taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C91E07FF91FFB40881FDC1279A7F9D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: Cantón de Osa, Finca Eloy Cubero, 08 ° 41 ′ 05 ″ N 83 ° 33 ʹ 50 ʺW, 230 m a. s. l., 8 August 1991, Marín 112 (holotype MO!, isotype CR!).	en	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF91FFB40881FDC1279A7F9D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Coccoloba efigeniana is morphologically similar to C. latifolia Lamarck (1804: 61) and C. mollis Casaretto (1844: 72), but differs in leaf blades papery and densely hirsutulous abaxially, panicle spicate and densely hirsutulous, fruit obpyramidal, 8.0 – 8.5 mm long, pilosulous with base truncate, and tepals free at the apex of the achene.	en	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF91FFB40881FDC1279A7F9D.taxon	description	Description: — Tree 10 ‒ 20 m tall; branch internodes 1 ‒ 8 × 4 ‒ 8 mm. Ochrea 1.4 – 3.7 cm long, densely pubescent to woolly, yellow-brown to dark brown trichomes, breaking irregularly. Leaves simple, alternate, petiole 1.7 – 3.0 × 3 – 7 mm, striated, pubescent, with yellow brown trichomes, inserted at base of the ochrea; leaf blade obovate to oblong-elliptical (15.4 –) 17.0 – 25.8 × 9.0 – 16.0 (– 19.2) cm, chartaceous, densely hirsutulous abaxially, glabrous to hirsutulous adaxially, with yellow ‒ brown trichomes, margin entire, apex obtuse to slightly acuminate, base cordate, venation pinnate, reticulate, (9 –) 10 – 14 pairs of primary nerves, prominent, pubescent to hirsutulous, with yellowbrown trichomes. Inflorescence panicle, spiked, terminal, 9.5 – 17.6 (– 20.0) cm long, densely hirtellous; rachis striate, pulverulent; ochreolae 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, membranous, pulverulent, apex rounded; flowers 1 (2 – 3) per fascicle, 2.2 – 3.0 mm long, tepals 5, 0.8 – 1.4 mm long, whitish. Fruit 8.0 – 8.5 mm long × 5 – 6 mm in diameter, obpyramidal, base truncate, brown, pilosulose. Achene, light brown; embedded in the accrecent hypanthium, almost completely covering the achene; tepals, covering the apex of the achene. Eponymy: — The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. Efigenia Melo an expert botanist in South American Coccolobas.	en	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF91FFB40881FDC1279A7F9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Coccoloba efigeniana is distributed from Costa Rica and Panama to the Guianas in South America (Fig. 4), inhabiting tropical forests at 100 – 350 m a. s. l. Phenology: — Flowering time March – July (sporadic blooms in September); fruiting times August – October. Notes: — Coccoloba efigeniana was poorly determined in herbarium specimens. The collections of this species for Costa Rica were identified as C. standleyana Allen (1956: 409), whereas the collections from Panama as C. mollis. The description of C. standleyana was based on sterile specimens (adventitious shoots) which are identical to the sterile specimens that were served to describe C. hirsuta Standley (1929: 303). Later, Howard (1959 b) considered C. hirsuta as a synonym of C. belizensis Standley (1928: 38). In addition, we confirmed that the adventitious shoots of C. belizensis collected by Howard (specimen Howard et al. 451 at BM) was indicated as the holotype of C. standleyana. Therefore, we have considered C. standleyana to be a synonym of C. belizensis. Coccoloba mollis and C. latifolia are two species morphologically very similar to C. efigeniana, but the fruit morphology allows us to discriminate the species. Table 1 compares the morphological characters that are important to delimit and identify these three similar species. C. mollis is widely distributed in South America; C. latifolia is endemic to the Guianas where it grows in sympatry with C. efigeniana and C. mollis. Conservation status: — Coccoloba efigeniana is widely distributed from Central America to the South American Guianas. According to the red list criteria (IUCN 2021), this new species does not seem to fall into any of the risk categories, so it is considered a species of minor concern (LC). Additional Specimens Examined: — COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: Osa, R. F. Golfo Dulce, península de Osa, entre Quebrada Banegas y Rancho Quemado, 08 ° 41 ʹ 00 ʺN 8 ° 32 ʹ 30 ʺW, 100 ‒ 200 m, 14 July 1998, Aguilar 5457 (MO, INB); Cantón de Osa, R. F. Golfo Dulce, península de Osa (cuello de la península) Los Mongos, 8 km de Chacarita, 08 ° 45 ʹ 38 ʺN 83 ° 17 ʹ 45 ʺW, 250 m, 14 November 1933, Hammel et al., 19117 (MO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena Woods, 08 ° 28 ʹN 83 ° 35 ʹW, 50 m, 2 July 1989, Kernan 1208 (MO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Pavo Forest, poorly drained lowland, 08 ° 27 ʹ 30 ʺN 83 ° 33 ʹ 38 ʺW, 100 m, 14 July 1988, Kernan 700 (MO). GUYANE FRANCAISE. Pisté de Saint-Elié 05 ° 19 ʹN 53 ° 02 ʹW, 18 March 1984, Foresta 550 (US); Godebert wachenheim legit, 13 July 1921, s. c. s. n.; entre 2 et 3 km á I´Est de la Crique Sparouine: plateu Bastin, 05 ° 15 ʹ 50 ʺN 54 ° 13 ʹ 40 ʺW, 140 m, 23 September 2003, Bardenave et al. 7294 (US). PANAMA — Province of Colón: Santa Rita Ridge, 1 March 1971, Croat 13866 (MO). Province of Panama, along newly cut road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 12 mi. above Pan-Am Hwy. 200 to 500 m, 13 March 1973, Croat 22887 (BM, MEXU); 10 km above Pan-Am highway on road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 150 to 350 m, 23 March 1973, Kennedy & Dressler 2947 (MO). Province of San Blas, comarca de San Blas, El Llano-Cartí Rd. Km 19.1, 09 ° 19 ʹN 78 ° 55 ʹW, 350 m, 11 February 1985, de Nevers & Cavagnaro 4805 (MO); Comarca de San Blas, vecindad del río Nargandi, tierra firme de Norgana caminando hacia la costa, 09 ° 26 ʹN 78 ° 35 ʹW, 11 August 1994, Herrera et al. 1750 (MEXU, MO); comarca de San Blas, El Llano-Cartí Rd. Km 19.1, 9 ° 19 ʹN 78 ° 55 ʹW, 350 m, 11 February 1985, de Nevers & Cavagnaro 4810 (MO); along newly cut road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, Continental divide to 1 mi. from dive, 300 - 500 m, 30 March 1973, Liesner 1313 (BM, MEXU, MO); comarca de San Blas, El Lano-Carti road. 13.8 km to 19 km from interamerican Hwy. 09 ° 19 ʹN 78 ° 55 ʹW, 350 m. 3 September 1984, de Nevers & Porras 3818 (MO); comarca de San Blas, El Lano-Carti road. 13.8 km to 19 km from interamerican Hwy. 09 ° 19 ʹN 78 ° 55 ʹW, 350 m. 1 July 1985, de Nevers 5945 (MO). SURINAME. Zanderij, 16 December 1916, s. c. s. n. (US 03223476). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Río coroní Valley, guayana. 400 m, November 1947, Cardona 2207 (US); Río coroní Valley, guayana. 400 m, November 1947, Cardona 2209 (US).	en	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF93FFB10881FAEF24837BDE.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: municipio San Felipe Usila, Cerro Verde 7 km al NNE de San Felipe Usila, 17 ° 56 ′ N, 96 ° 30 ′ W, 1050 m a. s. l., 30 September 1992, Ibarra Manríquez, Meave del Castillo & Vargas 3719 (holotype MEXU!, isotype MO!).	en	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF93FFB10881FAEF24837BDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Coccoloba ibarrae is morphologically similar to C. belizensis from which can be distinguished by leaves chartaceous, glabrous, 20 – 35 (– 40) × 14 – 21 (– 25) cm, panicles racemose, fruit ovoid, 13 – 13.75 × 8.6 – 9.4 mm, glabrous, with prominent ribs, acuminate apex, abruptly contracted base, accrescent hypanthium almost completely covering achene, and tepals free at apex of achene, crowned.	en	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF93FFB10881FAEF24837BDE.taxon	description	Description: — Trees 10 – 25 m tall; branch internodes solid, glabrous, striated. Ochrea 1 – 1.5 cm long, chartaceous, cilyndrical, glabrous to scabrid, dark brown trichomes. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole 2.5 – 3.5 × 4 – 7 mm, striated, glabrous to scabrid, dark brown trichomes, inserted at base of the ochrea; leaf-blade elliptical oblong to obovateelliptical, 20 – 31 (– 35) × 14 ‒ 21 (– 25) cm, coriaceous to chartaceous, abaxially scabrid, adaxially glabrous, margin entire, apex acute to slightly rounded, base cordate; venation pinnate and reticulate, prominent, scabrid, (9 ‒) 10 ‒ 14 pairs of primary nerves. Inflorescence terminal, panicle, racemiform, 17 ‒ 22 (– 25) cm long, raquis striated, glabrous to sparsely acabrid; ochreolae 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, membranaceous, glabrous, rounded in the apex, yellowish. Flowers solitary or two per fascicle, 1.5 – 2.0 mm long, short pedicelled, 0.5 – 1.0 mm long, pedicel on the fruit 2.5 – 3.5 mm; hypanthium 0.8 – 1 mm long, green to whitish; tepals 5, 1.0 – 1.2 mm long, whitish. Fruit ovoid, 13.00 – 13.75 × 8.6 - 9.4 mm, with prominent ribs, apex acuminate, base rounded, abruptly contracted at junction with pedicel, glabrous. Achene included, black; hypanthium accrecent, almost completely covering the achene; perianth lobes free, cover the apex of the achene, crowned. Eponymy: — The specific epithet is dedicated to Dr. Guillermo Ibarra Manríquez, collector of the type specimen, and for his dedication to the study of the tropical forests of Veracruz, where the new species is distributed.	en	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
03C91E07FF93FFB10881FAEF24837BDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Coccoloba ibarrae is endemic to Mexico. This species is distributed in the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz (Fig. 4). It inhabits the tropical rain forests and montane cloud forests at 1100 – 1500 m a. s. l. Phenology: — Flowering time March – June; fruiting time September – October. Notes: — Coccoloba ibarrae is similar to C. belizensis, a species distributed in the lowlands of Mesoamerica. C. belizensis inhabits the humid forests of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras. In Mexico it is located in the states of Quintana Roo and Chiapas. Conservation status: — Coccoloba ibarrae is found mainly in the montane cloud forests of the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz in southesatern Mexico (Fig. 3). This new species can be classified as vulnerable (VU) in accordance with criteria B 1 and B 2 of the Red List (IUCN 2021). Additional Specimens Examined: — MEXICO, Oaxaca: municipality San Pedro Teutila, El Faro, region La Cañada, 14 ° 59 ʹ 10.4 ʺN 96 ° 39 ʹ 8 ʺW, 1463 m, 14 January 2005, Cruz Espinosa & Juárez G. 2293 (MEXU); municipality Valle Nacional, 3 km al SW de Cerro Mirador, camino a San Juan Palantla, 17 ° 53 ʹN 96 ° 22 ʹW, 1200 m, 29 April 1993, Ibarra et al. 3850 (MEXU); municipality Valle Nacional, Cerro Mirador 15 km NNW de Valle Nacional, 17 ° 93 ʹN 96 ° 22 ʹW, 1200 m, 16 October 1992, Meave del Castillo et al. 1535 (MEXU); municipality Valle Nacional, Cerro Mirador, 15 km NNW de Valle Nacional, 17 ° 53 ʹN 96 ° 22 ʹW, 1200 m, 27 april 1993, Ibarra et al. 3008 (MEXU). Veracruz: municipality Tenochtitlán, 2 km en línea recta al SE (140 °) de Tenochtitlán faldas del cerro Gigante o Cipresal, 19 ° 47 ʹ 99 ʺN 96 ° 54 ʹ 00 ʺW, 1200 m, 06 November 2000, Rincón G. & Durán E. 2158 (MEXU); municipality Tenochtitlan, Colorado, camino de terracería, Misantla-Tenochtitlan, 920 m, 27 April 1976, Hernández 190 (MEXU); municipality Yacuatla, 1 km al su de Progreso de Juárez, dirección Barranca de Maíz, 19 ° 48 ʹN 96 ° 48 ʹW, 1200, 15 January 1990, Gutiérrez-Baez 3807 (MEXU; XAL); municipality Yacuatla, entre Nueva Reforma y El Cedral, 19 ° 50 ʹN 96 ° 46 ʹW, 1000 m, 06 March 1990, Gutiérrez-Baez 3946 (MEXU); municipality Ixtaczoquitlan, Cerro Buena Vista, 18 ° 53 ʹ 40 ʺN 97 ° 21 ʹ 5 ʺW, 1230 m, 27 September 1995, Juárez L. 750 (MEXU; XAL); municipality Chiconquiaco, Arroyo Colorado, 19 ° 48 ʹN 96 ° 47 ʹW, 1300 m, 06 March 1990, Gutiérrez-Baez 3940 (MEXU). Municipality Atoyac, Miraflores 9 km al NW de Atoyac, 18 ° 57 ʹN 96 ° 49 ʹW, 1000, 18 May 1985, Acevedo & Acosta 172 (MEXU, XAL); municipality Juchique de Ferrer, La Cima, Plan de Hayas, 1500 m, 26 June 1976, Hernández 1606 (MEXU); municipality Juchique de Ferrer, Cerro de la Botella, 19 ° 46 ′ 09.4 ″ N 96 ° 41 ʹ 36.8 ʺW, 847 m, 24 July 2008, Vázquez MVT 8643 (MEXU, UV); Santa Ana Atzacan al N. de Orizaba, 51 - B- 2, 03 December 1967, 1300, Rosas 888 (MEXU); Carta Blanca, entre Orizaba y Cordoba (Tajitos), 1020 m, 28 May 1967, Rosas 397 (MEXU); municipality Coatepec, en el km 6 (en Zoncuantla) carretera vieja Jalapa-Coatepec, 19 ° 27 ʹN 96 ° 57 ʹW, 1200 m, 7 March 1978, Calzada 4263 (MEXU); municiaplity Coatepec, en Zoncuantla, 4 December 1975, Jiménez A. 107 (MEXU, XAL); municipality La Mina, Las Minas hacia Molinillo, 19 ° 42 ʹN 97 ° 08 ʹW, Elv. 1300 m, 25 May 1989, Durán E. & Becerra 802 (MEXU, XAL).	en	Ancona, Juan J., Ortiz-Díaz, Juan J., Tun-Garrido, Juan (2023): Coccoloba efigeniana and C. ibarrae, two new species of Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae Meisn. (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 599 (2): 100-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.2.2
