taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616	FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H.	FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884622	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884626	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884628	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884630	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884632/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884632	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884624/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884624	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616	FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H.	FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884614/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884614	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2C5750FF6EDD91FC18FD49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDC13FB8AFA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616	FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H.	FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDC13FB8AFA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDB00FB20F845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884622	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDB00FB20F845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884624/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884624	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDB00FB20F845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884626	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDB00FB20F845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884628	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB285754FF6EDD91FD89FD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884622	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB285754FF6EDD91FD89FD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884624/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884624	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB285755FF6EDB69FE80FEE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884632/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884632	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB295755FF6ED9CEFB26F967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884616/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884616	FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H.	FIGURE 2. Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype).A, Antenna; B, palpus; C, cibarium (dorsal view); D, proboscis (lateral view); E, fore tarsus; F, abdomen (dorsal view); G, legs; H, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensilla; s c, sensilla campaniformia; s-I–IV, sternites I–IV; t-I–IV, tergites I–IV. Character states are indicated in the form of ‘character No.-state code’. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–D; 0.5 mm in E–H.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB36574AFF6EDF2DFC52FA82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB37574BFF6EDFFAFAB1F92B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884622	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB37574BFF6EDFFAFAB1F92B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884614/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884614	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB375749FF6EDBDAFD7CFF7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884622	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB355749FF6ED95DFCFDF831.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884630	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB32574EFF6ED958FCAAF969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884624/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884624	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB32574EFF6ED958FCAAF969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884630	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB32574EFF6EDD91FCFDFC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB32574EFF6EDD91FCFDFC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884622	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB32574CFF6EDA1DFCE0FE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884624/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884624	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	FIGURE 5. Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati & Fartyal, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (frontal view); B, abdominal sternites; C, periphallic organs (caudal view); D, E, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in C–E; 0.5 mm in A, B.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB30574CFF6ED981FD87F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884634	FIGURE 10. Evolutionary changes in the bilateral structure of male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima, estimated by mapping three states (white: symmetry, S; red: directional asymmetry, DA; and yellow; antisymmetry, AS) of three organs (circle: postgonites on the aedeagal sheath; square: the hypandrium; and triangle: the aedeagal median rod) on the tree resulting from the cladistic analysis II. The states of asymmetry at the terminal species are indicated along with the number of individuals of A- or B-type (see description of each species for the definition of these types); when five or more specimens exhibited A- or B-type fixed asymmetry, we regarded it as DA, but as ambiguous DA or AS if the number of specimens was less than five.	FIGURE 10. Evolutionary changes in the bilateral structure of male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima, estimated by mapping three states (white: symmetry, S; red: directional asymmetry, DA; and yellow; antisymmetry, AS) of three organs (circle: postgonites on the aedeagal sheath; square: the hypandrium; and triangle: the aedeagal median rod) on the tree resulting from the cladistic analysis II. The states of asymmetry at the terminal species are indicated along with the number of individuals of A- or B-type (see description of each species for the definition of these types); when five or more specimens exhibited A- or B-type fixed asymmetry, we regarded it as DA, but as ambiguous DA or AS if the number of specimens was less than five.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB30574CFF6ED981FD87F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884614/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884614	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB30574CFF6ED981FD87F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884628	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB30574CFF6ED981FD87F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884626	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB30574CFF6EDF2DFEC3FB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884626	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB30574CFF6EDF2DFEC3FB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884628	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB31574DFF6EDE29FD75F931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884626	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB31574DFF6EDE29FD75F931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884614/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884614	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB315740FF6EDBE5FB6AFECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884628	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3C5740FF6EDCB1FE74FB09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884632/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884632	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3C5740FF6EDCB1FE74FB09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884626	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3C5740FF6EDCB1FE74FB09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884630	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3D5741FF6EDE9CFD4BF9CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884626	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3D5741FF6EDE9CFD4BF9CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884622	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 4. Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Bänziger, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Antenna; B, periphallic organs (cau- dolateral view); C, aedeagus, phallapodeme, hypandrium and pregonite (lateral view); D, aedeagal sheath, postgonites, hypandrium and pregonites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3D5746FF6EDBA2FC7CFDC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884628	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	FIGURE 7. Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov. (♂ holotype). A, Head (caudal view); B, frons; C, antenna; D, abdominal sternites; E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); F, postgonites (anteroventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral and ventral views, respectively). Abbreviations: dl t a, dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; pocl s, postocular setae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B, C, E–H; 0.5 mm in A, D.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3D5746FF6EDBA2FC7CFDC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884634	FIGURE 10. Evolutionary changes in the bilateral structure of male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima, estimated by mapping three states (white: symmetry, S; red: directional asymmetry, DA; and yellow; antisymmetry, AS) of three organs (circle: postgonites on the aedeagal sheath; square: the hypandrium; and triangle: the aedeagal median rod) on the tree resulting from the cladistic analysis II. The states of asymmetry at the terminal species are indicated along with the number of individuals of A- or B-type (see description of each species for the definition of these types); when five or more specimens exhibited A- or B-type fixed asymmetry, we regarded it as DA, but as ambiguous DA or AS if the number of specimens was less than five.	FIGURE 10. Evolutionary changes in the bilateral structure of male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima, estimated by mapping three states (white: symmetry, S; red: directional asymmetry, DA; and yellow; antisymmetry, AS) of three organs (circle: postgonites on the aedeagal sheath; square: the hypandrium; and triangle: the aedeagal median rod) on the tree resulting from the cladistic analysis II. The states of asymmetry at the terminal species are indicated along with the number of individuals of A- or B-type (see description of each species for the definition of these types); when five or more specimens exhibited A- or B-type fixed asymmetry, we regarded it as DA, but as ambiguous DA or AS if the number of specimens was less than five.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3D5746FF6EDBA2FC7CFDC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884626	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	FIGURE 6. Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov. (A–G; ♂ paratype) and Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Wen, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, prementum; C, abdominal sternites; D, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); E, phal- lic organs (lateral view); F, aedeagal sheath and aedeagal median rod (ventral view); G, hypandrium, pregonites and aedeagus (ventral view); H, aedeagus and aedeagal sheath (A-type; ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, B, D–H; 0.5 mm in C.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3A5746FF6EDB06FB9EF872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884630	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3B5747FF6EDE19FD75F921.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884630	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	FIGURE 8. Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Antenna; B, posterior portion of scutum (dorsal view); C, medial and posterior sensilla on cibarium (dorsal view); D, fore tarsus; E, abdominal sternites; F, habitus (ventral view); G, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); H, aedeagus and postgonites; I–K, phallic organs (lateral, ventral and ventrolateral views, respectively; B-type). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A, C, D, G–K; 0.5 mm in B, E, F.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB3B5744FF6EDBD5FA65FEE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884632/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884632	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB395745FF6EDD91FEEDFCD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884614/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884614	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	FIGURE 1. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis I (PAUP* v4.0a166) of the data matrix of 40 spp. × 66 morphological characters (Appendix 1) for the genus Phortica (especially focusing on the subgenus Ashima). Synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support values (bootstrap frequency %).	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB395745FF6EDD91FEEDFCD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884632/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884632	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB06577BFF6EDC9DFB65FCBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884632/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884632	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	FIGURE 9. Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov. (♂ paratype). A, Head (caudal view); B, antenna; C, palpus and prob- ocsis; D, prementum; E, abdominal sternites; F, periphallic organs (caudolateral view); G–I, phallic organs (lateral, ventrolateral and ventral views, respectively). Scale bars: 0.1 mm in B–D, F–I; 0.5 mm in A, E.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB07577BFF6EDE61FBB8F949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
03C86C16EB045778FF6EDF65FE53FB4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3884620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884620	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 3. Phortica (Phortica) pappi (Tsacas & Okada, 1983) (A; ♂ from Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia), Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen, 2008 (B, C; ♂ holotype), Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov. (D–G; ♂ ho- lotype) and Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda, 2005 (H; ♂ paratype from Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, China). A, B, D, Periphallic organs (caudolateral view in A and D; caudal view in B); C, pregonites and hypandrial phragma (ventral view); E, surstylus; F, phallic organs (ventral view); G, H, phallic organs (lateral view). Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; aed m r, aedeagal median rod; aed s, aedeagal sheath; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd ph, hypandrial phragma; phap, phallapodeme; phap pr, posterior rod-like process of phallapodeme; preg, pregonite; postg, postgonite; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2020-06-08	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru		Zenodo	biologists	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru			
