taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C98792D3242304FCEBFAA7E0A927A5.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Plicatula striatocostata Cox, 1858; Moscovian (Pennsylvanian), Iowa, USA.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3242304FCEBFE26E613272E.taxon	description	Figs. 7 B, C, 8.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3242304FCEBFE26E613272E.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — NMV P 309619 – 620. Remarks. — The materials examined agree perfectly with Wang’s (1955) description of the species. This species is defined by its transversely oval to subcircular outline, conical ventral umbo, and rectimarginate anterior commissure. Its external surfaces are weakly rugose and multicostellate, about 35 costellae in 10 mm at the midlength of the shell. Two thin, high dental plates are convergent toward the valve floor (Fig. 7). The Changhsingian Perigeyerella altilosina Xu and Grant, 1994 is the most closely allied species to P. costellata, from which the Changhsingian species is differentiated by its more elongate outline and proportionally higher ventral interarea. A transversely oval outline and a low ventral interarea of our specimens also recall those of P. tricosa Grant, 1976, but the loss of a dorsal median sulcus distinguishes Grant’s species from P. costellata.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3242304FCEBFE52E7FC2399.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Perigeyerella costellata Wang, 1955; Changhsingian (Late Permian), Guizhou, South China.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D324230AFCEBFA2AE7DD2176.taxon	description	Figs. 7 D, E, 9. Holotype: NMV P 309624 (Fig. 7 E), 5.4 mm wide, 5.1 mm long and 3.9 mm thick. Type locality: Daijiagou section, Beipei, Chongqing City, South China. Type horizon: 4 th member of the lower Lungtan Formation (early Wuchiapingian, Late Permian). Derivation of the name: Named for the Beipei area, where the Daijiagou section is located. of a dorsal internal mold NMV P 309634. I. Meekella pusilloplicata Liao, 1980 b, dorsal view of a dorsal internal mold NMV P 309623. J. Magniderbyia sp. indet., ventral view of a ventral external mold NMV P 309628. K. Chengxianoproductus cf. changxingensis Liao and Meng, 1986, dorsal view of a dorsal external mold NMV P 309626. A, from the 5 th member of the Lungtan Formation of Daijiagou. B, C, G, H, J, K, from the 1 st member of the Lungtan Formation of Daijiagou; D, E, from the 4 th member of the Lungtan Formation of Daijiagou; I, from the 3 rd member of the Lungtan Formation of Daijiagou; F, from the 5 th member of the Lungtan Formation of Chuanmu. Material. — Of six studied specimens, NMV P 309624 – 625 are figured and NMV P 309627 is sectioned. Diagnosis. — Large species for genus; elongate ovate to triangular in outline; ventral umbo moderately conical; dorsal median sulcus distinct, forming a lingual extension at anterior margin; external surfaces weakly plicate. The new species is distinguished from Meekella dorsisulcata Feng and Jiang, 1978 by its more anteriorly extended dorsal median sulcus and narrower, more rounded plicae, and from the Capitanian Me. zhejiangensis Liang, 1990 by its significantly lower ventral interarea. Description. — Nearly biconvex in profile; shell width anterior to midvalve; extremities round. Ventral beak normally twisted slightly and deformed by cicatrix of attachment; interarea moderately high, concave to slightly flattened; pseudodeltidium with high sharp monticulus; umbo conical posteriorly; lateral slopes steep; median sulcus absent. Dorsal valve evenly convex, most convex at umbo; median sulcus broad, originating at beaks as shallow groove, abruptly broadening and deepening at umbonal region, forming deep lingual extension anteriorly. Costellae fine, dense, rounded, frequently intercalate or bifurcate, about 40 per 10 mm at midlength, irregularly, moderately plicate; four plicae in 10 mm at midlength, those on umbo more conspicuous than others. Ventral interior dental plates high, long, slightly convergent anteriorly, extending to midlength. Cardinal process long, slightly projecting posteriorly; dorsal socket ridges strong; crural plates fused to base of cardinal process (Fig. 9). Remarks. — Liao (1980 b) described three new species Meekella langdaiensis, Me. deltoides, and Me. pusilloplicata from the Lungtan Formation of Guizhou, South China. They are contemporaneous to Me. beipeiensis, but all are distinct from the new species in the loss of a dorsal median sulcus. In addition, Me. deltoides is much smaller; Me. pusilloplicata has a proportionally longer hingeline; Me. langdaiensis embraces coarser plicae with sharper crests. Shen et al. (1992) created two new species, Meekella sichuanensis and Me. perigeyerelloides, from the Changhsingian of Chongqing, South China; they possess a higher, flat ventral interarea and a slightly shallower dorsal median sulcus, and thus cannot be confused with Me. beipeiensis.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32A230AFCEBFAF1E6DE2596.taxon	description	Fig. 10 A.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32A230AFCEBFAF1E6DE2596.taxon	description	Locality and horizon: Daijiagou section; 4 th member of the Lungtan Formation. Remarks. — This species is defined by its large size, subcircular to subtriangular outline, and robust plicae that are occasionally twisted. The Daijiagou specimen (NMV P 309622) is identical in all observed aspects to the topotypes of Huang’s species described by Jin et al. (1974) from the Lungtan Formation of Guizhou, South China. Meekella megala Grant, 1993 from the Wordian of the Khios Island, Greece is indistinguishable in shell outline, size and low plicae from Huang’s species, however the Greek species can be differentiated from Huang’s species by its relatively lower ventral interarea and more flattened pseudodeltidium.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32A230AFCEBFCEAE79A277E.taxon	description	Fig. 7 I.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32A230AFCEBFCEAE79A277E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — A dorsal internal mold (NMV P 309623), pentagonal in outline, agrees fully with Liao’s (1980 b) description of the species. The diagnostic features include: maximum width at hingeline, costellae fine, weakly plicate, dorsal socket plates well developed, diverging laterally. Meekella kueichowensis Huang, 1933 shares a similar outline and size to the nominal species, from which this Huang’s species is easily distinguished in the possession of a proportionally narrower hingeline and coarser ribs.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3292309FFA1F854E21E2595.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Derbyia magnifica Licharew, 1939; Late Permian, Caucasus region, Azerbaijan.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3282308FFA1FBFDE2CD26B1.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Productus gratiosus Waagen, 1884; Capitanian (Middle Permian), Salt Range, Pakistan.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3282308FCEBF950E7AB249D.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Spinomarginifera kueichowensis Huang, 1932; Changhsingian (Late Permian), Guizhou, South China.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3282308FFA1FB2BE6982443.taxon	description	Figs. 10 E – H, 11. Productus gratiosus n. sp.; Waagen 1884: 691, pl. 72: 3 – 7.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3282308FFA1FB2BE6982443.taxon	description	Lungtan Formation; Chuanmu section; 5 th member of the Lungtan Formation. Material. — NMV P 309636 – 639. Remarks. — A restudy (Grant 1976) of the topotype specimens of Productus gratiosus Waagen, 1884 from the Wargal and Chhidru Formations at Chhidru and Jabbi of the Salt Range, Pakistan allows us to understand the internal features as following: the dorsal valve has a sessile W−shaped cardinal process; a pair of elongate, highly raised adductor scars are separated by a low, thin median septum; the ventral valve is tuberculate, and embraces an elongate, highly raised median adductor scar; the diductor scars are wide, flabellate and deeply grooved on the floor of each side of the scar platform. These features are confirmed in our specimen (Fig. 11). This Salt Range species has also been referred to as the type species of Asioproductus Zhan (in Yang et al. 1977). Later, Zhan (1979) altered his specimens to Asioproductus bellus Zhan, 1979, but did not compare his new material with Waagen’s species. Liang (1990: 162) differentiated Asioproductus from Transennatia by the appearance of a Marginifera − type, bilobate cardinal process. However, one of Zhan’s (1979: pl. 6: 9) illustrations clearly shows a W−shaped cardinal process. As a consequence, Asioproductus is synonymous to Transennatia. Another species Transennatia insulpta Grant, 1976 (see also Chen 2004) can be distinguished from the type species by its evidently smaller size and more extended ears.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D328230FFCEBF920E3AD20D1.taxon	description	Fig. 7 H.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D328230FFCEBF920E3AD20D1.taxon	description	Spinomarginifera lopingensis (Kayser); Liao 1987: pl. 5: 5, 7 – 18. Spinomarginifera lopingensis (Kayser); Zeng et al. 1995: pl. 9: 1. Locality and horizon: Daijiagou section; 1 st member of the Lungtan Formation. Material. — Of 10 specimens, NMV P 309634 is figured. Remarks. — This species usually exhibits a elongate outline, much longer than wide. The ventral beak is strongly incurved posteriorly. The dorsal interior is characterized by a pair of elongate but extremely narrow, highly raised ventral adductor scars that form an angle of less than 30 °. Spinomarginifera jiaozishanensis Liao, 1980 b can be differentiated from S. lopingensis by its more circular profile and deeper, broader ventral median sulcus. S. plena Liao, 1987 also from the Wuchiapingian of South China differs from S. lopingensis in possessing a more rounded ventral umbo and broader ears.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32F230FFFA1F9FDE66321D5.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Niutoushania niutoushanensis Liao, 1984; Wuchiapingian (Late Permian), Anhui, South China. Emended diagnosis. — Medium to large, suboval to subquadrate shell, geniculate anteriorly; corpus cavity moderately deep; sulcus and fold indistinct; fine spines on dense ventral ribs; rugae absent or weakly developed on umbo. Ventral interior adductor scars elongate, ridge−shaped; diductor scars broad, flabellate, deeply grooved (Fig. 12 A). Cardinal process bilobate, supported by a thin median septum; cardinal ridges extending along hinge margins; anterior adductor scars elongate, highly raised, tear−shaped; posterior adductor scars strongly dendritic; brachial ridges hook−shaped, nearly horizontally given off; inner surfaces strongly tuberculate (Fig. 12 B). The redefined Niutoushania shares similar size, shell outline and general ornamentation with both Tyloplecta Muir−Wood and Cooper, 1960 and Tarimoplecta Chen and Shi, 2000, but it differs clearly from the latter two in lacking a much deeper corpus cavity and fine capillae, which are diagnostic of both Tyloplecta and Tarimoplecta (Chen and Shi 2000; Shi and Chen 2003). Moreover, the conspicuous nodes characterize the ventral umbo of Tyloplecta, and the costae of Tarimoplecta broaden abruptly at the start of the geniculation. None of these characteristics is present in Niutoushania. Remarks. — Generic diagnosis is emended here based on re−examining the type specimens of the type species housed in Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. These type specimens, like the Daijiagou materials, were also collected from the Lungtan coal series in Changxing, South China; both bear some similarities. However, our new materials provide more detailed ventral internal features. Niutoushania can be separated from other dictyoclostines by its indistinct reticulations, a lower, thinner dorsal median septum, and more pronounced brachial scars, which are perpendicular to the median septum.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32F230FFFA1FD0DE24A27F6.taxon	description	Fig. 10 C, D.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32F230FFFA1FD0DE24A27F6.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — NMV P 309643 – 644. Remarks. — The present species is the largest among the six species described originally by Huang (1932). It is elongately subrectangular in outline and the hingeline is the widest part of the shell. The ventral umbo is rounded, highly convex, and strongly curved posteriorly. Spinomarginifera alpha is differentiated from S. kueichowensis by its much larger size and more highly convex, posteriorly curved ventral umbo. In addition, when compared with S. alpha, S. pseudosintanensis Huang, 1932 is more strongly rugose and possesses more elongate spine bases on the trails, S. lopingensis is more elongate and ribbed anteriorly, and S. chengyaoyenensis Huang, 1932 is much smaller and more weakly rugose.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32F230DFCEBFC17E28F2072.taxon	description	Figs. 12, 13 A, B. Holotype: NMV P 309641. Other material: Eight specimens; figured specimen: NMV P 309641. Type locality: Daijiagou section, Beipei, Chongqing, South China. Type horizon: 1 st member of the Lower Lungtan Formation, Wuchiapingian, Late Permian. Derivation of the name: After Chongqing City, South China. Diagnosis. — Large, subquadrate shells, with moderately deep corpus cavity, fine spines on ventral costae, and distinct brachial ridges. The new species shares similar in shell outline, concavo−convexity, ornamentation and internal structures with the type species Niutoushania niutoushanensis Liao, 1984, but is distinguished from the latter by its larger size, a relatively shallower corpus cavity and more pronounced brachial scars. Description. — Geniculate anteriorly; widest at hingeline; ears broad, triangular, inflated, projecting laterally. Ventral valve highly evenly convex, strongly curved longitudinally; beak stout, strongly incurved, overhanging hingeline; umbonal region slightly flattened medially, incurved posteriorly; lateral slopes steep; median sulcus broad, shallow but distinct. Dorsal valve concave to slightly flattened. External costae irregularly spaced, bifurcate, about 5 – 6 in 10 mm at midlength of shell, relatively finer on disc, broadening near anterior margin; coarse spines arranged in row along hinge margin, scattered on disc and ears; fine spines densely covering on costae; dorsal ornament similar to that of ventral valve. Ventral adductor scars elongate, highly raised, separated by low median ridge; diductor scars broad, fan−like, flabellate (Fig. 12 A); cardinal process bilobed anteriorly, supported by a low, thin median septum; cardinal ridges extending laterally along hinge margins; dorsal adductor scars elongate, smooth, highly elevated; diductor scars strongly dendritic; brachial ridges hook−like, horizontally extending from median septum (Fig. 12 B). Remarks. — Beyond Niutoushania, the large−sized productid Tyloplecta yangtzeensis (Chao, 1927) is also overall comparable with the new species, from which Chao’s species is distinguishable in having anteriorly broadened costae, fine capillae, and nodules on the ventral umbo.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32D230CFFA1FD01E05B26B8.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Chengxianoproductus nitens Liao and Meng, 1986, subsequent designation herein; Changhsingian (Late Permian), Hunan, South China. Nomenclature discussion. — Liao and Meng (1986) applied two different species names, Chenxianoproductus nitens (Liao and Meng, 1986) and C. typica (Liao and Meng, 1986), for the same specimens. Both species have been regarded as the type species of Chenxianoproductus. However, according to the principal of page priority, C. nitens Liao and Meng, 1986 is treated as a valid species and selected here as the type species for the genus, while C. typica Liao and Meng, 1986 is an invalid species name and abandoned.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32D230CFFA1FD01E05B26B8.taxon	diagnosis	Emended diagnosis. — Medium−sized Echinoconchinae, with subcircular to triangular−oval outline; sulcus and fold variously developed; dorsal valve flat to slightly concave with a deep corpus cavity. Ventral exterior with broad bands, each bearing rows of alternatively arranged spine bases; spines suberect. Dorsal valve with similar ornament to ventral valve. Cardinal process small, bilobate; median septum low, extending over half disc−length; lateral ridges originating at cardinal process base, curving down inside ears; inner surface densely pustulate. Chengxianoproductus superficially resembles Alatoproductus Jin and Hu, 1978 in terms of shell outline, spinose exteriors and internal characteristics; however, Chengxianoproductus embraces conspicuous concentric bands and smaller alternatively arranged spine bases; whereas the spine bases of Alatoproductus are much coarser and randomly arranged. Another ally is Stictozoster Grant, 1976, which also possesses dense spines on concentric bands, a bilobate cardinal process, and a long, thin long dorsal median septum. However, Chengxianoproductus is distinct from Grant’s genus in having a more weekly concavo−convex profile, a sulcus, a fold, and dorsal lateral ridges. Chengxianoproductus also approaches moderately both Waagenoconcha Chao (1927) and Tschernyschewia Stoyanow, 1910 in externally spinose ornamentation, but differs clearly from the latter two genera in having unvaried sizes of its spines and conspicuous concentric bands. In addition, Chengxianoproductus lacks the well−developed ventral interarea and a rather high ventral median septum, which are diagnostic of Tschernyschewia. Remarks. — Shen et al. (1992: 178) treated Chengxianoproductus Liao and Meng, 1986 as a junior synonymy of Parapulchratia Zhan, 1979 because (1) both genera are generally comparable in many respects and (2) Liao and Meng (1986) assigned parts of specimens of Productus pustulosus var. palliata Kayser, 1883, type species of Parapulchratia, to their genus. However, Kayser’s (1883) species has long remained poorly understood and later has broadly applied to Chinese Upper Permian specimens (e. g., Frech 1911; Chao 1927; Wang et al. 1964; Zhan 1979). In particular, Chao (1927) upgraded Kayser’s variant species to species level and referred it to Waagenoconcha. Wang et al. (1964) refigured one of Chao’s (1927) specimens to represent Kayser’s species. Kayser’s figured materials include a broken ventral valve, one complete dorsal valve, and three broken dorsal internal molds. Of these, the ventral valve (see Kayser 1883: pl. 27: 9) possesses a rather narrow, inflated umbo and nearly centrally arranged, coarse spines, lacks a median sulcus and concentric lamellae, and thus is easily separated from Chengxianoproductus that is defined by a broad ventral umbo, a broad but distinct median sulcus, and numerous broad lamellae, each bearing rows of alternatively arranged spines. Alternatively, the overall appearance of Kayser’s (1883) ventral valve is morphologically close to Alatoproductus Jin and Hu, 1978 or Tschernyschewia Stoyanow, 1910 or Waagenoconcha Chao, 1927. The complete dorsal valve (see Kayser 1883: pl. 27: 13) internally embraces a broad cardinal process and costal impressions and is suggestive of a Haydenella species. Other three incomplete dorsal internal molds (Kayser 1883: pl. 27: 10 – 12) are indeterminate but are morphologically close to Waagenoconcha or Edriosteges. The materials ascribed to Waagenoconcha palliata species by Chao (1927) and Wang et al. (1964), housed in the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are re−examined in this study (by ZQC in 2004). Chao’s W. palliata includes several specimens collected from various regions of South China. Of these, the specimen (Chao 1927: pl. 7: 5, NIGP 984) from the Changxing coal mine of Zhejiang Province and the specimen (Chao 1927: pl. 7: 6, unregistered) from the Fengcheng of Jiangxi Province are both possessing a strong, bilobed cardinal process and conspicuous cardinal ridges and are comparable with that of Tschernyschewia, as suggested by Liao and Meng (1986: 80). Both specimens (Chao 1927: pl. 7: 3, 4 a, b, NIGP 986 and NIGP 985, respectively) are externally similar. Of these, the specimen (NIGP 986) was later re−illustrated by Wang et al. (1964: pl. 40: 22 – 24) under the name “ Waagenoconcha ” palliata. Our (ZQC) and Prof. Z. T. Liao (personal communication 2004) re−examination reveals that this specimen (NIGP 986) is sculptured with varied spines and conspicuous concentrical lamellae, and each lamella bears rows of fine spines at its front edges. As a result, the specimens figured by Chao (1927) and Wang et al. (1964) can not share the same species name with Kayser’s figured materials. It is also noteworthy that Zhan (1979: 88), when he created Parapulchratia, stated that his materials of P. palliata are almost same to Chao’s (1927: pl. 7: 6) specimen from Jinagxi Province. The latter seems to be a Tschernyschewia species (Liao and Meng 1986). Accordingly, Zhan’s specimens are readily different from Kayser’s materials. In summary, Kayser’s (1883) species includes morphologically varied specimens. A re−examination of Kayser’s original type materials is necessitated. The figured materials by Kayser (1883) seem to be generically different from Chengxianoproductus. These specimens ascribed to Waagenoconcha palliata (Kayser, 1883) by later workers (Chao 1927; Wang et al. 1964; Zhan 1979) are not conspecific with Kayser’s figured materials. As such, Chengxianoproductus is tentatively regarded as an independent genus from Parapulchratia. Depth of corpus cavity is crucial to the correct classification of Chengxianoproductus (C. H. C. Brunton, personal communication 2003). The slightly concave to flattened dorsal valve and highly convex ventral valve indicate that Chengxianoproductus possesses a rather deep corpus cavity, which is diagnostic of the genus. Placing stress on the deep corpus cavity, we consider that Chengxianoproductus fits better within the Echinoconchidae (C. H. C. Brunton, personal communication 2003) than the Sentosiidae McKellar, 1970 (see Brunton et al. 2000). However, the weak bands of spines on Chengxianoproductus are slightly more of a sentosiid character than echinoconchid character. This feature therefore also distinguishes Chengxianoproductus from other genera of the Echinoconchidae. Thus, the assignment of Chengxianoproductus to the Echinoconchini is tentative.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32C230CFFA1FB37E7252447.taxon	description	Figs. 7 K, 10 B, 14. cf. Waagenoconcha palliata (Kayser); Chao 1927: 90, pl. 7: 3, 4, not 5, 6. cf. “ Waagenoconcha ” palliata (Kayser); Wang et al. 1964: 286, pl. 40: 22 – 24. cf. Chengxianoproductus changxingensis n. sp.; Liao and Meng 1986: 80. Locality and horizon: Daijiagou section; 1 st member of the Lungtan Formation. Material. — Of five studied specimens, NMV P 309626 and NMV P 309640 are figured. Description. — Large size for genus; subquadrate in outline; nearly circular in lateral profile; widest at midlength of shell; ears broad, flat, well−demarcated from umbo. Ventral valve strongly convex; beak small, distinct, incurved, slightly overhanging hingeline; lateral slopes steep; median sulcus broad, distinct; dorsal valve slightly concave, flattening posteriorly; median fold low, originating anterior to umbo. Ventral exterior with broad, flattened concentric bands, bearing 6 – 7 rows of circular spine bases tending to be alternatively arranged; row of spines along hinge. Dorsal ornament similar to that of ventral valve. Ventral interior with dendritic muscle scars, without median septum. Cardinal process bilobed with cardinal process a shallow, circular alveolus; lateral ridges extending from base of cardinal process, curving down inside ears; median septum low, extending over half disc length (Fig. 14). Remarks. — When they established the present species, Liao and Meng (1986) questionably assigned parts of Kayser’s (1883: pl. 27: 9 – 12) specimens to their new species C. changxingensis. However, as stated in the above generic discussion, the specimens figured by Chao (1927) and Wang et al. (1964) are not conspecific with the type specimens of Parapulchratia palliata Kayser, 1883. Accordingly, C. changxingensis only includes parts of the figured materials by Chao (1927: pl. 7: 3, 4). Of these, the specimen figured by Chao (1927: pl. 7: 3) and Wang et al. (1964: pl. 40: 22 – 24) was selected as the holotype of the species by Liao and Meng (1986). The Daijiagou materials are comparable with the Changxing type in size, shell outline, spine arrangement and observed internal features. However, the conspicuous, smooth grooves separating lamellae are not preserved in Chao’s original specimens. Consequently, the assignment of the Daijiagou materials to C. changxingensis is tentative. In addition, the specimen NMV P 309640 also approaches C. nitens Liao and Meng, 1986 in many aspects, but C. nitens can not include the described material as it is smaller and has a greater number of lamellae and fewer rows of spines on each lamella. The Changhsingian species C. intercedens Liao and Meng, 1986 is differentiated from the described specimen (NMV P 309640) by its deeper ventral median sulcus and a greater number of lamellae. Tschernyschewia sinensis (Chao, 1927) is also characteristic of the Lungtan Coal Series and morphologically indistinguishable from C. changxingensis, from which the T. sinensis differs in possessing a more elongate outline and the absence of conspicuous bands.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32C2313FCEBF875E2E027BA.taxon	description	Fig. 13 C – G.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D32C2313FCEBF875E2E027BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material. — Total 15 specimens; figured specimens: NMV P 309629 – 633. Description. — Medium to large shells; outline semicircular in posterior view; slightly transversely trapezoidal in anterior view; hingeline slightly narrower than or equal with shell width; both valves geniculate anteriorly; trails short; ventral interarea relatively low; ears broad, slightly inflated; ventral umbo evenly convex; lateral slopes gentle; median sulcus variously developed, when present, originating anterior to umbo. Dorsal disc concave; median fold indistinct; corpus cavity moderately deep; ventral rugae irregularly spaced, conspicuous on discs, weakening anteriorly, sometime absent on trail; tubercules scatted over valves; spines scattered over ears, ventral corpus and trail, a row along hinge; radial striae fine, prominent when outer shell layer removed; shell thin. Remarks. — This species is characteristic of the Lungtan Formation in South China. The allied species Edriosteges tumita Liao, 1980 b is differentiated from E. poyangensis by an anteriorly convex and strongly geniculated ventral valve. E. subplicatilis Frech, 1911 (see also Liao 1980 b: pl. 4: 15 – 17) is characterized by the presence of more pronounced rugae over the discs, E. acuminata Liao, 1980 b is distinct in having the hingeline equal to the maximum shell width and pair of conspicuously projecting ears.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3332313FFA1F8CEE6232173.taxon	description	Fig. 7 A.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3332313FFA1F8CEE6232173.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — The material (NMV P 309618) examined agrees fully with the description of the species given by Shen et al. (1999). According to these authors, Peltichia is generally confined to the Changhsingian. However, the presence of P. zigzag in the upper Lungtan Formation places its origin in the late Wuchiapingian. Within the genus, P. zigzag is separated from P. transversa (Huang, 1933) by its larger size, more elongate outline and strongly parasulcate anterior commissure.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3332312FCEBFBBEE3C92648.taxon	description	Figs. 7 F, 15.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3332312FCEBFBBEE3C92648.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — This species has long been regarded as the most typical representative of Squamularia Gemmellaro, 1899 in South China (e. g., Liao 1987; Liang 1990; Xu and Grant 1994; Zeng et al. 1995), though the comparable specimens outside China have been assigned to Permophricodothyris (e. g., Pavlova 1965; Grant 1993). More recently, Shi et al. (2002) altered Chao’s species to Permophricodothyris and described a number of specimens from the 5 th member of the Daijiagou section. It is noteworthy that abundant fragments of the species are preserved in the basal Lungtan Formation at Daijiagou, while a great number of excellent internal molds are present in the 5 th member of the Lungtan Formation at Chuanmu. Of these, a ventral internal mold (NMV P 309621) from Chuanmu is figured here to indicate the presence of Chao’s species in the Lungtan Formation. The muscle scars are well defined on the figured internal mold, they are heart−shaped and raised on a muscle platform; the adductor scars are narrow, elongate, situated medially, and lightly grooved; the diductor scars are broad, chevron in shape with curved sides, meeting anteriorly with one another; the muscle markings of diductor scars are strongly grooved, about 6 – 7 radial lobes on each area (Fig. 15).	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3332313FCEBFC2EE7CD2633.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Permophricodothyris ovata Pavlova, 1965; Wuchiapingian (Late Permian), Caucasus, Azerbaijan.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
03C98792D3322312FFA1FB36E102273B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Spiriferina (Paraspiriferina) ghundiensis Reed, 1944; Capitanian (Middle Permian), Salt Range, Pakistan.	en	Chen, Zhong-Qiang, Campi, Monica J., Shi, Guang R., Kaiho, Kunio (2005): Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (2): 343-363, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620199
