identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C91E07FF91FFB40881FDC1279A7F9D.text	03C91E07FF91FFB40881FDC1279A7F9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccoloba efigeniana J. J. Ortiz-Diaz & J. J. Ancona 2023	<div><p>Coccoloba efigeniana J.J.Ortiz-Díaz &amp; J.J.Ancona sp. nov. (Fig. 1).</p><p>Type:— COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: Cantón de Osa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.56389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.684722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.56389/lat 8.684722)">Finca Eloy Cubero</a>, 08°41′05″N 83°33ʹ50ʺW, 230 m a.s.l., 8 August 1991, Marín 112 (holotype MO!, isotype CR!) .</p><p>Diagnosis:— Coccoloba efigeniana is morphologically similar to C. latifolia Lamarck (1804: 61) and C. mollis Casaretto (1844: 72), but differs in leaf blades papery and densely hirsutulous abaxially, panicle spicate and densely hirsutulous, fruit obpyramidal, 8.0– 8.5 mm long, pilosulous with base truncate, and tepals free at the apex of the achene.</p><p>Description:—Tree 10‒20 m tall; branch internodes 1‒8 × 4‒8 mm. Ochrea 1.4–3.7 cm long, densely pubescent to woolly, yellow-brown to dark brown trichomes, breaking irregularly. Leaves simple, alternate, petiole 1.7–3.0 × 3–7 mm, striated, pubescent, with yellow brown trichomes, inserted at base of the ochrea; leaf blade obovate to oblong-elliptical (15.4–)17.0–25.8 × 9.0–16.0(–19.2) cm, chartaceous, densely hirsutulous abaxially, glabrous to hirsutulous adaxially, with yellow‒brown trichomes, margin entire, apex obtuse to slightly acuminate, base cordate, venation pinnate, reticulate, (9–)10–14 pairs of primary nerves, prominent, pubescent to hirsutulous, with yellowbrown trichomes. Inflorescence panicle, spiked, terminal, 9.5–17.6(–20.0) cm long, densely hirtellous; rachis striate, pulverulent; ochreolae 0.6–0.8 mm long, membranous, pulverulent, apex rounded; flowers 1(2–3) per fascicle, 2.2–3.0 mm long, tepals 5, 0.8–1.4 mm long, whitish. Fruit 8.0– 8.5 mm long × 5–6 mm in diameter, obpyramidal, base truncate, brown, pilosulose. Achene, light brown; embedded in the accrecent hypanthium, almost completely covering the achene; tepals, covering the apex of the achene.</p><p>Eponymy:—The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. Efigenia Melo an expert botanist in South American Coccolobas.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Coccoloba efigeniana is distributed from Costa Rica and Panama to the Guianas in South America (Fig. 4), inhabiting tropical forests at 100–350 m a.s.l.</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering time March–July (sporadic blooms in September); fruiting times August–October.</p><p>Notes:— Coccoloba efigeniana was poorly determined in herbarium specimens. The collections of this species for Costa Rica were identified as C. standleyana Allen (1956: 409), whereas the collections from Panama as C. mollis . The description of C. standleyana was based on sterile specimens (adventitious shoots) which are identical to the sterile specimens that were served to describe C. hirsuta Standley (1929: 303) . Later, Howard (1959b) considered C. hirsuta as a synonym of C. belizensis Standley (1928: 38) . In addition, we confirmed that the adventitious shoots of C. belizensis collected by Howard (specimen Howard et al. 451 at BM) was indicated as the holotype of C. standleyana . Therefore, we have considered C. standleyana to be a synonym of C. belizensis .</p><p>Coccoloba mollis and C. latifolia are two species morphologically very similar to C. efigeniana, but the fruit morphology allows us to discriminate the species. Table 1 compares the morphological characters that are important to delimit and identify these three similar species. C. mollis is widely distributed in South America; C. latifolia is endemic to the Guianas where it grows in sympatry with C. efigeniana and C. mollis .</p><p>Conservation status:— Coccoloba efigeniana is widely distributed from Central America to the South American Guianas. According to the red list criteria (IUCN 2021), this new species does not seem to fall into any of the risk categories, so it is considered a species of minor concern (LC).</p><p>Additional Specimens Examined:— COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: Osa, R.F. Golfo Dulce, península de Osa, entre Quebrada Banegas y Rancho Quemado, 08°41ʹ00ʺN 8°32ʹ30ʺW, 100‒200 m, 14 July 1998, Aguilar 5457 (MO, INB); Cantón de Osa, R.F. Golfo Dulce, península de Osa (cuello de la península) Los Mongos, 8 km de Chacarita, 08°45ʹ38ʺN 83°17ʹ45ʺW, 250 m, 14 November 1933, Hammel et al., 19117 (MO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena Woods, 08°28ʹN 83°35ʹW, 50 m, 2 July 1989, Kernan 1208 (MO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Pavo Forest, poorly drained lowland, 08°27ʹ30ʺN 83°33ʹ38ʺW, 100 m, 14 July 1988, Kernan 700 (MO). GUYANE FRANCAISE. Pisté de Saint-Elié 05°19ʹN 53°02ʹW, 18 March 1984, Foresta 550 (US); Godebert wachenheim legit, 13 July 1921, s.c. s.n.; entre 2 et 3 km á I´Est de la Crique Sparouine: plateu Bastin, 05°15ʹ50ʺN 54°13ʹ40ʺW, 140 m, 23 September 2003, Bardenave et al. 7294 (US). PANAMA —Province of Colón: Santa Rita Ridge, 1 March 1971, Croat 13866 (MO). Province of Panama, along newly cut road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 12 mi. above Pan-Am Hwy. 200 to 500 m, 13 March 1973, Croat 22887 (BM, MEXU); 10 km above Pan-Am highway on road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 150 to 350 m, 23 March 1973, Kennedy &amp; Dressler 2947 (MO). Province of San Blas, comarca de San Blas, El Llano-Cartí Rd. Km 19.1, 09°19ʹN 78°55ʹW, 350 m, 11 February 1985, de Nevers &amp; Cavagnaro 4805 (MO); Comarca de San Blas, vecindad del río Nargandi, tierra firme de Norgana caminando hacia la costa, 09°26ʹN 78°35ʹW, 11 August 1994, Herrera et al. 1750 (MEXU, MO); comarca de San Blas, El Llano-Cartí Rd. Km 19.1, 9°19ʹN 78°55ʹW, 350 m, 11 February 1985, de Nevers &amp; Cavagnaro 4810 (MO); along newly cut road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, Continental divide to 1 mi. from dive, 300-500 m, 30 March 1973, Liesner 1313 (BM, MEXU, MO); comarca de San Blas, El Lano-Carti road. 13.8 km to 19 km from interamerican Hwy. 09°19ʹN 78°55ʹW, 350 m. 3 September 1984, de Nevers &amp; Porras 3818 (MO); comarca de San Blas, El Lano-Carti road. 13.8 km to 19 km from interamerican Hwy. 09°19ʹN 78°55ʹW, 350 m. 1 July 1985, de Nevers 5945 (MO). SURINAME. Zanderij, 16 December 1916, s.c. s.n. (US 03223476). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Río coroní Valley, guayana. 400 m, November 1947, Cardona 2207 (US); Río coroní Valley, guayana. 400 m, November 1947, Cardona 2209 (US).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C91E07FF91FFB40881FDC1279A7F9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ancona, Juan J.;Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J.;Tun-Garrido, Juan	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF93FFB10881FAEF24837BDE.text	03C91E07FF93FFB10881FAEF24837BDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccoloba ibarrae J. J. Ancona & J. J. Ortiz-Diaz 2023	<div><p>Coccoloba ibarrae J.J.Ancona &amp; J.J.Ortiz-Díaz sp. nov. (Figs. 2 and 3)</p><p>Type:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: municipio San Felipe Usila, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.5/lat 17.933332)">Cerro Verde</a> 7 km al NNE de San Felipe Usila, 17°56′ N, 96°30′ W, 1050 m a.s.l., 30 September 1992, Ibarra Manríquez, Meave del Castillo &amp; Vargas 3719 (holotype MEXU!, isotype MO!) .</p><p>Diagnosis: — Coccoloba ibarrae is morphologically similar to C. belizensis from which can be distinguished by leaves chartaceous, glabrous, 20–35(–40) × 14–21(–25) cm, panicles racemose, fruit ovoid, 13–13.75 × 8.6–9.4 mm, glabrous, with prominent ribs, acuminate apex, abruptly contracted base, accrescent hypanthium almost completely covering achene, and tepals free at apex of achene, crowned.</p><p>Description:—Trees 10–25 m tall; branch internodes solid, glabrous, striated. Ochrea 1–1.5 cm long, chartaceous, cilyndrical, glabrous to scabrid, dark brown trichomes. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 2.5–3.5 × 4–7 mm, striated, glabrous to scabrid, dark brown trichomes, inserted at base of the ochrea; leaf-blade elliptical oblong to obovateelliptical, 20–31(–35) × 14‒21(–25) cm, coriaceous to chartaceous, abaxially scabrid, adaxially glabrous, margin entire, apex acute to slightly rounded, base cordate; venation pinnate and reticulate, prominent, scabrid, (9‒)10‒14 pairs of primary nerves. Inflorescence terminal, panicle, racemiform, 17‒22(–25) cm long, raquis striated, glabrous to sparsely acabrid; ochreolae 0.6–0.8 mm long, membranaceous, glabrous, rounded in the apex, yellowish. Flowers solitary or two per fascicle, 1.5–2.0 mm long, short pedicelled, 0.5–1.0 mm long, pedicel on the fruit 2.5–3.5 mm; hypanthium 0.8–1 mm long, green to whitish; tepals 5, 1.0– 1.2 mm long, whitish. Fruit ovoid, 13.00–13.75 × 8.6- 9.4 mm, with prominent ribs, apex acuminate, base rounded, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel, glabrous. Achene included, black; hypanthium accrecent, almost completely covering the achene; perianth lobes free, cover the apex of the achene, crowned.</p><p>Eponymy:— The specific epithet is dedicated to Dr. Guillermo Ibarra Manríquez, collector of the type specimen, and for his dedication to the study of the tropical forests of Veracruz, where the new species is distributed.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Coccoloba ibarrae is endemic to Mexico. This species is distributed in the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz (Fig. 4). It inhabits the tropical rain forests and montane cloud forests at 1100–1500 m a.s.l.</p><p>Phenology:—Flowering time March–June; fruiting time September–October.</p><p>Notes:— Coccoloba ibarrae is similar to C. belizensis, a species distributed in the lowlands of Mesoamerica. C. belizensis inhabits the humid forests of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras. In Mexico it is located in the states of Quintana Roo and Chiapas.</p><p>Conservation status:— Coccoloba ibarrae is found mainly in the montane cloud forests of the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz in southesatern Mexico (Fig. 3). This new species can be classified as vulnerable (VU) in accordance with criteria B1 and B2 of the Red List (IUCN 2021).</p><p>Additional Specimens Examined:— MEXICO, Oaxaca: municipality San Pedro Teutila, El Faro, region La Cañada, 14°59ʹ10.4ʺN 96°39ʹ8ʺW, 1463 m, 14 January 2005, Cruz Espinosa &amp; Juárez G. 2293 (MEXU); municipality Valle Nacional, 3 km al SW de Cerro Mirador, camino a San Juan Palantla, 17°53ʹN 96°22ʹW, 1200 m, 29 April 1993, Ibarra et al. 3850 (MEXU); municipality Valle Nacional, Cerro Mirador 15 km NNW de Valle Nacional, 17°93ʹN 96°22ʹW, 1200 m, 16 October 1992, Meave del Castillo et al. 1535 (MEXU); municipality Valle Nacional, Cerro Mirador, 15 km NNW de Valle Nacional, 17°53ʹN 96°22ʹW, 1200 m, 27 april 1993, Ibarra et al. 3008 (MEXU). Veracruz: municipality Tenochtitlán, 2 km en línea recta al SE (140°) de Tenochtitlán faldas del cerro Gigante o Cipresal, 19°47ʹ99ʺN 96°54ʹ00ʺW, 1200 m, 06 November 2000, Rincón G. &amp; Durán E. 2158 (MEXU); municipality Tenochtitlan, Colorado, camino de terracería, Misantla-Tenochtitlan, 920 m, 27 April 1976, Hernández 190 (MEXU); municipality Yacuatla, 1 km al su de Progreso de Juárez, dirección Barranca de Maíz, 19°48ʹN 96°48ʹW, 1200, 15 January 1990, Gutiérrez-Baez 3807 (MEXU; XAL); municipality Yacuatla, entre Nueva Reforma y El Cedral, 19°50ʹN 96°46ʹW, 1000 m, 06 March 1990, Gutiérrez-Baez 3946 (MEXU); municipality Ixtaczoquitlan, Cerro Buena Vista, 18°53ʹ40ʺN 97°21ʹ5ʺW, 1230 m, 27 September 1995, Juárez L. 750 (MEXU; XAL); municipality Chiconquiaco, Arroyo Colorado, 19°48ʹN 96°47ʹW, 1300 m, 06 March 1990, Gutiérrez-Baez 3940 (MEXU). Municipality Atoyac, Miraflores 9 km al NW de Atoyac, 18°57ʹN 96°49ʹW, 1000, 18 May 1985, Acevedo &amp; Acosta 172 (MEXU, XAL); municipality Juchique de Ferrer, La Cima, Plan de Hayas, 1500 m, 26 June 1976, Hernández 1606 (MEXU); municipality Juchique de Ferrer, Cerro de la Botella, 19°46′09.4″N 96°41ʹ36.8ʺW, 847 m, 24 July 2008, Vázquez MVT8643 (MEXU, UV); Santa Ana Atzacan al N. de Orizaba, 51-B-2, 03 December 1967, 1300, Rosas 888 (MEXU); Carta Blanca, entre Orizaba y Cordoba (Tajitos), 1020 m, 28 May 1967, Rosas 397 (MEXU); municipality Coatepec, en el km 6(en Zoncuantla) carretera vieja Jalapa-Coatepec, 19°27ʹN 96°57ʹW, 1200 m, 7 March 1978, Calzada 4263 (MEXU); municiaplity Coatepec, en Zoncuantla, 4 December 1975, Jiménez A. 107 (MEXU, XAL); municipality La Mina, Las Minas hacia Molinillo, 19°42ʹN 97°08ʹW, Elv. 1300 m, 25 May 1989, Durán E. &amp; Becerra 802 (MEXU, XAL).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C91E07FF93FFB10881FAEF24837BDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ancona, Juan J.;Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J.;Tun-Garrido, Juan	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF96FFB00881F90821FB7C8A.text	03C91E07FF96FFB00881F90821FB7C8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccoloba (sect. Paniculatae)	<div><p>Key for the identification of the species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae occurring in Mexico and Central America</p><p>1 Panicles small, 2‒3(‒4) branches .......................................................................................................................................................2</p><p>- Panicles large,&gt; 5 branches ...............................................................................................................................................................5</p><p>2 Petiole pubescent to puberulent, nerves dense to sparsely puberulent, fruit 9.8‒10.3 × 8.8‒9.14 mm ................. Coccoloba hirtella</p><p>- Petiole glabrous, nerves glabrous, fruit ≤ 8 mm long, ≤ 7.6 mm wide ..............................................................................................3</p><p>3 Leaf blade chartaceous, base asymmetric, apex long acuminate ........................................................................ Coccoloba montana</p><p>- Leaf blade coriaceous, base symmetrical, apex rounded to slightly acute.........................................................................................4</p><p>4 Leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate-obovate, base cuneate, petiole ≤ 1cm long..................................................... Coccoloba lasseri</p><p>- Leaf blade elliptic-oblong, base subcordatae, petiole 1.0– 1.5 cm long .............................................................. Coccoloba matudae</p><p>5 Panicle spiciform ................................................................................................................................................................................6</p><p>- Panicle racemose ................................................................................................................................................................................7</p><p>6 Ochrea, petioles and leaf blades hirsutulous when mature, fruit obpyramidal, pilosulose .............................. Coccoloba efigeniana</p><p>- Ochrea, petioles and leaf blades glabrous when mature, fruit ovoid, glabrous.................................................. Coccoloba belizensis</p><p>7 Leaf-blades obovate to broadly elliptic oblong, glabrous or with few trichomes along the axils beneath, panicle branches glabrous, fruit ovoid without prominent ribs, tepals not crowned ............................................................................... Coccoloba tuerckheimii</p><p>- Leaf blades oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, puberulent beneath, with short trichomes on veins, panicle branches puberulent, fruit ovoid with prominent ribs, tepals crowned ................................................................................................... Coccoloba ibarrae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C91E07FF96FFB00881F90821FB7C8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ancona, Juan J.;Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J.;Tun-Garrido, Juan	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
