identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C98784A27FFFE4FD86FF3AFE25FB25.text	03C98784A27FFFE4FD86FF3AFE25FB25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyscirtus Bruner 1908	<div><p>Dasyscirtus Bruner, 1908</p><p>urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:55194</p><p>Dasyscirtus BRUNER, L. 1908. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA 2:303.</p><p>Dasyscirtus ROBERTS, H.R. 1947. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD. 99:222.</p><p>Dasyscirtus REHN, J.A.G. &amp; RANDELL. 1963. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD. 115:11.</p><p>Dasyscirtus OTTE, D. 1995. ORTHOPTERA SPECIES FILE 4:357.</p><p>Dasyscirtus YIN, X.-C., J. SHI &amp; Z. YIN. 1996. SYNONYMIC CATALOGUE OF GRASSHOPPERS AND THEIR ALLIES OF THE WORLD ( ORTHOPTERA: CAELIFERA) 219.</p><p>General description. Body rather robust, heavily pubescent, pronotum entirely rugose; no lateral carinae, rounded in sections; sulcus just behind the end of 2nd 1/3rd of total length; median carina not detectable on all specimens. Fastigium short, subtrapezoidal; eyes prominent in male, scarcely in female. Tegmina lateral, elliptical; densely reticulated, not reaching the midway point of 1 st abdominal tergite in males and the 2nd abdominal tergite in females. Fore and middle femora moderately swollen in male, lower margin of hind femur bright red. External male terminalia: furculae vestigial or absent, supra-anal plate subtriangular, cerci wider at base and narrowed at apex with apical portion curved inwards midway to varying degrees within different species. Subgenital plate hemiconical, short, pointed to varying degrees at apex. Internal male genitalia: epiphallus well-sclerotized with ancorae bent slightly ventrally as well as inwards to varying degrees, lophi prominent and subrectangular in addition to bending anteriorly to some degree. Ectophallus with prominent rami and fairly elaborate sheath of aedeagus. Endophallus with relatively short valves of aedeagus that are not especially complex compared to other melanoplines. External female terminalia: supra-anal plate subtriangular, cerci relatively small and subconical, and dorsal valves of ovipositor with teeth along majority of dorsal margin.</p><p>Discussion. In determining the systematic position of the genus Liladownsia (Woller et al., 2014), we examined related genera of Dactylotini and by examining our material of Dasyscirtus we found a specimen not belonging to either of the two known species of the genus: D. olivaceus and D. hirsutus . We then managed to find more specimens in the ANSP with labels indicating the possibility of being a new species. The genus has been extensively described from the male in the original description of Bruner (1908). Therefore, here, we summarize only the main characters of males (Table 2), with a detailed update of the terminalia descriptions, and add some details of female morphology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C98784A27FFFE4FD86FF3AFE25FB25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fontana, Paolo;Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo;Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón;Woller, Derek A.	Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Woller, Derek A. (2017): Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Three new species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Mexico and a review of existing conspecifics with comments on their geographical distributions. Zootaxa 4337 (3): 301-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.1
03C98784A278FFE9FD86FF7EF9D1F9A5.text	03C98784A278FFE9FD86FF7EF9D1F9A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyscirtus olivaceus Bruner 1908	<div><p>Dasyscirtus olivaceus Bruner, 1908</p><p>(Figs. 1A &amp; 2–7)</p><p>urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:55195</p><p>Dasyscirtus olivaceus BRUNER, L. 1908. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA 2:303. Dasyscirtus olivaceus REHN, J.A.G. &amp; HEBARD. 1912. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD. 64(1):121. D. olivaceus IS THE TYPE SPECIES OF THE GENUS.</p><p>Coloration. Depending on curation method, olive green in color with blackish antennae and with first 1–2 joints lighter. Lower margin of hind femur red and hind tibia variable, being gray to body color, sometimes with lighter apex (Figs. 1A, 2, 3, 6).</p><p>Body and Tegmina. Body densely pubescent. Tegmina regularly oval in both sexes, lateral, densely reticulated and homogenous in color (Figs. 2, 3, 6).</p><p>Terminalia: Male, external. Furculae vestigial with short gap between. Supra-anal plate subtriangular with broadly rounded apex; surface almost plain with reduced keels and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately ½ the total length. Cerci wider at base, suddenly narrowing in middle, but slightly expanding apically and flattened, and with a rounded, elongated spoon-shaped apex; strongly curving inwards almost 90° beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate hemiconical in lateral view, slightly pointed at apex, and with hemicircular inner margin in dorsal view (Fig. 4A,B). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters: Epiphallus: ancorae relatively elongate, subtriangular, and bent slightly ventrally; lophi prominent, subrectangular, and bent strongly anteriorly; post-epiphallic lobe (Carbonell, 2000; Carbonell et al., 1980) moderately wrinkled compared to conspecifics and covered in raised microstructures (Figs. 4C,D, 5A–B). Ectophallus: rami prominent, fairly vertical, and extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus taking the form of two halves that do not meet, each containing two sets of lobes, and all covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe; first set of lobes connected to almost entirety of rami via thin membrane, curving dorsally to almost touch dorsal valves of aedeagus; second set attached to the first via thin membranes and about 1/3rd the length of the first, curving around apices of dorsal valves (Figs. 4C,D &amp; 5A,C,D). Endophallus: arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures and about ½ the length of ventral valves, relatively wide and connected basodorsally for approximately ½ their length with apices strongly y-shaped and with each arm connected to a strong lobe that touches the lobes of the ventral valves and extend for some length posteriorly. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures and are twice as long as the dorsal valves, basal ½ thin and elongate and widening apically at midway point, apices with fairly flat lobes that touch the lobes of the dorsal valves and extend posteriorly about the same length, apices also with an additional ventral sclerotized portion that forms a bulbous, hollow space (Figs. 4C,D &amp; 5A,C,D). Female, external (Fig. 7): as in D. hirsutus and D. monicae sp. nov.: supra-anal plate subtriangular, cerci relatively small and subconical, and dorsal valves of ovipositor with teeth along majority of dorsal margin.</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n=5) (Table 1): Body length 19.43–23.63 (21.22 ± 1.58); pronotum length 4.27–4.79 (4.56 ± 0.23); prozona length 2.21–3.02 (2.67 ± 0.29); metazona length 1.54–2.30 (1.89 ± 0.32); hind femur length 10.43–12.79 (11.35 ± 0.97); and tegmina length 3.91–4.87 (4.14 ± 0.41). Female measurements (in mm) (n=2) (Table 1): Body length 25.61–25.71 (25.66 ± 0.07); pronotum length 5.54–5.73 (5.64 ± 0.13); prozona length 3.50–3.65 (3.58 ± 0.11); metazona length 1.89–2.23 (2.06 ± 0.24); hind femur length 13.89–13.99 (13.94 ± 0.07); and tegmina length 4.89–5.24 (5.07 ± 0.25).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male (ANSP, Fig. 2) Mexico, Morelos Cuernavaca. (1-IV-1899) Legit C.C. Deam. CPF. Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Valle de Bravo. 2 males and 1 female (28-XI-1969); 2 males (21-II-1970) . Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Zacualpilla, 8 Km NE of Zacualpan. 1 male and 1 female (5-X-2000) Legit H. Brailovsky and E. Barrera. ANSP. Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca, 1 male, (29-X-1957) Legit R. &amp; K. Dreisbach (determined by I.J. Cantrall in 1960). CNIN-UNAM . Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Malinalco, 8 males, 12 females, (17-XI-2016).</p><p>Geographic distribution. This species is only known from the northern-central portion of the Balsas River Basin and the southern slope of the Mexican Volcanic Belt in elevations ranging from 1,536 to 1,829 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) in the Mexican states of Mexico and Morelos (Fig. 36).</p><p>SPECIES SPECIMEN ENTIRE PRONOTUM PROZONA METAZONA HIND TEGMINA</p><p>BODY FEMUR</p><p>Dasyscirtus olivaceus ♂ 1 21.13 4.51 2.21 2.30 11.00 3.92 2 19.43 4.27 2.73 1.54 10.43 3.91 3 20.30 4.43 2.74 1.69 10.68 3.92 4 21.60 4.79 2.64 2.15 11.85 4.08 5 23.63 4.78 3.02 1.76 12.79 4.87 ♀ 1 25.71 5.73 3.50 2.23 13.89 5.24 2 25.61 5.54 3.65 1.89 13.99 4.89</p><p>Dasyscirtus hirsutus ♂ 1 17.57 3.62 2.35 1.27 0 9.61 2.61 2 18.17 3.84 2.48 1.36 0 9.90 2.88 3 19.95 3.98 2.34 1.64 11.01 3.49 4 20.17 4.13 2.46 1.67 11.05 3.41 5 21.31 4.56 2.76 1.80 11.42 4.10 6 18.70 4.03 2.44 1.59 10.42 2.84 7 18.84 4.02 2.53 1.49 0 9.95 3.28 8 19.53 4.09 2.31 1.78 10.54 3.74 9 20.97 4.21 2.37 1.84 11.68 3.44 ♀ 1 22.25 4.93 2.82 2.11 12.50 4.17 2 25.82 5.73 3.51 2.22 14.40 4.18 3 24.13 5.81 3.42 2.39 13.27 4.76 4 23.40 5.27 3.21 2.06 12.15 4.24 5 23.39 5.35 3.12 2.23 13.21 4.56 6 23.28 5.55 3.15 2.40 12.64 4.52 7 24.51 6.28 3.77 2.51 13.20 5.25 8 26.40 5.97 3.43 2.54 14.45 4.76</p><p>Dasyscirtus monicae sp. nov. ♂ 1 (HT) 21.40 4.58 2.72 1.86 12.02 3.60 2 23.20 5.27 3.15 2.12 12.36 4.54 3 19.77 4.17 2.67 1.50 10.89 3.98 ♀ 1 27.58 7.04 4.01 3.03 14.82 6.46 2 27.47 7.06 4.10 2.96 14.70 6.35 3 26.89 7.10 4.11 2.99 14.75 4.80</p><p>Perixerus squamipennis ♂ 1 18.05 4.36 2.47 1.89 0 9.50 3.31 2 20.26 5.23 2.65 2.58 11.00 3.90 3 18.80 4.41 2.63 1.78 10.50 3.45 4 18.71 4.39 2.53 1.86 0 9.57 3.76 5 19.08 4.85 2.76 2.09 10.50 4.16 ♀ 1 22.06 5.88 3.14 2.74 11.53 4.62 2 23.34 6.72 3.64 3.08 13.00 5.00 3 20.53 5.51 3.09 2.42 11.34 3.77 4 23.31 6.32 3.53 2.79 13.06 5.32 5 21.84 6.12 3.33 2.79 12.07 4.39 ......continued on the next page SPECIES SPECIMEN ENTIRE PRONOTUM PROZONA METAZONA HIND TEGMINA</p><p>BODY FEMUR</p><p>URN:LSID: ORTHOPTERA .SPECIESFILE.ORG:TAXONNAME:55196</p><p>Perixerus hirsutus HEBARD. 1935. MITT. ZOOL. MUS. BERLIN 20(3):444. Dasyscirtus hirsutus ROBERTS, H.R. 1947. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD. 99:222.</p><p>Coloration. This species is well-characterized by its contrasting body color, which is mostly dark greenish, but yellowish on its head, posterior and lower margin of pronotum (as well as on the median carinae), part of fore and middle legs, dorsal portion of hind femora, and medial dorsal band on the abdomen. Lower margins of hind femora are bright red. Tegmina reticulation is often light, contrasting with dark background. Fastigium and eyes as in D. olivaceus, antennae completely blackish in both sexes (Figs. 8, 9, 12).</p><p>Body, Pronotum, and Tegmina. The body of D. hirsutus is heavily pubescent. Pronotum shows a distinct sculpture pattern in prozona and metazona. On the prozona, a clear transversal rugosity is detectable while the metazona is densely dotted. Tegmina lateral, regularly oval in male, but more or less rhomboidal; in female, with a more acutely rounded apex, and reaching the middle of first abdominal tergite in males and middle of 2nd abdominal tergite in females (Figs. 8, 9, 12).</p><p>Terminalia: Male, external. Furculae absent. Supra-anal plate subtriangular with narrowly rounded apex; lateral sides slightly convex with reduced keels and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately ½ the total length. Cerci wider at base and narrowing in middle, but slightly expanding apically; apices are rounded dorsally and pointed ventrally; gently curving inwards beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate hemiconical in lateral view, slightly more pointed at apex than in D. olivaceus, and with hemielliptical inner margin in dorsal view (Fig. 10A,B). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters: Epiphallus: ancorae relatively elongate, subtriangular, bent slightly ventrally, and curve slightly inwards; lophi prominent, subrectangular, and typically bent strongly anteriorly; moderately wrinkled compared to conspecifics and covered in raised microscopic structures (Figs. 10C,D &amp; 11A–B). Ectophallus: rami prominent, extending posteriorly at about a 60° angle, and also extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus fairly narrow and taking the form of two halves that do not meet, with each containing three folds of lobes that extend from apex of rami and are covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe; first and second folds of approximately equal size with third much smaller and extending a bit posteriorly along non-curving portion of dorsal valves of aedeagus (Figs. 10C,D &amp; 11A,C–D). Endophallus: arch of aedeagus welldeveloped. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, are about ½ the length of ventral valves, and with basal ½ wide and connected; apical ½ is narrowly y-shaped and terminates in thin structures that are enveloped in thin lobes that extend along the ventral valves until just before their apices. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures, are twice as long as the dorsal valves, and are broadly v-shaped overall with apices curving sharply upwards and narrowing to points that bend sharply outwards, and often with lower structures that jut out similarly (best viewed posteriorly) (Fig. 35); apical ½ with ventral, lightly sclerotized, shovel-like lobes that typically extend straight posteriorly beyond upper curved apices (Figs. 10C,D &amp; 11A,C–D). Female, external: as in D. olivaceus and D. monicae sp. nov.: supra-anal plate subtriangular, cerci relatively small and subconical, and dorsal valves of ovipositor with teeth along majority of dorsal margin (Fig. 13).</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n=9) (Table 1): Body length 17.57–21.31 (19.47 ± 1.26); pronotum length 3.62–4.56 (4.05 ± 0.26); prozona length 2.31–2.76 (2.45 ± 0.14); metazona length 1.27–1.84 (1.60 ± 0.20); hind femur length 9.61–11.68 (10.62 ± 0.72); and tegmina length 2.61–3.74 (3.31 ± 0.47). Female measurements (in mm) (n=8) (Table 1): Body length 22.25–26.40 (24.15 ± 1.39); pronotum length 4.93–6.28 (5.61 ± 0.43); prozona length 2.82–3.77 (3.30 ± 0.29); metazona length 2.06–2.54 (2.31 ± 0.18); hind femur length 12.15–14.45 (13.23 ± 0.84); and tegmina length 4.17–5.25 (4.56 ± 0.37).</p><p>Material examined. Female holotype (MfN, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, Fig. 8) Mexico, Guerrero. Texquitzin, near Chilapa (X-1929) Legit L. Schutze . CPF. Mexico, Guerrero. 4 mi N of Chilpancingo. 1524 m a.s.l. 1 male and 1 female (17-IX-1940) Legit C. Bolivar and H.R. Roberts . Mexico, Guerrero. Cueva del Borrego, Omiltemi. 1 female (5-XI-1985) . Mexico, Morelos, Tepoztlan. 1 female (11-X-1945) Legit C. Bolivar . Mexico, Estado de Mexico. Camino a Tecomatepec. 1 male (4-XII-1946) . ANSP. Mexico, Guerrero, 2.4 mi SW Almolonga (9.4 miles NE Tixtla) 5700 ft. 2 males and 1 female (18-IX-1959) Legit I.J. Cantrall &amp; T.J. Cohn #143 . Mexico, Guerrero, 16 rd mi S Chilpancingo (km 298 on Hwy 95) 3800 ft. 2 males and 1 female (X-1959) Legit I.J. Cantrall &amp; T.J. Cohn #147 . Mexico, Guerrero, 9 rd mi NE Taxco (1.7 rd mi SW Acuitlapan) 5700 ft. 1 male and 1 female (17-IX-1959) Legit I.J. Cantrall &amp; T.J. Cohn #137. CNIN-UNAM: Mexico, Guerrero, Omiltemi - 99.69114004, 17.550556 , 2206 m a.s.l. 6 males and 9 females (27-X-2015) Legit S. Sanabria-Urbán # M035-L61.</p><p>Geographic distribution. This species has the widest range among its congeners and is distributed from the inner slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur to the northern-central portion of the Balsas River Basin in elevations ranging from 457 to 2,206 m.a.s.l. in the Mexican states of Guerrero, Mexico, and Morelos (Fig. 36).</p><p>Discussion. This species was originally described by Hebard (1935) under the genus Perixerus, based only on female specimens. Roberts (1947) placed this species in the genus Dasyscirtus and added a short, but effective, description of the male. We have provided a more complete description for this species.</p><p>Dasyscirtus</p><p>D. olivaceus D. hirsutus !" #$% D. monicae &amp; ’ !!! "#! $</p><p>%&amp;’(!!!!</p><p>)! *!! " $</p><p># # " #</p><p>% %+’(%,­(</p><p>. / /</p><p>/ /</p><p>!! 0 1 # 1 #</p><p>!!! " # " #</p><p>!!</p><p>!!</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C98784A278FFE9FD86FF7EF9D1F9A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fontana, Paolo;Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo;Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón;Woller, Derek A.	Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Woller, Derek A. (2017): Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Three new species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Mexico and a review of existing conspecifics with comments on their geographical distributions. Zootaxa 4337 (3): 301-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.1
03C98784A273FFF4FD86F967FC38F8F0.text	03C98784A273FFF4FD86F967FC38F8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyscirtus monicae Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Sanabria-Urbán & Woller 2017	<div><p>Dasyscirtus monicae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 14–18 &amp; 35)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:498234</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from congeneric species due to the following: a different color pattern: in particular, the hind tibiae are blackish on the inner surface; male cerci similar to D. hirsutus, but with apices rounded dorsally and pointed ventrally; phallic complex similar to D. hirsutus, but ventral valves of aedeagus curving gently upwards with rounded apices that do not curve outwards. Described from three males and three females.</p><p>Coloration. General color yellowish with darker pronotal sulci, portions of abdominal tergites, and sparse spots and bands on legs. Lower margin of hind femora bright red as in all congeneric species (Figs. 14 &amp; 17).</p><p>Head and Body. Fastigium somewhat stouter than in D. hirsutus and D. olivaceus . Eyes very prominent. Antennae with first 4–5 joints brown and other blackish. Body heavily pubescent (Figs. 14 &amp; 17).</p><p>Pronotum and Tegmina. Sculpture in prozona constituted by bigger and deeper indentations than in metazona. Tegmina subrhomboidal, reaching the middle of the 1 st abdominal tergite; densely reticulated with darker background (Figs. 14 &amp; 17).</p><p>Terminalia: Male, external. Furculae absent. Supra-anal plate subtriangular with rounded apex; lateral sides barely sinuous and almost plain with reduced keels and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately ½ the total length. Cerci similar to D. hirsutus, but more robust overall: wider at base and narrowing in middle, but slightly expanding apically; apices are rounded dorsally and pointed ventrally; gently curving inwards beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate hemiconical in lateral view, slightly more pointed at apex than in D. olivaceus, and with hemielliptical inner margin in dorsal view (Fig. 15A,B). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters, many of which are shared by D. hirsutus (the ventral valves of aedeagus being the most unique structures: Fig. 35): Epiphallus: ancorae relatively elongate, subtriangular, bent slightly ventrally, and curve slightly inwards; lophi prominent, subrectangular, and typically bent slightly anteriorly; post-epiphallic lobe moderately wrinkled compared to conspecifics and covered in raised microstructures (Figs. 15C,D &amp; 16A,B). Ectophallus: rami prominent, extending posteriorly at about a 45° angle, and also extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus fairly narrow and taking the form of two halves that do not meet, with each containing three folds of lobes that extend from apex of rami and are covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe; first and second folds of approximately equal size with third smaller and more prominent than in D. hirsutus and also extending a bit posteriorly along non-curving portion of dorsal valves of aedeagus (Figs. 15C,D &amp; 16A, C–D). Endophallus: arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, are about ½ the length of ventral valves, and with basal ½ wide and connected; apical ½ is narrowly y-shaped and terminates in thin structures that are enveloped in thin lobes that extend along the ventral valves until just before their apices. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures, are twice as long as the dorsal valves, and are narrowly v-shaped overall with apices curving gently upwards and ending in broadly rounded regions that do not curve outwards (as in D. hirsutus: Fig. 35) and resemble the hull of a boat when viewed laterally; apical ½ with ventral, lightly sclerotized, shovel-like lobes that typically curve upwards along same trajectory as upper curved apices and for approximately the same distance posteriorly (Figs. 15C,D &amp; 16A, C–D). Female, external: as in D. olivaceus and D. hirsutus: supra-anal plate subtriangular, cerci relatively small and subconical, and dorsal valves of ovipositor with teeth along majority of dorsal margin (Fig. 18).</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n=3) (Table 1): Body length 19.77–23.30 (21.46 ± 1.72); pronotum length 4.17–5.7 (4.67 ± 0.56); prozona length 2.67–3.15 (2.85 ± 0.26); metazona length 1.50–2.12 (1.83 ± 0.31); hind femur length 10.89–12.36 (11.76 ± 0.77); and tegmina length 3.60–4.54 (4.04 ± 0.47). Female measurements (in mm) (n=3) (Table 1): Body length 26.89–27.58 (27.31 ± 0.37); pronotum length 7.04–7.10 (7.07 ± 0.03); prozona length 4.01–4.11 (4.07 ± 0.06); metazona length 2.96–3.03 (2.99 ± 0.04); hind femur length 14.70–14.82 (14.76 ± 0.06); and tegmina length 4.80–6.46 (5.87 ± 0.93).</p><p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to Mónica I. Pérez-Pérez, RMP’s mother, who has always supported and encouraged him in his biological studies. Without her support and encouragement, it is clear that RMP would not have achieved the accomplishments he has thus far. The specific name is a female noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Holotype. Male (Figs. 14–16). Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Tonatico, 1,650 m.a.s.l., 24-X-1959, coll. J. Hendrichs S. On sunflowers (Sonnenblume) (CNIN-UNAM)</p><p>Additional Type Material. ANSP. 5 paratypes (2 males and 3 females): 1 male and 3 females from Mexico, Estado de Mexico, Ixtapan de la Sal, 1828 m a.s.l. (8-X-1958) Legit E.G. Matthews (determined as D. hirsutus by T.J. Cohn in 1960, determined as Dasyscirtus n. sp. by I.J. Cantrall in 1960); 1 male from Mexico, Oaxaca, Huajuapan, 1597 m a.s.l. (13-IX-1948) Legit H.O. Wagner (determined in a label as Perixerus olivaceus by I.J. Cantrall in 1951).</p><p>Geographic distribution. This species is apparently distributed in sympatry with its congeners in the eastern portion of the Balsas River Basin and the outer slope of the Mexican Volcanic Belt in elevations ranging from 1,600 to 1,841 m.a.s.l. in the Mexican states of Mexico and Oaxaca (Fig. 36).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C98784A273FFF4FD86F967FC38F8F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fontana, Paolo;Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo;Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón;Woller, Derek A.	Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Woller, Derek A. (2017): Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Three new species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Mexico and a review of existing conspecifics with comments on their geographical distributions. Zootaxa 4337 (3): 301-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.1
03C98784A268FFFEFD86F9F2FA10F9BF.text	03C98784A268FFFEFD86F9F2FA10F9BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perixerus Gerstaecker 1873	<div><p>Perixerus Gerstaecker, 1873</p><p>urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:55118</p><p>Perixerus GERSTAECKER. 1873. STETT. ENTOMOL. Z. 34: 192.</p><p>Perixerus BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL. 1893. ANN. MUS. CIV. STOR. NAT. GENOVA 2 13 (33): 147.</p><p>Perixerus BRUNER, L. 1908. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA 2: 233.</p><p>Perixerus HEBARD. 1932. TRANS. AMER. ENTOMOL. SOC. 58 (3): 293.</p><p>Perixerus ROBERTS, H.R. 1947. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD. 99:221.</p><p>Perixerus REHN, J.A.G. 1963. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILAD. 115:11.</p><p>Perixerus OTTE, D. 1995. ORTHOPTERA SPECIES FILE 4:405.</p><p>Perixerus YIN, X.-C., J. SHI &amp; Z. YIN. 1996. SYNONYMIC CATALOGUE OF GRASSHOPPERS AND THEIR ALLIES OF THE WORLD ( ORTHOPTERA: CAELIFERA) 535.</p><p>General description. Body squat, stout and heavily pubescent, fastigium scarcely protruding from above; eyes in close proximity and not strongly prominent; frontal ridge with almost parallel sides. Head and pronotum strongly rugose (pronotum more-so). Prosternal process cilindro-conical, hardly bent backwards. Pronotum almost straight in lateral view, rounded transversally; sulcus well-defined; lateral carinae absent; posterior margin rounded, emarginated. Tegmina reduced, shorter than pronotum, convex, strongly and densely reticulated, meeting on dorsum; wing rudimental. Fore and middle femurs moderately swollen; hind legs with dark and light contrasting areas. External male terminalia: furculae vestigial with either a short or long gap between, and supra-anal plate often subtriangular with sinouse lateral sides. Cerci relatively short to elongate, wider at base and typically narrowed at apex with apical portion curved inwards midway to varying degrees within different species. Subgenital plate with pointed or rounded apex. Internal male genitalia: epiphallus well-sclerotized with ancorae bent inwards to varying degrees, lophi prominent and subrectangular in addition to bending anteriorly to some degree, post-epiphallic lobe moderately wrinkled. Ectophallus with prominent, “N”-shaped rami and fairly elaborate sheath of aedeagus. Endophallus with relatively short dorsal valves of aedeagus and ventral valves that are fairly complex compared to other melanoplines. External female terminalia: supra-anal plate subtriangular, cerci relatively small and subconical, and dorsal valves of ovipositor with small teeth along dorsobasal margin (Tables 3 &amp; 4).</p><p>Discussion. The genus Perixerus was described by Gerstaecker in 1873 for the species Perixerus squamipennis . In the same year, Stål described the genus Hermistria for the species Hermistria pulchripes . Both species were described based on female specimens and have “ Mexico ” as their type locality. In the following years, authors only acknowledged Perixerus (Bruner, 1908; Hebard, 1932) and other species were assigned to this genus: Perixerus laevis Rehn, 1900; P. variabilis Rehn, 1904; P. hirsutus Hebard, 1935; and P. gloriosus Hebard, 1935 . Roberts (1947) stated that the two genera and species were synonymous giving the priority to Perixerus because Gerstaecker published earlier in the year. Roberts also briefly described the male and restricted the genus Perixerus to only the original species, P. squamipennis . According to the original description of Gerstaecker (1873), the redescription of Roberts (1947), and after reviewing images of the Gerstaecker type material (Cigliano et al., 2017) (Fig. 19), we can assign the majority of our material to P. squamipennis, but not all. We have males and females in our possession that surely belong to the genus Perixerus, but must be considered as two distinct species. In order to clarify, we have provided a brief re-description of the genus Perixerus and an updated description (in particular, a detailed update of the terminalia descriptions) of P. squamipennis based on our material and according to the respective literature.</p><p>( Perixerus P. squamipennis) &amp; " *+,# P. obscurus &amp; ’ P. triqui &amp; ’ 2! 2! 2!</p><p>a</p><p>! 34/! 34/! 34.</p><p>"! "! "! 0 5 5</p><p>$ "#! $!!</p><p>" $</p><p># #</p><p>6 # 6</p><p>1! 1 #! 1!</p><p>!! $ 1 #!!! $ "</p><p>!!!! 5 34/ 1 1</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C98784A268FFFEFD86F9F2FA10F9BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fontana, Paolo;Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo;Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón;Woller, Derek A.	Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Woller, Derek A. (2017): Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Three new species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Mexico and a review of existing conspecifics with comments on their geographical distributions. Zootaxa 4337 (3): 301-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.1
03C98784A266FFFAFD86FB75FE8AF9C5.text	03C98784A266FFFAFD86FB75FE8AF9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perixerus squamipennis Gerstaecker 1873	<div><p>Perixerus squamipennis Gerstaecker, 1873</p><p>(Figs. 1B &amp; 19–24)</p><p>urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:55121</p><p>Perixerus squamipennis GERSTAECKER . 1873. STETT. ENTOMOL. Z. 34:192.</p><p>Perixerus squamipennis BRUNER, L. 1908. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA 2:333.</p><p>Perixerus squamipennis HEBARD. 1932. TRANS. AMER. ENTOMOL. SOC. 58(3):293.</p><p>Perixerus squamipennis DESCAMPS. 1975. FOLIA ENT. MEX. 31–32:71.</p><p>Perixerus squamipennis FONTANA, BUZZETTI &amp; MARIÑO-PÉREZ. 2008. CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, GRILLOS Y ESPERANZAS DE MÉXICO. GUíA FOTOGRÁFICA - GRASSHOPPERS, LOCUSTS, CRICKETS &amp; KATYDIDS OF MEXICO. PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE 181–182.</p><p>Perixerus squamipennis WOLLER, FONTANA, MARIÑO-PÉREZ &amp; H. SONG. 2014. ZOOTAXA 3793(4):493.</p><p>Coloration. Antennae brownish to blackish, often lightly colored towards the base. Pronotum and tegmina light brown to orange. Head and fore and middle legs brownish to bluish; eyes pale-gray; tegmina uniformly colored light brown; hind femur with upper and lower margins yellow and median area blue to purple on external surface; hind tibia dark blue with basal portion yellow to orange. Abdomen primarily, and ventral portion of the body, yellowish-green. Female with light-colored ovipositor (Figs. 1B, 19, 20, 23).</p><p>Pronotum and Tegmina. In most examined specimens, pronotum is almost straight in lateral view, more decidedly rugose in metazona, median carina well-marked in metazona; metazona ~ 3/7 of the length of pronotum; pronotum from above with almost parallel sides in male, more diverging in female; posterior pronotal margin emarginated, widely rounded in female, sometimes angulated in male; tegmina reaching more or less the end of 1 st abdominal tergite, meeting on dorsum (Figs. 19, 20, 23).</p><p>Terminalia: Male, external. In most cases, furculae vestigial with short gap between. Supra-anal plate subtriangular with broadly rounded apex and longer than in P. obscurus sp. nov.; lateral sides sinuous and with shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately 1/3rd the total length. Cerci relatively short and similar to P. obscurus: wider at base and narrowing in middle with rounded apices; gently curving inwards beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate short with rounded apex (Fig. 21A,B). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters: Epiphallus: ancorae relatively short, subtriangular and skinnier than conspecifics, and curve slightly inwards; lophi prominent, but weakest of conspecifics, subrectangular, and typically bent slightly anteriorly; post-epiphallic lobe moderately wrinkled, similar to conspecifics, and covered in raised microstructures (Figs. 21C,D &amp; 22A–B). Ectophallus: rami prominent and resembling a stretched-out “N” shape, extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus comprised of two halves, each with two lobes of similar size that are attached to apical 1/3rd of rami with each side extending upwards to the lower edges of the dorsobasal region of the dorsal valves of aedeagus, typically only meeting along ventral margins; covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe (Figs. 21C,D &amp; 22A, C–D). Endophallus: arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, appear to be fused for entire length with an occasional faint median suture; shorter than ventral valves, often almost extending to apices of upper projections of ventral valves; apex ending in two rounded prongs giving the entire component an appearance of a stout “Y” with broadly rounded arms. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures and are notably longer than dorsal valves; apical portion divided in two with upper section terminating in thin pointed projections that curve gently upwards; lower section (apical 1/3rd) curved ventrally inwards in a corkscrew-like shape that is surrounded by lobe-like membrane (punctuated with scattered, darkly sclerotized, drop-like microstructures) that also extends for a short distance beyond the upper projections (Figs. 21C,D &amp; 22A,C–D). Female, external: as in P. obscurus sp. nov. and P. triqui sp. nov.: supra-anal plate subtriangular and cerci relatively small and subconical; dorsal valves of ovipositor with small teeth along dorsobasal margin; ventral valves of ovipositor with a prominent tooth at basal 1/3rd of lower margin (Fig. 24).</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n=5) (Table 1): Body length 18.05–20.26 (18.98 ± 0.81); pronotum length 4.36–5.23 (4.65 ± 0.38); prozona length 2.47–2.76 (2.61 ± 0.11); metazona length 1.78–2.58 (2.04 ± 0.32); hind femur length 9.50–11.00 (10.21 ± 0.65); and tegmina length 3.31–4.16 (3.72 ± 0.34). Female measurements (in mm) (n=8) (Table 1): Body length 20.53–23.34 (22.42 ± 1.04); pronotum length 5.51–6.72 (6.16 ± 0.41); prozona length 3.09–3.74 (3.43 ± 0.23); metazona length 2.42–3.08 (2.74 ± 0.21); hind femur length 11.34–13.06 (12.36 ± 0.67); and tegmina length 3.77–5.40 (4.83 ± 0.54).</p><p>Material examined. Two females (syntypes) at MfN (Fig. 19A–C) Mexico . Synonym Hermistria pulchripes female (holotype), deposited at NHRS (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden) (also examined and photographed: Fig. 19D–F) Mexico . CPF: Mexico, Oaxaca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.763885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.050833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.763885/lat 17.050833)">Monte Alban Archaeological Site.</a> 17°03’03’’ N; 96°45’50’’ W. 1848 m a.s.l., 1 female (14-I-1940) Legit C. Bolivar ; 8 males and 7 females (25-X-2007); 2 females (20-XI-2008) Legit Paolo Fontana, Filippo Maria Buzzetti and Ricardo Mariño-Pérez. Mexico, Oaxaca, Km 117 Highway #175 Oaxaca-Puerto Angel. 1 male (20-XI-1985) Legit E. Mariño. All identified by PF . ANSP: Mexico, Oaxaca, Cerro San Felipe 2300 m a.s.l., 1 male (21-X-1948) Legit HO Wagner . Mexico, Oaxaca, Ejutla 1800 m a.s.l., 1 female (17-X-1948) Legit HO Wagner . Mexico, Oaxaca, Miahuatlan, 1 female (13-X-1948) Legit HO Wagner. These three identified by T.H. Hubell 1951 . Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Guatimoc, Volcan Tacana, 1 male and 1 female (1-X-1956) Legit V. Aguilar. CNIN-UNAM : Mexico, Oaxaca, San Andrés Xochixtlan, 1 female (19-X- 2015) S. Sanabria-Urbán . Mexico, Oaxaca, Carr. 125 ca. 8 Km NE de Tlaxiaco, 1 female (19-X-2015) S. Sanabria- Urbán . Mexico, Oaxaca, Carr 175 ca. Km 87, 1 female and 1 male (13-XII-2013) P. Fontana, R. Mariño-Pérez &amp; S. Sanabria-Urbán . Mexico, Oaxaca, Carr 175 ca. Km 103, 1 female and 1 male (12-XII-2013) P. Fontana, R. Mariño- Pérez &amp; S. Sanabria-Urbán . Mexico, Oaxaca, Carr 175 ca. Km 158, 1 female (12-XII-2013) P. Fontana, R. Mariño- Pérez &amp; S. Sanabria-Urbán . Mexico, Oaxaca, Carr 175 ca. Km 184, 1 female (12-XII-2013) P. Fontana, R. Mariño- Pérez &amp; S. Sanabria-Urbán . Mexico, Oaxaca, Portillo San Dionisio, 1 male (21-XI-2015) S. Sanabria-Urbán . Mexico, Oaxaca, Miahuatlan, 1 male (X-2012) S. Sanabria-Urbán.</p><p>Geographic distribution. This species has the widest range among its congeners, occurs in elevations ranging from approximately 1,450 to 2,383 m a.s.l, and is apparently restricted to the inner highlands of the southern Sierra Madre del Sur in Oaxaca, Mexico (Fig. 36). During this study, we examined a pair of P. squamipennis specimens supposedly from Volcan Tacaná in Chiapas, México. However, we have never observed this species beyond the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in our several expeditions to Southern Mexico, which seems to be the biogeographic limit of the tribe Dactylotini . Therefore, we think that these specimens are probably mislabeled and have been excluded from Figure 36.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C98784A266FFFAFD86FB75FE8AF9C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fontana, Paolo;Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo;Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón;Woller, Derek A.	Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Woller, Derek A. (2017): Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Three new species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Mexico and a review of existing conspecifics with comments on their geographical distributions. Zootaxa 4337 (3): 301-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.1
03C98784A261FFC6FD86F987FDBBFE43.text	03C98784A261FFC6FD86F987FDBBFE43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perixerus obscurus Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Sanabria-Urbán & Woller 2017	<div><p>Perixerus obscurus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1C,D &amp; 25–29)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:498235</p><p>Diagnosis. This species looks fairly different from P. squamipennis in terms of coloration, with the hind legs particularly distinct due to the orange that is often mixed in. In terms of terminalia, the external male components are more similar to P. squamipennis while the external female components resemble those of P. triqui sp. nov. The internal genitalia of the male are fairly unique among conspecifics. Male: general coloration dark compared to P. squamipennis, pronotum more rugose with metazona that is often longer, absence of median carina, and larger tegmina cells. Furculae vestigial with short gap between, supra-anal plate subtriangular overall with slightlyrounded apex and relatively shorter than conspecifics, and with shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately 1/3rd the total length, cerci relatively short and curved gently inwards. Phallic complex with the following unique characters: lophi of epiphallus more prominent and bent further anteriorly than conspecifics, rami sharply angled towards posterior, and sheath of aedeagus most elaborate with two shovel-shaped lobes enveloping apices of dorsal valves of aedeagus and extending further posteriorly. Valves of aedeagus relatively simple compared to conspecifics, with dorsal valves quite small and weak compared to ventral valves, which widen apically and have bulbous, hollow structures emerging ventrally. Female: looks different, in terms of general appearance, color, and other assorted characters; in particular: the position of the sulcus on the pronotum, the larger reticulated cells of the tegmina, and the overall color pattern of the body, especially that of the abdomen. Additionally, the ventral valves of ovipositor are without teeth.</p><p>Coloration. Antennae dark brown to blackish, often lightly colored towards the base. Pronotum dark brown to pale blue; tegmina light brown with contrasting dark reticulation. Eyes pale orange to red. Head, fore and middle legs bluish to blackish; abdominal tergites blackish-brown with yellowish posterior margin; hind femur with upper and lower margin yellowish to orange and blackish medial area on external surface; hind tibia blackish with basal portion orange to reddish. Ventral portion of the body yellowish. (Figs. 1C,D, 25, 28).</p><p>Pronotum and Tegmina. In most cases, pronotum often with raised metazona in lateral view, rugose both in prozona and metazona; median carina not detectable, except in nymphs; metazona about 4/9 of total length of pronotum; pronotum from above with almost parallel sides in males, more diverging in females; posterior pronotal margin widely rounded, partly emarginated; tegmina often reaching the end of 2nd abdominal tergite, meeting on dorsum, reticulation with bigger cells than in P. squamipennis (Figs. 25 &amp; 28).</p><p>Terminalia: Male, external. In most examined specimens furculae vestigial with short gap between. Supraanal plate subtriangular with slightly rounded apex and shorter than in P. squamipennis and P. triqui; lateral sides sinuous and with shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately 1/3rd the total length. Cerci relatively short and similar to P. squamipennis: wider at base and narrowing in middle with rounded apices; gently curving inwards beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate short with pointed apex (Fig. 26A,B). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters: Epiphallus: ancorae relatively short, subtriangular, and curve slightly inwards; lophi prominent and most robust of conspecifics, subrectangular, and typically bent slightly anteriorly; post-epiphallic lobe moderately wrinkled, similar to conspecifics, and covered in raised microstructures (Figs. 26C,D &amp; 27A,B). Ectophallus: rami prominent and resembling a stretched-out “N” shape that is angled posteriorly more sharply than in conspecifics, basal portion wider than conspecifics, and extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus comprised of two halves, each with two lobes of similar size that are attached to apical 1/4th of rami with each side extending upwards to the upper dorsobasal region of the dorsal valves of aedeagus, meeting only occasionally along ventral margins; dorsoapical portion of each lobe also extends posteriorly along dorsal valves, covering them completely, and forming shovel-like structures that taper to rounded points and almost reach apices of ventral valves of aedeagus; covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe (Figs. 26C,D &amp; 27A,C,D).</p><p>Endophallus: arch of aedeagus weakly developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, are fused for most of their length with a short separation towards apex, and shorter than ventral valves, which are often up to 1/ 3rd longer; sheath of aedeagus essentially covers these relatively weak valves, extending beyond their apices to give the appearance that it is the valves themselves that are projecting posteriorly for some distance. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures and are up to1/3rd longer than dorsal valves; apical ½ about twice as wide with relatively large, bulbous, hollow regions appearing ventrally on both sides as the valves widen (Figs. 26C,D &amp; 27A,C,D). Female, external: as in P. squamipennis and P. triqui: supra-anal plate subtriangular and cerci relatively small and subconical; dorsal valves of ovipositor with small teeth along dorsobasal margin; ventral valves of ovipositor without teeth (Fig. 29).</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n=6) (Table 1): Body length 19.92–21.06 (20.54 ± 0.48); pronotum length 5.17–5.66 (5.46 ± 0.16); prozona length 2.46–2.79 (2.66 ± 0.11); metazona length 2.38–2.97 (2.80 ± 0.22); hind femur length 11.12–11.46 (11.36 ± 0.12); and tegmina length 4.81–5.19 (5.00 ± 0.14). Female measurements (in mm) (n=5) (Table 1): Body length 23.19–27.83 (25.62 ± 1.70); pronotum length 6.72–8.08 (7.22 ± 0.63); prozona length 3.36–4.20 (3.76 ± 0.31); metazona length 3.03–3.88 (3.46 ± 0.41); hind femur length 12.64–15.32 (14.02 ± 0.1.05); and tegmina length 5.15–7.16 (6.11 ± 0.76).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for its generally dark appearance and the fact that it was hidden within museum specimens of P. squamipennis . In fact, the Latin word “ obscurus ” not only means dark, but covered as well.</p><p>Holotype. Male (Figs. 25–27), México, Oaxaca, San Juan Atepec. 17.43977398, -96.51481697 (WGS84). 2,703 m.a.s.l. 16-X-2015. (S. Sanabria-Urbán); # M024-L56 (Fig. 25). (CNIN-UNAM)</p><p>Additional Type Material. 14 paratypes (7 adult males and 7 adult females). 5 males and 4 females same locality as holotype (CNIN-UNAM). 1 male and 1 female México, Oaxaca, Ixtlán. -96.48401398; 17.32114197. 1926 m a.s.l. (17-X-2015) Legit S. Sanabria-Urbán &amp; L. Laroo # M028-L40. (CPF) 1 female Oaxaca, Km 40 Highway #175 Oaxaca-Guelatao . 17°18’35’’ N; 96°32’18’’ W. 1746 m a.s.l. (4-XII-1979) Legit G. Ortega-Leon. (CPF) México, Oaxaca, Santa Maria Jalteanguis. -96.52176901; 17.35841897. 2299 m a.s.l. (14-X-2015) Legit S. Sanabria-Urbán. 1 male and 1 female (in ethanol) from México, Oaxaca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.53833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.309721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.53833/lat 17.309721)">Llano</a> de las flores. -96.503902; 17.446855. 2866 m a.s.l. (14-X-2015) Legit S. Sanabria-Urbán &amp; L. Laroo. (TAMUIC)</p><p>Geographic distribution. This species is apparently isolated geographically from its congeners and is confined to the inner slope of the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca mountain range, in elevations ranging from 1,746 to 2,866 m.a . s.l. in Oaxaca, Mexico (Fig. 36).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C98784A261FFC6FD86F987FDBBFE43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fontana, Paolo;Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo;Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón;Woller, Derek A.	Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Woller, Derek A. (2017): Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Three new species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Mexico and a review of existing conspecifics with comments on their geographical distributions. Zootaxa 4337 (3): 301-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.1
03C98784A25FFFCFFD86FF71FEC2FA4D.text	03C98784A25FFFCFFD86FF71FEC2FA4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perixerus triqui Fontana & Mariño-Pérez & Sanabria-Urbán & Woller 2017	<div><p>Perixerus triqui sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1E,F, 30–34)</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:498236</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is very similar to P. obscurus in terms of general external morphology both in males and females, although parts of the terminalia and internal genitalia are fairly unique among conspecifics. Male: general coloration dark often with a more orange to reddish colorations, pronotum more rugose with longer metazona, absence of median carina, and larger tegmina cell than in P. squamipennis . Furculae vestigial with long gap between, supra-anal plate triangular overall with slightly rounded apex and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately ½ the total length, cerci longer and curved strongly inwards. Phallic complex with the following unique characters: ancorae of epiphallus curving strongly inwards and valves of aedeagus relatively complex compared to conspecifics, with dorsal valves forming a large, mostly fused ½ hourglass shape and the ventral valves forming prominent flower-like structures. Female: markedly similar to that of P. obscurus, but mainly differs from its congeners by its shorter and more compact ovipositor valves.</p><p>Coloration. Antennae blackish, pronotum dark brown; tegmina light brown with contrasting dark reticulation; eyes pale orange; head, fore and middle legs blackish; abdominal tergites blackish-brown with orange to reddish posterior margins; hind femur with upper and lower margin yellowish to orange and dark blue to blackish medial area on external surface; hind tibia blackish with basal portion orange to reddish; ventral portion of the body orange to reddish (Figs. 1E,F, 30, 33).</p><p>Pronotum and Tegmina. Generally, pronotum with raised metazona in lateral view, rugose both in prozona and metazona; median carina not detectable; metazona about 4/9 of total length of pronotum, except in nymphs; pronotum from above with almost parallel sides in males, more divergent in females; posterior pronotal margin widely rounded, partly emarginated; tegmina reaching the end of 2nd abdominal tergite, meeting on dorsum, reticulation with bigger cells than in P. squamipennis (Figs. 30 &amp; 33).</p><p>Terminalia. Male, external: Furculae vestigial with long gap between. Supra-anal plate triangular with slightly rounded apex and longer than in P. obscurus sp. nov.; lateral sides sinuous and with shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately ½ the total length. Cerci elongate compared to conspecifics: wider at base and narrowing in middle and then expanding towards apices, which are spoon-shaped (sometimes with sharper ventral edge); strongly curving inwards beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate short with pointed apex (Fig. 31C,D). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters: Epiphallus: ancorae relatively short, subtriangular and more robust than conspecifics, and curve strongly inwards; lophi prominent, subrectangular, and typically bent slightly anteriorly; post-epiphallic lobe moderately wrinkled, similar to conspecifics, and covered in raised microstructures (Figs. 31C,D &amp; 32A,B). Ectophallus: rami prominent, fairly robust, and resembling a stretched-out “N” shape, extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus composed of two lobes of similar size that are attached to apical 1/3rd of rami with each side extending upwards to the lower edges of the dorsobasal region of the dorsal valves of aedeagus, meeting only occasionally along ventral margins; covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe (Figs. 31C,D &amp; 32A,C,D). Endophallus: arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures with overall shape resembling ½ of an hourglass with lower apices extending a bit further and narrowing to points that project posteriorly; majority fused with narrow medial cleft beginning at midway point and extending apically; when viewed dorsally, apex of component often appears to almost completely cover ventral valves. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures and are relatively complex compared to P. obscurus and P. triqui sp. nov.; when viewed posteriorly, apices resemble two sets (left and right) of lightly sclerotized, lobe-like flowers that the apices of the dorsal valves rest upon, with the center of both flower sets containing more darkly sclerotized microstructures; when viewed lateroventrally, it can be seen that these flower shapes are created by a deviation of the apical 1/3rd of the valves with one portion forming the center structures and the other portion bending ventrally and then back up to form a ring-like frame from which the lobe portion of the flowers emerge (Figs. 31C,D &amp; 32A,C,D). Female, external: as in P. squamipennis and P. obscurus: supra-anal plate subtriangular and cerci relatively small and subconical; dorsal valves of ovipositor with small teeth along dorsobasal margin; ventral valves of ovipositor without teeth; both dorsal and ventral valves appear to be slightly more compact compared to P. squamipennis and P. obscurus sp. nov. (Fig. 34).</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n=3) (Table 1): Body length 20.12–22.44 (20.99 ± 1.26); pronotum length 5.03–5.73 (5.28 ± 0.39); prozona length 2.67–2.74 (2.70 ± 0.04); metazona length 2.34–2.99 (2.58 ± 0.36); hind femur length 11.12–11.95 (11.55 ± 0.42); and tegmina length 4.00–5.10 (4.60 ± 0.56). Female measurements (in mm) (n=1) (Table 1): Body length 25.92; pronotum length 6.92; prozona length 3.63; metazona length 3.29; hind femur length 14.07; and tegmina length 5.55.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the ancient Triqui people, who still live and preserve their culture and language, in the northwestern highlands of Oaxaca, the only region from which this species is known so far. The specific name is a male noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Holotype. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.92944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.335001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.92944/lat 16.335001)">Male</a> (Figs. 30–32). Mexico, Oaxaca, Near San Andres Huaxpaltepec on Km 14 Highway #200 Pinotepa Nacional-Puerto Escondido. 16°20’06”N 97°55’46”W (WGS84). 210 m. a.s.l. 3-IX-1980. (E. Barrera and A. Cadena). (CNIN-UNAM).</p><p>Additional type material. 10 Paratypes. [3 adult males, 1 nymph male, 3 adult females (2 of them in ethanol), 1 nymph female]. Mexico, Oaxaca, San Andrés Chicahuaxtla. 97°50'27.15" W; 17°10'2.47" N. 2459 m a.s.l. (18- X-2015 and XI-2016) Legit Salomón Sanabria-Urbán (CNIN-UNAM) . 1 male and 1 female. Mexico, Oaxaca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.87323&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.20159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.87323/lat 17.20159)">San Martin Itunyoso</a> 97°52'23.62" W; 17°12'5.72" N. 2469 m a.s.l., (18-X-2015) Legit Salomón Sanabria-Urbán. (TAMUIC)</p><p>Geographic distribution. This species is distributed in elevation ranging from 210 to 2,469 m.a.s.l. on the outer slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range and almost reaching the Pacific Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico (Fig. 36).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C98784A25FFFCFFD86FF71FEC2FA4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fontana, Paolo;Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo;Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón;Woller, Derek A.	Fontana, Paolo, Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo, Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón, Woller, Derek A. (2017): Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: Three new species of Dactylotini (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Mexico and a review of existing conspecifics with comments on their geographical distributions. Zootaxa 4337 (3): 301-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.1
