taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C887E40100FFC1FDAEFA19FAE37BE7.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Hornschuchia bryotrophe Nees.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40100FFC1FDAEFA19FAE37BE7.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Mosenodendron insigne R. E. Fr.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40100FFC1FDAEFA19FAE37BE7.taxon	description	Description Trees to shrubs. Leaves chartaceous to coriaceous with primary vein impressed adaxially. Inflorescence 1 - flowered or 2 – 22 - flowered; axillary, supra-axillary, terminal or cauliflorous, i. e., ramiflory, trunciflory, flagelliflory. Flowers white, rarely pinkish, trimerous; three sepals and six petals in two whorls; calyx with sepals completely connate, rarely connate at the base; corolla with linear petals; stamens 3 – 18; carpels 2 – 9. Fruit with 1 – 5 monocarps, monocarps obovate, globose, ellipsoid, obloid, fusiform; stipe 1.5 – 9 mm long, subsessile to sessile. Seed 1 – 8, globose, obovoid, obloid-ellipsoid, ellipsoid, flattened-ellipsoid, with aril, rarely without aril. Hornschuchia is recognized by its small and white flowers, with linear petals and cupuliform calyx. It is similar to Trigynaea and Bocagea; however, the petals in these two genera are ovate, elliptic or lanceolate (Johnson & Murray 1995).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40106FFC4FDE6FECEFE1C7D48.taxon	description	Fig. 1	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40106FFC4FDE6FECEFE1C7D48.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • “ Cabo Frio, Ponta de lʼEst au Cap Frio, Prov. Rio de Janeiro ”; A. Saint-Hilaire 366; holotype: P [P 032535]!; isotypes: MPU [MPU 026907]!, S [S-R- 7077]! (fragment). Material examined BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • “ Armação dos Búzios, Praia Brava. Mata de Encosta Sul voltada para o costão da Praia Brava ”; 24 May 2001; C. Farney 4371; RB [RB 00451923]!, SPF! • “ Costão para João Fernandes. Mata de encosta Praia Brava- Costão para João Fernandes ”; [22 ° 44 ′ 38.5 ″ S, 41 ° 52 ′ 17.8 ″ W]; 23 Aug. 2001; C. Farney 4397; RB [RB 00452010]!, SPF! • “ Encosta da Praia Brava ”; 22 ° 44 ′ 92 ″ S, 41 ° 52 ′ 40 ″ W; 18 Feb. 2004; H. G. Dantas 620; RB [RB 00086462]! • ibid.; 22 ° 44 ′ 92 ″ S, 41 ° 52 ′ 40 ″ W; 18 Feb. 2004; H. G. Dantas 156; RB [RB 00086467]! • “ Rancho Dez ”; Jun. 1997; C. Farney s. n.; RB [RB 00372099]! • “ Fazenda Caravelas ”; alt. 80 m; 20 Oct. 1999; C. Farney 3930; SPF!, RB [00452151]! • “ Estrada Cabo Frio- Búzios, entre a Serra das Esmerencias e a Praia de José Gonçalves ”; [22 ° 48 ′ 32.8 ″ S, 41 ° 56 ′ 37.8 ″ W]; 5 Jun. 1998; J. M. A. Braga 4871; RB [RB 00042085]! • “ Fazenda of José Gonçalves ”; 22 ° 47 ′ S, 41 ° 57 ′ W; alt. 120 m; 8 Feb. 1999; P. J. Maas 8818; NY [NY 02699049]!, RB [RB 00042092]!, SPF! • “ Estrada antiga para Búzios, próximo ao centrinho, ramal da lixeira ”; 28 Jun. 1995; D. Araújo 10320; RB [RB 00417332]! • “ Cabo Frio, Morro da Piaçava ”; 9 Oct. 2002; C. Farney 4487; SPF!, RB [RB 00451944]! • “ Morro do Mico ”; [22 ° 51 ′ 45.4 ″ S, 42 ° 00 ′ 38.5 ″ W]; 22 Jun. 2002; C. Farney 4463; RB [RB 00451806]!, SPF! • 27 Aug. 1997; C. Farney 3587; CEPEC [CEPEC 00118741]!, MBM [MBM 325079]!, R [RB 00043047]!, SPF!. – Locality unknown • “ E Brasilia ”; Freyreis s. n.; S n. v.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40106FFC4FDE6FECEFE1C7D48.taxon	description	Description Shrubs, rarely treelets, 2 – 7 m tall. Leaves chartaceous; petiole 1 – 3 mm long; lamina 3.8 – 9.3 × 1.9 – 4.9 cm, narrowly ovate to ovate or lanceolate, both surfaces glabrous, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate to acute, obtuse or rounded; primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 6 – 12 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 50 – 60 °. Inflorescence one-flowered; supra-axillary, terminal or leaf-opposed, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 1 – 7 mm long; flower buds conical to cylindrical with obtuse apex, 2 – 8 × 1 – 3 mm, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 2 × 2 – 3 mm, densely covered in trichomes. Petals linear, white, 11 – 14 mm long, covered in trichomes; stamens 6, ca 2 × 0.5 mm; carpels 3, ca 3 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 2, immature monocarps fusiform, 4 – 9 × 3 mm, densely covered in trichomes, mature monocarps obovate, ca 2 cm long (Saint-Hilaire 1825); stipe ca 1.5 mm long, calyx persistent. Seed ca 6 mm long, ellipsoid, reddish, with fleshy aril (Saint-Hilaire 1825).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40106FFC4FDE6FECEFE1C7D48.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia alba is endemic to Rio de Janeiro State. It is known from only two municipalities, Armação de Búzios and Cabo Frio, occurring in seasonal semideciduous lowland forest (Mello-Silva et al. 2021; Fig. 1).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40106FFC4FDE6FECEFE1C7D48.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from February to October, fruiting from September to October.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40106FFC4FDE6FECEFE1C7D48.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status Critically Endangered, CR B 1 ab (i, ii, iii) (Amaro 2016). At the time of the last revision of the genus (Johnson & Murray 1995), only two historical collections of H. alba, including the type, were available. The species was only known with certainty from Cabo Frio. Nowadays there are eight localities, in Armação de Búzios and Cabo Frio, where the species is known to occur. However, H. alba has not been collected in 18 years.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40106FFC4FDE6FECEFE1C7D48.taxon	discussion	Notes Johnson & Murray (1995) indicated the holotype as Saint-Hilaire 99. However, this collection number has been assigned to a species of Amaranthaceae Juss. The holotype of Bocagea alba is in fact Saint-Hilaire 366 (Saint-Hilaire’s field notebooks are available at http: // hvsh. cria. org. br / works). There are only immature fruits available (Farney 3930 and 4487), the fruit and seed descriptions have been complemented with the information in Saint-Hilaire (1825). With the new collections of H. alba, the description of the species has been updated (Johnson & Murray 1995) with new information about the habit and plant size, inflorescence position and flower dimension. Hornschuchia alba has a single-flowered inflorescence, supra-axillary, terminal or leaf-opposed. It is similar to the specimens of H. myrtillus with this type of inflorescence. However, H. alba is different from H. myrtillus in the leaves that are narrowly ovate to ovate or lanceolate (vs narrowly elliptic to elliptic, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, obovate or rarely lanceolate) and the pedicel 1 – 7 mm long (vs 10 – 28 mm long).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40104FFC8FD8AFE43FBF17DF9.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 2	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40104FFC8FD8AFE43FBF17DF9.taxon	description	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Ilhéus ”, “ Strasse des Capitains Filisberto ” [via Felisbertia]; Dec. 1816; M. A. P. zu Wied s. n. (34, Nees von Esenbeck nr. 34); holotype: BR [BR 0000006593025]!; isotypes: BR [BR 0000006593353]!, M [M 0240081]!, MEL [MEL 2123975]!, NY [NY 00008358]!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40104FFC8FD8AFE43FBF17DF9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Vittoria ”; F. Sellow s. n.; holotype: B [B 10 0243155]!. Selected material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Gandú, Estrada a Itamari ”; [13 ° 43 ′ 24.9 ″ S, 39 ° 35 ′ 13.3 ″ W]; 22 Dec. 1970; T. S. Santos 1168; CEPEC [CEPEC 00006203]!, NY [NY 00395782]! • “ Guaratinga, ca 2.5 Km na estrada Itabela-Guaratinga, saindo da BR- 101. Entrada em estrada de terra à direita, no sentido Itabela-Guaratinga ”; 16 ° 33 ′ 48.2 ″ S, 39 ° 45 ′ 09.5 ″ W; alt. 145 m; 24 Jan. 2009; M. Groppo et al. 1808; SPF! • “ Ibicaraí, Rodovia BR- 415, 40 km Oeste de Itabuna. Região de Mata Higrográfila Sul Baiana ”; [14 ° 51 ′ 27.7 ″ S, 39 ° 31 ′ 09.8 ″ W]; alt. 300 m; S. A. Mori s. n. et al.; RB [RB 00042146]! • “ Ilhéus ”; Jan. 1837; B. Luschnath s. n.; BR [BR 0000006592691]! • “ Castelnovo ” [Castelo Novo]; [14 ° 38 ′ 34.6 ″ S, 39 ° 12 ′ 28.0 ″ W]; Riedel 711; M [M 0240082]! • “ Ipiaú, Rodovia Ipiaú-Ibirataia ”; [14 ° 06 ′ 21.4 ″ S, 39 ° 40 ′ 39.8 ″ W]; 13 Nov. 1971; T. S. Santos 2133; CEPEC [CEPEC 00008059]!, NY [NY 00395783]! • “ Itamaraju, Assentamento Pedra Bonita, aproximadamente 20 Km da rodovia vicinal de Itamaraju sentido Jucuruçu ”; 16 ° 50 ′ 19 ″ S, 39 ° 37 ′ 53 ″ W; alt. 500 m; 13 Feb. 2007; R. A. X. Borges 769; CEPEC [CEPEC 00116346]! • “ Maraú, Rod. BR 030, trecho Ubaitaba / Marau, km 15. Vegetação perturbada em Região de Mata Hidrográfica Sul baiana. Folha SD 24 (14 - 39 c) ”; [14 ° 15 ′ 29.0 ″ S, 39 ° 12 ′ 28.0 ″ W]; S. A. Mori s. n. et al.; RB [RB 00042161]! • “ Una, Reserva Biológica de Una; REBIO de Una, Entrada no km 46 da rodovia BA 001 Ilhéus-Una ”; [15 ° 06 ′ 34.5 ″ S, 39 ° 00 ′ 11.5 ″ W]; 23 Jan. 2006; J. L. Paixão 661 et al.; RB [RB 00495855]! • “ São Felipe, Recôncavo Sul, Serra da Capioba ”; 12 ° 47 ′ 05.7 ″ S, 39 ° 04 ′ 06.7 ″ W; 1956; R. P. Lôrdelo 56 - 333; ALCB [ALCB 004360]!. – Espírito Santo • “ Águia Branca, Rochedo, Trilha do Córrego, proprietário Ailton Corteleti ”; 18 º 57 ′ 21 ″ S, 40 º 48 ′ 5 ″ W; alt. 300 – 400 m; 19 Dec. 2007; V. Demuner et al. 4816; MBML [MBML 032572]! • “ Águas Claras, Escola Agroecológica ”; 18 º 53 ′ 32 ″ S, 40 º 43 ′ 48 ″ W; alt. 300 – 500 m; 1 Feb. 2006; L. F. S. Magnago et al. 531; MBML [MBML 027865]!, SPF! • “ Aracruz, Aldeia Candeias ”; [19 ° 46 ′ 38.6 ″ S, 40 ° 12 ′ 02.8 ″ W]; 26 Mar. 1997; M. A. de Assis et al. 903; SPF! • “ Comboios ”; [19 ° 44 ′ 40.1 ″ S, 40 ° 00 ′ 00.7 ″ W]; 27 Jul. 1992; O. J. Pereira 3692; VIES [VIES 008830]! • “ Picuã ”; [19 ° 50 ′ 31.4 ″ S 40 ° 19 ′ 58.0 ″ W]; 4 Jun. 2011; C. L. Dalmonech et al. 50; MBML [MBML 044614]! • “ Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas Localidade de Duas Bocas, Trilha do Pescador ”; 20 ° 16 ′ 44 ″ S, 40 ° 28 ′ 42 ″ W; alt. 135 m; 20 Oct. 2008; P. H. Labiak et al. 5000; CEPEC [CEPEC 00129318]!, MBM [MBML 037745]!, RB [RB 00544259]! • “ Guarapari, estrada ES- 477, que liga a BR- 101 à rodovia do Sol (ES- 060), Ca de 6 km da BR 101, Mata ao lado da estrada, entrada pela Fazenda Bonanza ”; 20 ° 31 ′ 48 ″ S, 40 ° 25 ′ 12 ″ W; alt. 30 – 50 m; 17 Feb. 1999; R. Mello-Silva et al. 1596; CEPEC [CEPEC 00083584]!, MBM [MBM 235550]!, NY [NY 01145439]!, NY [NY 01145438]!, RB [RB 00042129]!, RB [RB 00042117]!, SPF! • “ Linhares ” (Jaguaré *), “ Barra Seca, Fazenda São Carlos, propriedade do Sr. Aleixo Barnabé, ca 1.4 km E da BR 101 ”; [18 ° 59 ′ 09.8 ″ S, 39 ° 59 ′ 24.4 ″ W]; 20 Feb. 1995; J. R. Pirani et al. 3579; RB [RB 00042105]!, SPF!, VIES [VIES 037620]! • “ Reserva Natural da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce ”; 19.0069 ° S, 40.1661 ° W; 2 Mar. 2010; A. Q. Lobão 1532; SPF!, SAMES [SAMES 00216]!, VIES [VIES 024740]! • “ Marilândia, Estrada não pavimentada para São Rafael. Mata de encosta, ao lado direito da estrada ”; 19 ° 24 ′ 42.5 ″ S, 40 ° 28 ′ 34.2 ″ W; alt. 200 m; 19 Jan. 2011; P. Fiaschi et al. 3478; MBML [MBML 042352]!, RB [RB 00681608]!, SPF! • “ Montanha, Fazenda Luis Siqueira - distrito da Penha ”; 18 ° 8 ′ 45.14 ″ S, 40 ° 19 ′ 1.8 ″ W; alt. 140 m; 15 Nov. 2012; A. M. Assis et al. 3515; MBML [MBML 047032]! • (Governador Lindenberg *) Fazenda São Jorge, 18 km from church in Bananal on paved road from Bananal to Novo Brazil, behind house; [19 ° 14 ′ 29.8 ″ S, 40 ° 26 ′ 41.7 ″ W]; 21 Apr 1995; J. A. Kallunki et al. 707; NY [NY 00227611]!, SPF! • “ Santa Leopoldina, Bragança, Rancho Chapadão, proprietário: João Emilio ”; 20 ° 7 ′ 22.8 ″ S, 40 ° 32 ′ 46.8 ″ W; alt. 280 – 550 m; 30 Mar. 2006; V. Demuner et al. 2101; MBML [MBML 026395]!, SPF! • “ Sooretama, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama. Porção Oeste, trilha do Barro Roxo. Floresta de Tabuleiro ”; [19 ° 01 ′ 29.2 ″ S, 40 ° 08 ′ 05.4 ″ W]; 18 Jan. 2010; A. Q. Lobão et al. 1542; SAMES [SAMES 00217]! • “ Vitória, Junção BR- 101 / ES- 060, Rod. para Praia do Sol, 6 Km BR- 101, 3 Km ES- 060 ”; [20 ° 31 ′ 19.0 ″ S, 40 ° 23 ′ 25.2 ″ W]; 31 Jul. 1991; D. M. Johnson et al. 1847; CEPEC [CEPEC 00064494]!, SPF!. – Minas Gerais • “ Serra do Cipó. Serra do Cipó ”; [19 ° 20 ′ 32.6 ″ S 43 ° 35 ′ 54.1 ″ W]; 16 Jan. 1951; J. G Kuhlmann et al. s. n.; RB [RB 00042164]!. – Pernambuco • “ Ipojuca, Engenho de Conceição Velha, Mata das Três Passagens, à direita da PE- 60, em direção a Barreiras, após a tubulação que cruza a estrada para a Usina Ipojuca ”; [8 ° 23 ′ 31.7 ″ S, 35 ° 05 ′ 26.3 ″ W]; 9 Dec. 1997; S. Tavares et al. 51; NY [NY 01017923]!. – Rio de Janeiro • “ Rio de Janeiro ”; J. G. Kuhlmann s. n.; RB [RB 00042140]! • “ Taunay, Morro de mata baixa ”; [22 ° 57 ′ 31.6 ″ S, 43 ° 16 ′ 37.8 ″ W]; 27 Feb. 1951; G. A. Black et al. 51 - 11753; IAN [IAN 069581]! • “ Estrada do Tanguá, perto de Rio Bonito. Rio Bonito ” (Cachoeiras de Macacu *); [22 ° 39 ′ 37.5 ″ S, 42 ° 45 ′ 10.7 ″ W]; 26 Feb. 1951; J. G Kuhlmann et al. s. n.; RB [RB 00042134]!, RB [RB 150900]!, US [US 01346584]! • “ Cultivada no Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro ”; RB [RB 00042137]!. – Locality unknown • C. F. P. von Martius, Herb. Fl. Bras. n. 858; M [M 0240084]!. Additional material examined BRAZIL • V. Demuner 3220; MBML [MBML 09241]!, SPF! • V. Demuner 4412; MBML [MBML 032022]!, SPF! • J. H. L. El Ottra 131; SPF! • D. A. Folli 1699; SPF! • 2917; RB [RB 00484637]!, SPF! • C. N. Fraga 2480; CEPEC [CEPEC 00130062]!, MBML [MBML 038885]!, RB [RB 00557920]! • F. S. Gomes 1539; ALCB [ALCB 049674]! • E. Guimarães 182; RB [RB 00042094]! • J. G. Jardim 262; NY [NY 00395787]! • J. G. Jardim 623; CEPEC [CEPEC 00064214]!; J. G. Jardim 8852; RB [RB 00852603]!, SPF! • J. A. Kallunki 589; K [K 001191170]!, NY [NY 00395780]!, SPF! • J. A. Kallunki 696; NY [NY 00227526]!, SPF! • J. G. Kuhlmann s. n.; NY [NY 00395784]! • J. C. Lopes 111; SPF! • J. C. Lopes 151; SPF! • P. J. M. Maas 8829; MBML [MBML 009585]!, NY [NY 02699059]!, RB [RB 00484639]! • P. J. M. Maas 9811; NY [NY 02699058]!, SPF! • L. F. S. Magnago 489; MBML [MBML 030986]! • L. F. S. Magnago 1646; MBML [MBML 027722]!, SPF! • R. Mello-Silva 1174; NY [NY NY 00395781]!, NY [NY 00395777]!, RB [RB 00042117]!, SPF! • R. Mello-Silva 3141; SPF! • R. F. Monteiro 329; RB [RB 00516860]!, SPF! • S. A. Mori 9292; CEPEC [CEPEC 00013256]! • S. A. Mori 9368; NY [NY 00395785]! • S. A. Mori 11348; CEPEC [CEPEC 00015681]!, NY [NY 00395786]! • O. J. Pereira 4019; VIES [VIES 008836]! • O. J. Pereira 2472; VIES [VIES 006348]! • J. R. Pirani 3074; K [K 001191168]!, K [K 001191167]!, MBM [MBM 181229]!, NY [NY 00395778]!, SPF! • Without collectorʼs information; RB [RB 00042137]! • C. Rocini 7; SPF! • L. A. M. Silva 1555; CEPEC [CEPEC 00029042]! • W. W. Thomas 3720; CEPEC [CEPEC 00090940]!, NY [NY 00684336]! • W. W. Thomas 10742; CEPEC [CEPEC 00064423]!, MBM [MBM 187065]!, NY [NY 00095141]! • W. W. Thomas 11069; CEPEC [CEPEC 00069957]! • W. W. Thomas 12654; CEPEC [CEPEC 00091555]!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40104FFC8FD8AFE43FBF17DF9.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 0.5 – 5 m tall. Leaves chartaceous; petiole 0.5 – 7 mm long; lamina 5.6 – 35 × 1.9 – 9.5 cm, narrowly oblong to elliptic, narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, both surfaces glabrous, base asymmetric, acute to obtuse, apex acuminate to acute, obtuse or rarely emarginate; primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 6 – 22 pairs of secondary veins, commissural veins evident on both sides, impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, angles between primary and secondary veins 50 – 60 °. Inflorescence 6 – 22 - flowered; flagelliflorous, inflorescence branched into axes 12 – 60 cm long, running near the soil, rarely trunciflorous, ramiflorous or terminal inflorescence; bracts persistent, 5.5 – 9 (– 13) × (1 –) 1.5 – 3 (– 3.5) mm. Flowers with pedicel 1 – 40 mm long; flower buds 1 – 12 × 1 – 3 mm, conical to ellipsoid, densely covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 1 – 4 × 1 – 6 mm, glabrescent. Petals linear, white, rarely pinkish, 11 – 19 mm long, densely covered in trichomes at the base and glabrous to glabrescent towards the apex; stamens 6, 3 – 6 × 0.5 mm; carpels 3, 4 – 9 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1 – 3, fusiform, 1.3 – 7 × 0.1 – 0.9 cm, glabrous, green in vivo; stipe 3 – 5 mm long, calyx caducous. Seeds 2 – 6, oblong-ellipsoid, 11 – 20 × 3.5 – 6 mm, brownish, rugose, with aril. Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia bryotrophe has the widest distribution, occurring from the States of Pernambuco, Bahia, Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro (Fig. 1). The species has been collected only once in Pernambuco State, close to the coast in the Atlantic Forest (Bazante & Alves 2021, Tavares et al. 51; NY [NY 01017923]). There is a single collection that has been made in Serra do Cipó, Cerrado biome (Mello-Silva et al. 2012). However, this is the only record in the whole genus outside the Atlantic Forest and it is possible that this was a mistake in the label annotation (Mello-Silva et al. 2012, Kuhlmann et al. s. n.; RB [RB 00042164]!). Hornschuchia bryotrophe occurs mainly in moist forest, but also in seasonal semideciduous forest (Fig. 1). In Bahia, it inhabits lowland tropical moist forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008) that occurs near the coast up to 70 km inland (Mori & Silva 1979). In Espírito Santo, it occurs in the northern portion of the state, in tabuleiro (ʻtablelandʼ) forest, a seasonal semideciduous forest (Peixoto et al. 2008).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40104FFC8FD8AFE43FBF17DF9.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from January to December and fruiting from December to July.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40104FFC8FD8AFE43FBF17DF9.taxon	conservation	Conservation status Least Concern (BGCI & IUCN 2019).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40104FFC8FD8AFE43FBF17DF9.taxon	discussion	Notes There are two type collections of Hornschuchia bryotrophe at BR, for one of them, the holotype, Nees von Esenbeck annotated the number 34 ([BR 0000006593025], Moraes et al. 2016), the same annotation is also on the isotypes at the M and MEL herbaria. The type localities of both H. bryotrophe and H. myrtillus, “ Strasse des Capitains Filisberto ”, known as via Felisbertia, was a road linking Ilhéus with Minas Gerais whose construction was ordered and paid for by Marechal Felisberto Caldeira Brant (Moraes et al. 2016). The work of Gallagher & Moraes (2014) explains how the specimens collected by Wied in Brazil, such as the type collections of H. bryotrophe and H. myrtillus, arrived in an Australian herbarium, MEL. Hornschuchia bryotrophe is one of the species with cauliflory. The development of cauliflory begins in the axil of the leaf. However, it remains active even after the abscission of the spent inflorescence branch due to the presence of dormant buds that repeatedly produce new inflorescences (Endress 2010). Cauliflory is classified into different types: (i) ramiflory refers to the inflorescence emerging in leafless portions of the branch; (ii) trunciflory to inflorescences borne on the main trunk; (iii) basiflory to inflorescences produced at the base of the trunk that could either be sessile or on perennial brachyblasts (Mildbraed 1922). In basiflory, the flower axis may elongate, which is called idiocladanthy (Mildbraed 1922). In cases in which the flower-bearing axis in idiocladanthy further elongates, allowing the inflorescence branches to reach the soil and grow along the ground, the term flagelliflory is applied (Mildbraed 1922). In such cases, the inflorescence emerges from the base of the trunk in long compound branches close to the soil. In H. bryotrophe, three types of cauliflory have been observed: flagelliflory, ramiflory and trunciflory. However, the term flagelliflory is also adopted for flowers or inflorescences that are exposed from the canopy of the tree in long rope-like branches associated with bat pollination (Weberling 1989: 233 – 234). Hornschuchia bryotrophe is distinct from the other species of the genus by its leaves with an evident commissural vein (Fig. 2 B). Hornschuchia bryotrophe, H. polyantha and H. myrtillus present flagelliflory (Fig. 2 A). Nevertheless, in addition to the leaves, H. bryotrophe also differs from these species by the conical flower buds with acute apex (Fig. 2 B) (vs cylindrical with obtuse apex).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40108FFC9FDFFFDF0FE017E9A.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40108FFC9FDFFFDF0FE017E9A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • (Aurelino Leal *) “ Km 5 a 15 da BR- 101, ao sul de Ubaitaba ”; [14 ° 20 ′ 26.8 ″ S, 39 ° 19 ′ 07.2 ″ W]; 18 Nov. 1971; T. S. Santos 2193; holotype: CEPEC [CEPEC 00008090]!; isotype: NY [NY 00008359]!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Camamu, Fazenda Exílio, entrada no km 10.7 da BA 650 Camamú-Travessão, ca 2 km L da sede da fazenda ”; 14 ° 0 ′ 7 ″ S, 39 ° 10 ′ 7 ″ W; 21 Feb. 2000; J. G. Jardim 2716; ALCB [ALCB 004361]!, CEPEC [CEPEC 00088387]!, HUEFS [HUEFS 062877]!, SPF! • “ Dom Macedo Costa, Fazenda Limeira ”; 12 ° 54 ′ 35 ″ S, 39 ° 9 ′ 10 ″ W; 18 Oct. 2015; G. Costa 1515; ALCB [ALCB 030994]! • “ Itacaré, Entre Taboquinhas e Itacaré. BA- 654. Interior de mata à beira da estrada ”; [14 ° 16 ′ 55.2 ″ S, 38 ° 59 ′ 47.3 ″ W]; 1 Jan. 1988; M. Sobral 5749; CEPEC [CEPEC 00044273]!, ECT [ECT 0003694]!, ICN [ICN 00027827]!, NY [NY 00395774]!, SPF! • “ Ubaitaba, Trecho da BR 101 Ubaitaba ao Porto Santo Antonio ao Sul ”; 22 Jun. 1972; T. S. dos Santos 2336; CEPEC [CEPEC 00008836]!; NY [NY 00395775]! • “ Uruçuca, Rodovia Uruçuca- Ubaitaba ”; [14 ° 34 ′ 46.5 ″ S, 39 ° 17 ′ 59.0 ″ W]; 20 Apr. 1970; T. S. dos Santos 752; CEPEC [CEPEC 00005734]!, NY [NY 00395776]!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40108FFC9FDFFFDF0FE017E9A.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 3 – 8 m tall. Leaves subcoriaceous, petiole 3 – 9 mm long, lamina 14.9 – 32 × 3.5 – 15 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowly oblong to oblanceolate or lorate, both surfaces glabrous, base asymmetric, decurrent, acute to obtuse, apex acuminate to acute, attenuate to obtuse or rarely emarginate, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 13 – 22 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 50 – 60 °. Inflorescence 2 – 22 - flowered, trunciflorous, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 2 – 7 mm long, flower buds 3 – 7 × 1 – 2 mm, conical, densely covered in trichomes at the base and glabrescent towards the apex. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 1 – 2 × 1 – 3 mm, glabrescent. Petals linear, white, 7 – 10 mm long, covered in trichomes, stamens (3 –) 6, 1.5 – 3.0 × 0.5 mm, carpels 3, 2 – 5 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1 – 3, fusiform, 1 – 6.3 × 0.3 – 0.6 cm, glabrous, green in vivo, stipe 2 – 5 mm long, calyx persistent. Seeds 4 – 6, ellipsoid, 13 – 19 × 4 – 7 mm, brownish, rugose, with aril.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40108FFC9FDFFFDF0FE017E9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia cauliflora is endemic to Bahia, occurring in a small area from the municipalities of Uruçuca southward to Camamu, a distance of only 100 km. Hornschuchia cauliflora inhabits lowland tropical moist forest, but it is also found along the border with seasonal semideciduous forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008; Fig. 3).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40108FFC9FDFFFDF0FE017E9A.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from October to January and fruiting from February to June.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40108FFC9FDFFFDF0FE017E9A.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status Endangered, EN B 1 ab (i, ii, iii) + 2 ab (i, ii, iii) (Amorim et al. 2020 a). There are only six preserved specimens of H. cauliflora. Since the last revision, 27 years ago (Johnson & Murray 1995), the species has been collected only twice, with a hiatus of 15 years between each collection, and has not been recollected in the last seven years.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40108FFC9FDFFFDF0FE017E9A.taxon	discussion	Notes The updated description includes more information about plant size and leaf morphology and dimensions (Johnson & Murray 1995). Hornschuchia cauliflora presents trunciflory, which is also found in some individuals of H. bryotrophe. However, H. bryotrophe is the only species in the genus with an evident commissural vein.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40109FFCCFDE7FD14FEB77D9C.taxon	description	Figs 3, 4 A Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 19: 259, fig. 1 (Johnson & Mello-Silva 1993).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40109FFCCFDE7FD14FEB77D9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Espírito Santo • “ Guarapari, Rodovia do Sol, estrada que liga a BR- 101 à Praia Setibana, ES- 060, a 6 Km da BR- 101 ”; [20 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ S, 40 ° 29 ′ 03.1 ″ W]; 23 Feb. 1988; J. R. Pirani 2435; holotype: SPF [SPF 00060814]!; isotypes: CEPEC [CEPEC 00075532]!, K [K 000485526]!, MBM [MBM 161035]!, MO [MO 216927]!, NY [NY 00008363]!, NY [NY 00008364]!, RB [RB 00534142]!, U [U 0000331]!, US [US 00478941]!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Alcobaça, km 6 – 8 da rodovia BA 001, trecho Alcobaça-Caravelas ”; [17 ° 33 ′ 15.1 ″ S, 39 ° 12 ′ 46.0 ″ W]; alt. 20 m; 16 Sep. 1978; T. S. Santos 3328; CEPEC [CEPEC 00014498]!. – Espírito Santo • “ Guarapari; Rodovia do Sol, road linking BR- 101 to the Praia Setibana, ES- 060, at 6 Km E of BR- 101 ”; 20 ° 33 ′ S, 40 ° 27 ′ W; 18 Jan. 1993; J. A. Kallunki 342; MBM [MBM 262718]!, NY [NY 00395800]!, NY [NY 00395799]!, SPF! • ibid., “ along road connecting BR- 101 and ES- 060, (marked on BR- 101 as road for Praia do Sol), 6 km from BR- 101, 3 km from ES- 060 ”; [20 ° 32 ′ 41.4 ″ S, 40 ° 25 ′ 36.1 ″ W]; 31 Jul. 1991; D. M. Johnson 1848; CEPEC [CEPEC 00064459]! • “ Linhares, Reserva Natural da Vale, Estrada Municipal do M. M. E ”; alt. 64 m; 7 May 2009; P. M. J. Maas 9810; NY [NY 02699055]!, SPF! • ibid., “ 1 km from BR- 101 ”; 19 ° 7 ′ S, 40 ° 2 ′ W; 13 Feb. 1999; P. M. J. Maas 8828; NY [NY 02699057]!, NY [NY 02699056]! • ibid.; 19 ° 07 ′ 59.3 ″ S, 40 ° 05 ′ 07.5 ″ W; alt. 68 m; 25 Nov. 2009; A. Q. Lobão 1533; SAMES [SAMES 00218]!, SPF!, VIES [VIES 024742]! • ibid., R. F. L 0089 / 86; 19 ° 07 ′ 57.8 ″ S, 40 ° 05 ′ 05.9 ″ W; alt. 48 m; 2 Dec. 2010; J. C. Lopes 110 et al.; MBML [MBML 049035]!, SPF! • ibid.; alt. 64 m; 14 Dec. 2007; G. S. Siqueira 377; SPF! • ibid.; 10 Feb. 2008; D. A. Folli 5862; SPF! • ibid.; 24 Mar. 1998; D. A. Folli 3130; RB [RB 00484633]!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40109FFCCFDE7FD14FEB77D9C.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 1 – 11 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 1 – 8 mm long, lamina 9.8 – 16.5 × 3.2 – 8 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowly oblong to oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, both surfaces glabrous, base acute to decurrent, apex acuminate to acute, attenuate to obtuse or rarely emarginate, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 8 – 18 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 40 – 55 °. Inflorescence one-flowered, axillary to supra-axillary or terminal, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 3 – 14 mm long, flower buds 6 – 17 × 1 – 4 mm, conical, glabrescent to densely covered in trichomes or glabrescent at the base and glabrous towards the apex. Sepals connate at the base with triangular apex, (1 –) 2 – 3 (– 4) × 1 – 3 mm, glabrous to glabrescent. Petals linear, white, 10 – 21 mm long, covered in trichomes, stamens (5 –) 6, 4 – 4.5 × 0.5 mm, carpels 3 – 5, 5 – 7 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1 – 2, globose, 16 – 43 × 11 – 28 mm, glabrous, green in vivo, stipe subsessile, calyx caducous. Seeds 2 – 8, globose to ellipsoid, 9 – 19 × 6 – 10 mm, brownish, smooth, without aril.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40109FFCCFDE7FD14FEB77D9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia citriodora is distributed from Bahia to Espírito Santo. There is only one record from the northern extreme of its distribution, in Alcoçoba, Bahia. Hornschuchia citriodora inhabits both lowland tropical moist forest, in Bahia (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008), and tabuleiro forest, a seasonal semideciduous forest, in northern Espírito Santo (Peixoto et al. 2008; Fig. 3).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40109FFCCFDE7FD14FEB77D9C.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from December to May and fruiting from February to March.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40109FFCCFDE7FD14FEB77D9C.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status The inferred EOO was 4499 km 2 and AOO was 16 km 2. In Espírito Santo, H. citriodora occurs in a conservation unit (Lopes & Mello-Silva 2014) and close to the main roads at other localities. As such, H. citriodora should be considered Endangered, EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii) according to the IUCN (2012) criteria.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40109FFCCFDE7FD14FEB77D9C.taxon	discussion	Notes Hornschuchia citriodora is the only species in the genus with sepals connate at the base with triangular apex (Fig. 4 A). In the other species of Hornschuchia sepals are completely connate, forming a cupuliform calyx with truncate apex. In Lopes & Mello-Silva (2014) the monocarp shape was described incorrectly as fusiform instead of globose. The description of H. citriodora has been updated (Johnson & Murray 1995) with the data from the new collections such as leaf dimensions and morphology and inflorescence position.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010CFFCDFDE4FE17FE5E7E22.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010CFFCDFDE4FE17FE5E7E22.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Ilhéus, área do CEPEC (Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau), km 22 da rodovia Ilhéus / Itabuna (BR- 415) ”; 13 Oct. 1981; J. L. Hage 1447; holotype: CEPEC [CEPEC 00025025]!; isotype: U [U 0000332]!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Ilhéus, Área do CEPEC, km 22 da Rodovia Ilhéus / Itabuna (BR- 415) ”; [14 ° 46 ′ 23 ″ S, 39 ° 13 ′ 22 ″ W]; alt. 50 m; 18 Feb. 1992; S. C. SantʼAna 201; CEPEC [CEPEC 00054434]! • ibid.; 24 Jul. 1991; T. S. Santos 4576; CEPEC [CEPEC 00050662]! • ibid.; D. M. Johnson et al. 1840 A; OWU n. v. • “ Itabuna, Reserva Florestal da CEPLAC, Quadra D, km 22 da Rodovia Ilhéus / Itabuna ”; 9 Oct. 1992; A. M. Amorim 858; CEPEC [CEPEC 00056574]!, NY [NY 00395808]!, NY [NY 00395809]!, US [US 01346585]! • “ Santo Antônio de Jesus: Rodovia para São Miguel das Matas e Amargosa, a 7 Km do trevo com a BR 101 ”; 13 º 00 ′ S, 39 º 20 ′ W [12 ° 58 ′ 40 ″ S, 39 ° 19 ′ 52 ″ W]; 30 Jan. 1993; J. R. Pirani 2714; NY [NY 00395810]!, SPF! • “ Una, Km 9 da BR- 101, Rodovia São José / Una ”; [15 ° 14 ′ 53 ″ S, 39 ° 9 ′ 34 ″ W]; alt. 400 m, 18 Oct. 1983; T. S. Santos 3918; CEPEC [CEPEC 00075409]!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010CFFCDFDE4FE17FE5E7E22.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 1 – 4 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 1 – 5 mm long, lamina 18.2 – 40 × 3.5 – 9.6 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, narrowly oblong to lorate, both surfaces glabrous, base slightly asymmetric to asymmetric, acute to obtuse, apex attenuate to obtuse, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 10 – 20 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 50 – 60 °. Inflorescence 3 – 12 - flowered, trunciflorous with idiocladanthy, inflorescence branched into axes 6 – 19 cm long, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 2 – 7 mm long, flower buds 4 – 6 × 1 – 2 mm, conical, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 1 – 3 × 2 – 5 mm, glabrescent. Petals linear, white or yellowish, 10 – 17 mm long, covered in trichomes, stamens 6 – 7, 5 – 7.4 × 0.5 mm, carpels 3, 5 – 6 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1 – 2, ellipsoid, 5 – 6 × 1 – 1.7 cm, glabrescent, stipe 8 – 9 mm long. Seeds 4, obloid-ellipsoid, 19 – 20 × 9 – 10 mm, with aril.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010CFFCDFDE4FE17FE5E7E22.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia leptandra occurs in a narrow area along the coast of Bahia, between the municipalities of Santo Antônio de Jesus and Una, 320 km distant from each other. It inhabits both lowland tropical moist forest and seasonal semideciduous forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008; Fig. 3).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010CFFCDFDE4FE17FE5E7E22.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from October to April and fruiting in August.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010CFFCDFDE4FE17FE5E7E22.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status The inferred EOO was 366 km 2 and AOO was 12 km 2. In addition to its restricted area of occurrence, Hornschuchia leptandra has not been collected in almost 30 years and it is only known from three localities. The region where it occurs has been suffering continued decline of its original vegetation due to anthropic pressure (Landau et al. 2008). Therefore, H. leptandra should be considered Endangered, EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii) according to the IUCN (2012) criteria.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010CFFCDFDE4FE17FE5E7E22.taxon	discussion	Notes Hornschuchia leptandra is the only species in the genus with trunciflory with idiocladanthy, in which the inflorescence emerges from the upper part of the trunk with inflorescence branches ramified and 6 – 19 cm long (Schatz & Wendt 2004). See the note under H. bryotrophe for more details about different types of cauliflory in the genus.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010DFFD2FDE2FDADFE177966.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010DFFD2FDE2FDADFE177966.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Barra do Choça, Estrada que liga a Rod. BR- 116 a São Sebastião, 4 Km a W da cidade ”; [14 ° 49 ′ 49 ″ S, 40 ° 36 ′ 14 ″ W]; 21 Nov. 1978, S. A. Mori 11254; holotype: CEPEC [CEPEC 00015054]!; isotypes: K [K 000485527]!, NY [NY 00312030]!, NY [NY 00312031]!, U [U 0000333]!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Antônio Cardoso, Fazenda Sossego ”; 11 ° 52 ′ 35 ″ S, 40 ° 27 ′ 9 ″ W [12 ° 22 ′ 5 ″ S, 39 ° 6 ′ 31 ″ W]; alt. 465 m; 11 Aug. 1999; E. de Melo 2774; HUEFS [HUEFS 039004]!, RB [RB 00434949]! • ibid.; 14 Apr. 1995; E. de Melo 1143; HUEFS [HUEFS 019942]! • “ Cachoeira, Vale dos Rios Paraguaçu e Jacuípe ”; 12 ° 32 ′ S, 39 ° 05 ′ W [12 ° 31 ′ 59 ″ S, 39 ° 4 ′ 59 ″ W]; Sep. 1980; Grupo Pedra do Cavalo 747; CEPEC [CEPEC 00036791]! • “ Jussari, Ca 2.5 km N of Palmira on road connecting Palmira to the Itaju do Colônia-Itapé Road, Fazenda São Roque, owner Luis Fernando Verde ”; 15 ° 8 ′ 48 ″ S, 39 ° 34 ′ 8 ″ W; alt. 250 m; 14 Mar. 2001; W. W. Thomas 12313; CEPEC [CEPEC 00088237]!, HUEFS [HUEFS 184309]!, MBML [MBML 042597]!, NY [NY 01282053]!, RB [RB 00484198]!, UFRN [UFRN 00013825]! • “ Fazenda Teimoso, Reserva Serra do Teimoso, a N. do portão da reserva ”; 15 ° 9 ′ 12 ″ S, 39 ° 31 ′ 50 ″ W; alt. 275 m; 16 Mar. 2003; W. W. Thomas 13393; CEPEC [CEPEC 00098362]!, RB [RB 00485209]! • “ Vitória da Conquista, Área ao S. da BR- 106, ca 25 km a E. da cidade, ao longo da Rodovia 4 km a W. de São Sebastião ”; [14 ° 45 ′ 4 ″ S, 40 ° 40 ′ 47 ″ W]; 16 Jul. 1991; D. M. Johnson 1838; CEPEC [CEPEC 00064458]!. – Minas Gerais • “ Jacinto, estrada Jacinto-Almenara, 10 km de Jacinto. Encosta suave ao norte da estrada, ao lado da antiga estrada de terra ”; 16 ° 07 ′ 15.4 ″ S, 40 ° 22 ′ 51.2 ″ W; 29 Oct. 2008; R. Mello-Silva 3140; SPF! • “ Estrada Almenara-Jacinto, ca 50 km de Almenara. Lado esquerdo da estrada ”; 16 ° 7 ′ 25 ″ S, 40 ° 22 ′ 51 ″ W; 23 Jan. 2004; J. Costa 459; HUEFS [HUEFS 077729]!, SPF!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010DFFD2FDE2FDADFE177966.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 1 – 8 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 1 – 4 mm long, lamina 4.2 – 10 × 2 – 5 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, wide elliptic or lanceolate to oblanceolate, abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent or densely covered in trichomes, adaxial surface glabrous, base asymmetric, acute to decurrent or obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate to acute, attenuate to obtuse, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 7 – 14 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 45 – 60 °. Inflorescence one-flowered, supra-axillary or terminal, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 1 – 6 mm long, flower buds 4 – 6 × 1 – 2 mm, cylindrical with obtuse apex, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 3 – 6 × 2 – 7 mm, densely covered in trichomes. Petals linear, white or yellowish, 9 – 15 mm long, glabrous to glabrescent, stamens 6, ca 3 × 0.5 mm, carpels 2 – 4, ca 2.5 – 3 × 0.5 mm. Monocarp 1, globose to ellipsoid, 1 cm long, glabrescent, sessile, calyx persistent. Seeds 2, 9 – 10 × 6 – 7 mm, with aril.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010DFFD2FDE2FDADFE177966.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia lianarum occurs mainly inland in Bahia, with only one location in the north of Minas Gerais, close to the border with Bahia. The species is found in seasonal semideciduous forest, seasonal deciduous forest, also known as ʻlianaʼ forest, and in lowland tropical moist forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008; Fig. 3). In both the seasonal semideciduous and deciduous forests, the dry season is between June and September (Mori & Silva 1979).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010DFFD2FDE2FDADFE177966.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from January to November and fruiting from March to August.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010DFFD2FDE2FDADFE177966.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status The inferred EOO was 29 760 km 2 and AOO was 28 km 2. Hornschuchia lianarum is only known from four localities and the region it inhabits has been suffering with progressive loss of habitat (Landau et al. 2008; Mori & Silva 1979). The species should be considered Endangered, EN B 2 ab (iii), according to the IUCN (2012) criteria.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4010DFFD2FDE2FDADFE177966.taxon	discussion	Notes The specimen Noblick 3274 from Feira de Santana, Bahia, is one of the paratypes of H. lianarum (Johnson & Murray 1995), but it is, in fact, Oxandra saxicola Maas & Junikka, a species that occurs in the Cerrado, Brazil, and in the chiquitano, Bolivia (Junikka et al. 2016). Oxandra saxicola shares with H. lianarum the one-flowered inflorescence, small, whitish flowers and globose monocarps. However, O. saxicola has 3 – 5 bracts (vs ebracteate) and flowers with ca 20 stamens (vs 6) and 5 – 10 carpels (vs 3). Hornschuchia lianarum, together with H. mediterranea and H. mellosilvae, inhabits semideciduous forest of Bahia. Moreover, the three species have in common the largest calyces in the genus (3 – 8 × 2 – 7 mm). Hornschuchia lianarum is different from the other two by the cylindrical bud (vs globose to rounded to conical). In addition, H. lianarum can be differentiated from H. mellosilvae by the smaller, 9 – 10 × 6 – 7 mm, globose to ellipsoid and sessile monocarps with rounded apex (vs 20 – 24 × 9 – 12 mm, obloid monocarps with acute apex, with a stipe 1 – 2 mm long). Hornschuchia lianarum differs from H. mediterranea by its cylindrical floral bud with obtuse apex and fruit with 1 monocarp with persistent calyx (vs floral bud globose to ovoid to conical with acute apex and fruit with 2 – 5 monocarps with caducous calyx).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40112FFD0FE15FA63FEA07F3A.taxon	description	Figs 4 B – C, 5	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40112FFD0FE15FA63FEA07F3A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Jussari. Fazenda São Roque, 2.8 km em estrada vicinal à direita da estrada Jussari-Palmira, entrada a 13.8 km além da ponte sobre o rio Piabanha, na saída de Jussari (entrada à esquerda a 2 km de Palmira no sentido Palmira – Jussari), mata semidecidual de encosta, antropizada ”; 15 ° 08 ′ 17.4 ″ S 39 ° 34 ′ 16.8 ″ W; alt. 211 m; 28 Oct. 2008; R. Mello-Silva 3138; holotype: SPF [SPF 00220462]!; isotypes: CEPEC!, K!, NY!, OWU!, RB!, W!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Antônio Cardoso, 20 km de Feira de Santana, na BR- 116, Fazenda Sossego ”; 12 ° 21 ′ 56 ″ S, 39 ° 06 ′ 33 ″ W; 11 Aug. 1999; E. Mello et al. 2774; SPF! • “ Jussari, ca 2.5 km N of Palmira on road connecting Palmira to the Itaju do Colonia-Itapé road, Fazenda São Roque (owner Luis Fernando Verde) ”; 15 ° 08.3 ′ S, 39 ° 34.3 ′ W; alt. 300 – 450 m; 2 Feb 1999; W. W. Thomas 11935; SPF! • ibid.; 15 ° 08.476 ′ S, 39 ° 34.749 ′ W; alt. 250 – 300 m; 14 Mar. 2001; W. W. Thomas 12313; SPF! • “ Fazenda Serra do Teimoso, Reserva Serra do Teimoso ”; 15 ° 09 ′ 12 ″ S, 39 ° 31 ′ 50 ″ W; 16 Mar. 2003; W. W. Thomas 13393; SPF! • “ Mundo Novo, entrada para a cidade próximo a BA- 052 (Estrada do Feijão) ”; 11 ° 52 ′ 35 ″ S, 40 ° 27 ′ 9 ″ W; alt. 465 m; 11 Aug. 1999; E. Mello et al. 2784; SPF!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40112FFD0FE15FA63FEA07F3A.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 1.5 – 8 m tall. Leaves chartaceous to coriaceous, petiole 2 – 6 mm long, lamina 4.4 – 15.5 × 2.3 – 5.8 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowly ovate or lanceolate to oblanceolate, adaxial surface glabrous and abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent, base cuneate to acute, apex attenuate to acute, slightly acuminate or obtuse, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 7 – 12 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 40 – 60 °. Inflorescence one-flowered, axillary, supra-axillary, terminal or leaf-opposed, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 4 – 6 mm long, flower buds 3 – 6 × 1 – 3 mm, globose to ovoid to conical with acute apex, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate to triangular, 3 – 6 × 4 – 7 mm, densely covered in trichomes. Petals linear, white, rarely yellowish, 6 – 9 mm long, covered in trichomes, stamens 3 – 6, 2 – 3 × ca 1 mm long, carpels 5 – 8, 2 – 3 mm long. Monocarps 2 – 5, globose to ellipsoid, 8 – 13 × 5 – 9 mm, densely covered in trichomes, sessile, calyx caducous. Seeds 3 – 4, wide obovoid to ellipsoid, 7 – 7.2 × 4 mm, obovoid to ellipsoid, brownish, rugose, with aril.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40112FFD0FE15FA63FEA07F3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia mediterranea occurs inland in Bahia. It inhabits seasonal semideciduous forest, seasonal deciduous forest and lowland tropical moist forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008), with one occurrence near the Caatinga domain, a xeric vegetation type, in the municipality of Mundo Novo (Figs 5, 7 A).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40112FFD0FE15FA63FEA07F3A.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from February to April and fruiting from February to August.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40112FFD0FE15FA63FEA07F3A.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status Endangered, EN B 2 ab (iii) (Mello-Silva et al. 2021).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40112FFD0FE15FA63FEA07F3A.taxon	discussion	Notes Hornschuchia mediterranea is similar to H. mellosilvae in its larger calyx and globose, rounded or conical floral bud (Fig. 4 B – C). However, H. mediterranea has smaller petals (6 – 9 mm long vs 9 – 24 mm long) fewer stamens (3 – 6 vs 10), more carpels (5 – 8 vs 4) and globose to ellipsoid monocarps, 6 – 11 × 3 – 9 mm, with rounded apex and densely covered in trichomes (vs obloid with acute apex, 20 – 24 × 9 – 12 mm, glabrous).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40110FFD1FE2DFCB5FAFA7E25.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40110FFD1FE2DFCB5FAFA7E25.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Almadina, Rodovia de Almadina para Ibitupã ca 20 km. Fazenda São Roque, ca 10 km da entrada do ramal à esquerda ”; 14 ° 38 ′ 27 ″ S, 39 ° 42 ′ 47 ″ W; 12 Mar. 2005; P. Fiaschi 2784; holotype: SPF [SPF 00168936]!; isotypes: CEPEC [CEPEC 00104268]!, NY [NY 01282018]!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Antônio Cardoso, 20 km de Feira de Santana, na BR- 116, Fazenda Sossego ”; [12 ° 22 ′ 50.9 ″ S, 39 ° 06 ′ 49.5 ″ W]; 14 Apr. 1995; E. Mello 1143; SPF [SPF 00146918]!, SPF [SPF 00133100]!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40110FFD1FE2DFCB5FAFA7E25.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or treelets. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous, petiole 2 – 7 mm long, lamina 6 – 11.6 × 2.4 – 5.3 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic or lanceolate, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to acute or obtuse, apex acuminate to acute or obtuse, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 8 – 12 secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 50 – 60 °. Inflorescence one-flowered, supra-axillary or terminal or ramiflorous, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 2 – 4 mm long, flower buds 5 – 7 × 2 – 3 mm, conical, densely to sparsely covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 3 – 8 × 2 – 5 mm, densely covered in trichomes. Petals linear, white, outer petals (9 –) 20 – 24 × (1.5 –) 2 – 3 mm, inner petals 15 × 3 mm, densely covered in trichomes, stamens 10, ca 4 × 0.5 mm, carpels 4, ca 5.5 × 1 mm, densely covered in trichomes. Monocarp 1, obloid with acute apex, rugose, 20 – 24 × 9 – 12 mm, glabrous, green in vivo, stipe 1 – 2 mm long, calyx persistent. Seeds 4, obloid-flattened, 15 – 18 × 8 mm, with aril.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40110FFD1FE2DFCB5FAFA7E25.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia mellosilvae occurs inland in Bahia. It inhabits semideciduous seasonal forest and lowland tropical moist forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008; Fig. 6).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40110FFD1FE2DFCB5FAFA7E25.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from March to April, fruiting in March.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40110FFD1FE2DFCB5FAFA7E25.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status Endangered, EN B 2 ab (iii) (Lopes et al. 2021).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40110FFD1FE2DFCB5FAFA7E25.taxon	discussion	Notes Hornschuchia mellosilvae and H. bryotrophe are the only species in the genus with ramiflory. However, H. bryotrophe is easily recognized by its leaves with evident commissural veins (Fig. 2 B), absent in H. mellosilvae. Some individuals of H. mellosilvae also present supra-axillary or terminal inflorescence, features shared with H. mediterranea. See note under H. mediterranea to differentiate the two species.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40111FFD7FDBEFDAEFDED7878.taxon	description	Fig. 5	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40111FFD7FDBEFDAEFDED7878.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Ilhéus ”, “ Str. v. C. F. B. ” [“ Strasse des Capitains Filisberto ”, via Felisbertia]; Nov. 1816; M. A. P. z. Wied-Neuwied s. n.; holotype: BR [BR 0000006592400]!; isotypes: BR [BR 0000006593711]! (specimen from the herbarium collection of Martius), MEL [MEL 2123974]!, NY [NY 00026101]! (fragment). Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Almadina: Rodovia de Almadina para Ibitupã, ca 20 km. Fazenda São Roque, ca 10 km da entrada do ramal ”; 14 ° 38 ′ 27 ″ S, 39 ° 42 ′ 47 ″ W; 12 Mar. 2005; P. Fiaschi 2743; CEPEC [CEPEC 00104051]!, MBM [MBM 321118]!, NY [NY 00886759]!, RB [RB 00484207]!, SPF! • ibid.; 14 ° 38 ′ 28 ″ S, 39 ° 42 ′ 47 ″ W; 1 Feb. 2005; J. G. Jardim 4508; CEPEC [CEPEC 00112902]!, RB [RB 00495869]! • “ Ilhéus ”, “ In sylvis udis ad fl. da Caxoeira et Ferradas in Ilheos. Provinciae Bahiensis ”; Dec. 1818; C. F. P. von Martius s. n.; M [M 0240085]!, M [M 0240087]!, M [M 0240086]! (label “ Provinciae Rio d. J. ” probably an error, see Johnson & Murray (1995 )) • “ Itamarajú, Rodovia para São Paulinho ”; [16 ° 56 ′ 03.2 ″ S, 39 ° 34 ′ 05.6 ″ W]; 6 Apr. 1971; T. S. Santos 1569; CEPEC [CEPEC 00006771]!, NY [NY 00395814]! • “ Itanhém, Estrada Itanhaém a Batinga, ca 16 km. Ramal a direita, dando acesso à Fazenda Pedra Grande, de Prop. de Etevaldo Rezende da Silva ”; 17 ° 8 ′ 17 ″ S, 40 ° 25 ′ 34 ″ W; 29 Dec. 2004; A. M. Amorim 4611; SPF!, CEPEC [CEPEC 00106981]!, NY [NY 01873567]! • “ Prado, Km 21 da Rodovia Itamaraju-Prado ”; 17 Feb. 1994; J. R Pirani 2988; SPF!, NY [NY 00395815]! • ibid.; 17 ° 10 ′ S, 39 ° 24 ′ W; 9 Feb. 1994; J. A. Kallunki et al. 465; CEPEC [CEPEC 00060979]!, K [K 001191165]!, NY [NY 00395779]!, SPF! • ibid.; 17 ° 9 ′ 41 ″ S, 39 ° 23 ′ 57 ″ W; alt. 50 m; 19 Jul. 1996; R. Mello-Silva et al. 1171; SPF! • “ Rodovia BA- 284, trecho Prado / Itamaraju, ca 65 Km a NW de Prado ”; [17 ° 00 ′ 29.8 ″ S, 39 ° 36 ′ 18.2 ″ W]; 18 Oct. 1978; S. A. Mori 10658; CEPEC [CEPEC 00014741]! • “ Santo Antônio de Jesus ” (Varzedo *), “ Rodovia para São Miguel das Matas e Amargosa, 7 km do trevo com a BR 101 ”; [12 ° 58 ′ 32.1 ″ S, 39 ° 20 ′ 30.4 ″]; alt. 40 m; 30 Jan. 1993; J. R. Pirani et al. 2701; NY [NY 00395812]!, NY [NY 00395811]!, SPF! • “ São Miguel das Matas, Fazenda Rio Vermelho ”; [12 ° 58 ′ 55.9 ″ S, 39 ° 28 ′ 22.0 ″ W]; 25 Jun. 2003; G. Hatschbach 75700; MBM [MBM 284437]! • “ Minas Gerais ” (Bahia *), “ Salto da Divisa ” (Itagimirim *), “ Estação Repetidora de Salto da Divisa, 1.9 km a S de Salto da Divisa / Itagimirim, 7.1 Km a E de Salto da Divisa ”; 16 ° 01 ′ 43 ″ S, 39 ° 55 ′ 17 ″ W; alt. 495 m; 31 Jan. 2004; W. W. Thomas 13723; CEPEC [CEPEC 00103254]!, NY [NY 01091758]!. – Espírito Santo • “ Linhares, BR- 101, Km. 122, N of Linhares, Reserva Florestal do CVRD, Estrada Farinha Seca, Km 3, S side of road. ”; ca 19 ° 20 ′ S, 40 ° 3 ′ W; 20 Jan. 1993; J. A. Kallunki 356; MBM [MBM 181236]!, NY [NY 00395813]!, SPF! • ibid., “ RFL- 001 / 80 bloco E, trat. 02 ”; 14 Feb. 2007; G. S. Siqueira 307; SPF! • ibid.; 19 ° 11 ′ S, 39 ° 54 ′ W; alt. 30 m; 8 May 2009; P. J. M. Maas 9853; NY [NY 02699054]!, SPF! • ibid.; 19 ° 11 ′ 07.3 ″ S, 39 ° 55 ′ 23.8 ″ W; alt. 23 m; 25 Nov. 2009; A. Lobão et al. 1531; SAMES [SAMES 00219]!, SPF!, VIES [VIES 024741]! • ibid.; 27 Dec. 1999; D. A. Folli 3540; SPF!, RB [RB 00484652]! • ibid.; 19 ° 11 ′ 10.9 ″ S, 39 ° 54 ′ 50.3 ″ W; alt. 16 m; 3 Dec. 2010; J. C. Lopes et al. 122; MBML [MBML 049129]!, RB [RB 00755525]!, SPF! • ibid.; 19 ° 11 ′ 12.1 ″ S, 39 ° 54 ′ 53.4 ″ W; alt. 32 m; 3 Dec. 2010; J. C. Lopes et al. 147; RB [RB 00755518]!, SPF! • ibid.; 19 ° 11 ′ 13.3 ″ S, 39 ° 54 ′ 49.6 ″ W; alt. 44 m; 3 Dec. 2010; J. C. Lopes et al. 364; SPF! • “ Pinheiros, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado ”; 18 ° 22 ′ 12 ″ S, 40 ° 8 ′ 39 ″ W; 24 Jan. 2011; A. O. Giaretta 916; SAMES [SAMES 01774]! • ibid.; 18 ° 22 ′ 12 ″ S, 40 ° 8 ′ 39 ″ W; 18 Dec. 2010; T. L. Rocha 93; SAMES [SAMES 00220]! • ibid., “ Ponte do Paraju ”; alt. 72 m; 17 Jun. 2002; L. S. Leoni 5846; RB [RB 01178314]!, SPF!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40111FFD7FDBEFDAEFDED7878.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 0.3 – 6 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 0.5 – 4 mm long, lamina 4.9 – 12.5 × 2 – 5 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, obovate or rarely lanceolate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent, adaxial surface glabrous, base asymmetric, acute, decurrent or cuneate, apex acuminate, acute, attenuate or obtuse, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 7 – 12 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 40 – 60 °. Inflorescence one-flowered, axillary, supra-axillary, terminal or 2 – 12 - flowered, flagelliflorous, inflorescence branches ramified, 10 – 100 cm long, running near the soil, bracts persistent, 1.5 – 6.9 × 0.6 – 2.8 cm. Flowers with pedicel 7 – 37 mm long, flower buds 3 – 8 × 1 – 3 mm, cylindrical with obtuse apex, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 1 – 3 × 1 – 4 mm, densely covered in trichomes. Petals linear, white, 7 – 14 mm long, glabrous to glabrescent at the apex and densely covered at the base in trichomes, stamens 6, 2 – 3.5 × 0.5 mm, carpels 3 – 4, 3.5 – 4 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1 – 2, fusiform to ellipsoid, 14 – 40 × 3 – 5 mm, glabrous to glabrescent, green in vivo, stipe 2 – 3 mm long, calyx persistent. Seeds 1 – 2, set of seeds with the same shape as the monocarp, fitting obliquely, 9 – 12 × 4 – 5.5 mm, with aril.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40111FFD7FDBEFDAEFDED7878.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia myrtillus occurs in Bahia and Espírito Santo, with a single collection close to the border between Minas Gerais and Bahia. In Bahia, it occurs in lowland tropical moist forest and in seasonal semideciduous forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008), in Espírito Santo, in tabuleiro forest (Peixoto et al. 2008; Fig. 5).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40111FFD7FDBEFDAEFDED7878.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from January to December, fruiting from February to December.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40111FFD7FDBEFDAEFDED7878.taxon	conservation	Conservation status Vulnerable, B 2 ab (ii, iii) (Moraes et al. 2020).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40111FFD7FDBEFDAEFDED7878.taxon	discussion	Notes The type locality of H. myrtillus is the same as H. bryotrophe, see note under the latter. The description of H. myrtillus has been updated (Johnson & Murray 1995) to include information from the several new collections made in the last 27 years, such as plant size, variation in the inflorescence and fruit dimensions. The inflorescence in H. myrtillus can be either axillary, supra-axillary to terminal with one flower or flagelliflorous, inflorescence branched into axes 10 – 100 cm long, running near the soil, and 2 – 12 - flowered. These two types of inflorescences have been found in the same individual (Lopes & Mello-Silva 2014). When with single-flowered inflorescence, H. myrtillus is similar to H. alba, see note under the latter to differentiate the two species. The individuals with flagelliflory resemble H. polyantha. However, H. myrtillus has a calyx densely covered in trichomes (vs glabrescent) and inflorescence with persistent bracts (vs caducous bracts).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40117FFD4FDE0FB73FA8C79EE.taxon	description	Figs 4 D, 5	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40117FFD4FDE0FB73FA8C79EE.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Cairu, Estrada Cairu-Ituberá, 8 km S de Cairu ”; [13 ° 34 ′ 22.4 ″ S, 39 ° 03 ′ 22.6 ″ W]; 26 Jul. 1981; A. M. Carvalho 798; holotype: CEPEC [CEPEC 00024357]!; isotypes: CEPEC [CEPEC 00050811]!, NY [NY 00008356]!, U [U 0000334]!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Ilhéus, Distrito de Castelo Novo, fazenda Almada, coletas no km 4 na estrada para estação experimental do Almada e o povoado de Ribeira das Pedras, entrada no km 20 da rodovia Ilhéus / Uruçuca ”; [14 ° 39 ′ 18.7 ″ S, 39 ° 11 ′ 16.4 ″ W]; alt. 110 m; 8 Feb. 1996; L. A. M. Silva 3355; CEPEC [CEPEC 00070901]! • “ Uruçuca, Distrito de Serra Grande, 7.3 km na estrada Serra Grande / Itacaré, Fazenda Lagoa do Conjunto Fazenda Santa Cruz ”; 14 ° 25 ′ 23 ″ S, 39 ° 3 ′ 42 ″ W; 11 – 21 Sep. 1991; A. M. de Carvalho et al. 3602; CEPEC [CEPEC 00052187]!, HUEFS [HUEFS 013892]!, MBM [MBM 158839]!, NY [NY 00395805]!, US [US 01346587]! • ibid.; 14 ° 25 ′ 24 ″ S, 39 ° 3 ′ 38 ″ W; 15 Nov. 1995; W. W. Thomas et al. 11019; ALCB [ALCB 004564]!, CEPEC [CEPEC 00068119]!, MBM [MBM 194749]! • ibid.; 14 ° 25 ′ S, 39 ° 01 ′ W; 7 Sep. 1991; A. M. de Carvalho et al. 3649; CEPEC [CEPEC 00052143]!, HUEFS [HUEFS 013893]!, MBM [MBM 158840]!, NY [NY 00395807]! • ibid.; 1 – 12 Jul. 1991; W. W. Thomas 8041; NY [NY 00395804]! • ibid.; 1 – 12 Jul. 1991; A. M. de Carvalho 3350; ALCB [ALCB 004359]!, CEPEC [CEPEC 00052214]!, NY [NY 00395806]!, RB [RB 01351907]!, US [US 01346588]! • ibid.; 6 Oct. 1992; A. M. Amorim 794; CEPEC [CEPEC 00056662, NY [00395802]!, NY [NY 00395803]!, RB [RB 00042097]!, US [US 01346586]! • ibid.; 1 – 12 Jul. 1991; W. W. Thomas 6933; CEPEC [CEPEC 0005328]! • ibid., “ 7 km na estrada Serra Grande / Itacaré, local do Inventário Florestal ”; 10 Oct. 1995; A. M. de Carvalho et al. 6132; CEPEC [CEPEC 00066687]!, MBM [MBM 187066]!, NY [NY 00395801]! • ibid., “ rodovia BA- 001 Ilhéus / Itacaré, ca 4.5 km do distrito de Serra Grande ”; 5 Jul. 2001; J. G. Jardim 3721; NY [NY 00684332]!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40117FFD4FDE0FB73FA8C79EE.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 1.5 – 8 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 1 – 3 mm long, lamina 12 – 31.5 × 3.6 – 10.3 cm, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic, both surfaces glabrous, base asymmetric or cuneate, apex acuminate, acute, attenuate, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 9 – 18 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 30 – 45 °. Inflorescence 3 – 8 - flowered, in shortened, highly ramified branches, terminal or supra-axillary, bracts rarely persistent, 1.0 – 1.3 × 0.4 – 0.5 cm. Flowers with pedicel 3 – 30 mm long, flower buds 3 – 6 × 1 – 2 mm, cylindrical with obtuse apex, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 2 – 4 × 1 – 4 mm, glabrescent. Petals linear, white, 7 – 7.5 mm long, glabrous, stamens 6, 2.5 – 3 × 0.5 mm, carpels 3, 2.4 – 3 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1 – 2, fusiform, 15 – 45 × 5 – 8 mm, densely covered in trichomes, immature monocarps whitish in vivo, sessile. Seeds 1 – 2.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40117FFD4FDE0FB73FA8C79EE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia obliqua is endemic to Bahia, where it occurs in lowland tropical moist forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008; Fig. 5).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40117FFD4FDE0FB73FA8C79EE.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from February to October, fruiting from July to November.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40117FFD4FDE0FB73FA8C79EE.taxon	conservation	Conservation status Endangered, EN B 1 ab (i, ii, iii) + 2 ab (i, ii, iii) (Amorim et al. 2020 b). Hornschuchia obliqua is only known from three localities. It has not been collected in 19 years.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40117FFD4FDE0FB73FA8C79EE.taxon	discussion	Notes Hornschuchia obliqua and H. santosii have 3 – 12 - flowered inflorescences, which are axillary, terminal (Fig. 4 D) or leaf-opposed. However, H. obliqua differs from H. santosii by its cylindrical floral bud (vs conical), fusiform monocarp, 1.3 – 6 mm wide, densely covered in trichomes and whitish in vivo (vs globose, 16 – 19 mm wide, glabrous, green in vivo; Fig. 4 E). The description of H. myrtillus has been updated (Johnson & Murray 1995) with information regard the plant size and fruit dimensions.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40114FFDAFD89F9D9FB1C7E49.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40114FFDAFD89F9D9FB1C7E49.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • (Una *), “ Km 9 da nova rodovia São José / Uma ”; 21 Apr. 1976; T. S. Santos 3099; holotype: CEPEC [CEPEC 00012625]!; isotypes: NY [NY 00026102]!, MBM [MBM 117085]!, U [U 0000335]!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Aurelino Leal, 10 – 11 km W of BR- 101 on road from, Aurelino Leal to Lage do Banco ”; [14 ° 20 ′ 34.8 ″ S, 39 ° 22 ′ 37.7 ″ W]; 16 Feb. 1994; J. A. Kallunki et al. 547; CEPEC [CEPEC 00066789]!, NY [NY 00395790]!, SPF! • ibid.; 3 May 1992; W. W. Thomas 9086; CEPEC [CEPEC 00056483]!, MBM [MBM 284834]!, NY [NY 00395788]! • ibid.; [14 ° 20 ′ 43.2 ″ S, 39 ° 22 ′ 54.7 ″ W]; alt. 175 – 200 m; 30 Oct. 2001; W. W. Thomas et al. 12675; CEPEC [CEPEC 00091105]!, NY [NY 00684351]!, RB [RB 00484693]!, SPF! • “ Buerarema, Rodovia Buerarema- São José da Vitória (BR- 101), ramal à esquerda, ca 15 km de Buerarema, ca 9.5 km da BR, Fazenda Sta. Rosa, entrada ca 500 m à direita, proprietário: José Elias ”; 15 ° 06 ′ 19 ″ S, 39 ° 17 ′ 20 ″ W; 5 Feb. 2003; P. Fiaschi et al. 1287; CEPEC [CEPEC 00096080]!, NY [NY 00821927]!, RB [RB 00484690]!, SPF! • “ Camacã, BR- 101 ao Rio Pardo ”; [15 ° 33 ′ 04.7 ″ S, 39 ° 25 ′ 24.6 ″ W]; 24 May 1971; T. S. Santos 1690; NY [NY 00395792]! • “ Gongogi, Barragem do funil ”; [14 ° 13 ′ 38.0 ″ S, 39 ° 27 ′ 47.9 ″ W]; 16 Nov. 1971; T. S. Santos 2157; NY [NY 00395793]! • “ Itajuípe, rodovia Itajuípe / Ubaitaba, 12 Km N Banco Central ”; [14 ° 31 ′ 42.7 ″ S, 39 ° 21 ′ 04.0 ″ W]; 24 Apr. 1965; R. P. Belém 879; CEPEC [CEPEC 00001279]! • “ Itapebi, Fazenda Lombardia BR- 101 a Fazenda Ventania ”; [15 ° 52 ′ 52.3 ″ S, 39 ° 31 ′ 03.6 ″ W]; 19 Aug. 1971; T. S. Santos 1859; CEPEC [CEPEC 00007096]! • “ Mascote, Estrada de terra ao longo da encosta da margem norte do rio Pardo, em direção a jusante, 7 km da ponte da BR- 101 sobre o rio ”; 15 ° 36 ′ 50.3 ″ S, 39 ° 22 ′ 57.0 ″ W; 26 Oct. 2008; R. Mello-Silva et al. 3132; SPF! • “ Entrada na cabeceira da ponte do Rio Pardo BR- 101, próximo de São João do Paraiso, Fazenda Ai Tais a ca 5.5 km da BR 101, área localizada depois do rio Pardo, travessia de canoa ”; 15 º 36 ′ 24 ″ S, 39 º 22 ′ 21 ″ W; 27 Dec. 2004; A. M. Amorim et al. 4572; RB [RB 00421327]!, SPF! • “ Ubaitaba, rodovia Ubaitaba / Lages, 8 km de Ubaitaba ”; [14 ° 15 ′ 19.7 ″ S, 39 ° 24 ′ 48.4 ″ W]; 25 Apr. 1965; R. P. Belém 936; CEPEC [CEPEC 00001115]!, IAN [IAN 119427]!, NY [NY 00395795]!, NY [NY 00395796]! • “ Una, 9 km from São José and BR- 101 on road to Una, on S side of road in forest ”; 15 º 03 ′ S, 39 º 14 ′ W; 4 Feb. 1993; J. A. Kallunki et al. 428; CEPEC [CEPEC 00060939]!, HUEFS [HUEFS 017561]!, MBM [MBM 181237]!, NY [NY 00395791]!, SPF! • ibid.; 20 Jan. 1982; T. S. Santos 3712; CEPEC [CEPEC 00028035]! • ibid.; 15 º 4 ′ 15 ″ S, 39 º 18 ′ 35 ″ W; 18 Mar. 1999; J. G. Jardim et al. 2064; CEPEC [CEPEC 00087825]! NY [NY 00583368]!, SPF! • “ Estrada São José-Una. Coletas efetuadas no km 9 a partir da BR, Fazenda Santa Rosa ”; 8 Oct. 1992; A. M. Amorim 827; CEPEC [CEPEC 00056585]!, HUEFS [HUEFS 013176]!, NY [NY 00395798]!, NY [NY 00395797]!, RB [RB 00042107]!, US [US 01346589]!, US [US 01346590]! • “ 8.8 km a E BR- 101, rodovia São José / Una ”; 15 ° 08 ′ S, 39 ° 15 ′ W; 28 Oct. 1993; W. W. Thomas 10176; CEPEC [CEPEC 00059818]!, NY [NY 00395789]!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40114FFDAFD89F9D9FB1C7E49.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 0.5 – 6 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 1 – 5 mm long, lamina 6.3 – 19 (– 22) × 2.2 – 6.6 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, lanceolate to oblanceolate, narrowly oblong or narrowly ovate, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to acute, apex acuminate to acute or attenuate, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 8 – 18 pairs of secondary veins, angles between primary and secondary veins 40 – 60 °. Inflorescence 2 – 17 - flowered in highly ramified branches, flagelliflorous, inflorescence branches 10 – 100 cm long or shortened branches ca 4.5 cm long, rarely one-flowered, terminal, bracts caducous, 2.0 – 7.4 × 0.3 – 2.8 cm. Flowers with pedicel 2 – 12 mm long, flower buds 2 – 8 × 1 – 2.5 mm, cylindrical with obtuse apex, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 1.5 – 4 × 1 – 4 mm, glabrescent. Petals linear, white, 5 – 11.5 mm long, densely covered in trichomes, stamens 6, 3 – 4 × 0.5 mm, carpels 3, 2.5 – 4 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1 – 3, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 8 – 30 × 2 – 5 mm, glabrous, green in vivo, sessile, calyx persistent. Seeds 1 – 2, ellipsoid, 10 × 4 – 5 mm (Maas et al. 1986).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40114FFDAFD89F9D9FB1C7E49.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia polyantha is endemic to Bahia, where it occurs in lowland tropical moist forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008; Fig. 6).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40114FFDAFD89F9D9FB1C7E49.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from February to December, fruiting from May to October.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40114FFDAFD89F9D9FB1C7E49.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status Hornschuchia polyantha has an EOO of 3095 km 2 and an AOO of 48 km 2, its habitat is endangered due to deforestation (Landau et al. 2008). The conservation status is categorized as Endangered, EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii), according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E40114FFDAFD89F9D9FB1C7E49.taxon	discussion	Notes The description of H. polyantha has been updated (Johnson & Murray 1995) in plant habit and size, leaf morphology, flower morphology and dimensions, and fruit dimensions. Hornschuchia polyantha is similar to H. myrtillus, see the note under the latter to differentiate the two species.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4011AFFDBFDE8FD42FB147BE6.taxon	description	Figs 4 E, 6	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4011AFFDBFDE8FD42FB147BE6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: BRAZIL – Bahia • (Teixeira de Freitas *), “ Km 6 da rod. Teixeira de Freitas a Alcobaça ”; [17 ° 31 ′ 05.6 ″ S, 39 ° 39 ′ 07.3 ″ W]; 9 Oct. 1971; T. S. dos Santos 2091; holotype: CEPEC [CEPEC 00007576]!; isotype: NY [NY 00008357]!. Material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Buerarema, Rodovia que liga Buerarema a Vila Brasil, km 14 ”; [15 ° 03 ′ 40.9 ″ S, 39 ° 14 ′ 28.1 ″ W]; 9 Feb. 1982; A. M. de Carvalho 1172; CEPEC [CEPEC 00028511]!, HEPH [HEPH 00001089]!, NY [NY 00395773]! • ibid.; 9 Feb. 1982; A. M. de Carvalho 1175; CEPEC n. v., HEPH [HEPH 00001087]! • “ Canavieiras ” (Santa Luzia *); 15 º 22 ′ S, 39 º 11 ′ W; alt. 100 m; 15 Aug. 1984; M. M. Santos 169; CEPEC [CEPEC 00037788]! • “ Santa Luzia, Vila São João. Reserva de mata do CEPLAC, entrada em bifurcação à direita da estrada Santa Luzia-Vila São João, 18, 5 km além do rio na saída de Santa Luzia, 4.6 km além da bifurcação e 1 km além de ponte de concreto da reserva ”; 15 º 23 ′ 18.2 ″ S, 39 º 12 ′ 04.9 ″ W; alt. 97 m; 26 Oct. 2008; R. Mello-Silva et al. 3134; SPF! • “ Una ” (Santa Luzia *), “ Estrada de Una para Santa Luzia, ca 1 km após a Vila São João, ca 20 km de Una, ramal à esquerda ”; 15 º 23 ′ S, 39 º 12 ′ W; 4 Dec. 2002; P. Fiaschi 1226; CEPEC [CEPEC 00094181]!, CEPEC 00094205]!, NY [NY 01806300]!, RB [RB 00484635]!, SPF!.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4011AFFDBFDE8FD42FB147BE6.taxon	description	Description Shrubs or trees, 2 – 7 m tall. Leaves chartaceous, petiole 1 – 5 mm long, lamina 8.6 – 20.5 (– 25.7) × 2.8 – 9.8 cm, narrowly oblong to elliptic, narrowly obovate to oblanceolate or narrowly ovate, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, rounded to obtuse, apex attenuate to acute or obtuse, primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 9 – 14 pairs of secondary veins, raised adaxially, angles between primary and secondary veins 40 – 60 °. Inflorescence 4 – 12 - flowered in highly ramified branches, axillary, terminal or leaf-opposed, bracts absent. Flowers with pedicel 2 – 25 mm long, flower buds 4 – 9 × 1.5 – 3 mm, conical with rounded apex, covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 1 – 3 × 3 – 5 mm, densely covered in trichomes. Petals linear, white, 9 – 22 mm long, covered in trichomes, stamens 6 – 18, 2 – 3.5 × 0.5 mm, carpels 2 – 9, 1 – 3 × 0.5 mm. Monocarps 1 – 3, globose to ovoid with rounded to acute apex, 21 – 22 × 16 – 19 mm, glabrous, stipe 1.5 mm long, calyx persistent. Seeds 6 – 8, 12 – 15 × 7 – 8 mm, flattened ellipsoid with aril.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4011AFFDBFDE8FD42FB147BE6.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat Hornschuchia santosii is endemic to Bahia, only known from three localities, the municipalities of Buerarema, Santa Luzia and Teixeira de Freitas. The only records in the municipalities of Canavieiras, Santos 169, and Una, Fiaschi 1226, have their geographic coordinates in Santa Luzia, in the same place of the collection Mello-Silva 3134. This region is close to the border of these three municipalities; therefore, it is possible that the collections Santos 169 and Fiaschi 1226 were made in Santa Luzia. The species inhabits lowland tropical moist forest (Gouvêa et al. 1976; Thomas & Barbosa 2008; Fig. 6).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4011AFFDBFDE8FD42FB147BE6.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering from February to December, fruiting in December.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4011AFFDBFDE8FD42FB147BE6.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservations status Hornschuchia santosii has an EOO of 1378 km 2 and an AOO of 12 km 2. It has been found at three localities, one of them in a conservation unit. It has not been collected in 10 years. Moreover, as already mentioned, the region H. santosii inhabits is endangered due to deforestation (Landau et al. 2008). Therefore, it should be considered Endangered, EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii), according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4011AFFDBFDE8FD42FB147BE6.taxon	discussion	Notes Hornschuchia santosii is the only species with up to 18 stamens and 9 carpels, it is similar to H. obliqua, the note under the latter describes the differences between them.	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
03C887E4011AFFDBFDE8FD42FB147BE6.taxon	conservation	Distribution, endemism and conservation Hornschuchia is a threatened genus, 11 of its 12 species are classified either as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Only H. bryothophe is categorized as of Least Concern following the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012) (Table 1). We have inferred the conservation status of five species: H. citriodora, H. leptandra, H. linanarum, H. polyantha and H. santosii, all classified as Endangered. The remaining species have already been classified. One species is Critically Endangered, H. alba, nine species are Endangered: H. cauliflora, H. citriodora, H. leptandra, H. lianarum, H. mediterranea, H. mellosilvae, H. obliqua, H. polyantha and H. santosii, while one is Vulnerable, H. myrtillus (Table 1). Seven species are known from only five or fewer localities: H. citriodora, H. leptandra, H. lianarum, H. mediterranea, H. mellosilvae, H. obliqua and H. santosii (Table 1). Four species have not been collected in more than 17 years: H. alba, H. leptandra, H. mellosilvae and H. obliqua. Only four species are found in conservation units: H. bryotrophe, H. citriodora, H. leptandra and H. myrtillus. Hornschuchia is endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, as defined by law (Brasil 2006), occurring from the State of Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro (Fig. 7 A). The species with the widest distribution is H. bryotrophe with a single collection in Pernambuco, its main distribution is from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro (Fig. 1). One species is endemic to Rio de Janeiro, H. alba (Fig. 1). Seven species are endemic to Bahia: H. cauliflora, H. leptandra, H. mediterranea, H. mellosilvae, H. polyantha, H. obliqua and H. santosii (Figs 3, 5 – 6). Most species occur in moist lowland tropical forest. Eight species also occur in seasonal semideciduous forest: H. alba, H. bryotrophe, H. cauliflora, H. leptandra, H. lianarum, H. mediterranea, H. mellosilvae and H. myrtillus (Figs 1, 3, 5 – 6). Hornschuchia lianarum and H. mediterranea reach the seasonal deciduous forest of Bahia and are the only species occurring in this type of vegetation (Figs 3, 5). Southern Bahia is the centre of species richness for Hornschuchia (8 spp.); followed by northern Bahia (4 spp.) and northern Espírito Santo (3 spp.; Fig. 7 B). Southern Bahia, the region close to Ilhéus, is also where most of the specimens have been collected, ranging from 13 to 18 records per cell (Fig. 7 C). The second region where most of the species have been collected is Espírito Santo, close to Linhares, with eight records per cell (Fig. 7 C). The total points of occurrence for the species of Hornschuchia were 105. Two bioregions were identified, one including the coast of Bahia and northern Espírito Santo, bioregion 1; the other encompassing Rio de Janeiro and southern Espírito Santo, bioregion 2 (Fig. 7 D, Table 2). Nine species are the most indicative for bioregion 1: Hornschuchia bryotrophe, H. cauliflora, H. polyantha, H. leptandra, H. lianarum, H. mediterranea, H. mellosilvae, H. obliqua and H. santosii (Table 2, Fig. 7 D). In bioregion 2, the most indicative species are H. alba, H. citriodora and H. bryotrophe (Table 2, Fig. 7 D).	en	Vilela, Lucas, Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho (2022): Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 828: 75-108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
