identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C86C16EB2E5752FF6ED9FAFEF4F9CE.text	03C86C16EB2E5752FF6ED9FAFEF4F9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica Schiner 1862	<div><p>Genus Phortica Schiner, 1862</p><p>Phortica Schiner, 1862: 433 (as genus); Máca, 2003: 251; Bächli et al., 2004: 70; Chen et al., 2005a: 3953. Type species: Drosophila variegata Fallén, 1823 .</p><p>Phortica (as subgenus of Amiota Loew): Wheeler, 1952: 167; Okada, 1971: 96; Máca, 1977: 116.</p><p>Diagnosis. Ocellar tubercle with additional pair of setulae below ocellar setae; proclinate orbital seta nearer to inner vertical seta than to ptilinal fissure; palpus with hollow-shaped or depressed sense organ (modified from Chen et al. 2005a).</p><p>Characters commonly seen across the genus were described by Chen et al. (2005a), and therefore are not repeated here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2E5752FF6ED9FAFEF4F9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.text	03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) Chen 2011	<div><p>Subgenus Ashima Chen, 2011</p><p>Ashima Chen in Cao et al., 2011: 682 (as subgenus of Phortica); Gong et al., 2018: 438. Type species: Phortica xyleboriphaga Senior-White, 1921 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Projections at anterolateral corners of the cibarium longer than 1/2 width of cibarial, anterior margin (ch.10-1; Fig. 2C); mid-dorsally constricted epandrium (ch.29-1; Figs 3B,D, 4B, 6D, 7E, 8G, 9F); less sclerotized, broad lobe-like surstylus (ch.34-1; Figs 3E, 4B, 5C, 6D, 7E, 9F); hypandrium with a pair of anterolateral, inward extensions articulated to base of pregonite (ch.42-1; Figs 3C,F, 4D, 5E, 6G, 7F, 8J, 9I).</p><p>Shared characters. Characters described as commonly seen across this subgenus (the Phortica foliiseta species complex at that time) by Chen et al. (2005b) are not repeated here. Occipital setae on lower portion shorter than postocular setae (ch.2-0; Figs 7A, 9A). Pedicel with only 1 thick seta (ch.4-0; Figs 2A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7C, 8A, 9B). Clypeus medially pale (ch.8-1; Fig. 8F). Lateral membrane of proboscis scale-like patterned (ch.13-1; Fig. 2D). Prominent postpronotal seta 1. Epandrium not extended at anteroventral corner (ch.30-1; Figs 3D, 4B, 6D, 7E, 8G, 9F). Surstylus completely or largely covered with epandrium (ch.36-1; Figs 4B, 7E, 8G, 9F), with pubescence (ch.38-0; Figs 3E, 4B, 5C, 6D, 7E). Cercus longer than twice of width (ch.39-0; Figs 3B,D, 4B, 5C, 6D, 7E, 8G, 9F). Pregonite articulated to tip of aedeagal guide (ch.54-1; Figs 3G, 4I, 5G, 6E, 7G, 8D, 9C), without sensilla on apical portion (ch.51-0; Figs 3G,H, 4C, 5D, 6E, 7G, 8I, 9G). Phallapodeme vertically flat plate, with posterior, rod-like process apically articulated to aedeagal median rod (ch.60,61-1; Figs 3G,H, 4C, 5D, 6E, 7G, 8I). Aedeagal sheath with more or less sclerotized postgonite(s) (ch.64-1; Figs 3 F–H, 4D, 5D,E, 6F,H, 7F, 8I–K, 9G–I).</p><p>Key. The digital, multiple-entry key “ Ashima ( Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica)” to all species of this subgenus has been constructed largely based on the character matrix of Appendix 1, and its database package including software instructions is available from the following website: https://drive.google.com/open?id=10ht68FhP1DJDg h2T33kZn7I2ro8YGGX0.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2E5753FF6EDBBEFE55FD01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811.text	03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>1. Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata species group, new</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal, median rod distally diffentiated into two strongly sclerotized, asymmetric pieces (ch.58-4; Fig. 3F); arista with 4 or more ventral branches (ch.6-0; Fig. 2A); hypandrial phragma broader than lateral gonocoxites (ch.41-0; Fig. 3F).</p><p>Shared characters. Some interfrontal setulae as long as lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-0). Arista apically without leaf-like expansion (ch.7-0); longest, dorsal branch longer than longest seta on pedicel (Fig. 2A). Cibarial, medial sensilla all trichoid, apically pointed (ch.11-0; Fig. 2C). Prementum without pubescent patches (ch.12-0). Pseudotracheae in labellum 6 per side (ch.14-2; Fig. 2D). Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-1). Mid and hind femora with gray patch submedially or largely dark brown (ch.16-1; Fig. 2G); all tibia with dark gray ring(s) or largely dark brown (ch.17,18,19-1; Fig. 2G). Apical, downward curved setula on fore tarsomere V neither thicker than surrounding setulae nor longer than tarsomere V (ch.20-0; Fig. 2E). Caudal bands on tergites III and IV medially interrupted/constricted (ch.21-2; Fig. 2F). Abdominal sternites III–V longer than wide; III not wider than IV; setulae on medial surface of III–V not so dense (ch.22–24,26–28-0; Fig. 2H). Epandrium widely round on ventral margin (ch.31-1; Fig. 3D); setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium not denser than those on other portions (ch.32-0; Fig. 3D), longer than others (ch.33- 1; Fig. 3D). Surstylus without expansion at caudoventral corner (ch.35-0; Fig. 3E), with peg-like teeth (ch.37-0; Fig. 3E). Hypandrium symmetric (ch.40-0; Fig. 3F). Pregonite (Fig. 3G,H) partly strongly sclerotized (ch.43-0), rod-like, with apical knob (ch.44-1), apically narrowing basal extension nearly rectangular to main body (ch.49-1) and sensilla on submedial and basal portions (ch.52,53-1) but no serration on ventrodistal portion (ch.50-0); apical knob without fine serrations (ch.45-0), ventrosubapically protruded, forming apically pointed barbule (ch.46,47-0). Aedeagal, outer membrane bearing neither spiny ornamentation nor apical, long, narrow tube (ch.55-1, ch.57-0; Fig. 3 F–H). Posterior, rod-like process of phallapodeme not longer than aedeagal median rod (ch.62-0; Fig. 3G,H). Aedeagal sheath and/or postgonites asymmetric (ch.63-1; Fig. 3F). Aedeagal sheath without lateral lobe(s) bearing strongly sclerotized postgonites (ch.65-0; Fig. 3G,H).</p><p>Included species. Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata; P. (A.) eseta Chen; P. (A.) qingsongi An &amp; Chen*; P. (A.) xishuangbanna Cheng &amp; Chen; and P. (A.) efragmentata sp. nov. * The assignment was judged from the original description by An et al. (2015).</p><p>Remarks. This species group first branched off in the subgenus Ashima (Fig. 1), retaining a number of plesiomorphic characters such as the plumose (with 5 and 4 or more dorsal and ventral branches, respectively; ch.5,6-0) arista but lacking the apical, leaf-like expansion (ch.7-0), cibarial, medial sensilla all trichoid, apically pointed (ch.11-0), the fore tarsomere V apically without specially developed, downward curved setula (ch.20-0), and the abdominal sternites III–V small, not so conspicuously differentiated in shape and setation from each other (ch.22– 24,26–28-0).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2F5753FF6EDFF4FEC3F811	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB2C5750FF6EDD91FC18FD49.text	03C86C16EB2C5750FF6EDD91FC18FD49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen & Toda 2005	<div><p>1) Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda, 2005</p><p>(Fig. 3H)</p><p>Phortica afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda in Chen et al., 2005b: 421 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) afoliolata: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal sheath ventro-apically with a pair of strongly sclerotized postgonites much shorter than bifurcated pieces of aedeagal median rod (Fig. 3H); aedeagus with free sclerite within outer membrane (ch.59-1; Fig. 3H).</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae 18–20. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly longer than 1/2 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb (dorsal/ventral branches of arista) = 7–9/4–7. Palpus with hollow-shaped sense organ. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side; posterior sensilla 6–7 per side. All tarsi entirely yellow.</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 1♂ paratype, 4♂, Jianfeng, Ledong County, Hainan, 21.ix.1993, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂, ditto, except 22.ix.1993 (SEHU); 5♂ paratypes, ditto, except 25.ix.1993 (SEHU) . Myanmar: 1♂ paratype, Yangon, 14.i.1982, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) . Laos: 2♂, near Vang Vieng, 27.vii.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan, Hainan), Myanmar, Laos *. * New record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2C5750FF6EDD91FC18FD49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB2C5750FF6EDE20FC7FFA7D.text	03C86C16EB2C5750FF6EDE20FC7FFA7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) xishuangbanna Cheng & Chen 2008	<div><p>2) Phortica (Ashima) xishuangbanna Cheng &amp; Chen, 2008</p><p>Phortica (Phortica) xishuangbanna Cheng &amp; Chen in Cheng et al., 2008: 617 .</p><p>Phortica afoliolata Chen &amp; Toda in Chen et al., 2005b: 421 (part, misidentification).</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) xishuangbanna: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal sheath ventro-apically with a pair of strongly sclerotized postgonites as long as bifurcated processes of aedeagal median rod.</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 17. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly longer than 1/2 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 5–6/5. Palpus with hollow-shaped sense organ. Cibarial, medial sensilla 8–9 per side; posterior sensilla 5–6 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V. Aedeagus with free sclerite within outer membrane (ch.59-1).</p><p>Specimen examined. Thailand: 1♂, above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 6.i.2008, H. Bän- ziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂, Tonluong Temple, Chiang Dao District, Chiang Mai, ~ 700 m a.s.l., 22.ii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p><p>Remarks. This species is closely related to the foregoing species, P. afoliolata, as having been misidentified to be the latter by Chen et al. (2005b). However, Cheng et al. (2008) found two distinct forms included in the paratypes of P. afoliolata and described one of them as a new species, i.e. P. xishuangbanna . These two species can be clearly distinguished from each other by the diagnoses revised in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2C5750FF6EDE20FC7FFA7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB2C5751FF6EDB14FAB4FF7D.text	03C86C16EB2C5751FF6EDB14FAB4FF7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) eseta Chen in Chen & Maca 2012	<div><p>3) Phortica (Ashima) eseta Chen, 2012</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) eseta Chen in Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 495 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Palpus concave on subapicolateral surface (ch.9-1); cibarial, medial sensilla 65–69 in 3–4 irregular rows per side; postgonites forming large, somewhat triangular plate (in ventral view); two pieces of aedeagal median rod not bifurcated; aedeagal free sclerite C-shaped, larger than median rod.</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 20–21. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 4/5 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 6/4–5. Cibarial, posterior sensilla approximately 5 per side. All tarsi entirely yellow.</p><p>Specimens examined. Malaysia: holotype ♂, Poring, Sabah, 30.xii.1998, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 2♂ paratypes, 1♂, Ulu Senagang, Crocker Range, Sabah, 18.x.1999, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 2♂, Tawau, Sabah, 17.iii.2002, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 3♂, Deramakot, Sabah, 22–31.ii.2004, K. Akutsu leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂ paratype, Kubah, Sarawak, 21.i.1999, M.J. Toda leg. (FRCK) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah).</p><p>Remarks. This species is peculiar in the diagnostic characters among the species of the afoliolata group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2C5751FF6EDB14FAB4FF7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDC13FB8AFA69.text	03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDC13FB8AFA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>4) Phortica (Ashima) efragmentata Toda, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2, 3 D–G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Posterior piece of aedeagal median rod widely bifurcated (Fig. 3F); aedeagal free sclerite absent (ch.59- 0; Fig. 3F).</p><p>Description. Supracervical setae 18–19. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 3/4 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme.Arista with arb = 8/4 (Fig. 2A). Palpus with hollow-shaped sense organ (Fig. 2B). Cibarial, medial sensilla 12–17 per side; posterior sensilla 6–7 per side (Fig. 2C). All tarsi entirely yellow (Fig. 2G); fore tarsomere I as long as 3 succeeding tarsomeres together; mid one slightly longer than rest tarsomeres together; hind one as long as rest together. Aedeagal sheath ventro-apically with a pair of strongly sclerotized postgonites much smaller than bifurcated pieces of aedeagal median rod (Fig. 3F).</p><p>Measurements (holotype, in mm): BL (straight distance from anterior edge of pedicel to tip of abdomen) = 3.65, ThL (distance from anterior notal margin to apex of scutellum) = 1.56, WL (distance from humeral cross vein to wing apex) = 2.46, WW (maximum wing width) = 1.08.</p><p>Indices (holotype, in ratio): FW/HW (frontal width/head width) = 0.44, ch/o (maximum width of gena/maximum diameter of eye) = 0.08, prorb (proclinate orbital seta length/posterior reclinate orbital seta length) = 1.78, rcorb (anterior reclinate orbital seta length /posterior reclinate orbital seta length) = 0.91, vb (subvibrissal seta length /vibrissa length) = 0.30, dcl (anterior dorsocentral seta length/posterior dorsocentral seta length) = (n/a), presctl (prescutellar seta length /posterior dorsocentral seta length) = 0.52, sctl (basal scutellar seta length /apical scutellar seta length) = (n/a), sterno (anterior katepisternal seta length/posterior katepisternal seta length) = (n/a), orbito (distance between proclinate and posterior reclinate orbital setae/distance between inner vertical and posterior reclinate orbital setae) = 2.08, dcp (distance between ipsilateral dorsocentral setae/distance between anterior dorsocentral setae) = 0.24, sctlp (distance between ipsilateral scutellar setae/distance between apical scutellar setae) = 1.20, C (2nd costal section between subcostal break and R 2+3 /3rd costal section between R 2+3 and R 4+5) = 2.35, 4c (3rd costal section between R 2+3 and R 4+5 /M 1 between r-m and dm-cu) = 1.50, 4v (M 1 between dm-cu and wing margin/M 1 between r-m and dm-cu) = 3.03, 5x (CuA 1 between dm-cu and wing margin/dm-cu between M 1 and CuA 1) = 1.00, ac (3rd costal section between R 2+3 and R 4+5 /distance between distal ends of R 4+5 and M 1) = 3.88, M (CuA 1 between dm-cu and wing margin/M 1 between r-m and dm-cu) = 0.66, C3F [length of heavy setation in 3rd costal section/(length of heavy setation in 3rd costal section+length of light setation in 3rd costal section)] = 0.71.</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (SEHU), “ Ulu Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, 8.xii.2013, M.J. Toda ”.</p><p>Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. afoliolata in having the small postgonites (Fig. 3 F–H), but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the lack of free sclerite within aedeagal outer membrane.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDC13FB8AFA69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDB00FB20F845.text	03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDB00FB20F845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta Duda (Duda 1923	<div><p>2. Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta species group, new</p><p>Diagnosis. Pregonital, apical knob with fine serrations (ch.45-1; Figs 4C, 5D) and round barbule (ch.46-0, 47-1; Figs 4C, 5D, 6E, 7G).</p><p>Shared characters. Palpus with hollow-shaped sense organ (ch.9-2). Some anterior, cibarial, medial sensilla short, apically blunt, peg-like (ch.11-1). Pseudotracheae in labellum 6 per side (ch.14-2). Mid and hind femora and hind tibia entirely yellow (ch.16,19-0). Epandrium widely round on ventral margin (ch.31-1; Figs 4B, 5C, 6D, 7E); setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium not denser than those on other portions (ch.32-0; Figs 4B, 5C, 6D, 7E). Hypandrium symmetric (ch.40-0; Figs 4D, 5E, 6G, 7H). Pregonite (Fig. 4C, 5D, 6E, 7G) partly strongly sclerotized (ch.43-0), rod-like, with apical knob (ch.44-1) and sensilla only on basal portion (ch.53-1) but no serration on ventrodistal portion (ch.50-0). Aedeagal, outer membrane without apical, long, narrow tube (ch.57-0; Figs 5D, 6E, 7G); aedeagal free sclerite absent (ch.59-0; Figs 5D,E, 6E,G, 7G,H). Aedeagal sheath and/or postgonites asymmetric (ch.63-1; Figs 4D, 5E, 6F, 7F).</p><p>Included taxa. Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta species subgroup; and P. (A.) tanabei subgroup.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB2D5751FF6EDB00FB20F845	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB285754FF6EDE1CFD47F9B7.text	03C86C16EB285754FF6EDE1CFD47F9B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) biclavata Chen in Chen & Maca 2012	<div><p>5) Phortica (Ashima) biclavata Chen, 2012</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) biclavata Chen in Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 499 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal sheath with submedial and anterior, sclerotized, marginally serrated postgonites on left lateral lobe (“Fig. 18” in Chen &amp; Máca 2012).</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae 15–17. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Some interfrontal setulae as long as lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-0). Arista with neither dorsal nor ventral branches (ch.5,6-2); apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically tapering, slightly serrated on apical margin. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–9 per side; posterior sensilla 4–6 per side. Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-1). Fore and mid tibiae entirely yellow (ch.17,18-0); all tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V. Abdominal sternite III wider than long (ch.22-1), widest among sternites (ch.23-1), with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-1); IV and V wider than long (ch.24,25-1). Surstylus without expansion at caudoventral corner (ch.35-0). Pregonite not concave on dorsosubapical margin of apical knob (ch.48-0). Sclerotized postgonites on lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath medially separated from each other (ch.66-0).</p><p>Specimens examined. Myanmar: ♂ holotype, Yangon, 14.i.1982, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU); 2♂ paratypes, ditto (SEHU); 2♂ paratypes, ditto, except 10.i.1982 (SEHU); 4♂ paratypes, ditto, except 11–15.i.1982 (SEHU); 4♂ para- types, Mandalay, 26.xii.1981 – 4.i.1982, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) . Thailand: 1♂, near Tonluong Temple, Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai, 700 m a.s.l., 22.ii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂, ditto, except 6.xi.2008 (SEHU) . Laos: 1♂, path to Phousi, Luang Prabang, 26.vii.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Myanmar, Thailand *, Laos *.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB285754FF6EDE1CFD47F9B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB285754FF6EDD91FD89FD65.text	03C86C16EB285754FF6EDD91FD89FD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta Duda (Duda 1923	<div><p>2.1. Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta species subgroup, new</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus without peg-like teeth (ch.37-1; Figs 4B, 5C); pregonite basally with recurved, apically truncate extension (ch.49-3; Figs 4C, 5D); posterior, rod-like process of phallapodeme longer than aedeagal median rod (ch.62-1; Figs 4C, 5D).</p><p>Shared characters. Prementum without pubescent patches (ch.12-0). Setulae on medial surface of abdominal sternites IV and V not so dense (ch.27,28-0; Fig. 5B). Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium longer than others (ch.33-1; Figs 4B, 5C). Aedeagal, outer membrane without spiny ornamentation (ch.55-1; Fig. 5D,E); aedeagal, median rod less sclerotized (ch.58-2; Fig. 5D). Aedeagal sheath with lateral lobes bearing strongly sclerotized postgonites (ch.65-1; Figs 4D, 5E).</p><p>Included taxa. Phortica (Ashima) biclavata Chen; P. (A.) dianmianensis Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen; P. (A.) foliisetoides Chen &amp; Toda; P. (A.) libo Zhu, Qin &amp; Chen*; P. (A.) menglian Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen*; P. (A.) nakanoi Chen; P. (A.) phyllochaeta; P. (A.) sagittaristula Chen &amp; Wen; P. (A.) saltiaristula Chen &amp; Wen; P. (A.) symmetria *; P. (A.) xyleboriphaga *; P. (A.) yalianae Zhu, Qin &amp; Chen*; P. (A.) yiqini Zhu, Qin &amp; Chen*; and P. (A.) foliiseta species complex. * The assignment was judged from the original descriptions by Senior-White (1921), Chen et al. (2005b), Zhu et al. (2017) and Gong et al. (2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB285754FF6EDD91FD89FD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB285755FF6EDB69FE80FEE9.text	03C86C16EB285755FF6EDB69FE80FEE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) phyllochaeta (Tsacas & Okada 1983)	<div><p>6) Phortica (Ashima) phyllochaeta (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983)</p><p>Amiota (Phortica) phyllochaeta Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983: 231 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) phyllochaeta: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal sheath with two sclerotized, marginally serrated postgonites on anterior portion of left lateral lobe (“ Fig. 9 ” in Tsacas &amp; Okada 1983).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. biclavata). Supracervical setae 12–14. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 2/5 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla 9–11 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side.</p><p>Specimen examined. Papua New Guinea: 1♂ paratype, Wau, Morobe district, 1,200 m a.s.l., 18.iii.1977, T. Okada leg. (NSMT) .</p><p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Remarks. This species closely resembles the foregoing species, P. biclavata, in having the aedeagal sheath with two marginally serrated postgonites on left lateral lobe and one anterior, large, marginally serrated postgonite and posterior, small, not serrated one on right lobe. However, these two species can be distinguished from each other by their diagnoses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB285755FF6EDB69FE80FEE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB295755FF6EDC9DFDF7FBDF.text	03C86C16EB295755FF6EDC9DFDF7FBDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) foliisetoides Chen & Toda 2005	<div><p>7) Phortica (Ashima) foliisetoides Chen &amp; Toda, 2005</p><p>Phortica foliisetoides Chen &amp; Toda in Chen et al., 2005b: 423 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) foliisetoides: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15- 1); anterior, sclerotized postgonite on right lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath bifurcated into short and long projections (“Fig. 13” in Chen et al. 2005b).</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 9. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Some interfrontal setulae longer than lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-2). Arista with neither dorsal nor ventral branches (ch.5,6-2); apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically tapering and pointed. Cibarial, medial sensilla 4–7 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 7 per side. Fore femur entirely yellow; fore and mid tibiae entirely yellow (ch.17,18-0); all tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V. Abdominal sternite III wider than long (ch.22-1), widest among sternites (ch.23-1), with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-1); IV and V wider than long (ch.24,25-1). Surstylus expanded at caudoventral corner (ch.35-1). Pregonite not concave on dorsosubapical margin of apical knob (ch.48-0), gently curved ventrad distally. Posterior postgonites on lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath medially separated from each other (ch.66-0), both apically roundish; right one less sclerotized (“Figs 12, 13” in Chen et al. 2005b).</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 4♂ paratypes, Jianfengling, Ledong County, Hainan, 21.ix.1993, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 5♂ paratypes, 2♂, ditto, except 22.ix.1993 (SEHU); 21♂, ditto, except 25.ix.1993 (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Hainan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB295755FF6EDC9DFDF7FBDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB295755FF6ED9CEFB26F967.text	03C86C16EB295755FF6ED9CEFB26F967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) sagittaristula Chen & Wen in Chen et al. 2005	<div><p>8) Phortica (Ashima) sagittaristula Chen &amp; Wen, 2005</p><p>Phortica sagittaristula Chen &amp; Wen in Chen et al., 2005a: 3954 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) sagittaristula: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae as short as other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-0); anterior, sclerotized postgonite on right lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath bifurcated into subequal, long projections (“ Fig. 2C ” in Chen et al. 2005a).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliisetoides). Supracervical setae approximately 9. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side.</p><p>Specimens examined. Malaysia: 1♂, Ulu Gombak, Selangor, 8.xii.2013, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) . Indonesia: 1♂, Bogor, West Java, 13–18.xi.2009, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Guangxi, Yunnan), Peninsular Malaysia *, Java*.</p><p>Remarks. This species is closely related to the foregoing species, P. foliisetoides, in the molecular phylogeny reconstructed by Cao et al. (2011), but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB295755FF6ED9CEFB26F967	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB29574AFF6EDA1AFDC0FE79.text	03C86C16EB29574AFF6EDA1AFDC0FE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) dianmianensis Gong, Zhu & Chen 2018	<div><p>9) Phortica (Ashima) dianmianensis Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2018</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) dianmianensis Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2018: 439 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Apical, leaf-like expansion of arista roundish apically; surstylus without expansion at caudoventral corner (ch.35-0); anterior postgonites with 5 and 3 acutely pointed, narrowly triangular, flap-like projections on left and right lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath, respectively (“Fig. 20” in Gong et al. 2018).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliisetoides). Supracervical setae 12–14. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 7 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 5 per side. Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae as short as other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-0).</p><p>Specimen examined. Thailand: 1♂, Chaiprakan, Chiang Mai, 18.x.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂, Ton- luong Temple, Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai, 6.xi.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. sagittaristula in having the setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae as short as other acrostichal setulae and both posterior postgonites apically roundish, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB29574AFF6EDA1AFDC0FE79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB36574AFF6ED872FB48F801.text	03C86C16EB36574AFF6ED872FB48F801.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) nakanoi Chen in Chen & Maca 2012	<div><p>11) Phortica (Ashima) nakanoi Chen, 2012</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) nakanoi Chen in Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 497 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal sheath with the following sclerotized postgonites: anterior one longest and strongly curved ventrad, and posterior one minute and apically pointed on left lateral lobe; anterior one broadest, somewhat triangular and gently curved ventrad, and posterior one long and apically pointed on right lateral lobe (“Figs 13, 14” in Chen &amp; Máca 2012).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliisetoides). Supracervical setae approximately 14. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side; posterior sensilla 6–7 per side. Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae as short as other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-0).</p><p>Specimen examined. Indonesia: 3♂ paratypes, Padang, West Sumatra, 11.xii.1989, S. Nakano leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Sumatra.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. saltiaristula in having both posterior postgonites apically pointed and neither anterior one bifurcated, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB36574AFF6ED872FB48F801	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB36574AFF6EDF2DFC52FA82.text	03C86C16EB36574AFF6EDF2DFC52FA82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) saltiaristula Chen & Wen in Chen et al. 2005	<div><p>10) Phortica (Ashima) saltiaristula Chen &amp; Wen, 2005</p><p>Phortica saltiaristula Chen &amp; Wen in Chen et al., 2005a: 3956 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) saltiaristula: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with 1 or 2 minute, dorsal branches basally (ch.5-1) and apical, leaf-like expansion roundish and irregularly serrated on apical margin; setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-1); pregonite slightly concave on dorsosubapical margin of apical knob (ch.48-1), strongly curved ventrad distally (“ Fig. 3D ” in Chen et al. 2005a); anterior, sclerotized postgonite on right lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath not bifurcated (“ Fig. 3C ” in Chen et al. 2005a); posterior postgonites both strongly sclerotized and apically pointed (“ Fig. 3C ” in Chen et al. 2005a).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliisetoides). Supracervical setae 8–9. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 5 per side. Anterior postgonite on left lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath broadest, located subapically.</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 1♂ paratype, Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 940 m a.s.l., 25.xii.2003, S.- Y. Wen and H.-W. Chen leg. (SEHU) . Thailand: 1♂, path to Bung La U O, Ban Thi Pho Ji, Umphang Distr., Tak Prov., ~ 800 m a.s.l., 22.i.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 2♂, Ban Jom Khiri, Amphoe Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai, 19.xi.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p><p>Remarks. This species is closely related to P. foliisetoides and P. sagittaristula (Cao et al. 2011; An et al. 2015), but can be distinguished from them by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB36574AFF6EDF2DFC52FA82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB37574BFF6EDFFAFAB1F92B.text	03C86C16EB37574BFF6EDFFAFAB1F92B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta Duda (Duda 1923	<div><p>12) Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta Duda, 1923</p><p>Phortica foliiseta Duda, 1923: 35; Chen et al., 2005b: 420.</p><p>Amiota (Phortica) foliiseta: Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983: 230 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) foliiseta: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 3/4 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme; longest, dorsal branch of arista as long as longest seta on pedicel; each lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath with apically more or less pointed, sclerotized, anterior and posterior postgonites (“ Fig. 4 ” in Tsacas &amp; Okada 1983).</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 12. Some interfrontal setulae as long as lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-0). Arista with arb = 1–2/0; apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically tapering and pointed (ch.7-1). Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 7 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side. Fore and mid tibiae entirely yellow (ch.17,18-0). All tarsi entirely yellow. Abdominal sternite III longer than wide (ch.22-0), not wider than IV (ch.23-0), without dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-0). Pregonite gently curved ventrad distally. Posterior postgonites on lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath medially separated from each other (ch.66-0).</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the right, posterior postgonite is slightly curved but the left one nearly straight, and the right, anterior postgonite is thicker than the left one (“ Fig. 4 ” in Tsacas &amp; Okada 1983); but in B-type, vice versa.</p><p>Specimens examined. Taiwan: 2♂ (A-type), Shanlinxi, 16.x.1992, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 3♂ (B-type), Shan- linxi, 15–16.x.1992, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU); 1♂ (A-type), Wulai, 8.x.1992, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) . China: 1♂ (Btype), Dinghushan, Guangdong, 4–10.iii.1987, T.- X. Peng leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Taiwan, China (Guangdong), Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. This species and the subsequent three species form a cluster (BP = 88%) with three synapomorphies (Fig. 1): abdominal sternite III longer than wide (ch.22-0), not wider than IV (ch.23-0), without dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-0). However, this species can be distinguished from them by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB37574BFF6EDFFAFAB1F92B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB375749FF6EDBDAFD7CFF7D.text	03C86C16EB375749FF6EDBDAFD7CFF7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda & Banziger 2020	<div><p>13) Phortica (Ashima) andreagigoni Toda &amp; Bänziger, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Diagnosis. Some interfrontal setulae longer than lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-2); arista without apical expansion (ch.7-0; Fig. 4A); pregonite strongly curved ventrad distally (Fig. 4C); posterior postgonites on lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath medially fused to each other (ch.66-1; Fig. 4D); left and right lateral lobes of aedeagal sheath with 1 and 2 anterior, somewhat triangular, plate-like postgonites, respectively (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Description (not repeating characters common to P. foliiseta). Supracervical setae 14–15. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 2/3 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Longest, dorsal branch of arista shorter than longest seta on pedicel (Fig. 4A). Fore and hind tarsomere Is slightly longer than 3 succeeding tarsomeres together; mid one as long as rest tarsomeres together.</p><p>Measurements (holotype, in mm): BL = 3.69, ThL = 1.51, WL = 2.46, WW = 1.10.</p><p>Indices (holotype, in ratio): FW/HW = 0.46, ch/o = 0.07, prorb = 1.26, rcorb = 0.53, vb = 0.29, dcl = 0.55, presctl = 0.46, sctl = (n/a), sterno = 1.00, orbito = 2.37, dcp = 0.33, sctlp = 1.32, C = 2.01, 4c = 1.69, 4v = 2.99, 5x = 0.97, ac = 3.45, M = 0.64, C3F = 0.58.</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (SEHU), “ Chang Khian Stream gully, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 800 m a.s.l., 5.vii.2009, H. Bänziger ”.</p><p>Distribution. Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. foliiseta within the cluster of the four species, in having the dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme ≥ 2/3 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme (ch.1-0), but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p><p>Etymology. Composite patronym with which H.B. wants to honor Prof. Dr.Andrea Gigon for his friendship and creation of the Blue Lists (Gigon et al. 2000).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB375749FF6EDBDAFD7CFF7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB355749FF6ED95DFCFDF831.text	03C86C16EB355749FF6ED95DFCFDF831.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) nudiarista Cheng & Chen 2008	<div><p>15) Phortica (Ashima) nudiarista Cheng &amp; Chen, 2008</p><p>Phortica (Phortica) nudiarista Cheng &amp; Chen in Cheng et al., 2008: 619 .</p><p>Phortica brachychaeta Chen &amp; Toda in Chen et al., 2005b: 422 (part, misidentification).</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) nudiarista: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista apically with distinct, leaf-like expansion narrower than long and apically tapering and pointed but neither dorsal nor ventral branches (“ Fig. 8 ” in Cheng et al. 2008); one lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath with 2 anterior postgonites widely separated; the other lateral lobe with 1 posterior and 1 anterior postgonites (“Fig. 11” in Cheng et al. 2008).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. pavriarista). Supracervical setae 9–11. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 9 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 5 per side.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the left lateral lobe bears 2 anterior postgonites, and the right lobe 1 posterior and 1 anterior postgonites (“Fig. 11” in Cheng et al. 2008); but in B-type, vice versa.</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 1♂ (B-type), Zhengxing, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24.vii.2009 (SEHU) . Thailand: 1♂ (B-type), above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 24.vii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂ (Atype), above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 9.i.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂ (B-type), path to Pha Lad, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 5.x.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂ (B-type), path to Bung La U O, Ban Thi Pho Ji, Umphang Distr., Tak, ~ 800 m, 22.i.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) . Malaysia: 1♂ (B-type), Ulu Gombak, Selangor, 9.xii.2013, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) . India: 1♂ (B-type), Uttarakhand, Chamoli Distr., Simli ( Narainbagar), 5.ix.2010, P.C. Sati leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *, Peninsular Malaysia *, India (Uttarakhand)*.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. pavriarista in the morphology of the aedeagal sheath and postgonites, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB355749FF6ED95DFCFDF831	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB355749FF6EDC21FD62FBA9.text	03C86C16EB355749FF6EDC21FD62FBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) pavriarista Cheng & Chen 2008	<div><p>14) Phortica (Ashima) pavriarista Cheng &amp; Chen, 2008</p><p>Phortica (Phortica) pavriarista Cheng &amp; Chen in Cheng et al., 2008: 620 .</p><p>Phortica speculum (Maca &amp; Lin, 1993): Chen et al., 2005b: 420 (part, misidentification).</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) pavriarista: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista only very slightly expanded apically (“Fig. 14” in Cheng et al. 2008); all postgonites strongly sclerotized, apically more or less pointed; posterior postgonite on only one lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath; lateral lobes submedially separated from each other; one lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath with 2 relatively close anterior postgonites (“Fig. 17” in Cheng et al. 2008).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. foliiseta). Supracervical setae 12–14. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Longest, dorsal branch of arista shorter than longest seta on pedicel. Cibarial, medial sensilla 9–10 per side; posterior sensilla 4–6 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomere V.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the left lateral lobe bears 2 anterior postgonites, and the right lobe 1 posterior and 1 anterior postgonites (“Fig. 17” in Cheng et al. 2008); but in B-type, vice versa.</p><p>Specimen examined. Thailand: 1♂ (B-type), above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 6.i.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. andreagigoni in having the less expanded apex of arista, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB355749FF6EDC21FD62FBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB32574EFF6ED958FCAAF969.text	03C86C16EB32574EFF6ED958FCAAF969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) brachychaeta Chen & Toda 2005	<div><p>17) Phortica (Ashima) brachychaeta Chen &amp; Toda, 2005</p><p>Phortica brachychaeta Chen &amp; Toda in Chen et al., 2005b: 422 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) brachychaeta: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista apically with somewhat triangular, leaf-like expansion but neither dorsal nor ventral branches (“ Fig. 5 ” in Chen et al. 2005b); all postgonites nearly straight in ventral view; posterior postgonite apically pointed, as long as anterior ones; 2 anterior postgonites on one lateral lobe nearly parallel (“ Fig. 8 ” in Chen et al. 2005b).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. speculum). Supracervical setae 14–16. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 8 per side; posterior sensilla 6–7 per side.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the left lateral lobe bears 2 anterior postgonites, and the right lobe 1 posterior and 1 anterior postgonites; but in B-type, vice versa (“ Fig. 8 ” in Chen et al. 2005b).</p><p>Specimen examined. Thailand: 1♂ (B-type), Chang Khian Stream gully, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, ~ 1,100 m a.s.l., 13.ii.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Guangdong, Yunnan), Thailand *.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. speculum within the foliiseta complex, in having the abdominal sternite III wider than long (ch.22-1), widest among sternites (ch.23-1), and with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-1), but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB32574EFF6ED958FCAAF969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB32574EFF6EDD91FCFDFC54.text	03C86C16EB32574EFF6EDD91FCFDFC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) speculum (Maca & Lin 1993)	<div><p>16) Phortica (Ashima) speculum (Máca &amp; Lin, 1993)</p><p>Amiota (Phortica) speculum Máca &amp; Lin, 1993b: 172 .</p><p>Phortica speculum: Chen et al., 2005b: 420 .</p><p>Phortica (Phortica) speculum: Cheng et al., 2008: 621 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) speculum: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista apically with distinct, leaf-like expansion narrower than long and apically tapering and pointed and 2–3 long and 1–3 minute branches dorsally and ventrally, respectively; longest, dorsal branch longer than longest seta on pedicel [“Fig. 19 (mislabeled as 18 on the plate)” in Cheng et al. 2008]; posterior postgonite apically blunt.</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. pavriarista). Supracervical setae 8–11. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly longer than 1/2 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 8 per side; posterior sensilla 6–7 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V. Abdominal sternite III wider than long (ch.22-1), widest among sternites (ch.23-1), with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-1).</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the left lateral lobe bears 2 anterior postgonites, and the right lobe 1 posterior and 1 anterior postgonites (the holotype; “ Fig. 3 ” in Máca &amp; Lin 1993b); but in B-type, vice versa (“ Fig. 4 ” in Máca &amp; Lin 1993b).</p><p>Specimens examined. Japan: 1♂ (A-type), Iriomote, Ryukyu Is., x.1994, M. T . Kimura leg. (SEHU) . China: 1♂ (A-type), Mt. Emei, Sichuan, 550 m a.s.l., 18.vii.1992, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Ryukyu Is., Taiwan, China (Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan).</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. pavriarista in the morphology of the aedeagal sheath and postgonites, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB32574EFF6EDD91FCFDFC54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB32574CFF6EDA1DFCE0FE79.text	03C86C16EB32574CFF6EDA1DFCE0FE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) watabei Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>18) Phortica (Ashima) watabei Sati &amp; Fartyal, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Diagnosis. Apical expansion of arista 1/4 as wide as long, apically tapering and pointed (Fig. 5A); fore and mid tibiae with dark gray rings proximally and distally (ch.17,18-1); posterior postgonite slightly curved outward, 1/2 as long as anterior one on the same lateral lobe; 2 anterior postgonites on the other lateral lobe widely divergent (Fig. 5E).</p><p>Description (not repeating characters common to P. brachychaeta). Supracervical setae 7–10. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 7 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 7 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V; all tarsomere Is slightly longer than 3 succeeding tarsomeres together.</p><p>Measurements (holotype / 1♂ paratype, in mm): BL = (n/a)/2.06, ThL = 1.27/1.42, WL = 2.50/2.52, WW = 1.13/1.14.</p><p>Indices (holotype / 1♂ paratype, in ratio): FW/HW = 0.41/0.48, ch/o = 0.11/0.09, prorb = 1.17/1.43, rcorb = 0.83/0.53, vb = (n/a)/0.36, dcl = 0.57/0.42, presctl = (n/a)/0.51, sctl = 1.20/1.00, sterno = 0.88/0.92, orbito = 2.00/2.37, dcp = 0.18/0.27, sctlp = 1.50/1.08, C = 2.60/2.31, 4c = (n/a)/1.68, 4v = 2.35/3.11, 5x = 0.75/1.09, ac = 3.10/2.58, M = (n/a)/0.76, C3F = 0.60/0.51.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the left lateral lobe bears 2 anterior postgonites, and the right lobe 1 posterior and 1 anterior postgonites; but in B-type, vice versa (Fig. 5E).</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (A-type) (DZHNBGU), “ Simli (Narainbagar), Chamoli Distr., Uttarakhand, India, 5.ix.2010, P.C. Sati ”.</p><p>Paratype. India: 1♂ (B-type), same data as the holotype (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. India (Uttarakhand).</p><p>Remarks. This species is unique in having the fore and mid tibiae with gray color rings (ch.17,18-1) within the foliiseta subgroup, and somewhat resembles P. brachychaeta in the morphology of the aedeagal sheath and postgonites, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p><p>Etymology. Patronym, in honor of Emeritus Prof. Hideaki Watabe, Hokkaido University of Education, who has long contributed to the taxonomy of Asian drosophilids.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB32574CFF6EDA1DFCE0FE79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB30574CFF6ED981FD87F88C.text	03C86C16EB30574CFF6ED981FD87F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) mediarista Chen in Chen & Maca 2012	<div><p>19) Phortica (Ashima) mediarista Chen, 2012</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) mediarista Chen in Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 496 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with arb = 8/7–8 (ch.5,6-0); longest, dorsal branch longer than longest seta on pedicel; apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically tapering and with long, awn-like projection.</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 16. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly longer than 1/2 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla 6–7 per side; posterior sensilla 6–7 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V. Setulae on medial surface of abdominal sternites IV and V not so dense (ch.27,28-0). Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium longer than others (ch.33-1). Surstylus with peg-like teeth (ch.37-0). Aedeagal, median rod less sclerotized (ch.58-2), looking like looped submedially [the corresponding portion labeled ‘aed a’ (aedeagal apodeme) in “ Fig. 10 ” of Chen &amp; Máca 2012].</p><p>Specimens examined. Malaysia: holotype ♂, Mahua, Crocker Range, Sabah, 16.x.1999, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU); 6♂, same data as the holotype, except 5.viii.2003 (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo (Sabah).</p><p>Remarks. This species first branched off in the tanabei subgroup (Fig. 1). The remaining three species form a cluster (BP = 82%) with two synapomorphies (Fig. 1): dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme ≥ 2/3 basal, parallel por- tion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme (ch.1-0; Fig. 7A); and setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium not longer than others (ch.33-0; Figs 6D, 7E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB30574CFF6ED981FD87F88C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB30574CFF6EDF2DFEC3FB9D.text	03C86C16EB30574CFF6EDF2DFEC3FB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) tanabai Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>2.2. Phortica (Ashima) tanabai species subgroup, new</p><p>Diagnosis. Prementum with a pair of patches of pubescence (ch.12-1; Fig. 6B); aedeagal, outer membrane ornamented with somewhat long, conical spines (ch.55-0, ch.56-2; Figs 6E,G, 7G,H).</p><p>Shared characters. Some interfrontal setulae as long as lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-0; Fig. 7B). Arista apically with leaf-like expansion (ch.7-1; Figs 6A, 7C). Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-1). Fore and mid tibiae entirely yellow (ch.17,18-0). Abdominal sternites III–V wider than long (ch.22,24,25-1; Figs 6C, 7D); III widest among sternites (ch.23-1; Figs 6C, 7D), with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-1; Figs 6C, 7D). Pregonite not concave on dorsosubapical margin of apical knob (ch.48-0; Figs 6E, 7G), without basal extension (ch.49-0; Figs 6E, 7G). Posterior, rod-like process of phallapodeme not longer than aedeagal median rod (ch.62-0; Fig. 6E). Aedeagal sheath without lateral lobes bearing strongly sclerotized postgonites (ch.65-0; Figs 6F, 7F).</p><p>Included species. Phortica (Ashima) huiluoi Cheng &amp; Chen *; P. (A.) mediarista; P. (A.) tanabei; P. (A.) akutsui sp. nov.; and P. (A.) halimunensis sp. nov. * The assignment was judged from the original description by Cheng et al. (2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB30574CFF6EDF2DFEC3FB9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB30574DFF6EDA7FFADEFD65.text	03C86C16EB30574DFF6EDA7FFADEFD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) tanabei Chen & Toda 2005	<div><p>20) Phortica (Ashima) tanabei Chen &amp; Toda, 2005</p><p>Phortica tanabei Chen &amp; Toda in Chen et al., 2005b: 427 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) tanabei: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal, median rod distally diffentiated into asymmetric piece strongly sclerotized and apically hooked like anchor (ch.58-3; “Fig. 32” in Chen et al. 2005b).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. mediarista). Supracervical setae approximately 13. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 2/3 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 1–3/0–3. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 6 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomere V. Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium not longer than others (ch.33-0).</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 20♂, Jianfeng, Ledong, Hainan, 23–24.ix.1993, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; Malay- sia: 2♂ paratypes, Mahua, Crocker Range, Sabah, 16.x.1999, M.J. Toda leg. (KPSP) ; 3♂, ditto, except 5.viii.2003 (SEHU); 2♂ paratype, Park Headquarters, Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, 27.xii.1998, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 20♂ paratypes, ditto, except 11–23.iii.1999 (KPSP, BORN); 11♂ paratypes, ditto, except 1–10.x.1999, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU); 2♂ paratypes 1♂, ditto, except 7.iii.2000 (SEHU) . Myanmar: 2♂ paratypes, Pyinoolwin, 30.xii.1981 – 6.i.1982, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) . Thailand: 1♂, above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 9.i.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂, Doi Suthep – Pui Pha Lad, Chiang Mai, 620 m a.s.l., 9.iv.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂, Chang Khian Hmong Village, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,340 m a.s.l., 2.ii.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Myanmar, Borneo (Sabah), Thailand *.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB30574DFF6EDA7FFADEFD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB31574DFF6EDE29FD75F931.text	03C86C16EB31574DFF6EDE29FD75F931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>21) Phortica (Ashima) halimunensis Toda, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Diagnosis. Apical piece of aedeagal, median rod small and flat plate (Fig. 6E,F).</p><p>Description (not repeating characters common to P. tanabei). Supracervical setae 8–11. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly shorter than basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 1–2/1; apical, leaf-like expansion apically somewhat roundish and with short, awn-like projection (Fig. 6A). Cibarial, medial sensilla 5–6 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 5 per side. Fore and hind tarsomere Is as long as 3 succeeding tarsomeres together; mid one slightly longer than rest tarsomeres together.</p><p>Measurements (holotype /range of 4♂ paratypes, in mm): BL = 2.90/2.46–2.74, ThL = 1.39/1.15–1.37, WL = 2.11/1.83–2.11, WW = 0.95/0.86–0.98.</p><p>Indices (holotype /range of 4♂ paratypes, in ratio): FW/HW = 0.46/0.45–0.47, ch/o = 0.07/0.07–0.08, prorb = 1.13/1.11–1.29, rcorb = 0.66/0.47–0.69, vb = 0.31/0.33–0.46, dcl = 0.44/0.37–0.47, presctl = 0.41/0.45–0.51, sctl = 1.00/1.00–1.07, sterno = 0.88/0.85–0.99, orbito = 1.84/2.00–2.39, dcp = 0.22/0.21–0.26, sctlp = 1.08/0.93–1.12, C = 2.31/2.06–2.20, 4c = 1.44/1.43–1.70, 4v = 2.87/2.62–3.21, 5x = 1.30/1.04–1.28, ac = 3.72/3.34–4.03, M = 0.70/0.59–0.80, C3F = 0.54/0.61–0.72.</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (MZB), “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.53736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.745139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.53736/lat -6.745139)">Cikaniki</a>, Mt. Halimun, West Java, Indonesia, 6°44’42.5” S 106°32’14.5” E, 1,051 m a.s.l., 4.xi.2009, ex around eyes, M.J. Toda ”.</p><p>Paratypes. Indonesia: 1♂, same data as the holotype, except 5.xi.2009 (MZB); 1♂, ditto, except ex tree trunk (SEHU); 2♂, same data as the holotype, except 9.xi.2009 (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Java (West Java).</p><p>Remarks. This species is coupled with P. tanabei (BP = 72%; Fig. 1), sharing the aedeagal, median rod distally diffentiated into one asymmetric sclerite piece (ch.58-3; Fig. 6E,F), but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic character.</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB31574DFF6EDE29FD75F931	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB315740FF6EDBE5FB6AFECD.text	03C86C16EB315740FF6EDBE5FB6AFECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>22) Phortica (Ashima) akutsui Toda, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with arb = 2–3/0 (ch.6-2; Fig. 7C); apical, leaf-like expansion somewhat triangular, distally dilated, apically nearly flat (Fig. 7C); abdominal sternites IV and V dense setulae on medial surface (ch.27,28-1; Fig. 7D); surstylus without peg-like teeth (ch.37-1; Fig. 7E).</p><p>Description (not repeating characters common to P. halimunensis). Supracervical setae 14–15. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 3/4 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 6 per side; posterior sensilla 5–7 per side. Fore and hind tarsomere Is as long as rest and 3 succeeding tarsomeres together, respectively. Aedeagal, median rod less sclerotized (ch.58-2; Fig. 7G).</p><p>Measurements (holotype, in mm): BL = 2.84, ThL = 1.35, WL = 2.02, WW = 0.95.</p><p>Indices (holotype, in ratio): FW/HW = 0.42, ch/o = 0.07, prorb = 1.25, rcorb = 0.62, vb = 0.48, dcl = 0.49, presctl = 0.42, sctl = 1.02, sterno = 1.06, orbito = 2.48, dcp = 0.24, sctlp = 0.92, C = 2.30, 4c = 1.42, 4v = 2.78, 5x = 1.09, ac = 3.20, M = 0.68, C3F = 0.62.</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (BORN), “ Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia, 5°19’–20’N, 117°20’ –42’E, 150 m a.s.l., 31.vii–9.viii.2003, ex banana-trap at 31.5 m from the ground, K. Akutsu ”. Distribution. Borneo (Sabah). Remarks. This species resembles P. mediarista in having the less sclerotized aedeagal, median rod submedially with loop-like structure, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters. Etymology. Patronym, dedicated to Dr. Kosuke Akutsu, who collected the specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB315740FF6EDBE5FB6AFECD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3C5740FF6EDCB1FE74FB09.text	03C86C16EB3C5740FF6EDCB1FE74FB09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) nigrifoliiseta Takada, Momma & Shima	<div><p>3. Phortica (Ashima) nigrifoliiseta species group, new</p><p>Diagnosis. Pseudotracheae in labellum 7 per side (ch.14-1; Fig. 9C); aedeagal, outer membrane apically with long, narrow tube (ch.57-1; Figs 6H, 8I); aedeagal, median rod moderately sclerotized (ch.58-1; Fig. 8K).</p><p>Shared characters. Some interfrontal setulae as long as lowest setulae on ocellar triangle (ch.3-0). Arista with 1–3 dorsal branches (ch.5-1; Figs 8A, 9B) and apical, leaf-like expansion (ch.7-1; Figs 8A, 9B). Some anterior, cibarial, medial sensilla short, apically blunt, peg-like (ch.11-1; Fig. 8C). Prementum without pubescent patches (ch.12-0; Fig. 9D). Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-1; Fig. 8B). Mid and hind femora and all tibiae entirely yellow (ch.16–19-0). Apical, downward curved setula on fore tarsomere V stout, as long as tarsomere V (ch.20-1; Fig. 8D). Caudal bands on tergites III and IV medially interrupted/constricted (ch.21-2). Abdominal sternite V wider than long (ch.25-1; Figs 8E, 9E). Epandrium widely round on ventral margin (ch.31-1; Figs 8G, 9F); setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium longer than those on other portions (ch.33-1; Figs 8G, 9F). Surstylus without expansion at caudoventral corner (ch.35-0; Fig. 9F). Hypandrial phragma as narrow as lateral gonocoxites (ch.41-1; Figs 8 I–K, 9G–I). Pregonite (Figs 8I, 9G) rod-like, with apical knob (ch.44-1); apical knob without fine serrations (ch.45-0). Aedeagal free sclerite absent (ch.59-0; Figs 8 I–K, 9G–I). Posterior, rod-like process of phallapodeme not longer than aedeagal median rod (ch.62-0). Aedeagal sheath and/or postgonites asymmetric (ch.63-1; Figs 8J, 9I), with lateral lobes bearing strongly sclerotized postgonites (ch.65-1; Figs 8 I–K, 9G–I).</p><p>Included taxa. Phortica (Ashima) foliacea; P. (A.) longipenis Chen &amp; Wen; P. (A.) montipagana An &amp; Chen; P. (A.) semiannulata Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen; P. (A.) spinosa Chen &amp; Gao; P. (A.) glabra species subgroup; and P. (A.) nigrifoliiseta subgroup.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3C5740FF6EDCB1FE74FB09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3C5740FF6ED9FDFD4BF873.text	03C86C16EB3C5740FF6ED9FDFD4BF873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) semiannulata Gong, Zhu & Chen 2018	<div><p>23) Phortica (Ashima) semiannulata Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2018</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) semiannulata Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2018: 438 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Sclerotized arch on anterior margin of aedeagal sheath with posterior postgonite laterally on each side; anterior postgonites articulated to tips of arch and oriented inward; left, anterior postgonite longer, apically with small claw, and right one shorter, subapically with large hook (“Figs 14, 15” in Gong et al. 2018).</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae 18–19. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly longer than 1/2 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 3/0; longest, dorsal branch longer than longest seta on pedicel; apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically tapering and with short, awnlike projection. Palpus with hollow-shaped sense organ (ch.9-2). Cibarial, medial sensilla 9–10 per side; posterior sensilla 5–7 per side. All tarsi entirely yellow. Abdominal sternites III and IV wider than long (ch.22,24-1), with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26,27-1); III not wider than IV (ch.23-0); V without dense setulae on medial surface (ch.28-0). Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium not denser than those on other portions (ch.32- 0). Surstylus with peg-like teeth (ch.37-0). Hypandrium symmetric (ch.40-0). Pregonite partly strongly sclerotized (ch.43-0), not serrated on ventrodistal portion (ch.50-0), with sensilla on submedial and basal portions (ch.52,53-1); apical knob with round barbule (ch.46,47-0); basal extension nearly rectangular to main body, apically narrowing (ch.49-1). Aedeagal, outer membrane ornamented with short, conical spines (ch.55-0, ch.56-1).</p><p>Specimen examined. Thailand: 1♂, above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 24.vii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3C5740FF6ED9FDFD4BF873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3D5741FF6EDD91FE06FCE5.text	03C86C16EB3D5741FF6EDD91FE06FCE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) foliacea (Tsacas & Okada 1983)	<div><p>24) Phortica (Ashima) foliacea (Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983)</p><p>Amiota (Phortica) foliacea Tsacas &amp; Okada, 1983: 233 .</p><p>Phortica foliacea: Chen et al., 2005b: 420 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) foliacea: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Arch on anterior margin of aedeagal sheath narrow, less sclerotized; postgonites small; posterior one only on either side; anterior ones articulated to tips of arch, slightly curved inward, subequal in size (“Figs 13, 14” in Tsacas &amp; Okada 1983).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. semiannulata). Supracervical setae 15– 16. Longest, dorsal branch of arista as long as longest seta on pedicel; apical, leaf-like expansion triangular, slightly narrower than long. Cibarial, posterior sensilla 7–8 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the posterior postgonite only on the right side; but in B-type, only on the left side.</p><p>Specimens examined. Taiwan: 1♂ (A-type) 2♂ (B-type), Shanlinxi, 16.x.1992, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 2♂ (A-type) 1♂ (B-type), Chitou, 21–22.iv.1997, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Taiwan.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. semiannulata in having the anterior, more or less inward oriented postgonites articulated to tips of sclerotized arch on the anterior margin of aedeagal sheath, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3D5741FF6EDD91FE06FCE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3D5741FF6EDE9CFD4BF9CC.text	03C86C16EB3D5741FF6EDE9CFD4BF9CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen & Gao in Chen et al. 2005	<div><p>25) Phortica (Ashima) longipenis Chen &amp; Gao, 2005</p><p>(Fig. 6H)</p><p>Phortica longipenis Chen &amp; Gao in Chen et al., 2005a: 3957 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) longipenis: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Apical, leaf-like expansion of arista much narrower than long, apically with 1 long, medial and 2 minute, lateral, awn-like projections (“ Fig. 4A ” in Chen et al. 2005a); strongly sclerotized arch on anterior margin of aedeagal sheath recurved at anterior ends as postgonites, posteriorly with one large and one small postgonites (projections); one anterior postgonite curved inward, longer, strongly sclerotized, apically with small claw, but the other curved dorsad, shorter, less sclerotized, without claw (Fig. 6H).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. semiannulata). Supracervical setae approximately 16. Arista with arb = 1–3/0. Cibarial, posterior sensilla 6–7 per side. Pregonite without sensilla on submedial portion (ch.52-0).</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the large, posterior postgonite and strongly sclerotized, inward curved, anterior postgonite is present on the right side (Fig. 6H), while the small, posterior one and less sclerotized, dorsad curved, anterior one on the left side; but in B-type, vice versa.</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 4♂ (A-type) 6♂ (B-type) paratypes, Mt. Jizu, Binchuan, Yunnan, 1,840 m a.s.l., 17.viii.2000, H.-W. Chen leg. (SEHU) . Thailand: 1♂ (A-type), above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 25.vii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3D5741FF6EDE9CFD4BF9CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3D5746FF6EDBA2FC7CFDC9.text	03C86C16EB3D5746FF6EDBA2FC7CFDC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) montipagana An & Chen 2015	<div><p>26) Phortica (Ashima) montipagana An &amp; Chen, 2015</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) montipagana An &amp; Chen in An et al., 2015: 46 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Supracervical setae 25–26; dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 4/5 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme (ch.1-0); apical, leaf-like expansion of arista somewhat irregularly serrated on apical margin (“ Fig. 7 ” in An et al. 2015); strongly sclerotized arch on anterior margin of aedeagal sheath with one large and one small, posterior postgonites (projections) and inward curved, anterior postgonite longer apically bearing small claw on one side, but with only dorsad curved, anterior postgonite on the other side (“ Fig. 10 ” in An et al. 2015).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. longipenis). Arista with arb = 1–2/0. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 10 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side. Pregonite with sensilla on submedial portion (ch.52-1).</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the two posterior postgonites and inward curved, anterior postgonite on the right side (Fig. 6H), while only the dorsad curved, anterior one on the left side; but in B-type, vice versa.</p><p>Specimens examined. Thailand: 2♂ (B-type), Doi Ang Khang, Chiang Mai, ~ 1,450 m a.s.l., H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 2♂ (A-type) 3♂ (B-type), above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 24.vii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂ (B-type), ditto, except 25.vii.2008 (SEHU); 1♂ (B-type), below Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 31.viii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p><p>Remarks. This species closely resembles P. longipenis in the morphology of postgonites on the aedeagal sheath, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3D5746FF6EDBA2FC7CFDC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3A5746FF6EDB06FB9EF872.text	03C86C16EB3A5746FF6EDB06FB9EF872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) nigrifoliiseta Takada, Momma & Shima	<div><p>3.1. Phortica (Ashima) nigrifoliiseta species subgroup, new</p><p>Diagnosis. Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium denser than those on other portions (ch.32-1; Fig. 8G); aedeagal, outer membrane ornamented with somewhat irregular, minute spinules (ch.56-3; Fig. 8H).</p><p>Shared characters. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme &lt;3/5 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme (ch.1-1). Longest, dorsal branch of arista shorter than longest seta on pedicel; apical, leaf-like expansion heart-shaped, as broad as long, apically notched (Fig. 8A). Palpus with hollow-shaped sense organ (ch.9-2). Abdominal sternite III wider than long (ch.22-1; Fig. 8E), without dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-0; Fig. 8E). Hypandrium symmetric (ch.40-0; Fig. 8J). Pregonite (Fig. 8I) partly strongly sclerotized (ch.43-0), with basal extension nearly rectangular to main body, apically narrowing (ch.49-1) and sensilla on submedial and basal portions (ch.52,53-1); apical knob with pointed barbule (ch.46,47-0). Sclerotized, posterior postgonites on aedeagal sheath medially separated from each other (ch.66-0).</p><p>Included species. Phortica (Ashima) nigrifoliiseta; and P. (A.) kerinciensis sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3A5746FF6EDB06FB9EF872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3A5746FF6EDFA2FBBEFA6D.text	03C86C16EB3A5746FF6EDFA2FBBEFA6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) spinosa Chen & Gao 2005	<div><p>27) Phortica (Ashima) spinosa Chen &amp; Gao, 2005</p><p>Phortica spinosa Chen &amp; Gao in Chen et al., 2005a: 425 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) spinosa: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Abdominal sternite III longer than wide (ch.22-0), without dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26-0); IV not wider than long (ch.24-0), without dense setulae on medial surface (ch.27-0); strongly sclerotized arch on anterior margin of aedeagal sheath nearly symmetric in posterior portion bearing posterior postgonites subequal in size, but asymmetric in anterior portion bearing anterior postgonites (“Fig. 22” in Chen et al. 2005b).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. semiannulata). Supracervical setae 14– 15. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 2–3/0; apical, leaf-like expansion apically with 1 or 2 awn-like projections. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 11 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 5 per side. Pregonite without sensilla on submedial portion (ch.52-0).</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the anterior postgonites: in A-type, the left postgonite is shorter, and the right one longer (“Fig. 22” in Chen et al. 2005b); but in B-type, vice versa.</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 4♂ (A-type) 1♂ (B-type) paratypes, Jianfengling, Ledong County, Hainan, 23.ix.1993, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) ; 2♂ (A-type) 2♂ (B-type), ditto, except 24.ix.1993 (SEHU) . Myanmar: 1♂ (Atype) paratype, Pyinoolwin, 30.xii.1981 – 6.i.1982, M.J. Toda leg. (SEHU) . Thailand: 1♂ (B-type), above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 30.v.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂ (B-type), below Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 31.viii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 2♂ (A-type), Chang Khian, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,200 m a.s.l., 2.ii.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand *.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3A5746FF6EDFA2FBBEFA6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3B5747FF6EDE19FD75F921.text	03C86C16EB3B5747FF6EDE19FD75F921.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>29) Phortica (Ashima) kerinciensis Toda, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus without peg-like teeth (ch.37-1); aedeagal sheath with 1 posterior and 2 anterior postgonites all strongly sclerotized, recurved, long and thick (Fig. 8 I–K).</p><p>Description (not repeating characters common to P. nigrifoliiseta). Supracervical setae 25–27. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly longer than 1/2 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 1–3/0. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 10 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 7 per side. All tarsomere Is slightly longer than rest tarsomeres together. One anterior postgonite deeply bifurcated, but the other with triangular flap submedially (Fig. 8 I–K).</p><p>Measurements (holotype /range of 6♂ paratypes, in mm): BL = 4.13/3.94–4.32, ThL = 2.07/1.92–2.14, WL = 3.31/3.11–3.47, WW = 1.39/1.34–1.45.</p><p>Indices (holotype /range of 6♂ paratypes, in ratio): FW/HW = 0.44/0.44–0.47, ch/o = 0.12/0.10–0.11, prorb = 1.24/1.05–1.28, rcorb = 0.52/0.48–0.60, vb = 0.55/0.36–0.67, dcl = 0.51/0.51–0.62, presctl = 0.66/0.60–0.76, sctl = 0.99/0.92–1.09, sterno = 1.00/0.92–0.99, orbito = 2.04/1.56–1.90, dcp = 0.26/0.25–0.31, sctlp = 1.12/1.03–1.29, C = 2.78/2.25–2.71, 4c = 1.21/1.31–1.48, 4v = 2.75/2.69–3.33, 5x = 0.91/0.90–1.13, ac = 3.00/3.00–3.45, M = 0.54/0.59–0.69, C3F = 0.71/0.66–0.76.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the posterior postgonite and the bifurcated, anterior one are present on the right side, but only the other anterior postgonite on the left side; but in B-type, vice versa (Fig. 8J).</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (B-type; MZB), “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.25961&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7516389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.25961/lat -1.7516389)">Mt. Kerinci</a>, Jambi, Indonesia, 1°45’5.9”S 101°15’34.6”E, 1800–2000 m a.s.l., 6.x.2004, M.J. Toda ”.</p><p>Paratypes. Indonesia: 1♂ (A-type) 5♂ (B-type), same data as the holotype (3♂ MZB, 3♂ SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Sumatra (Jambi).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3B5747FF6EDE19FD75F921	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3B5747FF6EDD91FDF4FD6A.text	03C86C16EB3B5747FF6EDD91FDF4FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) nigrifoliiseta (Takada, Momma & Shima 1973)	<div><p>28) Phortica (Ashima) nigrifoliiseta (Takada, Momma &amp; Shima, 1973)</p><p>Amiota (Phortica) nigrifoliiseta Takada, Momma &amp; Shima, 1973: 74 .</p><p>Phortica (Phortica) nigrifoliiseta: Chen et al., 2007: 25 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) nigrifoliiseta: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus with approximately 8 apically blunt, peg-like teeth (ch.37-0); both anterior postgonites basally with strongly sclerotized, large flaps asymmetric in shape.</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. spinosa). Supracervical setae 27–29. Arista with arb = 2/0. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 9 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side. Abdominal sternite III wider than long (ch.22-1). Pregonite with sensilla on submedial portion (ch.52-1). Posterior postgonite only on right side of aedeagal sheath; left, anterior postgonite apically strongly sclerotized and bifurcated, but right one not.</p><p>Specimen examined. Malaysia: holotype ♂, Silau Silau Trail, Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, 27.vi.1972, E. Momma leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo (Sabah).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3B5747FF6EDD91FDF4FD6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB3B5744FF6EDBD5FA65FEE9.text	03C86C16EB3B5744FF6EDBD5FA65FEE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) glabra Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>3.2. Phortica (Ashima) glabra species subgroup, new</p><p>Diagnosis. Palpus concave on subapicolateral surface (ch.9-1; Fig. 9C); abdominal sternite III widest among sternites (ch.23-1; Fig. 9E); sternite V with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.28-1; Fig. 9E); hypandrium asymmetric (ch.40-1; Fig. 9I); pregonite (Fig. 9G) with neither basal extension (ch.49-0) nor sensilla on basal portion (ch.53-0); aedeagus without spiny ornamentation on outer membrane (ch.55-1; Fig. 9G); aedeagal sheath with only 1 anterior or 1 posterior, strongly sclerotized postgonite on each side (Fig. 9H,I).</p><p>Shared characters. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme &lt;3/5 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme (ch.1-1). Abdominal sternites III and IV wider than long (ch.22,24-1; Fig. 9E), with dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26,27-1; Fig. 9E). Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium not denser than those on other portions (ch.32-0; Fig. 9F). Surstylus with peg-like teeth (ch.37-0). Pregonite with sensilla on submedial portion (ch.52-1). Sclerotized, posterior postgonites on aedeagal sheath medially separated from each other (ch.66-0).</p><p>Included species. Phortica (Ashima) glabra; P. (A.) idiasta; P. (A.) zhangyuanae; and P. (A.) takehiroi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB3B5744FF6EDBD5FA65FEE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB395745FF6EDD91FEEDFCD4.text	03C86C16EB395745FF6EDD91FEEDFCD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) idiasta Gong, Zhu & Chen 2018	<div><p>30) Phortica (Ashima) idiasta Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2018</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) idiasta Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2018: 440 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Pregonite partly less sclerotized (ch.43-0), not serrated on ventrodistal portion (ch.50-0); ventrosubapical portion of apical knob more or less protruded, forming barbule (ch.46-0); posterior postgonite dorsad curved, claw-like process, and anterior one basally divided into 3 long, outward oriented processes (“Figs 24, 25” in Gong et al. 2018).</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 14. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 2/0; longest, dorsal branch as long as longest seta on pedicel; apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically roundish and with minute projection. Cibarial, medial sensilla 6–7 per side; posterior sensilla 3–4 per side.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the phallic organs: in A-type, the posterior postgonite is present on the right side, the anterior one on the left side, and left gonocoxite of hypandrium more stretched out (“Fig. 25” in Gong et al. 2018); but in B-type, vice versa.</p><p>Specimen examined. Thailand: 1♂ (B-type), Umphang, Tak, 30.v.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p><p>Remarks. This species first branched off in the glabra subgroup (Fig. 1). The remaining three species form a cluster (BP = 96%) with three synapomorphies (Fig. 1): pregonite (Fig. 9G) nearly entirely sclerotized (ch.43-1), only angulated in ventrosubapical portion of apical knob (ch.46-1), and coarsely serrated on ventrodistal portion (ch.50-1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB395745FF6EDD91FEEDFCD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB395745FF6EDED8FD4BF9C7.text	03C86C16EB395745FF6EDED8FD4BF9C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) zhangyuanae Gong, Zhu & Chen 2018	<div><p>31) Phortica (Ashima) zhangyuanae Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2018</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) zhangyuanae Gong, Zhu &amp; Chen, 2018: 442 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Posterior postgonite apically bifid, and anterior one composed of basal, thick, short trifurcation and large, thin, V-shaped sclerite (“Figs 34, 35” in Gong et al. 2018).</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae 22–23. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme slightly longer than 1/2 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 0–3/0; longest, dorsal branch longer than longest seta on pedicel; apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than long, apically roundish. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 6 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 5 per side. All tarsi entirely yellow. Pregonite nearly entirely sclerotized (ch.43-1), only angulated in ventrosubapical portion of apical knob (ch.46-1), and coarsely serrated on ventrodistal portion (ch.50-1).</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the phallic organs: in A-type, the posterior postgonite is present on the right side, the anterior one on the left side, and left arm of hypandrium more stretched out; but in B-type, vice versa (“Fig. 35” in Gong et al. 2018).</p><p>Specimens examined. Thailand: 1♂ (A-type), above Sangwal, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 1,250 m a.s.l., 20.viii.2008, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) ; 1♂ (B-type), Chang Khian Stream gully, Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, 29.xi.2009, H. Bänziger leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan), Thailand *.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB395745FF6EDED8FD4BF9C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB39577AFF6EDBB6FCF7FEEE.text	03C86C16EB39577AFF6EDBB6FCF7FEEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) glabra Chen & Toda 2005	<div><p>32) Phortica (Ashima) glabra Chen &amp; Toda, 2005</p><p>Phortica glabra Chen &amp; Toda in Chen et al., 2005b: 424 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) glabra: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with 1 or 2 ventral branches (ch.6-1); posterior postgonite present only on right side of aedeagal sheath, short, apically blunt, and left lateral lobe long, broad, somewhat sinuated, apically with very large, trifurcated, anterior postgonite (“Figs 17, 18” in Chen et al. 2005b).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. zhangyuanae). Supracervical setae 20–22. Apical, leaf-like expansion of arista apically pointed or with minute, awn-like projection. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomeres IV and V.</p><p>Specimens examined. China: 5♂ paratypes, Nanlling, Luyuan, Guangdong, 2.v.2004, H.-W. Chen leg. (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB39577AFF6EDBB6FCF7FEEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB06577BFF6EDC9DFB65FCBD.text	03C86C16EB06577BFF6EDC9DFB65FCBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda & Bänziger & Sati & Fartyal & Suwito & Katoh 2020	<div><p>33) Phortica (Ashima) takehiroi Toda, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with arb = 2/0 (ch.6-2) and apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than 1/2 length and apically roundish or slightly notched (Fig. 9B); anterior postgonite on left lateral lobe of aedeagal sheath apically trifurcated into one very large, sickle-like and two small, claw-like projections (Fig. 9I).</p><p>Description (not repeating characters common to P. glabra). Supracervical setae 16–17. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 1/2 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 6 per side; posterior sensilla 3–4 per side. All tarsi with gray tarsomere V; all tarsomere Is slightly longer than 3 succeeding tarsomeres together.</p><p>Measurements (holotype / 1♂ paratype, in mm): BL = 3.34/3.43, ThL = 1.55/1.37, WL = 2.46/2.24, WW = 1.08/1.03.</p><p>Indices (holotype / 1♂ paratype, in ratio): FW/HW = 0.43/0.48, ch/o = 0.11/0.09, prorb = 1.23/1.45, rcorb = 0.53/0.59, vb = 0.55/0.40, dcl = 0.49/0.50, presctl = 0.68/0.56, sctl = 1.01/1.03, sterno = 0.92/0.98, orbito = 1.91/1.95, dcp = 0.25/0.23, sctlp = 1.33/1.36, C = 2.48/2.32, 4c = 1.55/1.47, 4v = 3.37/(n/a), 5x = 1.17/1.08, ac = 3.40/(n/a), M = 0.76/0.68, C3F = 0.68/0.64.</p><p>Holotype. ♂ (SEHU), “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.77249&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.855278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.77249/lat 33.855278)">Matsuyama</a>, Ehime Pref., Japan, 33°51’19” N 132°46’21” E, 100 m a.s.l., 23.x.2010, T. Katoh”.</p><p>Paratype. Japan: 1♂, Kakei, Aki-ota, Hiroshima Pref., 18.vii.2010, T . Katoh (SEHU) .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Chugoku, Shikoku).</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. glabra in having the apically blunt posterior postgonite on the right side of aedeagal sheath and the long, broad, sinuated lateral lobe on the left side, but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.</p><p>Etymology. Patronym, dedicated to Dr. Takehiro Katoh, who collected the specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB06577BFF6EDC9DFB65FCBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB07577BFF6EDE61FBB8F949.text	03C86C16EB07577BFF6EDE61FBB8F949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) angulata Prigent & Chen 2008	<div><p>4. Phortica (Ashima) angulata species group, new</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme ≥ 2/3 basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme (ch.1-0); abdominal tergites III and IV unicolor (ch.21-3); epandrium with triangular or hook-like projection on anteroventral margin (ch.31-2; Fig. 3B); pregonite (Fig. 3C) not strongly sclerotized (ch.43-2), plate-like (ch.44-0), with basal extension nearly rectangular to main body and apically broad (ch.49-2).</p><p>Shared characters. Arista with dorsal but no ventral branches; apical, leaf-like expansion apically with small, awn-like projection. Palpus with hollow-shaped sense organ (ch.9-2). Some anterior, cibarial, medial sensilla short, apically blunt, peg-like (ch.11-1). Prementum without pubescent patches (ch.12-0). Pseudotracheae in labellum 6 per side (ch.14-2). Setulae just before prescutellar acrostichal setae somewhat longer than other acrostichal setulae (ch.15-1). Mid and hind femora and all tibiae entirely yellow (ch.16–19-0). Apical, downward curved setula on fore tarsomere V stout, as long as tarsomere V (ch.20-1). Abdominal sternite III longer than wide (ch.22-0), not wider than IV (ch.23-0); IV not wider than long (ch.24-0); V wider than long (ch.25-1); III–V without dense setulae on medial surface (ch.26–28-0). Setae on and/or near ventral margin of epandrium (Fig. 3B) not denser than those on other portions (ch.32-0), longer than others (ch.33-1). Surstylus (Fig. 3B) without expansion at caudoventral corner (ch.35-0), with peg-like teeth (ch.37-0). Hypandrium symmetric (ch.40-0); phragma as narrow as lateral gonocoxites (ch.41-1). Pregonite (Fig. 3C) not serrated on ventrodistal portion (ch.50-0), with sensilla on submedial and basal portions (ch.52,53-1). Aedeagal, outer membrane bearing neither spiny ornamentation nor apical, long, narrow tube (ch.55-1, ch.57-0); median rod entirely or partly strongly sclerotized (ch.58-0); free sclerite absent within outer membrane (ch.59-0). Posterior, rod-like process of phallapodeme not longer than aedeagal median rod (ch.62-0). Aedeagal sheath with lateral lobes bearing strongly sclerotized postgonites (ch.65-1); sclerotized, posterior postgonites medially separated from each other (ch.66-0).</p><p>Included species. This species group comprises African species: Phortica (Ashima) angulata Prigent &amp; Chen; P. (A.) curvispina Prigent &amp; Chen *; P. (A.) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen; and P. (A.) unispina Prigent &amp; Chen *. * The assignment was judged from the original descriptions by Prigent &amp; Chen (2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB07577BFF6EDE61FBB8F949	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB075778FF6EDA3DFE53FDB1.text	03C86C16EB075778FF6EDA3DFE53FDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) angulata Prigent & Chen 2008	<div><p>34) Phortica (Ashima) angulata Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008</p><p>Phortica (Phortica) angulata Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008: 24 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) angulata: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal, median rod apically with 2 claw-like projections (“Fig. 16” in Chen &amp; Máca 2012).</p><p>Supplementary description. Supracervical setae approximately 11. Dorsomedial, tentorial apodeme 3/4 as long as basal, parallel portion of dorsolateral, tentorial apodeme. Arista with arb = 2/0; apical, leaf-like expansion distally dilated, apically with small, awn-like projection. Cibarial, medial sensilla 7–8 per side; posterior sensilla approximately 6 per side. All tarsi entirely yellow.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the left postgonite is a broader, large plate with 2 moderate and 1 small, strongly sclerotized projections and 1 long, less sclerotized process, but the right one narrower, with 2 long, strongly sclerotized projections and 1 long, less sclerotized process (“Figs 16, 17” in Chen &amp; Máca 2012); but in B-type, vice versa.</p><p>Specimens examined. Kenya: holotype ♂ (B-type), Kakamega Equatorial Forest, 11.x.2002, S. Prigent leg. (MNHN); 1♂ paratype, ditto, except 11–23.x.2002 (MNHN) .</p><p>Distribution. Kenya.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB075778FF6EDA3DFE53FDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
03C86C16EB045778FF6EDF65FE53FB4B.text	03C86C16EB045778FF6EDF65FE53FB4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent & Chen 2008	<div><p>35) Phortica (Ashima) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008</p><p>(Fig. 3B,C)</p><p>Phortica (Phortica) machoruka Prigent &amp; Chen, 2008: 25 .</p><p>Phortica (Ashima) machoruka: Chen &amp; Máca, 2012: 507 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal, median rod deeply bifurcated from base: ventral process strongly sclerotized, apically curved ventrad, but dorsal one less sclerotized, apically curved dorsad (“Fig. 21” in Chen &amp; Máca 2012).</p><p>Supplementary description (not repeating characters common to P. angulata). Supracervical setae approximately 14. Arista with arb = 3–4/0; apical, leaf-like expansion narrower than 1/2 length, apically with long, awn-like projection. Cibarial, medial sensilla approximately 11 per side; posterior sensilla 5–6 per side.</p><p>The antisymmetry is observed in the postgonites: in A-type, the left postgonite bears apically 1 long and 1 small, strongly sclerotized projections and 1 long, less sclerotized process, and subbasally 1 thick, apically blunt, strongly sclerotized projection, but the right one 2 long, strongly sclerotized projections and 1 long, less sclerotized process in the apical portion; but in B-type, vice versa (“Figs 21, 22” in Chen &amp; Máca 2012).</p><p>Specimens examined. Kenya: holotype ♂ (A-type), Kakamega Equatorial Forest, 11.x.2002, S. Prigent leg. (MNHN); 1♂ paratype, ditto, except 11–23.x.2002 (MNHN) .</p><p>Distribution. Kenya.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C86C16EB045778FF6EDF65FE53FB4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Toda, Masanori J.;Bänziger, Hans;Sati, Pradeep C.;Fartyal, Rajendra S.;Suwito, Awit;Katoh, Toru	Toda, Masanori J., Bänziger, Hans, Sati, Pradeep C., Fartyal, Rajendra S., Suwito, Awit, Katoh, Toru (2020): Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.1
