identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CD9A77FF9DFFF27789452138447A3D.text	03CD9A77FF9DFFF27789452138447A3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyophthalma creusa (Hubner 1821)	<div><p>Dasyophthalma creusa (Hübner, 1821)</p> <p>(Fig. 1 A-B, 3A-B)</p> <p>Type locality. Brazil.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal FW postmedial band pale yellow, broadening in cells Cu1 and Cu2, reaching the edge of discal cell inside cell Cu1. Dorsal HW postmedial band faded, reduced in both sexes. Ventral HW with homogeneous ripple-pattern, and a pale yellow halo around eyespots.</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul (D’Abrera 1987, Brown 1992, Brown and Freitas 2000, Testón and Corseuil 2002, Iserhard and Romanowski 2004, Uehara-Prado et al. 2004).</p> <p>Remarks. The fourth and fifth instar larvae and pupa of D. creusa creusa were described by Casagrande and Mielke (2003), reared on the palm Geonoma schottiana (Arecaeae). Females were reported to oviposit on “taquara” (Gramineae) and “palm tree” by Hoffmann (1936), and larvae were also found on Astrocaryum aculeatum / vulgare? (Arecaceae) (Schmith and Hoffmann 1931) and Bactris sp. (Arecaceae) (Brown 1992).</p> <p>Casagrande (2004) listed two subspecies; nominal D. c. creusa from ‘Brazil’ and D. c. baronesa Stichel, 1904 from Brazil, Espírito Santo.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF9DFFF27789452138447A3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF9EFFF27789442C3BCC78FD.text	03CD9A77FF9EFFF27789442C3BCC78FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyophthalma vertebralis Butler 1869	<div><p>Dasyophthalma vertebralis Butler, 1869</p> <p>(Fig. 1 C-D, 3C-D)</p> <p>Type locality. Brazil.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal FW postmedial band pale yellow, narrow, not reaching discal cell inside cell Cu1. Dorsal HW postmedial band well developed. Ventral HW with a broad, diffuse, pale yellow postmedial band across entire wing that masks the ripple-pattern.</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo. This species is known from Santa Leopoldina (Espírito Santo) and from Alto Rio Mucuri (Espírito Santo) near Teófilo Otoni (Minas Gerais) (A.V.L. Freitas pers. comm.). The records “ Bahia?, Pará ” in Stichel (1932) are probably erroneous (see also Appendix 1).</p> <p>Remarks. Immature stages unknown. This species mostly inhabits the interior forests of Minas Gerais state (A.V.L. Freitas pers. comm.) and it is currently listed as critically endangered in the Lista Oficial da Fauna Brasileira ameaçada de extinção (http://www.biodiversitas.org.br/f_ameaca/p_fauna.asp, consulted on 26 January, 2009).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF9EFFF27789442C3BCC78FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF9EFFF3778946EC3BE57D40.text	03CD9A77FF9EFFF3778946EC3BE57D40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyophthalma rusina (Godart 1824)	<div><p>Dasyophthalma rusina (Godart, 1824)</p> <p>(Fig. 1 E-F, H-J, 3E-F)</p> <p>Type species of the genus by original designation.</p> <p>Type locality. Brazil.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Transverse postmedial bands have different colors on FW and HW. FW postmedial band pale or darker yellow. HW band completely or mostly white, extended to anal margin or fading at cell Cu2. HW blue iridescence more conspicuous in males than in females. Male genitalia indistinguishable from D. geraensis. In females only, dorsal FW postmedial band with a proximal branch, ventral HW with a small eyespot in cell M1, and ventral HW postmedial band interrupted by eyespot in cell Cu1.</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil, from Bahia to Santa Catarina (D’Abrera 1987, Brown 1992, Brown and Freitas 2000, Uehara-Prado et al. 2004).</p> <p>Remarks. d’Araújo e Silva et al. (1968) reported immature stages of D. rusina on “palmito” (Euterpe edulis, Arecaceae) and Bambusa sp. (Gramineae), and Brown (1992) found it on “bamboos” and “palms”, but a larval description was not provided by these authors. The fifth instar larva of D. rusina rusina was found to feed on the palm Geonoma schottiana (Arecaeae), and both larva and pupa were described by Casagrande and Mielke (2000). Casagrande (2004) listed three subspecies of D. rusina; nominal D. r. rusina from ‘Brazil’, D. r. delanira Hewitson, 1862 from ‘Brazil’, and D. r. principesa Stichel, 1904 from Espírito Santo, Brazil. In the Lista Oficial da Fauna Brasileira ameaçada de extinção, D. delanira is considered a separate species from D. rusina, and it is listed as critically endangered (http:// www.biodiversitas.org.br/f_ameaca/p_fauna.asp, consulted on 26 January, 2009). This butterfly inhabits high altitude areas (~ 1200 m) in the vicinities of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, and its taxonomic status should be verified.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF9EFFF3778946EC3BE57D40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF9FFFF3778943213F7A7BE0.text	03CD9A77FF9FFFF3778943213F7A7BE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyophthalma geraensis Rebel 1922	<div><p>Dasyophthalma geraensis Rebel, 1922</p> <p>(Fig. 1G, 3G)</p> <p>Type locality. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Passa Quatro.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Transverse postmedial bands of same color on FW and HW, both homogeneously yellow. FW and HW blue iridescence patches smaller than in D. rusina. HW medial band slightly broader than in D. rusina and clearly extended to the anal margin. Male genitalia indistinguishable from D. rusina.</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil, Minas Gerais (Mantiqueira mountain range), Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo (Casagrande 2004, A.V.L. Freitas pers. comm., Appendix 1).</p> <p>Remarks. d’Araújo e Silva (1968) reported “uricana” (Bactris tormentosa, Arecaceae) as host plant. This taxon was originally described as a subspecies of D. rusina by Rebel (1922), who considered it a ‘local form’ worthy of a name. The male genitalia are identical to those of D. rusina. Females were not available for examination in the collections that were used in this study (Appendix 1). This species higher elevation forests (~ 1200 m) and it is currently listed as endangered in the Lista Oficial da Fauna Brasileira ameaçada de extinção (http://www.biodiversitas.org.br/f_ameaca/p_fauna.asp, consulted on 26 January, 2009).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF9FFFF3778943213F7A7BE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF94FFF8778941C639307C06.text	03CD9A77FF94FFF8778941C639307C06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyophthalma creusa (Hubner 1821)	<div><p>Dasyophthalma creusa</p> <p>1 M*, South Brazil, no date, 01-16 dissected by C.M.Penz (MPM) Fig. 3A; 1 M, Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, 13 February 1966 (MPM) Fig. 1A; 1 M, Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, 10 February (MGCL); 1 M, Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, 10 February 1984, Fig. 1A (MGCL); 1 M, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, December 1943 (MGCL); 1 M*, Brazil, Guanabara [Rio de Janeiro], Jacarepaguá, 20 February 1971, 08-45 dissected by C.M.Penz (MGCL).</p> <p>1 F*, South Brazil, no date, 01-17 dissected by C.M.Penz (MPM) Fig. 3B; 1 F, Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, 13 February 1966, Fig. 1B (MPM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF94FFF8778941C639307C06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF94FFF8778944E638757B26.text	03CD9A77FF94FFF8778944E638757B26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyophthalma geraensis Rebel 1922	<div><p>Dasyophthalma geraensis</p> <p>1 M*, Brazil, Minas Gerais 1500 m, no date, 07-169 dissected by C.M.Penz (MZUSP) Fig. 1G, 3G; 1 M *, [Brazil] Minas Gerais, no date, 08-43 dissected by C.M.Penz (AMNH); 1 M Brazil, Espírito Santo, Castello, 21 February 1922 (MGCL); 1 M*, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 1000- 2000 m, 13-14 January 1973, 08-35 dissected by C.M.Penz (MGCL); 1 M, Brazil, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, 21 March 1972 (MGCL).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF94FFF8778944E638757B26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF94FFF87789430639567A06.text	03CD9A77FF94FFF87789430639567A06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyophthalma rusina (Godart 1824)	<div><p>Dasyophthalma rusina</p> <p>1 M*, Brazil, Santa Catarina 26 December 1957, 01-18 dissected by C.M.Penz (MPM) Fig. 3E; 1 M, South Brazil, no date (MPM) Fig. 1E; 1 M* Brazil, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, 4-7 March 1973, 08-46 dissected by C.M.Penz (MGCL); 1 M, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, Independência, 900 m, 16 January 1972 (MGCL); 1 M, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, 900 m, 9-12 January 1971 (MGCL); 1 M*, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Rio Doce, 26 March 1972, 08-36 dissected by C.M.Penz (MGCL); 2 M, Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, 10 March 1984 (MGCL); 1 M, Brazil, Santa Catarina, 1 January 1968 (MGCL); 1 M [Brazil] Sta. Catharina, no date (AMNH).</p> <p>1 F*, Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, 25 January 1966, 01-19 dissected by C.M.Penz (MPM) Fig. 3F; 1 F, South Brazil, no date (MPM). Fig. 1F.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF94FFF87789430639567A06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF94FFF8778942E63BCD7D66.text	03CD9A77FF94FFF8778942E63BCD7D66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyophthalma vertebralis Butler 1869	<div><p>Dasyophthalma vertebralis</p> <p>1 M*, Brazil, Espírito Santo, no date, 07-170 dissected by C.M.Penz, Fig. 1C, 3C (MZUSP).</p> <p>1 F*, [Brazil] East Amazonas [likely an erroneous location], no date, 07-171 dissected by C.M.Penz, Fig. 1D, 3D (MZUSP).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF94FFF8778942E63BCD7D66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF94FFF8778945C73B417826.text	03CD9A77FF94FFF8778945C73B417826.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dynastor darius (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Dynastor darius</p> <p>1 M*, Brazil, São Paulo, February 1951, 07-168 dissected by C.M. Penz (MZUSP); 1 M*, Paraguay, 1973, 01-14 dissected by C.M.Penz (MPM); 1 M*, Nicaragua, Managua dept. 7.5 km S Managua, 1858, 07- 15 dissected by I.Garzón (MPM).</p> <p>1 F, Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo, February 1955 (MZUSP), 1 F*, Brazil, Paraná, Ponta Grossa, November 1947, 01-15 dissected by C.M.Penz (MPM); 1 F, Brazil, Santa Catarina, “Mansa Humbolt” [sic] (MPM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF94FFF8778945C73B417826	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
03CD9A77FF94FFF9778946C73E5A7840.text	03CD9A77FF94FFF9778946C73E5A7840.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dynastor napoleon Doubleday 1849	<div><p>Dynastor napoleon</p> <p>1 M*, Brazil, Santa Catarina, November 1954, 06-08 dissected by C.M.Penz (MPM); 1 M*, Brazil, Santa Catarina, September 1964, 06-09 dissected by C.M.Penz (MPM); 1 m, Brazil, Santa Catarina, 1956 (MGCL).</p> <p>1 F*, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 1920, 07-09 dissected by I.Garzón (MPM); 1 F*, no data, 07-10 dissected by I.Garzón (MGCL).</p> <p>Appendix 2. Character list.</p> <p>1. Eye pubescence: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1H. Character 1 in Penz (2007).</p> <p>2. Male FW anal margin: strongly bowed, distance between veins Cu2 and 1A+2A conspicuously decreasing toward distal margin (0), mildly bowed, distance between veins Cu2 and 1A+2A nearly homogeneous from medial area to distal margin (1). Fig. 1C, G.</p> <p>3. Dorsal FW blue iridescence below discal cell: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1C, E.</p> <p>4. Edge of dorsal FW yellow scales located inside cell R5: bifid (0), trifid (1).</p> <p>5. Male dorsal FW postmedial band reaching cell 3A: near tornus (0), near wing base (1). Note: Fig. 1 shows that females have a different pattern than males. See Discussion for details. Fig. 1A, E.</p> <p>6. Dorsal FW yellow markings across costal margin: absent in males, present in females (0), present in both sexes (1). Fig. 1 A-B, E-F.</p> <p>7. Ventral FW eyespot in cell R5: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1C, E.</p> <p>8. Dorsal HW medial band: well-developed (0), reduced (1). Fig. 1A, E.</p> <p>9. Male dorsal HW medial band: fully developed up to the costal margin (0), fading toward the costal margin (1). Fig. 1E.</p> <p>10. Dorsal HW medial band: same color as dorsal FW medial band (0), lighter color than dorsal FW medial band (1). Fig. 1C, E.</p> <p>11. Dorsal HW hairpencil at base of discal cell: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1C.</p> <p>12. Color of the dorsal HW hairpencil at base of discal cell: pale-yellow (0), brown (1). Fig. 1C, G.</p> <p>13. Dorsal HW androconial patch at the Rs-M1 fork: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1C.</p> <p>14. Color of the dorsal HW androconial patch at the Rs-M1 fork: pale-yellow (0), brown (1). Fig. 1C.</p> <p>15. Ventral HW eyespot in cell M1: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1A, E.</p> <p>16. Ventral HW postmedial band: edges well defined (0); edges diffuse, interspersed by ripple-pattern (1). Fig. 1C, E.</p> <p>17. In ventral view, distal half of valva: gradually decreasing in width as compared to proximal half (0), strongly decreasing in width as compared to proximal half (1). Fig. 3E.</p> <p>18. In ventral view, distal portion of valva: strongly arched (0), moderately arched (1). Fig. 3G.</p> <p>19. Anterior ribs of the intersegmental sac between sternite 7 and sterigma: continuous (0), broken (1). Character 62 in Penz (2007). Fig. 3F.</p> <p>20. Posterior portion of sterigma: extended towards midline nearly enclosing the ostium bursae (0), further away from midline, not enclosing the ostium bursae (1). Fig. 3B.</p> <p>21. Posterior portion of sterigma, small midline extension: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 3F.</p> <p>Appendix 3. Character matrix.</p> <p>1 22</p> <p>0 01</p> <p>Dynastor darius 01010? 0?0? 0?0?1?0001 0 Dynastor napoleon 01010? 0??? 0?0?1?0101 0 Dasyophthalma rusina 10100 0&amp;1 0001 1111001011 1 Dasyophthalma geraensis 10100 0 0000 11111010 ??? Dasyophthalma creusa 10011 1 1110 10101?1010 0 Dasyophthalma vertebralis 10011 1 1010 1010111010 0</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD9A77FF94FFF9778946C73E5A7840	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Penz, Carla Maria	Penz, Carla Maria (2009): Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini). Insecta Mundi 2009 (69): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5405005
