identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CD87E02454FFC83D862F1009C7FDAF.text	03CD87E02454FFC83D862F1009C7FDAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinoderes multiporus Yamasaki & Neuhaus & George 2018	<div><p>Echinoderes multiporus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2–7; Tables 2, 3)</p><p>Diagnosis. Echinoderes with middorsal acicular spines on segments 4, 6, and 8; ventrolateral tubes on segment 2; lateroventral tubes on segment 5; lateroventral acicular spines on segments 6–9; midlateral tubes on segment 10; type-2 glandular cell outlets in subdorsal position on segment 2 and in laterodorsal position on segments 4–9.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is composed of the Latin multi (many) and Latin porus (pore), referring to the type-2 glandular cell outlets on most segments.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: Adult male (ZMB 11590), collected at station 1127 on the Eratosthenes Seamount (Fig. 1A, D; Table 1), mounted as glycerol-paraffin slide on a Cobb aluminum frame.</p><p>Paratypes: four adult females and two adult males (ZMB 11591a–11591f), collected at station 1095 on the Eratosthenes Seamount; one adult female and one adult male (ZMB 11592a, 11592b), collected at station 1100 on the Eratosthenes Seamount (Fig. 1A, D; Table 1). All paratypes mounted as glycerol-paraffin slides on Cobb aluminum frames.</p><p>Additional material: one adult female and three adult males, collected at station 1095 on the Eratosthenes Seamount (Fig. 1A, D; Table 1), mounted on an aluminum stub for SEM observations (ZMB 11591g –11591j).</p><p>Type locality. Eratosthenes Seamount (33°49'49.80"N, 32°47'49.20"E), 991 m depth (Fig. 1A, D; Table 1).</p><p>Description. Adult with head, neck, and eleven trunk segments (Figs 2A, B, 3A, 4A, B). See Table 2 for measurements. Table 3 indicates the positions of cuticular structures (sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, spines, tubes, and sieve plates).</p><p>Head consisting of retractable mouth cone and introvert. Mouth cone with inner oral styles and nine outer oral styles. Introvert composed of one ring of primary scalids, several rings of spinoscalids, and one ring of trichoscalids. Exact number and arrangement of inner and outer oral styles and scalids not traceable because of withdrawn head in all examined specimens.</p><p>Neck with 16 placids (Figs 2A, B, 3B, 4C, D). Midventral placid broadest. Remaining placids similar in size. Two trichoscalid plates present ventrally and four dorsally.</p><p>Segment 1 consisting of complete cuticular ring. This and following nine segments with thick pachycyclus at anterior margin of each segment (Figs 2A–D, 4A, B). Pachycyclus interrupted middorsally in segments 2–10 as well as at tergosternal junctions in segments 3–10. Sensory spots located in subdorsal and laterodorsal position (Figs 2A, B, 3B, 4C). A couple of hairs present beside each sensory spot (Fig. 3D). Several additional hairs sparsely distributed. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in middorsal and lateroventral position (Figs 2A, B, 3C, 4C, D). Posterior part of this and following nine segments with primary pectinate fringe (Figs 2A–D, 3C–D, 4D, 5A). Pectinate fringe teeth of primary pectinate fringe on this segment medium in length.</p><p>Segment 2 with complete cuticular ring as segment 1. Ventrolateral tubes present (Figs 2A, 3C, 4D, 5A). Few cuticular hairs rising from perforation sites in central to posterior area of this and following seven segments (Figs 3C–D, 4C, D, 5A, 6A–C, 7A, B, D). Sensory spots present in middorsal, laterodorsal and ventromedial position (Figs 2A, B, 3C–E). Type-1 glandular cell outlet present in middorsal and ventromedial position (Figs 2A, B, 4C). Type-2 glandular cell outlets in subdorsal position (Figs 2B, 4A, C). Primary pectinate fringe on this and following six segments similar to fringe on segment 1, but with slightly longer pectinate fringe teeth in midlateral to ventrolateral area (Figs 2A, 3C, E).</p><p>Segment 3 and following eight segments consisting of one tergal and two sternal plates. Sensory spots present in subdorsal and sublateral position (Figs 2A, B, 3E, 4C, D). Type-1 glandular cell outlets situated in middorsal and ventromedial position (Figs 2A, B, 4C).</p><p>Segment 4 with middorsal acicular spine (Figs 2B, 3E, 4A, C). No sensory spots present. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present paradorsal and ventromedial position (Figs 2A, B, 4C). Type-2 glandular cell outlets present laterodorsally (Figs 2B, 3E, F, 4A, C).</p><p>Segment 5 with lateroventral tubes (Figs 2A, 4D, 5A, 6B). Sensory spots absent. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in middorsal and ventromedial position (Figs 2A, 6B). Type-2 glandular cell outlets present in laterodorsal position (Figs 2B, 4A, C, 6A).</p><p>Segment 6 with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines (Figs 2A, B, 4A, 5A, 6A–C, 7A, B). Sensory spots present in midlateral position (Figs 2A, B, 6A). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present paradorsally and ventromedially (Figs 2A, B, 6B). Type-2 glandular cell outlets present in laterodorsal position (Figs 2B, 4A, C, 6A, C).</p><p>Segment 7 with lateroventral acicular spines (Figs 2A, 4B, 6B, D). Sensory spots present in ventromedial position (Figs 2B, 6B, 7B). Midlateral sensory spots confirmed for six out of twelve specimens. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present middorsally and ventromedially (Figs 2A, B, 6C, D). Type-2 glandular cell outlets present in laterodorsal position (Figs 2B, 4A, 6A, C, 7A).</p><p>Segment 8 similar to segment 6, except for the presence of ventromedial papillae in females (Figs 2A–D, 4A, B, 5B, 6A, C, D, 7A–C). Papillae visible only in SEM, but appearing as funnel-shaped subcuticular structures without large pore visible below papillae in LM (Fig. 5B).</p><p>Segment 9 with lateroventral acicular spines (Figs 2A, C, 5B, 6D, 7D, E). Paradorsal, midlateral, and ventrolateral sensory spots present (Figs 2A–D, 5B, 6C, D, 7D). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position (Figs 2A–D, 5B, 6C, D). Type-2 glandular cell outlets present laterodorsally (Figs 2B, D, 4A, 6C, 7A, D). Small rounded sieve plates present in lateral accessory position (Figs 2A, D, 4B, 6D). Primary pectinate fringe with quite shorter pectinate fringe teeth than fringe on preceding segment.</p><p>Segment 10 with midlateral tubes (Figs 2B, D, 4B, 7D–F). No cuticular hairs present. Subdorsal and ventrolateral sensory spots present (Figs 2A–D, 5B, 7D, F, G). Two type-1 glandular cell outlets aligned middorsally (Fig. 2B, D). Additional pair of type-1 glandular cell outlets present in ventromedial position. Primary pectinate fringe similar to preceding segment.</p><p>Segment 11 with lateral terminal spines (Figs 2A–D, 4A, B, 5B, 7D–G). Two pairs of thin and long penile spines present in males, and one pair of lateral terminal accessory spines present in females (Figs 2A–D, 5B, 6D, 7D–G). Subdorsal and ventromedial sensory spots present (Figs 2A–D, 7F, G). Type-1 glandular cell outlet present middorsally (Fig. 2B, D). Posterior edges of sternal plates rounded with thin pectinate fringe teeth (Figs 2A, C, 7G). Posterior edge of tergal plate protruding subdorsally, forming long pointed tergal extensions (Figs 2B, D, 7D, F, G).</p><p>Remarks. Based on the spine and tube pattern having middorsal acicular spines only on segments 4, 6, and 8, lateroventral acicular spines on segments 6–9, ventrolateral tubes on segment 2, lateroventral tubes on segment 5, and midlateral tubes on segment 10, and lacking lateral accessory tubes on segment 8, Echinoderes multiporus sp. nov. is similar to E. bermudensis Higgins, 1982, E. joyceae Landers &amp; Sørensen, 2016, and Echinoderes apex Yamasaki et al., 2018 (Higgins 1982; Landers &amp; Sørensen 2016; Yamasaki et al. in press). However, the new species can be easily distinguished from the above mentioned three species by the presence of type-2 glandular cell outlets on segments 2 and 3–9 (type-2 glandular cell outlets are present on segments 2, 6, and 8 in E. joyceae and the undescribed species, but absent in E. bermudensis). Echinoderes multiporus sp. nov. is the only Echinoderes species with the laterodorsal type-2 glandular cell outlets on most of the segments.</p><p>The presence of only two pairs of penile spines found in males of Echinoderes multiporus sp. nov. is also the rare character among the congeners. Males of Echinoderes species usually have three pairs of penile spine, whereas two pairs of penile spines have been found in the following ten species together with E. multiporus sp. nov.: Echinoderes . aureus Adrianov et al., 2002; Echinoderes . astridae Sørensen, 2014; Echinoderes . cavernus Sørensen et al., 2000; Echinoderes kristenseni Higgins, 1985; Echinoderes lanceolatus Chang &amp; Song, 2002; Echinoderes newcaledoniensis Higgins, 1967; Echinoderes . marthae Sørensen, 2014; Echinoderes maxwelli (Omer-Cooper, 1957); Echinoderes remanei (Blake, 1930); and Echinoderes . rex Lundbye et al., 2011 (see Higgins 1964, 1967, 1985; Sørensen et al. 2000; Adrianov et al. 2002; Chang &amp; Song 2002; Lundbye et al. 2011; Sørensen 2014). Despite the presence of only two pairs of penile spines in these species, the species do not agree in most of the other morphological characters, i.e., the shape and the patterns of spines, tubes, and type-2 glandular cell outlets. It can be supposed that only two pairs of penile spines evolved repeatedly independently within the genus. However, the morphological evolution of Echinoderes is still open to question due to the lack of knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships within the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87E02454FFC83D862F1009C7FDAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yamasaki, Hiroshi;Neuhaus, Birger;George, Kai Horst	Yamasaki, Hiroshi, Neuhaus, Birger, George, Kai Horst (2018): New species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mediterranean seamounts and from the deep-sea floor in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, including notes on two undescribed species. Zootaxa 4387 (3): 541-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.8
03CD87E0245DFFD23D862DF609C1FF37.text	03CD87E0245DFFD23D862DF609C1FF37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinoderes unispinosus Yamasaki & Neuhaus & George 2018	<div><p>Echinoderes unispinosus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 8–10; Tables 4, 5)</p><p>Diagnosis. Echinoderes with middorsal acicular spine on segment 4; lateroventral acicular spines on segments 6 and 7; type-2 glandular cell outlets present in midlateral position on segment 1, in subdorsal, laterodorsal, sublateral, and ventrolateral position on segment 2, in lateral accessory position on segment 5, and in sublateral position on segment 8; narrow pectinate fringe teeth of primary pectinate fringe similar in width on segments 1–10; tergal extension long and smoothly pointed posteriorly.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is composed of the Latin uni (one) and Latin spina (spine), referring the species with only one middorsal acicular spine.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: Adult female (ZMB 11587), collected at station 742 in the deep-sea plain near the Sedlo Seamount (Fig. 1A, B; Table 1), mounted as glycerol-paraffin slide on a Cobb aluminum frame.</p><p>Paratypes: Three adult females and two adult males (ZMB 11588, 11589a–11589c), collected at the same station to the holotype. All paratypes mounted as glycerol-paraffin slides on Cobb aluminum frames.</p><p>Type locality. Deep-sea plain near the Sedlo Seamount (39°50'0.00"N, 26°17'54.00"W), 2,875 m depth (Fig. 1A, B; Table 1).</p><p>Description. Adult with head, neck, and eleven trunk segments (Fig. 8A, B). See Table 4 for measurements. Table 5 indicates the positions of cuticular structures (sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, spines, and sieve plate).</p><p>Head consisting of retractable mouth cone and introvert. Mouth cone with inner oral styles and nine outer oral styles. Introvert composed of several rings of spinoscalids and one ring of trichoscalids. Exact number and arrangement of inner and outer oral styles and scalids not examined.</p><p>Neck with 16 placids (Fig. 8A, B). Midventral placid broadest. Remaining placids similar in size. Two trichoscalid plates present ventrally and four dorsally.</p><p>Segment 1 consisting of complete cuticular ring. This and following nine segments with thick pachycyclus at anterior margin. Pachycyclus interrupted middorsally in segments 2–10 as well as at tergosternal junctions in segments 3–10. With few cuticular hairs irregularly arranged on the segment, especially concentrated around sensory spots (Fig. 8A). All cuticular hairs on this and following nine segments thin and ca. 4–8 µm in length. Sensory spots located centrally on segment in subdorsal and laterodorsal position (Figs 8A, 9B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets situated in middorsal and lateroventral position (Figs 8A, 9A, B). Additional type-1 glandular cell outlets present sublaterally in four out of six examined specimens. Type-2 glandular cell outlets present in midlateral position (Fig. 8A, 9C). Posterior part of this and following nine segments with primary pectinate fringe (Figs 8A–D, 9A, B, D). Pectinate fringe teeth of primary pectinate fringes on this and following eight segments similar in length and width (Fig. 9A, B, D).</p><p>Segment 2 with complete cuticular ring as segment 1. With numerous cuticular hairs aligning on three to four lines on entire segment (Fig. 8A, B). Sensory spots present in middorsal, laterodorsal, and ventromedial position (Figs 8A, B, 9A, B). Type-1 glandular cell outlet in middorsal position (Fig. 8A). Type-1 glandular cell outlets on ventral side not examined because free flap of preceding segment covering the relevant area. Type-2 glandular cell outlets in subdorsal, laterodorsal, sublateral, and ventrolateral position (Figs 8A, B, 9A, B).</p><p>Segment 3 and following eight segments consisting of one tergal and two sternal plates. This and following seven segments entirely covered with cuticular hairs except for midventral and paraventral area (Fig. 8A, B). Sensory spots present subdorsally (Fig. 8A). Type-1 glandular cell outlets situated in middorsal and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B).</p><p>Segment 4 with middorsal short acicular spine (Figs 8A, 9B). No sensory spots present. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present paradorsal and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B).</p><p>Segment 5 with sensory spots in subdorsal, midlateral, and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in middorsal and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B). Type-2 glandular cell outlets present in lateral accessory position (Figs 8B, 9A).</p><p>Segment 6 with lateroventral short acicular spines (Figs 8B, 9D). Sensory spots present in paradorsal, midlateral, and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present paradorsally and ventromedially (Fig. 8A, B).</p><p>Segment 7 with lateroventral short acicular spines, as in segment 6 (Figs 8B, 9D). Sensory spots present in subdorsal, midlateral, and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in middorsal and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B).</p><p>Segment 8 with paradorsal and ventromedial sensory spots (Fig. 8A, B). Additional subdorsal sensory spots observed in two out of six examined specimens (Fig. 8A). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B). Type-2 glandular cell outlets situated sublaterally (Figs 8B, 10A).</p><p>Segment 9 with paradorsal, laterodorsal, and ventrolateral sensory spots (Fig. 8A, B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position (Fig. 8A, B). Small rounded sieve plates present in sublateral position (Fig. 8B).</p><p>Segment 10 with subdorsal and ventrolateral sensory spots (Fig. 8A–D). Two type-1 glandular cell outlets aligned middorsally (Fig. 8A, C: please note that one of the glandular cell outlets is hidden under the pectinate fringe of the previous segment in Fig. 8A). Additional pairs of type-1 glandular cell outlets present in ventromedial position (Fig. 8B, D). Pectinate fringe teeth of primary pectinate fringe in ventromedial to midventral area longer than those on middorsal to ventrolateral area.</p><p>Segment 11 with lateral terminal spines (Figs 8A–D, 10A–C). Lateral terminal accessory spines present only in females (Figs 8A, B, 10A, B). Three pairs of penile spines present in males (Figs 8C, D, 10C). Dorsal and ventral penile spines long and tube-like, whereas middle penile spines stout and triangular-shaped. Sensory spots in subdorsal position. Two type-1 glandular cell outlets present tandemly in middorsal position. Posterior parts of sternal plates curved and end with primary pectinate fringe (Figs 8B, D, 10B, C). Tergal plate extending laterally and forming tergal extensions (Figs 8A, C, 10B, C). Each extension pointed posteriorly with a broader base tapering towards the tip (Fig 10C).</p><p>Remarks. Echinoderes unispinosus sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from the other congeners by the combination of having a middorsal acicular spine only on segment 4 and lateroventral acicular spines on segments 6 and 7, and lacking any tube. No other Echinoderes species has this spine and tube pattern. Other Echinoderes with only a single middorsal acicular spine on segment 4 include 13 species: Echinoderes ajax Sørensen, 2014; Echinoderes annae Sørensen et al., 2016; Echinoderes cantabricus Pardos et al., 1998; Echinoderes capitatus (Zelinka, 1928); Echinoderes charlotteae Sørensen et al., 2016; Echinoderes isabelae G a Ordóñez et al., 2008; E. maxwelli; Echinoderes ohtsukai Yamasaki &amp; Kajihara, 2012; Echinoderes regina Yamasaki, 2016; Echinoderes reicherti Neves et al., 2016; E. rex; Echinoderes serratulus Yamasaki, 2016; Echinoderes teretis Brown, 1999 in Adrianov &amp; Malakhov (1999) (see Zelinka 1928; Omer-Cooper 1957; Brown 1985; Pardos et al. 1998; Adrianov &amp; Malakhov 1999; G a Ordóñez et al. 2008; Lundbye et al. 2011; Yamasaki &amp; Kajihara 2012; Sørensen 2014; Herranz &amp; Leander 2016; Neves et al. 2016; Sørensen et al. 2016a, b; Yamasaki 2016). But E. unispinosus sp. nov.</p><p>is distinguishable from all these species in lacking any spine or tube laterally on segments 5 and 8. In addition, the presence of the midlateral type-2 glandular cell outlets has been known in none of the other congeners, and is a unique character for E. unispinosus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87E0245DFFD23D862DF609C1FF37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yamasaki, Hiroshi;Neuhaus, Birger;George, Kai Horst	Yamasaki, Hiroshi, Neuhaus, Birger, George, Kai Horst (2018): New species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mediterranean seamounts and from the deep-sea floor in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, including notes on two undescribed species. Zootaxa 4387 (3): 541-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.8
03CD87E02447FFD73D8629770F09FC4F.text	03CD87E02447FFD73D8629770F09FC4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinoderes Yamasaki & Neuhaus & George 2018	<div><p>Echinoderes sp. 1</p><p>(Fig. 11; Tables 6, 7)</p><p>Material examined. One adult female (ZMB 11593) collected at station 930 on Anaximenes Seamount, and one specimen of undetermined sex (ZMB 11594) collected at station 891 on Anaximenes Seamount (Fig. 1A, C; Table 1). All specimens mounted as glycerol-paraffin slides on Cobb aluminum frames.</p><p>Brief description. Adult with head, neck, and eleven trunk segments. See Table 6 for measurements and Table 7 for positions of cuticular structures (sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, spines, and sieve plate).</p><p>Head consisting of retractable mouth cone and introvert. Mouth cone with inner oral styles and nine outer oral styles. Introvert composed of several rings of spinoscalids and one ring of trichoscalids. Exact number and arrangement of inner and outer oral styles and scalids not examined.</p><p>Neck with 16 placids. Midventral placid broadest. Remaining placids similar in size.</p><p>Segment 1 consisting of complete cuticular ring. This and following nine segments with thick pachycyclus at anterior margin. Pachycyclus interrupted middorsally in segments 2–10 as well as at tergosternal junctions in segments 3–10. Sensory spots located centrally in subdorsal and laterodorsal position (Fig. 11B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets situated in middorsal and lateroventral position (Fig. 11B). Type-2 glandular cell outlets present in midlateral position (Fig. 11C). Posterior part of this and following nine segments with primary pectinate fringe (Fig. 11D). Pectinate fringe teeth of primary pectinate fringes on this segment broader than those on following nine segments (Fig. 11D).</p><p>Segment 2 with complete cuticular ring as segment 1. Sensory spots present in middorsal and ventromedial position. Type-1 glandular cell outlet in middorsal position. Type-2 glandular cell outlets in subdorsal, laterodorsal, sublateral, and ventrolateral position (Fig. 11A, B, D).</p><p>Segment 3 and following eight segments consisting of one tergal and two sternal plates. Sensory spots present subdorsally and sublaterally (Fig. 11D). Type-1 glandular cell outlets situated in middorsal position.</p><p>Segment 4 with middorsal acicular spine (Fig. 11B). Sensory spots in subdorsal position. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present paradorsal and ventromedial position.</p><p>Segment 5 with sensory spots in subdorsal, midlateral, and ventromedial position (Fig. 11B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in middorsal and ventromedial position. Type-2 glandular cell outlets present in lateral accessory position.</p><p>Segment 6 with lateroventral acicular spines (Fig. 11A, E). Sensory spots present in paradorsal, midlateral, and ventromedial position. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present paradorsally and ventromedially.</p><p>Segment 7 with lateroventral acicular spines (Fig. 11A, E). Sensory spots present in subdorsal, midlateral, and ventromedial position (Fig. 11B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in middorsal and ventromedial position.</p><p>Segment 8 with paradorsal and laterodorsal sensory spots (Fig. 11B). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position. Type-2 glandular cell outlets situated in sublateral position (Fig. 11A).</p><p>Segment 9 with paradorsal, laterodorsal, and ventrolateral sensory spots (Fig. 11A, F). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position. Small rounded sieve plates (nephridial openings) present in sublateral position.</p><p>Segment 10 with subdorsal and ventrolateral sensory spots. Two type-1 glandular cell outlets aligned middorsally. Additional pair of type-1 glandular cell outlets present in ventromedial position.</p><p>Segment 11 with lateral terminal spines (Fig. 11A, F). Lateral terminal accessory spines present in female specimen (Fig. 11F). Tergal plate extending laterally and forming tergal extensions.</p><p>Remarks. Echinoderes sp. 1 is similar to E. unispinosus sp. nov. in having acicular spines only in middorsal position on segment 4 and in lateroventral position on segments 6 and 7. There is no other species with such a spine formula. In addition, the positions of type-2 glandular cell outlets are completely identical in the two species. These similarities suggest the close relationship between the two species.</p><p>Despite these similarities, we did not assign Echinoderes sp. 1 to Echinoderes unispinosus sp. nov. but assume it to represent another undescribed species because of several morphological differences between the two species: Echinoderes sp. 1 is smaller in trunk length than E. unispinosus sp. nov. (219 µm in Echinoderes sp. 1, whereas 265–305 µm in E. unispinosus sp. nov.), in Echinoderes sp. 1 the pectinate fringe teeth of the primary pectinate fringe on segment 1 are broader than those on the other segments of this species, whereas the width of the pectinate fringe teeth is similar on all segments in E. unispinosus sp. nov. (compare Fig. 9A and Fig. 11D), sublateral sensory spots on segment 3 and subdorsal sensory spots on segment 4 are present in Echinoderes sp. 1, whereas such spots are absent in E. unispinosus sp. nov., and ventromedial sensory spots on segment 8 are absent in Echinoderes sp. 1, whereas such spots are present in E. unispinosus sp. nov. However, the difference in size and the presence/absence of sensory spots may just originate from variation in one and the same species. Such variations were revealed in other kinorhynch species, e.g., Campyloderes cf. vanhoeffeni Zelinka, 1913, Cateria gerlachi Higgins, 1968, Cateria styx Gerlach, 1956, Centroderes barbanigra Neuhaus et al., 2014, Ce. drakei Neuhaus et al., 2014, Ce. readae Neuhaus et al., 2014, Ce. spinosus (Reinhard, 1881) (Neuhaus et al. 2013, 2014; Neuhaus &amp; Sørensen 2013; Neuhaus &amp; Kegel 2015). The variation within these species was investigated based on a larger amount of specimens, whereas a very limited amount of specimens of E. unispinosus sp. nov. and of Echinoderes sp. 1 are available for the current study. Furthermore, all specimens of Echinoderes sp. 1 in this study broke during the preparation. Thus, we hesitate to formally describe the species as a new species in this paper. We hope the species will be named as a new species when further material will become available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87E02447FFD73D8629770F09FC4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yamasaki, Hiroshi;Neuhaus, Birger;George, Kai Horst	Yamasaki, Hiroshi, Neuhaus, Birger, George, Kai Horst (2018): New species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mediterranean seamounts and from the deep-sea floor in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, including notes on two undescribed species. Zootaxa 4387 (3): 541-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.8
03CD87E02442FFD43D862BF208FAFDD7.text	03CD87E02442FFD43D862BF208FAFDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinoderes Yamasaki & Neuhaus & George 2018	<div><p>Echinoderes sp. 2</p><p>(Fig. 12; Tables 8, 9)</p><p>Material examined. One adult female (ZMB 11595), collected at station 742 in the deep-sea plain near the Sedlo Seamount (Fig. 1A, B; Table 1), mounted as glycerol-paraffin slide on a Cobb aluminum frame.</p><p>Brief description. Adult with head, neck, and eleven trunk segments (Fig. 12A). See Table 8 for measurements and Table 9 for cuticular structures (sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, spines, and tubes). Further cuticular structures may be present especially on segments 3–7 as well as on the ventral side of segment 2, but these were difficult to study because of the broken specimen.</p><p>Head not examined in detail.</p><p>Neck with 16 placids. Midventral placid broadest. Remaining placids similar in size.</p><p>Segment 1 consisting of complete cuticular ring. Sensory spots located at least in subdorsal and laterodorsal position. Type-1 glandular cell outlets present at least in middorsal and lateroventral position. No spines and tubes present.</p><p>Segment 2 with complete cuticular ring as segment 1. Sensory spots present at least in middorsal position. Type-2 glandular cell outlets in laterodorsal position. No spines and tubes on the dorsal to lateral area, but the ventral area could not be observed.</p><p>Segment 3 and following eight segments consisting of one tergal and two sternal plates. Cuticular structures not observable on segment 3.</p><p>Segment 4 with middorsal acicular spine (Fig. 12B). Additional spines and tubes absent.</p><p>Segment 5 with middorsal acicular spine and lateroventral tubes (Fig. 12B, C). Additional spines and tubes absent.</p><p>Segment 6 with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines (Fig. 12B–D). Additional spines and tubes absent.</p><p>Segment 7 with lateroventral acicular spines (Fig. 12C, D). Additional spines and tubes absent.</p><p>Segment 8 with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines (Fig. 12E, F). Lateral accessory tubes present (Fig. 12F). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position (Fig. 12F).</p><p>Segment 9 with lateroventral acicular spines (Fig. 12F). Paradorsal and ventrolateral sensory spots present (Fig. 12E, F). Type-1 glandular cell outlets present in paradorsal and ventromedial position.</p><p>Segment 10 with laterodorsal tubes. Sensory spots present at least in ventrolateral position (Fig. 12F). Two type-1 glandular cell outlets aligned middorsally (Fig. 12E). Additional pair of type-1 glandular cell outlets present in ventromedial position.</p><p>Segment 11 with lateral terminal spines (Fig. 12A). Lateral terminal accessory spine present in observed female specimen (Fig. 12A). Two type-1 glandular cell outlet present middorsally (Fig. 12E).</p><p>Remarks. Echinoderes sp. 2 shares with Echinoderes augustae Sørensen &amp; Landers, 2014, Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, Echinoderes gerardi Higgins, 1978, Echinoderes muricatus Pardos et al., 2016 the presence of middorsal acicular spines on segments 4–8, lateroventral spines/tubes on segments 5–9, lateral accessory spines/tubes on segment 8 and the absence of any tube on the dorsal side on segment 2 (Claparède 1863; Higgins 1977, 1978; Sørensen &amp; Landers 2014; Pardos et al. 2016a).</p><p>Echinoderes sp. 2 can be easily distinguished from E. augustae, E. dujardinii, and E. gerardi by the spine lengths: Echinoderes sp. 2 has relatively long middorsal spines (e.g., 86 µm on segment 7 and 110 µm on segment 8) and long lateral terminal spines (224 µm), whereas E. augustae has short middorsal spines (e.g., 44–63 µm and 51–74 µm on segments 7 and 8, respectively) and very short lateral terminal spines (31–44 µm), and E. dujardinii and E. gerardi have very short middorsal acicular spines (e.g., 13–23 µm and 16–27 µm on segments 7 and 8, respectively in E. dujardinii; and 10 µm and 12 µm on segments 7 and 8, respectively in E. gerardi) and slightly shorter lateral terminal spines (160–192 µm in E. dujardinii and 172 µm in E. gerardi) (Higgins 1977, 1978; Sørensen &amp; Landers 2014).</p><p>Echinoderes sp. 2 and E. muricatus reveal more or less a similar lengths of spines. But Echinoderes sp. 2 differs from E. muricatus at least in the presence of type-2 glandular cell outlets on segment 2 (Pardos et al. 2016a).</p><p>Although many characters could not be observed because of the broken specimen, Echinoderes sp. 2 can be assumed to represent an undescribed species. However, we do not formally describe the species as a new species, because we had only a single deteriorated specimen available for study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD87E02442FFD43D862BF208FAFDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yamasaki, Hiroshi;Neuhaus, Birger;George, Kai Horst	Yamasaki, Hiroshi, Neuhaus, Birger, George, Kai Horst (2018): New species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mediterranean seamounts and from the deep-sea floor in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, including notes on two undescribed species. Zootaxa 4387 (3): 541-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.8
