taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D687DBE35A0C12BBB98E90FA7F9F08.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Cederberg mountains, seepages over exposed sloping rock beside stream @ 1,200 m below Wolfberg Arch, beside Matjiesrivier-Wupperthal road, D. T. Bilton leg. (Fig. 5 A). Type material. Holotype (male): “ 23 / ix / 2011 South Africa WC // Cederberg — stream with seeps // over rock @ 1,200 m below // Wolfberg Arch D T Bilton leg. ” (genitalia extracted and mounted on same card) and red holotype label (SAM). Paratypes (9): South Africa: 4 ♂, 5 ♀ “ 23 / ix / 2011 South Africa WC // Cederberg — stream with seeps // over rock @ 1,200 m below // Wolfberg Arch D T Bilton leg. ” (CDTB, NMW, SANC, TMSA). All with red paratype labels.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35A0C12BBB98E90FA7F9F08.taxon	description	Description. Size: Holotype: BL 2.15 mm; EL 1.4 mm; EW 0.8 mm. Paratypes: ♂ s BL 2.15 – 2.2 mm; EL 1.4 – 1.45 mm; EW 0.8 – 0.85 mm. ♀ s BL 2.2 – 2.25 mm; EL 1.4 – 1.55 mm; EW 0.8 – 0.85 mm. Dorsum (Fig. 1 A) dark brown to black with a weak golden sheen, particularly around elytral margins and on head and pronotum. Maxillary palpi pitchy to black, legs pitchy to black, with tibiae somewhat lighter. Venter predominantly dark piceous, with silvery hydrofuge pubescence. Head: Labrum transverse, rounder apicolaterally, with marked apicomedian emargination, running approx. 0.3 of length. Sides of apicomedian emargination distinctly raised. Surface of labrum dull, with strong microreticulation and short, white decumbent setae around apical and lateral margins. Entire upper surface of head dull, with strong microreticulation. Scattered white decumbent setae present, especially close to lateral margins of clypeus. Fronto-clypeal suture weak but visible; stronger laterally. Frons with a central elevation, broken by a rounded concavity between the well-marked, shining ocelli, and arcuate sulci running from just in front of each ocellus towards the lateral corners of the frontoclypeal suture, opening onto frons. Lateral margins of frons and basolateral areas of clypeus thickened, ridged beside and in front of arcuate sulci. Eyes large, occupying almost 0.5 of the lateral margins of the head; 12 convex facets in longest series. Pronotum: Distinctly cordate, with strongly explanate sides. Anterior angles obtusely rounded. Sides coarsely crenulated and weakly to sharply arcuate over anterior 2 / 3, then almost straight to slightly acutely rounded posterior angles (Fig. 1 A). Anterior margin weakly bisinuate, with very narrow hyaline border in middle, which is scarcely visible. Posterior margin weakly bisinuate to centre. Entire upper surface dull, with strong microreticulation, except on parts of pronotal reliefs where it is reduced to small punctulae. Median longitudinal sulcus foveate anteriorly and posteriorly; both foveae elongate, anterior fovea running for approx ½ of pronotal disc, posterior one for approx 1 / 3. Sides of sulcus bordered by ridges where reticulation is weak. Anterior and posterior admedian fovea shallow and open, with long decumbent white setae; setal sockets with anterior rim raised slightly. Adlateral fovea deeper, rounded and pit-like, particularly posteriorly, and joined by a weakly marked, shallow longitudinal channel. Elytra: Elongate and broadest at middle. Weakly rounded at sides from shoulder to apex. Explanate lateral margin present from shoulder to apex; widest towards apex. Apices separately rounded. Each elytron 10 - seriate punctate and with two transverse depressions (saddles), one just before middle, occupying intervals 2 – 5, the second midway between first and apex, occupying intervals 2 – 4. Additional, shallow depressions present between second saddle and apex, occupying intervals 2 – 3, and between the two saddles, occupying intervals 5 – 8; deepest in intervals 6 & 7. Punctures of elytral striae each bearing a small seta. Puncture rows becoming slightly irregular in anterior saddle; random in posterior saddle, with series 2 & 3 ending in the depression between posterior saddle and apex. Intervals raised to varying degrees. Interval 1 raised along suture, particularly behind the middle. Interval 2 slightly raised in front of anterior saddle and between anterior and posterior saddles. Intervals 3 & 4 strongly raised into broad ridges, with relatively weak microsculpture, both in front of anterior saddle and between in and the posterior one. Interval 4 also raised in this manner behind posterior saddle. Interval 6 raised for some distance outside anterior saddle, then flat in region between anterior and posterior saddles, then elevated posteriorly. Interval 7 with elongate raised area adjacent to median saddle. Raised portions of elytra, and saddles, giving a somewhat tuberculate appearance. Elytal intervals with short, scattered setae. Elytral dorsal surface predominantly dull and microreticulate; less so on ridges of internal intervals, where microreticulation is weakest. Venter: Mentum, submentum, genae and gular region shining but strongly microreticulate, giving a coriaceous appearance. Only gular suture visible. Long, golden setae present in anteriolateral areas of mentum and smaller decumbent setae on its lateral margins. Prosternum with a broad central ridge, flanked by two semicircular depressions. Surface finely reticulate and with dense hydrofuge vestiture. Pronotal hypomeron broad, with isodiametric microreticulation and sparse, long setae just outside hypomeral carinae. Meso and metaventrites with dense hydrofuge vestiture; vestiture shorter and less dense towards lateral and hind margins. Mesoventral plaques distinct, glabrous. Median ridge splitting to form admedian ridges apically, forming an inverted Y. Border between mesoventrite and anepisternum 2 marked by a broad glabrous ridge. Metaventrite with a well-marked longitudinal depression over posterior 0.75 of sternite, with a narrow median ridge anterior to this, extending to the hind border of the mesoventrite, between mesocoxae. Elytral pseudepipleurs broad and shallowly concave; strongly microreticulate. Epipleurs narrow and ridge like; microreticulate. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 fringed with long, closely-set squamiform setae at hind margins. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 entirely covered with hydrofuge vestiture, which is denser towards anterior margins and in triangular anteriolateral patches. 5 th ventrite also with hydrofuge vestiture, except for the posterior 1 / 5, which is glabrous and microreticulate. Entire surface of ventrite 6 also glabrous and microreticulate. Ventrites 5 & 6 with transverse row of sparse, long, adpressed hair-like setae, positioned 0.8 of the way down the sternite. Aedeagus: Strongly elongate, with parameres attaching close to base and extending beyond the apex of the main piece. Main piece with asymmetrical apical tooth, and long, curved, tube-like distal lobe, extending well beyond the paramere apices. (Fig. 2 A). Female: Mesoventral plaques weaker than in males, otherwise without significant differences from males. Variation: Paratypes vary somewhat in the development of the golden sheen on the dorsal surface. Some appear distinctly golden; others almost matt black. There is also some variation in the depth of elytral puncture rows, and the height of intervals. Raised intervals also vary in their degree of microreticulation — from weak to strong. Differential diagnosis. Recognized by a combination of the very strongly microreticulate dorsum (including elytra), the lack of long recumbent setae on the elytral intervals, and the two weak elytral saddles, both restricted to intervals 2 – 4. Male genitalia also highly characteristic (see Fig. 2 A).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35A0C12BBB98E90FA7F9F08.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known to date only the type locality, seepages on a sloping rock platform beside a stream in the southeastern part of the Cederberg range, in an area transitional between fynbos and succulent karoo biomes (Fig. 9). Etymology. Named in reference to the wrinkled appearance of the dorsal surface and some parts of the venter.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35E0C11BBB98BB3FE219B89.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Langeberg mountains, wet rock face along R 324 road in Tradouw Pass ca. 10 km S. of Barrydale, D. T. Bilton leg. Type material. Holotype (male): “ 19 / ix / 2009 South Africa WC // Stream and wet rock face along // R 324 road in Tradouw Pass, Langeberge // Ca. 10 km S. Of Barrydale // D T Bilton leg. ” (genitalia extracted and mounted on same card) and red holotype label (SAM). Paratypes (7): South Africa: 2 ♂, 3 ♀ “ 19 / ix / 2009 South Africa WC // Stream and wet rock face along // R 324 road in Tradouw Pass, Langeberge // Ca. 10 km S. Of Barrydale // D T Bilton leg. ” (CDTB, SAM, SANC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ “ 31 / xii / 2013 South Africa WC // Outeniquaberg Robinson Pass // wet rock face beside stream // D T Bilton leg. ” (CDTB). All with red paratype labels.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35E0C11BBB98BB3FE219B89.taxon	description	Description. Size: Holotype: BL 2.15 mm; EL 1.45 mm; EW 0.8 mm. Paratypes: ♂ s BL 2.2 – 2.25 mm; EL 1.4 – 1.5 mm; EW 0.8 – 0.82 mm. ♀ s BL 2.25 – 2.4 mm; EL 1.45 – 1.55 mm; EW 0.82 – 0.85 mm. Dorsum (Fig. 1 B) dark brown to black with a dark metallic sheen on head, pronotum and elytra; particularly marked on elytra. Maxillary palpi black, legs chestnut to pitchy brown; femora and tarsi darker than tibiae. Venter predominantly dark piceous, with silvery hydrofuge pubescence. Head: Labrum transverse, with thickened and slightly elevated anterior margin, and marked apicomedian emargination, running approx. 0.5 of length. Sides of apicomedian emargination distinctly raised. Surface of labrum dull, with well-marked microreticulation and stout decumbent setae around apical and lateral margins. Clypeus, frons and vertex with strong, punctulate microreticulation. Fronto-clypeal suture weak but visible; stronger laterally. Scattered stout, decumbent setae, except in depressions, and particularly towards lateral margins of frons. Setae stouter and longer on lateral margins of frons and clypeus, where the anterior rims of setal sockets are slightly raised. Frons with a central elevation, broken by a slightly elongate concavity between the wellmarked, shining ocelli, and arcuate sulci running from just in front of each ocellus towards the lateral corners of the frontoclypeal suture, then opening onto clypeus. Frons and clypeus with weakly raised and thickened lateral margins in front of eyes. Eyes large, occupying slightly less than 0.5 of the lateral margins of the head; 11 convex facets in longest series. Pronotum: Distinctly cordate, relatively arched, with strongly explanate sides. Anterior angles obtusely rounded. Sides weakly crenulated and weakly to sharply arcuate over anterior 0.75, then almost straight to rectangular posterior angles (Fig. 1 B). Anterior margin almost straight, with very weak hyaline border in middle, which is scarcely visible. Posterior margin weakly bisinuate to centre. Upper surface, with the exception of raised areas between posterior coarse punctures, with weak, isodiametric microreticulation; meshes transverse towards anterior and posterior margins. Median longitudinal sulcus foveate anteriorly and posteriorly; posterior fovea approx. 2 x depth of anterior fovea. Anterior fovea elongate; posterior more rounded. Sides of sulcus raised posteriorly and anteriorly. Anterior admedian fovea shallow, transverse and open towards the front and sides. Posterior admedian fovea deep, elongate, well-marked and orientated anteriolaterally. Adlateral fovea small, rounded and deep, opening somewhat anteriorly. Posterior adlateral fovea deeper than anterior ones. Front and rear of pronotal disc with transverse fields of coarse, setose punctures, most bearing a small flat, decumbent seta. Punctures becoming larger towards posterior margin. Lateral and central areas of pronotum with short decumbent setae; anterior rims of setal sockets elevated. Elytra: Elongate, with rounded shoulders and apex. Sides straight and parallel-sided in middle 0.3; rounded to apex in apical 0.3. Broadest just behind middle. Narrow explanate lateral margin present from shoulder to apex. Apices truncately rounded. Each elytron 10 - seriate punctate, and with a shallow, transverse depression (saddle) just behind middle, occupying intervals 2 – 4. Additional, very shallow depression adjacent to saddle, occupying intervals 5 – 7. Punctures of elytral striae each bearing a small seta. Puncture rows 1 – 2 more irregular in saddle; confluent on right elytron but not left in holotype. Intervals raised, particularly towards elytral apex. Interval 8 more prominently raised than adjacent intervals. Each interval with a row of short, decumbent setae, these usually being situated on a small, apically-directed tubercle. Entire elytral surface shining; lacking microreticulation. Venter: Mentum rather shining, with open microreticulation. Submentum also shining, with weaker microreticulation. Genae with open, obsolete microreticulation in front of weak transgenal ridges; more marked and strongly transverse towards sides and rear. Gular region with well-impressed, isodiametric reticulation. Pronotal hypomeron shining, lacking microreticulation, with scattered stout setae towards anterior margin. Prosternum finely rugose, with a well-marked central ridge, and distinct hydrofuge vestiture, particularly towards lateral margins. Meso and metaventrites with well-developed squamose hydrofuge vestiture; vestiture shorter and less dense towards lateral and hind margins. Mesoventral plaques visible, glabrous, but dull. Border between mesoventrite and anepisternum 2 marked by a glabrous ridge. Metaventrite with distinct longitudinal depression over rear 0.6 of sternite; depression of even depth — not foveate. Elytral pseudepipleurs shining and lacking microreticulation. Epipleurs narrow and ridge-like; shining. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 fringed with long, closely-set squamiform setae at hind margins. Ventrites 1 – 5 with a triangular patch of hydrofuge setal vestiture anteriolaterally. Ventrite 1 also with hydrofuge setae below hind coxae, and narrowly along much of anterior margin; these setae resembling those on lateral and hind margins of metaventrite. Central area of ventrites smooth and generally lacking microreticulation. Ventrites 5 & 6 with transverse row of long, adpressed hair-like setae, positioned 0.75 of the way down the sternite. Posterior part of ventrite 5, behind the transverse setal row, with open, transverse microreticulation. Similar reticulation also present on ventrite 6. Aedeagus: Elongate, sinuous in lateral view, with parameres attached near base, and extending well beyond apex of main piece. Main piece characteristically shaped, long, medially situated, ventrally-directed apical process, resembling a bird’s beak, and a distinct raised shoulder to the left of this process in ventral view. Distal lobe elongate and sinuous, curved in lateral and ventral view, and extending slightly beyond apices of parameres (Fig. 2 B). Female: Without significant differences from males. Variation: The male paratype from the Outeniquaberg has the ventral projection of the aedeagus slightly less upturned at the apex in lateral view. Otherwise paratypes differ slightly in size, as documented above. Differential diagnosis. Recognized by a combination of the shining elytra, which lack microreticulation, the short, single elytral saddle, the strong microreticulation and lack of distinct punctures on the pronotal disc and (compared to Pterosthetops swartbergensis sp. nov), the relatively arched pronotum with deeper sulcus and fovea. Male genitalia characteristic; differing from P. swartbegensis sp. nov. in the shape of the apex of the main piece, and the attachment site of the apical process (see Fig. 2 B).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35E0C11BBB98BB3FE219B89.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known to date only from the Langeberg and Outeniquaberg, adjacent east-west orientated mountain ranges in the Western Cape region (Fig. 8).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35E0C11BBB98BB3FE219B89.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the Blue Crane (Anthropoides paradiseus (Lichtenstein )) - the Indwe in isiXhosa - in reference to the bird-like shape of the aedeagus in lateral view, and the cranes seen below the Langeberg on the day the holotype was collected.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35D0C1FBBB98C33FCA99C74.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Groote Swartberg mountains, seepages on sloping rock face beside R 328 road, north of Swartberg pass, 2 km N of junction with Gamkaskloof road, D. T. Bilton leg. (Fig. 7 A). Type material. Holotype (male): “ 24 / ix / 2009 South Africa WC // Groote Swartberg seepages on // Rock faces beside R 328 road 2 km // N of junction with De Hell track // D T Bilton leg. ” (genitalia extracted and mounted on same card) and red holotype label (SAM). Paratypes (2): South Africa: 2 ♀ “ 24 / ix / 2009 South Africa WC // Groote Swartberg seepages on // Rock faces beside R 328 road 2 km // N of junction with De Hell track // D T Bilton leg. ” (CDTB, SANC). All with red paratype labels.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35D0C1FBBB98C33FCA99C74.taxon	description	Description. Size: Holotype: BL 2.2 mm; EL 1.4 mm; EW 0.85 mm. Paratypes: ♀ s BL 2.25 – 2.45 mm; EL 1.5 – 1.55 mm; EW 0.85 – 0.9 mm. Dorsum (Fig. 1 C) dark brown to black with a brassy metallic sheen on head, pronotum and elytra. Maxillary palpi pitchy to black, legs dark chestnut brown; femoro-tibial junctions and tarsi darker. Venter predominantly dark piceous, with silvery hydrofuge pubescence. Head: Labrum transverse, with thickened anterior margin, and marked apicomedian emargination, running approx. 0.5 of length. Sides and apices of apicomedian emargination distinctly raised. Surface of labrum dull, with well-marked microreticulation and stout decumbent white setae around apical and lateral margins. Frontoclypeal suture weak but visible. Clypeus, frons and vertex, with strong, punctulate microreticulation; deeper towards lateral margins of frons and on vertex. Small patches on central vertex in front of ocelli smoother, with scattered larger punctures. Ocelli large; shining. Scattered stout, decumbent setae, particularly towards lateral margins of frons. Frons with a central elevation, broken by a slightly elongate concavity between the well-marked, shining ocelli, and arcuate sulci running from just in front of each ocellus towards the lateral corners of the frontoclypeal suture, opening onto clypeus. Frons and clypeus with weakly raised and thickened lateral margins in front of eyes. Eyes large, occupying slightly less than 0.5 of the lateral margins of the head; 11 convex facets in longest series. Pronotum: Distinctly cordate, relatively flat, with strongly explanate sides. Anterior angles obtusely rounded. Sides weakly crenulated and weakly to sharply arcuate over anterior 0.75, then almost straight to rectangular posterior angles (Fig. 1 C). Anterior margin almost straight, with very weak hyaline border in middle, which is scarcely visible. Posterior margin very weakly bisinuate to centre. Upper surface, with the exception of raised areas between posterior coarse punctures, with very weak, isodiametric microreticulation; meshes transverse towards anterior and posterior margins. Median longitudinal sulcus shallow, foveate anteriorly and posteriorly; posterior fovea approx. 2 x depth of anterior fovea. Anterior fovea elongate; posterior more rounded. Sides of sulcus raised posteriorly and anteriorly. Anterior admedian fovea shallow, transverse and open towards the front and sides. Posterior admedian fovea deeper, elongate, well-marked and orientated anteriolaterally. Adlateral fovea small, rounded and deep, opening somewhat anteriorly. Posterior adlateral fovea deeper than anterior ones. Front and rear of pronotal disc with transverse fields of coarse, setose punctures, most bearing a small flat, decumbent seta. Punctures becoming larger towards posterior margin, and somewhat confluent close to anterior margin. Lateral and central areas of pronotum with short decumbent setae; anterior rims of setal sockets elevated. Elytra: Elongate, with rounded shoulders and apex. Sides straight and parallel-sided in middle 0.3; rounded to apex in apical 0.3. Broadest just behind middle. Narrow explantae lateral margin present from just behind shoulder to apex. Apices truncately rounded. Each elytron 10 - seriate punctate, and with a shallow, transverse depression (saddle) just behind middle, occupying intervals 2 – 4. Punctures of elytral striae each bearing a small seta. Puncture rows 1 – 2 more irregular in saddle. Intervals 1 – 9 weakly raised outside saddle region. Each interval with a row of short, decumbent setae, these usually being situated on a small, apically-directed tubercle. Entire elytral surface shining; lacking microreticulation. Venter: Mentum rather shining, with open microreticulation. Submentum also shining, with weaker microreticulation. Genae with strong isodiametric microreticulation in front of weak transgenal ridges; more transverse towards sides and rear. Gular region with fine, slightly transverse microreticulation. Pronotal hypomeron shining, finely wrinkled, with scattered stout setae towards anterior margin. Prosternum finely rugose, with a wellmarked central ridge, and distinct hydrofuge vestiture, particularly towards lateral margins. Meso and metaventrites with well-developed squamose hydrofuge vestiture; vestiture shorter and less dense towards lateral and hind margins. Mesoventral plaques visible, glabrous, but dull, forming an inverted Y. Border between mesoventrite and anepisternum 2 marked by a glabrous ridge. Metaventrite with distinct longitudinal depression over rear 0.6 of sternite; depression of even depth — not foveate. Elytral pseudepipleurs shining and finely wrinkled. Epipleurs narrow and ridge-like; shining. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 fringed with long, closely-set squamiform setae at hind margins. Ventrites 1 – 5 with a triangular patch of hydrofuge setal vestiture anteriolaterally. Ventrite 1 also with hydrofuge setae below hind coxae, and narrowly along much of anterior margin; these setae resembling those on lateral and hind margins of metaventrite. Central area of ventrites 1 – 4 smooth lacking microreticulation in centre, but with traces of fine, open, transverse microreticulation on sides, just inside areas with vestiture. Ventrites 5 & 6 with transverse row of long, adpressed hair-like setae, positioned 0.75 of the way down the sternite. Ventrite 5 with fine, open transverse microreticulation anterior to the setal row; strong transverse microreticulation posterior to it. Ventrite 6 with open transverse microreticulation throughout. Aedeagus: Elongate, sinuous in lateral view, with parameres attached near base, and extending well beyond apex of main piece. Main piece characteristically shaped, with long, ventrally-directed apical process, resembling a bird’s beak, this being located towards the left of the centre in ventral view. Distal lobe elongate and sinuous, curved in lateral and ventral view, and extending slightly beyond apices of parameres (Fig. 2 C). Female: Microreticulation on head and pronotum somewhat stronger than that seen in the male. Variation: One of the female paratypes has the arcuate sulci on the head more strongly marked and pit-like at the base. Differential diagnosis. Recognized by a combination of the shining elytra, which lack microreticulation, the short, single elytral saddle, the strong microreticulation and lack of distinct punctures on the pronotal disc and (compared to Pterosthetops indwei sp. nov), the relatively flat pronotum with shallower sulcus and fovea. Male genitalia characteristic; differing from P. indwei sp. nov. in the shape of the apex of the main piece, and the attachment site of the apical process (see Fig. 2 C).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35D0C1FBBB98C33FCA99C74.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known to date only from the type locality, a seasonally wet rock face in the Groote Swartberg range of the Western Cape region (Fig. 8).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE35D0C1FBBB98C33FCA99C74.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the Swartberg mountain range.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3530C1CBBB98878FD579A11.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Witzenberg mountains, Michell’s Pass, wet rock face along R 46 road, D. T. Bilton leg. (Fig 5 B). Type material. Holotype (male): “ September 2002 South Africa WC // Mitchell’s Pass nr. Ceres // madicolous seepages // D T Bilton leg. ” (genitalia extracted and mounted on same card) and red holotype label (SAM).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3530C1CBBB98878FD579A11.taxon	description	Description. Size: Holotype: BL 2.1 mm; EL 1.35 mm; EW 0.85 mm. Dorsum (Fig. 3 A) brown to black with a brassy greenish sheen on head, pronotum and elytra. Maxillary palpi pitchy brown, legs reddish brown; femora and tarsi darker than tibiae. Venter predominantly dark piceous, with silvery hydrofuge pubescence. Head: Labrum transverse, strongly rounded at sides, with thickened anterior margin, and marked apicomedian emargination, running approx. 0.3 of length. Sides of apicomedian emargination distinctly raised. Surface of labrum dull, with well-marked microreticulation and moderately dense, short decumbent setae. Clypeus and much of frons and vertex with strong, punctulate microreticulation. Scattered decumbent setae towards front of clypeus and lateral areas of frons. Frons with a central elevation, broken by a slightly elongate shallow concavity between the large, shining ocelli, and arcuate sulci running from just in front of each ocellus towards the lateral corners of the frontoclypeal suture, opening onto clypeus. Elevated area of frons relatively smooth, with short decumbent setae, situated in irregular sockets / punctures. Frons and clypeus slightly raised and thickened anterior to eyes. Eyes large, occupying almost 0.5 of the lateral margins of the head; 12 convex facets in longest series. Pronotum: Distinctly cordate, with strongly explanate sides. Anterior angles obtusely rounded. Sides crenulated, this crenulation being stronger anteriorly. Lateral margins weakly to sharply arcuate over anterior 0.75, then almost straight to rectangular posterior angles (Fig. 3 A). Anterior margin almost straight, with very weak hyaline border in middle, which is scarcely visible. Posterior margin weakly bisinuate to centre. Entire upper surface finely microreticulate and coarsely punctate, each puncture with a short decumbent seta, as on head. Median longitudinal sulcus weak, very shallow, but foveate anteriorly and posteriorly; posterior fovea approx. 2 x depth of shallower anterior fovea. Anterior fovea elongate; posterior more rounded. Sides of sulcus raised posteriorly and anteriorly. Anterior and posterior admedian fovea very shallow, open anteriorly. Adlateral fovea small, rounded and deep, opening somewhat anteriorly. Adlateral fovea deeper, particularly the posterior ones. Anterior and posterior adlateral fovea linked by a shallow channel. Elytra: Elongate, with rounded shoulders and apex. Sides straight over approx. first 0.6, then rounded to apex. Broadest just 0.3 from apex. Explanate lateral margin narrow at shoulder, becoming wider towards apical third, and present to apex. Apices separately rounded. Each elytron 10 - seriate punctate, and with small, shallow, transverse depression (saddle) close to middle, occupying intervals 2, and to a lesser extent 3 – 4. Punctures of elytral striae each bearing a small seta. Puncture rows 1 – 3 more irregular in saddle; more so on right elytron than left. Intervals raised, particularly towards elytral apex. Interval 8 more prominently raised than other intervals over most of its length. Each interval with a row of short, decumbent setae, these usually being situated on a small, apicallydirected tubercle. Entire elytral surface shining; lacking microreticulation. Venter: Mentum rather shining, with strong, coarse microreticulation. Submentum shining, with very weak, obsolete, transverse microreticulation, and with scattered long decumbent setae. Genae with isodiametric microreticulation in front of weak transgenal ridges; transverse microreticulation behind. Gular with strong, fine transverse microreticulation. Pronotal hypomeron shining, lacking microreticulation, with scattered stout setae towards anterior margin. Prosternum finely rugose, with a very strong central ridge, and distinct hydrofuge vestiture, particularly towards lateral margins. Meso and metaventrites with well-developed squamose hydrofuge vestiture; vestiture shorter and less dense towards lateral and hind margins. Mesoventral plaques visible, glabrous, but dull. Border between mesoventrite and anepisternum 2 marked by a glabrous ridge. Metaventrite with distinct longitudinal depression over rear 0.6 of sternite; depression of even depth — not foveate. Elytral pseudepipleurs shining and lacking microreticulation. Epipleurs narrow and ridge-like; shining. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 fringed with long, closely-set squamiform setae at hind margins. Ventrites 1 – 5 with relatively large triangular patches of hydrofuge setal vestiture anterio-laterally. Ventrite 1 also with hydrofuge setae below hind coxae, and narrowly along much of anterior margin; these setae resembling those on lateral and hind margins of metaventrite. Ventrites shining. Central area of abdominal ventrites 1 – 4, and entire surface of ventrites 5 & 6 with shallow, open transverse microreticulation. Ventrites 5 & 6 with transverse row of long, adpressed hair-like setae, positioned 0.75 of the way down the sternite. Aedeagus: Elongate, sinuous in lateral view, with parameres attached near base, and extending well beyond apex of main piece. Main piece characteristically shaped, with short, needle-like upturned ventrally directed process at apex. Distal lobe sinuous, curved strongly to the left in view, and extending below the apices of parameres (Fig. 4 A). Female: Unknown. Differential diagnosis. Recognized by a combination of the shining elytra, which lack microreticulation, the short, single elytral saddle, and the punctate pronotal disc. Male genitalia characteristic (see Fig. 4 A).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3530C1CBBB98878FD579A11.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known to date only the type locality, a wet rock face in Mitchell’s Pass in the Witzenberg in the Western Cape region (Fig. 9).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3530C1CBBB98878FD579A11.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after Andrew Geddes Bain (1797 – 1864), geologist, road engineer, palaeontologist and explorer, who directed the construction of Mitchell’s Pass in 1848, inadvertently creating accessible habitat for Pterosthetops and other interesting water beetles.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3500C1ABBB98ED1FF219FE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Cederberg mountains, wet rock face in Uitkyk Pass above Algeria, D. T. Bilton leg. (Fig 5 C). Type material. Holotype (male): “ 21 / ix / 2010 South Africa WC // Cederberg Uitkyk Pass above // Algeria — rockface seepages // D T Bilton leg. ” (genitalia extracted and mounted on same card) and red holotype label (SAM). Description. Size: Holotype: BL 2.2 mm; EL 1.3 mm; EW 0.85 mm. Dorsum (Fig. 3 B) dark brown to black, explanate elytral margins somewhat paler. With a dark greenish metallic sheen on head, pronotum and elytra. Maxillary palpi pitchy brown, legs dark reddish brown; femoro-tibial junctions and tarsi slightly darker. Venter predominantly dark piceous, with silvery hydrofuge pubescence. Head: Labrum transverse, with rounded sides and thickened lateral margins, and open, U-shaped apicomedian emargination, running approx. 0.3 of length. Sides of apicomedian emargination distinctly raised. Anterior margins of labrum strongly raised; curled over dorsally either side of apicomedian emargination. Surface of labrum dull, with strong microreticulation and stout decumbent setae around apical and lateral margins. Clypeus, frons and much of vertex with strong, punctulate microreticulation; punctulae larger, deeper and more confluent towards lateral margins of frons and clypeus and on vertex. Raised areas of frons shining, at most with scattered, shallow punctulae between shallow, irregularly shaped setal sockets, which bear short, decumbent setae. Frontoclypeal suture narrow, but well-marked. Centre of frons, anterior to ocelli, with scattered larger punctures, each with a short, flat decumbent seta. Areas surrounding these punctures shining, devoid of small punctures, but with traces of microreticulation lines. Frons with a central elevation, broken by a broad circular concavity between and immediately behind the ocelli; steeper anteriorly, shallower posteriorly. Ocelli well-marked, shining. Arcuate sulci running from just in front of each ocellus towards the front of the eyes, where they are broad and open. Frons weakly raised and thickened anterior to eyes. Eyes large, occupying just under 0.5 of the lateral margins of the head; 11 convex facets in longest series. Pronotum: Distinctly cordate, with broadly and strongly explanate sides, furnished with small depressed setae. Anterior angles obtusely rounded. Sides very weakly crenulated and weakly to sharply arcuate over anterior 0.75, then almost straight to rectangular posterior angles (Fig. 3 B). Anterior margin rounded, with very weak hyaline border in middle. Posterior margin bisinuate to centre. Explanate areas of anterior pronotum shining, with traces of obsolete microreticulation and scattered decumbent setae. Convex discal area shining outside fovea, the transverse microreticulation being restricted to central region, immediately behind anterior margin. Close, coarse punctures on pronotal disc, each bearing a flattened decumbent seta. Transverse fields of larger, deeper punctures close to anterior and posterior pronotal margins. Median longitudinal sulcus deep, foveate anteriorly and posteriorly; posterior fovea approx. 2 x depth of anterior fovea. Anterior fovea elongate; posterior more rounded. Both foveae with strong, isodiametric reticulation. Posterior admedian fovea elongate, with similar microreticulation to median sulcus. Anterior admedian fovea shallow and open; punctate. Adlateral fovea strong, deep and pit-like; trace of a longitudinal channel linking anterior and posterior fovea. Elytra: Elongate, with rounded shoulders and apex. Weakly rounded at sides, and broadest in middle. Explanate lateral margin narrow in front, but broad elsewhere. Apices separately rounded. Each elytron 10 - seriate punctate; punctures relatively large and deep towards the front, somewhat smaller and shallower in rear 0.2. Each elytron with a shallow, transverse depression (saddle) close to middle, occupying intervals 1 – 3; saddle extending forward over intervals 1 & 2; entire depression occupying almost 0.3 of elytral length. Punctures of elytral series still distinct in saddle, despite the presence of some punctures in the intervals of the saddle region. Elytral intervals 1 – 6 raised over much of their length, each with an additional row of seriate punctures, almost as large as those of the elytral striae. Each interval puncture bearing a long, fine, white recumbent and apically-directed seta, intact setae reaching at least as far as the posterior margin of the next puncture in the row. Interval 2 broadly raised in front of saddle; weakly so behind it, anterior to the confluence of series 1 and 2. Interval 3 broadly raised in front and behind saddle; flat in posterior 0.2 of elytron. Interval 4 clearly raised immediately behind anterior margin and alongside elytral saddle; flat in front of saddle and very weakly raised in posterior half of elytron. Interval 5 raised throughout; more weakly so in posterior 0.3. Interval 6 raised only in front of saddle. Interval 8 narrower than intervals 1 – 7, raised from just in front of middle. Entire elytral surface shining; lacking microreticulation. Venter: Mentum shining, with a trace of microreticulation, scattered median punctures and setae. Submentum also shining; devoid of microreticulation, with scattered punctures, bearing long decumbent setae at margins. Genae shining, with open, transverse microreticulation in front of weak transgenal ridges; smooth behind. Gular region shining, with a trace of transverse reticulation lines on centre, but with well-impressed transverse microreticulation towards posterior margin. Pronotal hypomeron shining, wrinkled, with a trace of microreticulation. Prosternum wrinkled, dull, with a central ridge, and long, dense hydrofuge vestiture, particularly towards lateral margins. Meso and metaventrites with well-developed squamose hydrofuge vestiture; vestiture longer towards lateral margins. Mesoventral plaques narrow but visible, glabrous. Medial plaque forming an inverted Y. Border between mesoventrite and anepisternum 2 marked by a narrow glabrous ridge. Metaventrite with shallow, broad longitudinal depression over rear 0.5 of sternite; pit-like longitudinal fovea in centre. Elytral pseudepipleurs broad and flat; shining with a trace of microreticulation. Epipleurs narrow and ridge-like; shining. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 fringed with long, closely-set squamiform setae at hind margins. Ventrites 1 – 5 with small triangular patches of hydrofuge setal vestiture anterio-laterally. Ventrite 1 also with hydrofuge setae below hind coxae; these setae resembling those on lateral and hind margins of metaventrite. Ventrites 1 – 5 shining, entirely devoid of microreticulation. Ventrites 5 & 6 with transverse row of long, adpressed hair-like setae, positioned 0.6 of the way down the sternite; punctures largest on ventrite 6. Ventrite 6 shining, but with shallow, open transverse microreticulation. Aedeagus: Elongate, curved in lateral view, with parameres attached near base, and extending well beyond apex of main piece. Main piece with curved, beak-like apex, asymmetrical in ventral view. Ventral setae of main piece very long and stout. Distal lobe elongate and sinuous; tube like, curved in lateral and ventral view, and extending slightly beyond apices of parameres (Fig. 4 B). Female: Unknown. Differential diagnosis. Recognized by a combination of the shining elytra, which lack microreticulation, the long, single elytral saddle, the long recumbent setae in rows on the inner elytral intervals and the first elytral interval being flat in the saddle region. Male genitalia characteristic (see Fig. 4 B).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3500C1ABBB98ED1FF219FE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known to date only from the type locality, a wet rock face in Uitkyk Pass, one of the wettest areas of the Cederberg range in the Western Cape region (Fig. 9).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3500C1ABBB98ED1FF219FE4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the striking, shining appearance and the view from the type locality (Fig. 7 C).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3560C19BBB98BC2FBFF98F4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Middelberg mountains, wet rock face along R 303 road in Middelberg Pass above Blinkwater, D. T. Bilton leg. (Fig 6 A). Type material. Holotype (male): “ 20 / ix / 2010 South Africa WC // Middelberg Pass on 303 road // above Blinkwater — seepages with algae // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (genitalia extracted and mounted on same card) and red holotype label (SAM). Paratypes (29): South Africa: 4 ♂, 4 ♀ “ 20 / ix / 2010 South Africa WC // Middelberg Pass on 303 road // above Blinkwater — seepages with algae // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (CDTB, NMW); 1 ♂ “ Sept. 2002 South Africa WC // Bainskloof Pass above // Wellington — seeps on rockface // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (SANC); 1 ♂ [lacking head] “ Sept. 2002 South Africa WC // Cederberg seeps along R 364 // Ca. 20 km E of Clanwilliam // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (CDTB); 2 ♂, 1 # f “ 25 / ix / 2009 South Africa WC // Franschhoekpas, 500 m wet rock // faces beside R 45 road // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (CDTB, MCZH); 1 ♀ “ South Africa WC // Tulbagh Nuwekloofpas on R 44 // Ca. 5 km W of Tulbagh wet rock // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (CDTB); 4 ♂, 6 ♀ “ 21 / ix / 2010 South Africa WC // Cederberg Uitkyk Pass above // Algeria — rockface seepages // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (CDTB, NHM, NMW, OUMNH); 1 ♂ “ 22 / ix / 2010 South Africa WC // madicolous seeps on // rock in Bains Kloof Pass // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (TMSA); 3 ♂ “ 24 / ix / 2012 South Africa WC // Cederberg madicolous seeps // at top of Uitkyk pass // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (CDTB, NHM); 1 ♂ “ 24 / ix / 2012 South Africa WC // Cederberg madicolous seeps // at bottom of Uitkyk pass // D. T. Bilton leg. ” (TMSA). All with red paratype labels.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3560C19BBB98BC2FBFF98F4.taxon	description	Description. Size: Holotype: BL 2.05 mm; EL 1.3 mm; EW 0.75 mm. Paratypes: ♂ s BL 1.95 – 2.1 mm; EL 1.2 – 1.35 mm; EW 0.7 – 0.8 mm. ♀ s BL 2.05 – 2.15 mm; EL 1.25 – 1.35 mm; EW 0.75 – 0.85 mm. Dorsum (Fig. 3 C) blackish brown with a distinct golden brassy sheen; particularly marked on pronotum elytra. Maxillary palpi dark blackish Brown; darkest at apex. Legs with femora and tarsi dark Brown; tibiae dark reddish brown. Venter predominantly dark piceous, with silvery hydrofuge pubescence. Head: Labrum transverse, with weakly raised and thickened anterior and lateral margins, and marked apicomedian emargination, running approx. 0.3 of length. Sides of apicomedian emargination weakly raised. Surface of labrum dull, with well-marked microreticulation and stout white decumbent setae. Clypeus, frons and vertex with strong, pounctulate microreticulation throughout. Frontoclypeal suture narrow but distinct. Scattered stout, decumbent setae, particularly towards lateral margins of frons. Frons with a central elevation, broken by a small rounded concavity between the well-marked, shining ocelli, and arcuate sulci running from just in front of each ocellus towards the lateral corners of the frontoclypeal suture, opening on clypeus. Frons and basal part of clypeus distinctly raised and thickened anterior to eyes. Decumbent white setae present on clypeus and anteriolateral edges of frons. Eyes large, occupying slightly less than 0.5 of the lateral margins of the head; 12 convex facets in longest series. Pronotum: Distinctly cordate, with strongly explanate sides. Anterior angles obtusely rounded. Sides weakly crenulated and weakly to sharply arcuate over anterior ¾, then almost straight to rectangular posterior angles (Fig. 3 C). Anterior margin weakly rounded, with traces of weak hyaline border in middle, which is scarcely visible. Posterior margin bisinuate to centre. Entire upper surface dull, with a wrinkled, imbricated appearance due to strong microreticulation. Coarse, shallow punctures visible in two irregular transverse rows close to posterior margin. Median longitudinal sulcus shallow, but with raised borders; foveate anteriorly and posteriorly; both foveae elongate and rather shallow, especially anterior one. Anterior and posterior admedian foveae shallow and open towards the front and sides. Adlateral foveae distinct; deep, rounded and pit-like, joined by a very shallow longitudinal furrow. Elytra: Elongate, with rounded shoulders and apex. Sides straight and parallel-sided in middle 0.3; rounded to apex in apical 0.3. Broadest just behind middle. Explanate lateral margin present from shoulder to apex; narrow in front, rapidly widening behind shoulders and broadest close to posterior angles. Apices conjointly rounded. Each elytron 10 - seriate punctate, and with two well-marked, transverse depression (saddles), one just in front of and one just behind middle, occupying intervals 1 – 4. Anterior saddle extending forward over intervals 4 & 5, with some traces of a keel in interval 5. Punctures of elytral striae 1 – 5 rather irregular, and often apparently double in front of anterior saddle. Punctures confluent and irregular in both anterior and posterior saddles. Each elytron with an additional shallow depression laterally, occupying intervals 6 – 7, positioned between the anterior and posterior saddles. Interval 2 strongly raised before anterior and posterior saddles. Intervals 3 – 4 raised between saddles and (especially in the case of interval 3) behind the posterior saddle. Intervals 5 – 9, outside depressions, strongly raised. Overall, the pattern of depressions and ridges creating a somewhat tuberculate appearance. Intervals 5 – 9, outside depressions, strongly raised throughout. Intervals with rows of short decumbent setae. Entire elytral surface finely microreticulate; microreticulation weaker than that on the pronotum; strongest on sides, weakest on raised discal intervals. Venter: Mentum somewhat shining, with strong, isodiametric microreticulation. Submentum with weaker, more transverse microreticulation. Genae with strong isodiametric microreticulation, with raised margins to the meshes. Gular region with fine transverse microreticulation. Pronotal hypomeron with fine, isodiametric microreticulation. Prosternum finely microreticulate, with a well-marked central ridge, and distinct hydrofuge vestiture, particularly towards lateral margins. Meso and metaventrites with well-developed squamose hydrofuge vestiture; vestiture shorter and less dense towards lateral and hind margins. Mesoventral plaques visible, but covered in short vestiture. Median ridge splitting to form admedian ridges apically, forming an inverted Y. Border between mesoventrite and anepisternum 2 marked by a ridge, which is glabrous in front half only. Metaventrite with distinct longitudinal depression over rear 0.6 of sternite; depression of even depth — not foveate. Elytral pseudepipleurs with strong isodiametric microreticulation. Epipleurs narrow and ridge-like; microreticulate. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 fringed with long, closely-set squamiform setae at hind margins. Ventrites 1 – 5 with a triangular patch of hydrofuge setal vestiture anterio-laterally. Ventrite 1 also with hydrofuge setae below hind coxae; these setae resembling those on lateral and hind margins of metaventrite. Central area of ventrites 1 – 5 shining, but with fine isodiametric reticulation. Ventrite 6 also microreticulate, but meshes more transverse. Ventrites 5 & 6 with transverse row of long, adpressed hair-like setae, positioned 0.75 of the way down the sternite. Aedeagus: Elongate, with parameres attached near base, and extending well beyond apex of main piece. Main piece with truncate, asymmetrically toothed apex. Distal lobe elongate and tube-like, and extending slightly beyond apices of parameres (Fig. 4 C). Female: Explanate lateral margin of elytra generally somewhat narrower than in males. Variation: Paratypes vary somewhat in the degree to which the elytral intervals are elevated, and the width of the elytral saddles; the anterior saddle extending into interval 6 in some specimens. The development of the dorsal sheen also varies, but it is present in all specimens available. Differential diagnosis. Recognized by a combination of the entirely microreticulate dorsum, with elytra less strongly microreticulate than the pronotum, the lack of long recumbent setae on the elytral intervals, and the relatively large elytral saddles, with the anterior saddle occupying intervals 2 – 5, and extending forwards over intervals 4 & 5. Male genitalia also characteristic (see Fig. 4 C).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3560C19BBB98BC2FBFF98F4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Records run in a north-south direction, from the mountains near Franschhoek, to the Cederberg and Middelberg in the Western Cape region (Fig. 9).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3560C19BBB98BC2FBFF98F4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the tuberculate appearance of the elytra.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3550C07BBB98CC0FE419C9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Cederberg mountains, wet rock face in Uitkyk Pass above Algeria, D. T. Bilton leg. (Fig 5 C). Type material. Holotype (male): “ 24 / ix / 2012 South Africa WC // Cederberg Uitkyk Pass above // Algeria — rockface seepages // D T Bilton leg. ” (genitalia extracted and mounted on same card) and red holotype label (SAM). Paratypes (5): South Africa: 2 ♂, 2 ♀ “ 24 / ix / 2012 South Africa WC // Cederberg Uitkyk Pass above // Algeria — rockface seepages // D T Bilton leg. ” (CDTB; NMW); 1 ♂ “ 21 / ix / 2010 South Africa WC // Cederberg Uitkyk Pass above // Algeria — rockface seepages // D T Bilton leg. ” (SANC). All with red paratype labels.	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3550C07BBB98CC0FE419C9C.taxon	description	Description. Size: Holotype: BL 2.25 mm; EL 1.45 mm; EW 0.85 mm. Paratypes: ♂ s BL 2.35 – 2.45 mm; EL 1.45 – 1.5 mm; EW 0.85 – 0.9 mm. ♀ s BL 2.55 – 2.65 mm; EL 1.55 – 1.65 mm; EW 0.9 – 0.95 mm. Dorsum (Fig. 3 D) dark brown to black, explanate elytra; margins somewhat lighter; upper surface with a brassy metallic sheen. Maxillary palpi pitchy brown to black, legs dark reddish brown; femora and tarsi darker than tibiae. Venter predominantly dark piceous, with silvery hydrofuge pubescence. Head: Labrum transverse, broadly rounded at sides and front agles, with marked apicomedian emargination, running approx. 0.5 of length. Sides and anterior angles of apicomedian emargination distinctly raised. Surface of labrum dull, with strong microreticulation and scattered long decumbent setae, especially close to apical and lateral margins. Upper surface of head, with the exception of small patches either side of central vertex, with strong punctulate microreticulation, rather dull. Smooth areas of vertex with scattered short setae, in shallow, irregular sockets. Scattered stout, decumbent setae towards lateral margins of frons and clypeus. Frons with a central elevation, broken by a slightly elongate concavity between the well-marked, shining ocelli; sides of concavity steep anteriorly, open posteriorly. Arcuate sulci present, running from just in front of each ocellus towards the lateral corners of the frontoclypeal suture, opening onto clypeus. Frons slightly raised and thickened anterior to eyes. Eyes large, occupying slightly less than 0.5 of the lateral margins of the head; convex facets in longest series. Pronotum: Distinctly cordate, with broadly and strongly explanate sides. Anterior angles obtusely rounded. Sides very weakly crenulated and weakly to sharply arcuate over anterior 0.6, then almost straight to slightly acute posterior angles (Fig. 3 D). Anterior broadly rounded, with weak hyaline border in middle. Posterior margin strongly bisinuate to centre. Explanate portions of anterior pronotum with very weak microreticulation, giving a rather shining appearance. Disc of pronotum with weak isodiametric microreticulation, strongest close to front and hind margins, and in fovea. Disc with shallow coarse ounctures with short, decumbent setae. Punctures largser and deeped in transverse fields close to anterior and posterior margins. Median longitudinal sulcus foveate anteriorly and posteriorly; anterior fovea elongate; posterior less so. Foveae with more strongly impressed microreticulation. Posterior admedian fovea shallow, elongate aneriolaterally; microreticulate as median fovea. Anterior admedian fovea open; obsolete. Adlateral fovea well-marked, small, rounded and pit-like. Trace of longitudinal canal between anterior and posterior adlateral fovea. Elytra: Elongate, with rounded shoulders and apex. Broadest just behind middle, with sides weakly and evenly rounded to shoulders and posterior angles. Explante lateral margin present from shoulder to apex; narrow behind shoulder, but relatively broad over most of length. Apices separately rounded. Each elytron 10 - seriate punctate, and with a shallow, transverse depression (saddle) close to middle, occupying intervals 2 – 4; flat region of interval 4 extending the saddle region in front of the flat areas of intervals 2 – 3 by approx. same length. Saddle occupying approx. 0.25 of elytral length. Additional, very shallow saddle depression posteriolateral to saddle, occupying intervals 6 – 7. Punctures of elytral striae each bearing a small seta. Elytral series somewhat irregular in saddle. Intervals 1 – 7 weakly to moderately elevated outside saddle and other depressions. Interval 8 narrower than previous 7, and more strongly raised over front 0.6 of elytra. Intervals with small, setose tubercles; setae long, white, recumbent, those outside saddle region reaching next tubercle on intervals 1 – 4; those on shoulder region of interval 5 also reaching next tubercle in row. Elsewhere setae very short, especially towards apex. Entire upper surface shining, with some traces of microreticulation on intervals 1 – 6. Venter: Mentum shining, microreticulate with sparse setae. Submentum also shining, without microreticulation and with scattered long decumbent setae. Genae shining, with isodiametric microreticulation anteriorly, becoming strongly transverse towards rear. Gular shining, with weak, transverse microreticulation; strongest laterally. Pronotal hypomeron shining, finely microreticulate and wrinkled. Prosternum dull, finely wrinkled, with a weak central ridge, and distinct hydrofuge vestiture, particularly towards lateral margins. Meso and metaventrites with well-developed squamose hydrofuge vestiture; vestiture shorter and less dense towards lateral and hind margins. Mesoventral plaques visible, glabrous, but dull. Median ridge splitting to form admedian ridges apically, forming an inverted Y. Admedian ridges weak and pilose. Border between mesoventrite and anepisternum 2 marked by a glabrous ridge. Metaventrite with distinct longitudinal depression over rear 1 / 2 of sternite; foveate anteriorly. Elytral pseudepipleurs with weak microreticulation; finely wrinkled, shining. Epipleurs narrow and ridge-like; shining. Abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 fringed with long, closely-set squamiform setae at hind margins. Ventrites 1 – 5 with triangular patches of hydrofuge setal vestiture anterio-laterally. Central area of ventrites 1 – 4 shining, with traces of weak, transverse microreticulation interior to hydrofuge vestiture. Ventrites 5 – 6 with weak, transverse microreticulation throughout. Ventrites 5 & 6 with transverse row of long, adpressed hair-like setae, positioned ¾ of the way down the sternite. Aedeagus: Elongate, with parameres attached near base, and extending well beyond apex of main piece. Main piece with centrally-directed tooth in ventral view, and stout ventral setae. Distal lobe elongate and tube-like; curved in lateral and ventral view, and extending well beyond apices of parameres (Fig. 4 D). Female: Elytral microreticulation stronger than that of males. Variation: Elytral sheen varies between paratypes, sometimes being almost absent. Also some variation in the extent of elevation of elytral intervals. Differential diagnosis. Recognized by a combination of the shining elytra which lack microreticulation, the long, single elytral saddle, the long recumbent setae in rows on the inner elytral intervals and the first elytral interval being raised in the saddle region. Male genitalia characteristic (see Fig. 4 D).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3550C07BBB98CC0FE419C9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known to date only from the type locality, a wet rock face in Uitkyk Pass, one of the wettest areas of the Cederberg range in the Western Cape region (Fig. 9).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
03D687DBE3550C07BBB98CC0FE419C9C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the type locality, Uitkyk Pass in the Cederberg (Figs 5 C & 7 C); uitkyk (Afrikaans) = lookout, view (English).	en	Bilton, David T. (2014): New species and new records of Pterosthetops: eumadicolous water beetles of the South African Cape (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 3811 (4): 438-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3811.4.2
