identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C8C037FFBFFFAF4A74FDE0FC37FAFA.text	03C8C037FFBFFFAF4A74FDE0FC37FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycidae (Lawrence and Newton 1995)	<div><p>Classification of Lycidae and the list of treated genera and species</p> <p>Subfamilies Tribes Genera, species</p> <p>Ateliinae</p> <p>Leptolycinae Leptolycini</p> <p>Lyropaeini</p> <p>Dexorini</p> <p>Lycinae Lycini Lycostomus ferrgineus, L. formosanus</p> <p>Calopterini Calopteron terminale, Caenia dimidiata</p> <p>Macrolycini Macrolycus pectinifer, M. similaris</p> <p>Calochrominae Calochromini Lygistopterus sanguineus, Calochromus spp.</p> <p>Platerodinae Lyponiini Lyponia quadricollis, Lyponia spp., Platerodini Plateros lictor, Plateros spp.</p> <p>Erotinae Erotini Pyropterus nigroruber, Eros humeralis, Lopheros lineatus, Pseudosynchonnus arrogans</p> <p>Metriorrhynchinae Conderini Xylobanellus erythropterus Metriorrhynchini Metriorrhynchus thoracicus, M. philippinensis, M. lobatus,</p> <p>M cribripennis, Porrostoma heamorrhoidale, P. rhippidium</p> <p>Lycidae, incertae sedis Duliticola spp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFBFFFAF4A74FDE0FC37FAFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFBDFFAB49C5FB43FCA2FB2C.text	03C8C037FFBDFFAB49C5FB43FCA2FB2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Duliticola Mjoberg 1925	<div><p>Duliticola Mjöberg, 1925</p> <p>Immature stages described in literature. Duliticola paradoxa Mjöberg (Mjöberg, 1925), D. korinchiana Blair (Blair, 1928), D. hoiseni Wong (Wong, 1996).</p> <p>Systematic position of Duliticola. Mjöberg (1925) considered Duliticola to be the well-characterized group of primitive lycids and wrote that ‘it would be perhaps justifiable to separate the group of ‘‘trilobite larvae’’,... and give them the rank of a family or sub-family... (Duliticolidae or Duliticolinae)’. But he concluded that our knowledge is too limited to justify such a step. At present, the genus is classified as ‘incertae sedis’ in Lycidae (Lawrence and Newton, 1995). Platerodrilus Pic, earlier classified in Drilidae, is very similar to Duliticola in the adult male. These genera form a distinct group of yet unknown relationships.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body shape very characteristic (figures 20–23), ‘trilobite larva’ of many authors. Following diagnostic characters were found: fossa antennalis closed, separated from mouth-parts by pleurostoma (pleurostoma absent from other lycids); slender, longitudinal sclerite present ventrally of pleurostoma (figure 26); mala sclerotized (figure 27). Apical antennomere with several peg-like processes (figures 25, 26). Spiracles situated at margin of deep, large cavities surrounding spiracular scar in mature larvae (figure 24), additional spiracles in bottom of cavity. Meso- and metasternum with paired tubercles (figure 22). Sclerites of A1–A8 with at least one process at posterior margin (figure 23).</p> <p>Description of mature female larva (spec. #1). Body wide, considerably flattened due to extensively projected lateral plates (figures 20, 22). Dark brown, heavily sclerotized, membranes restricted to intersegmental regions. Head slightly longer than wide, anterior margin projected, rounded (figure 25). Epicranium consisting of dorsal and pleural plates, membranous between plates. Complete fossa antennalis present, dorsally limited by epicranium, ventrally by sclerotized pleurostoma. Longitudinal sclerite situated ventrally of pleurostoma. Basal antennomere very short, apical antennomere with several peg-like processes ventrally and more extensive, sclerotized area dorsally (figures 25, 26). Mala sclerotized, with peg-like process (figure 27). Ventral plate with posterolateral processes (figure 26). Cervical membrane extensive, with pigmented patches in posteroventral part. Pronotum trapezoid, truncate at apex, in middle part with marked longitudinal, sclerotized suture, differing from pronotal surface by absence of reticulate structure. Similar structure in meso- and metathorax, indistinct in abdominal segments. Thoracic terga with considerably widened lateral plates and four tubercles at posterior margin. Prosternum prolonged, prothoracic precoxalia absent, episterna extensive, attached to prosternum. Meso- and metasternum with pair of tubercles (figure 22). Extensive spiracular plates with spiracles at margin and bottom of extensive cavity in both, meso- and metathorax (figures 22, 24). Legs slender, relatively long, long trochanters divided in anterior and posterior part. Abdomen with large lateral processes, spiracles on margin and bottom of caves in segments A1–A8. Sterna A1–A8 with slender posterolateral processes, upper pleurites extensive, with similar process in outer posterior angle. Lower pleurites very small, with short process only in segments A3–A8. Segment A9 widest at apex, with short, fixed urogomphi (figures 21, 23).</p> <p>Young larva (spec. #2). Differs in shorter and partly missing processes from older larvae. No cavities at spiracles present, small spiracular scar in place where cavity located in older larvae.</p> <p>Measurements. spec. #1: BL 39 mm, PL 7.2 mm, PW 11 mm, width of mesonotum 14 mm; spec #2: BL 11 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Philippines, Mindanao, Kitanglad, v.1999, two female larvae (LMBC), here described. In addition we have examined various instars of eight morphologically different, unidentified species from the Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java.</p> <p>Remarks. About 15 species of trilobite larvae may be collected in Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra and Java, three of them are known as males. Other species were not yet described. A. Wong, Singapore is currently studying the group. Platerodrilus is closely related to Duliticola. It differs only in the structure of male genitalia (Wong, pers. comm.).</p> <p>Besides the typical ‘trilobite larva’ described here, the first author has also collected a robust larva belonging to the Duliticola group but lacking the widened lateral plates and having a convex body. This larva, differs strongly in the general appearance, but has the same structure of spiracles, cranium, mouthparts and antennae and is doubtlessly related to Duliticola.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFBDFFAB49C5FB43FCA2FB2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFBBFFAB4980FA43FDE1F90F.text	03C8C037FFBBFFAB4980FA43FDE1F90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ateliinae	<div><p>ATELIINAE</p> <p>Immature stages unknown. Females are likely neotenous. At present 23 species of the genera Scarelus Waterhouse and Atelius Waterhouse are known, represented in collections by approximately 200 specimens, all known specimens are males (Bocak, 1995, 1997).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFBBFFAB4980FA43FDE1F90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFBBFFAB49E6FB42FBB0FA2C.text	03C8C037FFBBFFAB49E6FB42FBB0FA2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptolycinae Leng & Mutchler 1922	<div><p>LEPTOLYCINAE</p> <p>Immature stages described in literature. Lyropaeini: Lyropaeus biguttatus (Gorham), Gravely (1915), redescribed by Gardner (1946). Leptolycini: no immature stages described, Dr M. Ivie (pers. comm.) recently collected larvae of numerous species. Dexorini: no immature stages described, females likely neotenous, all adults known are males (altogether 20 specimens, Bocak and Bocakova, 1988).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFBBFFAB49E6FB42FBB0FA2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFB9FFA94966FF46FE6DFA6C.text	03C8C037FFB9FFA94966FF46FE6DFA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycostomus ferrugineus (Fabricius 1798)	<div><p>Lycostomus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1798)</p> <p>Diagnosis. L. ferrugineus differs from congeneric species in the shape of epicranium (figures 7, 11), arrangement light patches on terga, and less tuberculate surface of sclerites.</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body elongate, widest in middle part of abdomen (figures 1, 4). Prothorax and partly meso- and metathorax dorsoventrally compressed, abdomen almost cylindrical. Sclerites dark brown to black, only lateral parts of pronotum, posterolateral parts of remaining thoracic nota, and segments A6–A9 yellow (figure 11). Head deeply retractable into pronotum. Stemma located in lateral membrane and partly surrounded by small sickle-shaped sclerite. Epicranium triangular, narrow, surrounded laterally by membrane attached to narrow ventrolateral sclerite. Ventral region of head very slightly sclerotized, without apparent border between sclerotized and membranous area. Maxillary palpi as long as membranous mala, palpifer as long as three apical palpomeres combined. Prementum divided into two independent segment-like tubes, closely attached at bases, labial palpi appearing 3-segmented in consequence (figure12). Prothorax apparently prolonged, triangular, prosternum very narrow, with sclerotized laterofrontal parts and sclerotized middle in basal part (figure 2). Episternum very long, narrow, epimeron small. Pronotum longitudinally divided at base and in frontal part (figure 1). Meso- and metanotum transverse, longitudinally divided. Sterna T2 and T3 very small, slightly sclerotized. Spiracular sclerite T2 large, spiracle at posterior margin, partly hidden in cavity formed by raised margin of sclerite. Frontal pleurite T3 with small tubercle in area corresponding to location of spiracle of T2. Episterna and epimera of T2 and T3 subequal in size (figure 2). Abdomen with terga A1–A8 longitudinally divided, A9 entire, with fixed short urogomphi (figure 11). Spiracular sclerite divided in anterior and posterior part (figures 2, 3). Sterna formed by two rounded sclerites located in common, less sclerotized plate, posterior margin with row of short setae.</p> <p>Measurements. Mature larva. BL 17.4–19.5 mm, PW 2.7–3.1 mm, PL 3.0–3.5 mm, width at A4 5.3–6.0 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarate, pronotum with numerous, small, slender processes at frontal and lateral margins, posterolateral angle of abdominal segments A1–A8 with two similar, small processes, A9 with urogomphi slender, long almost twice as long as segment. Pupa remaining in laterally split larval exuviae, larval head remaining undestroyed. Adults leave pupal exuviae through widely open longitudinal rupture of pronotum. Exuviae do not rupture in meso- and metanotum.</p> <p>Material examined. Larvae of different age (5–21 mm long), 78 spec., one pupa, C. Sulawesi, 20 km SE, Tambarana, Camp Mauro, 120.30.33E, 1.15.00S, 11–16.vii.1999, Bolm lgt., 500 m (LMBC, KMTC, ARWC), two larvae reared to adults.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFB9FFA94966FF46FE6DFA6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFB9FFA84915F983FBFBFDDA.text	03C8C037FFB9FFA84915F983FBFBFDDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycostomus formosanus Pic 1937	<div><p>Lycostomus formosanus Pic, 1937</p> <p>Diagnosis. Very similar to Lycostomus ferrugineus; it differs in the shape of epicranium (figures 7, 11) coloration of the dorsum, the more tuberculate pleural region of thoracic and abdominal sclerites, the spiracles T2 located on more protracted tubercles and the corresponding tubercles on pleurite T3 more apparent. Slight differences were found in degree of the longitudinal separation of tergite T1, the shape of abdominal sternites and in the transverse separation of lower pleurite.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 14.7 mm, PL 2.55 mm, PW 2.65 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, 13.v. 1975, 800 m, K. Matsuda leg. (KMTC, LMBC), two mature larvae; same data, vii.1975, 24 larvae of different stages, eight pupae, five adults (KMTC); Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Lushan Hot Springs, 1200 m, 10.v.1975, K. Matsuda lgt., two mature larvae, reared in laboratory, pupated 26–27.vii.1975, two males emerged on 7.viii.1975 (KMTC).</p> <p>Remark. The junior author collected larvae of different stages and two pupae on the surface of decaying logs of Quercus sp. and Castanopsis sp., used for growing of edible fungi, and on Lentinus edodes Sing. in Nanschachi in July. Further pupae were attached to the surface of Banbusa sp. laying on the ground.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFB9FFA84915F983FBFBFDDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA7FFB6491DFC46FE7DFE90.text	03C8C037FFA7FFB6491DFC46FE7DFE90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenia dimidiata (Fabricius 1801)	<div><p>Caenia dimidiata (Fabricius, 1801)</p> <p>This data is based on exuviae, therefore, the shape of the epicranium, the mouthparts and the structure of spiracular plates of Caenia dimidiata cannot be compared with those of Calopteron and Lycostomus.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Caenia dimidiata differs from known lycid larva by the presence of four robust, pronotal processes (figures 18, 19) and minute urogomphi (figure 13).</p> <p>Description of the last larval exuviae. Elongate, yellowish white, only terga T2–T3 and A1–A8 with two brown patches in middle. Head with deep, wide groove between antennae. Apical antennomere slender, long. Mandibles stout, as long as mala, maxillary palpi slightly longer, apical palpomere slender, long. Labial palpi minute, apical palpomere very slender, pointed. Pronotum with two complex anterolateral and two long lateral processes, segments T2–T3 and A1–A8 with long, curved, lateral to posterior processes (figures 18, 19). Segment A9 with minute urogomphi (figure 13).</p> <p>Measurements. BL 10.5 mm, PL 1.07 mm, PW 1.8 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. USA, Lucedale, Miss., 15.iv.1931, H. Dietrich, attached to adult specimen identified as Caenia dimidiata (F.), det. J. W. Green, last larval exuviae, one spec. (ZMAN).</p> <p>Remark. The exuviae are well preserved and the shape and size of many body parts are distinct. The size and shape of the thoracic and abdominal sclerites was illustrated by Böving and Craighead (1931, plate 76, figure H). and the unclear patches on the terga of exuviae correspond likely to terga longitudinally divided in two tergites. Exuviae ruptured transversally between head and pronotum, leaving the cuticle of head capsule untouched, and then laterally up to the segment A8 (figure 18).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA7FFB6491DFC46FE7DFE90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA7FFB74995FF39FB58FE86.text	03C8C037FFA7FFB74995FF39FB58FE86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calopterini Green 1949	<div><p>Calopterini</p> <p>Diagnosis. Calopteron is very similar to Lycostomus (see above). Calopteron differs in entire spiracular plates A1–A8. Caenia differs substantially from both Calopteron and Lycostomus, but only exuviae were available for the study.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA7FFB74995FF39FB58FE86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA7FFB74917FEF3FD76FC5B.text	03C8C037FFA7FFB74917FEF3FD76FC5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calopteron terminale (Say 1823)	<div><p>Calopteron terminale (Say, 1823)</p> <p>Diagnosis. The larva of Calopteron terminale is very similar to that of Lycostomus. The division of abdominal pleurites in anterior and posterior part is absent studied specimens of Calopteron. These species differs also in coloration, but the arrangement of patches found in Lycostomus formosanus is more reminiscent of Calopteron terminale (figure 14) than of Lycostomus ferrugineus (figure 1).</p> <p>Measurements. BL 17.9 mm, PL 1.9 mm, PW 1.4 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarate. Pronotum with four long tubercles at frontal margin and one tubercle in each posterolateral angle. Abdominal segments A1–A8 with two long pleural tubercles and two much shorter tubercles in posterolateral angle of dorsa. Urogomphi of A9 long, widened apically.</p> <p>Material examined. USA, Ohio, Ross Co., Tar Hollow S. F., 15.vi.1990, R. S. Miller fam., R. S. Miller det., one mature larva (LMBC); Wisconsin: Green Co., Browntown State Rec. Area, T1 N/ R6 E/ Sec. 3, 2.vii.1999, J. P. Gruber, one medium instar larva, one pupa (LMBC).</p> <p>Remark. McCabe and Johnson (1979b) described and illustrated larva of Calopteron terminale. It differs slightly from the specimens from Ohio and Wisconsin in the degree of separation of abdominal tergites A1–A8. McCabe and Johnson (1979b) did not note the membranous midline between tergites A1–A8, although it is clearly distinct in my specimen.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA7FFB74917FEF3FD76FC5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA6FFB6496CFDE0FC6EF90F.text	03C8C037FFA6FFB6496CFDE0FC6EF90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrolycus pectinifer (Kiesenwetter 1874)	<div><p>Macrolycus pectinifer (Kiesenwetter, 1874)</p> <p>Diagnosis. M. pectinifer differs from similar M. similaris in having lighter anterior and posterior angles of pronotum.</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body parallel-sided (figures 28–31). Sclerites dark brown, membranes yellowish-white, pronotum with lighter patches in anterior and posterior angles, other terga with rounded testaceous patches in middle of lateral margins. Pleural part of head membranous, border between membrane and sclerites sharp, conspicuous. One stemma in deep incision at frontolateral margin of epicranium (figure 32). Mala membranous, with two setae and several sensoria subapically, reaching to apex of antennomere 2. Prementum transverse (figures 32, 33), ventral plate extensive, well sclerotized. Pronotum transverse, rounded anteriorly, with inconspicuous, obtuse anterior angles (figure 28), pronotal tergum entire. Terga of meso- and metathorax partly divided (figure 28), light median line membranous only in frontal part, lightly sclerotized, glabrous and unpigmented posteriorly. Prosternum with short posterior process. Precoxalia separated from prosternum (figure 29). Metasternum, and mesosternum in particular reduced, sickle-like (figure 29). Mesothoracic spiracular plate extensive with well developed biforous spiracle. Terga A1–A8 partly, longitudinally divided anteriorly. Spiracle in upper sclerite, at upper margin (figure 31).</p> <p>Measurements. BL 13 mm, PL 1.9 mm, PW 3.05 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarate, pronotum with simple, bare lateral and frontal margin, spiracles A1–A8 on small, flat tubercles, segment A8 with two slender, dorsolateral processes, apical part of male genitalia visible in pupa. Very short, minute seta in anterior pronotal angles, similar seta posterior abdominal spiracles A1–A8.</p> <p>Material examined. Japan, Hyogo pref., Takarazuka city, Takedao Hot Springs, 29.x.1995, leg. K. Matsuda, seven mature larvae, reared in laboratory of the junior author, pupation on 26.iii.–29.iv.1995, one male and two females emerged 15.iv.–16.v.1995, one male pupa fixed in alcohol (KMTC, LMBC).</p> <p>Remarks. The larvae of M. pectinifer and M. similaris occurred syntopically. Males were associated with larvae by rearing. The larvae of various stages moved slowly on the surface of logs, in crevices, and in the tunnels bored by xylophagous insects in the white rotten logs of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. They were found in shaded places from April to November. The junior author observed several times larvae sucking the juices from the wet surface of logs.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA6FFB6496CFDE0FC6EF90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA5FFB54902FAC7FD5AF90F.text	03C8C037FFA5FFB54902FAC7FD5AF90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrolycus similaris Nakane 1969	<div><p>Macrolycus similaris Nakane, 1969</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. M. similaris is similar to M. pectinifer and differs in having only anterior pronotal angles testaceous.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 13.8 mm, PL 2.0 mm, PW 2.95 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Japan, Hyogo pref., Takarazuka city, Takedao Hot Springs, 29.x.1995, leg. K. Matsuda, 10 mature larvae, reared in laboratory of the junior author, pupation of eight larvae 10.iii.–5.v.1996, hatching of two males, two females, 4.iv.–19.iv.1996, mated on 30.iv.1996, oviposition on 5.v.1996, one male pupa fixed in alcohol. (KMTC, LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA5FFB54902FAC7FD5AF90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA4FFB34968FDEAFC20FB0D.text	03C8C037FFA4FFB34968FDEAFC20FB0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lygistopterus sanguineus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Lygistopterus sanguineus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lygistopterus sanguineus is easily distinguished in Europe by its characteristic shape of the abdominal segment A9 and its coloration, but these characters are shared with most members of the specious genus Calochromus Guérin Méneville. The larva of Macrolygistopterus sp. and one species of Calochromus (Bali) differ in having stick-like processes posterior to the abdominal spiracular plates.</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body almost cylindrical, subparallel (figures 34–38). Sclerites dark brown to black, abdominal segment A9 yellowish brown, urogomphi black, membranes yellowish white. Head transverse (figures 40, 41). Pleural part of epicranium sclerotized (figure 40). Ventral plate extensive, pentagonal (figure 41). Antennomere 1 transverse, compared with other lycids quite robust. Mandibles slender, sickle-like, with long seta at base. Palpifer sclerotized ventrally, membranous dorsally (figure 43). Mala sclerotized, very small, slender, attached to inner dorsal margin of palpifer, apex slightly overlaps distal margin of palpifer. Maxillary palpi slightly shorter than palpifer (figure 43). Thorax narrower than abdomen, all segments incompletely divided in two parts by very narrow, middle, longitudinal suture (figure 34). Pronotum transverse, rounded anteriorly, prosternum extensive, feebly sclerotized, precoxale closely attached to prosternum. Spiracle T2 small, almost in centre of spiracular plates (figure 36). Meso- and metasternum extensive, each with two setae. Meso- and metanotum transverse, with two setae at anterior angles (figure 34). Legs short, coxae ring-like, short (figure 39). Abdominal terga A1–A8 lacking processes (figure 37). Abdominal tergum A9 convex laterally, with numerous long setae. Urogomphi fairly long, fixed, robust (figure 37). Spiracles located inside sclerite at frontodorsal margin, small tubercle with two setae in posterior part of upper pleurite; bottom pleurites less sclerotized, each with one seta.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 9–18 mm, PL 0.53–1.1 mm, PW 1.2–2.4 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarate, slender, pronotum without any tubercles, with two fine setae at anterior margin, one seta in each anterior angle and one seta at lateral margin shortly before posterior angle. Abdomen with short conical tubercles at posterior margins of terga and longer tubercles in pleural part of A1–A8, each tubercle with two short peg-like processes, entire apex bearing numerous, very short and fine setae in apical part (magnification 180×), pleural tubercles with two to three long setae, tergal tubercles with only one seta.</p> <p>Material examined. Slovakia, Malacky. 1.v.1998, L. Bocak and M. Bocakova lgt., 16 last instar larvae, three medium instar larvae, one pupa (LMBC); several larvae were kept to pupate and the adults were reared. Poland, Warszawa-Bielany, 14.ii.1959, B. Burakowski lgt. one mature larva (LMBC). Poland, Lomna —las, 1.v.1985, leg. S. A. Slipinski, four mature larvae, one reared adult (LMBC), Bulgaria, Kosti, 11.v.2000, I. Jenis ˘ lgt., three mature larvae (LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA4FFB34968FDEAFC20FB0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA1FFB14964FE02FBF7F90F.text	03C8C037FFA1FFB14964FE02FBF7F90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyponia quadricollis (Kiesenwetter 1874)	<div><p>Lyponia quadricollis (Kiesenwetter, 1874)</p> <p>Diagnosis. L. quadricollis differs from congeneric species in the well-developed pits on terga and in anteriorly shifted light tergal patches.</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body subparallel-sided (figures 64–66). Terga dark brown, with light brown to yellow patch at anterior margin (figure 64), sternal sclerites either light yellowish-brown or only slightly infuscate. Two membranes in lateral part of epicranium (figure 70). Single large stemma on each side. Apical antennomere with slender dorsal peg-like process, as long as one half of antennomeral length (figure 69). Mandibles very long, about as long as epicranium at midline, slender, slightly curved. Palpifer slightly shorter than combined length of maxillary palpomeres. Mala firmly fused basally with palpifer, slender, long, with several setae (figures 68, 69). Labium with apparent longitudinal suture (figure 68). Ventral plate smaller, slightly wider than long (figure 68). Thoracic segments longer than abdominal ones, terga undivided, well sclerotized. Terga T1–T3 and A1–A8 with four processes, and numerous small pits in tergum (figure 64). Prosternum extensive, parallel-sided, with small, slender, posterior process. Meso- and metasternum very weakly sclerotized and pigmented (figure 65); spiracular plates T2 and T3 with functional spiracles located at upper margin (figure 66); posterior pleurites T2 and T3 inconspicuous. Legs slender, relatively long (figure 67). Abdominal segments equal in width, only A8 and A9 slightly narrower, A9 with slender, fixed urogomphi.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 13.8 mm, PL 1.6 mm, PW 2.1 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Japan, Takedao Hot Springs, Hyogo Pref., K. Matsuda lgt., 29.x.1995, two mature larvae; same data, 16.vii.1995, one mature larva, 10 medium instar larvae (KMCT, LMBC); Japan, Hyogo Pref., Kawanishi city, Tada, 5.vii.1995, K. Matsuda lgt., one mature larva, reared in the laboratory of the junior author, pupation 22.x.1995, female emerged 14.xi.1995; Japan, Nara Pref., Nosegawamura, Mt. Kojindake, 5.viii.1996, K. Matsuda lgt., one medium instar larva (KMCT).</p> <p>Remarks. The larvae of various stages were found in Takedao Hot Springs on cut surfaces of white rotten logs of the red pine, Pinus densiflora, and in crevices in logs. They sucked juices from logs from April to the end of October. The junior author twice observed the sucking of juices from red slime moulds, Myxomycetes, growing on the logs. The medium instar larva from Mt. Kojindake was collected in galleries of a rotten fruiting body of Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst growing on Japanese beech, Fagus crenata Blume, and tunnelled by Boletoxenus incurvatus (Lewis), Tenebrionidae (Matsuda, pers. obs.). The medium instar larva from Tada was moving on a blighted trunk of oak Quercus acutissima Carr. at night. The trunk was partly covered with fruiting bodies of Coriolus versicolor (Fr.).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA1FFB14964FE02FBF7F90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA0FFB04994FC74FD3DFA3C.text	03C8C037FFA0FFB04994FC74FD3DFA3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platerodini	<div><p>Platerodini</p> <p>Diagnosis. Terga tripartite, formed by small, strongly prolonged, oblong or quadrate mediotergite and two laterotergites (figure 71), precoxale fused to prosternum, abdominal segments A1–A8 with only one lateral pleurite (figure 72), A9 undivided, mostly simply rounded.</p> <p>Remarks. All lycid larvae except Plateros have two free pleurites in segments A1–A8; upper pleurits bearing spiracle (figures 36). Miller (1997) in his description of Plateros floralis Melsheimer designated the closely attached dorsolateral sclerite laterotergite and considered the upper and lower pleurites to be fused (figure 72). It is also possible, that the lower pleurite was reduced. In both cases there are two independent steps hypothesized. The arrangement of tergites and pleurites described is unique for Plateros as understood by Bocakova (2001).</p> <p>We found variability in the presence of eyes, tubercles on the surface of sclerites, and urogomphi. One group of species has abdominal sterna divided in two sclerites. These characters are described further.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA0FFB04994FC74FD3DFA3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA0FFBE49CEFA66FB3FFE50.text	03C8C037FFA0FFBE49CEFA66FB3FFE50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plateros (Newman 1838)	<div><p>Plateros (Newman, 1838)</p> <p>Description of medium instar larva. Body widest in basal part of abdomen. Sclerites brown, distinctly reticulate, membranes white. Lateral part of epicranium with lateral membranous area, one stemma in shallow incision in frontolateral part of dorsal epicranial plate. Mandibles slender apically, with long seta at base. Palpifer partly membranous dorsally, mala slender, with one short, subapical seta; maxillary palpi minute, shorter than palpifer. Ventral plate pentagonal. Terga undivided, longer than wide in segments T1–T3 and A8, approximately square in A1–A7, always with distinct rectangular angles. Laterotergites closely attached to terga, inner margin straight, lateral margins convex. Sterna T2 and T3 light, small, weakly sclerotized, with two setae. Spiracular plates T2 small, protruded to form small tubercle, spiracle on apex of tubercle. Frontal pleurite T3 well sclerotized, with lighter, partly membranous area corresponding to position of spiracle in T2. Remaining pleurites, and precoxale T2 and T3 very slightly pigmented. Abdomen with three dorsal sclerites, in pleural part single pleurite bearing spiracle on small, posterodorsal tubercle (figure 72). Tergum A9 entire, transverse, nearly oblong, without urogomphi.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 7.6 mm, total width of pronotal tergites 0.77 mm, LP 0.40 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. USA, WI: Marquette Co., Mecan River SWA, T17 N/ R10 E/Sec. 8, 8.ix.1999, Jeffrey P. Gruber, one medium instar larva (LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA0FFBE49CEFA66FB3FFE50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFADFFBD49BDFD0CFD50FC3B.text	03C8C037FFADFFBD49BDFD0CFD50FC3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erotini LeConte 1881	<div><p>Erotini</p> <p>Diagnosis. We have not found any reliable character separating Erotini from remaining Lycidae. Larvae of Erotini are mostly cylindrical or slightly dorsoventrally flattened, have well developed mala (unlike Metriorrhynchini), and do not have any processes at tergites and pleurites. The considerable variability was found in the scletotization of lateral part of epicranium, arrangement of abdominal and thoracic terga and shape of tergum A9.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFADFFBD49BDFD0CFD50FC3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFADFFBC490CFC66FB85F90F.text	03C8C037FFADFFBC490CFC66FB85F90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyropterus nigroruber (Degeer 1774)	<div><p>Pyropterus nigroruber (Degeer, 1774)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Pyropterus nigroruber is the only known representative of the Erotini having longitudinally divided terga. The divided tergum A9 without urogomphi (figure 47) was found also in Metriorrhynchinae in Xylobanus angusticollis (Motschulsky), X. kunashirensis L. N. Medvedev (Pototskaya, 1981), and Porrostoma haemorrhoidale Waterhouse. Xylobanus spp. differs in having processes in the frontal part of the tergites T1 and Porrostoma haemorrhoidale differs, in addition, by longitudinal tubercles at the posterior margins of thoracic and abdominal terga (figures 115, 118).</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body cylindrical. Sclerites light brown, membranes yellowish-white. Head transverse (figures 50–52). Pleural part of head membranous (figure 52). Eyeless. Mandibles slightly curved. Palpifer transverse, shorter than maxillary palpi, membranous dorsally. Mala slender, membranous, with short setae. Maxillary palpi with two basal palpomeres transverse, apical palpomere slender, long (figures 50, 51). Ventral plate extensive, rounded laterally. Thoracic and abdominal terga divided by longitudinal median line in two parts (figures 44, 47), thoracic pleurites small, lightly coloured. Spiracles in segment T2 located approximately in middle of spiracular plate. Prosternum longer than wide, precoxale small, slender. Meso- and metasternum transverse, triangular, with rounded caudal part (figure 45). Episterna small and moderately sclerotized, epimera inconspicuous. Legs short, robust (figure 49). Abdominal segments A1–A8 with spiracle in upper pleurite, posterior spiracle one seta. Tergum of A9 emarginate at apex.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 10.3–15.5 mm, PL 0.7–0.9 mm, PW 1.5–1.9 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Czech Republic, Moravia, Jívová, 4.v.1997, M. Bocakova and L. Bocak lgt., (LMBC) one adult reared from larva; one mature larva, Czech Republic, Český les, Výhledy, 27.v.1967, K. Hůrka lgt. (LMBC); one mature larva, Poland, Pieniny, Facimiech, 26.v.1972, leg. B. Burakowski (LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFADFFBC490CFC66FB85F90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFABFFBB4911FF38FD39FC02.text	03C8C037FFABFFBB4911FF38FD39FC02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eros humeralis (Fabricius 1801)	<div><p>Eros humeralis (Fabricius, 1801)</p> <p>Diagnosis. The larva of Eros humeralis is similar to those of Lopheros lineatus and Platycis sculptilis in sharing following characters: terga undivided, tergum A9 simply rounded, urogomphi absent. Eros humeralis has shorter, more robust mandibles than L. lineatus and P. sculptilis.</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body sub-parallel, sclerites lightly pigmented, membranes light brown. Lateral part of epicranium well sclerotized and pigmented, less sclerotized in frontal part. Eyeless. Mandibles relatively short, robust. Palpifer strongly transverse, much shorter than combined length of 3-segmented maxillary palpi. Basal maxillary palpomeres robust, slightly transverse, apical palpomere slen- der. Mala slender, slightly longer than palpifer. Prementum divided by median suture in two parts. Basal labial palpomere as long as wide, apical slender. Ventral plate transverse, rounded laterally. Terga T1–T3 and A1–A8 small, transverse, undivided. Prosternum small, narrow, triangular, precoxale T1 extensive. Sterna T2–T3 very small, weakly sclerotized and pigmented. Pleurites indistinct, spiracular sclerite T2 convex, with spiracle in middle of sclerite. Legs short, robust. Upper pleurites A1–A8 large, with flat tubercle in posterior third, spiracle anteriorly posterior third, each tubercle with one long seta. Tergum A9 simply rounded, without urogomphi.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 11.5 mm, PL 0.44 mm, PW 0.22 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarate, only one slender tubercle at posterolateral angle of pronotum, apex of tubercle densely pubescent.</p> <p>Material examined. One mature larva, one pupa. USA, WI: Dane Co., Festge Co. Park, T8 N/ R7 E/Sec. 33, larvae 27.iii.1998, pupae 10–16.iv.1998, adults 20–26.iv.1998, Michele Price (LMBC)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFABFFBB4911FF38FD39FC02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFABFFBB491EFC04FC8DFB0D.text	03C8C037FFABFFBB491EFC04FC8DFB0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lopheros lineatus (Gorham 1883)	<div><p>Lopheros lineatus (Gorham, 1883)</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. The larva of Lopheros lineatus is similar to that of Eros humeralis, with which it shares undivided terga, simply rounded tergum A9, and lack of urogomphi. Lopheros lineatus differs in having long, slender mandibles.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 12.2 mm, PL 0.79 mm, PW 1.44 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Mature larva, one spec. Poland, Puszcza Bialowieska, Oddz. 369, 17.iv.1967, leg. B. Burakowski (LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFABFFBB491EFC04FC8DFB0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFABFFBA49E2F986FCD5F90F.text	03C8C037FFABFFBA49E2F986FCD5F90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorrhynchinae Kleine 1926	<div><p>Metriorrhynchinae</p> <p>Immature stages described in literature. Conderini: Xylobanellus erythropterus</p> <p>(Baudi), first instar, mature larva and pupa, Burakowski (1988b). Metriorrhynchini: Cautires yausai Nakane, larva and pupa, incorrectly identified as Lyponia quadricollis, Hayashi (1954). Cautires yausai Nakane, incorrectly identified as C. geometricus (Kiesenwetter), Fukuda and Hayashi (1981). Cautires geometricus (Kiesenwetter), incorrectly identified as Cautires yausai Nakane, Fukuda and Hayashi (1981). Cautires nakanei (Winkler), Hayashi (1986). Xylobanus angusticollis (Motschulsky), cited as X. sutschaensis Kleine, X. kunasirensis Medvedev, and X. japonius Bourgeois, Pototskaya (1981).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFABFFBA49E2F986FCD5F90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFABFFBB4969FB55FE1DF99C.text	03C8C037FFABFFBB4969FB55FE1DF99C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudosynchonnus arrogans (Kleine 1926)	<div><p>Pseudosynchonnus arrogans (Kleine, 1926)</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. Body shape and limited sclerotization and pigmentation of tergites and pleurites reminds Pyropterus nigroruber. P. arrogans is characterized by sclerotized pleural part of cranium, well developed metathoracic spiracles, undivided thoracic and abdominal tergites, and long, fixed urogomphi.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 8.7 mm, PL 0.49 mm, PW 1.31mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Mature larva, one spec., young larva one spec., two females reared in laboratory, Indonesia, Kalimantan Tenggah, Loksado env., 600 m, Bolm lgt. (LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFABFFBB4969FB55FE1DF99C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA9FFB949ADFF39FB8BFE80.text	03C8C037FFA9FFB949ADFF39FB8BFE80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conderini Bocak & Bocakova 1990	<div><p>Conderini</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. The only known larva of Conderini, Xylobanellus erythropterus, resembles Pyropterus nigroruber in having divided terga T1–T3 and A1–A8, but it has entire abdominal tergum A9, and long, fixed urogomphi.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA9FFB949ADFF39FB8BFE80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA9FFB84960FE8AFCA8FE30.text	03C8C037FFA9FFB84960FE8AFCA8FE30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylobanellus erythropterus (Baudi 1871)	<div><p>Xylobanellus erythropterus (Baudi, 1871)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lateral part of epicranium deeply and widely emarginate in posterior half, pigmented and weakly sclerotized in anterior part (figure 82). Mandibles robust, slightly curved. Palpifer segment-like, as long as wide. Mala slender, long, membranous, each with two setae at inner margin (figure 80). Ventral plate large, rounded laterally. Cervical sclerites distinct (figure 80). Terga T1–T3 and A1–A8 large, divided by longitudinal membranous area in two tergites (figures 76, 78). Spiracular sclerite T2 small, spiracle at posteroventral margin (figure 77). Urogomphi finger-like, fixed (figure 78).</p> <p>Measurements. BL 8.8 mm, PL 0.75 mm, PW 1.3 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Poland, Puszcza Bialowieska, Oddz. 370, 29.viii.1968, leg. B. Burakowski, one medium instar larva (LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA9FFB84960FE8AFCA8FE30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA8FFB849FAFE7AFDB0FD03.text	03C8C037FFA8FFB849FAFE7AFDB0FD03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorrhynchini Kleine 1926	<div><p>Metriorrhynchini</p> <p>Diagnosis. Metriorrhynchini are characteristic in considerably reduced mala (figures 101, 104) and the presence of tergal and pleural processes of variable length (figures 83–87, 94–97, 105–112, 115–118). Considerable variability was found in the sclerotization of the lateral part of epicranium, arrangement of tergites, and shape and presence of urogomphi.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA8FFB849FAFE7AFDB0FD03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FFA8FF874921FD0BFE0BFE90.text	03C8C037FFA8FF874921FD0BFE0BFE90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cautires yausai Nakane 1969	<div><p>Cautires yausai Nakane, 1969</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. Cautires yausai is characterized by separately attached movable urogomphi, small terga and straight lateral processes of T2 and T3.</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body widest in basal part of abdomen (figures 83, 84), sclerites brown, small. Membranes extensive, yellowish-white. Lateral part of epicranium membranous. Eyes small. Mandibles slender, long, slightly curved. Mala vestigial, small membranous tubercle with apical seta present at base of palpifer. Maxillary palpi slender, slightly longer than palpifer. Labial palpi minute. Terga T1–T3 and A1–A8 divided in two small tergites (figures 83, 84). Prothoracic tergites largest, each with small anterior process. Tergites T2 and T3 simple, subquadrate. Prosternum very small, subtriangular, precoxale T1 free, triangular (figure 85). Sterna T2 and T3 small, less sclerotized. Spiracular plate T2 located on ventral side of body, small, simple, with spiracular opening at anteroventral margin, long, fingerlike, dorsal process attached independently to membrane. Posterior pleurites absent. Abdominal terga A1–A8 shallowly incised at posterolateral margin, accompanied by long stick-like process. Upper pleurites with spiracular opening at posterodorsal margin and similar process behind pleurite (figure 81). Lower pleurite much smaller. Segment A9 with small, undivided tergum and long urogomphi attached independently to membrane (figure 87).</p> <p>Measurements. BL 12.9 mm, PL 0.94 mm, PW 1.49 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarate, pronotum with long, slender processes, two at frontal and two at lateral margins, two in posterior angles, additional two shorter processes at middle of posterior pronotal margin. Abdomen with similar processes in dorsolateral part and posterior abdominal spiracles. Segment A8 with Y-shaped urogomphi. Dorsolateral processes and urogomphi pigmented, more sclerotized, with numerous minute tubercles each bearing very minute seta. Remaining tubercles soft, mostly membranous, with similar, small tubercles.</p> <p>Material examined. Japan, Hyogo Pref., Kawanishi-city, 8.iii.1978, K. Matsuda lgt., six mature larvae, (KMCT, LMBC). Japan, Kyoto Pref., Maizuru city, Mt. Yorosan, 5.v.1997, T. Ochi lgt., reared in laboratory, pupation on 3.v and 5.v.1997, one male emerged 14.v.1997, two females 17.v and 20.v.1997 (KMCT).</p> <p>Remark. Mature larvae from Kawanishi city occurred under bark of blighted red pine trunk, Pinus densiflora (Matsuda, pers. obs.). The larvae from Mt. Yorosan were collected from a decaying walnut tree, Pterocarya rhoifolia Sieb. et Zucc. (Ochi, pers. com.).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FFA8FF874921FD0BFE0BFE90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF97FF864922FE99FB3FFD93.text	03C8C037FF97FF864922FE99FB3FFD93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cautires pulcher Kleine 1926	<div><p>Cautires pulcher Kleine, 1926</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. M. pulcher differs substantially from Cautires yausai and resembles Cautires asper in general appearance. C. pulcher is charactererized within Metriorrhynchinae by entire terga, two knob-like processes at frontal margin of tergum T1, two lateral processes in segments T2 and T3, four processes at posterior margins of terga T1–T3 and A1–A8, very short, fixed urogomphi (figures 96, 97) The whole body is very weakly pigmented, cream white coloured, moderately sclerotized.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 6.7 mm, PL 1.27 mm, PW 1.82 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Two mature larvae, one reared in the laboratory to adult stage, Java, Ijen Plateau N. P., 7 km E of Sodong, 1200 m, Bolm lgt. (LMBC).</p> <p>Remark. Similar larvae were collected in Sumatra (North Sumatra Prov., Mt. Sinnabung, 1300 m, 20.ii.1998, Bolm lgt.) and Madagascar (Madagascar centr., Moramanga env., 22.xii.1996, P. Švácha). Although these specimens were not reared to the adult stage, they were collected in areas where Cautires and Xylobanus are very common representatives of Lycidae. Larvae of C. pulcher, C. asper, and the above cited unidentified larvae differ substantially from congeneric C. yausai and related Xylobanus angusticollis and X. japonicus (as described by Pototskaja, 1981).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF97FF864922FE99FB3FFD93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF96FF864937FD9AFDFCFBDD.text	03C8C037FF96FF864937FD9AFDFCFBDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cautires asper Kleine 1928	<div><p>Cautires asper Kleine, 1928</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. Cautires asper (figure 94) shares entire terga and number of tergal processes with C. pulcher. C. asper is easily recognizable by white frontal part of pronotum, brownish black rest of body, long frontolateral process of dorsal plate of epicranium, and considerably reduced lateral plate of epicranium.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 14.2 mm, PL 2.05 mm, PW 2.70 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Borneo, Sabah, km 53 Kota Kinabalu–Tambunan Rd., 1650 m, Gn Emas, 13.iv.2000, Bolm lgt., two mature larvae, one reared in the laboratory to the adult stage (LMBC).</p> <p>Remark. C. asper belongs to the characteristic group of robust Metriorrhynchinae larvae with entire terga, fixed tergal processes, and short urogomphi. These species have two lateral processes at lateral margins of segments T1–T3, one process at A1–A8, and four processes at frontal margin of pronotum. Pleurites of T1–T3 and A1–A8 bears also more or less prominent processes. Although all these processes are very variable in length, they can be unambiguously homologized. On the other side, we found a similar larva, which differs in tergites of T1–T3 separated by wide membrane (figure 95).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF96FF864937FD9AFDFCFBDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF96FF854904FBC4FD48FF51.text	03C8C037FF96FF854904FBC4FD48FF51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metanoeus pendleburyi Kleine 1932	<div><p>Metanoeus pendleburyi Kleine, 1932</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. M. pendleburyi resembles Cautires yausai and they share several unique characters: small widely separated thoracic and abdominal terga, long processes behind pleurites T1–T3 and A1–A8, and branched movable urogomphi (figures 89–92). They differ only in the shape of individual sclerites and the length of processes. C. yausai has tergal and pleural abdominal process of comparable length, M. pendleburyi has pleural processes twice as long as the tergal ones.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 11.0 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarata, slender, pronotum with numerous, stick-like processes, their length half to two-thirds of pronotal length at midline, two processes at frontal margin, three at lateral margins (anterior angle, posterior angle and middle of lateral margin), two much shorter processes at middle of posterior margin. Abdomen with similar processes, their length 50 per cent of abdomen width, very apex of projections widened, knob-like. Urogomphi Y-shaped, slender. Small setae bearing drop of liquid on many parts of body, no long setae present.</p> <p>Material examined. Borneo, Sabah, km 53 Kota Kinabalu–Tambunan Rd., 1650 m, Gn Emas, 13.iv.2000, Bolm lgt., two mature larvae, one larva pupated and hatched during transport, second pupated on 27.iv.2000, hatched 6.v.2000, larval exhuviae available (LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF96FF854904FBC4FD48FF51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF95FF844958FF59FC31FC32.text	03C8C037FF95FF844958FF59FC31FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorrhynchus thoracicus (Fabricius 1801)	<div><p>Metriorrhynchus thoracicus (Fabricius, 1801)</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. Metriorrhynchus is defined by the presence of four frontal pronotal processes (figures 105, 106), posterior tergal processes of A6–A8 (figure 107), ventral position of spiracles T2 and dorsal position of spiracles A3. M. thoracicus is characteristic by the shape of tergites A6, which bear only outer process (figure 107), all abdominal terga blackish brown.</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body parallel-sided (figures 105–108). Head, pronotum, and legs ferruginous, lateral processes of T2–T3 and A1–A6 black with white apex. Lateral processes of A7–A8 and urogomphi ferruginous, rest of body blackish brown, membranes yellowish-white. Head slightly protruded frontally (figures 101–102). Eyeless. Epicranium continuous, lateral membrane absent, with frontolateral eye incision (figure 88). Mandibles slender, extending almost to apex of maxillary palpi. Mala with two stout bristles. Terga T1–T3 and A1–A9 divided longitudinally by pale membranous median line (figures 105, 107). Pronotum with two sharp, anterior processes in each pronotal sclerites, lateral and posterior processes missing, surface glabrous. Meso- and metathorax with long lateral processes attached by membrane to anterior pleurite. Spiracles of T2 situated ventrally of lateral process. Segments A1–A8 with long, movable process attached to dorsal pleurite (figures 107, 108). Segments A1–A5 lacking tergal posterior processes, A5–A8 with processes of variable length. Segment A9 with long, complex urogomphi (figures 107, 108). Abdominal spiracles on segments A1–A8, situated in dorsal part of ventral pleurite, spiracles A7 on small gibbosity, spiracles A8 on short finger-like process.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 18.3 mm, WP 1.40 mm, LP 1.37 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. One mature larva, C. Sulawesi, Boe, 7 km of Pendolo, 750 m, 3.vii.1999, L. Bocak and M. Bocakova (LMBC), second mature larva reared in laboratory, pupation 11.viii.1999, female hatched on 26.viii.1999 (LMBC), one younger larva (BL 9.1 mm), from the same locality data (LMBC).</p> <p>Remark. All posterior tergal processes are fully developed in younger instar (size of body 9.1 mm) and they provide reliable diagnostic feature.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF95FF844958FF59FC31FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF94FF84494CFC61FC3BFA4C.text	03C8C037FF94FF84494CFC61FC3BFA4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorrhynchus philippinensis Waterhouse 1879	<div><p>Metriorrhynchus philippinensis Waterhouse, 1879</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. Very similar to the larva of Metriorrhynchus thoracicus. The shape of pronotal, lateral and tergal abdominal processes and the very complex branched urogomphi (figure 107) are as in M. thoracicus and M. lobatus (Sulawesi). M. philippinensis differs in the following characters: meso- and metanotum only at lateral margins dark brown to black, yellow in middle, lateral processes T2–T3 and A1–A6 concolourous black and in presence of four processes at posterior margin of tergum A6. The presence of four processes was found in M. lobatus (Sulawesi), which may be distinguished by the white abdominal segment A3.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 12.3 mm, PW 2.1 mm, PL 1.75 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. One medium instar larva. Philippines, Mindanao, 30 km W of Maramag, Bagong Silang vill., 1600 m, v.1996, Bolm. lgt. (LMBC).</p> <p>Remark. The identification of the larva of M. philippinensis is based on its similarity to Metriorrhynchus larvae from Sulawesi and the fact that M. philippinensis is the only member of the genus in the Philippines having a large body. The adults of M. philippinensis were collected in the same area as larva.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF94FF84494CFC61FC3BFA4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF94FF834946F9A3FB01FF70.text	03C8C037FF94FF834946F9A3FB01FF70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorrhynchus cribripennis Waterhouse 1879	<div><p>Metriorrhynchus cribripennis Waterhouse, 1879</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. Very similar to the larva of M. philippinensis. M. cribripennis differs in completely black terga T2–T3 and white apex of pleural processes A1–A6.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 14.5 mm, PW 2.5 mm, PL 2.3 mm.</p> <p>Material examined. Three mature and one medium instar larva, two adults reared in the laboratory. Bali, 8 km W of Candi Kuning, 1100 m, Bolm. lgt. (LMBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF94FF834946F9A3FB01FF70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF93FF834ABFFE92FDF6FCA1.text	03C8C037FF93FF834ABFFE92FDF6FCA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorrhynchus lobatus Bocak and Matsuda 1997	<div><p>Metriorrhynchus lobatus Bocak and Matsuda, 1997</p> <p>Differential diagnosis. As M. thoracicus described above, but having the white segment A3, except slightly pigmented spiracles A3 and middle part of lateral processes of A3, slightly wider pronotum, and four tergal posterior processes at segment A6.</p> <p>Measurements. BL 12.0–14.5 mm, PW 2.0–2.3 mm, PL 1.70–2.05 mm.</p> <p>Remarks. Three species of Metriorrhynchus thoracicus group not distinguishable as adults occur in Sulawesi (Bocak and Matsuda, 1997). The larvae of M. lobatus were collected in the same trunk as M. thoracicus. The younger larvae from the same group (BL 10–12 mm) have much smaller terga and shorter tergal, pronotal and lateral processes. They were associated with this species because of the white segment A3.</p> <p>Material examined. Ten larvae of different ages (length 6–17 mm), C. Sulawesi, Boe, 7 km of Pendolo, 750 m, 3.vii.1999, L. and M. Bocak (LMBC, ARWC, KMTC), one mature larva reared in laboratory in Olomouc, pupated on 11.iii.2000, hatched on 20.iii.2000.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF93FF834ABFFE92FDF6FCA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF92FF824927FF38FB3FFE0B.text	03C8C037FF92FF824927FF38FB3FFE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorrhynchus	<div><p>Key to Metriorrhynchus larvae</p> <p>1 Segment A3 black................... 2</p> <p>– Segment A3 white.......... M. lobatus Bocak and Matsuda</p> <p>2 Posterior margin of terga A6 with four processes.......... 3</p> <p>– Posterior margin of terga A6 with two processes... M. thoracicus (Fabricius)</p> <p>3 Meso and metanotum yellow in middle, lateral processes T2–T3 and A1–A6 concol- ourous black............ M. philippinensis Waterhouse</p> <p>– Meso and metanotum completely black, lateral processes T2–T3 and A1–A6 black basally and white apically......... M. cribripennis Waterhouse</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF92FF824927FF38FB3FFE0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF92FF82495FFE77FC9BFA5B.text	03C8C037FF92FF82495FFE77FC9BFA5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porrostoma haemorrhoidale Waterhouse. Larvae 1878	<div><p>Porrostoma haemorrhoidale Waterhouse, 1878</p> <p>Diagnosis. Porrostoma is defined within Metriorrhynchinae by the short robust processes in middle of the posterior margin of the tergites T1–T3 (figure 115), the shape of the meso-and metasternum and the longitudinally divided thoracic and abdominal terga. Porrostoma haemorrhoidale is much more slender than P. rhipidium (figures 115–119, 109–112), and has longitudinally divided tergum A9 (figure 118).</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body dark brown, tergites T1 and posterolateral parts of tergites A7–A9 brownish-yellow (figure 118), sternites T2–T3 and A1–A8 light brown, posteroventral part of segment A9 brownish-yellow. Epicranium without membranous lateral part (figure 104). Mandibles slender (figure 113). Most of dorsal part of palpifer membranous, only narrow apical sclerotized ring present. Mala vestigial, with one long seta at apex, freely attached to inner dorsal margin of palpifer. Maxillary palpi 1.5 times length of palpifer, basal palpomeres transverse, apical palpomere long, slender. Ventral plate rounded laterally (figure 104). Terga T1–T3 and A1–A9 divided by longitudinal membranous line in two tergites (figures 115, 118). Pronotum with two short, robust processes at posterior margin, following segments in addition also with small tubercle with seta in posterior angle, this tubercle gradually prolonged, finger-like in abdominal segments A4–A8. Prosternum triangular, well sclerotized, meso-and metasternum almost membranous. Spiracular plate T2 followed by membranous tubercle. Spiracle located between posterior margin of plate and apex of tubercle. Posterior pleurites T2 and T3 inconspicuous. Abdominal spiracular plates A1–A8 with long, membranous tubercle, posterior tubercle small sclerite. Segment A9 emarginate at apex (figure 119).</p> <p>Measurements. BL 12.2 mm, PW 1.75 mm PL 1.15 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarate, slender, pronotum with six short, triangular tubercles at frontal and posterior angles and in middle part of lateral margin, each tubercle bearing one long seta. Terga A1–A8 with long tubercles in posterior angles and two much smaller, slender tubercles at posterior margin, each segment with long tubercle in pleural part, each tubercle with subapically situated long seta.</p> <p>Material examined. Australia, Lake St. Clair, TAS, 750 m, 25–27.i.1980, J. Lawrence and T. Weir, 25 larvae of various stages, one pupa and four adults (CSIRO); note: under bark and in rotten logs.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF92FF82495FFE77FC9BFA5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
03C8C037FF92FF81496DFA46FB61FA8D.text	03C8C037FF92FF81496DFA46FB61FA8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porrostoma rhipidium (W. MacLeay 1827)	<div><p>Porrostoma rhipidium (W. MacLeay, 1827)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Robust, wide body and undivided tergum A9 distinguish P. rhipidium from P. haemorrhoidale, which has very similar shape of the meso- and metasterna.</p> <p>Description of mature larva. Body robust, nearly oval, widest at base of abdomen, strongly flattened dorsoventrally, strongly sclerotized, segmental membranes very narrow. Sclerites dark brown to black, their surface finely tuberculate, prosternum and trochanters light brown to ochre, membranes light brown, longitudinal membrane between thoracic and abdominal tergites partly sclerotized. Thoracic membranes smooth, abdominal membranes apparently tuberculate. Lateral parts of epicranium almost membranous in posterior two thirds, separating partly dorsal and ventral plates. Apical half of palpifer completely sclerotized. Mala with two setae. Terga T1–T3 and A1–A8 apparently divided by median line in two tergites; membrane partly sclerotized and well pigmented, differing in structure and bordered by line of small tubercles at inner margins of tergites. Tergites T1–T3 and A1–A8 with two (T1) or four (remaining ones) posterior processes (figures 109, 111). Meso- and metasternum weakly sclerotized, but extensive (figure 116). Spiracular plate with small, single, weakly sclerotized and pigmented tubercle behind middle. Spiracle anteriorly tubercle. Abdominal spiracular plates of A1–A8 with yellowish, finger like tubercles. Spiracles subapical, in frontoventral part of tubercle. Tergum A9 entire, emarginate at apex, with very short urogomphi (figure 112).</p> <p>Measurements. Mature larva. BL 16.5–20.3 mm, PL 2.1–2.6 mm, PW 3.3–4.6 mm, width of A4 5.9–7.9 mm.</p> <p>Pupa. Exarate, pronotum with four, long tubercles at frontal margin and single, long tubercle at each posterolateral angle. Spiracles T2 and A1–A8 located at apex of long slender tubercle. Tubercle T2 simple, tubercles A1–A8 Y-shaped, spiracle at upper process. Abdominal terga with four slender processes at posterior margin, corresponding with those found in larvae (figures 109, 111), urogomphi short, slender.</p> <p>Material examined. Australia, Tugrong, 21.x.1971, under stone, two mature larvae, three pupae, one adult, bred in laboratory (CSIRO); NSW, Warrumbungle, 4.xi.1982, one larva, one pupa, two adults (CSIRO); Australia, ACT, vii.1973, K. Oswald, six larvae, one adult (CSIRO); Canberra ACT, coll. under Euc. bark, iii.1989, one larva, one pupa, two adults, reared from larvae, adult ix.1989, C. Reid (CSIRO).</p> <p>Ecdysis. The last larval instar and pupal exuviae were available. The cuticle of the larval head remained entire. The head was withdrawn from the cuticle through the connection between the head and thorax. The thoracic and abdominal segments shed the cuticle after a rupture of the lateral part. The tergites remained firmly connected. The pupal cuticle of the head ruptured along the longitudinal line from the clypeus to the vertex and further along the median longitudinal ecdysial line on the thorax. The cuticle of the abdomen is much softer than the thoracic cuticle and remained partly undamaged and firmly attached to the abdominal segments.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C037FF92FF81496DFA46FB61FA8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	BOCAK, L.;MATSUDA, K.	BOCAK, L., MATSUDA, K. (2003): Review of the immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 37 (12): 1463-1507, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125362, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930210125362
