taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D687DFE14AFF9AE7C9D614FD63A9D4.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet (superlative of the Latin adjective curtus: short) refers to the conspicuously short elytra. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 1.6 - 1.9 mm; length of forebody 0.8 - 0.9 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1. Coloration: forebody dark-reddish, often with the elytra slightly paler; abdomen with the base (segments III-V) blackish-brown to blackish and the apex more or less extensively reddish to reddish-brown; legs dark-brown with yellow tarsi, tibiae often yellowish-brown; antennae yellowish. Head transversely wedge-shaped; punctation coarse, dense, rugose, and largely confluent (Fig. 2). Eyes slightly shorter than postocular region in dorsal view. Antennae short, not reaching posterior margin of head. Pronotum strongly transverse, approximately 1.5 times as broad as long and 1.2 times as broad as head; posterior margin convexly produced in the middle; on either side of middle with narrow longitudinal impression posteriorly forming an oval pit; lateral portion separated from median portion by extensive impression; punctation coarse, rugose, and largely confluent (Fig. 2); dorsal surface almost matt. Elytra extremely short, less than half as long as pronotum; each elytron with three folds and laterally sharply edged; punctation somewhat rugose and weakly defined (Fig. 3). Hind wings completely reduced. Abdomen approximately as broad as elytra; punctation moderately dense and granulose; interstices with shallow, but distinct microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe.: sternite VIII with moderately deep, broadly V-shaped posterior excision; aedeagus approximately 0.33 mm long and apically very acute in ventral view (Fig. 4). C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: AccordingtoPUTHZ (pers. comm.), the new species is allied to O. flavescens (KISTNER 1961) and related species. It is distinguished from the Afrotropical representatives of this group by the shorter elytra and by the morphology of the aedeagus. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The species is currently known only from one locality in the Haghier mountain range, Socotra, where it is probably endemic, as is suggested by the extremely reduced elytra and hind wings. The specimens were sifted from leaf litter and soil at an altitude of 1450 m, together with two undescribed species of Edaphus MOTSCHULSKY 1856.	en	Assing, V. (2012): On the Staphylinidae of Socotra Island, Yemen (Insecta: Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2): 973-986, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10107390
03D687DFE148FF98E7C9D7E2FDB3A92C.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: This species is dedicated to my friend and colleague Peter Hlaváč, to whom I owe numerous Staphylinidae from Socotra, including the type material of several species described in the present paper. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 1.5 - 1.9 mm; length of forebody 0.8 - 0.9 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 5. Coloration: forebody pale yellowish brown; abdomen brown with yellowish apex; legs, antennae, and mouthparts yellowish. Whole forebody without appreciable punctation, smooth and glossy. Head transverse; frons deeply and sharply impressed, laterally and posteriorly sharply delimited; impression separated from lateral portions by distinct and curved elevation. Eyes small, almost extending to posterior margin of head posteriorly. Antennae moderately slender, extending approximately to middle of pronotum. Pronotum approximately 1.1 times as broad as long and about as broad as head; lateral margins distinctly sinuate near posterior angles; on either side with sharp postero-lateral carina of approximately 1 / 3 the length of pronotum extending anteriad from posterior angle; near posterior margin with short median keel, on either side of this keel with a large and occasionally with an additional small fovea (Fig. 6). Elytra short, approximately 0.7 times as long as pronotum; laterally with shallow longitudinal impression, laterad of this impression somewhat elevated; humeral angles with distinct and almost sharp elevation. Hind wings completely reduced. Abdomen slightly broader than elytra; tergite III without median keel; tergites with distinct microsculpture and much less glossy than forebody; punctation not noticeable at magnification of 60 x; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe.: sternite VIII with rather deep and U-shaped posterior excision; aedeagus (Figs 7 - 8) approximately 0.24 mm long and apically very acute in ventral view; paramere subapically with setose projection. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: According to PUTHZ (pers. comm.), E. hlavaci is distinguished from all impunctate, microphthalmous, and micropterous Afrotropical Edaphus species with a flat frons and with a humeral elevation, e. g., E. luberoensis PUTHZ 1992 from Congo, by the morphology of the aedeagus, particularly also the subapical setose projections of the parameres. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The type locality, the hypothesised distribution, and the circumstances of collection are identical to those of Octavius curtissimus (see above).	en	Assing, V. (2012): On the Staphylinidae of Socotra Island, Yemen (Insecta: Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2): 973-986, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10107390
03D687DFE148FF99E7C9D2B5FD55A832.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from Socotra, where this species is probably endemic. D e s c r i p t i o n: Minute species; body length 1.1 - 1.2 mm; length of forebody 0.6 mm. Coloration: whole body dark-yellowish; legs, antennae, and mouthparts yellowish. Whole forebody without appreciable punctation, smooth and glossy. Head transverse; frons deeply and sharply impressed, laterally and posteriorly sharply delimited; impression separated from lateral portions by distinct elevation. Eyes small and with large ommatidia, almost extending to posterior margin of head posteriorly. Antennae slender, almost reaching posterior margin of pronotum; antennomere X relatively long and weakly transverse. Pronotum almost as long as broad and approximately 1.1 times as broad as head; lateral margins distinctly sinuate near posterior angles; posteriorly with five carinae and four distinct foveae. Elytra short, approximately 0.7 times as long as pronotum; humeral angles with distinct and almost sharp elevation. Hind wings completely reduced. Abdomen approximately as broad as combined width of elytra; tergites without distinct microsculpture and glossy; punctation very fine and sparse; tergite III without median keel; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe.: sternite VIII with deep and U-shaped posterior excision; aedeagus 0.2 mm long and of distinctive shape (Fig. 9); paramere subapically with setose projection. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: According to PUTHZ (pers. comm.), E. socotranus is distinguished from all similarly minute, impunctate, microphthalmous, and micropterous Afrotropical Edaphus species with a flat frons and with a humeral elevation, e. g., E. kabobomontis PUTHZ 1992 from Congo, by a longer antennomere X, the presence of four less distinctly separated basal foveae on the pronotum, the absence of a median keel on the abdominal tergite III, and particularly by the morphology of the aedeagus. It is readily separated from the syntopic E. hlavaci particularly by much smaller size, longer antennae, the differently shaped pronotum, the absence of distinct microsculpture on the abdomen, and by the completely different morphology of the aedeagus. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The type locality, the hypothesised distribution, and the circumstances of collection are identical to those of Octavius curtissimus and Edaphus hlavaci (see above).	en	Assing, V. (2012): On the Staphylinidae of Socotra Island, Yemen (Insecta: Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2): 973-986, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10107390
03D687DFE149FF97E7C9D39EFD81A867.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is an adjective derived from Socotra, where this species is probably endemic. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 5.3 - 6.0 mm; length of forebody 2.2 mm. Habitus of holotype as in Fig. 10. Coloration: forebody dark castaneous; abdomen dark-brown to blackish; legs dark-yellowish; antennae yellowish-red. Head (Fig. 11) strongly transverse, approximately 1.4 times as wide as long; posterior margin concave in the middle; frons practically impunctate; punctation of vertex moderately dense, rather coarse, and defined; interstices glossy, without microsculpture, on average broader than diameter of punctures. Eyes of moderate size, slightly shorter than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna approximately 1.2 mm long; antennomeres III- VIII weakly oblong, IX-X approximately as long as broad. Mandibles long, slender, and curved, not dentate. Pronotum (Fig. 11) flattened, weakly convex in cross-section, indistinctly oblong and of subtrapezoid shape, at anterior angles approximately as wide as head, and distinctly tapering posteriad; posterior angles abruptly rounded, moderately marked; punctation as coarse as that of head, but somewhat denser; interstices without microsculpture, on average approximately as broad as diameter of punctures. Elytra short and narrow, approximately 0.75 times as long and 0.9 times as broad as pronotum, distinctly widened posteriad (Fig. 11); humeral angles almost obsolete; punctures even larger than those of pronotum, but less defined; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings completely reduced. Metatarsomere I longer than the combined length of II and III. Abdomen (Fig. 12) long and slender, broader than elytra; maximal width at segment VII; punctation coarse and dense, denser on anterior than on posterior tergites; interstices without microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe.: sternite VIII oblong, distinctly tapering posteriad, and with small, V-shaped posterior excision (Fig. 13); aedeagus as in Figs 14 - 15. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: The only other Pinophilinus species with short elytra and reduced hind wings in the region is P. schatzmayri (KOCH 1934) from the south of the Sinai peninsula. This species, however, is distinguished from P. socotranus by larger body size (7 mm), paler coloration (body yellowish-red), a wider head (wider than pronotum), a densely punctate vertex, the less extensively impunctate frons, the more oblong pronotum (approximately 1.25 times as long as broad) with a laterally finer punctation, the presence of a pair of posterior impressions on the pronotum, the posteriorly subparallel lateral margins of the elytra. For more details see KOCH (1934). The male sexual characters of P. schatzmayri are unknown. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The type locality and the circumstances of collection are identical to those of Octavius curtissimus, Edaphus hlavaci, and E. socotranus (see above). The short elytra and reduced hind wings suggest that the species is endemic to Socotra.	en	Assing, V. (2012): On the Staphylinidae of Socotra Island, Yemen (Insecta: Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2): 973-986, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10107390
03D687DFE147FF95E7C9D363FDC5AFBD.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: slender, meagre) alludes to the conspicuously slender aedeagus. C o m m e n t: The description is based on the holotype and the first female paratype. The other two specimens were examined and returned to the NMNHP prior to the description. D e s c r i p t i o n: Body length 3.5 - 4.0 mm; length of forebody 2.1 mm. Habitus of holotype as in Fig. 16. Coloration: head, pronotum, and abdomen blackish-brown to blackish; elytra dark-brown; legs brown with paler tarsi; antennae dark-brown with reddish to reddish-brown antennomeres I and II. Head (Fig. 17) approximately a long as broad; lateral margins subparallel; dorsal surface matt owing to the extremely dense and finely granulose punctation; frons less densely punctured and with subdued shine (Fig. 20). Eyes large, slightly shorter than postocular region in dorsal view. Antennae approximately 1.1 mm long, not particularly slender; antennomere III slender, approximately three times as long as broad and longer than II; IV distinctly shorter than III, slightly less than twice as long as broad; V-VIII of gradually decreasing length and decreasingly oblong; IX approximately as broad as long; X weakly transverse. Pronotum (Fig. 17) indistinctly transverse and 1.10 - 1.15 times as broad as head; surface with extremely dense, finely granulose micropunctation (Fig. 21) and additional, moderately dense, shallow, barely noticeable macropunctures; surface matt. Elytra long and large, 1.15 - 1.20 times as long as, and much broader than pronotum (Fig. 17); punctation extremely dense, finely granulose (Fig. 22); surface matt. Hind wings fully developed. Protarsomeres dilated in both sexes. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II and III. Abdomen narrower than elytra; punctation fine and extremely dense; microsculpture distinct; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.: sternite VIII oblong, and with small, broadly V-shaped posterior excision (Fig. 23); aedeagus 0.5 mm long, of conspicuously slender shape (Figs 18 - 19). C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: In external characters, Pseudomedon species are generally very similar. A reliable identification is usually possible only based on the male sexual characters. The new species is readily distinguished from all those congeners whose generic affiliations have been revised and whose male sexual characters are known by the conspicuously slender aedeagus. In the key to the Palaearctic representatives of the genus by ASSING (2009), P. macer would key out at couplet 10, together with the externally similar, widespread West Palaearctic P. obsoletus (NORDMANN 1837). It is additionally distinguished from this species by the even denser punctation of the head and pronotum and the slightly shorter and less slender antennae. In P. obsoletus, the interstices on the head and pronotum are very narrow, but noticeable and somewhat shiny. For illustrations of other Palaearctic species see ASSING (2009). D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The species is currently known from four localities in Socotra, where it was found at a wide range of altitudes, from near sea-level to 1450 m. The fully developed wings suggest that P. macer may be more widespread in the Afrotropical region.	en	Assing, V. (2012): On the Staphylinidae of Socotra Island, Yemen (Insecta: Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2): 973-986, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10107390
03D687DFE145FF92E7C9D325FE42AFF2.taxon	description	E t y m o l o g y: The specific epithet is derived from Socotra, where the species may be endemic. D e s c r i p t i o n: Species of remarkably variable size; body length 1.7 - 2.6 mm; length of forebody 0.7 - 1.1 mm. Coloration variable: head and pronotum blackish; elytra usually blackish, more rarely paler; abdomen blackish, sometimes with the base more or less extensively and more or less distinctly paler; legs brown to blackish brown, with the tibial bases and apices, as well as the tarsi yellowish; antennae dark-brown, with the basal 3 - 4 antennomeres yellowish. Head transverse and with very shallow microsculpture, glossy. Eyes large and bulging. Pronotum strongly transverse, 1.3 - 1.4 times as broad as head; surface with very shallow microreticulation, glossy; in the middle with four punctures in quadrate arrangement. Elytra approximately as long as, and distinctly broader than pronotum; punctation sexually dimorphic; surface with distinct microreticulation (Fig. 24). Hind wings fully developed. Abdomen broad, almost as broad as elytra at posterior margin; tergites with pronounced microreticulation and subdued shine; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with sexual dimorphism.: elytra in large male with somwhat scale-shaped tubercles scattered on disc, these punctures denser along suture (Fig. 24); tergite VIII near posterior margin with smooth and more or less extensive elevation; sternite VIII with strongly convex posterior margin; aedeagus of variable size, 0.30 - 0.36 mm long, very slender, and somewhat asymmetric in ventral view (Figs 25 - 28).: elytra impunctate and without tubercles; tergite VIII unmodified. I n t r a s p e c i f i c v a r i a t i o n: This species is subject to remarkable intraspecific variation, not only of body size and coloration, but also of the male primary and sexual characters. In small males, the modifications of the elytra and tergite VIII may be obsolete, and the aedeagus is smaller than in larger males. C o m p a r a t i v e n o t e s: This species is readily distinguished from its Afrotropical congeners by the much more slender aedeagus, presumably also by the male secondary sexual characters, which are usually not mentioned in the original descriptions. The geographically closest Palaearctic congener is B. hatayana ASSING 2010 from southern Turkey, which is readily distinguished from B. socotrana by completely different coloration alone (body bright reddish with blackish preapical abdominal segments). D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y: The type locality is identical to that of all other new species described above, except that of Pseudomedon macer. One of the specimens was sifted; no additional collection data are known for the remaining specimens. Since the species is fully winged, it may be more widespread in the adjacent parts of the Afrotropical region.	en	Assing, V. (2012): On the Staphylinidae of Socotra Island, Yemen (Insecta: Coleoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2): 973-986, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10107390
