identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CA87D8FFF5FFDEFF0BF9A5FE78F921.text	03CA87D8FFF5FFDEFF0BF9A5FE78F921.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alycaeidae Blanford 1864	<div><p>Alycaeidae Blanford, 1864</p><p>Alycaeinae Blanford (as a subfamily of Cyclophoridae), 1864: 465. Type genus: Alycaeus Baird, 1850 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFF5FFDEFF0BF9A5FE78F921	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFF5FFDFFF0BF8EEFBA8FEE3.text	03CA87D8FFF5FFDFFF0BF8EEFBA8FEE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alycaeus Baird 1850	<div><p>Alycaeus Baird, 1850</p><p>Alycaeus Baird, 1850: 27 .</p><p>Type species. Alycaeus eydouxi VENmaNs, 1956 (rEpLaCEmENT NamE fOr Cyclostoma gibbum EydOUx, 1838 [FèrUssaC ms.], NON Cyclostoma gibbum DraparNaUd, 1805), by sUbsEqUENT dEsIGNaTION (NEvILL 1878).</p><p>Species inhabiting China, Laos and Vietnam. Alycaeus anceyi MabILLE, 1887 (FIGUrE 3E), A. mouhoti L. PfEIffEr, 1862, A. rolfbrandti MaassEN, 2006 (FIGUrE 3B); A. vanbuensis (Bavay &amp; DaUTzENbErG, 1900) (FIGUrE 3C). Remarks. ALL Alycaeus spECIEs HavE bEEN ExamINEd by Us. Alycaeus vanbuensis dOEs NOT bELONG IN Dioryx, as OrIGINaLLy prOpOsEd, bECaUsE THE CONsTrICTION Is sITUaTEd dIsTaNT frOm THE apErTUrE.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFF5FFDFFF0BF8EEFBA8FEE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BF95FFCAAF82D.text	03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BF95FFCAAF82D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1900</p><p>Dicharax Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1900: 186 .</p><p>Type species. Alycaeus hebes BENsON, 1857 (FIGUrE 5), by sUbsEqUENT dEsIGNaTION (GUdE 1921).</p><p>Remarks. AT THE mOmENT IT Is NOT pOssIbLE TO GIvE a COmprEHENsIvE dIaGNOsIs. WE CLassIfy spECIEs IN Dicharax THaT pOssEss a LOw prOTOCONCH wITHOUT spIraL sTrIaTION. MOrE INvEsTIGaTION Is NECEssary TO dELImIT Dicharax frOm OTHEr LOw-spIrEd GENEra THaT pOssEss sImILar EmbryONIC wHOrLs (E.G. THE JapaNEsE Sigmacharax KUrOda, 1943, Cipangocharax KUrOda, 1943, Awalycaeus KUrOda, 1951).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BF95FFCAAF82D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BFEAFFF5FFC3E.text	03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BFEAFFF5FFC3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dioryx Benson 1859	<div><p>Dioryx Benson, 1859</p><p>Dioryx Benson, 1859: 177 .</p><p>Type species. Alycaeus amphora BENsON, 1856, by sUbsEqUENT dEsIGNaTION (GUdE 1921).</p><p>Species inhabiting China, Laos and Vietnam. D. bacca (PfEIffEr, 1862), D. cariniger MöLLENdOrff, 1897, D. cochinensis (GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1914), D. compactus (Bavay &amp; DaUTzENbErG, 1900) (FIGUrE 4C), D. dautzenbergi PáLL-GErGELy NOm. NOv. (FIGUrE 4A), D. dongiensis VarGa 1972, Dioryx globuloides (ZILCH, 1957) (FIGUrE 4D), D. kobeltianus MOELLENdOrff 1875 (FIGUrE 4E), D. menglunensis CHEN &amp; ZHaNG 1998; D. messageri (Bavay &amp; DaUTzENbErG, 1900) (FIGUrE 4B), D. monadicus (HEUdE, 1890), D. pilula (GOULd, 1859), D. pocsi VarGa, 1972, D. requiescens (MabILLE, 1887), D. ruyangensis HU, YIN, &amp; CHEN, 2004, D. setchuanensis (HEUdE, 1885), D. tangmaiensis CHEN &amp; ZHaNG, 2001.</p><p>Remarks. ALL bUT THE fOLLOwING spECIEs wErE ExamINEd by Us: D. menglunensis, D. tangmaiensis .</p><p>WE prOpOsE a rEpLaCEmENT NamE fOr Alycaeus (Dioryx) major Bavay &amp; DaUTzENbErG, 1900, NON Alycaeus (Dioryx) granum var. major GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1893 ( D. dautzenbergi PáLL-GErGELy NOm. NOv.). THE NamE dautzenbergi dErIvEs frOm ZILCH, wHO wrOTE THIs prEvIOUsLy UNpUbLIsHEd maNUsCrIpT NamE ON a LabEL Of Dioryx major .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BFEAFFF5FFC3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BFBCAFBD9F9A8.text	03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BFBCAFBD9F9A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pincerna Preston 1907	<div><p>Pincerna Preston, 1907</p><p>Alycaeus (Pincerna) Preston, 1907: 206 . Pincerna — Páll-Gergely, 2017: 214.</p><p>Type species. Alycaeus (Pincerna) liratula PrEsTON, 1907 (FIGUrE 3D), by OrIGINaL dEsIGNaTION.</p><p>Species inhabiting China, Laos and Vietnam. P. costulosa (Bavay &amp; DaUTzENbErG, 1912) (FIGUrE 3F), P. maolanensis (LUO, ZHaNG &amp; ZHUO 2009).</p><p>Remarks. ALL spECIEs wErE ExamINEd.</p><p>Pincerna was ErECTEd fOr a sINGLE spECIEs, Alycaeus (Pincerna) liratula basEd ON THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm, wHICH Has a "HOLLOw prOTUbEraNCE IN THE fOrm Of a CIrCULar CUp". THIs NamE was UsEd as a syNONym Of Alycaeus IN sUbsEqUENT pUbLICaTIONs. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm Is TOO varIabLE TO bE UsEfUL fOr GENUs-LEvEL CLassIfICaTION Of aLyCaEId spECIEs (UNpUbLIsHEd INfOrmaTION, PáLL-GErGELy et al. IN prEp.). HOwEvEr, THE NamE Pincerna CaN bE UsEd aT THE GENUs LEvEL fOr spECIEs THaT sHarE THE fOLLOwING TraITs: spIrE ELEvaTEd (sHELL dIamETEr aNd sHELL HEIGHT arE rOUGHLy THE samE mEasUrEmENT, Or sHELL HEIGHT Is LarGEr), sHELL OvOId Or GLObOsE, prOTOCONCH wITHOUT spIraL sTrIaTION, R1 wITH fINE spIraL sTrIaTION, R2 sHOrT TO vEry sHOrT, smOOTH Or wITH LOw wrINkLEs. THE GENUs Cycloryx GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1914 Is a syNONym Of Pincerna (PáLL-GErGELy 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFF4FFDFFF0BFBCAFBD9F9A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFF0FFDBFF0BFF57FD16FA88.text	03CA87D8FFF0FFDBFF0BFF57FD16FA88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax abdoui Asami 2017	<div><p>Dicharax abdoui Páll-Gergely, n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrE 6.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE MNHN IM- 2012-27329 aNd 2 paraTypEs MNHN IM- 2012-27328, 6L07 LaOs, KHammOUaNE PrOvINCE, apprOx. 9 km NE Of THakHEk (MUaNG KHammOUaN), 190 m, 17°26.757'N, 104°52.937'E, ON aNd UNdEr rOCks IN dry sECONdary fOrEsT ON aNd UNdEr NW ExpOsEd CLIffs, LEG. A. AbdOU &amp; I.V. MUraTOv, 27 NOv 2007.</p><p>Etymology. THIs NEw spECIEs Is dEdICaTEd TO aNd NamEd afTEr AHmEd AbdOU (MNHN), wHO COLLECTEd THE sHELLs.</p><p>Diagnosis. A vEry smaLL spECIEs wITH wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs ON R1 (NEar THE sUTUrE aNd IN THE UmbILICUs), vEry sHOrT R2 wITH dENsE, LOw rIbs, aNd R3 wITH bLUNT swELLING.</p><p>Description of the holotype. SHELL wHITIsH, raTHEr GLOssy, aLTHOUGH aLL spECImENs wErE sOmEwHaT wEaTHErEd; sHELL OUTLINE OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw; bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, NEarLy smOOTH, wITH ExTrEmELy fINE pITs arraNGEd IN spIraL rOws (NOT HOmOLOGOUs wITH THE spIraL sTrIaTION Of Metalycaeus spECIEs); bOUNdary bETwEEN prOTOCONCH aNd R1 HardLy dIsCErNIbLE; LENGTH Of R1 apprOxImaTELy 1.5 wHOrLs; R1 NEarLy smOOTH, wITH LOw, wIdELyspaCEd rIbs NEar sUTUrE aNd IN UmbILICUs; bOUNdary bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CLEarLy vIsIbLE bECaUsE R2 fINELy rIbbEd; R2 vEry sHOrT, wITH LOw, dENsE rEGULar rIbs (apprOx. 20); R3 apprOx. TwO TImEs LONGEr THaN R2, smOOTH wITH LOw, bLUNT swELLING; CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 sHaLLOw; apErTUrE rOUNdEd, pErIsTOmE NOrmaLLy THICkENEd OvEraLL; OUTEr pErIsTOmE sLIGHTLy ExpaNdEd ON THE dOrsaL sIdE bUT NOT rEfLECTEd; INNEr pErIsTOmE NOT CONspICUOUs, rELaTIvELy wEak.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 2.0, H = 0.9 (N = 2, HOLOTypE aNd paraTypE).</p><p>Operculum. UNkNOwN.</p><p>Variation in specimens. THErE Is NO NOTabLE varIaTION bETwEEN THE THrEE sHELLs Of THE TypE sampLE. SEE aLsO rEmarks.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. THE mOsT sImILar spECIEs IN TErms Of sHELL sIzE Is D. ellipticus n. sp., wHICH Has a smOOTH R2, aNd a CONspICUOUsLy THICkENEd basaL pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Distribution. THIs NEw spECIEs Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy ONLy. SEE aLsO REmarks aNd FIGUrE 7.</p><p>Remarks. A sHELL (2009/105 CHINa, GUaNGxI, BOsE SHI, LINGyUN XIaN, XIajIa XIaNG, sOUTHEasTErN EdGE Of XIajIa, rOCky waLL abOvE THE TOmbs, 440 m, 24°17.508'N, 106°38.376'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 22 OCT 2009, HA/1) Is sImILar TO D. abdoui n. sp. bECaUsE Of THE smaLL sHELL sIzE, aNd THE sHOrT, fINELy rIbbEd R2. ON THE OTHEr HaNd, IT Has a rEGULarLy, fINELy rIbbEd R1, aNd a mOrE ExpaNdEd OUTEr pErIsTOmE THaN THaT Of THE TypE sampLE Of D. abdoui n. sp. FUrTHErmOrE, aNOTHEr sHELL (2011/20 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, GUaNGNaN XIaN, BabaO ZHEN, BabaO NE 1.5 km, LafaNG, 1138 m, 23°44.321'N, 105°25.304'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 24 Mar 2011, HA/ 1) Is aLsO sImILar TO D. abdoui n. sp. IN pOssEssING a rIbbEd R2, bUT dIffErs frOm THaT spECIEs by THE rEGULarLy, sTrONGLy rIbbEd R1, aNd THE sHOrTEr R3 wITHOUT a swELLING. MOrE maTErIaL Is NECEssary TO dECIdE wHETHEr THEsE TwO sampLEs arE CONspECIfIC wITH D. abdoui n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFF0FFDBFF0BFF57FD16FA88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFF0FFC2FF0BFA0AFC26FF2A.text	03CA87D8FFF0FFC2FF0BFA0AFC26FF2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax (?) alticola Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 8A, 9A–D, 10A–B, 11, 12A–B, 13A–B.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99702 ( Ex COLL. J.U. OTaNI), JUO/2 paraTypEs (sHELLs aNd ETHaNOL-prEsErvEd bOdIEs) , OKA /1 paraTypE, PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.51701&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.718384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.51701/lat 27.718384)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OkUbO), 20130913A CHINa, SICHUaN, LIaNGsHaN YIzU ZIzHIzHOU, YaNyUaN XIaN, BaINIaO ZHEN, KEdENG RONGdONG (CavE), 2618 m, 27°43.103'N, 101°31.021'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO, &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 13 SEp 2013 ; HA/15 paraTypEs, 2015/59 CHINa, SICHUaN, LIaNGsHaN ZHOU, YaNyUaN XIaN, BaINIaO ZHEN, wEsTErN EdGE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.520134&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.731617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.520134/lat 27.731617)">Of</a> KEdENG CUN, 2640 m, 27°43.897'N, 101°31.208'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 11 JUNE 2015 ; OKA /5 paraTypEs, PGB/2 paraTypEs (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.803566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.522533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.803566/lat 27.522533)">Ex</a> COLL. OkUbO), 20040520A YUNNaN, NINGLaNG YIzU ZIzIxIaN, HONGqIaO XIaNG, arOUNd THE GUyI RONGdONG (CavE), 2650 m, 27°31.352'N, 100°48.214'E, LEG. K. OkUbO, 20 May 2004 .</p><p>Etymology. THE NamE alticola Is a rEfErENCE TO THE HIGH aLTITUdE wHErE THE spECIEs was fOUNd.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL TO mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH sTraIGHT, LOw, bUT sHarp rIbs ON R2, wHICH arE fUsEd NEar THE TUbE, rEGULarLy rIbbEd R1 aNd R3, aNd a rOUNdEd, NOT CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE wITH sHarp OUTEr LIp.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 8A) IvOry, aLTHOUGH mOsT avaILabLE sHELLs Had rEddIsH dIrT bETwEEN THEIr rIbs; sHELL OUTLINE raTHEr rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH (FIGUrEs 10A–B) LOw, sEEmINGLy smOOTH bUT raTHEr maTTE; wITH 1.5 Or vEry sLIGHTLy fEwEr wHOrLs; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.25–1.5 wHOrLs, raTHEr rEGULarLy rIbbEd; NO spIraL LINEs vIsIbLE bETwEEN rIbs; dENsITy Of rIbs ON R1 CONsIsTENT; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 NOT CONspICUOUs bUT vIsIbLE, bECaUsE rIb dENsITy Of R2 HIGHEr THaN THaT Of R1; R2 + R3 apprOxImaTELy a qUarTEr Of wHOrL LONG; THEy arE abOUT EqUaL IN LENGTH, Or R3 Is sLIGHTLy LONGEr THaN R2; rIbs ON R2 LOw, NOT CUrvEd, raTHEr sHarp, CONNECTEd TO EaCH OTHEr NEar TUbE (FIGUrEs 9A–B); THE CrOss sECTION Of R2 was ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN (FIGUrEs 9C–D, 68E): aNTErIOr CrUsT fOrms a rELaTIvELy LOw, bLUNT, NOT CavErNOUs, NEarLy sTraIGHT rIb; aNTErIOr aNd pOsTErIOr CrUsTs ONLy TOUCH EaCH OTHEr (aNTErIOr CrUsT dOEs NOT fOLd OvEr THE pOsTErIOr ONE); CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of mICrOTUNNEL sLIT-LIkE; rIb dENsITy Of R3 sImILar TO THaT Of R1, rIbs raTHEr rEGULar HErE as wELL; CONsTrICTION mOdEraTELy CONspICUOUs bETwEEN R2 aNd R3; R3 wITH a bLUNT swELLING ON ITs mIddLE; apErTUrE rEGULarLy rOUNdEd, OUTEr LIp sTraIGHT, ExpaNdEd bUT NOT rEfLECTEd, sHarp; INNEr LIp vEry sLIGHTLy THICkENEd, sOmEwHaT prOTrUdING aNTErIOrLy; bOUNdary bETwEEN THE TwO LIps CLEarLy vIsIbLE.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.5–4.1, H = 2.5–2.9 (N = 4).</p><p>Operculum. THE OpErCULa Of TwO spECImENs wErE ExamINEd. THE OUTEr sIdE Of bOTH OpErCULa wErE COvErEd IN mUd; bECaUsE CLEaNING mIGHT rEsULT IN dEsTrUCTION Of THE OrIGINaL sTrUCTUrE THEy wErE NOT ExamINEd. HOwEvEr, NO ELEvaTEd spIraL baNd Is vIsIbLE ON THE OUTEr sUrfaCE. THE INNEr sIdE (FIGUrE 11) Has a sIGNIfICaNTLy ELEvaTEd, CENTraL NIppLE. THE OpErCULUm Is rELaTIvELy THICk OvEraLL.</p><p>Anatomy. ONE maLE spECImEN was aNaTOmICaLLy ExamINEd (paraTypE frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy, COLL. JUO). THE pENIs Is LarGE (mUCH LONGEr THaN THE rIGHT TENTaCLE) aNd fLaT wITH TrapEzOId ENd (FIGUrEs 12A–B).</p><p>Radula. THE radULa Of ONE spECImEN was ExamINEd (samE as THE aNaTOmICaLLy ExamINEd spECImEN). RadULa TypICaL CaENOGasTrOpOd, sImILar TO sOmE OTHEr aLyCaEId radULaE (sEE VENmaNs 1956). RadULar TEETH arraNGEd IN vsHapEd rOws, EaCH TraNsvErsE rOw wITH sEvEN TEETH (2-1-1-1-2). CENTraL TOOTH sTrONGLy CONsTrICTEd IN ITs mIddLE parT, wITH fIvE sHOrT, raTHEr bLUNTLy pOINTEd CUsps, Of wHICH THE CENTraL ONE Is THE LarGEsT. BasE Of pLaTE CONCavE, aNTErIOr marGIN rOUNdEd aNd sINUOUs IN THE mIddLE . THE LaTEraL aNd THE TwO marGINaL TEETH dO NOT HavE THE mEdIaN CONsTrICTION Of THE pLaTEs, aNd arE sEEmINGLy LONGEr aNd mOrE sLENdEr THaN THE CENTraL TOOTH. LaTEraL TEETH wITH THrEE sTrONGLy dEvELOpEd, OvaTE, pOINTEd CUsps , THE mIddLE ONE bEING mUCH LarGEr THaN THE OTHErs. THE marGINaL TEETH HavE fOUr pOINTEd, TrIaNGULar CUsps (FIGUrEs 13A–B).</p><p>Variation in specimens. NO NOTabLE varIabILITy was dETECTEd wITHIN aNd bETwEEN pOpULaTIONs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax alticola n. sp. dIffErs frOm D. cristatus by THE fINE sTrUCTUrE Of THE rIbs ON R2. NamELy, aLL D. cristatus pOpULaTIONs HavE TypICaL Dicharax -LIkE rIbs (CUrvEd TOwards THE apErTUrE), wHErEas THE rIbs Of D. alticola n. sp. arE LOw, sTraIGHT, aNd NEar THE TUbE THE NEIGHbOUrING rIbs arE fUsEd. FUsEd R2 rIbs HavE bEEN ObsErvEd ONLy IN JapaNEsE spECIEs Awalycaeus aNd Cipangocharax spECIEs, bUT IT sEEms UNLIkELy THaT Dicharax alticola n. sp. Has a CLOsE pHyLOGENETIC rELaTIONsHIp wITH THOsE spECIEs. Dicharax fargesianus Is sImILar TO D. alticola n. sp. IN TErms Of THE GENEraL sHapE Of THE sHELL, aNd THE prOpOrTIONs Of THE rEGIONs. THE NEw spECIEs, ON THE OTHEr HaNd, Has a mOrE ELEvaTEd spIrE, THINNEr pErIsTOmE, aNd LEss rEGULar rIbs ON R2. Dicharax dolichodeiros Is aLsO sImILar TO D. alticola n. sp. IN GENEraL sHELL sHapE. HOwEvEr, THE rIbs Or D. alticola n. sp. arE LEss rEGULar, wHICH arE IN CONTaCT wITH EaCH OTHEr NEar THE TUbE, aNd Has a sHOrTEr R2. SEE aLsO UNdEr D. robustus n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax alticola n. sp. Is kNOwN frOm NOrTHErN YUNNaN aNd sOUTHErN SICHUaN PrOvINCEs. THE dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THE TwO kNOwN pOpULaTIONs Is apprOxImaTELy 75 km.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFF0FFC2FF0BFA0AFC26FF2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFE8FFC0FF0BFAD6FF70FC13.text	03CA87D8FFE8FFC0FF0BFAD6FF70FC13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax (?) dolichodeiros (Heude, 1890)</p><p>FIGUrEs 8D–E, 9E–F, 10E–F.</p><p>Alycaeus dolichodeiros Heude, 1890: 129, pl. 38, fig. 3.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) dolichodeirus (sic!)— Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 148. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) dolichodirus (sic!)— Kobelt, 1902: 355.</p><p>Types. NO TypE spECImENs wErE rEpOrTEd by JOHNsON (1973). THE ONLy sHELL wE fOUNd IN mUsEUm COLLECTIONs LabELLEd as D. dolichodeiros was fIGUrEd by YEN (1939, pL. 2, fIG. 37; SMF 39254). ALTHOUGH THE wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs Of THE OrIGINaL fIGUrE dO NOT maTCH wITH THE spECImEN LIsTEd HErE (sEE DIsCUssION abOUT THIs IssUE), THE sHELL sHapE aNd sIzE sUGGEsTs THaT THE TwO pOpULaTIONs LIsTEd HErE rEprEsENT Alycaeus dolichodeiros .</p><p>New material examined. HA/1, 2013/6 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.13078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.117416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.13078/lat 24.117416)">Bama</a> XIaN, CLIffs NEar JIaOLE CUN, 590 m, 24°7.045'N, 107°7.847'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 10 SEp 2013, HNHM 99710; HA/4, 2016/100 CHINa , CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, LaNTIaN XIaNG, mOUNTaIN abOvE LaNxI CUN (NOrTHErN sIdE), 1215 m, 31°55.399'N, 108°53.421'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 8 JUNE 2016 .</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH LOw, smOOTH prOTOCONCH, sHOrT R2 HavING wIdELy-spaCEd, sTraIGHT rIbs, bLUNT swELLING ON R3 aNd rOUNdEd apErTUrE.</p><p>Original description. "TEsTa dIsCOIdEO-TrOCHOIdEa, LaTE UmbILICaTa, spIra apICULaTa, aNfraCTIbUs 3½, rEGULarITEr CrEsCENTIbUs, sUTUra ImprEssa jUNCTIs, TUbO sUTUraLI CONsTrICTIONE TErmINaLI LONGUa, CONICa; pErIsTOmaTE dUpLICI, aNTICO prOTraCTO pOsTICO sUbdILaTaTO.—DIam.: 3; aLTIT.: 2½ mILL.".</p><p>Description of specimens from Chongqing. SHELL (FIGUrE 8E) wHITE; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd; EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs; sCULpTUrE NEarLy smOOTH, bUT raTHEr maTTE; R1 CONsIsTs Of Ca. 1.75 wHOrLs, raTHEr rEGULarLy, rarELy rIbbEd; rIbs fEwEr TOwards R2; R2 wITH wIdELy-spaCEd, LOw, bUT sHarp rIbs; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of Metalycaeus spECIEs; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 NOT CONspICUOUs, bUT vIsIbLE bECaUsE Of sLIGHT CONsTrICTION afTEr THE OrIGIN Of THE TUbE; rIbbING ON R3 mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd THaN ON R1; R2 + R3 apprOxImaTELy Of 85–90 dEGrEEs; R2 Ca. HaLf LENGTH Of R3; R3 pOssEssEs bLUNT CENTraL swELLING; apErTUrE rOUNdEd, wITHOUT kNOTs; OUTEr LIp ExpaNdEd bUT NOT rEfLECTEd, INNEr LIp sHarp aNd prOTrUdING.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.3, H = 1.9–2.1 (N = 2, HOLOTypE aNd paraTypE).</p><p>Operculum. UNkNOwN.</p><p>Variation in specimens. TwO pOpULaTIONs arE kNOwN. THE TwO spECImENs frOm GUaNGxI arE sLIGHTLy dIffErENT frOm EaCH OTHEr IN TErms Of spIrE HEIGHT. THE spECImENs frOm CHONGqING dO NOT sHOw NOTabLE varIabILITy IN TErms Of sHELL CHaraCTErs. THE sHELLs frOm GUaNGxI HavE sOmEwHaT wEakEr rIbs aNd mOrE ExpaNdEd OUTEr pErIsTOmE THaN THOsE Of THE sHELLs frOm CHONGqING.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. SOmE Metalycaeus spECIEs (E.G. Metalycaeus muciferus, M. sinensis) mIGHT rEsEmbLE Dicharax dolichodeiros bECaUsE Of THE aTypICaL rIbs ON R2, bUT aLL Of THEsE spECIEs dIffEr frOm D. dolichodeiros by THE spIraL sTrIaTION Of THE prOTOCONCH aNd THE TELEOCONCH. SEE aLsO UNdEr D. alticola n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. TwO GEOrEfErENCEd pOpULaTIONs Of THIs spECIEs arE kNOwN, ONE IN GUaNGxI, aNd aNOTHEr IN CHONGqING. THEsE TwO pOpULaTIONs arE sITUaTEd apprOxImaTELy 880 km frOm EaCH OTHEr (FIGUrEs 7 aNd 14). SEE aLsO CONCLUdING REmarks (BIOGEOGrapHy).</p><p>Remarks. Dicharax dolichodeiros Has a bLUNT aNd smOOTH prOTOCONCH, wHICH Is CHaraCTErIsTIC fOr THE GENUs Dicharax . HOwEvEr, THE wIdELy-spaCEd, sHarp rIbs ON R2 arE CHaraCTErIsTIC fOr THE GENUs Metalycaeus . WE CLassIfy THIs spECIEs IN Dicharax bECaUsE THE rIbbING ON R2 Is sOmEwHaT varIabLE IN aLL GENEra ExamINEd by Us ( Alycaeus, Chamalycaeus, Dicharax, Metalycaeus), wHErEas THE prOTOCONCH sHapE aNd sCULpTUrE Is mUCH LEss varIabLE aCrOss spECIEs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFE8FFC0FF0BFAD6FF70FC13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFEBFFCEFF0BFBFFFC6FF8B3.text	03CA87D8FFEBFFCEFF0BFBFFFC6FF8B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax (?) ellipticus Páll-Gergely n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 15A–B, 16.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE RMNH 5004014, MAA7 VIETNam, QUaNG NINH PrOvINCE, Ha LONG Bay arEa, TIEN ONG CavE ON HaNG TraI IsLaNd, COLLECTEd INsIdE THE CavE, 20°48.96'N, 107°07.33'E, LEG. W. J.M. MaassEN, 0 6 SEp 2003 (LOCaLITy COdE: WMVT.0328); HE/1 paraTypE, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.12217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.816" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.12217/lat 20.816)">Vn</a> 11-104 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE , rIGHT sIdE Off rOad MộC CHâU TO SƠN La, 20°52.567'N, 104°35.310'E, LEG. CH. HEmmEN, 14 OCT 2011 .</p><p>Etymology. THE spECIfIC EpITHET rEfErs TO THE ELLIpTICaL OUTLINE Of THE HOLOTypE.</p><p>Diagnosis. A vEry smaLL spECIEs wITH fLaT R2 aNd rOUNdEd pErIsTOmE wITH CONspICUOUsLy THICkENEd basaL LIp.</p><p>Description of the holotype. SHELL GLOssy, TraNsparENT, COLOUrLEss; sHELL OUTLINE OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, sHapE Of LasT HaLf wHOrL CONspICUOUsLy sIGmOId (THE dOrsaL sUrfaCE Of R3 apprOaCHEs THE LEvEL Of THE prOTOCONCH) rEsULTING IN a NEarLy fLaT sHELL UNUsUaL fOr THE GENUs; bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, smOOTH, GLOssy; bOUNdary bETwEEN prOTOCONCH aNd TELEOCONCH NOT vIsIbLE, THEIr LENGTH apprOx. 2.5 wHOrLs COmbINEd; bOUNdary bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 NOT CONspICUOUs, bECaUsE R2 aLsO ENTIrELy smOOTH, wITH NarrOw LIGHT (= mICrOTUNNELs) aNd THICk dark (= arEa bETwEEN THE mICrOTUNNELs) TraNsvErsE sTrIpEs aLTErNaTE; R2 (FIGUrEs 16B–D) vEry sHOrT, wITH aLTOGETHEr 13 mICrOTUNNELs; TUbE CONspICUOUsLy THICkENEd aNd ELEvaTEd frOm THE sUTUrE; R3 apprOx. TwO TImEs LONGEr THaN R2, aLsO GLOssy aNd smOOTH; CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE; R3 wITH bLUNT swELLING; apErTUrE rOUNdEd, pErIsTOmE sLIGHTLy adNaTE TO pENULTImaTE wHOrL; OUTEr pErIsTOmE sLIGHTLy ExpaNdEd ON dOrsaL sIdE bUT NOT rEfLECTEd; vENTraL sIdE sTrONGLy THICkENEd aNd rEfLECTEd (HErE THE EdGEs Of THE TwO LIps arE sITUaTEd far frOm EaCH OTHEr); INNEr pErIsTOmE NOT CONspICUOUs, rELaTIvELy wEak; UmbILICUs pECULIarLy sHapEd dUE TO THE sTraIGHT pOrTION (maINLy THE R2) Of THE LasT HaLf wHOrL.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 2.3, H = 1.1 (HOLOTypE); D = 2.7, H = 1.5 (paraTypE).</p><p>Operculum. UNkNOwN.</p><p>Variation in specimens. BOTH sampLEs THaT arE IdENTIfIEd as Dicharax ellipticus n. sp. CONTaIN a sINGLE sHELL, THErEfOrE THE varIabILITy wITHIN pOpULaTION rEmaINs UNkNOwN. THE sHELL frOm SON La PrOvINCE Is LarGEr THaN THE ONE frOm QUaNG NINH PrOvINCE, Has a mOrE rOUNdEd sHELL aNd a mOrE THICkENEd vENTraL sIdE Of THE pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. THE COmbINaTION Of THE vEry smaLL sHELL, GLOssy R1, smOOTH R2, aNd THE sIGNIfICaNTLy THICkENEd basaL parT Of THE pErIsTOmE dIsTINGUIsHEs Dicharax ellipticus n. sp. frOm aLL OTHEr aLyCaEId spECIEs Of THE rEGION IN qUEsTION. THE ONLy spECIEs frOm THE rEGION HavING sImILar R2 (ENTIrELy smOOTH sUrfaCE wITH LIGHT aNd dark TraNsvErsE sTrIpEs aLTErNaTE) Is Dicharax (?) moellendorffi . THaT spECIEs Is, HOwEvEr, mUCH LarGEr THaN D. ellipticus n. sp., Has mUCH LONGEr R2 aNd R3, aNd dIffErENT sHELL sHapE. SEE aLsO UNdEr D. abdoui n. sp.</p><p>SpECIEs Of sImILar sIzE ( Dicharax parvulus [MöLLENdOrff, 1887], D. canaliculatus [vON MOELLENdOrff, 1894], D. microdiscus [MöLLENdOrff, 1887]) wErE dEsCrIbEd frOm MaLaysIa, aNd HavE rEGULarLy rIbbEd R1 aNd LaCk THE wIdENEd basaL parT Of THE pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Distribution. THE TwO kNOwN sHELLs wErE COLLECTEd frOm QUaNG NINH aNd SON La PrOvINCEs. THE dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THEsE TwO sITEs Is apprOxImaTELy 260 km (FIGUrE 7).</p><p>Remarks. A sHELL fOUNd IN a sampLE Of D. depressus (PaC-KHa, COLL. STaadT, 1969, MNHN IM-2012-27047) Is sImILar TO D. ellipticus n. sp. IN HavING a smOOTH R2, bUT dIffErs frOm IT by THE absENCE Of a THICkENEd basaL pErIsTOmE. IT Is NOT a paraTypE, aNd fUTUrE rEsEarCH sHOULd CLarIfy ITs IdENTITy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFEBFFCEFF0BFBFFFC6FF8B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFE4FFCFFF0BFF57FAE3FA6F.text	03CA87D8FFE4FFCFFF0BFF57FAE3FA6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax (?) fargesianus (Heude, 1885)</p><p>FIGUrEs 8B, 10C–D, 17A–B.</p><p>Alycoeus fargesianus HEUdE, 1885: 96, pL. 24, fIGs 3, 3a.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) fargesianus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 148. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) fargesianus — Kobelt, 1902: 355.</p><p>Types examined. MCZ 167229 (4 syNTypEs Of Alycaeus fargesianus), CHINa, TCHEN-k'EOU. ONE Of THE syNTypEs was a spECImEN Of Metalycaeus rathouisianus . THErEfOrE, a LECTOTypE (MCZ 167229) was sELECTEd TO avOId fUrTHEr mIsUNdErsTaNdING rEGardING THE NamE Alycaeus fargesianus . THE OTHEr TwO spECImENs Of A. fargesianus arE paraLECTOTypEs (MCZ 384422). ACCOrdING TO JOHNsON (1973) paraTypEs arE aLsO prEsENT IN THE NMNH (INv. NUmbEr: 472341). THEsE wErE NOT ExamINEd by Us.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH aTypICaL (LOw, bLUNT) rIbs ON R2, bLUNT swELLING ON R3 aNd rOUNdEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 8B) GrEyIsH IvOry; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd Or sLIGHTLy OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL Is rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH (FIGUrEs 10C–D) LOw, IT was vIsIbLE IN ONE sHELL ONLy (OTHEr TwO wErE wEaTHErEd), CONsIsTs Of sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN ONE aNd a HaLf wHOrLs, raTHEr maTTE; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5 wHOrLs, rEGULarLy, dENsELy rIbbEd wITHOUT aNy sIGNs Of spIraL LINEs; rIbs bECOmING sLIGHTLy mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd TOwards ENd Of R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 sUddEN, CLEarLy vIsIbLE, R2 ExTrEmELy dENsELy rIbbEd (FIGUrEs 17A–B); rIbs vEry LOw, NOT TypICaL TO Dicharax; CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 rIbs COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THaT Of D. immaculatus n. sp.; EvEry fIfTH rIbLET ELEvaTEd aNd sHarp INsIdE UmbILICUs; LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 vEry sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN a qUarTEr Of wHOrL COmbINEd; THEy arE Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 raTHEr CLEarLy vIsIbLE, INdICaTEd by a CONsTrICTION; R3 wITH bLUNT swELLING; rIb dENsITy ON R3 Is sImILar TO THaT Of R2, bUT rIbs LEss rEGULar; apErTUrE aLmOsT ExaCTLy rOUNdEd; OUTEr LIp sHarp, vEry sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd; INNEr LIp sLIGHTLy THICkENEd, dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THE TwO LIp NOrmaL.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.8, H = 2.2 (N = 1, LECTOTypE).</p><p>Operculum. THE INNEr sUrfaCE COULd NOT bE ExamINEd. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Is NEarLy smOOTH, bUT THE mULTIspIraL CHaraCTEr Is vIsIbLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. ONLy THE LECTOTypE was IN pErfECT CONdITION, THErEfOrE THE varIabILITy wITHIN spECIEs rEmaINEd UNkNOwN.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax fargesianus CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm aLL CHINEsE aNd VIETNamEsE CONGENErs by THE vEry LOw, rEGULar rIbs ON R2. BEsIdEs THE fINE mOrpHOLOGy Of THE R2 rIbs, D. fargesianus Has sHOrTEr R2+R3 THaN mOsT pOpULaTIONs Of D. cristatus, aNd ITs swELLING ON THE R3 Is UsUaLLy bLUNTEr THaN THaT Of THE OTHEr spECIEs. Dicharax diminutus Is smaLLEr THaN D. fargesianus aNd Has a COmparaTIvELy LarGEr apErTUrE. Dicharax plicilabris Is aLsO smaLLEr aNd fLaTTEr, aNd Has a CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE, wHICH Is rOUNdEd IN D. fargesianus . SEE aLsO UNdEr D. alticola n. sp. aNd D. immaculatus n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax fargesianus Is kNOwN ONLy frOm THE TypE sErIEs frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy (FIGUrE 7.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFE4FFCFFF0BFF57FAE3FA6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFE4FFCCFF0BFA24FE09FA3F.text	03CA87D8FFE4FFCCFF0BFA24FE09FA3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax (?) immaculatus Páll-Gergely n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 8C, 12G–H, 13F, 17C–F.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE (= sHELL aNd bOdy IN ETHaNOL, HNHM 99707), JUO/1 paraTypE (sHELL + bOdy IN ETHaNOL), JUO/3 paraTypEs + 1 paraTypE (CrOss sECTION Of rIbs ObsErvEd), PGB/1 paraTypE (R2 rIbs ObsErvEd wITH SEM) + 1 paraTypE (INNEr sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.4112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.886333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.4112/lat 32.886333)">Of</a> THE OpErCULUm ObsErvEd wITH SEM) (bOTH Ex. COLL. JUO) + 1 paraTypE (sHELL, bOdy IN ETHaNOL, radULa ON dOUbLE-faCEd adHEsIvE TapE), 20110420E CHINa, GaNsU, WEN XIaN, TIELOUzaNGzU XIaNG, SaNjIaOyaN, 1646 m, 32°53.180'N, 104°24.672'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 20 Apr 2011 ; samE LOCaLITy aNd COLLECTOr; JUO/6 paraTypEs, PGB/1 paraTypE (OUTEr sIdE Of OpErCULUm ObsErvEd wITH SEM, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.43052&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.895267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.43052/lat 32.895267)">Ex</a> COLL. J.U. OTaNI), JUO/1 paraTypE (sHELL, bOdy IN ETHaNOL, radULa IN ETHaNOL), 20110420D CHINa, GaNsU, WEN XIaN, TIELOUzaNGzU XIaNG, abOvE pOwEr LINE (OppOsITE sHOrE), 1558 m, 32°53.716'N, 104°25.831'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 20 Apr 2011 .</p><p>Etymology. THE NamE ImmaCULaTUs (LaTIN: ImmaCULaTE, sTaINLEss) rEfErs TO THE pErfECT LOOkING, pUrE, bEaUTIfUL sHELL Of THE NEw spECIEs.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL, fLaT spECIEs wITH smOOTH R1, NOrmaLLy LONG R2 aNd R3; R2 wITH ExTrEmELy fINE, LOw rIbs (aNTErIOr CrUsT LOw, CUrvEd IN pOsTErIOr dIrECTION); R3 wITH LOw, bLUNT swELLING; pErIsTOmE rOUNdEd.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 8C) rEddIsH bEIGE; sHELL OUTLINE OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE vEry LITTLE ELEvaTEd, sHELL NEarLy fLaT; EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.75 wHOrLs, GLOssy; bOUNdary bETwEEN prOTOCONCH aNd R1 HardLy vIsIbLE; R1 CONsIsTs Of abOUT 1.5 wHOrLs, aLmOsT COmpLETELy smOOTH, wITH ONLy vEry INCONspICUOUs, IrrEGULar GrOwTH LINEs, wHICH arE vIsIbLE UNdEr HIGH maGNIfICaTION ONLy; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 vEry CLEarLy vIsIbLE UNdEr mICrOsCOpE; R2 ExTrEmELy dENsELy rIbbEd (FIGUrEs 17C–D), wITH LOw, bLUNT rIbs; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 was ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN (FIGUrEs 17E–F, 68F): aNTErIOr CrUsT fOrms a LOw, bLUNT, OCCasIONaLLy sLIGHTLy HOLLOw rIb, sTrONGLy bENT OvEr pOsTErIOr CrUsT (aNTErIOr CrUsT NOT bENT IN aNTErIOr dIrECTION, as IN mOsT OTHEr Dicharax spECIEs); CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of mICrOTUNNELs NEarLy rOUNdEd drOp sHapEd; COmbINEd LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN 90 dEGrEEs; R2 aNd R3 arE Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH, Or R3 vEry sLIGHTLy LONGEr; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE bECaUsE Of CHaNGE Of sCULpTUrE, CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 vEry sLIGHT; R3 smOOTH aNd GLOssy, wITH LOw, bLUNT swELLING; apErTUrE ExaCTLy rOUNdEd; pErIsTOmE OvEraLL vEry THIN, bOUNdary bETwEEN LIps CLEarLy vIsIbLE, OUTEr LIp vEry sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd; INNEr LIp THIN, bUT IN sOmE spECImENs qUITE sTrONGLy prOTrUdING (THErEfOrE TwO LIps sITUaTEd far frOm EaCH OTHEr).</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.3–3.9, H = 1.6–2.1 (N = 5).</p><p>Operculum. VEry THIN, sTrONGLy CONCavE, yELLOwIsH. THE OUTEr sIdE Is mULTIspIraL wITH apprOx. 4–5 wHOrLs; THE INNEr sIdE Is smOOTH, wITH a sTrONGLy ELEvaTEd NIppLE, wHICH Is NEvErTHELEss smaLL IN dIamETEr.</p><p>Anatomy. TwO maLE spECImENs wErE aNaTOmICaLLy ExamINEd (20110420E, COLL. JUO). THE pENIs Is vEry smaLL (mUCH sHOrTEr THaN THE rIGHT TENTaCLE), papILLa-LIkE.</p><p>Radula. THE radULa Of ONE spECImEN was ExamINEd (20110420E, sp1, COLL. JUO). THE TEETH arE vEry sImILar TO THOsE Of THE OTHEr spECIEs, bUT aLL CUsps arE bLUNTEr THaN THOsE Of OTHEr ExamINEd spECIEs. THE LaTEraL TEETH arE vEry sImILar TO THOsE Of D. fimbriatus .</p><p>Variation in specimens. NO TraITs wErE parTICULarLy varIabLE.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax immaculatus n. sp. dIffErs frOm THE GEOGrapHICaLLy CLOsELy OCCUrrING pOpULaTIONs Of D. cristatus by THE smaLLEr, fLaTTEr sHELL, THE GLOssy R1 aNd R3, sHarpEr swELLING ON R3 aNd dEEpEr CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3. MOsT ImpOrTaNTLy HOwEvEr, THE R2 rIbs Of Dicharax immaculatus n. sp. arE CUrvEd IN pOsTErIOr dIrECTION.</p><p>THE spECIEs mOsT sImILar TO Dicharax immaculatus n. sp. Is D. fargesianus, wHICH Has sUpErfICIaLLy sImILar rIbs ON R2, aLTHOUGH THEy arE mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd THaN IN D. immaculatus n. sp. THE R1 aNd R3 rEGIONs Of Dicharax fargesianus arE NEvErTHELEss rIbbEd, wHErEas THEy arE smOOTH, GLOssy IN THE NEw spECIEs. MOrEOvEr, THE pErIsTOmE Is mUCH THICkEr IN D. fargesianus aNd IT Has a sHarpEr swELLING ON R3. Dicharax microcostatus n. sp. Is sImILar TO Dicharax immaculatus n. sp. dUE TO THE GLOssy R1 aNd R3 aNd THE rOUNdEd pErIsTOmE. THE TwO spECIEs arE dIsTINGUIsHabLE basEd ON spIrE HEIGHT (LOw IN D. immaculatus n. sp. aNd ELEvaTEd IN D. microcostatus n. sp.), THE mUCH LONGEr R2 IN D. immaculatus N. sp, aNd THE fINE sTrUCTUrE Of THE rIbs ON R2.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax immaculatus n. sp. Is kNOwN frOm TwO NEarby sITEs wITH rOUGHLy 2 km dIsTaNCE INbETwEEN (FIGUrE 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFE4FFCCFF0BFA24FE09FA3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFE7FFCBFF0BF9C9FCC3FE53.text	03CA87D8FFE7FFCBFF0BF9C9FCC3FE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax (?) moellendorffi (Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1886)</p><p>FIGUrE 18.</p><p>Alycaeus inflatus Möllendorff, 1886: 168, pl. 5, fig. 7.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) möllendorffi Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149 . (nomen novum pro inflatus Möllendorff, 1886, non inflatus Godwin-Austen, 1874)</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) moellendorffi — Kobelt, 1902: 359.</p><p>Chamalycaeus moellendorffi — Yen, 1939: 30, pl. 2, fig. 35.</p><p>Chamalycaeus (Chamalycaeus) moellendorffi — Zilch, 1957: 86 (4/6): 144, pl. 5, fig. 12.</p><p>Types examined. LECTOTypE SMF 39236, 2 paraLECTOTypEs SMF 39237, 8 paraLECTOTypEs SMF 39238, CHINa: DaUdsHOU (HUNaN), COLL. MöLLENdOrff 1886, COLL. BOETTGEr; 3 paraLECTOTypEs SMF 39302, COLL. KObELT, samE daTa as prEvIOUs.</p><p>Museum material examined. SMF 109789 /2, CHINa, HUNaN, LEG . MöLLENdOrff, COLL. K.L. PfEIffEr, Ex COLL. JETsCHIN 1928 ; SMF 39240/1, HENG-dsHOU-fU (TsCHOU-fU), HUNaN: CHINa, COLL. O. BOETTGEr Ex COLL. GrEdLEr 1886 ; SMF 39239/2, PaTUNG, HUpEI, CHINa, COLL. O. BOETTGEr Ex COLL. GrEdLEr 1887 ; NHMUK 1891.3.17.786–787/2, HUNaN, LEG . HUNGErfOrd; NHMUK 1899.8.22.94–98/2, HUNaN; NHMUK 20150481 /2, HUNaN, COLL. SykEs, 1954 ; NHMUK 20150482 /3, CHINa, HUNaN; NHMW 41005 /2, HUNaN; NHMW 40497 /10, HUNaN, COLL. MöLLENdOrff; NHMW 71640 /O/7351/1, HUNaN, COLL. ObErwImmEr Ex COLL. MöLLENdOrff.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH LONG R2 aNd R3, rEGULarLy rIbbEd R1 aNd R3, smOOTH R2 wITH THE NarrOw LIGHT aNd THICk dark TraNsvErsE sTrIpEs aLTErNaTE, aNd vEry sLIGHTLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 18A) LIGHT TaN; sHELL OUTLINE OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, sHELL aLmOsT fLaT, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL vEry sLIGHTLy aNGULaTEd, raTHEr “parabOLIC”; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs, aLmOsT smOOTH, GLOssy; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.75 Or sLIGHTLy mOrE wHOrLs, rEGULarLy rIbbEd, rIbs bECOmE GradUaLLy LEss dENsE aNTErIOrLy; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 abrUpT; LENGTH Of R2 + R3 sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN HaLf wHOrL; R2 aNd R3 Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; R2 smOOTH (FIGUrEs 18B–D), wITH NarrOw LIGHT (= mICrOTUNNELs) aNd THICk dark (= arEa bETwEEN THE mICrOTUNNELs) TraNsvErsE sTrIpEs aLTErNaTE; ON SEM ImaGEs EdGE Of aNTErIOr CrUsT vIsIbLE as dOUbLE, paraLLEL LINE; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 was ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN (NHMW 40497, FIGUrE 18E, 68G); aNTErIOr CrUsT ENTIrELy fLaT, ITs pOsTErIOr prOjECTION fOrms a mICrOTUNNEL wITH raTHEr ELLIpTICaL CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw wITH THE pOsTErIOr CrUsT; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE bECaUsE Of a CONspICUOUs CONsTrICTION; R3 wITH raTHEr IrrEGULar GrOwTH rIbs; apErTUrE ExTErNaLLy sLIGHTLy CrENULaTEd by HavING INCONspICUOUs kNOTs aNd sLIGHT UppEr INCIsION; OUTEr LIp sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd aNd wIdENEd, INNEr LIp THICkENEd, THE bOUNdary bETwEEN THE TwO LIps CLEarLy vIsIbLE.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 5.0–5.3, H = 2.7–2.8 (N = 3, SMF 39238).</p><p>Operculum. OUTEr sIdE mULTIspIraL, wITHOUT ELEvaTEd LamELLa; THE INNEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpENEd spECImEN (NHMW 40497) was ExamINEd, IT Is wITH a sTrONGLy ELEvaTEd, pOINTEd, CENTraL NIppLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. THE ExamINEd spECImENs sHOwEd NO NOTabLE varIabILITy IN TErms Of sHELL CHaraCTErs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax moellendorffi CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd by aLL OTHEr CHINEsE aNd VIETNamEsE Dicharax spECIEs by THE smOOTH R2. SEE aLsO UNdEr D. cristatus .</p><p>Distribution. THIs spECIEs prObabLy INHabITs ONLy sOUTHErN HUNaN prOvINCE. THE HIsTOrICaL sampLEs wErE COLLECTEd frOm HUNaN aNd HUbEI prOvINCEs. THE LOCaLITy Of BadONG (HUbEI PrOvINCE) Is, HOwEvEr, prObabLy ErrONEOUs, THErEfOrE IT Is NOT INdICaTEd ON THE map (FIGUrE 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFE7FFCBFF0BF9C9FCC3FE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFE0FFC9FF0BFC4AFC29FA79.text	03CA87D8FFE0FFC9FF0BFC4AFC29FA79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax anthostoma (Mollendorff 1885)	<div><p>Dicharax anthostoma (Möllendorff, 1885)</p><p>FIGUrEs 19A–B.</p><p>Alycaeus anthostoma Möllendorff, 1885: 162 .</p><p>Alycaeus (Charax) anthostoma — Möllendorff, 1886: 166, pl. 5, fig. 4. Alycaeus pentagonus Heude, 1886: 211, new synonym .</p><p>Alycaeus pentagonus — Heude, 1890: 129, Plate 36, fig. 18. Alycaeus (Charax) anthostoma — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149. Alycaeus (Charax) pentagonus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 150. Alycaeus (Dicharax) anthostoma — Kobelt, 1902: 364.</p><p>Alycaeus (Dicharax) pentagonus — Kobelt, 1902: 374.</p><p>Dicharax anthostoma — Yen, 1939: 30, pl. 2, fig. 38.</p><p>Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) anthostoma — Zilch, 1957: 145, pl. 6, fig. 22.</p><p>Types examined. LECTOTypE SMF 39225 aNd 12 paraLECTOTypEs (SMF 39226) Of Alycaeus anthostoma, PaTUNG, HUbEI: CHINa , COLL. BOETTGEr Ex COLL. MöLLENdOrff; 3 paraLECTOTypEs Of A. anthostoma (MCZ 180902), CHINa, HUpé, COLL. MöLLENdOrff, Ex ObErwImmEr, Ex DavId D. THaaNUm, JaN. 1947; 2 syNTypEs Of A. pentagonus (MCZ 167215), CHINa, TCHEN-k'EOU.</p><p>Museum material examined. SMF 39249/4, PaTUNG, HUbEI: CHINa, COLL. MöLLENdOrff; SMF 39227/5, CHaNGyaNG, HUpEI: CHINa, LEG. SCHmaCkEr 1893, COLL. BOETTGEr; SMF 192352 /3, CHINa, COLL. C. BOsCH Ex COLL . H. ROLLE; SMF 109727 /2, CHINa: HUpEI, COLL. K. L. PfEIffEr Ex JETsCHIN Ex MöLLENdOrff; NHMUK 1891.4.24.57 – 60/4, CHaNGya, Ex COLL . CarL BOCk; NHMUK 20150469 /2, CHINa, HUpEH, E.R. SykEs COLL ., 1954; NHMUK 20150470/3, CHaNGyaNG, V.W. MaCANdrEw COLL.; NHMUK 20150471 /2, SECUsaN, CHINa, E.R. SykEs COLL. 1954 .</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.31658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.8924" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.31658/lat 30.8924)">New</a> material examined. HA/3, 2010/31 CHINa, HUbEI, ENsHI TUjIazU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, BadONG XIaN, CHadIaNzIzHEN S, LIaNxIa FENGjINGqU, LIaNTOUCaO N, 1025 m, 30°53.544'N, 110°18.995'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 3 NOv 2010.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL TO mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2, sHarp swELLING ON R3, LarGE dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THE TwO LIps Of THE pErIsTOmE, aNd sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd INNEr LIp.</p><p>Description of the type series of D. anthostoma . SHELL (FIGUrEs 19A–B) ECrU IN COLOUr; sHELL OUTLINE sLIGHTLy OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE mOdEraTELy ELEvaTEd, bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH (1.75 wHOrLs Or sLIGHTLy LEss) LOw, aLmOsT smOOTH, GLOssy; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5–1.75 wHOrLs, fINELy, rEGULarLy rIbbEd (aLmOsT smOOTH IN sOmE spECImENs); rIbs vEry sLIGHTLy LEss dENsE NEar ENd Of R1; NO spIraL LINEs dETECTEd ON R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CLEarLy vIsIbLE bECaUsE Of INCrEasING dENsITy Of rIbs; LENGTH Of R2 + R3 LEss THaN a HaLf wHOrL (abOUT 150–160 dEGrEEs); R2 aNd R3 Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; R2 vEry fINELy aNd dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs CUrvEd TOwards THE apErTUrE; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THaT Of OTHEr spECIEs wITH CUrvEd rIbs ( D. depressus, D. fimbriatus, ETC.); TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE bECaUsE Of a CONspICUOUs, dEEp aNd LONG CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3; afTEr THE CONsTrICTION THErE Is a sHarp swELLING ON R3; R3 wITH raTHEr rEGULar, dENsE rIbs; apErTUrE ExTErNaLLy sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd; OUTEr LIp sHarp, sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, sITUaTEd dIsTaNT frOm THE INNEr LIp, wHICH Is sLIGHTLy THICkENEd, sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.7–5.3, H = 2.4–3.2 (N = 8, sHELLs frOm dIffErENT sampLEs).</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm was ExamINEd (LECTOTypE Of D. anthostoma aNd syNTypE Of D. pentagonus). IT Is CONCavE, mULTIspIraL, bUT NO ELEvaTEd baNd Is vIsIbLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. NO TraITs wErE fOUNd TO bE varIabLE wITHIN THIs spECIEs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax anthostoma Is CHaraCTErIzEd by THE LarGE dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THE TwO LIps Of THE pErIsTOmE. THIs TraIT dIsTINGUIsHEs IT frOm THE vEry sImILar D. fimbriatus . THE pErIsTOmE Of mOsT D. cristatus pOpULaTIONs Is NOT CrENULaTEd. SEE aLsO UNdEr D. fraterculus .</p><p>Distribution. ALL mUsEUm sampLEs wErE COLLECTEd frOm BadONG aNd CHaNGyaNG (bOTH EasTErN HUbEI PrOvINCE) aNd frOm TCHEN-k'EOU (NOrTHErN CHONGqING PrOvINCE). THE ONLy NEwLy COLLECTEd sampLE wE ExamINEd was COLLECTEd NEar BadONG CITy (FIGUrE 20).</p><p>Remarks. THE sHELLs Of THE TypE sErIEs Of Alycaeus anthostoma aNd A. pentagonus sHOw NO dIffErENCEs; THErEfOrE THE LaTTEr Is pLaCEd IN THE jUNIOr syNONymy Of A. anthostoma .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFE0FFC9FF0BFC4AFC29FA79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFE2FFF7FF0BFA1AFE5AF986.text	03CA87D8FFE2FFF7FF0BFA1AFE5AF986.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax bison Asami 2017	<div><p>Dicharax bison Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 21A, 22, 23.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99703, PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.4954&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.919237" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.4954/lat 30.919237)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20070708B CHINa, SICHUaN, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, TaIaNzHEN, QINGCHENGHOUsHaN, SaNLONGsHUIjING RONGdONG, 942 m, 30°55.15418'N, 103°29.72375'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 8 JULy 2007 ; HA/5 paraTypEs, 2015/53 CHINa, SICHUaN, CHENGdU SHI, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, QINGCHENGsHaN, FaNGNING BrIdGE, 200 m frOm ZUsHI TEmpLE, 1130 m, 30°54.337'N, 103°33.282'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 6 JUNE 2015; HNHM 99728 /1 (fIGUrEd paraTypE: sHELL was brOkEN IN OrdEr TO ExamINE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.49392&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.915684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.49392/lat 30.915684)">CrOss</a> sECTION Of R 2 rIbs), HA/15 paraTypEs + 2 brOkEN paraTypE spECImENs, 2015/40 CHINa, SICHUaN, CHENGdU SHI, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, QINGCHENGHOUsHaN, TaIaN ZHEN, vaLLEy UNdEr SaNLONG SHUIjING RONGdONG, 1100 m, 30°54.941'N, 103°29.635'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 3 JUNE 2015 .</p><p>Etymology. THE INfLaTEd LasT wHOrL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, EspECIaLLy THE R2 Is rEmINIsCENT Of a bIsON’s HUmp (Bison sp., BOvIdaE). THE spECIEs NamE bison Is UsEd as a NOUN.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON THE INfLaTEd R2, vEry sHOrT R2 aNd R3, rOUNdEd pErIsTOmE aNd aN ELEvaTEd fUNNEL-sHapE sTrUCTUrE ON THE OUTEr sIdE Of THE OpErCULUm.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 21A) yELLOwIsH Or sLIGHTLy GrEENIsH IvOry; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd Or sLIGHTLy OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE raTHEr fLaT, wITH CONspICUOUsLy INfLaTEd R2, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs (N = 2), raTHEr maTTE; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.75–2 wHOrLs, rEGULarLy, dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs LOw, wITHOUT spIraL LINEs; rIbs bECOmING sLIGHTLy mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd TOwards ENd Of R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CLEarLy vIsIbLE; R2 vEry dENsELy rIbbEd (FIGUrEs 22A–B), rIbs CUrvEd TOwards THE apErTUrE; CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 (FIGUrEs 22C–D) COULd bE ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN: aNTErIOr CrUsT fOrms a sIGNIfICaNTLy ELEvaTEd, HOLLOw rIb THaT Has a sTrONGEr aNTErIOr aNd wEakEr pOsTErIOr prOjECTION; THE aNTErIOr CrUsT fOLds OvEr THE mUCH wEakEr pOsTErIOr CrUsT THaT Is aLsO HOLLOw; CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of mICrOTUNNEL drOp-sHapEd; COmbINEd LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 sHOrT, apprOxImaTELy 70–80 dEGrEEs ONLy; R2 aNd R3 Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE, INdICaTEd by a dEEp CONsTrICTION; R3 wITH swELLING vEry CLOsE TO pErIsTOmE; R3 IrrEGULarLy wrINkLEd, raTHEr smOOTH aNd GLOssy; apErTUrE aLmOsT pErfECTLy rOUNd; bOUNdary bETwEEN TwO LIps HardLy vIsIbLE, OUTEr LIp sTrNGLy ExpaNdEd, sHarp, ONLy sLIGHTLy ExpaNdEd; INNEr LIp vEry wEak.</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE (FIGUrEs 23A–C) Of THE OpErCULUm Is COrNEOUs, mULTIspIraL, bUT NO LamELLa Is vIsIbLE. IN addITION TO THIs sUrfaCE, THErE Is aN ELEvaTEd, dEEp fUNNEL-LIkE sTrUCTUrE HavING rECOGNIsabLE COILs, sTarTING frOm THE EdGE Of THE NUCLEUs. THE EdGE Of THIs "fUNNEL" Is sLIGHTLy bENT IN THE dIrECTION Of THE OpErCULUm. THIs fUNNEL-LIkE sTrUCTUrE Is prObabLy HOmOLOGOUs wITH THE mULTIspIraL LamELLa ON THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm Of OTHEr aLyCaEId spECIEs. THE INNEr sIdE (FIGUrEs 23D–F) Of THE OpErCULUm Has aN ELEvaTEd, CENTraL NIppLE.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 4.6–5.5, H = 2.7–3.4 (N = 9).</p><p>Variation in specimens. ExCEpT fOr sHELL sIzE, NO TraITs wErE fOUNd TO bE parTICULarLy varIabLE.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. D. bison n. sp. Is sLIGHTLy LarGEr THaN D. planorbulus, Has a sLIGHTLy mOrE ELEvaTEd spIrE, mOrE ExpaNdEd pErIsTOmE, sHOrTEr aNd mOrE INfLaTEd R2 aNd mOrE CONspICUOUs swELLING ON R3. MOrEOvEr D. bison n. sp. Has aN ELEvaTEd rING ON THE OpErCULUm, wHICH Is absENT IN D. planorbulus . THE INdIaN D. rechilaensis Is vEry sImILar TO D. bison n. sp., bUT IT Has LEss dENsE rIbs ON R3, aNd ITs OpErCULUm LaCks THE fUNNEL-LIkE sTrUCTUrE.</p><p>Metalycaeus awalycaeoides n. sp. aNd sOmE pOpULaTIONs LIsTEd UNdEr M. muciferus arE sImILar TO D. bison n. sp. IN TErms Of THE INfLaTEd R2, aNd sHOrT R2 aNd R3. THEsE TwO spECIEs dIffEr IN THE sCULpTUrE Of THE prOTOCONCH (smOOTH IN D. bison n. sp. aNd spIraLLy sTrIaTEd IN M. muciferus), THE sCULpTUrE Of THE TELEOCONCH (wITHOUT spIraL sTrIaE D. bison n. sp. aNd wITH spIraL sTrIaE IN M. muciferus), aNd THE R1 THaT Has a swELLING CLOsE TO THE pErIsTOmE IN D. bison n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax bison n. sp. Is kNOwN frOm THrEE NEarby LOCaLITIEs IN THE vICINITy Of DUjIaNGyaN CITy, SICHUaN PrOvINCE (FIGUrE 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFE2FFF7FF0BFA1AFE5AF986	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFDCFFFCFF0BF90CFBBBFA3F.text	03CA87D8FFDCFFFCFF0BF90CFBBBFA3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax cristatus (Mollendorff 1886)	<div><p>Dicharax cristatus (Möllendorff, 1886)</p><p>FIGUrEs 12C–D, 13C, 24–27, 28A–D, 29C–D, 30.</p><p>Alycaeus cristatus Möllendorff, 1886: 168, pl. 5, fig. 6.</p><p>Alycaeus (Charax) cristatus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 150.</p><p>Alycaeus (Dicharax) cristatus — Kobelt, 1902: 367.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) smithi Fulton, 1907: 157, pl. 10, fig. 5. new synonym Alycaeus (Charax) fimbriatus var. simplicilabris Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1912: 53 –54, pl. 6, fig. 18. new synonym. Dicharax cristatus — Yen, 1939: 30, pl. 2, fig. 39.</p><p>Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) cristatus — Zilch, 1957: 146, pl. 6, fig. 23. Chamalycaeus depressus — Do et al., 2015: 118, fig 1A.</p><p>Chamalycaeus heudei — Do et al., 2015: 118, fig 1C.</p><p>Chamalycaeus sp1.— Do et al., 2015: 118, fig 1E.</p><p>Types examined. LECTOTypE SMF 39231, 11 paraLECTOTypEs SMF 39232, 2 paraLECTOTypEs (SMF 39233) Of Alycaeus cristatus, Süd-HUNaN: CHINa , COLL. MöLLENdOrff 1886; 4 syNTypEs Of Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) smithi (NHMUK 1907.5.3.137–140), MENGTzU, YUNNaN ; 2 syNTypEs Of A. smithi (UMMZ 90166, pHOTOs rECEIvEd frOm Dr. TaEHwaN LEE), YüNNaN, CHINa , COLL. BryaNT WaLkEr Ex COLL. FULTON; MNHN IM-2012-27167 (TypE spECImEN, prObabLy HOLOTypE Of A. fimbriatus var. simplicilabris), MUONG-HUm, LEG. MEssaGEr.</p><p>Museum material examined. SMF 192410 /4 (UNdEr THE NamE smithi), CHINa: YUNNaN , COLL. C. BOsCH Ex COLL. H. ROLLE; SMF 39253/1 (wITH THE LabELs " intermedius " aNd anthostoma), MaNG-HaO, YüNNaN, CHINa, LEG . FULTON 1895; SMF 39234/2 (wITH vEry LOw swELLING ON R3 aNd THICk pErIsTOmE), Ta-TU-HO b. FU-LIN: SzECHwaN, CHINa, COLL. KrEjCI-Graf; SMF 39235/13 (wITH LOw swELLING ON R2), LU-HO, südL. LU-TIN-dsHOU, SzECHwaN, CHINa, COLL. KrEjCI- Graf; SMF 40271/1 (wITH sHOrT R3 aNd LOw swELLING), LU-TIN-dsHOU, SzECHwaN, CHINa, COLL. KrEjCI-Graf; SMF 39250/14 (mIxEd sampLE wITH M. helicodes: SMF 346399), PaTUNG, HUpEI, CHINa , COLL. MöLLENdOrff; SMF 40293/1 (LabELLEd as " monticola SCHmaCkEr &amp; BOETTGEr"), ZaN-YaNG, 7000', CENTraL CHINa (THE CLOsEsT LOCaTION TO THaT CITy Of THaT ELEvaTION <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.76667/lat 33.95)">Is</a> TaIbaI SHaN: 33°57'N, 107°46'E), LEG. S. YaNkOwsky , COLL. O. BOETTGEr; SMF 39251/2 (wITH smOOTH R3 wITHOUT swELLING), HUNaN Or HUpEI ; SMF 346400 /6 (mIxEd sampLE wITH M. rathouisianus: SMF 39305), HUNaN , CHINa, COLL. MöLLENdOrff; NHMUK 1895.4.30.53–54/2 (LabELLEd as " intermedius SCHmaCkEr &amp; BOETTGEr"), MENGTzU, YUNNaN; NHMUK 20150472 /2 (UNdEr THE NamE smithi), MENGTzU, YUNNaN , CHINa, E. SykEs COLL. 1954; NHMUK 20150473 /2 (LabELLEd as intermedius), YUNNaN, E.R. SykEs COLL. 1954; NHMUK 20150474 /2 (LabELLEd as plicilabris), HUNaN , CHINa, E.R. SykEs COLL. 1954; MNHN IM-2012-27040/6, MUONG-HUm, LEG. MEssaGEr; MNHN IM-2012-27041/3, MUONG-HUm, LEG. MEssaGEr; NHMUK 20150483 /2, TONkIN, MUONG-KUN, COLL. E. SykEs, 1954 ; MMGY/1, NO LOCaLITy; NHMUK 20150484 /1 (LabELLEd as simplex), TONkIN, E.R. SykEs COLL. 1954. SEE aLsO UNdEr REmarks.</p><p>New material examined. OK/1, 20060507D GaNsU, HUI XIaN, JIaNGLUO ZHEN, QINGHEyaNsUIdaO , 1189 m, 33°55.97072'N, 105°47.85497'E, LEG. K. OHara, K, OkUbO, &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 7 May 2006; PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20070712B CHINa, SICHUaN, QIONGLaI SHI, TIaNTaIsHaN ZHEN, TIaNTaIsHaN abOvE ZHENzHUpUbU, 30°16.87597'N, 103°07.46883'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 12 JULy 2007; OKA /1, PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20070714A CHINa , SICHUaN, EmEIsHaN SHI, EsHaN ZHEN, EmEIsHaN, WaNNIaNsI, 865 m, 29°34.83012'N, 103°22.97325'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 12 JULy 2007; HA/2, 2015/71 CHINa, SICHUaN, LEsHaN SHI, EmEIsHaN SHI, EmEIsHaN, WaNNIaNsI, TEmpLE yard, 1000 m, 29°34.861'N, 103°22.882'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 17 JUNE 2015; PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20070714B CHINa , SICHUaN, EmEIsHaN SHI, EsHaN ZHEN, EmEIsHaN, BaILONGdONG, 821 m, 29°34.73141'N, 103°23.32436'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 14 JULy 2007; JUO/2 sHELLs + ETHaNOL-prEsErvEd bOdIEs, 20130911B CHINa, SICHUaN, PaNzHIHUa SHI, MIyI XIaN, NINGHUa XIaNG, LONGTaN PUbU (waTErfaLLs), 1088 m, 27°00.035'N, 102°12.440'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 11 SEp 2013; HA/3 wEaTHErEd sHELLs, 2015/57 CHINa, SICHUaN, PaNzHIHUa SHI, YaNbIaN XIaN, QINGHE PUbU, UppEr ENd Of THE waTErfaLL , 1650 m, 27°03.924'N, 101°23.884'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 9 JUNE 2015; HA/11+ 2 spECImENs IN ETHaNOL + radULa IN dOUbLE-faCEd adHEsIvE TapE, 2015/56 CHINa, SICHUaN, PaNzHIHUa SHI, MIyI XIaN, BaIma XIaNG, LONGTaN PUbU, ZHUaNxULONGdONG, 1610 m, 26°59.666'N, 102°12.521'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 8 JUNE 2015; OKA /1, PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20040518A CHINa, YUNNaN, DaLIbaIzU ZIzHIzHOU, JIaNCHUaN XIaN, DIaNNaN, BIaNfUdONG , 2200 m, LEG. K. OkUbO, 18 May 2004; HA/15 (sOmE Of THEm arE wEaTHErEd), 2016/100 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, LaNTIaN XIaNG, mOUNTaIN abOvE LaUCI CUN (NOrTHErN sIdE), 1215 m, 31°55.399'N, 108°53.421'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 8 JUNE 2016; HA/2, 2016/ 103 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, DONGaN XIaNG, apprOx. 2 km <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.09393&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.75685" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.09393/lat 31.75685)">sOUTH Of</a> DONGaN, arOUNd GUaNyINyaN, 1140 m, 31°45.411'N, 109°05.636'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 9 JUNE 2016 ; HA/2, 2016/105 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, QINGLONGxIa, ZHONGCHaNG, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.01048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.831966" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.01048/lat 31.831966)">vaLLEy Of</a> THE BaOxI HE, 1055 m, 31°49.918'N, 109°00.629'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI , 10 JUNE 2016; HA/1, 2016/108 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, HEyU XIaNG, 1200 m NOrTH frOm HEyU CUN TOwards WaNjIabaNG, YaNGHUzI, 1110 m, 31°52.906'N, 108°57.414'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 9 JUNE 2016; HA/1, 2016/109 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, HEyU XIaNG, 5 km NOrTH Of HEyU CUN, vICINITy <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.94012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.904766" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.94012/lat 31.904766)">Of</a> CUOjIkOU, 1260 m, 31°54.286'N, 108°56.407'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI , 12 JUNE 2016; HA/5 (smaLL varIETy), 2016/114 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, YaNHE XIaNG, LUOHaNwUyI, NOrTHErN baNk <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.40203&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.063984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.40203/lat 32.063984)">Of</a> THE CHaxI HE, 32°03.839'N, 108°24.122'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI , 14 JUNE 2016; HA/1, 2010/22 CHINa, HUbEI, YICHaNG SHI, ZIGUI XIaN, MaOpING SW 8 km, SIxI SHENGTaI FENGjINGqU, 345 m, 30°43.728'N, 110°54.751'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 30 OCT 2010; HA/2 sHELLs + 1 jUvENILE, 2010/13 CHINa, HUNaN, ZHaNGjIajIE SHI, ZHaNGjIajIE GUOjIa SENLIN GONGyUaN, TIaNzI SHaN JINGqU, ENvIrONmENT <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.4573&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.382183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.4573/lat 29.382183)">Of</a> SHUaNGHEdONG, 925 m, 29°22.931'N, 110°27.438'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 24 OCT 2010; OKA /1, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20100509A CHINa , HUNaN, ZHaNGjIajIE SHI, WULINGyUaNqU, TIaNzIsHaN, SHUaNGHEdONG, 29°22.95'N, 110°27.45'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 9 May 2010; OKA /16, PGB/3 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20100508A CHINa , HUNaN, ZHaNGjIajIE SHI, WULINGyUaNqU, GUaNyINdONG, 29°22.90'N, 110°36.80'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 8 May 2010; JUO/2, OKA /2, PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20100508B CHINa , HUNaN, CILI XIaN, SaNGUaNsITUjIazU XIaNG, ZHaNGjIajIEdaxIaGU, 29°24.00'N, 110°41.65'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 8 May 2010; HA/2, 2010/7 CHINa, HUNaN, ZHaNGjIajIE SHI, TIaNmENsHaN GUOjIa SENLIN GONGyUaN, YIHONGGUaN (rOCks IN THE fOrEsT), 29°02.912'N, 110°28.616'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 22 OCT 2010; HA/3, 2010/18 CHINa, HUNaN, XIaNGxI TUjIazU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, JIsHOU SHI, AIzHaI ZHEN, DEHaNG FENGjINGqU, YUqUaNxI JINGqU, bEGINNING <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.57578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.343517" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.57578/lat 28.343517)">Of</a> THE GOrGE, 320 m, 28°20.611'N, 109°34.547'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 26 OCT 2010; OK/2 , OKA /1, PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20060109A CHINa , YUNNaN, WENsHaNzHUaNG ZUmIaOzU ZIzHIzHO, GUaNGNaN XIaN, LIjI, 1611 m, 23°45.54175'N, 104°59.55567'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 9 JaN 2006; HA/6, 2011/20 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, GUaNGNaN XIaN, BabaO ZHEN, BabaO NE 1.5 km, LafaNG, 1138 m, 23°44.321'N, 105°25.304'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 24 Mar 2011; HA/ 4, 20 11 /22 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, GUaNGNaN XIaN, BabaO ZHEN, SaNLa, 1010 m, 23°45.350'N, 105°30.067'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 24 Mar 2011; PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20111021 B CHINa, GUaNGxI, TIaNE XIaN, KaImU XIaNG, LaHaOyaN, 685 m, 24°50.993'N, 107°09.963'E, LEG. T. IsHIbE, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 21 OCT 2011; OKA /1, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20150222A CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, TIaNE XIaN, KaImUzHEN, LaHaOyaN, LEG. K. OkUbO 22 FEb 2015; HA/11, 2013/7 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, NaNdaN XIaN, CLIffs SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.602936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.069384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.602936/lat 25.069384)">Of</a> EN CUN, 630 m, 25°04.163'N, 107°36.176'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs , 11 SEp 2013; JUO/7, PGB/4 ( Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20111020 A CHINa , GUaNGxI, NaNdaN XIaN, LIHUyaOzU XIaNG, EN CUN, GaNENdONG, 579 m, 25°04.270'N, 107°36.102'E, LEG. T. IsHIbE, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 20 OCT 2011; HA/58 + 2 jUvENILE sHELLs, 2013/16 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, HUaNjIaNG XIaN, CLIffs abOvE DONGNING VILLaGE S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.96065&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.0995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.96065/lat 25.0995)">Of</a> THE MULUN NaTUrE REsErvE, 530 m, 25°5.970'N, 107°57.639'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 17 SEp 2013 ; MAA3 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, HUaNjIaNG XIaN, MULUN NaTUrE REsErvE (S-EdGE Of MaOLaN NaTUrE REsErvE, bOrdEr wITH GUIzHOU), LEG. T. WHITTEN, SEp 2004, WM/8; PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20111019 E CHINa , GUaNGxI, HUaNjIaNGmaONaNzU ZIzHIxIaN, SHUIyUaN ZHEN, GUaNGNaN, 238 m, 24°49.217'N, 108°06.386'E, LEG. T. IsHIbE, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 19 OCT 2011; PGB/2 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20100515B CHINa, GUaNGxI, GUILIN SHI, CaOpINGHUIzU XIaNG, GUaNyaN, 25°03.33'N, 110°26.88'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 15 May 2010; HA/1 + 1 wEaTHErEd sHELL, 2009/70 CHINa, GUaNGxI, LaIbIN SHI, EasTErN EdGE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.16715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.40585" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.16715/lat 23.40585)">Of</a> XIaOpINGyaN, WUsHaN, 130 m, 23°24.351'N, 109°10.029'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 7 OCT 2009; HE/2, Vn 11-123 VIETNam , Hà GIaNG PrOvINCE, Ca. 7.5 km frOm ĐồNG VăN TO MèO VạC (rIGHT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.39075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.248434" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.39075/lat 23.248434)">Off</a> rOad), 23°14.906'N, 105°23.445'E, LEG. CH . HEmmEN, 23 Mar 2011; DDS/4+3, DDS1 VIETNam, SON La PrOvINCE, THUaN CHaU DIsTrICT, LImEsTONE karsT IN COpIa NaTUraL REsErvE , 1246 m, 21°21'25"N, 103°31'18"E, LEG. Đ. S Đỗ, 0 8 JUNE 2013; HA/2, 2012/60 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE, MộC CHâU 5 km TOwards SƠN La, rIGHT sIdE Of THE rOad NO . 6, 755 m, 20°52.551'N, 104°35.318'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 6 JUNE 2012; HE/17, Vn 12-104 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE, rIGHT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.5885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.876116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.5885/lat 20.876116)">Off</a> rOad MộC CHâU TO SƠN La, 20°52.567'N, 104°35.310'E, LEG. CH . HEmmEN, 0 2 OCT 2012, HE/4, PGB/11 ( Ex COLL. HEmmEN); samE LOCaLITy aNd COLLECTOr , 14.10.2011; HE/1, Vn 11-214 VIETNam , SON La PrOvINCE, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.675934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.831083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.675934/lat 20.831083)">Ca.</a> 4 km frOm MOC CHaU TO MaI CHaU, 20°49.865'N, 104°40.556'E, LEG. CH . &amp; J. HEmmEN, 15 OCT 2011; DDS/13, DDS6 VIETNam, SON La PrOvINCE, VaN HO DIs., VaN HO COm., LImEsTONE fOrEsTs IN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.75584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.785276" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.75584/lat 20.785276)">Pa</a> CHE VILL., 1050 m 20°47'07"N, 104°45'21"E, LEG. Đ.S. Đỗ , 26 OCT 2013; HA/1, 2012/61 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE, Hà N ộI 156 km TOwards MộC CHâU, LEfT sIdE Of THE rOad NO . 6, 1100 m, 20°45.993'N, 104°53.868'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 6 JUNE 2012; HA/2, 2012/ 62 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE, Hà N ộI 156 km TOwards MộC CHâU, rIGHT sIdE Of THE rOad NO. 6 , 1100 m, 20°46.085'N, 104°53.888'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 6 JUNE 2012; JUO/10 + 2 jUvENILE sHELLs; samE daTa aNd COLLECTOr, JUO/15, PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. J.U. OTaNI), 20080512C VIETNam , THaNH HOa PrOvINCE, NGOC LaC DIsTrICT, NGOC KHE COmmUNE, 81 m, 20°05.93390'N, 105°21.95595'E, LEG. K. OHara, K, OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 12 May 2008; PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OkUbO) (sTrONGLy wEaTHErEd sHELL, IdENTIfICaTION qUEsTIONabLE), 20090520A VIETNam, THaI NGUyEN PrOvINCE , VO NHaI DIsTrICT, PHU THUONG COmmUNE, PHUONG HOaNG CavE, MO <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.11845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.7806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.11845/lat 21.7806)">Ga vILLaGE</a>, 146 m, 21°46.836'N, 106°07.107'E, LEG. K. OHara &amp; K. OkUbO 20 May 2009 ; MNHN IM-2012-27327 /2, 39L06 CENTraL LaOs, LUaNG PrabaNG PrOvINCE, apprOx. 1.5 km NE Of BaN Lak SIp, apprOx . 5 km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.184685&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.860083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.184685/lat 19.860083)">Of</a> LUaNG PrabaNG, PHOU XUaNG mOUNTaIN, UNdEr rOCks aNd LOGs IN OLd sECONdary fOrEsT UNdEr CLIff, 640 m, 19°51.605'N, 102°11.081'E, LEG. A. AbdOU &amp; I.V. MUraTOv, 24 NOv 2004.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL TO mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax -TypE rIbs ON R2, sHarp Or mOdEraTELy sHarp swELLING ON R3 (IN THE mIddLE Of R3, Or CLOsE TO THE apErTUrE) aNd IN mOsT CasEs rOUNdEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description of the type series of cristatus . SHELL (FIGUrE 24A) IvOry; sHELL OUTLINE sLIGHTLy OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5–1.75, raTHEr maTTE wHOrLs; R1 CONsIsTs Of sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN 1.75 wHOrLs, raTHEr IrrEGULarLy, dENsELy rIbbEd; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 NOT vEry CONspICUOUs, R2 sLIGHTLy mOrE dENsELy rIbbEd THaN R1; rIbs ON R2 CUrvEd TOwards THE apErTUrE, fOrmING aN OvEraLL NEarLy smOOTH sUrfaCE; LENGTH Of R2 + R3 LEss THaN a HaLf wHOrL LONG (apprOxImaTELy 130 dEGrEEs); R2 aNd R3 Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; bOUNdary bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 INdICaTEd by a sHaLLOw CONsTrICTION; CONsTrICTION fOLLOwEd by raTHEr sHarp swELLING; rIbbING LEss dENsE ON R3 THaN ON R1 (wITH raTHEr IrrEGULar GrOwTH LINEs); apErTUrE rOUNdEd, wITHOUT kNOTs Or CONspICUOUs UppEr INCIsION; OUTEr LIp ONLy INdICaTEd, vEsTIGIaL, NOT rEfLECTEd, INNEr LIp sLIGHTLy THICkENEd. SEE rEmarks rEGardING THE fINE sTrUCTUrE Of THE R2 rIbs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.7–5.6, H = 2.1–3.5 (N = 60, sHELLs frOm sEvEraL sampLEs). SEE aLsO TabLE 1.</p><p>Operculum (FIGUrE 30). OUTEr sUrfaCE Is varIabLE: (1) COrNEOUs, mULTIspIraL, wITHOUT ELEvaTEd LamELLa (20100508A); OfTEN ONLy sOmE rEmaINs Of THE OUTEr LamELLa arE vIsIbLE NEar THE NUCLEUs aNd THE EdGE Of THE OpErCULUm (2006.01.09A; 1 OUT Of 2 sHELLs Had OpErCULUm); (2) wITH a wrINkLEd, rELaTIvELy LOw, raTHEr THICk, sTraIGHT, mULTIspIraL LamELLa (20130911B); (3) wITH aN ELEvaTEd, fINE, THIN, rEddIsH-brOwN LamELLa Of mULTIpLE wHOrLs; THIs LamELLa Is raTHEr smOOTH aNd sTraIGHT, LOwEsT NEar THE NUCLEUs aNd HIGHEsT NEar THE EdGE Of THE OpErCULUm, fOrmING a rELaTIvELy dEEp fUNNEL (MNHN IM-2012-27040: 2 OUT Of 6 spECImENs pOssEssEd OpErCULa; MNHN IM-2012-27041: 1 OUT Of 3 sHELLs Had OpErCULUm).</p><p>THE INNEr sUrfaCE Is smOOTH, wITH a LOw NIppLE ON ITs mIddLE (20100508A) Or wITH aN ELEvaTEd, pOINTEd NIppLE (20130911B).</p><p>Anatomy. ONE maLE spECImEN was aNaTOmICaLLy ExamINEd (20130911B, COLL. JUO). THE pENIs Is LarGE (sLIGHTLy LONGEr THaN THE rIGHT TENTaCLE) aNd pOINTEd (FIGUrEs 12C–D).</p><p>Radula. THE radULa Of ONE spECImEN was ExamINEd (2015/56, COLL. PGB, FIGUrE 13C). THE TEETH arE vEry sImILar TO THOsE Of Dicharax alticola n. sp. THE dIffErENCEs arE THE fOLLOwING: THE CUsps Of THE LaTEraL TEETH arE LONGEr aNd bLUNTEr; THE CUsps Of THE marGINaL TEETH arE sLIGHTLy mOrE sLENdEr.</p><p>Variation in specimens. Dicharax cristatus Is a varIabLE spECIEs IN TErms Of THE sHELL sIzE, THE spIrE HEIGHT (fLaT TO sOmEwHaT ELEvaTEd), pErIsTOmE (sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd TO NOT CrENULaTEd), THE sCULpTUrE Of R1 (smOOTH TO rEGULarLy rIbbEd), aNd THE prEsENCE/absENCE/pOsITION Of THE swELLING ON R3. THE INdIvIdUaL pOpULaTIONs LIsTEd UNdEr THIs spECIEs mIGHT bE vEry dIffErENT frOm EaCH OTHEr, bUT THEy arE CONNECTEd wITH a sErIEs Of INTErmEdIaTE fOrms. TabLE 1 COmpILEs THE varIabLE TraITs aNd THEIr CHaraCTEr sTaTEs IN ExamINEd pOpULaTIONs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. MOsT Dicharax cristatus pOpULaTIONs dIffEr frOm D. moellendorffi by THE mOrE rOUNdEd sHELL sHapE, sHOrTEr R2, aNd sHOrTEr R3 wITH sHarpEr swELLING. MOsT ImpOrTaNTLy HOwEvEr, THE R2 Of D. moellendorffi Is smOOTH (ONLy dark aNd LIGHT TraNsvErsE sTrIpEs aLTErNaTE), wHErEas D. cristatus Has rIbs TypICaL TO Dicharax .</p><p>THE raNGE Of Dicharax fimbriatus aNd D. cristatus OvErLaps GrEaTLy, bUT THErE Is a sINGLE sITE wHErE THEy arE kNOwN TO LIvE IN sTrICT sympaTry (LOCaLITy COdE: 2011/20). THErEfOrE, THE TwO spECIEs arE NOT CONspECIfIC. ON THE OTHEr HaNd, NO sINGLE mUTUaLLy ExCLUsIvE TraITs CaN bE NamEd TO dIsTINGUIsH THEm dUE TO THE faCT THaT bOTH spECIEs arE varIabLE, INCLUdING sEvEraL LOCaL pOpULaTIONs wITH UNIqUE mOrpHOLOGICaL TraITs. GENEraLLy Dicharax fimbriatus Is CHaraCTErIzEd by a CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE, wHICH Is rOUNdEd IN mOsT pOpULaTIONs Of D. cristatus . HOwEvEr, aLTHOUGH NO pOpULaTIONs Of D. fimbriatus arE kNOwN TO INCLUdE ONLy spECImENs wITH rOUNdEd apErTUrE, sOmE D. fimbriatus pOpULaTIONs INCLUdE spECImENs HavING rOUNdEd pErIsTOmEs. FUrTHErmOrE, sOmE D. cristatus pOpULaTIONs HavE CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE. IN THOsE CasEs D. cristatus sHELL CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm D. fimbriatus sHELLs ON THE basIs Of THE swELLING ON R3, wHICH Is sITUaTEd mUCH CLOsEr TO THE apErTUrE THaN IN D. fimbriatus . SEE aLsO UNdEr D. alticola n. sp., D. anthostoma, D. robustus n. sp., D. depressus, D. diminutus aNd D. fargesianus .</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax cristatus Is a wIdEsprEad spECIEs, wHICH Is kNOwN frOm GaNsU, SHaaNxI, SICHUaN, YUNNaN, HUNaN, HUbEI, GUaNGxI PrOvINCEs aNd NOrTHErN VIETNam.</p><p>Remarks. THE CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 was ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN (20111020 A, FIGUrEs 28C–D): aNTErIOr CrUsT fOrms a sIGNIfICaNTLy ELEvaTEd, HOLLOw rIb, wHICH Has a sTrONGEr aNTErIOr aNd wEakEr pOsTErIOr prOjECTION; aNTErIOr CrUsT fOLds sTrONGLy OvEr THE mUCH wEakEr pOsTErIOr CrUsT; pOsTErIOr CrUsT THICk, IT Is aLsO HOLLOw OCCasIONaLLy; CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of THE mICrOTUNNEL Is dEfOrmEd TEardrOp-sHapEd.</p><p>THE TypE sErIEs Of Alycaeus smithi (FIGUrEs 24B–C) dIffErs frOm THE LarGEr D. cristatus by THE dEEpEr CONsTrICTION aNd mOrE CONspICUOUs swELLING ON R3, mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs ON R1 aNd sHOrTEr R2. THEsE arE, HOwEvEr, ONLy mINOr dIffErENCEs aNd dO NOT aLLOw THE sEparaTION Of A. smithi frOm D. cristatus . MOrEOvEr, TypICaL cristatus aNd TypICaL smithi spECImENs arE CONNECTEd by INTErmEdIaTE fOrms. Alycaeus (Charax) fimbriatus var. simplicilabris (FIGUrE 27A) dIffErs frOm TypICaL Alycaeus cristatus by THE LarGEr sIzE, LOwEr swELLING ON R2, aNd THE sLIGHTLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE. HOwEvEr, THEsE Taxa arE aLsO CONNECTEd by INTErmEdIaTE fOrms. THErEfOrE, A. smithi aNd A. fimbriatus var. simplicilabris arE syNONyms Of Dicharax cristatus .</p><p>THErE arE THrEE pOpULaTIONs (20111021 B: FIGUrE 27C, 2011/22: FIGUrE 27E, 2012/60: FIGUrE 27F) wITH LarGE sHELLs aNd a sHarp swELLING, wHICH Is sITUaTEd CLOsE TO THE pErIsTOmE. INITIaLLy wE CONsIdErEd THEm as a spECIEs sEparaTE frOm Dicharax cristatus, bUT wE rEjECTEd THIs pOssIbILITy, bECaUsE THE TypE spECImENs Of Alycaeus fimbriatus var. simplicilabris aNd sOmE TOpOTypIC spECImENs sHOw a pErfECT TraNsITION bETwEEN THE ONE frOm a bLUNT TO THE ONE wITH a vEry sHarp swELLING ON THE R3.</p><p>A sampLE CONTaINEd 6 sHELLs Of TypICaL A. simplicilabris (MNHN IM-2012-27040), aNd ONE sHELL Of D. fimbriatus (MNHN IM-2012-27044), aNd THErE wErE TwO smaLL LabELs, ONE wITH THE sCrIpT "MUONG-HUm" aNd THE OTHEr wITH "PaC-KHa". WE assUmE THaT THE D. fimbriatus sHELL was OrIGINaLLy frOm PaC-KHa, bECaUsE IT Is THE TypE LOCaLITy Of THE spECIEs, wHErEas THE D. simplicilabris sHELLs wErE COLLECTEd frOm MUONG-HUm, bECaUsE aNOTHEr sampLE Of THE spECIEs was aLsO COLLECTEd frOm THErE (sEE UNdEr MaTErIaL ExamINEd).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFDCFFFCFF0BF90CFBBBFA3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFD7FFFAFF0BF9D4FE7FF83D.text	03CA87D8FFD7FFFAFF0BF9D4FE7FF83D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax depressus (Bavay & Dautzenberg 1912)	<div><p>Dicharax depressus (Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1912)</p><p>FIGUrEs 12E–F, 13D, 28E–H, 29E–F, 31A–C.</p><p>Alycaeus depressus Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1912: 51 –52, pl. 4, figs 10–13.</p><p>Types examined. MNHN IM- 2012-27 165 (TypE spECImEN, prObabLy HOLOTypE), PaC-KHa, LEG. MEssaGEr.</p><p>Museum material examined. MNHN IM-2012-27039 (2 sHELLs), PaC-KHa, LEG. MEssaGEr; MNHN IM-2012- 27028/4 (mIxEd sampLE wITH " Dicharax sp.": MNHN IM-2012-27047), PaC-KHa, COLL. STaadT, 1969; MNHN IM- 2012-27030/3, TONkIN, PaC-KHa, COLL. DENIs 1945; SMF 192368/2, TONkIN, COLL. C. BOsCH Ex COLL. H. ROLLE; NHMUK 1910.1.21.13–14/2, TONkIN, PaC KHa, prObabLy LEG. MEssaGEr.</p><p>New material examined. HE/1, Vn 10-109 VIETNam, SON <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.98998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.255167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.98998/lat 21.255167)">La PrOvINCE</a>, E Of SON La, 0.5 km ON sECONdary rOad, 21°15.310'N, 103°59.399'E, LEG . CH. &amp; J. HEmmEN, 10 OCT 2010; HE/3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.6587&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.9009" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.6587/lat 20.9009)">Vn</a> 12-283 VIETNam, SON La PrOvINCE, rOad NO. 104 PHa KHEN TO MOC THUONG, aT km 12.4, 20°54.054'N, 104°39.522'E, LEG . CH. HEmmEN, 0 3 OCT 2012; HE/1, Vn 12-104 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE, rIGHT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.5885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.876116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.5885/lat 20.876116)">Off</a> rOad MộC CHâU TO SƠN La, 20°52.567'N, 104°35.310'E, LEG . CH. HEmmEN, 14 OCT 2011; HA/2, 2012/60 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE, MộC CHâU 5 km TOwards SƠN La, rIGHT sIdE Of THE rOad NO . 6, 755 m, 20°52.551'N, 104°35.318'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 6 JUNE 2012; DDS/15, DDS2 VIETNam, SON La, VaN HO DIsTrICT, VaN HO COm., LImEsTONE fOrEsTs IN Pa CHE VIL., 1050 m, 20°47'07"N, 104°45'21"E, LEG. Đ.S. Đỗ, 26 OCT 2013; HA/1, 2012/62 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE, Hà N ộI 156 km TOwards MộC CHâU, rIGHT sIdE Of THE rOad NO. 6 , 1100 m, 20°46.085'N, 104°53.888'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 6 JUNE 2012; HE/1, Vn 12-223 VIETNam, THaNH HOa PrOvINCE, PU LUONG NaTUrE REsErvE, PHO DONG, 20°26.960'N, 105°10.927'E, LEG. CH. HEmmEN, 15 Apr 2012; WM/3, MAA4 VIETNam, THaNH HOa PrOvINCE, PU LUONG NaTIONaL Park, LImEsTONE HILL bEHINd raNGEr sTaTION, 20°26.95'N, 105°10.93'E, LEG. W. J.M. MaassEN, 22 SEp 2003 (LOCaLITy COdE: WMVT.0345); SMF 346380 /3, Ch 1 VIETNam , THaN HOa PrOvINCE, PU LONG NaTIONaL Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.2275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.4565" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.2275/lat 20.4565)">Am vILLaGE</a>, 20°27.39'N, 105°13.65'E, LEG. W. J.M. MaassEN, 21 SEp 2003, Ex COLL. HEmmEN, PGB/1 ; SMF 346382/1, samE daTa, LEG. HEmmEN, 21 SEp 2003; WM/50, MAA1 samE daTa, LEG. W.J.M. MaassEN, 21 SEp 2003 (LOCaLITy COdE: WMVT.0344), HNHM 99727 /1 (fIGUrEd sHELL), PGB/ 5 ( Ex COLL. MaassEN); JUO/1 (sHELL, bOdy IN ETHaNOL, radULa ON dOUbLE-faCEd adHEsIvE TapE), 20080510B VIETNam , NGHE AN PrOvINCE, PU HUONG NaTUrE REsErvE, CON CUONG DIsTrICT, ANH SON, DINH SON, 67 m, 19°01.76055'N, 104°55.92037'E, LEG. K. OHara, K, OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 May 2008; MNHN IM-2012-27166 /2, 08L06 CENTraL LaOs, XIENG KHOUaNG PrOvINCE, apprOx . 18 km SW Of BaN KO KIENG, apprOx . 22 km SW Of VIENG THONG, ON THE rIGHT sIdE Of Nam KHaN, LImEsTONE, bLaCk sOIL IN LImEsTONE pOCkETs, CLay, UNdEr rOCks aNd LOGs aT basE Of CLIff IN sECONdary fOrEsT , 560 m, 19°54.842'N, 103°14.392'E, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv, 28 OCT 2006; MNHN IM-2012- 27165 /4, 34L06 CENTraL LaOs, LUaNG PrabaNG PrOvINCE, apprOx. 6 km N Of PHOU KHOUN, LImEsTONE, CLay, UNdEr rOCks IN dry sECONdary fOrEsT UNdEr aNd abOvE CLIff , 1244 m, 19°29.653'N, 102°24.470'E, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv, 16 NOv 2006; MNHN IM-2012-27171 /3, 3L05 NOrTHErN LaOs, PHONGsaLy PrOvINCE, SE Of PHONGsaLy, jUsT S Of UppEr rEaCHEs Of Nam FaN (rIvEr), 1215 m, 21°39.654'N, 102°09.484'E, dry OLd fOrEsT, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv, 0 6 Mar 2005; MNHN IM-2012-27169 /1 jUvENILE sHELL, 13L05 NOrTHErN LaOs, PHONGsaLy PrOvINCE, W Of PHONGsaLy E Of Nam HONG (rIvEr), 953 m, 21°41.382'N, 102°04.053'E, Dry OLd fOrEsT, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv, 11 Mar 2005; MNHN IM-2012-27168 /20 (mOsTLy wEaTHErEd sHELLs), 11L04 NOrTHErN LaOs, PHONGsaLI PrOvINCE, OLd fOrEsT jUsT <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.84292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.335867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.84292/lat 21.335867)">sOUTH Of Nam</a> LaN RIvEr, GypsUm, CLay, sTN. 11L04, 21°20.152'N, 101°50.575'E, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv &amp; N. PHOTHIHOUmpHaNH, 21 NOv 2004; MNHN IM-2012-27170 /2 (ONE wEaTHErEd aNd ONE jUvENILE sHELL), 13L04 NOrTHErN LaOs , PHONGsaLI PrOvINCE, CLay, yOUNG fOrEsT <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.868935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.332333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.868935/lat 21.332333)">NOrTH Of Nam</a> LaN RIvEr, sTN. 13L04 21°19.940'N, 101°52.136'E, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv &amp; N. PHOTHIHOUmpHaNH, 22 NOv 2004; MNHN IM-2012-27167 /1, 08L04 NOrTHErN LaOs , PHONGsaLI PrOvINCE, OLd fOrEsT aT 24 km rOad pOsT bETwEEN (SE Of) BOUN NEUa aNd (SW Of) PHONGsaLy, 1208 m, 21°36.095'N, 101°58.818'E, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv, 18 NOv 2004.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2 aNd sIGNIfICaNTLy THICkENEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description of the holotype. SHELL (FIGUrE 31A) LIGHT GrEy; sHELL OUTLINE OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of aLmOsT 1.5 wHOrLs; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.75 wHOrLs, GLOssy wITH rEGULar, dENsE rIbs, wHICH GradUaLLy TraNsfOrm TO aN IrrEGULarLy rIbbEd sECTION HavING wIdELy spaCEd rIbs aT ENd Of R1; rIbs LOw aNd bLUNT ON wHOLE sHELL; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 vEry CLEarLy vIsIbLE; R2 vEry dENsELy rIbbEd; rIbs CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE; COmbINEd LENGTH Of R2 + R3 Is apprOxImaTELy 100–110 dEGrEEs; R3 sLIGHTLy LONGEr THaN R2; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 rELaTIvELy CLEarLy vIsIbLE dUE TO THE dIsappEaraNCE Of THE rIbs Of R3; CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 sHaLLOw; R3 smOOTH, GLOssy, wITH sOmE wIdELy-spaCEd GrOwTH LINEs ON THE TErmINaL parT; apErTUrE sLIGHTLy TEardrOp-sHapEd; pErIsTOmE vEry THICk OvEraLL; bOUNdary bETwEEN TwO LIps barELy vIsIbLE; OUTEr LIp ExpaNdEd aNd sHarp IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs aNd basE Of sHELL, bUT OTHErwIsE raTHEr bLUNT. SEE rEmarks rEGardING THE fINE mOrpHOLOGy Of R2 rIbs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 2.9–4.8, H = 1.7–2.8 (N = 20, sHELLs frOm mULTIpLE sampLEs), sEE aLsO TabLE 2.</p><p>Operculum. THE OpErCULUm Of THE HOLOTypE Has a rEddIsH brOwN, LOw, mULTIspIraL LamELLa ON THE OUTEr sUrfaCE. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm Of THE 2012/62 spECImEN Had NO LamELLa, ONLy THE mULTIspIraL sTrUCTUrE COULd bE sEEN. THE INNEr sUrfaCE Of sampLE 20080510B was ExamINEd; IT Is CONCavE, wITH aN ELEvaTEd CENTraL NIppLE.</p><p>Anatomy. ONE maLE spECImEN was aNaTOmICaLLy ExamINEd (20080510B, COLL. JUO, FIGUrEs 12E–F). THE pENIs Is LarGE aNd rECTaNGULar, sLIGHTLy LONGEr aNd mUCH THICkEr THaN THE rIGHT TENTaCLE.</p><p>Radula. THE radULa Of ONE spECImEN was ExamINEd (samE spECImEN THaT was aNaTOmICaLLy ExamINEd). THE TEETH arE vEry sImILar TO THOsE Of Dicharax alticola n. sp., bUT aLL CUsps arE mOrE ELONGaTEd, mOrE sLENdEr aNd mOrE sHarpLy pOINTEd (FIGUrE 13D).</p><p>Variation in specimens. POpULaTIONs Of Dicharax depressus sHOw CONsIdErabLE varIabILITy IN TErms Of sHELL sIzE, sCULpTUrE Of R1 (smOOTH TO rEGULarLy, sTrONGLy rIbbEd) aNd THE sHapE Of THE bOdy wHOrL (rOUNdEd TO bLUNTLy kEELEd). TabLE 2 COmpILEs THE varIabLE TraITs aNd THEIr CHaraCTEr sTaTEs IN ExamINEd pOpULaTIONs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus latecostatus Is sOmEwHaT sImILar TO THE kEELEd aNd rIbbEd pOpULaTIONs Of D. depressus . Metalycaeus latecostatus, HOwEvEr, Has aN ELEvaTEd prOTOCONCH wITH spIraL sTrIaE. SOmE Dicharax depressus pOpULaTIONs arE sympaTrIC wITH sOmE aTypICaL LOOkING D. cristatus pOpULaTIONs. THEy CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd by THE sHELL sIzE ( D. depressus Is smaLLEr), THE apErTUrE THICkNEss (THICkEr IN D. depressus) aNd THE pOsITION Of THE swELLING ON R3 (sITUaTEd CLOsEr TO THE apErTUrE IN D. cristatus). Dicharax fimbriatus CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm D. depressus by THE CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE. Dicharax depressus Has a THICkEr pErIsTOmE aNd LarGEr sHELL THaN D. diminutus .</p><p>THE MaLaysIaN Dicharax diplochilus (MöLLENdOrff, 1887) (ExamINEd sampLE: MaLakka, BUkIT PONdONG, PErak, COLL. MöLLENdOrff, SMF 109476, LECTOTypE) Is sImILar TO D. depressus IN GENEraL sHELL sHapE. THE mOsT CONspICUOUs dIffErENCE bETwEEN THE TwO spECIEs arE THE LENGTH Of R2 (sHOrT IN diplochilus aNd mOdEraTELy LONG IN depressus), aNd THE fOrmaTION Of THE pErIsTOmE. NamELy, IN D. depressus THE INNEr LIp Is prOmINENT, THICkENEd aNd prOTrUdING, aNd THE OUTEr LIp Is ExpaNdEd, raTHEr bLUNT, wHErEas IN D. diplochilus THE INNEr LIp Is NOT CONspICUOUs, rENdErING THE sHarp OUTEr LIp Is dOmINaNT. MaLaysIaN Dicharax oligopleuris (MöLLENdOrff, 1887) (ExamINEd sampLE: MaLakka, PErak, SMF 109226, LECTOTypE aNd SMF 109227, paraLECTOTypEs) Is mUCH smaLLEr THaN D. depressus, aNd aLsO Has sHOrTEr R2.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax depressus Is rEpOrTEd frOm NOrTHErN VIETNam (LaO CaI, SON La, THaNH HOa, NGHE AN prOvINCEs) aNd NOrTHErN LaOs (LUaNG PrabaNG, PHONGsaLI aNd XIENG KHOUaNG prOvINCEs) (FIGUrE 32).</p><p>Remarks. THE CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 was ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN (MAA1, FIGUrEs 28G–H): aNTErIOr CrUsT fOrms a sIGNIfICaNTLy ELEvaTEd, HOLLOw rIb, wHICH Has a sTrONGEr aNTErIOr aNd wEakEr pOsTErIOr prOjECTION; aNTErIOr CrUsT fOLds sTrONGLy OvEr THE mUCH wEakEr pOsTErIOr CrUsT; pOsTErIOr CrUsT THICk, IT Is aLsO OCCasIONaLLy HOLLOw; CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of THE mICrOTUNNEL Is dEfOrmEd TEardrOp-sHapEd.</p><p>Dicharax depressus Has bEEN dEsCrIbEd frOm PaC KHa, NOrTHErN VIETNam, wHICH Is sITUaTEd NEar THE bOrdEr wITH YUNNaN, CHINa. SHELLs Of a NEwLy COLLECTEd pOpULaTION IN THaN HOa PrOvINCE (CH1; apprOx. 250 km frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy), aNd NGHE AN PrOvINCE (20080510B; apprOx. 390 km frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy) arE NEarLy IdENTICaL wITH THE HOLOTypE Of D. depressus . SOmE sampLEs COLLECTEd IN THE VIETNamEsE SON La prOvINCE HavE a raTHEr kEELEd bOdy wHOrL (EspECIaLLy frOm apErTUraL vIEw) aNd HavE vEry sTrONG rIbs ON R1 (FIGUrE 31C). THEsE kEELEd pOpULaTIONs arE LOCaTEd bETwEEN smOOTH sHELLEd pOpULaTIONs. THErEfOrE, wE aTTaCH NO sUbGENErIC dIffErENTIaTION Of THE rIbbEd aNd kEELEd vErsUs THE smOOTH aNd rOUNdEd sHELLEd pOpULaTIONs.</p><p>THE spECImEN frOm pOpULaTION 2012/62 Has sOmE spIraL sTrIaTION ON R1, wHICH Has NOT bEEN dETECTEd IN aNy OTHEr Dicharax sampLEs. THIs spIraL sTrIaTION Is LOw aNd mIGHT NOT bE HOmOLOGOUs wITH THE mOrE ELEvaTEd spIraL sTrIaE Of THE GENUs Metalycaeus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFD7FFFAFF0BF9D4FE7FF83D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFCCFFE5FF0BFB74FDC4FB82.text	03CA87D8FFCCFFE5FF0BFB74FDC4FB82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax diminutus (Heude 1885)	<div><p>Dicharax diminutus (Heude, 1885)</p><p>FIGUrE 33A–C.</p><p>Alycoeus diminutus Heude, 1885: 96, pl. 24, figs 5, 5a.</p><p>Alycaeus diminutus — Heude, 1886: 210.</p><p>Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) diminutus — Möllendorff, 1886: 170. Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) nanus Möllendorff, 1886: 170, pl. 5, fig. 8, new synonym. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) diminutus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 148. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) nanus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) diminutus — Kobelt, 1902: 354.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) nanus — Kobelt, 1902: 359.</p><p>Chamalycaeus nanus — Yen, 1939: 29, pl. 2, fig. 31.</p><p>Types examined. LECTOTypE (SMF 39246) aNd 5 paraLECTOTypEs (SMF 39247) Of Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) nanus, KwEI-yaNG-dsHOU, HUNaN: CHINa , COLL. MöLLENdOrff; SMF 39248/3 paraLECTOTypEs, samE daTa as prEvIOUs, COLL. O. BOETTGEr. NO TypE spECImEN Of Alycoeus diminutus wErE rEpOrTEd by TO JOHNsON (1973). SEE aLsO REmarks.</p><p>Museum material examined. SMF 39255/1 (LabELLEd as A. minutus), HUNaN, CHINa , COLL. MöLLENdOrff Ex COLL. HEUdE; NHMUK 1891.3.17.783–785/3, HUNaN, LEG. HUNGErfOrd; NHMUK 20150475 /2, CHINa, HUNaN, COLL. W. BLaNfOrd; NHMUK 20150476 /3, HUNaN, V.W. MaCANdrEw COLL.; NHMUK 20150477 /3, HUpé, CHINa, E.R. SykEs COLL. 1954; NHMUK 20150478 /1, HUNaN, CHINa, E.R. SykEs COLL. 1954.</p><p>New material examined. 2 OK/1, OKA /2, PGB/2 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 0060109A CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaNzHUaNG ZUmIaOzU ZIzHIzHO, GUaNGNaN XIaN, LIjI, 1611 m, 23°45.54175'N, 104°59.55567'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 9 JaN 2006.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL TO vEry smaLL spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2, bLUNT swELLING ON R3 aNd rOUNdEd apErTUrE.</p><p>Description of the type series. SHELL yELLOwIsH IvOry; sHELL OUTLINE OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, sHELL aLmOsT fLaT, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL Is rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs, raTHEr maTTE; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5 Or sLIGHTLy mOrE wHOrLs, rEGULarLy, dENsELy rIbbEd; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 HardLy vIsIbLE; R2 sLIGHTLy mOrE dENsELy rIbbEd THaN R1; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of THE OTHEr spECIEs HavING CUrvEd rIbs; LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN a qUarTEr wHOrL COmbINEd; R2 aNd R3 Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE, INdICaTEd by sLIGHT CONsTrICTION; R3 wITH raTHEr IrrEGULar GrOwTH rIbs, rIb dENsITy sImILar TO THaT Of R1; apErTUrE rOUNdEd; OUTEr LIp sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, sHarp; INNEr LIp THICkENEd.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 2.8–3.3, H = 1.6–1.9 (N = 5, spECImENs frOm dIffErENT sampLEs).</p><p>Operculum. THE INNEr sUrfaCE COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Is NEarLy smOOTH, bUT THE mULTIspIraL CHaraCTEr Is rECOGNIsabLE (ExamINEd: sampLE 20060109A, LECTOTypE Of nanus, syNTypE Of diminutus).</p><p>Variation in specimens. THE spECImENs LIsTEd UNdEr THIs spECIEs sHOw LITTLE varIabILITy, aLTHOUGH THEy HavE bEEN COLLECTEd far frOm EaCH OTHEr. SEE aLsO rEmarks.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. THE ONLy NEwLy COLLECTEd sampLEs wE ExamINEd wErE COLLECTEd IN sOUTHEasT YUNNaN, wHErE IT Is sympaTrIC wITH a D. cristatus pOpULaTION (TypICaL simplicilabris -LIkE sHELLs). THE TwO spECIEs arE sImILar IN OvEraLL sHELL sHapE aNd THE prOpOrTIONs Of THE sHELL rEGIONs, bUT D. cristatus Is mUCH LarGEr, aNd Has a sLIGHTLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE. SEE aLsO UNdEr Dicharax depressus aNd D. fargesianus aNd D. plicilabris .</p><p>Distribution. CHINa (CHONGqING, HUNaN aNd YUNNaN prOvINCEs). SEE aLsO REmarks aNd FIGUrE 14.</p><p>Remarks. THErE Is a sampLE dEpOsITEd IN THE SENCkENbErG MUsEUm (SMF 39255) wITH THE fOLLOwING daTa ON MöLLENdOrff's TypICaL smaLL yELLOw LabEL: " Alycaeus nanus v. MLLdff/ ( minutus HEUdE) /xx / HUNaN ". THE TwO smaLL x-sIGNs INdICaTE THaT MöLLENdOrff rECEIvEd THE sHELL frOm THE aUTHOr (RONaLd JaNssEN, pErs. COmm.). THE spECIEs NamE Is NOT COrrECTLy wrITTEN (" minutus " INsTEad Of diminutus) ON THE LabELs, aNd THE sHELLs arE CErTaINLy NOT TypE spECImENs, bECaUsE THEy wErE COLLECTEd frOm a sITE dIffErENT frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy. GIvEN THIs, THEy wErE IdENTIfIEd as Alycaeus diminutus by HEUdE. THEsE diminutus sHELLs arE IdENTICaL wITH MöLLENdOrff's nanus . THErEfOrE, wE prOvIsIONaLLy syNONymIzE THE LaTTEr wITH Alycaeus diminutus .</p><p>WE ExamINEd THE THrEE GrEaTLy wEaTHErEd sHELLs Of JaECkEL (OrIGINaL INv. NUmbEr: SMF 20 1255), wHICH wErE pUbLIsHEd UNdEr THE NamE Chamalycaeus nanus (sEE JaECkEL 1950). ONE Of THEm Is Metalycaeus heudei, aNOTHEr was a Metalycaeus spECIEs (sEE UNdEr " Metalycaeus sp."), aNd THE THIrd, prObabLy Dicharax spECIEs COULd NOT bE IdENTIfIEd dUE TO THE ExTrEmELy wEaTHErEd sTaTE Of THE sHELL. THUs THE ONLy rECOrd Of D. nanus frOm VIETNam prOvEs TO bE ErrONEOUs aNd sHOULd bE dELETEd frOm THE VIETNamEsE faUNa LIsT.</p><p>THE TypE spECImENs Of Alycaeus diminutus frOm CHENGkOU, Alycaeus nanus frOm KwEI-yaNG-dsHOU, aNd THE sampLE 20060109A frOm sOUTHEasT YUNNaN arE NEarLy IdENTICaL IN TErms Of sHELL CHaraCTErs (FIGUrEs 33A–C). THE dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THEsE THrEE sITEs Is apprOxImaTELy 750–950 km, wITHOUT kNOwN pOpULaTIONs Of sImILar spECImENs IN bETwEEN. SEE CONCLUdING REmarks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFCCFFE5FF0BFB74FDC4FB82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFCEFFE3FF0BFB07FC58FD57.text	03CA87D8FFCEFFE3FF0BFB07FC58FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax draco Asami 2017	<div><p>Dicharax draco Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrE 34A.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99705, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.99259&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.75903" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.99259/lat 23.75903)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara, OK/3 paraTypEs, OKA /1 paraTypE, PGB/1 paraTypE, 20060109A CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaNzHUaNG ZUmIaOzU ZIzHIzHO, GUaNGNaN XIaN, LIjI, 1611 m, 23°45.54175'N, 104°59.55567'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 9 JaN 2006 .</p><p>Etymology. THE apErTUrE Of THIs NEw spECIEs rEsEmbLEs a bITING mOUTH Of a draGON ( draCO IN LaTIN). DraCO Is UsEd as a NOUN.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH sOmEwHaT ELEvaTEd spIrE, sHOrT R2 aNd R3, TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2, sHarp swELLING ON R3, aNd sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 34A) LIGHT GrEy; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; aLL ExamINEd spECImENs wErE sOmEwHaT wEaTHErEd, THErEfOrE THEIr OrIGINaL COLOUr COULd NOT bE ObsErvEd; prOTOCONCH CONsIsTs Of 1.75–2 wHOrLs (N = 2), LOw, raTHEr GLOssy; R1 CONsIsTs Of apprOxImaTELy 1.75 wHOrLs (N = 2), wITH LOw, rEGULar rIbs, vIsIbLE ON EdGE Of wHOrLs as wELL; rIbbING wEakEr aT bEGINNING Of R1 (HErE aLmOsT smOOTH), bUT sTrONGEr aT ENd Of R1; bOUNdary bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CONspICUOUs bECaUsE Of dENsE R2 rIbs; R2 wITH rIbs CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE; rIbs NEarLy rEaCH EaCH OTHEr, fOrmING aN aLmOsT smOOTH sUrfaCE; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of OTHEr spECIEs HavING CUrvEd rIbs; R2 aNd R3 vEry sHOrT, apprOxImaTELy 90 dEGrEEs COmbINEd; R2 aNd R3 Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; sCULpTUrE Of R3 sImILar TO THaT Of R1, THErEfOrE bOUNdary bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CONspICUOUs, INdICaTEd by a dEEp CONsTrICTION; mIddLE Of R3 wITH a prOmINENT, sHarp swELLING; apErTUrE ExTErNaLLy sLIGHTLy, INTErNaLLy vEry sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd by HavING fOUr TrIaNGULar swELLINGs ExTENdING bEyONd THE apErTUrE; THEsE fOUr swELLINGs dETErmINE fIvE LObEs; OUTEr LIp Of THE pErIsTOmE THIN, sHarp, ExpaNdEd aNd sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, EspECIaLLy IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs; UmbILICUs vEry NarrOw.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.1–3.3, H = 2.5–2.7 (N = 2, TypE sErIEs).</p><p>Operculum. THE OpErCULUm Is prEsENT IN ONE wEaTHErEd spECImEN (COLL. OK). THE OUTEr sIdE Is CONCavE, NEarLy smOOTH, bUT ITs mULTIspIraL sTrUCTUrE Is jUsT vIsIbLE; THE INNEr sUrfaCE Is wITH a sIGNIfICaNTLy ELEvaTEd, pOINTEd NIppLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. NO TraITs fOUNd TO bE varIabLE IN THE sINGLE kNOwN pOpULaTION.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax draco n. sp. CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm aLL CONGENErs INHabITING CHINa aNd VIETNam ON THE basIs Of THE vEry sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE, THE sHOrT R3 HavING a prOmINENT swELLING IN ITs mIddLE (CLOsE TO THE apErTUrE). SEE aLsO UNdEr D. microcostatus n. sp.</p><p>THE INdIaN Dicharax plectocheilus (BENsON, 1859) Is sImILar TO D. draco n. sp. IN sHapE, bUT ITs R2 Has NO dIsTINCT rIbs, ONLy wITH NarrOw LIGHT aNd THICk dark TraNsvErsE sTrIpEs aLTErNaTE, fOrmING a NEarLy smOOTH arEa. MOrEOvEr, THE pErIsTOmE Is CrENULaTEd IN Dicharax plectocheilus, bUT sTraIGHT frOm LaTEraL vIEw IN D. draco n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax draco n. sp. Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy ONLy (FIGUrE 7).</p><p>Remarks. WE HavE CONsIdErEd INTErprETING Dicharax draco n. sp. as aN UNUsUaL LOCaL fOrm Of THE vEry varIabLE D. fimbriatus . HOwEvEr, THE GENEraL sHELL sHapE, THE LENGTH Of THE sHELL rEGIONs aNd THE pOsITION Of THE swELLING Of R3 faLL OUTsIdE Of THE mOrpHOLOGICaL raNGE Of D. fimbriatus . MOrEOvEr, THE sINGLE kNOwN LOCaLITy Of Dicharax draco n. sp. Is sUrrOUNdEd by "NOrmaL LOOkING" D. fimbriatus pOpULaTIONs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFCEFFE3FF0BFB07FC58FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFC8FFEAFF0BFD31FC63F816.text	03CA87D8FFC8FFEAFF0BFD31FC63F816.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax fimbriatus (Bavay & Dautzenberg 1912)	<div><p>Dicharax fimbriatus (Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1912)</p><p>FIGUrEs 13E, 35–37, 38A–D, 39.</p><p>Alycaens [sic!] (Charax) fimbriatus Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1912: 52 –53, pl. 6, figs 14–17. Chamalycaeus plicilabris multidentatus Yen, 1939: 29, pl. 2, fig. 33. new synonym. Chamalycaeus (Chamalycaeus) plicilabris multidentatus — Zilch, 1957: 145, pl. 5, fig. 15. Chamalycaeus fraterculus — Do et al., 2015: 118, fig. 1B.</p><p>Chamalycaeus sp2. — Do et al., 2015: 118, fig. 1F.</p><p>Types examined. MNHN IM-2012-27166 (TypE spECImEN, prObabLy HOLOTypE Of Alycaeus fimbriatus), PaC-KHa, LEG. MEssaGEr ; SMF 40303 (HOLOTypE Of Chamalycaeus plicilabris multidentatus), YEN-LING, KwEI-dsHOU (KwEITCHOU): CHINa, LEG. SCHmaCkEr 1893 , COLL. O. BOETTGEr.</p><p>Museum material examined. MNHN IM-2012-27044 (TypICaL fimbriatus; mIxEd sampLE wITH D. cristatus: MNHN IM-2012-27040), PakHé, LEG. MEssaGEr; SMF 39252/1, KIaNGsI, CHINa, LEG. SCHmaCkEr 1892, COLL. O. BOETTGEr; SMF 39228/2, SECUsaN, CHINa, COLL. EHrmaNN.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.60737&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.8521" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.60737/lat 31.8521)">New</a> material examined. HA/1, 2015/74 CHINa, SICHUaN, MIaNyaNG SHI, JIaNGyOU SHI, JINGUaNGdONG, ENvIrONmENT Of THE CavE, 1560 m, 31°51.126'N, 104°36.442'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 20 JUNE 2015 ; OKA /1, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20150220A CHINa, GUIzHOU, GUIyaNG SHI, XIfENG XIaN, YONGjING ZHEN, XIfENG XIaN, LEG. K. OkUbO 20 FEb 2015; PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20061017 D CHINa, GUIzHOU, PINGba XIaN, TIaNLONG ZHEN, TIaNTaIsHaN, 1400 m, 26°21.300'N, 106°10.412'E, LEG. K. OkUbO 17 OCT 2006; HA/3, 2011/1 CHINa, YUNNaN, KUNmING SHI, XIsHaN QU, XIsHaN, 200 m abOvE LONGmEN CUN, 2180 m, 24°57.385'N, 102°38.181'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 16 Mar 2011; HA/2, 2011/11 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, QIUbEI XIaN, PUzHEHEI FENGjINGqU, abOvE GUaNyINdONG, 1485 m, 24°08.300'N, 104°06.710'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 21 Mar 2011; HA/5 sHELLs + 2 damaGEd sHELLs, 2011/12 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, QIUbEI XIaN, PUzHEHEI FENGjINGqU, 1.5 km TOwards PUzHEHEI, 1450 m, 24°07.946'N, 104°07.056'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 21 Mar 2011; HA/4, 2011/20 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, GUaNGNaN XIaN, BabaO ZHEN, BabaO NE 1.5 km, LafaNG, 1138 m, 23°44.321'N, 105°25.304'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 24 Mar 2011; PGB/3 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.15942&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.428759" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.15942/lat 23.428759)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20060108A CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, WENsHaN XIaN, rEmaINs Of WENsHaN spa, 1339 m, 23°25.72547'N, 104°09.56481'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 8 JaN 2006 , OKA /9, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO); OK/5, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20060108D CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNG ZUmIaOzU ZIzHIzHO, XICHOU XIaN, NOrTH sIdE Of ENTraNCE TO XICHOU ZHEN, 1433 m, 23°25.59414'N, 104°38.88766'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 8 JaN 2006; HA/10, 2011/10 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, WENsHaN SHI, XIHUa GONGyUaN, 1375 m, 23°21.446'N, 104°14.084'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 20 Mar 2011; PGB/3 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), PGB/4 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20 050612 D CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, WENsHaN XIaN, WENsHaN XIHUa GONGyUaN (SaNyUaNdONG), 1430 m, 23°21.48923'N, 104°14.09141'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 12 JUNE 2005; HA/ 4, 2011/15 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, XICHOU XIaN, XINGjIE ZHEN, DadONG 3 km TOwards BaTaNG, LaOLONG, 1195 m, 23°16.067'N, 104°32.215'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 22 Mar 2011; PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20100513D CHINa, HUNaN, YONGzHOU SHI, FUjIaqIaO ZHEN, DaNyaN, NO GPS daTa, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 13 May 2010; HA/2, 2010/45 CHINa, HUNaN, YONGzHOU SHI, NINGyUaN XIaN, NINGyUaN N 2 km, XIabEITaNG NE, NOrTHErN sIdE Of THE mOUNTaIN, ENvIrONmENT Of THE CavE, 230 m, 25°37.045'N, 111°58.206'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 10 NOv 2010; HA/3, 2010/46 CHINa, HUNaN, YONGzHOU SHI, NINGyUaN XIaN, NINGyUaN N 2 km, XIabEITaNG NE, sOUTHErN sIdE Of THE mOUNTaIN, 240 m, 25°36.918'N, 111°58.034'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 10 NOv 2010; HA/2, 2013/8B CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, TIaNE XIaN, QImU XIaNG, CrOss TOwards LaHaO YaN, 600 m, 24°51.130'N, 107°11.670'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 12 SEp 2013; WM/1, MAA3 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, HUaNjIaNG XIaN, MULUN NaTUrE REsErvE (S-EdGE Of MaOLaN NaTUrE REsErvE, bOrdEr wITH GUIzHOU), LEG. T. WHITTEN, SEp 2004; JUO/4 sHELLs + 1 bOdy IN ETHaNOL, OK/7, OKA /1, PGB/2 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20130608C CHINa, GUaNGxI, GONGCHENG XIaN, SaNjIaNG XIaNG, PINGaN XIaNG, JIaOjINTaNG, 751 m, 24°45.454'N, 110°53.530'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 8 JUNE 2013; OKA /2, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), PGB/4 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 2004 1113A CHINa, GUaNGxI, YIzHOU SHI, BaILONGdONG GONGyUaN (park), 165 m, 24°30.274'N, 108°39.846'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 13 NOv 2004; PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20041113 B CHINa, GUaNGxI, YIzHOU SHI, AIsHaN XIaNG, XIaNNUyaN, 172 m, 24°29.292'N, 108°34.057'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 13 NOv 2004; OKA /1, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20041113 C CHINa, GUaNGxI, YIzHOU SHI, SHIbIE XIaNG, QINGTaN, 225 m, 24°23.719'N, 108°42.137'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 13 NOv 2004; HA/7 + 4 damaGEd sHELLs, 2013/20 CHINa, GUaNGxI, LaIbIN SHI, XINGbIN QU, QIdONG XIaNG, CLIffs abOvE THE POLIU ELEmENTary SCHOOL, 150 m, 24°0.512'N, 109°4.288'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 20 SEp 2013; PGB/2 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20111025 B CHINa, GUaNGxI, LaIbIN SHI, QIdONG XIaNG, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.07183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.020817" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.07183/lat 24.020817)">NOrTH Of</a> GaNCHaOyaN, 24°01.249'N, 109°04.310'E, LEG. T. IsHIbE, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 25 OCT 2011 ; OK/1, 20111023 E CHINa, GUaNGxI, DaHUayaOzU ZIzHIxIaN, LImING XIaNG, HONGjUNyaN, 255 m, 23°48.374'N, 107°31.455'E, LEG. T. IsHIbE, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 23 OCT 2011; PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20 050614 B CHINa, GUaNGxI, NapO XIaN, BaIdOU XIaNG, bEyONd BaIdOU, 548 m, 23°18.04540'N, 105°36.76894'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 14 JUNE 2005; PGB/1 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.95012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.352396" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.95012/lat 23.352396)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OkUbO), 20060110C CHINa, GUaNGxI, NapO XIaN, LONGHE XIaNG, GravEyard aT rIGHT sIdE Of rOad, 1153 m, 23°21.14377'N, 105°57.00734'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 JaN 2006 ; OK/1, 20060110G CHINa, GUaNGxI, NapO XIaN, POHE XIaNG, NaCHI, 913 m, 23°16.45981'N, 105°58.97426'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 JaN 2006, JUO/1 + jUvENILE sHELL; OK/2, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20060111B CHINa, GUaNGxI, DaxIN XIaN, YaNLONG ZHEN, JIaNGjUN SHaN, 267 m, 22°49.04890'N, 106°49.33238'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 11 JaN 2006; OK/13, OKA /2; PGB/2 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), PGB/2 (Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20060111D CHINa, GUaNGxI, LONGzHOU XIaN, JINLONG ZHEN, GaOsHaN CUN, BaNLOUTUN, 333 m, 22°43.51930'N, 106°47.36219'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 11 JaN 2006; OKA /2 + 1 damaGEd sHELL, PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20060111F CHINa, GUaNGxI, LONGzHOU XIaN, WUdE XIaNG, WUdE, 201 m, 22°28.50938'N, 106°47.67450'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 11 JaN 2006; OK/7, PGB/2 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.82189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.45734" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.82189/lat 22.45734)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20060111G CHINa, GUaNGxI, LONGzHOU XIaN, WUdE XIaNG, WUdE, 182 m, 22°27.44038'N, 106°49.31353'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 11 JaN 2006 ; JUO/1, 20081112 D VIETNam, Ha GIaNG PrOvINCE, Pass bETwEEN BaC <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.38047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.633467" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.38047/lat 22.633467)">Ha</a> aNd XIN MaN, 1371 m, 22°38.008'N, 104°22.828'E, LEG. K. OHara &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 12 NOv 2008 ; JUO/1, 20081113 B VIETNam, Ha GIaNG PrOvINCE, VI XUGEN DIsTrICT, HUNG Ba COmmUNE, Nam PIa VILLaGE, 216 m, 22°52.064'N, 105°04.184'E, LEG. K. OHara &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 13 NOv 2008; JUO/1 + bOdy IN ETHaNOL, 20081112 B VIETNam, LaO CaI PrOvINCE, BaC Ha, LUNG PHINH COmmUNE, LUNG PHINH VILLaGE, 1375 m, 22°35.658'N, 104°19.676'E, LEG. K. OHara &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 12 NOv 2008; DDS/3, DDS3 VIETNam, SON La PrOvINCE, THUaN CHaU DIsTrICT, LImEsTONE karsT IN COpIa NaTUraL REsErvE, 1246 m, 21°25'25"N, 103°31'18"E, LEG. Đ.S. Đỗ, 0 8 JUNE 2013; DDS/3, DDS7 VIETNam, SON La PrOvINCE, VaN HO DIs., LImEsTONE fOrEsTs IN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.74166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.765556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.74166/lat 20.765556)">Pa</a> COp VIL., VaN HO COm., 1.013 m, 20°45'56"N, 104°44'30"E, LEG. Đ.S. Đỗ, 26 OCT 2013; WM/64 , MAA1 VIETNam, THaN HOa PrOvINCE, PU LONG NaTIONaL Park, Am vILLaGE, 20°27.39'N, 105°13.65'E, LEG. W.J.M. MaassEN, PGB/4 (Ex COLL. W.M.J. MaassEN); SMF 346381 /3 (Ex COLL. J &amp; CH. HEmmEN), HE/9, PGB/10 (Ex COLL. HEmmEN), Ch 1 samE daTa aNd COLLECTOr as prEvIOUs; WM/1, MAA2 VIETNam, THaNH HOa PrOvINCE, PU LUONG NaTIOLNa Park, NW COrNEr Of park NEar HaNG vILLaGE, LImEsTONE arEa NEar vILLaGE, 20°31.84'N, 105°04.76'E, LEG. W.J.M. MaassEN, 19 SEp 2003; HA/1, 2012/17 VIETNam, THaNH Hóa PrOvINCE, Xã BaN CốNG, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.21187&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.381617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.21187/lat 20.381617)">Xóm</a> SáT, 60 m, 20°22.897'N, 105°12.712'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 18 May 2012 ; MNHN-IM-2012-27326/5 (ONLy ONE Of THEm Is adULT), 32L06 CENTraL LaOs, LUaNG PrabaNG PrOvINCE, jUsT NOTHEasT <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.43816&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.4464" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.43816/lat 19.4464)">Of</a> PHOU KHOUN, UNdEr rOCks IN OLd sECONdary fOrEsT abOvE LarGE CavE, 1177 m, 19°26.784'N, 102°26.290'E, LEG. A. AbdOU &amp; I.V. MUraTOv, 16 NOv 2006 .</p><p>Diagnosis. A vEry varIabLE, smaLL TO mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2, sHarp swELLING ON R3 aNd a CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description of the holotype. SHELL (FIGUrE 35B) LIGHT GrEy; sHELL OUTLINE sLIGHTLy OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs, LOw, raTHEr maTTE; R1 CONsIsTs Of aLmOsT 2 wHOrLs, raTHEr rEGULarLy rIbbEd wITH bLUNT, bUT sTrONG rIbs; rIb dENsITy dECrEasEs TOwards ENd Of rEGION; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 abrUpT, CLEarLy vIsIbLE, R2 ExTrEmELy dENsELy rIbbEd; rIbs CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE, fOrmING aN OvEraLL NEarLy smOOTH sUrfaCE; LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 vEry sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN a qUarTEr Of wHOrL; R2 sHOrTEr THaN R3; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 raTHEr CLEarLy vIsIbLE, INdICaTEd by a dEEp CONsTrICTION; R3 wITH sHarp swELLING; rIb dENsITy ON R3 sImILar TO THaT Of THE ENd Of R2; apErTUrE ExTErNaLLy sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd; OUTEr LIp sHarp, ExpaNdEd, bUT ONLy sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, EspECIaLLy IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs; INNEr LIp CrENULaTEd, sIGNIfICaNTLy THICkENEd, dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THE TwO LIps LarGE. REGardING THE fINE sTrUCTUrE Of R2 rIbs, sEE REmarks.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.0–5.1, H = 1.8–3.3 (N = 155, spECImENs frOm dIffErENT sampLEs). SEE aLsO TabLE 3.</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm Of THE HOLOTypE Is smOOTH. IN OTHEr spECImENs IT CaN bE aLsO smOOTH Or THErE mIGHT bE a LOw LamELLa Of apprOx. sEvEN wHOrLs ON THE OUTEr sUrfaCE, Or CaN HavE aN ELEvaTEd, wrINkLEd LamELLa, wHICH Is bENT ON THE prEvIOUs wHOrLs Of ITsELf, fOrmING a fUNNEL-sHapEd sUrfaCE (20081113 B). IN mOsT spECImENs aNd pOpULaTIONs, HOwEvEr, THIs LamELLa Is wOrN, ONLy THE rEmNaNTs Of THE LamELLa INdICaTE THE wHOrLs Of THE OpErCULUm (FIGUrEs 39C–D). INNEr sUrfaCE Is wITH aN ELEvaTEd, bUT raTHEr bLUNT, CENTraL NIppLE (20060111D: FIGUrEs 39A–B, 20081113 B).</p><p>Radula. THE radULa Of ONE fEmaLE spECImEN was ExamINEd (20081112 B, COLL. JUO, FIGUrE 13E). THE TEETH arE vEry sImILar TO THOsE Of Dicharax alticola n. sp. wITH THE fOLLOwING dIffErENCEs: THE CUsps Of THE CENTraL TOOTH arE LONGEr; THE LaTEraL TEETH arE mUCH mOrE asymmETrIC IN HavING a dOmINaNT CUsp, aNd ONE OUTEr, aNd TwO INNEr CUsps.</p><p>Variation in specimens. Dicharax fimbriatus Is a vEry varIabLE spECIEs IN TErms Of sHELL sIzE, sHELL sHapE (NEarLy fLaT TO sOmEwHaT ELEvaTEd), sHapE Of THE bOdy wHOrL (rOUNdEd TO sLIGHTLy kEELEd), THE sTrENGTH Of THE swELLING ON R2, sCULpTUrE Of R1 (smOOTH, GLOssy Or rIbbEd), aNd THE fOrmaTION Of THE pErIsTOmE (NUmbEr Of kNOTs, OUTEr LIp CrENULaTEd Or NOT), SEE aLsO REmarks aNd TabLE 3.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax fimbriatus Is a vEry varIabLE spECIEs, bUT IT CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm mOsT CONGENErs by THE CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE, aNd THE sHarp swELLING ON THE mIddLE Of R2. SEE UNdEr D. anthostoma, D. cristatus, D. depressus aNd D. draco n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. MOsT kNOwN pOpULaTIONs Of THIs varIabLE spECIEs arE kNOwN frOm NOrTHErN VIETNam, aNd THE CHINEsE GUaNGxI, EasTErN YUNNaN, GUIzHOU aNd sOUTHErN HUNaN. ONE IsOLaTEd LOCaLITy Of THIs spECIEs Is kNOwN IN NOrTHErN SICHUaN PrOvINCE, far NOrTH frOm THE maIN dIsTrIbUTION raNGE. A sINGLE sampLE Is kNOwN frOm LUaNG PrabaNG PrOvINCE (LaOs) (FIGUrE 20).</p><p>Remarks. THE CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 was ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN (MAA1, FIGUrEs 38C–D, 68C): aNTErIOr CrUsT fOrms a sIGNIfICaNTLy ELEvaTEd, HOLLOw rIb, wHICH Has a sTrONGEr aNTErIOr aNd wEakEr pOsTErIOr prOjECTION; aNTErIOr CrUsT fOLds sTrONGLy OvEr THE mUCH wEakEr pOsTErIOr CrUsT; pOsTErIOr CrUsT THICk, IT Is aLsO HOLLOw; CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of THE mICrOTUNNEL Is TEardrOp-sHapEd, NEarLy rOUNdEd sOmETImEs.</p><p>UsUaLLy THErE arE fOUr Or fIvE TrIaNGULar swELLINGs ON THE INNEr waLL Of THE pErIsTOmE rEsULTING IN aN EITHEr INTErNaLLy Or ExTErNaLLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE, wHICH Is CHaraCTErIsTIC fOr Dicharax fimbriatus . RarELy, THErE arE sIx TrIaNGULar swELLINGs INsTEad Of THE UsUaL fIvE (ONE sHELL IN sampLE 20060108A, aNd ONE IN 20060108D, sEE FIGUrE 37). WE INTErprET THE sEvEN smaLL pErIsTOmaL swELLINGs Of THE HOLOTypE Of Chamalycaeus plicilabris multidentatus as a sImILar mULTIpLICaTION. SINCE aLL OTHEr sHELL CHaraCTErs arE sImILar TO THOsE Of Dicharax fimbriatus, wE rEfEr TO C. plicilabris multidentatus as a syNONym Of Alycaeus (Charax) fimbriatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFC8FFEAFF0BFD31FC63F816	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFC0FFE9FF0BF956FEF4FCEA.text	03CA87D8FFC0FFE9FF0BF956FEF4FCEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax fraterculus (Bavay & Dautzenberg 1900)	<div><p>Dicharax fraterculus (Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1900)</p><p>FIGUrE 41.</p><p>Alycaeus (Charax) fraterculus Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1900a: 120 .</p><p>Alycaeus (Charax) fraterculus Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1900b: 457 –458, pl. 11, figs 11–14. Alycaeus (Dicharax) fraterculus — Kobelt, 1902: 370.</p><p>Types examined. MNHN IM- 2012-27 168 (TypE spECImEN, prObabLy HOLOTypE), HaUT TONkIN, LEG. MEssaGEr.</p><p>Museum material examined. MNHN IM-2012-27037 /7, TONkIN, LEG. MEssaGEr; MNHN IM-2012-27026/6, HT-TONkIN, COLL. STaadT 1969; MNHN IM-2012-27025/4, HaUT-TONkIN, COLL. DENIs 1945; MNHN IM-2012-27031/ 4, HT-TONkIN, LEG. MEssaGEr, COLL. LETELLIEr 1949; MNHN IM-2012-27038 /38 (sOmE Of THE jUvENILEs arE vEry wEaTHErEd), TONkIN, LEG. MEssaGEr ; MNHN IM-2012-27032/2, QUaNG HUyEN, COLL. FIsCHEr; SMF 192349 /1, TONkIN, BaC-KaN, LEG. MEssaGEr, COLL. C. BOsCH Ex COLL. H. ROLLE; SMF 192349 /1, TONkIN, BaC-KaN, LEG. MEssaGEr, COLL. C. BOsCH Ex COLL. H. ROLLE; NHMUK 1901.4.25.33–34/2, TONkIN, prObabLy LEG. MEssaGEr; NHMUK 1904.8.1.13–14/2, TONkIN, (rarIssImE); NHMUK 1910.1.21.11–12/2, TONkIN, THaT KHé, prObabLy LEG. MEssaGEr; NHMUK 20150479 /5, TONkIN, V.W. MaCANdrEw COLL .; NHMUK 20150480 /2, TONkIN, E.R. SykEs COLL., 1954.</p><p>New material examined. HE/5, PGB/1 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.372185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.459116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.372185/lat 22.459116)">Ex</a> COLL. HEmmEN), Vn 10-68 VIETNam, CaO BằNG PrOvINCE, rIGHT Off OLd rd., Ca. 33 km frOm CaO BằNG TO ĐôNG KHê, 22°27.547'N, 106°22.331'E, LEG. CH. &amp; J. HEmmEN , 26 Mar 2010; HE/6, Vn 10-69 VIETNam, CaO BằNG PrOvINCE, Ca. 34.5 km frOm CaO BằNG TO ĐôNG KHê (LEfT <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.416565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.457317" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.416565/lat 22.457317)">Off</a> NEw rd.), 22°27.439'N, 106°24.994'E, LEG. CH. &amp; J. HEmmEN , 26 Mar 2010; HE/2 + 1 jUvENILE sHELL, Vn 09-21 VIETNam, CaO BaNG PrOvINCE, Ca . 38.8 km S Of CaO BaNG, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.40038&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.457417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.40038/lat 22.457417)">Ca.</a> 508 m, 22°27.445'N, 106°24.023'E, LEG. CH. &amp; J. HEmmEN , 15 OCT 2009; HE/4, 2011/85 VIETNam, CaO BằNG PrOvINCE, CaO BằNG 34.5 km TOwards ĐôNG KHê, LEfT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.41745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.458117" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.41745/lat 22.458117)">Of</a> THE rOad, 500 m, 22°27.487'N, 106°25.047'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI , 15 NOv 2011; HA/3, 2011/84 VIETNam, CaO BằNG PrOvINCE, ĐôNG KHê 3 km TOwards ĐèO LũNG PHầy, rIGHT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.43228&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.403717" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.43228/lat 22.403717)">Of</a> THE rOad, 390 m, 22°24.223'N, 106°25.937'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI , 15 NOv 2011; HE/1, Vn 11-159 VIETNam, LạNG SƠN PrOvINCE, aT km 74.8 ON rOad 1B, ĐồNG ĐăNG TO THáI NGUyêN (8 km S BắC SƠN), 21°54.543'N, 106°17.298'E, LEG. CH. HEmmEN, 0 2 Apr 2011; HE/8, PGB/2 (Ex COLL. HEmmEN), Vn 10-76 VIETNam, SƠN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.83438&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.789183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.83438/lat 20.789183)">La PrOvINCE</a>, Ca. 32 km frOm MộC CHâU TO Hà N ộI (OLd rOad), 20°47.351'N, 104°50.063'E, LEG. CH. &amp; J. HEmmEN, 0 2 Apr 2010.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2, GLOssy R1 aNd R3, LONG R3 wITH bLUNT swELLING aNd sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd INNEr LIp.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 41A) bEIGE; sHELL OUTLINE sLIGHTLy OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE aLmOsT fLaT, bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN 1.5 wHOrLs, GLOssy; R1 CONsIsTs Of sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN 1.75 wHOrLs, COarsELy, raTHEr IrrEGULarLy rIbbEd, rIbs wEakEr ON EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL (HErE THE sHELL Is aLmOsT smOOTH); TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CLEarLy vIsIbLE dUE TO sUddEN INCrEasE Of rIb dENsITy; LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 LEss THaN a HaLf wHOrL COmbINEd (abOUT 150–160 dEGrEEs), R2 sLIGHTLy sHOrTEr THaN R3; R2 vEry fINELy aNd dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs LOw, CUrvEd TOwards THE apErTUrE; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of THE OTHEr spECIEs HavING CUrvEd rIbs; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE bECaUsE rIbbING sTOps aT OrIGIN Of TUbE, R3 aLmOsT smOOTH, ONLy wITH barELy vIsIbLE, IrrEGULar GrOwTH LINEs; CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 NOT CONspICUOUs; apErTUrE ExTErNaLLy sLIGHTLy, INTErNaLLy sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd by HavING fIvE sTrONG kNOTs; OUTEr LIp NOT vEry HIGH bUT sHarp, sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, sITUaTEd CLOsE TO THE apErTUrE, INNEr LIp THICkENEd.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 4.6–5.4, H = 2.1–3.0 (N = 22, spECImENs frOm dIffErENT sampLEs).</p><p>Operculum. THE OpErCULUm Of THE HOLOTypE Is aLmOsT smOOTH, bUT THaT Of sampLE MNHN IM-2012-27038, wHICH Is IdENTICaL wITH THE TypE CONCHOLOGICaLLy, Has CLOsELy COILEd OpErCULUm (ObsErvEd IN 3 spECImENs). THE INNEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm COULd NOT bE ExamINEd.</p><p>Variation in specimens. THE sHELLs frOm sOUTHErN SON La PrOvINCE (VN 10-76) HavE sLIGHTLy wIdEr UmbILICUs THaN THE ONEs frOm LaNG SON aNd CaO BaNG PrOvINCEs, aNd THE dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THE INNEr aNd OUTEr pErIsTOmEs Is smaLLEr (THE pErIsTOmE Is OvEraLL THINNEr). THE pOpULaTIONs frOm LaNG SON aNd CaO BaNG PrOvINCEs sHOw NO NOTabLE varIabILITy IN TErms Of sHELL CHaraCTErs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax fraterculus dIffErs frOm D. anthostoma by THE smaLLEr, fLaTTEr sHELL, smOOTHEr R1 aNd ENTIrELy smOOTH R3, wEakEr CONsTrICTION aNd swELLING ON R3, OUTEr LIp sITUaTEd CLOsEr TO THE INNEr LIp, wHICH Has mOrE CUrvEd LObEs. SEE aLsO REmarks.</p><p>Distribution. THIs spECIEs Is kNOwN frOm NOrTHErN VIETNam (sOUTHErN SON La, LaNG SON aNd QUaNG UyEN PrOvINCEs) (FIGUrE 32).</p><p>Remarks. INITIaLLy wE CONsIdErEd syNONymIzING Alycaeus fraterculus wITH Dicharax fimbriatus, bECaUsE IT CaN bE INTErprETEd THaT THE fOrmEr faLLs wITHIN THE HUGE mOrpHOLOGICaL varIabILITy Of THE wIdEsprEad aNd CONCHOLOGICaLLy dIvErsE LaTTEr. WE dECIdEd TO kEEp D. fraterculus as a sEparaTE spECIEs bECaUsE D. fraterculus Has CONsErvaTIvE aNd CLEarLy rECOGNIzabLE TraITs (COmbINaTION Of sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE; GLOssy R1 aNd R3; LONG R2–R3, bLUNT swELLING ON R3), aNd THE raNGEs Of D. fraterculus aNd D. fimbriatus OvErLap wITHOUT mOrpHOLOGICaLLy INTErmEdIaTE fOrms.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFC0FFE9FF0BF956FEF4FCEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFC2FF96FF0BFCA7FB15FEE3.text	03CA87D8FFC2FF96FF0BFCA7FB15FEE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax imitator Asami 2017	<div><p>Dicharax imitator Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 34B, 38E–F, 42A–B.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99706, HA/4 paraTypEs, 2013/4 CHINa, GUaNGxI, BOsE SHI, LEyE XIaN, MOLI CUN, CLIffs S Of THE vILLaGE ON THE LEfT sIdE Of THE BULIU RIvEr, 540 m, 24°39.436'N, 106°43.245'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 8 SEp 2013 .</p><p>Etymology. THE NamE ImITaTOr (NOUN) rEfErs TO THE sHELL sHapE, wHICH Is vEry sImILar TO THOsE Of THE GENUs Dioryx .</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH CONspICUOUsLy ELEvaTEd spIrE rEsULTING IN a CONICaL sHELL sHapE (sHELL HEIGHT rOUGHLy maTCHEs sHELL wIdTH), TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2, sHOrT R3 wITH CENTraL swELLING, TrIaNGULar apErTUrE, pErIsTOmE NOT CrENULaTEd.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 34B) LIGHT brOwNIsH Or LIGHT GrEy, GLObOsE-CONICaL, TaLLEr THaN wIdE, Or sHELL HEIGHT EqUaL TO sHELL wIdTH; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw; bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCHs Of aLL THrEE sHELLs wErE wEaTHErEd (FIGUrEs 42A–B), THUs bOUNdary bETwEEN prOTOCONCH aNd TELEOCONCH was NOT dETECTEd; prOTOCONCH wITHOUT aNy rECOGNIsabLE sCULpTUrE; wHOLE sHELLs CONsIsTs Of 4.5–4.75 wHOrLs; R1 smOOTH, GLOssy, wITH sHarp, wIdELy-spaCEd, rEGULar rIbs NEar sUTUrE aNd INsIdE UmbILICUs; bOUNdary bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 vEry CLEarLy vIsIbLE dUE TO sUddEN CHaNGE Of sCULpTUrE; R2 aNd R3 Is apprOx. 160 dEGrEEs TOGETHEr, R2 LONGEr THaN R3; R2 fINELy, dENsELy rIbbEd (FIGUrEs 38E–F), rIbs wITH fLaT baCks, wHICH arE CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE aT ENd Of R2, bUT IN CUrvEd IN pOsTErIOr dIrECTION aT bEGINNING Of R2; EvEN wITH HavING CUrvEd baCks, THE spaCE bETwEEN THE rIbs NEarLy as wIdE as rIbs THEmsELvEs; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of OTHEr spECIEs HavING CUrvEd rIbs ON R2; CONsTrICTION vEry dEEp, wITH a bLUNT, bUT ELEvaTEd swELLING ON R3; R3 smOOTH, GLOssy; UmbILICUs vEry NarrOw; apErTUrE raTHEr TrIaNGULar, paLaTaL sIdE CUrvEd, parIETaL aNd COLUmELLar sIdEs sTraIGHT; pErIsTOmE sLIm IN HOLOTypE bUT sLIGHTLy THICkENEd IN paraTypEs; bOUNdary bETwEEN INNEr aNd OUTEr LIps HardLy vIsIbLE; THE OvEraLL pErIsTOmE sLIGHTLy ExpaNdEd IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.2–3.5, H = 3.4–3.4 (N = 3, TypE sampLE).</p><p>Operculum. UNkNOwN.</p><p>Variation in specimens. ExCEpT fOr THE dIffErENCEs IN THE THICkNEss Of THE pErIsTOmE, NO NOTabLE varIabILITy fOUNd IN TErms Of sHELL CHaraCTErs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. THIs NEw spECIEs CaN bE EasILy dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm aLL OTHEr CHINEsE aNd VIETNamEsE Dicharax spECIEs by ITs HIGHEr spIrEd sHELL. SImILar spECIEs wErE dEsCrIbEd frOm INdIa. Dicharax conicus (GOdwIN- AUsTEN, 1871) (ExamINEd sampLE: SamIamrI, E Of THE KOpILI R., LEG. GOdwIN-AUsTEN, NHMUK 1903.07.0 1.2674, 12 syNTypEs) Is smaLLEr; IT Has sHOrTEr R2 wITH fEwEr rIbs pEr arEa, aNd LaCk THE swELLING ON R3. MOrEOvEr, THE apErTUrE Of THE NEw spECIEs Is NEarLy TrIaNGULar dUE TO THE UppEr aNd LOwEr INCIsIONs, wHErEas IT Is rEGULarLy rOUNdEd IN Dicharax conicus . ALL Dioryx spECIEs dIffEr frOm Dicharax imitator n. sp. by THE vEry sHOrT R3 LaCkING a CENTraL swELLING, aNd THE smOOTH R2.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax imitator n. sp. Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy ONLy (FIGUrE 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFC2FF96FF0BFCA7FB15FEE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFBCFF97FF0BFF57FB57FB60.text	03CA87D8FFBCFF97FF0BFF57FB57FB60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax microcostatus Asami 2017	<div><p>Dicharax microcostatus Páll-Gergely n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrE 34C.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99708, PGB/1 paraTypE ( Ex COLL. K. OHara), 20070709B CHINa , SICHUaN, TaIaN ZHEN, QINGCHENGHOUsHaN, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, CUIyINGHU TO UppEr sTaTION Of JINLI CabLE sTaTION, 1273 m , 30°56.27110'N, 103°28.75198'E, LEG. Y. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.4792&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.93785" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.4792/lat 30.93785)">NakaHara</a>, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 9 JULy 2007; HA/1 wEaTHErEd sHELL (NOT paraTypE), 2015/48 CHINa , SICHUaN, CHENGdU SHI, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, QINGCHENGHOUsHaN, UNdEr BaIzHaNG BrIdGE, 1220 m, 30°56.088'N, 103°28.818'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 5 JUNE 2015.</p><p>Etymology. THE spECIfIC EpITHET rEfErs TO THE smaLL sIzE aNd rIbbEd sHELL Of THIs NEw spECIEs.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH rIbbEd R1, sHOrT R2 aNd R3, sHarp swELLING ON R3 aNd CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 34C) yELLOwIsH; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs, wE Had ONLy wEaTHErEd maTErIaL THErEfOrE sCULpTUrE COULd NOT bE ExamINEd; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.75 wHOrLs, rEGULarLy, fINELy rIbbEd; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 raTHEr smOOTH; R2 vEry dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of THE OTHEr spECIEs HavING CUrvEd rIbs; COmbINEd LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 sHOrT, apprOxImaTELy 70 dEGrEEs ONLy; R2 aNd R3 Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE dUE TO sLIGHT CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3; ENd Of R3 wITH a CONspICUOUs swELLING; R3 smOOTH aNd GLOssy; apErTUrE rOUNdEd, pErIsTOmE ExTErNaLLy sLIGHTLy CrENULaTEd; INNEr LIp THICkENEd, OUTEr LIp vEry wEak bUT sHarp.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.1, H = 2.0–2.2 (N = 2, TypE sampLE).</p><p>Operculum. THE INNEr sUrfaCE COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT a CENTraL NIppLE Is dIsCErNIbLE dUE TO THE sEmI- TraNsparENT CHaraCTEr Of THE OpErCULUm. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Is sEEmINGLy smOOTH, NO mULTIspIraL LamINa Is vIsIbLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. THE fEw kNOwN ExampLEs sHOw LITTLE varIabILITy IN sHELL CHaraCTErs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Dicharax microcostatus n. sp. CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm aLL CHINEsE aNd VIETNamEsE CONGENErs by THE smaLL sHELL sIzE aNd THE vEry sHOrT R2. Dicharax draco n. sp. Has a mOrE ELEvaTEd spIrE aNd a mUCH mOrE sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE. THE vEry varIabLE Dicharax fimbriatus dIffErs frOm D. microcostatus n. sp. by THE LONGEr R2 aNd R3, aNd THE swELLING ON R3, wHICH Is sITUaTEd IN GrEaTEr dIsTaNCE frOm THE pErIsTOmE, THaN IN THE NEw spECIEs. SEE UNdEr Dicharax micropolitus n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax microcostatus n. sp. Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy ONLy (FIGUrE 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFBCFF97FF0BFF57FB57FB60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFBCFF95FF0BFB32FE60FE53.text	03CA87D8FFBCFF95FF0BFB32FE60FE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax micropolitus Asami 2017	<div><p>Dicharax micropolitus Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 34D, 42C–D, 43.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99709, OK/1 paraTypE, 20070709B CHINa, SICHUaN, TaIaN ZHEN, QINGCHENGHOUsHaN, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, CUIyINGHU TO UppEr sTaTION <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.4792&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.93785" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.4792/lat 30.93785)">Of</a> JINLI CabLE sTaTION, 1273 m, 30°56.27110'N, 103°28.75198'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 9 JULy 2007 ; HA/1 paraTypE, 2015/48 CHINa, SICHUaN, CHENGdU SHI, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, QINGCHENGHOUsHaN, UNdEr BaIzHaNG BrIdGE, 1220 m, 30°56.088'N, 103°28.818'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 5 JUNE 2015, JUO/1 paraTypE (INNEr sIdE Of THE OpErCULUm ObsErvEd wITH SEM), PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex COLL. JU. OTaNI, OUTEr sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.47915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.937166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.47915/lat 30.937166)">Of</a> THE OpErCULUm ObsErvEd wITH SEM), 2015060536 CHINa, SICHUaN, CHENGdU SHI, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, QINGCHENGsHaN ZHEN, QINGCHENGHOUsHaN, BaIyUN CUN, ImmEdIaTELy abOvE BaIzHaNGqIaO (brIdGE), 1262 m, 30°56.230'N, 103°28.749'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, J.U. OTaNI, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; M. SzEkErEs.</p><p>Etymology. THE spECIfIC EpITHET rEfErs TO THE smaLL sIzE aNd smOOTH sHELL Of THIs NEw spECIEs.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH smOOTH R1, ExTrEmELy sHOrT R2, sHOrT R3 wITHOUT swELLING aNd rOUNdEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 34D) LIGHT GrEENIsH brOwN; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH (FIGUrEs 42C–D) LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs, GLOssy; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.75 wHOrLs, aLmOsT smOOTH, wITH ONLy vEry INCONspICUOUs, IrrEGULar GrOwTH LINEs; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 vEry CLEarLy vIsIbLE; R2 vEry dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of THE OTHEr spECIEs HavING CUrvEd rIbs; COmbINEd LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 sHOrT, apprOxImaTELy 70 dEGrEEs ONLy; R3 apprOxImaTELy fOUr TImEs LONGEr THaN R2; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE dUE TO CHaNGE Of sCULpTUrE, bUT NO CONsTrICTION vIsIbLE bETwEEN R2 aNd R3; swELLING ON R3 vEry bLUNT, NEarLy absENT; R3 smOOTH aNd GLOssy; apErTUrE ExaCTLy rOUNdEd, wITHOUT kNOTs Or CONspICUOUs UppEr INCIsION, bUT parIETaL rEGION adNaTE TO pENULTImaTE wHOrL; bOUNdary bETwEEN LIps HardLy vIsIbLE, INNEr LIp vEry wEak, OUTEr LIp vEry sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, EspECIaLLy IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.1–3.3, H = 1.9–2.2 (N = 3).</p><p>Operculum. STrONGLy CONvEx, OUTEr sIdE sEEmINGLy smOOTH, GLOssy, bUT apprOxImaTELy 5 wHOrLs arE CLEarLy vIsIbLE (FIGUrEs 43A–B); INNEr sIdE smOOTH, wITHOUT a NIppLE (FIGUrEs 43C–D).</p><p>Variation in specimens. THE fEw kNOwN spECImENs ExHIbIT LITTLE varIaTION IN sHELL mOrpHOLOGy.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. IN sIzE aNd sHELL sHapE Dicharax micropolitus n. sp. Is sImILar TO THE sympaTrIC D. microcostatus n. sp. THE dIffErENCEs arE THE fOLLOwING: R1 Is smOOTH IN D. micropolitus n. sp. bUT rIbbEd IN D. microcostatus n. sp.; R2 Is mUCH sHOrTEr IN D. micropolitus n. sp. THaN IN D. microcostatus n. sp.; R3 Is sHOrTEr IN D. microcostatus n. sp. aNd Has a CONspICUOUs swELLING NEar THE pErIsTOmE, bUT IT Is LONGEr aNd Has NO swELLING IN D. micropolitus n. sp. FUrTHErmOrE, THE pErIsTOmE Is rOUNdEd IN D. micropolitus n. sp. bUT sOmEwHaT CrENULaTEd IN D. microcostatus n. sp. THE COmbINaTION Of THE smaLL sHELL sIzE, THE sHOrT R2+R3 aNd THE CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE dIsTINGUIsHEd D. micropolitus n. sp. frOm aLL CONGENErs. SEE aLsO UNdEr D. immaculatus n. sp.</p><p>Dicharax birugosus (GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1893) frOm THE KHasI HILLs, INdIa (ExamINEd sampLE: NHMUK 1903.07.0 1.2628, 2 syNTypEs) Is sImILar TO D. micropolitus n. sp. IN TErms Of THE GLOssy R1 aNd R3, aNd THE sHOrT R2, bUT IT Has TwO LOw swELLINGs ON R2 aNd aN OvaL apErTUrE wITH CONspICUOUs LOwEr INCIsION. Dicharax duorugosus (GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1914) frOm THE NaGa HILLs (maTErIaL ExamINEd: BUrraIL, COLL. GOdwIN-AUsTEN, NHMUK 1903.07.01.2771) aLsO pOssEssEs TwO bLUNT swELLING ON R3 aNd Has OvaL apErTUrE. AddITIONaLLy, D. duorugosus Has smOOTH R2 wITHOUT ELEvaTEd rIbs.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax micropolitus n. sp. Is kNOwN frOm THrEE sITEs IN THE QINGCHENGHOUsHaN (praCTICaLLy a sINGLE pOpULaTION) (FIGUrE 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFBCFF95FF0BFB32FE60FE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFBEFF95FF0BFE3FFBFCF9C0.text	03CA87D8FFBEFF95FF0BFE3FFBFCF9C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax planorbulus (Heude 1885)	<div><p>Dicharax planorbulus (Heude, 1885)</p><p>FIGUrEs 21B–C, 42E–F, 44.</p><p>Alycoeus planorbulus Heude, 1885: 96, pl. 24, figs 2, 2a–c.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) planorbulus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) planorbulus — Kobelt, 1902: 361.</p><p>Types examined. 10 syNTypEs (MCZ 167136) Of A. planorbulus, CHINa, TCHEN-K'EOU. ACCOrdING TO JOHNsON (1973) paraTypEs arE aLsO prEsENT IN THE NMNH (INv. NUmbEr: 472342). THEsE wErE NOT ExamINEd by Us.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2, vEry sHOrT R2 aNd R3, rOUNdEd pErIsTOmE aNd a wrINkLEd mULTIspIraL LamELLa ON THE OUTEr sIdE Of THE OpErCULUm.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrEs 21B–C) yELLOwIsH IvOry; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd Or sLIGHTLy OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE raTHEr fLaT, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH (FIGUrEs 42E–F) LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.25–1.5 wHOrLs (N = 3), raTHEr maTTE; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.75 wHOrLs, rEGULarLy, dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs LOw; rIbs bECOmING sLIGHTLy mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd TOwards ENd Of R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 raTHEr smOOTH; R2 vEry dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT IT Is prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of THE OTHEr spECIEs HavING CUrvEd rIbs; COmbINEd LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 sHOrT, apprOxImaTELy 75–80 dEGrEEs; R2 aNd R3 Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 raTHEr CLEarLy vIsIbLE, INdICaTEd by a CONsTrICTION; R3 wITH a vEry sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd swELLING sITUaTEd vEry CLOsE TO pErIsTOmE; R3 IrrEGULarLy, dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs NOT CONspICUOUs; apErTUrE aLmOsT ExaCTLy rOUNdEd, wITHOUT kNOTs Or CONspICUOUs UppEr INCIsION; bOUNdary bETwEEN LIps sOmETImEs HardLy vIsIbLE, INNEr LIp vEry wEak, OUTEr LIp sOmEwHaT sHarp, bUT aLsO NOT CONspICUOUs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 4.1–4.8, H = 2.3–2.8 (N = 6, TypE sampLE).</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm (ExCEpT fOr THE NUCLEUs) Is COvErEd by aN ELEvaTEd, wrINkLEd LamELLa Of apprOxImaTELy sEvEN wHOrLs (FIGUrEs 44A–D). THE LamELLa Is bENT IN THE dIrECTION Of THE NUCLEUs, THErEfOrE IT bENT OvEr THE prEvIOUs wHOrLs Of ITsELf, bUT THE EdGEs Of THE dIffErENT wHOrLs Of THE LamELLa arE aLways CLEarLy vIsIbLE. THE OvEraLL sUrfaCE Of THE LamELLa fOrms a sHaLLOw fUNNEL.</p><p>Variation in specimens. THE TypE sampLE Is THE ONLy kNOwN maTErIaL. THEsE spECImENs sHOw ONLy sLIGHT varIabILITy IN TErms Of sHELL sIzE.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. THE ONLy sImILar CHINEsE spECIEs Is Dicharax bison n. sp. FOr dIffErENCEs, sEE THErE. THE sImILar, INdIaN D. rechilaensis Has mUCH LEss dENsE rIbs ON R2 aNd Has a mOrE CONspICUOUs swELLING ON R3.</p><p>Distribution. Dicharax planorbulus Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy ONLy (FIGUrE 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFBEFF95FF0BFE3FFBFCF9C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFBEFF93FF0BF94DFAB6FD9F.text	03CA87D8FFBEFF93FF0BF94DFAB6FD9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax plicilabris (Mollendorff 1886)	<div><p>Dicharax plicilabris (Möllendorff, 1886)</p><p>FIGUrE 33D.</p><p>Alycaeus plicilabris Möllendorff, 1886: 167, pl. 5, fig. 5.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) plicilabris — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) plicilabris — Kobelt, 1902: 361.</p><p>Chamalycaeus plicilabris plicilabris — Yen, 1939: 29, pl. 2, fig. 32.</p><p>Chamalycaeus (Chamalycaeus) plicilabris plicilabris — Zilch, 1957: 145, pl. 5, fig. 14.</p><p>Types examined. LECTOTypE (SMF 39229) aNd 4 paraLECTOTypEs (SMF 39229) Of A. plicilabris CHINa, PrOv. HUNaN , COLL. O. BOETTGEr Ex COLL. MöLLENdOrff.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH TypICaL Dicharax - TypE rIbs ON R2, bLUNT swELLING ON R3 aNd CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 33D) LIGHT OCHrE; sHELL OUTLINE OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH LOw, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs, raTHEr GLOssy; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5–1.75 wHOrLs, rEGULarLy, dENsELy rIbbEd; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CLEarLy vIsIbLE dUE TO dENsEr rIbs ON R2; R2 wITH rIbs CUrvING TOwards apErTUrE; CrOss-sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT IT Is prObabLy sImILar TO THOsE Of THE OTHEr spECIEs HavING CUrvEd rIbs; LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 Is apprOx. 110–120 dEGrEEs COmbINEd; R3 sLIGHTLy LONGEr THaN R2; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE, INdICaTEd by a sLIGHT CONsTrICTION; R3 NEarLy smOOTH, ONLy sOmE IrrEGULar, LOw GrOwTH LINEs arE vIsIbLE; apErTUrE rOUNdEd, bUT ExTErNaLLy sLIGHTLy CrENULaTEd; OUTEr LIp sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, sHarp; INNEr LIp THICkENEd, bOUNdary Of TwO LIps Is HardLy vIsIbLE.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.4–3.5, H = 2.2–2.4 (N = 2, SMF 39230).</p><p>Operculum. THE INNEr sUrfaCE COULd NOT bE ExamINEd. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Is smOOTH, bUT THE mULTIpLE wHOrLs arE vIsIbLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. THE varIabILITy wITHIN THE ONLy kNOwN sampLE Is LOw.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. THE OvEraLL sHELL CHaraCTErs (rIb dENsITy, prOpOrTIONs Of rEGIONs) Of D. plicilabris aGrEE wITH THOsE Of D. diminutus, bUT dIffEr IN THE fOLLOwING fEaTUrEs: D. plicilabris Is sLIGHTLy LarGEr THaN D. diminutus, IT Has mOrE ELEvaTEd spIrE (mOrE pOINTEd apEx), LONGEr aNd THINNEr R3, THICkEr aNd wIdEr INNEr LIp aNd kNOTs INsIdE THE apErTUrE. SEE aLsO UNdEr D. fargesianus aNd THE REmarks.</p><p>Distribution. ONLy THE OrIGINaL sampLE Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy.</p><p>Remarks. Dicharax plicilabris Is smaLLEr, fLaTTEr, aNd Has a bLUNTEr swELLING ON R3 THaN mOsT D. fimbriatus pOpULaTIONs. THE TwO spECIEs, HOwEvEr, arE pOssIbLy CONspECIfIC bECaUsE bOTH pOssEss a CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE, aNd sImILarLy LONG R2 aNd R3. If THEy arE CONspECIfIC, THE NamE plicilabris MöLLENdOrff, 1886 Has prIOrITy OvEr fimbriatus Bavay &amp; DaUTzENbErG, 1912 . WE prOvIsIONaLLy kEEp Dicharax plicilabris as a sEparaTE spECIEs bECaUsE Of THE fOLLOwING. Dicharax plicilabris Is mOsT sImILar TO D. diminutus . IT Is pOssIbLE THaT THE CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE appEarEd INdEpENdENTLy IN D. plicilabris, aNd ITs aNCEsTOrs arE D. diminutus -LIkE spECImENs pOssEssING rOUNdEd apErTUrEs. THUs, THE TwO spECIEs ( diminutus aNd plicilabris) arE prObabLy CLOsELy rELaTEd, aNd THE sImILarITy wITH D. fimbriatus Is ONLy dUE TO paraLLEL EvOLUTION. THIs HypOTHEsIs Is sUppOrTEd by THE GEOGrapHIC dIsTrIbUTION Of THE THrEE spECIEs IN qUEsTION. MOsT Dicharax fimbriatus spECImENs wE ExamINEd HavE bEEN COLLECTEd IN GUaNGxI, YUNNaN, GUIzHOU prOvINCEs aNd sOUTHErN HUNaN. ALTHOUGH rECENT COLLECTION aCTIvITy was sOmEwHaT LEss INTENsIvE IN THE NOrTHErN rEGIONs (NOrTHErN SICHUaN, CHONGqING, HUbEI) THaN IN THE sOUTH, IT sEEms THaT THE arEa Of Dicharax fimbriatus Is rEsTrICTEd TO sOUTHErN prOvINCEs (wITH THE ExCEpTION Of a sINGLE LOCaLITy IN NOrTHErN SICHUaN).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFBEFF93FF0BF94DFAB6FD9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFB8FF90FF0BFD74FB9DFE77.text	03CA87D8FFB8FF90FF0BFD74FB9DFE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax robustus Asami 2017	<div><p>Dicharax robustus Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi, n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 19C, 29A–B, 45.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99704, HNHM 99726 /1 (fIGUrEd paraTypE, Ex COLL. K. OHara), OK/19 paraTypEs + 1 jUvENILE sHELL (NOT paraTypE), PGB/2 paraTypEs (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.84357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.564034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.84357/lat 24.564034)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20000319 CHINa, YUNNaN, KUNmING SHI, YUqIqU, BIjIaNsHaN, GUaNyINsI (TEmpLE), apprOxImaTE GPS daTa: 24°16.271'N, 102°49.726'E, LEG. K. OHara; HA/3 paraTypEs, 2011/5 CHINa, YUNNaN, YUxI SHI, CHENGjIaNG XIaN, LUCHONG CUN, 1778 m, 24°33.842'N, 102°50.614'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 18 Mar 2011 .</p><p>Etymology. THIs NEw spECIEs Is NamEd afTEr ITs rObUsT appEaraNCE.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH ELEvaTEd spIrE, LONG R2, mOdEraTELy LONG R3, bLUNT swELLING ON R3, aNd rELaTIvELy LONG dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THE TwO LIps Of THE pErIsTOmE. THE CrOss sECTION Of rIbs Of R2 arE T-sHapEd, THEIr TOps aLmOsT rEaCH EaCH OTHEr fOrmING TUNNELs bETwEEN THE rIbs.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 19C) Off-wHITE, aLTHOUGH mOsT avaILabLE sHELLs Had brOwNIsH-rEddIsH dIrT bETwEEN THEIr rIbs; spIrE ELEvaTEd, sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH (FIGUrEs 29A– B) CONsIsTs Of apprOxImaTELy 2 wHOrLs, bUT bOUNdary bETwEEN prOTOCONCH aNd R1 NOT vIsIbLE CLEarLy IN aNy Of ExamINEd spECImENs, aLTHOUGH wE ExamINEd INTaCT (NOT wEaTHErEd) sHELLs; prOTOCONCH NOrmaLLy ELEvaTEd (NOT HIGHEr Or LOwEr THaN wHaT wOULd bE ExpECTEd frOm THE OvEraLL sHELL sHapE), IT Is maTTE, wITHOUT aNy NOTabLE sCULpTUrE; R1 apprOxImaTELy 1.5 wHOrLs IN LENGTH, rEGULarLy rIbbEd; IN frEsH sHELLs rIbs sHarp aNd sTrONGLy CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 vEry CONspICUOUs bECaUsE R2 mUCH mOrE dENsEr rIbbEd THaN prECEdING arEa; R2 vEry dENsELy rIbbEd (FIGUrEs 45A–C); CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 was ExamINEd IN TwO spECImENs (FIGUrEs 45D, 68B): aNTErIOr CrUsT fOrms a sIGNIfICaNTLy ELEvaTEd, sTrONG HOLLOw rIb, wHICH Has THE aNTErIOr aNd pOsTErIOr prOjECTIONs Of abOUT THE samE LENGTH; THIs rEsULTs IN T-sHapEd CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw; aNTErIOr CrUsT fOLds OvEr THE mUCH wEakEr pOsTErIOr CrUsT, wHICH Is NOT HOLLOw; mICrOTUNNEL NarrOw COmparEd TO rIbs, ITs CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw dEfOrmEd TEardrOp-sHapEd; R2 aNd R3 apprOxImaTELy 110 dEGrEEs TOGETHEr; R2 sOmEwHaT LONGEr THaN R3; R2 aNd R3 sEparaTEd by CONspICUOUs CONsTrICTION; R3 raTHEr IrrEGULarLy wrINkLEd; wrINkLEs apprOxImaTELy as dENsE as rIbs aT ENd Of R1; R3 wITH a bLUNT swELLING ON ITs mIddLE; apErTUrE rOUNdEd wITH sLIGHT UppEr INCIsION; pErIsTOmE rOUNdEd, NOT CrENULaTEd; INNEr LIp vEry sLIGHTLy THICkENEd, ExpaNdEd aNd prOTrUdING; pOsTErIOr LIp aLsO sLIGHTLy ExpaNdEd, rELaTIvELy sHarp, aTTaCHEd TO OUTEr LIp aT COLUmELLar rEGION, bUT bOUNdary bETwEEN TwO LIps CLEarLy vIsIbLE HErE as wELL; dIsTaNCE bETwEEN INNEr aNd OUTEr LIps bECOmEs LarGEr aT THE paLaTaL rEGION; UmbILICUs NarrOw.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 4.4–4.7, H = 3.3–3.6 (N = 4).</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULa Of sEvEraL spECImENs was ExamINEd: IT Is mULTIspIraL wITHOUT ELEvaTEd LamELLa.</p><p>Variation in specimens. NO NOTabLE varIabILITy was fOUNd wITHIN aNd bETwEEN pOpULaTIONs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. THIs NEw spECIEs Is mOrE sTrONGLy bUILT OvEraLL THaN Dicharax alticola n. sp. MOrEOvEr, IT Has a LarGEr sHELL, a mOrE ELEvaTEd spIrE, dENsEr rIbs ON R2, aNd THE swELLING ON R3 Is sHarpEr, aNd sITUaTEd CLOsEr TO THE apErTUrE. Dicharax robustus n. sp. Has a mOrE ELEvaTEd spIrE, THICkEr pErIsTOmE, sHOrTEr R3 aNd LONGEr R2 THaN THE NEIGHbOUrING pOpULaTIONs Of D. cristatus . MOrEOvEr, THE swELLING ON R2 Is sITUaTEd mUCH CLOsEr TO THE pErIsTOmE IN D. robustus n. sp. THE mOsT sImILar spECIEs TO D. robustus N. sp Is THE BUrmEsE Dicharax vestitus (BLaNfOrd, 1862) (maTErIaL ExamINEd: MOdITOUNG, NHMUK 1906.04.0 4.53, HOLOTypE), THaT dIffErs frOm THE NEw spECIEs by HavE HavING smOOTHEr R1, sHOrTEr R2, aNd THE OUTEr pErIsTOmE Is NOT ExpaNdEd, bUT TUrNs IN THE dIrECTION Of THE INNEr pErIsTOmE. SEE UNdEr Metalycaeus okuboi n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. THIs NEw spECIEs Is kNOwN frOm TwO LOCaLITIEs IN THE EasTErN parT Of THE CHINEsE YUNNaN PrOvINCE. THE dIsTaNCE bETwEEN THE TwO sITEs Is apprOxImaTELy 32 km (FIGUrE 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFB8FF90FF0BFD74FB9DFE77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFBBFF90FF0BF961FAECF893.text	03CA87D8FFBBFF90FF0BF961FAECF893.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax sp.</p><p>Material. MNHN IM-2012-27047/1 (mIxEd sampLE wITH D. depressus: MNHN IM-2012-27028), PaC-KHa, COLL. STaadT, 1969; HA/1.</p><p>Remarks. THE sHELL frOm PaC-KHa Is sImILar TO D. ellipticus n. sp. IN HavING a smOOTH R2, bUT dIffErs frOm IT by THE absENCE Of a THICkENEd basaL pErIsTOmE. FUTUrE rEsEarCH sHOULd CLarIfy THE IdENTITy Of THEsE smaLL sHELLs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFBBFF90FF0BF961FAECF893	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFB5FF9EFF0BFF58FD54FE1C.text	03CA87D8FFB5FF9EFF0BFF58FD54FE1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus Pilsbry 1900	<div><p>Genus Metalycaeus Pilsbry, 1900</p><p>Metalycaeus Pilsbry, 1900: 382 .</p><p>Type species. Alycaeus (Metalycaeus) melanopoma PILsbry, 1900 (syNONym Of Chamalycaeus nipponensis [REINHardT, 1877], sEE MINaTO 1988), by sUbsEqUENT dEsIGNaTION (THIELE 1929).</p><p>Remarks. THE GENErIC LEvEL rEvIsION Of THE ALyCaEIdaE Is IN prOGrEss. HErE wE rEfraIN frOm GIvING a dIaGNOsIs, aNd TENTaTIvELy CLassIfy aLL CHINEsE, LaO aNd VIETNamEsE spECIEs IN Metalycaeus, wHICH HavE spIraLLy sTrIaTEd prOTOCONCHs. BOTH Metalycaeus aNd Chamalycaeus HavE spIraL sTrIaE ON THE TELEOCONCH, bUT THE spIraL sTrIaTION Is mIssING ON THE prOTOCONCH Of THE LaTTEr (FIGUrE 46).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFB5FF9EFF0BFF58FD54FE1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFB4FF9FFF0BFF57FC4CFAF4.text	03CA87D8FFB4FF9FFF0BFF57FC4CFAF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus Pilsbry 1900	<div><p>Metalycaeus (?) awalycaeoides Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi, n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 47A, 48A–B, 49A–B.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99730, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.11311&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.303583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.11311/lat 29.303583)">Ex</a> COLL. A. HUNyadI, 2015/72 CHINa, SICHUaN, LEsHaN SHI, JINkOUHE XIaN, JINHE ZHEN, 610 m, 29°18.215'N, 103°6.787'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 18 JUNE 2015 .</p><p>Etymology. THE NamE awaLyCaEOIdEs rEfErs TO THE sImILarITy wITH THE mEmbErs Of THE JapaNEsE GENUs Awalycaeus, IN TErms Of GENEraL sHELL sHapE aNd prOpOrTIONs Of THE rEGIONs. ON THE OTHEr HaNd, Awalycaeus spECIEs dIffEr frOm Metalycaeus awalycaeoides n. sp. IN THE LOw, smOOTH prOTOCONCH aNd THE rIbs ON R2, wHICH arE LOw, aNd arE CONNECTEd TO EaCH OTHEr NEar THE TUbEs (sImILarLy TO THOsE Of Dicharax alticola n. sp.).</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH vEry sHOrT R2, ExTrEmELy sHOrT R3 wITHOUT swELLING, R1 wITH wIdELy-spaCEd, rELaTIvELy sTrONG rIbs, R2 wITH CUrvEd, dENsE rIbs; bOdy wHOrL vEry sLIGHTLy kEELEd, pErIsTOmE rOUNdEd.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 47A) COLOUr GrEyIsH LIGHT brOwN, aLTHOUGH sTrONGLy wEaTHErEd, THErEfOrE OrIGINaL COLOUr mIGHT bE dIffErENT; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, wITH CONspICUOUsLy INfLaTEd R2; prOTOCONCH CONsIsTs Of 1.75 wHOrLs, ELEvaTEd aNd sOmE rEmaINs Of spIraL sTrIaTION vIsIbLE NEar sUTUrE; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5 wHOrLs, IrrEGULarLy rIbbEd; rIbs bECOmE sTrONGEr aNd mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd TOwards ENd Of rEGION; spIraL sTrIaTION Of R1 wEakEr THaN radIaL sCULpTUrE; bOUNdary bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CLEarLy vIsIbLE bECaUsE rIbs ON R2 dENsEr aNd THEy arE CUrvEd (FIGUrEs 48A–B); R2 rELaTIvELy sHOrT, R3 ExTrEmELy sHOrT; R2 aNd R3 sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN 90 dEGrEEs COmbINEd; a dEEp CONsTrICTION fOLLOws ENd Of R2; rIbs ON R2 sTrONGLy dEvELOpEd, CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE, NEarLy rEaCHING THEIr NEIGHbOUrs; CrOss sECTION Of R2 COULd NOT bE ExamINEd; R3 wITHOUT swELLING, IrrEGULarLy, fINELy wrINkLEd, bUT aLmOsT smOOTH; apErTUrE rOUNdEd; pErIsTOmE OvEraLL THIN; INNEr pErIsTOmE raTHEr sHarp, NOT CONspICUOUs, OUTEr pErIsTOmE sLIGHTLy ExpaNdEd bUT NOT rEfLECTEd; bOUNdary bETwEEN TwO pErIsTOmEs vIsIbLE, bUT NOT CONspICUOUs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.5, H = 2.5 (N = 1, HOLOTypE).</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sIdE Of THE OpErCULUm Of THE HOLOTypE was ExamINEd (FIGUrEs 49A–B); IT Is mULTIspIraL wITH LOw, LamELLa HavING IrrEGULar, sErrULaTEd EdGE. THE INNEr sIdE Of THE OpErCULUm COULd NOT bE ExamINEd.</p><p>Variation in specimens. ONLy THE HOLOTypE Is kNOwN.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus awalycaeoides n. sp. Is OvEraLL sImILar TO M. muciferus, bUT sEparaTEd frOm THaT spECIEs ON THE basIs Of THE vEry sLIGHTLy kEELEd bOdy wHOrL, THE sHOrTEr R3, aNd mOsT ImpOrTaNTLy, THE rIbs ON R2, wHICH arE dENsE, aNd arE CUrvEd TOwards THE apErTUrE. Metalycaeus ibex n. sp., wHICH Is sImILar TO M. awalycaeoides n. sp. IN GENEraL sHELL sHapE, dIffErs frOm IT by HavING a mUCH sHarpEr bOdy wHOrL, sTrONGEr rIbs ON R2, aNd THICkEr pErIsTOmE. SEE aLsO UNdEr M. laosensis n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. THIs NEw spECIEs Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy ONLy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFB4FF9FFF0BFF57FC4CFAF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFB4FF85FF0BFA9EFF4FFD58.text	03CA87D8FFB4FF85FF0BFA9EFF4FFD58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus heudei (Bavay & Dautzenberg 1900)	<div><p>Metalycaeus heudei (Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1900)</p><p>FIGUrEs 49C–D, 50–52, 53C–D.</p><p>Alycaeus (Charax) heudei Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1900a: 121 .</p><p>Alycaeus (Charax) heudei Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1900b: 458 –459, pl. 11, figs 15–18. Alycaeus (Dicharax) heudei — Kobelt, 1902: 372.</p><p>Alycaeus paviei Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1912: 50 –51, pl. 4, figs 5–8. new synonym. Alycaeus paviei var. minor Bavay &amp; Dautzenberg, 1912: 51, pl. 4, fig. 9. new synonym. Chamalycaeus nanus (partim, see remarks under D. nanus)— Jaeckel, 1950: 19. Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) compressicosta Zilch, 1957: 145 –146, fig. 33. new synonym. Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) fractus Varga, 1974: 165 –167, figs 1–5. new synonym. Alycaeus zhuangiyucuii Yang, Fan, Qiao &amp; He, 2012: 32, fig. 2. new synonym. Chamalycaeus paviei — Do, et al., 2015: 118, fig 1D.</p><p>Types examined. MNHN IM-2012-27169 (TypE spECImEN, prObabLy HOLOTypE Of heudei), HaUT TONkIN, LEG. MEssaGEr ; MNHN IM-2012-27163 (TypE spECImEN, prObabLy HOLOTypE Of paviei), BaN LaO, LEG. MEssaGEr ; MNHN IM-2012-27164 (TypE spECImEN, prObabLy HOLOTypE Of paviei var. minor) ; HNHM 11916 (damaGEd HOLOTypE Of fractus, sEE rEmarks), BaN LaO, LEG. MEssaGEr; VIETNam, NaTUrsCHUTzpark CUC PHUONG bEIm DOrf DONG, Im REGENwaLd am FUssE vON KaLkfELsEN, LEG. T. PóCs, OCT 1963 ; SMF 158414 (HOLOTypE Of compressicosta), CHINa, PaTUNG, HUpEI, LEG. FUCHs , COLL. BOETTGEr.</p><p>Museum material examined. MNHN IM-2012-27027/1, TONkIN, BaN LaO, COLL. STaadT, 1969; MNHN IM- 2012-27029/2, TONkIN, PaC-KHa, COLL. DENIs, 1945; MNHN IM-2012-27036/1, TONkIN, LEG. MEssaGEr; NHMUK 1910.1.21.10/1, BaN LaO, TONkIN, prObabLy LEG. MEssaGEr; NHMUK 1904.11.10.3/1, TONkIN; NHMUK 1904.8.1.7/ 1, HaUT TONkIN; NHMUK 20150485/2, THaT KHé, TONkIN, E. SykEs COLL. 1954; NHMUK 20150491/2, (LabELLEd as Alycaeus paviei), BaU Has (INCOrrECT spELLING Of BaN LaO), E.R. SykEs COLL., ACC. 1954; SMF 346401/1 (sEE UNdEr Metalycaeus sp. aNd D. nanus), VIETNam: TONkIN, COLL. JaECkEL; MNHN IM-2012-27213/1 (Ex MNHN IM-2012- 27035 = vanbuensis), TONkIN, LaO Kay, COLL. LETELLIEr, 1949,.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.13583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.3205" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.13583/lat 29.3205)">New</a> material examined. JUO/1, OK/1, 20100510B CHINa, HUNaN, LIfUTa ZHEN, NEar KUzHUHE, 29°19.23'N, 110°08.15'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 May 2010 ; HA/3, 2013/16 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, HUaNjIaNG XIaN, CLIffs abOvE DONGNING VILLaGE S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.96065&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.0995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.96065/lat 25.0995)">Of</a> THE MULUN NaTUrE REsErvE, 530 m, 25°5.970'N, 107°57.639'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 17 SEp 2013 ; HA/2, 2013/4 CHINa, GUaNGxI, BOsE SHI, LEyE XIaN, MOLI CUN, CLIffs S Of THE vILLaGE ON THE LEfT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.72075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.657267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.72075/lat 24.657267)">Of</a> THE BULIU RIvEr, 540 m, 24°39.436'N, 106°43.245'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 8 SEp 2013 ; HA/2, 2013/20 CHINa, GUaNGxI, LaIbIN SHI, XINGbIN QU, QIdONG XIaNG, CLIffs abOvE THE POLIU ELEmENTary SCHOOL, 150 m, 24°0.512'N, 109°4.288'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 20 SEp 2013; PGB/2 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.83455&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.420496" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.83455/lat 23.420496)">Ex</a> COLL. OHara), 20 050614 A CHINa, GUaNGxI, NapO XIaN, NapO, GaNdUOyaN, 1587 m, 23°25.22979'N, 105°50.07308'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 14 JUNE 2005 ; HA/1, 2009/102 CHINa, GUaNGxI, BOsE SHI, NapO XIaN, NapO, GaNdUOyaN, rOCk waLL abOvE THE CavE, 460 m, 23°25.290'N, 105°50.383'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 20 OCT 2009; PGB/1 (Ex COLL. OkUbO), 20060110C CHINa, GUaNGxI, NapO XIaN, LONGHE XIaNG, GravEyard aT rIGHT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.95012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.352396" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.95012/lat 23.352396)">Of</a> rOad, 1153 m, 23°21.14377'N, 105°57.00734'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 JaN 2006 ; OK/1, OKA /1, PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. OkUbO), 20060110G CHINa, GUaNGxI, NapO XIaN , POHE XIaNG, NaCHI, 913 m, 23°16.45981'N, 105°58.97426'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 JaN 2006; HA/2, 2009/70 CHINa, GUaNGxI, LaIbIN SHI, EasTErN EdGE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.16715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.40585" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.16715/lat 23.40585)">Of</a> XIaOpINGyaN, WUsHaN, 130 m, 23°24.351'N, 109°10.029'E, LEG. A.</p><p>HUNyadI, 0 7 OCT 2009; PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20041109 A CHINa , GUaNGxI, GUIGaNG SHI, GUzHaNG XIaNG, WUsHaN XIaNG, 131 m, 23°21.178'N, 109°17.432'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 7 NOv 2004; HA/2, 2009/74a CHINa, GUaNGxI, GUIGaNG SHI, GUzHaNG XIaN, CHUaNsHaN CUN, rOad LEadING TO NOrTH, rOCks IN THE EasT, 160 m, 23°20.865'N, 109°19.169'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 9 OCT 2009; PGB/2 (Ex COLL. OHara), 20041109 E CHINa, GUaNGxI, GUIGaNG SHI, GUzHaNG XIaNG, bEyONd SHa CUN, 125 m, 23°18.180'N, 109°15.277'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 9 NOv 2004; HA/1 + 1 wEaTHErEd sHELL, 2009/96 CHINa, GUaNGxI, GUIGaNG SHI, GUzHaNG XIaN, EasTErN EdGE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.27018&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.3136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.27018/lat 23.3136)">Of</a> SHa CUN – LITaNGCUN, 140 m, 23°18.816'N, 109°16.211'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 17 OCT 2009; HA/1, 2009/95 CHINa , GUaNGxI, GUIGaNG SHI, GUzHaNG XIaN, ENvIrONmENT Of CrOssrOad Of PaN CUN , 130 m, 23°19.072'N, 109°17.320'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 17 OCT 2009; PGB/1 (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20030318B CHINa, GUaNGxI, GUIGaNG SHI, GUzHaNG XIaNG, LIaNGGUdadUI, NO GPS daTa, LEG. K. OkUbO, 18 Mar 2003; OK/1, 2004 1107A CHINa, GUaNGxI, BINyaNG XIaN, LITaNG ZHEN, CHENTaO, 79 m, 23°12.165'N, 109°12.771'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 7 NOv 2004; OK/2, 20050324B CHINa, GUaNGxI, CHONGzUO XIaN, TaIpINGzHEN, LEG. SH. MOrIya &amp; K. OHara, 24 Mar 2005; HE/1, Vn 09-32 VIETNam , BaC KaN PrOvINCE, Ba Bé NaTIONaL <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.57008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.4525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.57008/lat 22.4525)">Park</a>, DaN DaNG waTErfaLL, 168 m, 22°27.150'N, 105°34.205'E, LEG. CH . &amp; J. HEmmEN, 19 OCT 2009; HE/1, Vn 09-33 VIETNam , BaC KaN PrOvINCE, Ba Bé NaTIONaL Park, sUrrOUNdINGs Of Na PHOONG CavE, LEG. CH . &amp; J. HEmmEN, 20 OCT 2009; PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. OkUbO), 20070414B VIETNam , BaC KaN PrOvINCE, BabE, BabE NaTIONaL Park, Na POONG CavE, 22°23.36043'N, 105°36.77697'E, LEG. K. OkUbO, 14 Apr 2007; HE/1, Vn 10-68 VIETNam, CaO BằNG PrOvINCE, rIGHT Off OLd rd., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.372185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.459116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.372185/lat 22.459116)">Ca.</a> 33 km frOm CaO BằNG TO ĐôNG KHê, 22°27.547'N, 106°22.331'E, LEG. CH . &amp; J. HEmmEN, 26 Mar 2010; HE/3, PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. HEmmEN), Vn 09-18 VIETNam , LạNG SƠN PrOvINCE, Ca. 27 km S Of THấT KHê, rIGHT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.59045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.124733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.59045/lat 22.124733)">Off rd.</a> #4 (LạNG SƠN-THấT KHê), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.59045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.124733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.59045/lat 22.124733)">Ca.</a> 300 m, 22°07.484'N, 106°35.427'E, LEG. CH . &amp; J. HEmmEN, 13 OCT 2009; DDS/7, DDS4 VIETNam, SON La PrOvINCE, MUONG La DIs. , LImEsTONE karsT IN MUONG BU COm, 718 m, 21°24'05.1"N, 104°06'13.2"E, LEG. Đ.S. Đỗ, 10 NOv 2013; HE/1, Vn 11-104 VIETNam, SƠN La PrOvINCE, rIGHT sIdE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.5885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.876116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.5885/lat 20.876116)">Off</a> rOad MộC CHâU TO SƠN La, 20°52.567'N, 104°35.310'E, LEG. CH . HEmmEN, 14 OCT 2011; NHMUK 19991434 /1, VIETNam, NINH BINH PrOvINCE, CUC PHUONG NaTIONaL <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.54&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.21" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.54/lat 20.21)">Park</a>, PrEHIsT. MaN CavE, STEEp LImEsTONE sLOpE wITH dIsTUrbEd fOrEsT, HaNdpICkEd + sOIL sampLE, 20.21N, 105.54E (apprOx.), LEG. J.J. VErmEULEN &amp; L. DEHarvENG, Ex COLL. VErmEULEN, 10 OCT 1998; WM/1 , MAA6 VIETNam 39, NINH BINH PrOvINCE, CUC PHUONG NaTIONaL Park, 1 km WNW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.54&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.21" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.54/lat 20.21)">Of</a> XOm BONG, 20.21°N, 105.54°E, LEG. J. VErmEULEN, 10 OCT 1998; WM/2 , MAA1 VIETNam, THaNH HOa PrOvINCE, PU LUONG NaTIONaL Park, LImEsTONE HILL NEar smaLL NaTIvE vILLaGE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.2275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.4565" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.2275/lat 20.4565)">Am</a>, 20°27.39'N, 105°13.65'E, LEG. W. J.M. MaassEN, 21 SEp 2003 (LOCaLITy COdE: WMVT.0344); WM/2 , MAA5 VIETNam, QUaNG NINH PrOvINCE, Ha LONG Bay arEa, DaU BE IsLaNd , 20°46.49'N, 107°07.99'E, LEG. W.J.M. MaassEN, 15 SEp 2003 (LOCaLITy COdE: WMVT.0340); WM/1, MAA7 VIETNam, QUaNG NINH PrOvINCE, Ha LONG Bay arEa, TIEN ONG CavE ON HaNG TraI IsLaNd, COLLECTEd INsIdE THE CavE, 20°48.96'N, 107°07.33'E, LEG. W.J.M. MaassEN, 0 6 SEp 2003 (LOCaLITy COdE: WMVT.0328); MNHN IM-2012-27331 /1, 39L06 CENTraL LaOs, LUaNG PrabaNG PrOvINCE, apprOx. 1.5 km NE Of BaN Lak SIp, apprOx . 5 km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.184685&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.860083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.184685/lat 19.860083)">Of</a> LUaNG PrabaNG, PHOU XUaNG mOUNTaIN, UNdEr rOCks aNd LOGs IN OLd sECONdary fOrEsT UNdEr CLIff, 640 m, 19°51.605'N, 102°11.081'E, LEG. A. AbdOU &amp; I.V. MUraTOv, 24 NOv 2004 ; MNHN IM-2012-27330/1, LaOs, Tay CHaNG (UNkNOwN LOCaLITy).</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL TO LarGE (UsUaLLy mEdIUm sIzEd) spECIEs wITH vEry LONG R2 HavING TypICaL Metalycaeus - TypE rIbs, a sHarp swELLING ON R3 aNd a UsUaLLy rOUNdEd apErTUrE. THE spECIEs sHOws a GrEaT varIabILITy aCrOss pOpULaTIONs IN TErms Of sIzE, sHELL sHapE aNd THE LENGTH Of R2.</p><p>Description of the holotype of heudei . SHELL (FIGUrE 52A) IvOry; sHELL OUTLINE sLIGHTLy OvaTE frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd; EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH ELEvaTEd, CONsIsTs Of sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN 1.75 wHOrLs, fIrsT ONE aNd a HaLf wHOrLs NEarLy smOOTH, LasT HaLf wHOrLs wITH fINE spIraL LINEs; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5 wHOrLs, rEGULarLy rIbbEd; rIbs wIdELy-spaCEd OvEraLL, bECOmING GradUaLLy dENsEr TOwards ENd Of R1, arEa bETwEEN rIbs wITH vEry fINE spIraL sTrUCTUrE; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 NOT CONspICUOUs, bECaUsE rIbs bECOmE ONLy sLIGHTLy dENsEr; R2 wITH sHarp, wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs; CrOss sECTION Of rIbs COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO OTHEr Metalycaeus spECIEs HavING wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs; LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 sLIGHTLy LEss THaN a HaLf wHOrL COmbINEd, R2 sLIGHTLy LONGEr THaN R3; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 CLEarLy vIsIbLE dUE TO a CONspICUOUs, dEEp CONsTrICTION; R3 wITH ELEvaTEd, sTrONG swELLING, wHICH Is fINELy, dENsELy rIbbEd; arEa bETwEEN swELLING aNd apErTUrE wITH IrrEGULar GrOwTH LINEs; apErTUrE rOUNdEd; OUTEr LIp ExpaNdEd aNd sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, EspECIaLLy IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs; INNEr LIp THICkENEd aNd sLIGHTLy prOTrUdING; dIsTaNCE bETwEEN TwO LIps rELaTIvELy LarGE.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.6–7.2, H = 2.3–4.8 (N = 32). SEE aLsO TabLE 4.</p><p>......continued on the next page Operculum. BOTH sIdEs Of THE OpErCULUm was ExamINEd IN THE 20030318B sampLE, wHErEas ONLy THE OUTEr sIdE Has bEEN ExamINEd IN THE fOLLOwING ONEs: 20070414B, 20041107 A, 20050324B, MNHN IM-2012-27027, MNHN IM-2012-27036. THE INNEr sUrfaCE (FIGUrEs 49C–D) Is wITH aN ELEvaTEd NIppLE, THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Is smOOTH, aNd vEry OfTEN COvErEd by a THIN LayEr Of mUd. If IT Is CLEaN, THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Is GLOssy, smOOTH, THE mULTIspIraL sTrUCTUrE Is barELy vIsIbLE, Or NOT vIsIbLE aT aLL.</p><p>Variation in specimens. Metalycaeus heudei Is a vEry varIabLE spECIEs IN sHELL sIzE, spIrE HEIGHT, LENGTH aNd sHapE (bULGING Or NOT) Of R2 aNd THE sTrENGTH Of THE swELLING ON R3. ONE pOpULaTION (2013/16) Has aN ExTErNaLLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE, wHICH Is rOUNdEd IN THE OTHErs. VarIabILITy wITHIN pOpULaTION Is LOw, aLTHOUGH mOsT avaILabLE sampLEs CONTaINEd fEw sHELLs. TabLE 4 COmpILEs THE varIabLE TraITs aNd THEIr CHaraCTEr sTaTEs IN ExamINEd pOpULaTIONs. SEE aLsO rEmarks.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus muciferus LaCks THE swELLING ON R3 aNd Has mUCH sHOrTEr R2. Metalycaeus libonensis Has a sHOrTEr R2, aNd R3, aNd THE swELLING Of R3 Is sITUaTEd mUCH CLOsEr TO THE pErIsTOmE THaN IN M. heudei . MOrEOvEr, THE apErTUrE Of M. libonensis Is mOrE ObLIqUE (THE UppEr parT Of THE pErIsTOmE Is mOrE prOTrUdING aNTErIOrLy) THaN THaT Of M. heudei . SEE aLsO UNdEr M. oharai n. sp. aNd M. latecostatus .</p><p>Distribution. Alycaeus heudei Is wIdELy dIsTrIbUTEd frOm NOrTHErN VIETNam (NINH BINH PrOvINCE) aNd NOrTHErN LaOs (LUaNG PrabaNG PrOvINCE) TO THE CHINEsE YUNNaN, HUNaN aNd HUbEI prOvINCEs. MOsT pOpULaTIONs arE kNOwN frOm NOrTHErN VIETNam aNd GUaNGxI (FIGUrE 54).</p><p>Remarks. THE HOLOTypE Of Chamalycaeus fractus Is damaGEd. AfTEr fINIsHING THE drawING Of THE HOLOTypE, wHICH was pUbLIsHEd IN THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION, a COLLEaGUE Of ANdrás VarGa sTEppEd ON THE sHELL by aCCIdENT. As a rEsULT, THE apEx aNd apErTUraL rEGION Of THE sINGLE kNOwN sHELLs was brOkEN. THE rEmaINING apprOxImaTELy ONE wHOrL Of THE HOLOTypE Is dEpOsITEd IN THE HNHM (A. VarGa, pErs. COmm., JULy 2014). WE ExamINEd THaT sHELL fraGmENT, bUT IT dId NOT prOvIdE ENOUGH INfOrmaTION. THE drawING prEsENTEd IN THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION (FIGUrE 52E), HOwEvEr, Is dETaILEd ENOUGH TO dECIdE THE TaxONOmIC sTaTUs Of C. fractus . MOrEOvEr, wE ExamINEd spECImENs sUbsEqUENTLy COLLECTEd aT THE samE LOCaLITy (NHMUK 19991434, FIGUrE 52D).</p><p>WE fOUNd NO NOTabLE dIffErENCEs bETwEEN THE HOLOTypEs Of A. paviei aNd A. paviei var. minor (FIGUrEs 51A–B) ExCEpT fOr THE sIzE, THErEfOrE THE LaTTEr Is NOT a dIffErENT TaxON. TypICaL A. heudei (FIGUrE 52A) Has a LOwEr spIrE aNd a sHOrTEr R2 THaN TypICaL A. paviei . THEsE dIffErENCEs arE, HOwEvEr, NOT sTabLE aCrOss pOpULaTIONs. SOmE pOpULaTIONs sHOw INTErmEdIaTE CHaraCTEr sTaTEs bETwEEN A. heudei aNd A. paviei IN TErms Of bOTH spIrE HEIGHT aNd TUbE LENGTH, wHErEas OTHEr sHELLs arE sImILar TO ONE TaxON IN ONE CHaraCTEr, bUT TO THE OTHEr TaxON IN THE OTHEr TraIT (TabLE 4). THE HOLOTypE Of C. compressicosta (FIGUrE 50B) dIffErs frOm THE HOLOTypE Of A. paviei by THE sHOrTEr aNd LEss bULGING R2 aNd a LEss ELEvaTEd spIrE. TypICaL A. heudei spECImENs dIffEr frOm THE HOLOTypE Of C. compressicosta by THE fLaTTEr sHELL aNd LOwEr swELLING ON R3. NONE Of THE dIffErENCEs bETwEEN THE HOLOTypEs Of C. compressicosta, A. heudei aNd A. paviei arE sTabLE aCrOss pOpULaTIONs, aNd THErEfOrE, sUffICIENT TO dIffErENTIaTE C. compressicosta frOm THE TwO OTHEr fOrms. THE drawING Of THE HOLOTypE Of C. fractus aNd THE spECImEN COLLECTEd IN THE samE LOCaLITy sHOw NO NOTabLE dIffErENCEs frOm TypICaL A. paviei sHELLs. As a CONsEqUENCE, A. paviei, A. paviei var. minor, C. compressicosta aNd C. fractus arE jUNIOr syNONyms Of A. heudei . THE TypE spECImENs Of Alycaeus zhuangiyucuii wErE NOT ExamINEd by Us. THE pHOTOs prEsENTEd IN THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION (FIGUrE 51D), HOwEvEr, CLEarLy sHOw THaT A. zhuangiyucuii Is IdENTICaL wITH Alycaeus paviei, aNd THErEfOrE, syNONym Of Alycaeus heudei .</p><p>ACCOrdING TO SCHILEykO (2011) BaN LaO (TypE LOCaLITy Of Alycaeus paviei aNd A. paviei var. minor) Is sITUaTEd IN LaOs (19°39'N, 103°19'E). HOwEvEr, THIs CITy (?) Is LOCaTEd prObabLy sOmEwHErE aLONG THE CHINEsE bOrdEr IN NOrTHErN TONkIN, bECaUsE IT Is UsUaLLy mENTIONEd as "BaN LaO, TONkIN". FUrTHErmOrE, prObabLy aLL sampLEs frOm BaN LaO OrIGINaTEd frOm COLONEL MEssaGEr, wHO, TO OUr kNOwLEdGE, dId NOT COLLECT IN LaOs, bUT was aN aCTIvE COLLECTOr aLONG THE NOrTHErN bOrdEr Of TONkIN. THErEfOrE, "BaN LaO" sENsU SCHILEykO (2011) Is NOT INdICaTEd ON OUr map.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFB4FF85FF0BFA9EFF4FFD58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFAEFF85FF0BFD3CFAE8F86C.text	03CA87D8FFAEFF85FF0BFD3CFAE8F86C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus Pilsbry 1900	<div><p>Metalycaeus (?) ibex Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrE 55E.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE MNHN IM- 2012-27042, VIETNam, TONkIN, Cam DUONG, LEG. MEssaGEr.</p><p>Etymology. THE prOmINENT rIbs Of THE R1 Of THIs NEw spECIEs rEsEmbLEs TO THE rIbbEd HOrNs Of THE ALpINE IbEx ( Capra ibex).</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH vEry sHOrT R2 aNd R3, R3 wITHOUT swELLING; R1 wITH wIdELy-spaCEd, sTrONG rIbs, bOdy wHOrL kEELEd; pErIsTOmE rOUNdEd.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 55E) OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE raTHEr fLaT, wITH CONspICUOUsLy INfLaTEd R2, EdGE Of R1 sLIGHTLy, THaT Of R2 sHarpLy kEELEd; ONLy a sINGLE, sLIGHTLy wEaTHErEd sHELL was avaILabLE, THErEfOrE sCULpTUrE Of prOTOCONCH COULd NOT bE ExamINEd; IT CONsIsTs Of sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN 1.25 wHOrLs; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.75 wHOrLs, raTHEr rEGULarLy rIbbEd, rIbs vEry wIdELy spaCEd aNd sHarp, wITH sOmE addITIONaL, INCOmpLETE rIbLETs bETwEEN maIN rIbs; spIraL sTrUCTUrE vIsIbLE ON sOmE, NOT sTrONGLy wEaTHErEd parTs Of R1 (INsIdE UmbILICUs aNd ON pENULTImaTE wHOrL faCING TO R3); rIbs bECOmING sLIGHTLy mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd TOwards ENd Of R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 vEry CLEarLy vIsIbLE; R2 vEry dENsELy rIbbEd; CrOss sECTION Of rIbs COULd NOT bE ExamINEd; COmbINEd LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 sHOrT, apprOxImaTELy 70–80 dEGrEEs ONLy; R3 sLIGHTLy sHOrTEr THaN R2; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 rELaTIvELy CLEarLy vIsIbLE dUE TO absENCE Of rIbs ON R3 aNd vEry dEEp CONsTrICTION; R3 sEEms TO bE mUCH NarrOwEr THaN R2 bECaUsE Of dOrsaLLy vIsIbLE kEEL Of THE R2; R3 sEEmsINGLy smOOTH; apErTUrE sLIGHTLy TEardrOpsHapEd, NOT CrENULaTEd; INNEr LIp dOmINaNT, vEry THICk, OUTEr LIp sLImmEr, sOmEwHaT ELEvaTEd aNd sHarp aNd vEry sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.4, H = 2.0 (N = 1, HOLOTypE).</p><p>Operculum. UNkNOwN.</p><p>Variation in specimens. ONLy THE HOLOTypE Is kNOwN.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus ibex n. sp. CaN bE EasILy dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm aLL CHINEsE aNd VIETNamEsE LOw-spIrEd ALyCaEIdaE by THE COmbINaTION Of vEry wIdELy spaCEd, sTrONG rIbs ON R1, THE sHarpLy kEELEd aNd dENsELy rIbbEd R2, aNd THE vEry sHOrT R3. KEELEd pOpULaTIONs Of Dicharax depressus HavE a sUpErfICIaLLy sImILar sCULpTUrE aNd aNGULaTEd sHELL. HOwEvEr, THE kEELEd parT Of Dicharax depressus Is rEsTrICTEd TO R1, wHErEas IN CasE Of M. ibex n. sp. R2 Is kEELEd. MOrEOvEr, THE rIbs ON R1 arE mUCH mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd THaN IN Dicharax depressus, aNd R3 Is sHOrTEr IN M. ibex n. sp. SEE aLsO UNdEr M. awalycaeoides n. sp.</p><p>Distribution. THE ONLy kNOwN sHELL Of THE NEw spECIEs was COLLECTEd frOm Cam DUONG (= Cam ÐUòNG, N VIETNam, 22°25'N, 104°00'E, sEE SCHILEykO 2011).</p><p>Remarks. THE fINE sCULpTUrE Of THE prOTOCONCH aNd R2 Is UNkNOwN bECaUsE Of THE wEaTHErEd sTaTE Of THE HOLOTypE. Metalycaeus ibex n. sp. Is pLaCEd IN THE GENUs Metalycaeus bECaUsE Of THE spIraL LINEs vIsIbLE ON R1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFAEFF85FF0BFD3CFAE8F86C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFA8FF80FF0BFF57FF43FCEA.text	03CA87D8FFA8FF80FF0BFF57FF43FCEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus laosensis Asami 2017	<div><p>Metalycaeus laosensis Páll-Gergely, n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrE 47C.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE MNHN IM-2012-27172, 26 L04 NOrTHErN LaOs, PHONGsaLy PrOvINCE, OLd fOrEsT NEar sTrEam apprOx. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.18332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.744383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.18332/lat 21.744383)">1 km SW Of</a> a sTrEam aNd Nam OU (rIvEr) CONfLUENCE, 493 m, 21°44.663'N, 102°10.999'E, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv, N. PHOTHIHOUmpHaNH, 0 4 DEC 2004 ; MNHN IM-2012-27176 /1 paraTypE, 5L05 NOrTHErN LaOs, PHONGsaLy PrOvINCE, NE Of PHONGsaLy, aT NE parT Of PHOUfa MOUNTaIN rIdGE, 883 m, 21°43.381'N, 102°09.813'E, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv, 0 7 Mar 2005; MNHN IM-2012-27175 /1 paraTypE, 35L05 NOrTHErN LaOs, PHONGsaLy PrOvINCE, OLd fOrEsT ON THE wEsTErN parT Of SEN SI LENG TsU mOUNTING raNGE, dIvIdING Nam SING NHa aNd Nam ONG, 1030 m, 21°43.021'N, 102°17.477'E, LEG. A. AbdOU &amp; I.V. MUraTOv, 24 Mar 2005; MNHN IM- 2012-27174 /1 paraTypE, 28L05 NOrTHErN LaOs, PHONGsaLy PrOvINCE, OLd fOrEsT NEar smaLL sTrEam aT THE UppEr rEaCHEs Of Nam PUHa rIvEr basIN, 798 m, 21°46.507'N, 102°25.638'E, LEG. A. AbdOU, I.V. MUraTOv, 21 Mar 2005; MNHN IM-2012-27173 /1 (vEry smaLL, jUvENILE sHELL, NOT paraTypE), 07L04 NOrTHErN LaOs, PHONGsaLy PrOvINCE, OLd fOrEsT ON PHOUfa MOUNTaIN (1625 m) jUsT <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.108215&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.688883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.108215/lat 21.688883)">NOrTH Of</a> PHONGsaLy, 1430–1618 m, 21°41.333'N, 102°06.493'E, LEG. A. AbdOU &amp; I.V. MUraTOv, 17–18 NOv 2004 .</p><p>Etymology. Metalycaeus laosensis n. sp. Is NamEd afTEr THE COUNTry wHErE IT OCCUrs.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH sHOrT, INfLaTEd R2 HavING CUrvEd rIbs (aT LEasT THE mOsT aNTErIOr ONEs), a vEry sHOrT R3, a dEEp CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3, aNd a rEfLECTEd pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Description (FIGUrE 47C). OrIGINaL sHELL COLOUr LIGHT brOwN TO GrEENIsH-yELLOwIsH, bUT mOsT sHELLs wErE sOmEwHaT wEaTHErEd; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw wITH CONspICUOUsLy INfLaTEd R2; spIrE rELaTIvELy sTrONGLy ELEvaTEd; bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH ELEvaTEd, spIraLLy sTrIaTEd, CONsIsTs Of 1.75 wHOrLs; bOUNdary bETwEEN prOTOCONCH aNd TELEOCONCH sHarp; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5 wHOrLs, wITH IrrEGULar, LOw, wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs aNd fINE spIraL sTrIaTION; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 NOT CONspICUOUs, bECaUsE rIbs Of R2 INCrEasE GradUaLLy; R2 sHOrT, rEGULarLy, dENsELy rIbbEd, rIbs raTHEr sTraIGHT IN pOsTErIOr parT Of rEGION, rIbs GradUaLLy CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE; R3 vEry sHOrT; bOUNdary bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 Is INdICaTEd by a dEEp CONsTrICTION; apErTUrE wIdE, rOUNdEd; INNEr pErIsTOmE NOT CONspICUOUs; OUTEr pErIsTOmE ExpaNdEd aNd rEfLECTEd (EspECIaLLy IN THE paLaTaL rEGION); bOUNdary bETwEEN INNEr aNd OUTEr pErIsTOmEs HardLy vIsIbLE; UmbILICUs dEEp.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 4.6–5.2; H = 3.6–3.8 (N = 3).</p><p>Operculum. UNkNOwN.</p><p>Variation in specimens. ExCEpT fOr sOmE mINOr dIffErENCEs IN sHELL sIzE, THErE arE NO NOTabLE dIffErENCEs bETwEEN THE spECImENs IN sHELL CHaraCTErs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus laosensis n. sp. Is mOsT sImILar TO M. awalycaeoides n. sp. dUE TO THE dEEp CONsTrICTION aNTErIOr TO R2 aNd THE rIbs, wHICH arE CUrvEd TOwards THE apErTUrE. HOwEvEr, M. laosensis n. sp. Is LarGEr, Has a mOrE ELEvaTEd spIrE aNd a dEEpEr UmbILICUs, THE pOsTErIOr rIbs Of R2 arE NEarLy sTraIGHT, aNd IT Has a mUCH mOrE ExpaNdEd pErIsTOmE. Metalycaeus muciferus Has sTraIGHT rIbs ON R2 aNd THE CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 Is sHaLLOwEr.</p><p>Distribution. THIs NEw spECIEs Is kNOwN frOm fIvE LOCaLITIEs IN PHONGsaLy PrOvINCE, NOrTHErN LaOs (FIGUrE 57).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFA8FF80FF0BFF57FF43FCEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFAAFF81FF0BFF57FB9CF9B1.text	03CA87D8FFAAFF81FF0BFF57FB9CF9B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus latecostatus (Mollendorff 1882)	<div><p>Metalycaeus latecostatus (Möllendorff, 1882)</p><p>FIGUrE 47B.</p><p>Alycaeus Nipponensis (error, non Reinhardt, 1877) Gredler, 1881: 129. Alycaeus latecostatus — Möllendorff, 1882: 346, pl. 10, fig. 7.</p><p>Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) latecostatus — Möllendorff, 1886: 171.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) latecostatus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 148. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) latecostatus — Kobelt, 1902: 358.</p><p>Chamalycaeus latecostatus — Yen, 1939: 29 –30, pl. 2, fig. 34.</p><p>Chamalycaeus (Chamalycaeus) latecostatus — Zilch, 1957: 143, pl. 5, fig. 11.</p><p>Types examined. LECTOTypE SMF 39215, 2 paraLECTOTypEs SMF 39299, 8 paraLECTOTypEs SMF 39216, 2 paraLECTOTypEs SMF 39301, 3 paraLECTOTypEs SMF 39217, COLL. BOETTGEr, CHINa: LO-fOU-sCHaN (KwaNGTUNG), LEG. MöLLENdOrff, COLL. KObELT.</p><p>Museum material examined. SMF 192408 /4, CHINa: KaNTON, COLL. C. BOsCH Ex COLL. H. ROLLE; NHMUK 1891.3.17.789–190/2, LOfOUsHaN, LEG. HUNGErfOrd; NHMUK 20150486 /6, CaNTON, CHINa, LEG. MöLLENdOrff, COLL. GOdwIN-AUsTEN; NHMUK 20150486 /1, CaNTON, E.R. SykEs COLL., 1954 ; NHMW 40501/18, LO-fOU-sHaN, COLL. MöLLENdOrff; NHMW 71640/O/7353/2, LO-fOU-sHaN, COLL. ObErwImmEr Ex COLL. MöLLENdOrff.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH rarELy, rEGULarLy rIbbEd R1, sHOrT R2 HavING wIdELy-spaCEd, raTHEr bLUNT rIbs, mOdEraTE R3 aNd sLIGHT swELLING ON R3. PErIsTOmE CONspICUOUsLy THICkENEd aNd THE bOdy wHOrL Is sLIGHTLy aNGULaTE.</p><p>Description. SHELL (FIGUrE 47B) OCHrE; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, wITH apErTUrE rEGION ExpaNdEd ("TUba"-LIkE); spIrE ELEvaTEd, bOdy wHOrL sLIGHTLy aNGULaTEd; prOTOCONCH ELEvaTEd, CONsIsTING Of 1.5–1.75 wHOrLs, NEarLy smOOTH, THE LasT HaLf wHOrL wITH fINE spIraL LINEs; R1 rEGULarLy rIbbEd, wITH fINE spIraL LINEs ON THE fIrsT HaLf wHOrL Of R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CLEarLy vIsIbLE; R2 aNd R3 sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN a qUarTEr wHOrL LENGTH COmbINEd, R3 abOUT 1.5 TImEs LONGEr THaN R2; rIbbING ON R2 abOUT 3 TImEs as dENsE as IN R1; R2 wITH rELaTIvELy bLUNT, wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs; CrOss sECTION Of rIbs COULd NOT bE ExamINEd; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 sUddEN, INdICaTEd wITH a sLIGHT CONsTrICTION; R3 aLmOsT smOOTH Or wITH IrrEGULar GrOwTH LINEs; apErTUrE NEarLy rOUNdEd wITH sLIGHT UppEr INCIsION (rEsULTs IN a TEardrOp-sHapEd apErTUrE), bOUNdary Of TwO LIps UsUaLLy CLEarLy vIsIbLE; INNEr LIp THIN aNd prOTrUdING, OUTEr LIp sIGNIfICaNTLy wIdENEd bUT NOT rEfLECTEd, ExpaNsION mOsT CONspICUOUs IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 4.1–4.3, H = 2.8–2.9 (N = 2).</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE LECTOTypE was ExamINEd, wHICH Is GLOssy, Has NO ELEvaTEd LamELLa, bUT THE mULTIspIraL sUrfaCE Is CLEarLy vIsIbLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. NO NOTabLE INTraspECIfIC varIabILITy was fOUNd.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. MOsT pOpULaTIONs Of Metalycaeus heudei HavE LarGEr sHELLs THaN THOsE Of M. latecostatus . MOrEOvEr, M. heudei Has a swELLING ON R3, Has mOrE dENsELy rIbbEd R1 aNd pOssEssEs mOrE rOUNdEd wHOrLs. Metalycaeus oharai n. sp. Has mOrE rOUNdEd wHOrLs, LONGEr R2 aNd a rEfLECTEd pErIsTOmE. Metalycaeus muciferus Has mOrE bULGING wHOrLs THaN M. latecostatus . MOrEOvEr, spECImENs assIGNEd TO M. muciferus LaCk THE CONsTrICTION aT THE bOrdEr bETwEEN R2 aNd R3, aNd HavE sLImmEr pErIsTOmEs. SEE aLsO UNdEr M. rathouisianus aNd D. depressus .</p><p>Distribution. THIs spECIEs Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy ONLy (FIGUrE 56).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFAAFF81FF0BFF57FB9CF9B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFAAFF8CFF0BF961FAEDF850.text	03CA87D8FFAAFF8CFF0BF961FAEDF850.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus muciferus (Heude 1885)	<div><p>Metalycaeus muciferus (Heude, 1885)</p><p>FIGUrEs 58 –59, 60, 61.</p><p>Alycoeus muciferus Heude, 1885: 96, pl. 24, figs 1, 1a.</p><p>Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) muciferus — Möllendorff, 1886: 171. Alycaeus helicodes Gredler, 1887: 365, new synonym .</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) helicodes — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 148. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) muciferus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) helicodes — Kobelt, 1902: 356.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) muciferus — Kobelt, 1902: 359.</p><p>Chamalycaeus dolichodirus (sic!)— Yen, 1939: 30, pl. 2, fig. 37. Chamalycaeus (Chamalycaeus) dolichodirus (sic!)— Zilch, 1957: 142. Chamalycaeus helicodes — Zilch, 1974: 193, pl. 7, fig. 4.</p><p>Types examined. 7 syNTypEs (MCZ 167230) Of A. muciferus CHINa, 2 paraLECTOTypEs (SMF 192225) Of A. helicodes, TCHEN-k'EOU, CHINa, PE-sHaNG, HUNaN, LEG. FUCHs, COLL. GrEdLEr. ACCOrdING TO JOHNsON (1973) paraTypEs Of muciferus arE aLsO prEsENT IN THE NMNH (INv. NUmbEr: 472340). THEsE wErE NOT ExamINEd by Us. SEE aLsO REmarks.</p><p>Museum material examined. C SMF 39254/1 (fIGUrEd IN YEN 1939, pL. 2, fIG. 37, as " Chamalycaeus dolichodirus "), HaNG-yaNG, HUpEI, CHINa, LEG. FULTON, 1894, COLL. O. BOETTGEr; SMF 346399/1 (mIxEd sampLE wITH D. cristatus: SMF 39250), PaTUNG, HUpEI, CHINa, COLL. MöLLENdOrff; NHMUK 20150487/2 (TypICaL helicodes, LabELLEd as dolichodirus), CHaNGyaNG, E.R. SykEs COLL.</p><p>New material examined. HA/2, 2016/103 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, DONGaN XIaNG, apprOx. 2 km <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.09393&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.75685" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.09393/lat 31.75685)">sOUTH Of</a> DONGaN, arOUNd GUaNyINyaN, 1140 m, 31°45.411'N, 109°05.636'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 0 9 JUNE 2016 ; HA/1, 2016/109 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, HEyU XIaNG, 5 km NOrTH Of HEyU CUN, vICINITy <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.94012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.904766" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.94012/lat 31.904766)">Of</a> CUOjIkOU, 1260 m, 31°54.286'N, 108°56.407'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 12 JUNE 2016 ; HA/2, 2016/113 CHINa, CHONGqING, CHENGkOU XIaN, LONGTIaN XIaNG, NOrTHErN EdGE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.6654&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.020084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.6654/lat 32.020084)">Of</a> YOUfaNG, 32°01.205'N, 108°39.924'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 13 JUNE 2016 ; HA/4, 2015/48 CHINa, SICHUaN, CHENGdU SHI, DUjIaNGyaN SHI, QINGCHENGHOUsHaN, UNdEr BaIzHaNG BrIdGE, 1220 m, 30°56.088'N, 103°28.818'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 0 5 JUNE 2015, HNHM 99729 /1 (fIGUrEd sHELL); PGB/ 1 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.38874&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.578857" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.38874/lat 29.578857)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20070714B CHINa, SICHUaN, EmEIsHaN SHI, EsHaN ZHEN, EmEIsHaN, BaILONGdONG, 821 m, 29°34.73141'N, 103°23.32436'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 14 JULy 2007 ; JUO/1, OK/1, 20090306A CHINa, GUIzHOU, HUaNGpING XIaN, FEIyUNdaxIaGU, 803 m, 26°55.116'N, 108°01.787'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 6 Mar 2009; HA/2, 2011/15 CHINa, YUNNaN, WENsHaN ZHUaNGzU MIaOzU ZIzHIzHOU, XICHOU XIaN, XINGjIE ZHEN, DadONG 3 km TOwards BaTaNG, LaOLONG, 1195 m, 23°16.067'N, 104°32.215'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 22 Mar 2011; OK/2, 20060110G CHINa, GUaNGxI, NapO XIaN, POHE XIaNG, NaCHI, 913 m, 23°16.45981'N, 105°58.97426'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 JaN 2006; HA/8, 3 jUvENILE/brOkEN sHELLs, HNHM 99711 /1, 2013/7 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, NaNdaN XIaN, CLIffs SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.602936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.069384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.602936/lat 25.069384)">Of</a> EN CUN, 630 m, 25°04.163'N, 107°36.176'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 11 SEp 2013 ; PGB/1 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.99983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.38194" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.99983/lat 23.38194)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OkUbO), 20060110E CHINa, GUaNGxI, NapO XIaN, LONGHE XIaNG, INNEr LONGHE, 990 m, 23°22.91642'N, 105°59.98975'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 JaN 2006 ; HE/1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.1722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.149933" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.1722/lat 23.149933)">Vn</a> 11-141 VIETNam, Hà GIaNG PrOvINCE, km 105.5 ON rOad 4C, bETwEEN YêN MINH aNd ĐồNG VăN (NE Of Hà GIaNG TOwN), 23°08.996'N, 105°10.332'E, LEG . CH. HEmmEN, 21 Mar 2011; JUO/4, PGB/1 ( Ex COLL. J.U. OTaNI), 20081113 B VIETNam, Ha GIaNG PrOvINCE, VI XUGEN DIsTrICT , HUNG Ba COmmUNE, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.06973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.867733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.06973/lat 22.867733)">Nam</a> PIa VILLaGE, 216 m, 22°52.064'N, 105°04.184'E, LEG. K. OHara &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 13 NOv 2008 .</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL TO mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH vEry sHOrT R2 aNd R3, R2 HavING TypICaL Metalycaeus - TypE rIbs aNd R3 LaCkING swELLING.</p><p>Description of typical muciferus . SHELL (FIGUrE 58A) wHITE; sHELL OUTLINE sLIGHTLy OvaL frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd, EdGE Of bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH (FIGUrEs 61C–D) CONspICUOUsLy ELEvaTEd frOm dOrsaL sUrfaCE, CONsIsTING Of 1.75 wHOrLs (N = 2), raTHEr maTTE, ITs ENd wITH INCONspICUOUs spIraL sTrIaTIONs; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5–1.75 wHOrLs, wITH IrrEGULar, wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs aNd fINE spIraL sCULpTUrE; rIbs sLIGHTLy bECOmING mOrE wIdELyspaCEd TOwards ENd Of R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 NOT CONspICUOUs; R2 wITH dENsE, sHarp, ELEvaTEd rIbs (FIGUrEs 60E–F); CrOss sECTION Of rIbs Of TypICaL muciferus COULd NOT bE ExamINEd (bUT sEE rEmarks); LENGTH Of R2 aNd R3 vEry sLIGHTLy mOrE THaN a qUarTEr wHOrL COmbINEd (apprOxImaTELy 100 dEGrEEs); R2 LONGEr THaN R3; TraNsITION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3 raTHEr smOOTH, NO CONsTrICTION vIsIbLE; R3 wITH fEw wIdELy-spaCEd wrINkLEs, apErTUrE aLmOsT ExaCTLy rOUNdEd; OUTEr LIp vEry HIGH aNd sHarp, sIGNIfICaNTLy ExpaNdEd aNd sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd; INNEr LIp sLIGHTLy THICkENEd, NOT CONspICUOUs; bOUNdary bETwEEN TwO LIps HardLy vIsIbLE.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.3–5.3, H = 2.1–3.4 (N = 18, spECImENs frOm dIffErENT LOCaLITIEs). SEE aLsO TabLE 5.</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm Of THE TypE sErIEs Of muciferus aNd helicodes wErE COvErEd by mUd. UNdEr THE mUd, HOwEvEr, aN ELEvaTEd, mULTIspIraL, wrINkLEd LamELLa was vIsIbLE. BOTH sIdEs Of THE OpErCULUm Of sampLE 20081113 B wErE ExamINEd. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE sHOwEd mULTIspIraL CHaraCTEr wITHOUT ELEvaTEd LamELLa; THE INNEr sIdE Had a vEry smaLL, LOw CENTraL NIppLE sITTING ON THE TOp Of a GradUaLLy ELEvaTEd "HILL".</p><p>Variation in specimens. Metalycaeus muciferus Is a vEry varIabLE spECIEs IN sHELL sIzE, sHELL sCULpTUrE aNd COLOUr. TabLE 5 COmpILEs THE varIabLE TraITs aNd THEIr CHaraCTEr sTaTEs IN ExamINEd pOpULaTIONs.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus muciferus CaN bE dIsTINGUIsHEd frOm OTHEr Metalycaeus spECIEs ON THE basIs Of THE sHOrT R2, aNd THE aLsO sHOrT R3, wHICH LaCks a swELLING IN ITs mIddLE. SEE UNdEr Dicharax bison n. sp., Metalycaeus heudei, M. laosensis n. sp., M. oharai n. sp. aNd M. latecostatus .</p><p>Distribution. SHELLs assIGNEd TO THIs spECIEs wErE COLLECTEd frOm mULTIpLE CHINEsE prOvINCEs (YUNNaN, GUaNGxI, HUNaN, HUbEI, SICHUaN, CHONGqING, GUIzHOU) aNd NOrTHErN VIETNam (FIGUrE 57).</p><p>Remarks. TypICaL Metalycaeus muciferus (FIGUrE 58A) aNd M. helicodes (FIGUrE 59B) spECImENs aGrEE IN THE fOLLOwING TraITs: bOTH R2 aNd R3 arE vEry sHOrT; THErE Is NO rECOGNIsabLE CONsTrICTION aT THE bOrdEr Of THE TwO rEGIONs; THE rIbs ON R2 arE wIdELy-spaCEd aNd sHarp; pErIsTOmE rELaTIvELy THIN (aLTHOUGH sOmETImEs ExpaNdEd). WE ExamINEd a NUmbEr Of NEwLy COLLECTEd CHINEsE sampLEs, wHICH aGrEE wITH M. muciferus aNd M. helicodes IN THE abOvE mENTIONEd TraITs, aLTHOUGH sHOw dIffErENCEs IN TErms Of spIrE HEIGHT, sCULpTUrE Of R1 aNd sIzE (sEE TabLE 5 aNd FIGUrEs 58 –59). NEarLy EvEry sINGLE pOpULaTION wE ExamINEd Has CHaraCTErIsTIC fEaTUrEs, wHICH aLLOws dIsTINGUIsHING IT frOm OTHErs. THEsE dIffErENCEs arE raTHEr mINOr. MOrEOvEr, THEsE sampLEs arE smaLL aNd maINLy CONTaIN wEaTHErEd sHELLs wITHOUT OpErCULa. THErEfOrE wE dO NOT fINd IT rEasONabLE TO dEsCrIbE THEm fOrmaLLy. INsTEad, UNTIL mOrE maTErIaL bECOmEs avaILabLE, wE LIsT aLL THEsE sampLEs aNd HaNdLE THEm UNdEr a sINGLE NamE ( Metalycaeus muciferus).</p><p>AdOLf ZILCH brOUGHT TwO spECImENs frOm GrEdLEr's COLLECTION (BOzEN = BOLzaNO) TO THE SENCkENbErG MUsEUm. HE mENTIONEd THaT THE LECTOTypE rEmaINEd IN BOLzaNO (ZILCH 1974), THErEfOrE THE spECImENs IN THE SENCkENbErG MUsEUm arE paraLECTOTypEs (FIGUrE 59B).</p><p>THE CrOss sECTION Of R2 was ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN Of THE pOpULaTION 2015/48 (FIGUrE 61D). ANTErIOr pLaTE raTHEr sTraIGHT, HOLLOw, IT Has a LOw, bUT sHarp rIb; pOsTErIOr CrUsT sTrONG, ONLy sLIGHTLy LOwEr THaN THE aNTErIOr ONE; THE mICrOTUNNEL Has a TEardrOp-sHapEd CrOss sECTION, ITs dIamETEr Is CONspICUOUsLy LarGE IN rELaTION TO THE sIzE Of THE CrUsTs. THE aNTErIOr CrUsT Of TypICaL muciferus sHELLs Is HOLLOw. SEE aLsO rEmarks UNdEr Alycaeus dolichodeiros .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFAAFF8CFF0BF961FAEDF850	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FFA1FF89FF0BF8B7FD69F85E.text	03CA87D8FFA1FF89FF0BF8B7FD69F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus oharai Asami 2017	<div><p>Metalycaeus oharai Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 48C–F, 62A–B, 63C–D.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99712, PGB/1 paraTypE (bOTH spECImENs <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.36575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.759434" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.36575/lat 24.759434)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20111019 B CHINa, GUaNGxI, HUaNjIaNGmaONaNzU ZIzHIxIaN, DaCaI XIaNG, NONGmaOsHICHaNG, 201 m, 24°45.566'N, 108°21.945'E, LEG. T. IsHIbE, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 19 OCT 2011 ; OKA /1 paraTypE, PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20150220A CHINa, GUIzHOU, GUIyaNG SHI, XIfENG XIaN, YONGjING ZHEN, XIfENG XIaN, LEG. K. OkUbO 20 FEb 2015; OKA /1 paraTypE, PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex COLL. K. OHara), PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.26038&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.854733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.26038/lat 27.854733)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OkUbO), 20090310A CHINa, HUNaN, CHENxI XIaN, HUOma ZHEN, YaNzIdONG, 455 m, 27°51.284'N, 110°15.623'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 Mar 2009 ; PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.25069&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.86755" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.25069/lat 27.86755)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OkUbO), 20090310B CHINa, HUNaN, CHENxI XIaN, HUOma ZHEN, YaNzIdONG, bELOw raNGEr sTaTION, 158 m, 27°52.053'N, 110°15.041'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 10 Mar 2009 ; JUO/1 paraTypE, OKA /1 paraTypE, PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.5775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.456367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.5775/lat 26.456367)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OkUbO), 20090311A CHINa, HUNaN, JINGzHOU MIaOzU DONG ZUzIzHIxIaN, HENGjIaNGqIaO XIaNG, LONGfENGyaN, 357 m, 26°27.382'N, 109°34.650'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 11 Mar 2009 ; OK/1 paraTypE, 20090308A CHINa, GUIzHOU, TONGrEN SHI, YaNGTOU ZHEN, JIULONGdONG, 422 m, 27°42.527'N, 109°19.576'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 8 Mar 2009; PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.75626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.121433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.75626/lat 27.121433)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OkUbO), 20061015 A CHINa, GUIzHOU, XIfENG XIaN, YONGjING ZHEN, XUaNTIaNdONG, 1342 m, 27°07.286'N, 106°45.376'E, LEG. K. OkUbO 15 OCT 2006 ; JUO/10 paraTypEs, OKA /7 paraTypEs, PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), PGB/2 paraTypEs (Ex COLL. K. OHara), PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex. COLL. J.U. OTaNI), 20090307A CHINa, GUIzHOU, SHICHENG XIaN, GaNxI XIaNG, HUayaNdONG, NO GPS rECOrd, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 7 Mar 2009; JUO/4 paraTypEs, OKA /3 paraTypEs, PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.311386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0587" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.311386/lat 27.0587)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OkUbO), 20090307B CHINa, GUIzHOU, ZHENyUaN XIaN, WUyaNG ZHEN, SITE NO. 1, WUyaNGHE SCENIC DIsTrICT, 489 m, 27°03.522'N, 108°18.683'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 7 Mar 2009 ; JUO/1 paraTypE, OK/3 paraTypEs, PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.029785&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.9186" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.029785/lat 26.9186)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20090306A CHINa, GUIzHOU, HUaNGpING XIaN, FEIyUNdaxIaGU, 803 m, 26°55.116'N, 108°01.787'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 6 Mar 2009 ; HA/1 paraTypE, 2013/7 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, NaNdaN XIaN, CLIffs SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.602936&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.069384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.602936/lat 25.069384)">Of</a> EN CUN, 630 m, 25°04.163'N, 107°36.176'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 11 SEp 2013 ; HA/18 paraTypEs, 2013/6 CHINa, GUaNGxI, HECHI SHI, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.13078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.117416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.13078/lat 24.117416)">Bama</a> XIaN, CLIffs NEar JIaOLE CUN, 590 m, 24°7.045'N, 107°7.847'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 10 SEp 2013 ; PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), PGB/1 paraTypE (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.113625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.115452" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.113625/lat 24.115452)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20060715A CHINa, GUaNGxI, BamayaOzU ZIzHIxIaN, JIaOyUETIaNkENG, 285 m, 24°06.92707'N, 107°06.81754'E, LEG. Y. NakaHara, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 15 JULy 2006 ; PGB/2 paraTypEs (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.52425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.806232" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.52425/lat 23.806232)">Ex</a> COLL. K. OHara), 20111023 E CHINa, GUaNGxI, DaHUayaOzU ZIzHIxIaN, LImING XIaNG, HONGjUNyaN, 255 m, 23°48.374'N, 107°31.455'E, LEG. T. IsHIbE, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 23 OCT 2011 ; OK/1 paraTypE (wEaTHErEd sHELL), 20111023 F CHINa, GUaNGxI, PINGGUO XIaN, DUIwEI XIaNG, GUIyaN, 102 m, 23°41.580'N, 107°49.879'E, LEG. T. IsHIbE, K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 23 OCT 2011; HA/11 paraTypEs, 2013/27 CHINa, GUaNGxI, CHONGzUO SHI, LONGzHOU XIaN, WUdE XIaNG, CLIffs S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.76707&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.58085" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.76707/lat 22.58085)">Of</a> QUNHE CUN, 370 m, 22°34.851'N, 106°46.024'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI &amp; M. SzEkErEs, 24 SEp 2013 .</p><p>Additional material. SMF 39304/4, S. HUNaN, CHINa, COLL. MöLLENdOrff; SMF 201257 /5, CHINa, HUNaN, COLL. JaECkEL; SMF 39305/116 (mIxEd sampLE wITH Dicharax cristatus: SMF 346400), HUNaN, CHINa , COLL. MöLLENdOrff; SMF 50013/2, HUNaN, CHINa, COLL. MöLLENdOrff, SMF 39241/11; CHINa, HUNaN, COLL. NaEGELE; NHMUK 1891.3.17.781–783/3, CHINa, HUNaN, LEG. HUNGErfOrd; NHMUK 20150488 /4, HUNaN; NHMW 75000 /E/35976/3, CHINa, PrOvINz HUNaN, COLL. EdLaUEr Ex COLL. BLUmE; MNHN IM-2012-27034 /2, YUNaN (prObabLy ErrONEOUs LOCaLITy, IT COULd bE HUNaN), COLL. LETELLIEr; MNHN IM-2012-27033 /2, HUNaN, COLL. JOUssEaUmE; SMF 39244/6, CHINa, S. HUNaN, COLL. MöLLENdOrff; SMF 109788 /2, CHINa: HUNaN, COLL. K.L. PfEIffEr Ex COLL. JETsCHIN Ex COLL. MöLLENdOrff 1907 Ex COLL. ObErwImmEr ; NHMW 111544 /5, HUNaN; NHMW 71640 /O/11690/5, HUNaN, COLL. ObErwImmEr, Ex COLL. MUs. SENCkENbErG; NHMW 71770 /R/16/2, HUNaN, COLL. RUšNOv Ex COLL. BLUmE; NHMW 71640 /O/8090/5, HUNaN, COLL. OvErwImmEr Ex COLL. MöLLENdOrff; NHMUK 20150489 /3, HUNaN (?), CHINa, E.R. SykEs COLL. 1954.</p><p>Etymology. THIs NEw spECIEs Is dEdICaTEd TO aNd NamEd afTEr OUr frIENd, KENjI OHara, wHO prOvIdEd maNy sHELL spECImENs fOr THIs rEvIsION.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH vEry LONG R2 HavING TypICaL Metalycaeus -TypE rIbs, a bLUNT swELLING ON R3 aNd a rOUNdEd apErTUrE.</p><p>Description of the type series. SHELL (FIGUrE 62A) yELLOwIsH IvOry; spIrE ELEvaTEd, bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH (FIGUrE 63C–D) ELEvaTEd, CONsIsTING Of 1.5 wHOrLs, fINELy spIraLLy sTrIaTEd; THE fOLLOwING 1.75 wHOrLs rEGULarLy rIbbEd, rIbs sHarp aNd bECOmING sTrONGEr fOrward; R1 wITH CLEarLy vIsIbLE, fINE spIraL LINEs rEsULTING IN a rETICULaTEd sUrfaCE; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 smOOTH, rIbs ON R2 (FIGUrEs 48C–F) abOUT 2–3 TImEs mOrE dENsELy arraNGEd as IN R1, rIbs vEry sHarp aNd HIGH; CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of R2 was ExamINEd IN ONE spECImEN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy: aNTErIOr CrUsT fOrms a rELaTIvELy LOw, sHarp, HOLLOw rIb; aNTErIOr CrUsT fOLds OvEr THE mUCH wEakEr pOsTErIOr CrUsT wITH a sTrONGLy dEvELOpEd prOjECTION; pOsTErIOr CrUsT NOT, Or vEry sLIGHTLy HOLLOw; CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw Of mICrOTUNNEL HEmIspHErICaL, dIamETEr rELaTIvELy LarGE COmparEd wITH sIzEs Of CrUsTs; R2 aNd R3 sLIGHTLy LEss THaN a HaLf wHOrL COmbINEd; THEIr bOUNdary NOT CONspICUOUs; R2 aNd R3 sEparaTEd by a sLIGHT CONsTrICTION; R3 wITH a bLUNT swELLING IN THE mIddLE; R3 IrrEGULarLy rIbbEd, rIb dENsITy sImILar TO THaT THE ENd Of R1; apErTUrE rOUNdEd; OUTEr pErIsTOmE ExpaNdEd, sLIGHTLy rEfLECTEd, wITH sECONdary wIdENING IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs; INNEr LIp sIGNIfICaNTLy THICkENEd; bOUNdary bETwEEN TwO LIps vIsIbLE, bUT NOT CONspICUOUs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 4.1–5.2, H = 3.0–3.5 (N = 19).</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm was ExamINEd IN a sINGLE spECImEN (20111019 B); IT Is GLOssy, NO ELEvaTEd LamELLa Is vIsIbLE, bUT THE mULTIspIraL sTrUCTUrE Is CLEarLy rECOGNIsabLE. THE INNEr sUrfaCE COULd NOT bE ExamINEd.</p><p>Variation in specimens. CONsIdErING THE LarGE dIsTrIbUTIONaL arEa Of THIs spECIEs, THE varIabILITy bETwEEN pOpULaTIONs Is raTHEr LOw, aNd vIsIbLE mOsTLy IN THE spIrE HEIGHT aNd THE THICkNEss Of THE pErIsTOmE. SEE aLsO REmarks UNdEr M. rathouisianus .</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus oharai n. sp. dIffErs frOm M. heudei n. sp. by THE absENCE Of THE swELLING ON R3. Metalycaeus oharai n. sp. dIffErs frOm M. muciferus by THE LONGEr R2 aNd THE prEsENCE Of a CONsTrICTION aT THE bOrdEr Of R1 aNd R2. THE smaLLEr M. rathouisianus Has UsUaLLy a sHOrTEr R2, Has LEss rEfLECTEd OUTEr LIp aNd mOrE THICkENEd INNEr LIp. MOrEOvEr, THE rIbs ON R3 arE dENsEr IN M. rathouisianus . SEE aLsO UNdEr M. latecostatus aNd Dicharax dolichodeiros .</p><p>Distribution: Metalycaeus oharai n. sp. Is kNOwN frOm wEsTErN GUaNGxI, EasTErN GUIzHOU aNd wEsTErN HUNaN prOvINCEs (FIGUrE 57).</p><p>Remarks. SEE REmarks UNdEr M. rathouisianus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FFA1FF89FF0BF8B7FD69F85E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF9DFFB7FF0BFB01FA09FBA7.text	03CA87D8FF9DFFB7FF0BFB01FA09FBA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus Pilsbry 1900	<div><p>Metalycaeus (?) okuboi Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi, n. sp.</p><p>FIGUrEs 53A–B, 62C–D, 64, 65C–F.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTypE HNHM 99713, PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20050313A CHINa, YUNNaN, HONGHEHaNIzUyIzU ZIzHIzHOU, LUxI XIaN, ZHONGsHU ZHEN, ALUGUdONG, LEG. K. OkUbO, 13 Mar 2005; OK/1 paraTypE, PGB/1 paraTypE (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20060107A CHINa, YUNNaN, HONGHEHaNIzUyIzU ZIzHIzHOU, JIaNsHUI XIaN, YaNsHUIdONG, 1260 m, 23°38.16988'N, 103°03.10779'E, LEG. K. OHara, K. OkUbO &amp; J.U. OTaNI, 0 7 JaN 2006; HA/32 paraTypEs, 2011/25 CHINa, YUNNaN, HONGHE HaNIzU YIzU ZIzHIzHOU, JIaNsHUI XIaN, MIaNdIaN XIaNG, YaNzIdONG E 1.5 km, DaTIaNsHaN CUN N, ENvIrONmENT Of THE CavE, 1280 m, 23°37.796'N, 103°04.074'E, LEG. A. HUNyadI, 26 Mar 2011; PGB/2 paraTypEs (Ex COLL. K. OkUbO), 20050314A CHINa, YUNNaN, HONGHEHaNIzUyIzU ZIzHIzHOU, KaIyUaN SHI, NaNdONG FENGjINGOU, LEG. K. OkUbO, 14 Mar 2005.</p><p>Etymology. THIs NEw spECIEs Is NamEd afTEr OUr frIENd, KaNjI OkUbO, wHO prOvIdEd sHELL maTErIaL fOr THIs rEvIsION.</p><p>Diagnosis. A mEdIUm sIzEd spECIEs wITH LONG R2, mOdEraTE R3, bLUNT swELLING ON R3, aNd a THICkENEd pErIsTOmE. BOTH THE aNTErIOr aNd pOsTErIOr CrUsTs Of R2 arE sTrONGLy dEvELOpEd. THE rIbs Of THE aNTErIOr CrUsT, wHICH Is sTraIGHT IN mOsT Metalycaeus spECIEs, Is OrIENTEd IN aNTErIOr dIrECTION IN THIs spECIEs.</p><p>Description. THE ONLy spECImEN wITH ITs OrIGINaL COLOUr (HOLOTypE: FIGUrE 62C) Is yELLOwIsH IvOry; spIrE sLIGHTLy (20050313A, 20050314A, 20060107A) Or mOrE (2011/25) ELEvaTEd, sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; aLL ExamINEd spECImENs Had sOmEwHaT wEaTHErEd apICEs, THErEfOrE bOUNdary bETwEEN prOTOCONCH aNd TELEOCONCH COULd NOT bE sEEN; prOTOCONCH (FIGUrEs 53A–B) aNd R1 arE 3–3.25 (20050313A, N = 2), 3.25–3.5 (2011/25, N = 3), 3.25 (20050314A, N = 2) wHOrLs TOGETHEr; prOTOCONCH mOdEraTELy ELEvaTEd; spIraL LINEs vIsIbLE ON THE sUppOsEdLy LasT wHOrL Of THE prOTOCONCHs Of sampLEs 20050313A, 20050314A aNd 20060107A; R1 IrrEGULarLy rIbbEd, rIbs LOw bUT rELaTIvELy sHarp aT THE ENd Of R1; THErE arE sIGNs Of vEry wEak spIraL LINEs bETwEEN rIbs ON R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 CONspICUOUs bECaUsE rIbbING ON R2 mOrE dENsEr aNd IN mOsT spECImENs R2 sEEmINGLy bULGING; vIEwING frOm abOvE, R2 (FIGUrEs 64A–B) rIbs sEEmINGLy HavE a HOrIzONTaL, aNTErIOr prOjECTIONs, bUT IN faCT THOsE prOjECTIONs arE THE aNTErIOr CrUsTs; bOTH aNTErIOr aNd pOsTErIOr CrUsTs sTrONGLy dEvELOpEd (FIGUrEs 64C–D), aNTErIOr ONLy sLIGHTLy LarGEr THaN pOsTErIOr, aNd bOTH HOLLOw INsIdE; pOsTErIOr CrUsTs CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE fOrmING a wIdE, varIOUsLy sHapEd (rOUNdEd, qUadraNGULar Or TrIaNGULar) mICrOTUNNEL wITH waLL Of aNTErIOr CrUsT; aNTErIOr CrUsTs CUrvEd TOwards apErTUrE, ITs bECk NEarLy paraLLEL wITH sHELL waLL; R2 aNd R3 NEarLy rEaCHING 180 dEGrEEs TOGETHEr, R2 sOmEwHaT LONGEr THaN R3; R2 aNd R3 sEparaTEd by a LOw CONsTrICTION; R3 raTHEr IrrEGULarLy wrINkLEd; wrINkLEs apprOxImaTELy as dENsE as THOsE aT ENd Of R1; R3 wITH a bLUNT swELLING ON ITs mIddLE; apErTUrE rOUNdEd wITH sLIGHT UppEr INCIsION Or ELONGaTEd IN dOrsOvENTraL dIrECTION; INNEr LIp vEry sLIGHTLy THICkENEd, ExpaNdEd aNd prOTrUdING; OUTEr LIp mOrE ExpaNdEd, rELaTIvELy sHarp (EspECIaLLy IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs); bOUNdary bETwEEN TwO LIps NOT aLways CLEarLy vIsIbLE; TwO LIps sIGNIfICaNTLy THICkENEd IN pOpULaTION 20050314A; UmbILICUs NarrOw Or rELaTIvELy NarrOw.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 4.5–5.3, H = 3.4–3.9 (N = 4).</p><p>Operculum. TwO OpErCULa Of THE sampLE 20050313A wErE ExamINEd (FIGUrEs 65C–F). OpErCULUm ONLy sLIGHTLy CONCavE (NEarLy fLaT), THICk; ON THE OUTEr sIdE THErE Is a CLOsELy COILEd, HymEN-LIkE LOw LamELLa; INNEr sIdE NEarLy fLaT, wITH vEry sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd CENTraL NIppLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. SOmE varIabILITy Has bEEN fOUNd IN sHELL sIzE, spIrE HEIGHT aNd THE THICkNEss Of THE pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus okuboi n. sp. dIffErs frOm OTHEr Metalycaeus spECIEs (mOsT sImILar IN sHapE Is M. oharai n. sp.) by THE UNUsUaL sTrUCTUrE Of THE rIbs ON R2.</p><p>Dicharax robustus n. sp. LIvEs GEOGrapHICaLLy CLOsE TO M. okuboi n. sp. BEsIdEs LaCkING spIraL sTrUCTUrE ON THE wHOLE sHELL, IT maINLy dIffErs frOm M. okuboi n. sp. by THE mOrpHOLOGy Of THE rIbs aLONG THE TUbE. NamELy, D. robustus n. sp. Has a sTrONGLy dEvELOpEd, LarGE aNTErIOr CrUsT HavING T-sHapEd CrOss sECTIONaL vIEw, aNd vEry smaLL pOsTErIOr CrUsTs, wHICH fOrm NarrOw mICrOTUNNELs wITH THE waLLs Of THE aNTErIOr CrUsTs. IN CONTrasT, M. okuboi n. sp. Has bOTH CrUsTs dEvELOpEd NEarLy EqUaLLy, fOrmING a wIdE mICrOTUNNEL, aNd THE aNTErIOr CrUsT Is CUrvEd IN aNTErIOr dIrECTION.</p><p>Distribution. THIs NEw spECIEs Is kNOwN frOm THrEE LOCaLITIEs IN sOUTH-EasTErN YUNNaN PrOvINCE (FIGUrE 56).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF9DFFB7FF0BFB01FA09FBA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF9CFFB0FF0BFB6CFBCFF968.text	03CA87D8FF9CFFB0FF0BFB6CFBCFF968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus rathouisianus (Heude 1882)	<div><p>Metalycaeus rathouisianus (Heude, 1882)</p><p>FIGUrEs 55A–C, 63A–B, 65A–B.</p><p>Alycaeus rathouisianus Heude, 1882: 7, pl. 12, figs 12, 12a.</p><p>Alycaeus rathouisianus — Möllendorff, 1882: 345.</p><p>Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) rathouisianus — Möllendorff, 1886: 169. Alycaeus dolomiticus Heude, 1890: 130, pl. 38, fig. 1. n ew synonym. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) rathouisianus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) dolomiticus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 148. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) dolomiticus — Kobelt, 1902: 355.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) rathouisianus — Kobelt, 1902: 362.</p><p>Chamalycaeus rathouisianus — Yen, 1939: 30, pl. 2, fig. 36.</p><p>Chamalycaeus (Chamalycaeus) rathouisianus — Zilch, 1957: 145.</p><p>Types examined. 29 syNTypEs (MCZ 167209) Of A. dolomiticus CHINa, TCHEIN-kIaNG (KIaNG-sOU); 23 syNTypEs (MCZ 167143) Of A. rathousianus, CHINa, TsING-p'ON; 5 syNTypEs (SMF 39243) aNd 3 syNTypEs (SMF 39303) Of A. rathouisianus, SUNG-kIaNG: CHINa, COLL. MöLLENdOrff Ex COLL. HEUdE. ACCOrdING TO JOHNsON (1973) paraTypEs Of dolomiticus (INv. NUmbEr: 472335), aNd A. rathousianus (INv. NUmbEr: 472338) arE aLsO prEsENT IN THE NMNH. THEsE wErE NOT ExamINEd by Us.</p><p>Museum material examined. MCZ 180900 /10, CHINa, CHEkIaNG, PrOv . TUNG-LU, COLL. BryaN WaLkEr, Ex DavId D. THaaNUm, JaN. 1947 ; SMF 39242/6, CHINa, SHaNGHaI, COLL. MöLLENdOrff; SMF 109787 /2, CHINa, SHaNGHaI, LEG. SCHmaCkEr, COLL. K.L. PfEIffEr Ex COLL. JETsCHIN ; SMF 192409 /6, CHINa: KIaNGsU, COLL. C. BOsCH Ex COLL. H . ROLLE; SMF 39245/3, CHINa, PrOvINCE S. HUNaN, COLL. O. BOETTGEr Ex COLL. MöLLENdOrff ; NHMW 19622 /3, HILLs by SHaNGHaI, COLL. SCHmaCkEr, PETErsEN dON.; NHMW 75000 /E/37114/6, SHaNGHaI, COLL. EdLaUEr Ex COLL. BLUmE ; MCZ 384423 (1 sHELL; rEmOvEd frOm THE syNTypE LOT Of A. fargesianus = MCZ 167229, THaT OrIGINaLLy CONTaINEd 4 spECImENs), CHINa, TCHEN-k'EOU ; MCZ 384425 (1 sHELL; rEmOvEd frOm THE syNTypE sampLE Of A. sinensis = MCZ 167216, THaT OrIGINaLLy CONTaINEd 3 spECImENs), CHINa, TONG-LIEOU.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH sOmEwHaT ELEvaTEd spIrE, mOdEraTELy LONG R2 aNd R3, R3 wITH TypICaL Metalycaeus - TypE rIbs, R3 wITH bLUNT swELLING.</p><p>Description of the type series of rathouisianus . SHELL (FIGUrE 55A) dark IvOry Or bEIGE; prOTOCONCH brOwN Or sOmETImEs pINkIsH; sHELL OUTLINE rOUNdEd frOm dOrsaL vIEw, spIrE sOmEwHaT ELEvaTEd, bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; prOTOCONCH ELEvaTEd, CONsIsTING Of 1.25–1.5 wHOrLs (N = 3); LasT 0.75–1 wHOrL spIraLLy sTrIaTEd, prECEdING arEa raTHEr maTTE; R1 CONsIsTs Of 1.5–1.75 wHOrLs (N = 3), raTHEr IrrEGULarLy rIbbEd aNd rEGULarLy spIraLLy sTrIaTEd; spIraL aNd radIaL LINEs apprOxImaTELy Of THE samE sTrENGTH, rEsULTING IN a rETICULaTEd sCULpTUrE; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 NOT vEry CONspICUOUs bECaUsE THE dENsITy Of rIbs dOEs NOT CHaNGE mUCH, aLTHOUGH rIbs ON R2 mUCH mOrE rEGULar THaN ON R1, aNd sHarpEr ON R2; R2 wITH rELaTIvELy sHarp, wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs; CrOss sECTION Of THE rIbs COULd NOT bE ExamINEd, bUT prObabLy sImILar TO OTHEr Metalycaeus spECIEs HavING wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs; R2 aNd R3 apprOxImaTELy 90–110 dEGrEEs TOGETHEr, R2 bEING sOmEwHaT sHOrTEr; R2 IrrEGULarLy wrINkLEd; dENsITy Of wrINkLEs sImILar TO THaT Of THE ENd Of R1; spIraL sTrIaTION vIsIbLE ON bOTH R2 aNd R3; R3 wITH a bLUNT swELLING aT ITs mIddLE; R3 sEparaTEd frOm R2 by a mOdEraTE CONsTrICTION; apErTUrE rOUNdEd, INNEr LIp sLIGHTLy prOTrUdING, sOmEwHaT sHarp; OUTEr LIp sITUaTEd sOmE dIsTaNCE frOm INNEr LIp IN mOsT spECImENs (IN OTHErs THEy arE NOT sO dIsTaNT); OUTEr LIp sLIGHTLy ExpaNdEd aNd sHarp, ExCEpTIONaLLy sHarp IN THE dIrECTION Of THE UmbILICUs.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.7–3.9, H = 2.5–2.7 (N = 6, MCZ 167143).</p><p>Operculum. MOsT syNTypEs Of Alycaeus rathouisianus (MCZ 167143) pOssEssEd aN OpErCULUm. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Has a dENsELy COILEd, wrINkLEd LamELLa, wHICH Is UsUaLLy COvErEd by mUd. OfTEN THIs LamELLa Is ENTIrELy Or parTLy mIssING, THUs, THE GLOssy sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm bECOmEs vIsIbLE. MOsT syNTypEs Of Alycaeus dolomiticus aLsO Had OpErCULa. IN THaT sampLE, HOwEvEr, NONE Of THEm Had aN OUTEr LamELLa (FIGUrEs 65A–B), bUT aLL THE OUTEr sUrfaCEs Of OpErCULa wErE smOOTH, aNd THE mULTIspIraL CHaraCTEr was CLEarLy vIsIbLE. THE INNEr sUrfaCE was ExamINEd IN ONE OpErCULUm; IT was smOOTH, maTT, wITH a vEry LOw NIppLE IN THE mIddLE.</p><p>Variation in specimens. SOmE sLIGHT varIabILITy Is dETECTabLE IN TErms Of spIrE HEIGHT, sHELL sIzE aNd pErIsTOmE THICkNEss.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus latecostatus Has LEss bULGING wHOrLs, sTrONGEr pErIsTOmE aNd mOrE wIdELy spaCEd rIbs. SEE aLsO UNdEr M. oharai n. sp., M. sinensis aNd Dicharax dolichodeiros .</p><p>SOmE CONGENErIC JapaNEsE spECIEs ( M. hirasei, M. nipponensis aNd M. satsumanus) arE vEry sImILar TO M. rathouisianus . THErE arE sOmE mINOr dIffErENCEs bETwEEN M. rathouisianus aNd THOsE JapaNEsE spECIEs, IN THE sHELL sIzE, THE THICkNEss Of THE pErIsTOmE, THE HEIGHT Of THE spIrE Or THE ExTaNT Of THE CONsTrICTION ON R3, bUT THEsE dIffErENCEs COULd raTHEr bE ExpLaINEd by INTraspECIfIC dIffErENCEs. A fUTUrE rEvIsION sHOULd CLarIfy If M. rathouisianus aNd THE abOvE-mENTIONEd JapaNEsE Taxa rEaLLy rEprEsENT dIsTINCT spECIEs.</p><p>Distribution. ACCOrdING TO THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION Of A. dolomiticus, THE spECIEs was COLLECTEd NEar TCHENkIaNG (KIaNG-sOU). LaTEr, KObELT aNd MöLLENdOrff (1897) mENTIONEd THE spECIEs frOm KIaNGsI. KIaNG-sOU (= JIaNGsU PrOvINCE) aNd KIaNGsI (= JIaNGxI PrOvINCE) arE sITUaTEd IN IN TwO dIffErENT prOvINCEs, aNd IN THE prEsENT CasE JIaNGxI Is prObabLy ErrONEOUs.</p><p>Remarks. Alycaeus rathouisianus was dEsCrIbEd as a spECIEs THaT LaCks spIraL sTrIaE ON ITs sHELL. THIs CHaraCTEr was HIGHLIGHTEd aNd fIGUrEd as a dIffErENCE bETwEEN A. rathouisianus (LaCks sTrIaE) aNd A. sinensis (Has spIraL sTrIaE) (HEUdE 1882). THIs INfOrmaTION Is, HOwEvEr, NOT IN aGrEEmENT wITH THE TypE sErIEs, bECaUsE THE spIraL LINEs arE vIsIbLE EvEN ON THE wEaTHErEd syNTypEs Of A. rathouisianus . IN faCT, TwO Of THE THrEE syNTypEs Of A. sinensis pOssEss mUCH wEakEr spIraL LINEs THaN THE syNTypEs Of A. rathouisianus (sEE aLsO rEmarks UNdEr M. sinensis). ONE mIGHT THINk THaT THE syNTypEs aNd LabELs Of A. sinensis aNd A. rathouisianus HavE sImpLy bEEN mIxEd Up. THIs Is vEry UNLIkELy, bECaUsE THE sHELL sHapE Of THE syNTypEs Of A. sinensis maTCH wITH THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION ("dEprEssE OrbICULaTa"). THE samE Is TrUE TO THE syNTypEs Of A. rathouisianus ("dIsCOIdEO-CONICa"). THE rEasON fOr THE dIsCrEpaNCy rEmaINs ObsCUrE, aNd wE rELy ON THE sHELL spECImENs INsTEad Of THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION.</p><p>WE fOUNd NO NOTabLE dIffErENCEs bETwEEN THE TypE spECImENs Of A. rathouisianus (FIGUrE 55A) aNd A. dolomiticus (FIGUrE 55B) IN sHELL sHapE, sCULpTUrE, LENGTH Of THE dIffErENT rEGIONs, apErTUrE aNd pErIsTOmE mOrpHOLOGy, ETC. CONsEqUENTLy, THE LaTTEr Is a syNONyms Of A. rathouisianus .</p><p>IN mUsEUm COLLECTIONs (NHM, NHMW, SMF) sHELLs frOm "HUNaN" arE LabELLEd EITHEr Chamalycaeus rathousianus, Or C. rathousianus var. major . THE LaTTEr fOrm Is LarGEr, Has a LONG TUbE, wIdELy-spaCEd rIbs ON R3 (aLTHOUGH NOT aLways), aNd sTrONGLy ExpaNdEd pErIsTOmE, THUs, THEy arE TypICaL Metalycaeus oharai n. sp. sHELLs. THE sHELLs LabELLEd as Chamalycaeus rathousianus OfTEN HavE a sHOrTEr R2 aNd dENsEr R3 rIbs THaN TypICaL M. oharai frOm GUaNGxI aNd YUNNaN. As a CONsEqUENCE, sEEmINGLy THE HIsTOrICaL sampLEs frOm "HUNaN" sHOw TraNsITIONaL sHELL CHaraCTErs bETwEEN TypICaL M. rathouisianus aNd M. oharai n. sp. spECImENs IN sOmE sHELL CHaraCTErs. CONsIdErING THIs, wE prEfEr dIsTINGUIsHING M. oharai n. sp. frOm M. rathouisianus bECaUsE aLL M. oharai n. sp. sHELLs (INCLUdING THE HIsTOrICaL sampLEs frOm "HUNaN") pOssEss mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd R1 rIbs, LONGEr R2, sHarpEr (mOrE ELEvaTEd) aNd UsUaLLy mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd R2 rIbs, aNd a mOrE ExpaNdEd pErIsTOmE. WE rEfEr TO THE M. rathouisianus sHELLs frOm HUNaN as M. Cf. oharai, aNd dO NOT sELECT THEm TO bE paraTypEs. FUTUrE INvEsTIGaTION sHOULd fOCUs ON THE prEsENTLy kNOwN raNGE Of M. oharai n. sp. aNd M. rathouisianus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF9CFFB0FF0BFB6CFBCFF968	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF9BFFB1FF0BF92CFB9CFBA7.text	03CA87D8FF9BFFB1FF0BF92CFB9CFBA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus sinensis (Heude 1882)	<div><p>Metalycaeus sinensis (Heude, 1882)</p><p>FIGUrE 55D.</p><p>Alycaeus sinensis Heude, 1882: 7, pl. 12, figs 13, 13a.</p><p>Alycaeus sinensis — Möllendorff, 1882: 345.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) sinensis — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) sinensis — Kobelt, 1902: 363.</p><p>Types examined. 3 syNTypEs MCZ 167216, CHINa, TONG-LIEOU. ONE Of THE syNTypEs Is a sUbadULT M. rathouisianus (MCZ 384425). THErEfOrE, TO avOId fUTUrE mIsUNdErsTaNdINGs, THE mOsT wELL-prEsErvEd sHELL Is sELECTEd TO bE THE LECTOTypE (MCZ 167216). THE paraLECTOTypE Is rEGIsTErEd wITH THE INvENTOry NUmbEr MCZ 384424.</p><p>Museum material examined. NHMW 111545 /4, HUNaN.</p><p>Diagnosis. A smaLL spECIEs wITH LOw spIrE, mOdEraTELy LONG R2 aNd R3, R3 wITH TypICaL Metalycaeus -TypE rIbs, R3 wITH bLUNT swELLING.</p><p>Description. ONLy ONE spECImEN (FIGUrE 55D) Had ITs OrIGINaL COLOUr, wHICH was yELLOwIsH-COrNEOUs; spIrE vEry sLIGHTLy ELEvaTEd, sHELL aLmOsT fLaT, bOdy wHOrL rOUNdEd; bOTH ExamINEd spECImENs Had sOmEwHaT wEaTHErEd apICEs, THErEfOrE bOUNdary bETwEEN THE prOTOCONCH aNd TELEOCONCH COULd NOT bE sEEN; prOTOCONCH aNd R1 arE ExaCTLy Or vEry sLIGHTLy LEss THaN 3 wHOrLs TOGETHEr; prOTOCONCH rELaTIvELy LOw, wITH vEry fINE maTTE sUrfaCE aNd barELy vIsIbLE spIraL LINEs; R1 wITH raTHEr rEGULar rIbs aNd mUCH wEakEr spIraL LINEs bETwEEN; rIbs bECOmE mOrE wIdELy-spaCEd TOwards THE ENd Of R1; TraNsITION bETwEEN R1 aNd R2 NOT CONspICUOUs, rIbs ON R2 ONLy vEry sLIGHTLy dENsEr THaN ON prECEdING arEa Of R1; R3 wITH sLIGHT, bLUNT swELLING aT ITs mIddLE; R2 wITH rELaTIvELy LOw, wIdELyspaCEd rIbs, bUT avaILabLE sHELLs wErE aLL wEaTHErEd; CrOss sECTION Of rIbs COULd NOT bE ExamINEd; R2 sEparaTEd frOm R3 by a mOdEraTE CONsTrICTION; R2 aNd R3 arE apprOx. 100 dEGrEEs TOGETHEr, R2 sLIGHTLy sHOrTEr THaN R3; R3 IrrEGULarLy wrINkLEd, wrINkLEs dENsEr THaN rIbs ON R2; apErTUrE rOUNdEd; INNEr LIp vEry sLIGHTLy THICkENEd aNd prOTrUdING; OUTEr LIp vEry sLIGHTLy ExpaNdEd, sHarp IN dIrECTION Of UmbILICUs; bOUNdary bETwEEN TwO LIps NOT CONspICUOUs, bUT vIsIbLE.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 3.1–3.2, H = 1.8 (N = 2, LECTOTypE + paraLECTOTypE).</p><p>Operculum. THE OUTEr sIdE Of THE OpErCULUm Of THE LECTOTypE was ExamINEd; IT Is mULTIspIraL, THIN, wITHOUT ELEvaTEd LamELLa.</p><p>Variation in specimens. THE fEw avaILabLE sHELLs rEvEaLEd NO NOTabLE varIabILITy.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Metalycaeus sinensis Is smaLLEr THaN M. rathouisianus, IT Has a LOwEr spIrE, mOrE OvaL sHELL ( M. rathouisianus Is mOrE rOUNdEd), aNd Has wEakEr spIraL sTrIaE. Chamalycaeus sinensis Is smaLLEr aNd fLaTTEr THaN THE CONGENErIC JapaNEsE spECIEs ( M. hirasei, M. nipponensis, M. satsumanus). SEE aLsO UNdEr Dicharax dolichodeiros .</p><p>Distribution. THIs spECIEs Is kNOwN frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy ONLy (FIGUrE 56).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF9BFFB1FF0BF92CFB9CFBA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF9AFFB1FF0BFB6CFE04F9D9.text	03CA87D8FF9AFFB1FF0BFB6CFE04F9D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus Pilsbry 1900	<div><p>Metalycaeus sp.</p><p>Chamalycaeus nanus (partim, see remarks under D. nanus)— Jaeckel, 1950: 19.</p><p>Remarks. THE THrEE sHELLs Of " Chamalycaeus nanus " mENTIONEd by JaECkEL (1950) bELONGEd TO THrEE dIffErENT spECIEs. DUE TO THE wEaTHErEd sTaTE Of THE sHELLs, THE IdENTIfICaTION was pOssIbLE IN ONLy ONE CasE ( M. heudei, sEE UNdEr THaT spECIEs). THE sECONd sHELL (SMF 201255) was TOO wEaTHErEd fOr aNy dETErmINaTION. THE THIrd sHELL (SMF 346402) Had aN ELEvaTEd prOTOCONCH wITHOUT vIsIbLE sCULpTUrE, bUT ON THE R1 THE spIraL LINEs COULd bE sEEN. R2 Of THaT sHELL LaCkEd THE swELLING, wHICH ExCLUdEs IT frOm M. heudei . THE sHELL was mUCH smaLLEr THaN aNy M. oharai n. sp. spECImENs wE HavE ExamINEd. THErEfOrE, ONE Of JaECkEL's sHELL pOssIbLy rEprEsENTs aN UNdEsCrIbEd Metalycaeus spECIEs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF9AFFB1FF0BFB6CFE04F9D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF9AFFBEFF0BF97FFA88FE53.text	03CA87D8FF9AFFBEFF0BF97FFA88FE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus Pilsbry 1900	<div><p>Metalycaeus (?) elevatus (Heude, 1886)</p><p>FIGUrE 69I.</p><p>Alycaeus elevatus Heude, 1886: 210 .</p><p>Alycaeus elevatus — Heude, 1890: 129, pl. 36, fig. 19.</p><p>Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) elevatus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 148. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) elevatus — Kobelt, 1902: 355.</p><p>Types. NO TypE spECImENs wErE rEpOrTEd by JOHNsON (1973).</p><p>Type locality. "TCHEN-k'EOU".</p><p>Original description. "TEsTa dIsCOIdEO-TrOCHOIdEa, LaTE UmbILICaTa, spIra apICULaTa, aNfraCTIbUs qUaTUOr, LENTE aCCrEsCENTIbUs, sUTUra sUbsCaLarI jUNCTIs, ULTImO LONGE CONsTrICTO, TUbO sUTUraLI brEvIssImO sECUNdUm dIamETrUm, sEU sECUNdI aNfraCTIbUs aeqUaNTE; apErTUrE ObLIqUa, pErIsTOmaTE dILaTaTO, rEpaNdO, vIx rEfLExIsCULO.—OpErCULO? – DIam. 5; aLTIT. 4 mILLIm."</p><p>Remarks. THIs spECIEs Is CHaraCTErIzEd by aN ELEvaTEd spIrE, sHOrT R2 aNd wIdE apErTUrE. THE drawING aNd THE dEsCrIpTION Of A. elevatus Is sImILar TO Metalycaeus muciferus dUE TO THE sHOrT R2, THE R3 wITHOUT swELLING, aNd THE LaCk Of THE CONsTrICTION bETwEEN R2 aNd R3. THErEfOrE, IT prObabLy bELONGs TO THE GENUs Metalycaeus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF9AFFBEFF0BF97FFA88FE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF95FFBEFF0BFDC0FE84FC62.text	03CA87D8FF95FFBEFF0BFDC0FE84FC62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chamalycaeus Mollendorff 1897	<div><p>" Chamalycaeus " expansus (Heude, 1890)</p><p>FIGUrE 69L.</p><p>Alycaeus expansus Heude, 1890: 129, pl. 38, fig. 2</p><p>Types. NO TypE spECImENs wErE rEpOrTEd by JOHNsON (1973).</p><p>Type locality. "TCHEN-k'EOU".</p><p>Original description. "TEsTa dIsCOIdEO-TrOCHOIdEa, LaTE UmbILICaTa; spIra apICULaTa, aNfraCTIbUs qUaTUOr, sUTUra ImprEssa jUNCTIs, ULTImO CELErITEr aCCrETO, sTrIIs vaLIdIs sCULpTO, TUbO sUTUraLI LONGIssImO, pENULTImUm dIamETrUm aeqUaNTE; apErTUrE ObLIqUa, pErIsTOmaTE dUpLICI, pOsTICO ErECTO, dILaTaTO.—DIam.: 6; aLTIT.: 4 mILLIm."</p><p>Remarks. THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION aNd drawING Is INsUffICIENT TO INfEr THE GENErIC assIGNmENT Of Alycaeus expansus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF95FFBEFF0BFDC0FE84FC62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF95FFBEFF0BFC31FB16F974.text	03CA87D8FF95FFBEFF0BFC31FB16F974.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus Pilsbry 1900	<div><p>Metalycaeus (?) libonensis (Chen, Li &amp; Luo 2003)</p><p>Chamalycaeus libonensis Chen, Li &amp; Luo, 2003: 619 –620, figs 1–3.</p><p>Type locality. " FENG DONG, LIbO COUNTy (25° 4'N, 107°8'E), GUIzHOU PrOvINCE, CHINa ".</p><p>Diagnosis. A LarGE spECIEs wITH LONG R2, sHOrT R3, dEEp CONsTrICTION aNd CONspICUOUs swELLING ON R3, vEry CLOsE TO THE pErIsTOmE.</p><p>Original description. "SHELL smaLL, sLIGHTLy THICk, sUbdEprEssEd, sEmITraNsparENT, CONE. WHOrLs 3½-4½, mOdEraTELy CONvEx, spIrE HIGH, HIGH-CONOId, aNd THE prOTOCONCH aNd sECONd GENEraLLy smOOTH, sUTUrE dEEp. SHELLs yELLOwIsH brOwN, sUrfaCE wITH vEry fINELy aNd sOmEwHaT dIsTINCT dENsE ObLIqUELy COarsELy rIb sTrIaTEd, aNd wITH 2.25 mm prOjECTION as wOrm-fOrmEd aT THE sUTUrE Of THE bOdy wHOrL. ApErTUrE ELLIpTICaL, wITH a NECk, aNd wITH sEmI-aNNULar swELLING ON THE NECk. OpErCULUm CIrCULar, sINk, INNEr sUrfaCE Has a papULE-fOrmEd prOjECTION. UmbILICUs wIdE, dEEp, CavE-sHapEd, dIam. Of UmbILICUs 2.15 mm, raTIO Of UmbILICUs dIamETEr TO sHELL dIamETEr 0.26."</p><p>Measurements (in mm). D = 5.9–6.6, H = 4–5 (aCCOrdING TO THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. SEE UNdEr M. heudei .</p><p>Remarks. WE HavE NOT ExamINEd spECImENs Of M. libonensis; THE dIaGNOsIs aNd THE dIffErENTIaL dIaGNOsIs arE basEd ON THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION. THIs spECIEs Is TENTaTIvELy CLassIfIEd IN Metalycaeus bECaUsE ITs sImILarITy wITH M. heudei, aLTHOUGH THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION dId NOT mENTION spIraL sTrIaTION ON THE prOTOCONCH.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF95FFBEFF0BFC31FB16F974	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF95FFBCFF0BF91EFDA6FDE8.text	03CA87D8FF95FFBCFF0BF91EFDA6FDE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax (?) neglectus (Heude, 1885)</p><p>FIGUrE 69K.</p><p>Alycoeus neglectus Heude, 1885: 96, pl. 24, fig. 4.</p><p>Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) neglectus — Möllendorff, 1886: 170. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) neglectus — Kobelt &amp; Möllendorff, 1897: 149. Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) neglectus — Kobelt, 1902: 360.</p><p>Type locality. "ad rUpEsTrEs COLLEs CIvITaTIs KIEN-Té, prOvINCIae NGaN-HOUé LEGEram".</p><p>Original description. "TEsTa parva, OrbICULarI-dIsCOIdEa, aLba, sTrIIs mINUTIs dOTaTa; sUTUra sCaLarI sUb- ImprEssa; pErIsTOmaTE dUpLICI, NON vaLdE INCrassaTO; OpErCULO papILLIs sqUaLIdIs ExTUs HIrsUTO. DIam. maj.: 6; mIN.: 4; aLT.: 5 mILLIm".</p><p>Remarks. ACCOrdING TO JOHNsON (1973) paraTypEs Of A. neglectus arE prEsENT IN TwO mUsEUms, MCZ (INv. NUmbEr: 167222) aNd NMNH (INv. NUmbEr: 472336). WE ExamINEd THE fOrmEr sampLE, bUT THE LOCaLITy dId NOT maTCH (" CHINa, TONG-LIEOU"). CONsEqUENTLy, THEy arE NOT TypE spECImENs. THIs was rECOGNIzEd by prEvIOUs rEsEarCHErs, bECaUsE THErE wErE HaNd-wrITTEN LabELs wITH THE fOLLOwING TExT: "NOT TypEs, ONLy HOLOTypE IN HEUdE's COLL.".</p><p>THE OrIGINaL drawING Of HEUdE (1885) sHOws a spECImEN wITH a LOw prOTOCONCH, THErEfOrE Alycaeus neglectus Is pUTaTIvELy CLassIfIEd IN Dicharax .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF95FFBCFF0BF91EFDA6FDE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF97FFBCFF0BFDACFF70FB65.text	03CA87D8FF97FFBCFF0BFDACFF70FB65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chamalycaeus Mollendorff 1897	<div><p>" Chamalycaeus " panshiensis Chen, 1989</p><p>Chamalycaeus panshiensis Chen, 1989: 157 –159.</p><p>Type locality. "HONGN-aN fOrEsTry CENTrE, PaNsHI COUNTy (43°15'N, 126°10'E), JILIN PrOvINCE, CHINa ".</p><p>Original description. " SHELL smaLL, THIN sUbdEprEssEd, sEmITraNsparENT. WHOrLs 4–4½, mOdEraTELy CONvExspIrE LOw, CONCId, THE LasT NarrOwLy rOUNdEd pErIpHEraLLy, aNd dEEpLy dEsCENdING IN frONT, wITH dEEp sUTUrE, NEarLy LUsTErLEss ExCEpT THE prOTOCONCH aNd sECONd, sUrfaCE vEry fINELy aNd sOmEwHaT rEGULarLy rIb-sTrIaTEd axIaLLy, aNd THE prOTOCONCH aNd sECONd wITH LUsTrE, GENEraLLy smOOTH, aNd wITH a prOjECTION as wOrmfOrm aT THE sUTUrE Of bOdy wHOrLs. SHELLs yELLOwIsH brOwN Or HOrN-yELLOwIsH brOwN. UmbILICUs wIdE, rEGULarLy wIdENING, sHOwING THE EarLIEr wHOrLs INsIdE; ApErTarE CIrCULar, THICk, wITH TwO LOps, aNd sOmEwHaT ExpaNdEd aNd rEfLECTEd. OpErCULUm CIrCULar, sINk, bUT THE INNEr sUrfaCE Has a papULE-fOrm prOjECTION. RadULa wITH 1 CENTraL TOOTH, 1 LaTEraL aNd 2 marGINaL TEETH, ExCEpT THE marGINaL TEETH, THE CENTraL aNd LaTEraL TEETH wITH ECTOCONEs, bUT THE marGINaL TOOTH wITH a HOOk."</p><p>Remarks. THE dEsCrIpTION aNd THE OrIGINaL fIGUrEs arE INsUffICIENT TO dECIdE THE GENErIC pLaCEmENT Of THIs spECIEs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF97FFBCFF0BFDACFF70FB65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF97FFBDFF0BFB2DFB8EFEE3.text	03CA87D8FF97FFBDFF0BFB2DFB8EFEE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicharax Kobelt & Mollendorff 1900	<div><p>Dicharax (?) tangmaiensis (Chen &amp; Zhang, 2001)</p><p>Chamalycaeus tangmaiensis Chen &amp; Zhang, 2001: 184 –185, 188–189, figs 1–4.</p><p>Type locality. "TONGmaI TOwN, (30°01'N, 95°E), BOmI COUNTy, TIbET AUTONOmOUs REGION, CHINa ".</p><p>Original description. " SHELL smaLL, THICk, sUbdEprEssEd, sEmITraNparENT. WHOrLs 3½, mOdEraTELy CONvEx, spIrE LOw, CONOId, aNd THE prOTOCONCH aNd sECONd wITH LUsTrE, GENEraLLy smOOTH. SHELLs yELLOwIsH brOwN IN COLOUr, sUrfaCE wITH vEry fINELy aNd sOmEwHaT rEGULarLy rIb-sTrIaE, sUTUrE dEEp, aNd wITH a 0.56 mm prOjECTION as wOrmfOrmEd aT THE sUTUrE Of THE bOdy wHOrLs. UmbILICUs wIdE, rEGULarLy wIdENING, sHOwING THE EarLIEr wHOrLs INsIdE. ApErTUrE CIrCULar, THICk, wITH wavE-fOrmEd LOps, aNd a NECk. OpErCULUm CIrCULar, sINk, INNEr sUrfaCE Has a papULEfOrmEd prOjECTION."</p><p>Remarks. THIs spECIEs Is prOvIsIONaLLy pLaCEd IN THE GENUs Dicharax bECaUsE THE prOTOCONCH Is LOw, aNd THE rIbs ON R2 arE sEEmINGLy NOT sHarp.</p><p>IN THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION Chamalycaeus tangmaiensis was COmparEd ONLy wITH Chamalycaeus diminutus, wHICH Is vEry dIffErENT by bEING mUCH smaLLEr, HavING a rOUNdEd pErIsTOmE aNd LaCkING a sHarp swELLING ON R3. FUrTHErmOrE, IT was OrIGINaLLy dEsCrIbEd aT LEasT 1300 km frOm THE TypE LOCaLITy Of Chamalycaeus tangmaiensis . WE wErE NOT abLE TO ExamINE Chamalycaeus tangmaiensis, bUT THE ILLUsTraTIONs IN THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION prOvIdE ENOUGH EvIdENCE THaT IT dIffErs frOm aLL OTHEr CHINEsE ALyCaEIdaE . ON THE OTHEr HaNd, THErE arE a NUmbEr Of NOrTH- EasTErN INdIaN aNd BUrmEsE spECIEs, wHICH aGrEE wITH D. tangmaiensis IN THE fLaT sHELL, THE sTrONGLy CrENULaTEd pErIsTOmE aNd THE swELLING ON R3 sITUaTEd vEry CLOsE TO THE pErIsTOmE: Alycaeus crenatus GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1871 (TypE LOCaLITy: "ON BUrraIL RaNGE, N. CaCHar, aT abOUT 5000 fEET"); Alycaeus cucullatus THEObaLd, 1870 (TypE LOCaLITy: " SHaN STaTEs"); Alycaeus daflaensis GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1876 (TypE LOCaLITy: "TOrúpúTú PEak, 7000 fEET"); Alycaeus digitatus BLaNfOrd, 1871 (TypE LOCaLITy: "apUd DarjEELING IN vaLLO RUNGNO fLUmINIs HImaLayae SIkkImENsIs"); Alycaeus ochraceus GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1893 (TypE LOCaLITy: "RUby MINEs DIsTrICT, UppEr BUrmaH"); Alycaeus plectocheilus BENsON, 1859 (TypE LOCaLITy: "IN vaLLE RUNGUN"). FUTUrE INvEsTIGaTION sHOULd fOCUs ON THE dIsTINCTNEss Of Chamalycaeus tangmaiensis frOm THE abOvE-mENTIONEd spECIEs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF97FFBDFF0BFB2DFB8EFEE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
03CA87D8FF96FFBDFF0BFEAFFADCFC1A.text	03CA87D8FF96FFBDFF0BFEAFFADCFC1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metalycaeus Pilsbry 1900	<div><p>Metalycaeus (?) zayuensis (Zhang, Chen &amp; Zhou, 2008)</p><p>Chamalycaeus zayuensis Zhang, Chen &amp; Zhou, 2008: 745, figs 1–4.</p><p>Type locality. "TasHaN TOwN, ZayU COUNTy (28°04'N 97°E), TIbET AUTONOmOUs REGION, CHINa ".</p><p>Original description. " SHELL smaLL, THIN, sUbdEprEssEd, sEmITraNsparENT. WHOrLs 3½–4, mOdEraTELy CONvEx, spIrE LOw, CONOId, THE bOdy wHOrL dEsCENdING IN frONT. SHELL sUrfaCE yELLOwIsH brOwN IN COLOUr, THE bOdy wHOrL aNd THE pENULTImaTE wHOrL wITH fINELy aNd sOmEwHaT rEGULarLy rIb-sTrIaE, bUT THE prOTOCONCH aNd THE sECONd wHOrL wITHOUT rIb-sTrIaE, GENEraLLy smOOTH, LUsTEr. ApEx bLUNT, sUTUrE dEEp. THE bOdy wHOrL wITH a 0.86 mm LONG wOrmfOrm prOjECTION aT THE sUTUrE 1.42 mm frOm THE apErTUrE. ApErTUrE CIrCULar, THICk, aNd sOmEwHaT ExpaNdEd aNd rEfLECTEd, wITH a NECk. OpErCULUm CIrCULar, sINk, wITH a papULE-fOrm prOjECTION IN THE INNEr sUrfaCE. UmbILICUs wIdE, rEGULarLy wIdENING. RadULa wITH 1 CENTraL TOOTH, 1 LaTEraL aNd 1 marGINaL TOOTH. THE CENTraL TOOTH wITH 5 CUsps, LaTEraL TOOTH wITH 3–4 CUsps, marGINaL TOOTH wITH 4 CUsps."</p><p>Remarks. WE Had NO pOssIbILITy TO ExamINE THE TypE spECImENs. THE pHOTOs aNd THE dEsCrIpTION Of THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION wErE INsUffICIENT fOr THE dECIsION abOUT THE spECIEs' GENErIC assIGNmENT. ZHOUxING aNd WECHUaN (2015) pUbLIsHEd pHOTOs Of Chamalycaeus zayuensis, wHICH arE sImILar TO THE pHOTOs IN THE OrIGINaL dEsCrIpTION, bUT arE Of bETTEr qUaLITy. SpIraL sTrIaTION ON R1 aNd sHarp, wIdELy spaCEd rIbs ON R2 arE vIsIbLE ON THE pHOTO Of ZHOUxING aNd WECHUaN (2015). BasEd ON THEsE, Chamalycaeus zayuensis Is TENTaTIvELy CLassIfIEd IN THE GENUs Metalycaeus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D8FF96FFBDFF0BFEAFFADCFC1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Asami, Takahiro	Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1
