taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C8020FFFBAFFE282E9DD78FCEFFA35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adult small (266 – 340 µm), light brown, with typical characters of Cosmochthonius (for adult see also Penttinen & Gordeeva 2005). Seta c 3 inserted on lateral border of plate Na (Figs 1, 2). Setae of e - series with 12 – 13 pairs of cilia, those of f - series shorter (Table 1), with 10 – 11 pairs of cilia. Whole body covered with reticulate, porous cerotegument, cerotegumental collar absent. Cuticle with polygonal or hexagonal foveae in SEM micrographs, reticulate in light microscopy (Fig. 2). Genital plate larger than anal plate, with 10 pairs of setae, six of which inserted on inner border of plate (Fig. 3). Formulae of setae (+ solenidia) of legs (trochanter to tarsus) as follows: I – 0 - 5 - 5 - (6 + 1) - (19 + 1), II – 1 - 6 - 5 - (6 + 1) - (17 + 1); III – 2 - 3 - 4 - (4 + 1) - 15; IV – 2 - 3 - 4 - (4 + 1) - 14. Tarsus I bidactyle, tarsi II – IV tridactyle. Larva unpigmented, nymphs light brown. Most prodorsal setae bushy, sensillus with long, barbed head. Gastronotum with three transverse scissures. Larva with 14 pairs of gastronotal setae, nymphs with 16 pairs. Setae of e - and f - series hypertrophied, and pinnate; other setae distinctly shorter and barbed. Hypertrophied setae of larva with 6 – 7 pairs of cilia, those of nymphs with 8 – 9 pairs. Other morphological characters of juveniles given in Table 2.	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
03C8020FFFBAFFE282E9DD78FCEFFA35.taxon	description	Description of larva and tritonymph: Larva small (Table 1), unpigmented, often distended in alcohol samples. Prodorsum relatively long, subtriangular, with wide rounded rostrum, with small, thin fenestrate areas (Fig. 4). Prodorsal setae ro, le, in and exs bushy, curved, usually uniramous, spines single or bifurcate; seta exi distinctly shorter and rather smooth (Fig. 5 A). Bothridium rounded, sensillus slightly curved, and with long, narrow, barbed head. Species Morphological characters L PN DN TN AD C. reticulatus Body length 160 243 264 330 330 Body width 96 120 136 182 173 Length of: sensillus 48 51 58 65 67 seta c 1 22 24 38 43 50 seta c 3 21 16 32 42 45 seta cp 25 32 45 52 53 seta d 1 17 13 15 17 31 seta d 2 23 22 22 23 35 seta e 1 63 73 103 144 176 seta f 1 54 64 92 136 162 genital opening Nd 22 35 48 82 analopening 23 30 42 55 50 C. foliatus Body length 149 182 198 231 297 Body width 88 102 112 120 152 Length of: sensillus 48 51 62 72 65 seta c 1 22 24 37 42 39 seta c 3 22 17 30 33 39 seta cp 25 17 41 51 57 seta d 1 17 15 15 21 29 seta d 2 25 22 25 27 39 seta e 1 60 75 103 126 168 seta f 1 51 65 83 112 146 genital opening Nd 21 32 40 70 analopening 20 32 39 45 54 C. ugamaensis Bodylength 159 211 244 310 304 Body width 96 125 144 188 153 Length of: sensillus 49 56 63 64 63 seta c 1 17 27 33 45 50 seta c 3 20 15 29 37 49 seta cp 27 27 39 48 55 seta d 1 17 18 20 23 31 seta d 2 18 20 25 32 46 seta e 1 60 87 95 133 155 seta f 1 49 70 87 109 143 genital opening Nd 20 28 51 70 analopening 22 26 35 46 54	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
03C8020FFFBAFFE282E9DD78FCEFFA35.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: Cosmochthonius reticulatus is a Mediterranean occidental species (Subías 2004, 2011), with type-locality in Périgueux city, north-west of Bordeaux, France (Grandjean 1947 b). According to Travé (1956, 1984) this species prefers warm, south-slope biotopes in pine forests (Pinus alepensis Mill.), but it is not very common. Pérez-Iñigo and Peña (1995) found it in soil with mosses, while Mahunka and Mahunka-Papp (2003, 2010) recorded C. reticulatus from dead tree trunk and oak forest. Penttinen and Gordeeva (2009) found this species more frequently in litter under juniper [Juniperus macrocarpa (Sibth. & Sm.)] in Lesvos (Greece), and under cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) and oak trees (Quercus coccifera L.) in Rhodes (Greece), and also under juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb) in Ukraine, and considered it common in the eastern Mediterranean area. Karasawa and Hijii (2004 a) found C. reticulatus on tree branches in a typical mangrove forest about 4.5 m high, with dominant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. and rare Rhizophora stylosa Griff in the Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Interestingly, these adults were slightly smaller (Karasawa & Hijii 2004 b) than those investigated here. Karasawa et al. (2005) also found C. reticulatus in window traps mounted above the soil and at canopy level. This species was abundant in cypress tree litter near Villa del Casale (Central Sicilia, Italy, N 37 ° 21 ’ 52, E 14 ° 20 ’ 04, 538 m a. s. l.), achieving on May 27 of 2009 a density of 1,903 individuals per 500 cm 3, with a large fraction of juveniles (62.7 % of population), including larvae (27.5 % of juveniles).	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
03C8020FFFB0FFF982E9DD8DFA34F878.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adult small (279 – 325 µm), light brown. Seta c 3 hardly reaching seta cp, and inserted on lateral border of plate Na (Figs 11, 12). Setae of e - and f - series with 23 – 25 pairs of cilia, and 22 – 24 pairs, respectively (Table 2). Cerotegument thick, with small holes (seen in SEM; Penttinen & Gordeeva 2005); cuticle with shallow, rounded and sub-equal foveae (Fig. 12). Cerotegumental collar present. Genital plate with 10 pair of setae, six pairs inserted on inner border of genital plate (Fig. 13 A). Formulae of leg setae and solenidia, and number of claws as in C. reticulatus. Juveniles similar to those of C. reticulatus, but setae of e - and f - series with more cilia (larva 10 – 11 pairs, nymphs 19 – 23 pairs) than in C. reticulatus.	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
03C8020FFFB0FFF982E9DD8DFA34F878.taxon	description	Description of larva and tritonymph: Shape of larva (Figs 14, 15 A), prodorsal setae, bothridium, and sensillus as in C. reticulatus. Gastronotal setae similar to those of C. reticulatus, but hypertrophied setae with 10 – 11 pairs of cilia. Cupules ia, im, ip and ih located as in C. reticulatus. Shape of body, setae, bothridium and sensillus of tritonymph (Figs 15 B, 16) as in C. reticulatus, but hypertrophied setae with 19 – 23 pairs of cilia (Figs 8 B, 16). Setae p 1 and h - series bushy, p 1 and h 1 thicker than h 2 and h 3 (Fig. 10 B). Cupules ia, im, ip, ih, ips and iad located as in C. reticulatus. Ontogenetic transformations of C. foliatus, and shape of tibia and tarsus I, solenidia φ and ω, and famulus ε as in C. ponticus (see Seniczak & Seniczak 2009 a). FIGURE 9. Fragment of plates Na and Nm 1, scale bars 10 μm. (A) Cosmochthonius reticulatus; (B) C. foliatus; (C) C. ugamaensis; (D) C. ponticus.	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
03C8020FFFB0FFF982E9DD8DFA34F878.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: Cosmochthonius foliatus is a Mediterranean occidental species (Subías 2004, 2011). It is considered common in the western Mediterranean (Gil et al. 1991, Penttinen & Gordeeva 2009), but was also found in oak litter (Quercus pubescens Willd.) in the Ukraine. Pérez-Iñigo jr. (1990) considred this species xerophilous; it was found in sandy soil covered with herbs (Pérez-Iñigo & Peña 1995). We found this species rather abundant (102 indiv. per 500 cm 3) in cypress litter in coastal Santa Susana (Costa Brava, North-East Spain, N 41 ° 37.26 ’, E 2 ° 43.24 ’, 4 m a. s. l.), where juveniles comprised 38.2 % of the population. Figure 11. Cosmochthonius foliatus, adult. (A) Notogaster with cerotegument, scale bar 50 μm; (B) fragment of pygidium. Figure 12. Cosmochthonius foliatus, adult. (A) Notogaster, cerotegument removed, scale bar 50 μm; (B) fragment of pygidium.	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
03C8020FFFAEFFFF82E9D8FAFA90F8D6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adult small (290 – 304 µm), light brown, with characters of Cosmochthonius. Seta c 3 reaching seta cp, and distinctly removed from lateral border of plate Na (Fig. 17). Setae of e - series with 16 – 18 pairs of cilia, setae of f - series with 13 – 14 pairs (Table 2). In SEM micrographs structure of cerotegument of pygidium resembles lichen thallus (Figs 18 A – C), in light microscope as small circles and semicircles (Fig. 17). Genital plate with 10 pair of setae, with seven pairs inserted on inner border (Fig. 13 B). Formulae of leg setae and solenidia, and number of claws as in C. reticulatus. Morphology of juveniles as in C. reticulatus, but hypertrophied setae with distinctly more cilia on setae of e - and f - series (larva 11 – 16 pairs of cilia, nymphs 11 – 15 pairs). With more cilia on larval setae of e - series than in C. foliatus, but fewer on nymphal setae of e - and f - series.	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
03C8020FFFAEFFFF82E9D8FAFA90F8D6.taxon	description	Description of larva and tritonymph: Shape of larva (Figs 19, 20 A), prodorsal setae, bothridium, sensillus, and gastronotal setae as in C. reticulatus, but hypertrophied seta with more cilia (e - series with 15 – 16 pairs of cilia, f - series with 11 – 12 pairs). Cupules ia, im, ip and ih located as in C. reticulatus. Shape of body, setae, bothridium and sensillus of tritonymph of C. ugamaensis (Figs 20 B, 21) as in C. reticulatus, but setae of e - series with 14 – 15 pairs of cilia, and setae of f - series with 11 – 13 pairs (Figs 21, 22). Basal cilia of setae of f - series longer than those of e - series, and setae p 1 and h 1 thicker than h 2 and h 3 (Figs 10 C, 20 B). Cupules ia, im, ip, ih, ips and iad located as in C. reticulatus. Ontogenetic transformations of C. ugamaensis, and shape of tibia and tarsus I, solenidia φ and ω, and famulus ε as in C. ponticus (see Seniczak & Seniczak 2009 a).	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
03C8020FFFAEFFFF82E9D8FAFA90F8D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: Cosmochthonius ugamaensis is considered an Asian centro-occidental species (Subías 2004, 2011), but this species was also found by Penttinen and Gordeeva (2009) to be rather abundant in litter of olive woodland (Olea europea L.) in Greece (Lesvos Island, N 39 ° 21.32, E 26 ° 17.95, 520 m a. s. l.).	en	Seniczak, Stanisław, Penttinen, Ritva, Seniczak, Anna (2011): The ontogeny of morphological traits in three European species of Cosmochthonius Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Oribatida: Cosmochthoniidae). Zootaxa 3034: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278726
