. ix. 2002. 31 o 38.363 ' S 115 o 43.736 ' E, P. S. Gillespie (ASCT 00024757) (ASCU). Paratypes, 1 x slide mounted puparium (ASCT 00024758), 6 x puparia on 4 leaves in dry collection all same collection data as holotype (ASCT 00024756) (ASCU); 1 x slide mounted puparium — same data as holotype (BMNH), 1 x slide mounted puparium, Yanchep WA, Banksia petiolaris, 208 (# 31) [P. J. DeBarro] (ANIC).	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
03CD87D8F64BFFE2FE87F599FE1A936D.taxon	discussion	Comments Unfortunately no adults were reared from this series. As in P. nigrimarginatus, the puparia of P. m a y o i have a narrow marginal band of simple pores on an otherwise unremarkable dorsum, although abdominal divisions are conspicuous and reach the margin. Distinctive features of this species are the notched vasiform orifice which accommodates the slender spinulose lingula, and the emarginate bulla on the claws. Such features are not found in any related taxa. Discussion Puparia of Pseudosynaleurodicus share the following character states with Synaleurodicus: large size of puparia, elevated with high waxy palisades surrounding the lateral surfaces of the pupa, two segmented legs, segmented antennae, size and placement of ventral spiracles, shape and size of spinulose lingula, and presence of submedial depressions. The puparia for all Western Australian material of Synaleurodicus and Pseudosynaleurodicus share a similar situation, being found on the exposed dorsal leaf surfaces of the host. The host ranges are all restricted to the Proteaceae (Hakea, Banksia and Macadamia). Some differences of Pseudosynaleurodicus from Synaleurodicus, apart from those mentioned in the key, include presence of a notched or recessed vasiform orifice, the presence of lingula setae, and an operculum more rounded and only slightly wider than long.	en	Gillespie, Peter S. (2006): A new genus and two new species of whiteflies from Australia (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa 1306: 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173737
