identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D687C87B2E1A4BD594FD6397EFFBED.text	03D687C87B2E1A4BD594FD6397EFFBED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rodeosuchus Jouve & Muizon & Cespedes-Paz & Sossa-Soruco & Knoll 2021	<div><p>RODEOSUCHUS GEN. NOV.</p> <p>LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5FF9D13A-1830- 4906-AE23-D6F90DF2A125</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The name refers to Rodeo, the name of the river that passes close to the type locality (Cementerio de Tortugas), and the Latinized Ancient Greek name Σοῦχος, Soûkhos, used for the Egyptian crocodile god Sobek.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>As for the only known species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B2E1A4BD594FD6397EFFBED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
03D687C87B2E1A4BD5D4FB5F9781F88C.text	03D687C87B2E1A4BD5D4FB5F9781F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rodeosuchus machukiru Jouve & Muizon & Cespedes-Paz & Sossa-Soruco & Knoll 2021	<div><p>RODEOSUCHUS MACHUKIRU SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 5A–D)</p> <p>L S I D: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 5B A F E A 0 4- F490-4589-8AF9-F534D3D81989</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>From Quechua machu kiru, meaning large teeth, in reference to the size of the teeth observed in the species. The name is a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>MHNC.13829, holotype, a nearly complete skull lacking the posterior palatal surface and most of the basicranium.</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Cementerio de Tortugas, a field in a place known as Molle Cancha, close to the village of Torotoro, Charcas Province, Department of Potosí, Bolivia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B2E1A4BD5D4FB5F9781F88C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
03D687C87B241A43D770FBDD911FFB4A.text	03D687C87B241A43D770FBDD911FFB4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rodeosuchus machukiru	<div><p>RODEOSUCHUS MACHUKIRU</p> <p>(FIGS 9–12)</p> <p>Description and comparison</p> <p>Both specimens have a similar snout proportion and tooth pattern, with an enlarged third maxillary tooth and a strongly expanded premaxilla (Figs 9, 10). As a result of these similarities, they are referred to the same species. The snout is narrow and short, with snout composing 59% of the skull length in MHNC.13829 and estimated to 62% in MHNC.14067. It is shorter than in most of the short-snouted dyrosaurids, such as Chenanisuchus lateroculi Jouve et al., 2005a, Co. bequaerti, North American Hyposaurus, H. derbianus (Jouve et al., 2008b) and So. ianwilsoni. These proportions are found only in Ce. improcerus (Hastings et al., 2010) from Colombia, with the snout being much shorter in Anthracosuchus balrogus. The interorbital distance is narrow, differing from Anthracosuchus balrogus and Chenanisuchus lateroculi, and differs from Anthracosuchus balrogus, Ce. improcerus and Chenanisuchus lateroculi in having a narrow interfenestral bar between the supratemporal fenestrae. The frontal is widely exposed within the anteromedial portion of the supratemporal fenestra, forming a large surface, as in Chenanisuchus lateroculi. Also, the postorbital bar is more robust than is known for all other dyrosaurids (Fig. 12). The diameter of the teeth also varies along the maxillary tooth row, with the third tooth being the largest (Figs 9, 11). This variation in size is observed in Phosphatosaurus gavialoides and So. ianwilsoni, but Phosphatosaurus gavialoides has a longer and more robust snout. Also, So. ianwilsoni differs in having a strongly ornamented frontal, whereas it is nearly smooth in Rodeosuchus machukiru. Compared with the specimens found in Blanco Rancho, the alveoli are much larger and the interalveolar distances shorter in the specimens from Torotoro. These characters are found in the mandibles from Tiupampa (see above and Fig. 5A–D). Given that the material found in Tiupampa is composed only of mandibles, whereas that from Torotoro is only skulls, comparison is difficult, but the dyrosaurids from both localities are provisionally considered here as belonging to the same species. Furthermore, because the Tiupampa and Torotoro specimens differ strongly from previously known species, they are described here as a new genus and species, Rodeosuchus machukiru.</p> <p>BLANCO RANCHO CROCODYLIFORMS</p> <p>Numerous dyrosaurid remains have been found in Blanco Rancho. Four portions of skulls, two mandibles and many postcranial remains come from this locality (Figs 13–17). A skull was found associated with three cervical vertebrae (Fig. 15A–E) and another with a wellpreserved mandible (Fig. 14A–F). This allows referral of the cranial material to two different genera and species.</p> <p>DYROSAURIDAE DE STEFANO, 1903</p> <p>HYPOSAURINAE NOPCSA, 1928</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B241A43D770FBDD911FFB4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
03D687C87B261A43D740F95397EFFA97.text	03D687C87B261A43D740F95397EFFA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dorbignysuchus Jouve & Muizon & Cespedes-Paz & Sossa-Soruco & Knoll 2021	<div><p>DORBIGNYSUCHUS GEN. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 13–15)</p> <p>L S I D: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 8 D F 7 0 2 5 3 - 7362-467F-961C-130026FFB248</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Named in honor of French naturalist Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d’Orbigny (6 September 1802 to 30 June 1857), Professor of Palaeontology at the Paris Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, who explored South America, including Bolivia, during the 19 th century. The suffix - suchus is derived from the Ancient Greek name Σοῦχος, used for the Egyptian crocodile god Sobek.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>As for the only known species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B261A43D740F95397EFFA97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
03D687C87B261A43D5C6FA9B97FAF89C.text	03D687C87B261A43D5C6FA9B97FAF89C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dorbignysuchus niatu Jouve & Muizon & Cespedes-Paz & Sossa-Soruco & Knoll 2021	<div><p>DORBIGNYSUCHUS NIATU SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 13–15)</p> <p>L S I D: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 7 0 F 0 0 E 0 0 - 4C00-44E1-B9F3-C9285047388B</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Latinization of the Quechua ñat’u, meaning short nose, in reference to the short size of the snout of the species. It is a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>MHNC.13500, a partial skull and mandible belonging to the same individual (Fig. 14).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B261A43D5C6FA9B97FAF89C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
03D687C87B391A5CD58CFD6997FDFBA6.text	03D687C87B391A5CD58CFD6997FDFBA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciasuchus Jouve & Muizon & Cespedes-Paz & Sossa-Soruco & Knoll 2021	<div><p>LUCIASUCHUS GEN. NOV.</p> <p>L S I D: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 5 8 E 5 5 2 9 5 - B8DB-4739-AF13-75F7AF545F32</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>In reference to the formation Santa Lucía, in which the holotype has been found, and the suffix -suchus, referring to crocodyles, from Ancient Greek Σοῦχος.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>As for the only known species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B391A5CD58CFD6997FDFBA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
03D687C87B391A5CD5C9FBA59621F90C.text	03D687C87B391A5CD5C9FBA59621F90C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luciasuchus lurusinqa Jouve & Muizon & Cespedes-Paz & Sossa-Soruco & Knoll 2021	<div><p>LUCIASUCHUS LURUSINQA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 16)</p> <p>LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 333BCBED-7F2E- 4F8E-9028-4523E80D0FF9</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>From the Quechua lurusinqa, long nose, in reference to the length of the snout of the species. It is a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>MHNC.14061, an anterior portion of a snout and mandible (Fig. 16).</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Blanco Rancho, North of Anzaldo, Esteban Arce Province, Department of Cochabamba, Bolivia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B391A5CD5C9FBA59621F90C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
03D687C87B311A56D56CFD1C9266FE85.text	03D687C87B311A56D56CFD1C9266FE85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyrosauridae	<div><p>Dyrosauridae</p> <p>Known Maastrichtian South American crocodyliforms are restricted to terrestrial sebecosuchians and aquatic crocodyliforms. Two groups have been described in the aquatic crocodyliforms from North and South America: dyrosaurids and crocodylians. The Late Cretaceous dyrosaurids are scarce on the American continents. Two possible dyrosaurids have been described, one from the Maastrichtian of northern Bolivia (see above) and six vertebrae from Colombia. Only one vertebra was illustrated by Langston (1965). It bears a large hypapophysis and strongly resembles dyrosaurid vertebrae in the shape of its centrum, i.e. higher than wide and heart-shaped (Langston, 1965). Nevertheless, the possibility cannot be completely excluded that these vertebrae might belong to a sebecosuchian, even if this hypothesis is doubtful to us. The stratigraphic ages of the remains have been debated and should be confirmed, and it can therefore not be excluded that both were Palaeocene in age (see above).</p> <p>The dyrosaurid H. derbianus has also been described from the Pernambuco Basin of Brazil, but as stated by Barbosa et al. (2008), no exact location has been provided in the original description for the type specimen of H. derbianus (Cope, 1885, 1886), only equivalence to the Fox Hills Formation of the USA. Contrary to what is usually considered, it has not been stated clearly that the Hyposaurus remains described by Cope come from the Palaeocene Maria Farinha Formation of the Pernambuco Province. In this province, the Maastrichtian Gramame Formation is also present. Cope (1885, 1886) noted from the same locality as H. derbianus the presence of Apocodon sericeus Cope, (1886), which is absent from the Gramame Formation but found in the Danian Maria Farinha Formation (de Santana et al., 2011), but also the shark Squalicorax pristodontus (Agassiz, 1843), an elasmobranch taxon that occurs in the Campanian– Maastrichtian Gramame Formation. Therefore, Cope might have examined a mixed assortment of fossils that lacked clear stratigraphic provenance (de Santana et al., 2011). Numerous marine reptiles have been described from the Gramame Formation, such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs (Price, 1953, 1957; Azevedo &amp; Carvalho, 1997; Kellner &amp; Campos, 1999), but no crocodyliforms. However, several crocodyliform remains have been described from the Danian Maria Farinha Formation, such as Guarinisuchus munizi (Barbosa et al., 2008) and isolated material (de Carvalho &amp; de Azevedo, 1997; Gallo et al., 2001). Examination of the holotype of H. derbianus by one of us (S.J.) did not find any morphological differences with G. munizi, and no comparison with this species has been provided by Barbosa et al. (2008). Both species have moderately long symphyses, reaching the level of the 14 th –15 th dentary tooth, and are slightly wider than high. Therefore, awaiting formal revision of the type material of H. derbianus, we consider G. munizi as a probable junior synonym of H. derbianus. All these arguments also suggest that the type material of H. derbianus probably comes from the Danian Maria Farinha Formation, like all other dyrosaurid remains found in Pernambuco province. The attribution of H. derbianus to the genus Hyposaurus was suggested as doubtful (Jouve, 2004), but the present phylogenetic analysis confirms the original attribution, because this species is the sister taxon to H. natator (Fig. 18).</p> <p>In North America, two valid dyrosaurid species have been described: Hyposaurus rogersii Owen, 1849 and H. natator. Hyposaurus rogersii was described from two isolated vertebrae. The vertebrae are so poorly preserved that no diagnostic character can be established from its holotype (Norell &amp; Storrs, 1989). Moreover, the remains described from North America suggest the possible presence of two dyrosaurid species in North America. NJSM 10416, illustrated by Denton et al. (1997), has a lateromedially straight anterior margin of its supratemporal fenestra, a narrow interorbital distance, and the anteriormost portion of the frontal in the supratemporal fenestra is wider than the interorbital distance. These characters are found in the holotype of H. natator described by Troxell (1925) and illustrated by Callahan et al. (2015). Therefore, the three specimens are probably from the same species. NJSM 10861, illustrated by Denton et al. (1997), differs in having a curved anterior margin of its supratemporal fenestra, a flatter and wider interorbital distance (wider than nasal), fused nasals (unfused in H. natator) and a posterior margin of the parietal that is not concave. Thus, awaiting a formal revision of the North American dyrosaurid material and possible intraspecific variability, we consider H. rogersii as a nomen dubium (following Norell &amp; Storrs, 1989), H. natator as the only valid North American species, and NJSM 10861 as Hyposaurus sp., a possible different species. This also questions the validity of the genus Hyposaurus, because its type species is the dubious H. rogersii, with a holotype that does not have any diagnostic characters at the generic level, but this is beyond the scope of the present paper.</p> <p>North American Hyposaurus was previously described as a Maastrichtian–Palaeocene dyrosaurid. Maastrichtian remains come from the main fossiliferous layer and upper fossiliferous layer of the Hornerstown Formation in southern New Jersey and the Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation from Alabama. Recent re-evaluation stated that these formations were from the early Danian strata (Parris, 1986; Landman et al., 2007; Callahan et al., 2015; Wiest et al., 2016). Hyposaurus natator is thus unknown from Maastrichtian layers, and clearly identifiable specimens are restricted to the Danian (Callahan et al., 2015). Given that the Thanetian North American remains are formed only by unidentifiable postcranial remains, remains from this stage should be considered as Dyrosauridae indet. Several dyrosaurid remains have been reported from the Maastrichtian Navesink Formation, but many of the earliest records of dyrosaurids are from localities that were poorly described and recorded, and because both the Navesink and Hornerstown formations appear similar in outcrop composition, there was a great deal of confusion regarding the exact horizon that yielded these fossils. A careful review should indicate that none of the New Jersey specimens can be placed accurately in the Navesink or New Egypt Formations, and therefore, there should be no unequivocal evidence of the taxon below the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary (Wayne Callahan, personal communication, 2017). Therefore, the stratigraphic origin of the North American dyrosaurid remains needs to be re-examined.</p> <p>A recent paper also described a new dyrosaurid from the Maastrichtian of Mexico, Sabinosuchus coahuilensis Shiller et al. (2016), but the material is poorly preserved, and numerous characters make the attribution of the specimen to a dyrosaurid particularly doubtful. Sabinosuchus coahuilensis is found to be a pholidosaurid in the present phylogenetic analysis (Supporting Information, Fig. S1; Jouve &amp; Jalil, 2020). Thus, the presence of Dyrosauridae is not known with certainty in Maastrichtian North American Formations, and only poor remains with uncertain determinations have been found in South America.</p> <p>In summary, the presence of dyrosaurids during the Late Cretaceous in American continents is still unclear and is represented by only fragmentary material from Colombia and Bolivia, if these remains are confirmed as being dyrosaurids, and in North America, if the stratigraphic origin of North American remains is clarified.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B311A56D56CFD1C9266FE85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
03D687C87B331A56D56CFEF390A8FB9A.text	03D687C87B331A56D56CFEF390A8FB9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dyrosauridae	<div><p>Dyrosauridae</p> <p>The early Palaeocene Bolivian dyrosaurid fauna seems to have been well diversified, with at least three species (Table 2). Three of them are found in the Tiupampa ‘Quarry’, one of them in Torotoro and at least two in Blanco Rancho. All three species are new to science. This dyrosaurid fauna is formed by a large, tube-snouted form with slender teeth, a smaller, slender, short-snouted form with slender teeth, and a species with a short snout and large and probably robust teeth. The morphology of these dyrosaurids is distributed into three different morphological guilds characterized by their snout length/tooth size associations. This separation probably limited the diet competition between the three contemporaneous species, a distribution previously observed in dyrosaurids from the Oulad Abdoun Basin of Morocco in several stratigraphic levels (Jouve, 2004; Bardet et al., 2010), the Palaeocene of the Cerrejon Formation in Colombia (Hastings, 2012) and the middle Eocene of Germany (Hastings &amp; Hellmund, 2017). Such niche partitioning has also been suggested for Mesozoic marine thalattosuchians (de Andrade &amp; Young, 2008), freshwater crocodyliforms (Moreno-Bernal et al., 2006) and marine Mesozoic squamates (Bardet, 2012; Bardet et al., 2015).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687C87B331A56D56CFEF390A8FB9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jouve, Stéphane;Muizon, Christian De;Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo;Sossa-Soruco, Víctor;Knoll, Stephane	Jouve, Stéphane, Muizon, Christian De, Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo, Sossa-Soruco, Víctor, Knoll, Stephane (2021): The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 475-509
