identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D63243FFCDFFADCDD1FEAE2646A561.text	03D63243FFCDFFADCDD1FEAE2646A561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Julodis Eschscholtz 1829	<div><p>Genus JULODIS Eschscholtz, 1829</p><p>synonym: Jalodis Eschscholtz 1829.</p><p>synonym: Phyllis Gistel 1834 .</p><p>synonym: Saccosoma Motschulsky 1859 .</p><p>Note. The larvae of Julodinae are soil habitants feeding externally on the roots of different plants. All the records herein refer to adults only.</p><p>Julodis aeneipes Saunders 1869: 2; Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1906: 153; Radjabi 1968: 72; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 116; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 1; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 46; Holyński 2014: 20.</p><p>synonym: afghanica Obenberger 1924c: 7.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) Tamarisk ( Tamarix sp., Tamaricaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1923a), Hormozgan, Kerman (Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1906; Obenberger 1924c, as afganica; 1935e, as aeneipes var. sterbai; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Holyński 2014), southern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a), Pakistan (Holyński 2014).</p><p>* Julodis amrishi Makhan 2012: 1 .</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) Alhagi maurorum (Fabaceae) (Makhan 2012). Distribution within Iran. Markazi (Makhan 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. Most probably a synonym of J. partha Obenberger 1923 (V. Kubáň, personal communication).</p><p>Julodis andreae (Olivier) 1790: 53 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 79 (variety of onopordi); Salavatian 1950: 7 (as onopordi var. xanthographa Faldermann); Radjabi 1968: 73 (as onopordi andreae and onopordi sovitzi), 1974: 39 (as andreae and onopordi algirica); Bílý 1983a: 31, 32 (subspecies of onopordi and onopordi sovitzi); Modarres Awal 1997: 135 (as andreae), 136 (as onopordi, onopordi andreae, onopordi sovitzi, onopordi algirica, and sulcata); Borumand 2002: 9 (as onopordi algirica), 10 (as subspecies of onopordi and onopordi sovitzi); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 49; Sakenin et al. 2008: 31; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 1, 2 (as andreae andreae and pietzchmanni).</p><p>synonym: sovitzii (Steven) 1830: 158 ( Buprestis); Radjabi 1968: 73; Bílý 1983a: 31 (subspecies of onopordi); Kubáň 2006: 47 (synonym of andreae andreae).</p><p>synonym: setosa (Steven) 1830: 156 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by setosa Thunberg 1787). synonym: lineigera Marseul 1865: 62.</p><p>synonym: ampliata Marseul 1865: 66.</p><p>synonym: stevensii Saunders 1871: 5 (nomen novum for setosa Steven 1830).</p><p>synonym: hampei Thomson 1878: 11.</p><p>synonym: lineata Kerremans 1886: xxxvii.</p><p>synonym: subviolacea Abeille de Perrin 1904: 208 (variety of onopordi); Kubáň 2006: 51 (available name; lectotype); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326.</p><p>synonym: tenuelineata Abeille de Perrin 1904: 208 (variety of onopordi); Kubáň 2006: 51 (available name; lectotype); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326.</p><p>synonym: derasa Abeille de Perrin 1904: 208 (variety of onopordi); Kubáň 2006: 51 (available name, synonym of andreae andreae); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326.</p><p>synonym: costifera Obenberger 1919: 142 (subspecies of onopordi); Kubáň 2006: 47 (synonym of andreae andreae).</p><p>misidentification: pietzchmanni: Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 2 (V. Kubáň, personal communication).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) Acantholimon gulistanum (Plumbaginaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. " Armenia Persica " (types of setosa and sovitzii) (Steven 1830), "Chaldée persane, Plateau persan, Poucht-é-Kouh, El-Bourz, Louristan", multiple locations (Théry 1925). Alborz (Radjabi 1974), Ardabil, Hormozgan, Ilam, Markazi, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002 as onopordi algirica and scovitzi), East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Radjabi 1974 as onopordi algirica and scovitzi; Modarres Awal 1997 as onopordi and onopordi andrea; Borumand 2002; Havaskary et al. 2012), Golestan (Radjabi 1968; Sakenin et al. 2008), Guilan, Kermanshah (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002 as onopordi algirica and scovitzi; (Modarres Awal 1997 as onopordi var. algirica and onopordi andrea), Hamadan (Radjabi 1968, as onopordi sovitzi varr. xanthographa, carinulosa; Modarres Awal 1997 as onopordi sovitzi), Isfahan (Bílý 1983a as onopordi sovitzi; Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002 as onopordi algirica and scovitzi), Khuzestan (Salavatian 1950 as onopordi var. xanthographa; Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012, as andreae andreae and pietzchmanni), Kordestan, West Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1974; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002 as onopordi algirica and scovitzi; Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Salavatian 1950 as onopordi var. xanthographa; Radjabi 1968, as onopordi sovitzi varr. xanthographa, carinulosa; Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997 as onopordi var. algirica and onopordi sovitzi; Borumand 2002 as onopordi algirica and scovitzi), Qazvin (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002; Ghobari et al. 2012), Tehran (Salavatian 1950 as onopordi var. xanthographa; Radjabi 1968, as onopordi sovitzi varr. xanthographa, carinulosa; Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997, as andrea, onopordi var. algirica, onopordi andrea, and onopordi sovitzi; Borumand 2002 as onopordi algirica and scovitzi), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodis armeniaca Marseul 1865: 80; Théry 1925: 79; Radjabi, 1974: 39 (as var. cyrus); Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (as var. cyrus); Borumand 2002: 1; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 51; Ghobari et al. 2012: 232; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 43.</p><p>synonym: orientalis Kerremans 1899: 272 .</p><p>synonym: cyrus Obenberger 1923a: 19; Radjabi 1974: 39; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Kubáň 2006: 47 (synonym of armeniaca).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Aiemabad" (Théry 1925). Bushehr, Golestan (Borumand 2002), East Azarbaijan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Kermanshah (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Cyprus, Iraq, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. Records for Algeria and Egypt in Bellamy (2008a) are erroneous.</p><p>Julodis audouinii Laporte &amp; Gory 1835: 16; Théry 1925: 78; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 52; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233.</p><p>synonym: theryi Abeille de Perrin 1900: 3; Kubáň 2006: (synonym of audouinii). Biology/Bionomy: Holdhaus 1920: 50.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Théry 1925), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodis balucha Obenberger 1923a: 17; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 52; Holyński 2014: 18. synonym: semenovi Alexeev in Alexeev et al. 1990: 63 (subspecies of intricata); Kubáň 2006: 47 (synonym of balucha).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Alexeev et al. 1990, as intricata semenovi; Holyński 2014), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Obenberger 1923a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Pakistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Holyński 2014).</p><p>* Julodis cailliaudi (Latreille) 1827: 277 ( Buprestis); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 54 (caillaudi [sic!]); Kubáň in Bílý et al. 2011: 170; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 43 (caillaudi).</p><p>synonym: aethiopica Laporte 1835: 162; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy, 2008a: 54 (synonym of caillaudi [sic!]); Kubáň in Bílý et al. 2011: 170.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012),?southern Iran (Jakobson 1913; Kubáň in Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran.? Algeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia,? Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan,? Tunisia (Kubáň in Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Note. The occurrence of this species in Iran needs confirmation. Previously it was indicated for Iran by Jakobson (1913) who cited the old publication of Osculati (1844).</p><p>Julodis consobrina Kerremans 1914: 247; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 59. synonym: hauseri Obenberger 1928b: 65; Radjabi 1968: 72 (subspecies of gotwendensis); Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (subspecies of gotwendensis); Kubáň 2006: 47 (synonym of consobrina consobrina).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1928b, as hauseri), Fars (Modarres Awal 1997, as gotwendensis hauseri), Iran (no locality cited) (Kerremans 1914; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodis consobrina gotwendensis Obenberger 1924c: 6 (subspecies of ethema); Bílý 1983a: 31; Borumand 2002: 2; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 59; Sakenin et al. 2008: 32.</p><p>misidentification: faldermanni eoa: Bílý 1983a: 31 (not Obenberger 1923a) (V. Kubáň, personal communication). Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) Anchusa officinalis (Boraginaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968: 72; Borumand 2002), Kerman, Kermanshah, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, Tehran (Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Sakenin et al. 2008), Khuzestan (Obenberger 1924c; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication), part of specimens identified as J. c. gotwendensis (Loc. no. 308), J. euphratica beludjistana and J. e. euphratica (both from Loc. no. 304) in Bily (1983a) actually belong to J. consobrina consobrina . The records for Kerman, Kermanshah, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, Tehran (Borumand 2002), and Khorasan (Sakenin et al. 2008) are most probably misidentifications with different subspecies of J. euphratica . Additionaly, J. pietzehmanni var. deserticoloides Théry 1926 (see below) is a junior synonym of J. c. gotwendensis . According to V. Kubáň, J. c. consobrina is a habitant of clay and stony soils on the hills while J. c. gotwendensis is associated with coastal sandy soils.</p><p>Julodis cylindrica Théry 1925: 82 (as cylindricus); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 59. Distribution within Iran.?Ilam ("Chaldée persane: Aivan-i-Kerkha, Neima") (Théry 1925), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. This species is known only from type locality (V. Kubáň, personal communication).</p><p>Julodis ehrenbergii Laporte 1835: 162; Bílý 1983a: 32 (ehrenbergi, subspecies of onopordi); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 61.</p><p>synonym: bohemanni Mannerheim 1837: 19; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt (Sinai), Greece, Iraq, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodis escalerae Abeille de Perrin 1904: 206; Théry 1925: 78; Radjabi 1968: 72; Bílý 1983a: 31; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Borumand 2002: 3; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 61; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 1, 2. synonym: bouvieri Kerremans 1905: 227.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Neima" (Théry 1925). Golestan, Kermanshah (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Ilam (Borumand 2002),?Kerman (Bílý 1983a), Khuzestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012), Lorestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication), specimens from Kerman in Bílý (1983a, Loc. no. 347) belong to J. matthiesseni Reitter 1905 (see below); specimens indicated for Khuzestan (Bílý 1983a, Locs. no. 285 and 286) actually originated from Lorestan.</p><p>Julodis euphratica Laporte &amp; Gory 1835: 18; Théry 1925: 78 (as iris); Salavatian 1950: 6 (as euphratica and iris var. euphratica); Davatchi et al. 1959: 243 (variety of iris); Farahbakhsh 1960: 74 (variety of iris); Adeli 1972: 11 (variety of iris); Radjabi 1968: 72, 1976: 128; Bílý 1983a: 32; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 57 (variety of iris), 116 (as euphratica); Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (as euphratica, iris and iris var. euphratica); Faghih 1998: 184; Borumand 2002: 3; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 61; Sakenin et al. 2008: 33; Bílý et al. 2011: 173; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 43.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia roots ( Anacardiaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), (Adult!) Pistacia spp., bark (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), pistachio, tamarisk ( Tamarix sp., Tamaricaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997), Tamarix spp., sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Cerasus vulgaris (Rosaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Qazvin (Bílý 1983a), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, Hormozgan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Qom, Semnan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, Yazd, Zanjan (Borumand 2002), East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), Fars (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Golestan (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Bílý 1983a; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Faghih 1998; Borumand 2002), Kerman (Adeli 1972; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Salavatian 1950; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Sakenin et al. 2008), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997, as iris; Borumand 2002), southern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Egypt (Sinai), Iraq, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UAE, Uzbekistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Bílý et al. 2011). Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication), J. euphratica euphratica may occur only in the westernmost lowlands of Iran (Ilam, Khuzestan, northern Bushehr, western Lorestan); this subspecies is distributed in Arabian Peninsula and lowland Iraq (Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>* Julodis euphratica beludjistana Obenberger 1924b: 6; Radjabi 1968: 72; Bílý 1983a: 32; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Borumand 2002: 5; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 62; Hadian et al. 2012: 2; Holyński 2014: 32 (subspecies of whitehilli Gray 1832).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a), Hormozgan (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Isfahan, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, Qazvin, Qom (Borumand 2002), Kerman, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012). Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006).</p><p>Note. Probably misidentification, this subspecies known only from Pakistan. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication), all records in Bílý (1983a) refer to J. e. scenica Kerremans 1905, record for Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012) and records for western, northern and central Iran most probably refer to J. e. karelinii Mannerheim 1837 .</p><p>Julodis euphratica bushirensis Obenberger 1928b: 66; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 62. Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1928b), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodis euphratica karelinii Mannerheim 1837: 123; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 62. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication), the records for J. euphratica beludjistana Obenberger 1924 from western, northern and central Iran most probably refer to this subspecies.</p><p>* Julodis euphratica nusskina Obenberger 1924c: 6 (subspecies of euphratica); Radjabi 1968: 72; Bílý 1983a: 32 (synonym of euphratica beludjistana); Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (variety of euphratica); Borumand 2002: 5 (synonym of euphratica beludjistana); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327 (subspecies of euphratica); Bellamy 2008a: 62 (subspecies of euphratica); Holyński 2014: 32 (synonym of whitehilli beludjistana Obenberger 1924). Distribution within Iran. See under J. euphratica beludjistana).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. J. nusskina sensu Bílý 1983a (not Obenberger 1924c) (synonym of euphratica beludjistana sensu Bílý 1983a, not Obenberger 1924c) corresponds to J. euphratica scenica (V. Kubáň, personal communcation). This subspecies is known only from Afghanistan and Pakistan.</p><p>Julodis euphratica scenica Kerremans 1905: 231; Bílý 1983a: 32 (as klapaleki and euphratica beludjistana); Borumand, 2002: 7 (as klapaleki); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 62.</p><p>synonym: ormarensis Obenberger 1924c: 10; Salavatian 1950: 6; Radjabi 1968: 73; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 45 (new assignment), 327; Holyński 2014: 30 (subspecies of whitehilli Gray 1832). Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) Ononis (Fabaceae) (Salavatian 1950; Modarres Awal 1997, as ormarensis). Distribution within Iran. Kerman (as ormarensis) (Salavatian 1950; Modarres Awal 1997), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (as klapaleki) (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), (as ormarensis) (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kerremans 1905; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a: 62).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy, 2008a).</p><p>Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication), the records for J. euphratica beludjistana Obenberger 1924 from South-East Iran refer to this subspecies.</p><p>Julodis faldermanni Mannerheim 1837: 14; Bílý 1983a: 31 (as variolaris variolaris); Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Sakenin et al. 2000: 301; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 327; Bellamy 2008a: 62.</p><p>misidentification: variolaris variolaris: Bílý 1983a: 31 (part.) (V. Kubáň, personal communication). Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) Zygophyllum sp. ( Zygophyllaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2000).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Modarres Awal 1997), Semnan (Sakenin et al. 2000), West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a, as variolaris variolaris), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. The records for Fars and Semnan in Modarres Awal (1997) and Sakenin et al. (2000), and Iraq in Bellamy (2008a) are most probably based on misidentifications.</p><p>Julodis intricata Redtenbacher 1843: 982; Théry 1925: 78; Radjabi 1974: 39; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Borumand 2002: 7; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 328; Bellamy 2008a: 69; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233. synonym: ruginota Marseul 1865: 54.</p><p>synonym: cupreocoelata Marseul 1865: 53.</p><p>synonym: rugosa Thomson 1878: 9 (preoccupied by rugosa Laporte &amp; Gory 1835); Kubáň 2006: 45 (new assignment).</p><p>synonym: thomsoni Kerremans 1892: 23 (nomen novum for rugosa Thomson 1878). Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan ("Tchéar-Dooul") (Théry 1925), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Israel, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodis laevicostata Gory 1840: 16; Théry 1925: 79; Salavatian 1950: 7; Radjabi 1968: 72, 1976: 128; Bílý 1983a: 32; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Borumand 2002: 8; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 328; Bellamy 2008a: 70; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Azerbedjan: Massif du Sahend; Elbourz: Haute Valée de Charoud" (Théry 1925). Bushehr, Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kordestan, Semnan, West Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1976; Borumand 2002), Khorasan, Lorestan (Salavatian 1950; Borumand 2002), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), generally distributed (Radjabi 1968, Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkmenistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>* Julodis longicollis Abeille de Perrin 1904: 207 (variety of onopordi). Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329 (species incertae sedis; distribution unknown); Bellamy 2008a: 71.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. The occurrence of this poorly known species in Iran needs confirmation.</p><p>Julodis matthiesseni Reitter 1905: 204; Théry 1925: 78; Radjabi 1974: 39; Borumand 2002: 9; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 328; Bellamy 2008a: 72.</p><p>misidentification: escalerae: Bílý 1983a: 31 (not Abeille de Perrin 1904, part.) (see above) (V. Kubáň, personal communication).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Kerkha au Kébir Kouh" (Théry 1925). Bushehr, Kermanshah (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002), Kerman (Radjabi 1974; Bílý 1983a, as escalerae; Borumand 2002), central Iran (Reitter 1905), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication), records for Bushehr and Kermanshah in Radjabi (1974) and Borumand (2002) are most probably misidentifications of J. punctatocostata Gory 1840 (Bushehr) and J. laevicostata Gory 1840 (Kermanshah) .</p><p>Julodis partha Obenberger 1923a: 23 (subspecies of onopordi); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 328; Bellamy 2008a: 75.</p><p>synonym: straussi Pochon 1967: 205; Radjabi 1974: 39; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Borumand 2002: 12; Kubáň 2006: 47 (synonym of partha).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan, Kordestan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as J. straussi Pochon 1967), Lorestan (Pochon 1967, as straussi), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1923a; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodis pietzchmanni Kerremans 1914: 249; Radjabi 1974: 39; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Faghih 1998: 184; Borumand 2002: 3; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 328; Bellamy 2008a: 76; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 1, 3 (as aeneipes). synonym: deserticoloides Théry 1926: 39 (variety of pietzehmanni); Radjabi 1974: 39, 1976: 128; Modarres Awal 1997: 136; Borumand 2002: 3.</p><p>misidentification: aeneipes: Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 3 (V. Kubáň, personal communication).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002, as J. deserticoloides), Fars (Radjabi 1974, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997, Borumand 2002, as J. deserticoloides), Isfahan (Faghih 1998 as J. deserticoloides), Khuzestan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as J. deserticoloides; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: as aeneipes), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication) J. pietzehmanni var. deserticoloides is a junior synonym of J. consobrina gotwendensis . It is possible that all records of J. pietzchmanni from Iran refer to the latter (Bushehr, Khuzestan, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Isfahan) and J. aeneipes (Fars) .</p><p>Julodis proxima Gory 1840: 12; Théry 1925: 83 (variety of iris); Radjabi 1968: 73, 1976: 128 (subspecies of euphratica); Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (as euphratica proxima and proxima); Borumand 2002: 6 (subspecies of euphratica); Kubáň 2006: 43 (full species); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 328; Bellamy 2008a: 77; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 1, 3 (as euphratica); Holyński 2014: 23 (subspecies of whitehilli Gray 1832).</p><p>synonym: beesoni Obenberger 1934e: 186; Kubáň 2006: 47 (synonym of proxima).</p><p>misidentification: euphratica: Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 3 (V. Kubáň, personal communication).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997, as euphratica proxima), Hormozgan, Ilam, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, Tehran (Borumand 2002),?Ilam ("Chaldée persane: Dehleroum") (Théry 1925; loc. no. 8), Khuzestan (Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012, as euphratica), generally distributed except Caspian Sea area (Modarres Awal 1997, as proxima), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication) most records for J. iris (except for loc. no. 8) in Théry (1925) refer to J. euphratica bushirensis Obenberger 1928 and J. euphratica karelinii Mannerheim 1837; the records for Fars, "generally distributed except Caspian Sea area" in Radjabi (1968) and Modarres Awal (1997), and Hormozgan, Ilam, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, Tehran in Borumand (2002) are most probably misidentifications, this rare species occurs only in Western Iran.</p><p>Julodis punctatocostata Gory 1840: 17; Kubáň 2006: 43 (full species); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 328; Bellamy 2008a: 78.</p><p>synonym: quadricostata Marseul 1865: 71; Kubáň 2006: 47 (synonym of punctatocostata). Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Gory 1840; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodis punctatocostata ramifera Marseul 1865: 69; Radjabi 1968: 73 (subspecies of laevicostata); Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (subspecies of laevicostata); Kubáň 2006: 43 (subspecies of punctatocostata); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 328; Bellamy 2008a: 78.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication) J. p. punctatocostata (Western Fars) and J. p. ramifera ("Persepolis") are known from Fars; the record for East Azarbaijan in Radjabi (1968) and Modarres Awal (1997) refer to J. laevicostata Gory 1840 .</p><p>Julodis speculifer Laporte 1835: 160; Bílý 1983a: 31 (as speculifera), Radjabi 1968: 73 (as speculifera); Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (as speculifera); Borumand 2002: 11 (as speculifera); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329; Bellamy 2008a: 79.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Hormozgan, Khuzestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Ilam, Kermanshah (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (s. speculifer), Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia (s. disconae Théry, 1936a) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006).</p><p>Julodis speculifer monstrosa Abeille de Perrin 1904: 206; Radjabi 1968: 73; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329; Bellamy 2008a: 80; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 1, 2.</p><p>synonym: iranica Obenberger 1923a: 17 .</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Gotvend" (Abeille de Perrin 1904). Bushehr (Obenberger 1923a, as iranica), Ilam, Kermanshah (Radjabi 1968), Khuzestan (Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012); Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. The records for Egypt, Israel, Syria, and Turkey in Bellamy (2008a) are dubious.</p><p>* Julodis syriaca (Olivier) 1790: no 32: 87 ( Buprestis); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329; Bellamy 2008a: 81. synonym: philistina Obenberger 1934e: 187 .</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>* Julodis syriaca distincta Gory 1840: 11; Théry 1925: 78 (variety of speculifera); Salavatian 1950: 70 (species); Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (species); Kubáň 2006: 43 (subspecies of syriaca); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329; Bellamy 2008a: 81.</p><p>synonym: loeffleri Mandl &amp; Pochon 1957: 323.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: locs. no. 4, 5, 8, 9; Poucht-é-Kouh: loc. no. 24" (Théry 1925). Kermanshah, Khuzestan (Salavatian 1950; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Syria (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. The records for Iran need confirmation.</p><p>Julodis variolaris (Pallas) 1771: 464 ( Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 75; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 68; Modarres Awal 1997: 137; Borumand 2002: 12; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329; Bellamy 2008a: 82; Makhan et al. 2012: 1; Holyński 2014: 34.</p><p>synonym: kirghisica Marseul 1865: 47 (variety of variolaris).</p><p>synonym: oberthuri Kerremans 1898a: 134; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 44 (new assignment); Holyński 2014: 23 (subspecies of whitehilli Gray 1832).</p><p>synonym: seminata Abeille de Perrin 1904: 211.</p><p>synonym: amurensis Abeille de Perrin 1904: 211.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Larvae attack roots Pistachio ( Pistacia, Anacardiaceae), lucerne ( Medicago), Alhagi (Fabaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Pistacia spp., bark (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Alhagi maurorum (Fabaceae) (Makhan et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Isfahan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Khorasan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002, as subspecies freygessneri Meyer-Darcis 1883), Kerman,?West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Semnan (Makhan et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. Specimens of J. variolaris variolaris from West Azarbaijan (Loc. no. 267) in Bílý (1983a) belong to J. faldermanni (see above) (V. Kubáň, personal communication).</p><p>Julodis variolaris brendelli Holyński 1984: 524 (subspecies of variolaris); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329; Bellamy 2008a: 83.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Holyński 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a: 83).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>* Julodis variolaris eoa Obenberger 1923a: 15; Salavatian 1950: 7; Radjabi 1968: 72; Bílý 1983a: 31; Modarres Awal 1997: 136 (as species); Borumand 2002: 7 (subspecies of faldermanni); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329 (subspecies of variolaris); Bellamy 2008a: 83; Holyński 2014: 34.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) Milk vetch ( Astragalus sp., Fabaceae) (Salavatian 1950; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a), Golestan, Kerman, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Hormozgan, Khorasan, Mazandaran, Semnan (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), southeastern Iran (Holyński 2014), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Pakistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication) J. variolaris eoa in Bílý (1983a, Loc. no. 308) actually belongs to J. consobrina gotwendensis . Occurrence of this subspecies in Iran needs confirmation.</p><p>* Julodis variolaris freygessneri Meyer-Darcis 1883: xxxix; Farahbakhsh 1960: 75; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 68; Modarres Awal 1997: 137; Borumand 2002: 12; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329; Bellamy 2008a: 83. Immatures: Bílý 1983b: 65.</p><p>synonym: undulata Heyden 1883: 107 .</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistachio roots ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), bark (Adult!) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Borumand 2002), Markazi, central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), northern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Bellamy 2008a). Note. According to V. Kubáň (personal communication) all records for different subspecies of J. variolaris with the exception J. v. brendelli Holyński from Fars and J. v. eoa Obenberger from Sistan &amp; Baluchestan refer to J. v. variolaris .</p><p>Julodis zablodskii Motschulsky 1844: 33; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 329; Bellamy 2008a: 85. Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Motschulsky 1844), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFCDFFADCDD1FEAE2646A561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFC5FFADCDD1FD7620D8A4EA.text	03D63243FFC5FFADCDD1FD7620D8A4EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aaata	<div><p>Genus AAATA Semenov-Tian-Shankij, 1906</p><p>Aaata finchi (Waterhouse) 1884: 429 ( Julodis); Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1906: 153; Salavatian 1950: 6; Radjabi 1968: 72; Bílý 1983a: 31; Modarres Awal 1997: 131; Borumand 2002: 1; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 325; Bellamy 2008a: 85; Holyński 2014: 38.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kerman (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Waterhouse 1884; Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1906; Bílý 1983a; Holyński 2014), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Holyński 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFC5FFADCDD1FD7620D8A4EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFC5FFAFCDD1FBFC27A3A53C.text	03D63243FFC5FFAFCDD1FBFC27A3A53C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Julodella	<div><p>Genus JULODELLA Semenov-Tian-Shankij, 1893</p><p>Julodella abeillei (Théry) 1893: cclviii ( Julodis); Bílý 1983a: 37; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 120; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233.</p><p>synonym: steppensis (Obenberger) 1940c: 114 ( Julodis, subspecies of abeillei). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Syria, Turkmenistan, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodella brevilata (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1893a: 317 ( Julodis); Bílý 1983a: 37; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 121.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1893a; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodella dilaticollis (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1893a: 316 ( Julodis, variety of globithorax); Radjabi 1968: 72; Bílý 1983a: 33; Borumand 2002: 12; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 121. synonym: veselyi Obenberger 1940c: 114 (variety of dilaticollis); Bílý 1983a: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 135 (subspecies of dilaticollis); Kubáň 2006: 47 (available name).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997, as J. dilaticollis veselyi; Borumand 2002), West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan, Georgia (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodella esfandiarii Obenberger (nomen nudum): Radjabi 1968: 72, 1976: 128; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 12.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Khuzestan, Kordestan (Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002).</p><p>Note. This name is nomen nudum; one female is deposited in Obenberger’s collection (National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic) and belongs to undescribed species (V. Kubáň, personal communication).</p><p>Julodella fairmairei (Théry) 1895: clvii ( Julodis); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 121. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodella globithorax (Steven) 1830: 159 ( Buprestis); Radjabi 1974: 39; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 13; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 122.</p><p>synonym: propinqua (Fischer von Waldheim) 1830: 184 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: rotundicollis (Laporte &amp; Gory) 1835: 23 ( Julodis).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. " Armenia Persica " (type of globithorax) (Steven 1830). Isfahan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodella impluviata (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1893a: 316 ( Julodis); Radjabi 1968: 72 ( Julodis), 1974: 39; Bílý 1983a: 33; Modarres Awal 1997: 136 ( Julodis); Borumand 2002: 13; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 122.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah, Khuzestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997, as Julodis impluviata), Lorestan, Tehran (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002), Semnan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1893a), West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. All records outside Semnan need confirmation.</p><p>Julodella impressithorax Bílý 1983a: 37; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 122. Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodella iranica Bílý 1983a: 33; Borumand 2002: 13; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 122. Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Moricanda persica (by beating) (Bílý 1983a).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Fars, Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Qom (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Julodella parvula Bílý 1983a: 36; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 123. Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodella plasoni Marseul 1889: 241 (Julodis); Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 123. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Marseul 1889; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodella schochi (Théry) 1896:107 ( Julodis); Radjabi 1968: 72, 1976: 128; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 13; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 123.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Sultanabad) (Théry 1896), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodella testaceipes Obenberger 1928b: 66; Bílý 1983a: 37; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 124. Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1928b), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 1983a; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Julodella zarudniana Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1903: 163; Salavatian 1950: 7; Radjabi 1968: 72; Bílý 1983a: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 137 ( Julodis); Borumand 2002: 13; Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 326; Bellamy 2008a: 124. Distribution within Iran. Ardabil, East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1903), Tehran (Obenberger 1940c, as zarudniana var. kargli; Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň &amp; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. Records for Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, and Tehran are dubious.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFC5FFAFCDD1FBFC27A3A53C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFC7FFB4CDD1FCDF278AA45D.text	03D63243FFC7FFB4CDD1FCDF278AA45D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acmaeodera Eschscholtz 1829	<div><p>Genus ACMAEODERA Eschscholtz, 1829</p><p>synonym: Andromeda Gistel 1834 .</p><p>* Acmaeodera babatauensis Obenberger 1935e: 207; Volkovitsh 1986: 18, 2006: 330; Ghahari et al. 2008: 638; Bellamy 2008a: 158; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 44.</p><p>synonym: gussakovskii Stepanov 1958: 114.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeodera, brunneipennis species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond, Amygdalus communis L. ( Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Semnan (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution outside Iran. Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>* Acmaeodera bipunctata (Olivier) 1790: 52; Volkovitsh 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 162, Havaskary et al. 2012: 2. synonym: sexpustulata Laporte &amp; Gory 1835: 12.</p><p>synonym: vaillant Spinola 1838: 370 (unnecessary replacement name for bipunctata). synonym: pittneri Rosenhauer 1847: 96.</p><p>synonym: senex Abeille de Perrin 1891: 279.</p><p>synonym: ceylonensis Obenberger 1932a: 209; Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of bipunctata bipunctata). [subgenus Palaeotethya, bipunctata species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Israel, Italia, Lebanon, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Turkey, former Yugoslavia (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. A. bipunctata is a Mediterranean species and its distribution in Iran needs confirmation.</p><p>Acmaeodera bodoani Kerremans 1911: 633; Volkovitsh 1986: 21 (?synonym of quadrifasciata Rossi), 2006: 58, 331 (as species); Bellamy 2008a: 168; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, ottomana species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera brevipes Kiesenwetter 1858: 242; Radjabi 1974: 37; Modarres Awal 1997: 131; Borumand 2002: 14; Vo l k o v i t s h 1986: 17, 2006: 330; Bellamy 2008a: 168; Sakenin et al. 2008: 31; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233. synonym: praecox Marseul 1865: 284; Théry 1925: 79 (variety of brevipes).</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeodera, cylindrica species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) Althaea officinalis (Malvaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Ardabil (Sakenin et al. 2008), Ilam (Poucht-é-Kouh: Husseinabad) (as var. praecox) (Théry 1925), Khuzestan (as var. praecox) (Théry 1925); Kordestan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera brevipes saducaea Obenberger 1946: 12 (subspecies of brevipes); Volkovitsh 2004: 114; 2006: 330; Bellamy 2008a: 169.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera bushirensis Obenberger 1940c: 126; Bílý 1983a: 40; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 9; Modarres Awal 1997: 131; Borumand 2002: 14; Volkovitsh 1986: 18, 2006: 330; Bellamy 2008a: 170. [subgenus Acmaeodera, lata species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Dried wood of acacia ( Acacia sp., Fabaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1940c; Volkovitsh 1986; Borumand 2002), Khuzestan (Bílý 1983a), southern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeodera chalcithorax Obenberger 1935d: 202 (variety of planidorsis); Volkovitsh 1986: 19 (as species), 2006: 330; Bellamy 2008a: 171.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeodera, lata species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Volkovitsh 1986), Semnan (Obenberger 1935d), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera coluber Abeille de Perrin 1904: 219; Volkovitsh 1986: 33 (incertae sedis); 2006: 331; Bellamy 2008a: 173.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, saxicola species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeodera degener (Scopoli) 1763: 92 ( Elater), Volkovitsh 1986: 20, 2006: 331; Bellamy 2008a: 182. synonym: octodecimguttata Piller &amp; Mitterpacher 1783: 68 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: sedecimpunctata Schrank, 1789: 83 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: feisthameli Gory 1840: 37.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, degener species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldavia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera eckweileri Volkovitsh 1983: 555, 1986: 43, 2006: 330; Bellamy 2008a: 190. [subgenus Acmaeodera, brunneipennis species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Volkovitsh 1983, 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeodera edmundi Obenberger 1935b: 107 (nomen novum for irrorata Reitter 1890); Bílý 1983a: 40; Volkovitsh 1986: 18, 2006: 330; Bellamy 2008a: 190; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233. synonym: irrorata Reitter 1890b: 338 (preoccupied by irrorata Thunberg 1781); Radjabi 1968: 70; Modarres Awal 1997: 131; Borumand 2002: 15.</p><p>synonym: sycophanta Abeille de Perrin 1900: 10.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeodera, cylindrica species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Kerman (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997, as A. irrorata; Borumand 2002, as A. irrorata), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Greece, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera flavolineata Laporte &amp; Gory 1835: 20; Volkovitsh 1986: 17, 2006: 330; Bellamy 2008a: 195; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 44.</p><p>synonym: dorsalis Spinola 1838: 392.</p><p>synonym: suturalis Gory 1840: 44; Volkovitsh 2006: 330.</p><p>synonym: krueperi Obenberger 1927b: 81 .</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeodera, cylindrica species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. On Quercus brantii (Fagaceae) (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012). Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera hoberlandti Bílý 1983a: 40; Volkovitsh 1986: 20, 43; 2006: 331; Bellamy 2008a: 205. [subgenus Acmaeotethya, cisti species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeodera holynskii Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011: 181.</p><p>[subgenus Cobosiella].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acacia sp. ( Fabaceae) (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011). Distribution outside Iran. India, Pakistan, Qatar, UAE (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Acmaeodera lucida Volkovitsh 1983: 562, 1986: 43, 2006: 330; Bellamy 2008a: 215. [subgenus Acmaeodera, cylindrica species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Lorestan (Volkovitsh 1983, 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeodera ocellata Abeille de Perrin 1891: 275; Volkovitsh 1986: 19, 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 226; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233.</p><p>synonym: kheili Obenberger 1924c: 13.</p><p>synonym: hetita Obenberger 1925b: 55 .</p><p>synonym: hauseri Théry 1936a: 118 (variety of ocellata); Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of ocellata). [subgenus Loepotethya].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah (Théry 1936a, as ocellata var. hauseri; Volkovitsh 1986), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>* Acmaeodera ornatoides Barr 1972: 167; Borumand 2002: 16; Bellamy 2008a: 227. Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Mexico, USA (Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. Obvious misidentification with North American species. It is absolutely impossible for this species to occur in Iran.</p><p>Acmaeodera ottomana (Frivaldszky) 1837: 175 ( Buprestis); 1838: 22; Théry 1925: 79; Volkovitsh 1986: 21, 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 227; Ghobari et al. 2012: 233.</p><p>synonym: incognita Kerremans 1898b: 309; Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of ottomana), 332. [subgenus Acmaeotethya, ottomana species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: entre Tcham-i-Kaw et le Sein-Merreh" (Théry 1925). Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, Ilam (Volkovitsh 1986), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera pallidepicta Reitter 1895c: 152; Volkovitsh 1986: 20, 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 229. [subgenus Acmaeotethya, pallidepicta species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera pilosellae (Bonelli) 1812: 177 ( Buprestis); Volkovitsh 1986: 17, 2006: 331; Bellamy 2008a: 231; Barimani et al. 2009: 64.</p><p>synonym: discoidea (Olivier) 1790: 82 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by discoidea Fabricius 1787); Volkovitsh 2006: 331.</p><p>synonym: dayremi Théry 1930b: 77 (variety of pilosellae).</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeodera, cylindrica species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1877: 139.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a: 231).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera pilosellae persica Mannerheim 1837: 124; Volkovitsh 2006: 331; Bellamy 2008a: 231; Barimani et al. 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: araxicola Reitter 1890b: 339; Bílý 1983a: 40; Volkovitsh 1986: 18.</p><p>synonym: polyxantha Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1895b: 245.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Markazi (Volkovitsh 1986, as araxicola Reitter, 1890), Golestan (Mannerheim 1837, type of persica), Khuzestan, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Mazandaran (Volkovitsh 1986, as araxicola Reitter, 1890; Barimani et al. 2010), Semnan (Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1895b, type of polyxantha; Volkovitsh 1986, as araxicola Reitter, 1890), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera prepsli Volkovitsh 2013: 78 .</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, degener species-group]. Distribution within Iran. Fars, Kerman (Volkovitsh 2013). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeodera quadrizonata Abeille de Perrin 1891: 269; Volkovitsh 1986: 20, 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 244; Ghahari et al. 2008: 638; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 44.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, ottomana species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Cherry, Cerasus avium (L.) ( Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008), on Ficus carica (Moraceae) (adult, Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera rotundicollis Volkovitsh 2013: 76 .</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, cisti species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Astragalus sp. ( Fabaceae) (Volkovitsh 2013). Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman,?Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, West Azarbaijan (Volkovitsh 2013).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeodera rufoguttata Reitter 1890b: 340; Volkovitsh 1986: 22, 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 251; Barimani et al. 2009: 64, 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: necatrix Abeille de Perrin 1893: 133.</p><p>synonym: truculenta Abeille de Perrin 1900: 10.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, ottomana species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh &amp; Danilevsky 1987: 52.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Reitter 1890b; Obenberger 1940c, abb. similella, sodalella, congruella, conspectaria), Guilan (Volkovitsh 1986), Mazandaran (Volkovitsh 1986; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1940c; abb. bihexagnella, conjunctaria, compositella; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera saxicola Spinola 1838: 371; Volkovitsh 1986: 20, 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 253; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234.</p><p>synonym: guttifera Marseul 1865: 281 (preoccupied by guttifera LeConte 1859). synonym: spilophora Marseul 1869: 122 (nomen novum for guttifera Marseul 1865); Théry 1925: 79 (variety of degener).</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, saxicola species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Fars (Obenberger 1940c, as saxicola ab. nothris; Volkovitsh 1986), Ilam ("Poucht-é-Kouh") (Théry 1925, as degener var. spilophora), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera simulans Abeille de Perrin 1891: 272 (variety of biseriata); Volkovitsh 1986: 21 (synonym of biseriata Reitter, 1890), 2006: 332 (as species); Bellamy 2008a: 257; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234. synonym: deprivata Volkovitsh 1983: 564; Kubáň 2007: 27.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, saxicola species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Israel, Lebanon, Syria (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera simulans albipilis Abeille de Perrin 1904: 219 (variety of simulans); Volkovitsh 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 257.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeodera transcaucasica Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1895b: 246; Volkovitsh 1986: 18, 2006: 331; Bellamy 2008a: 265.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeodera, cylindrica species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera undulata Abeille de Perrin 1891: 274; Volkovitsh 1986: 22, 2006: 332; Bellamy 2008a: 268; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeotethya, ottomana species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chacharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Volkovitsh 1986), Kermanshah (Obenberger 1934a), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Israel, Lebanon, Syria (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeodera wethloi Obenberger 1940c: 125; Bílý 1983a: 40; Volkovitsh 1986: 18, 2006: 331; Bellamy 2008a: 275.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeodera, cylindrica species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1940c; Volkovitsh 1986), Fars, Kerman (Bílý 1983a, Volkovitsh 1986), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFC7FFB4CDD1FCDF278AA45D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFDCFFBDCDD1FC6827C7A689.text	03D63243FFDCFFBDCDD1FC6827C7A689.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acmaeoderella Cobos 1955	<div><p>Genus ACMAEODERELLA Cobos, 1955</p><p>* Acmaeoderella adspersula (Illiger) 1803: 237 ( Buprestis); Radjabi 1968: 69 ( Acmaeodera;?var.); Modarres Awal 1997: 131 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 26, 2006: 339; Borumand 2002: 14 ( Acmaeodera); Bellamy 2008a: 278.</p><p>synonym: dermestoides (Solier) 1833: 275 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Omphalothorax, adspersula species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1877: 139; Mateu 1974: 139; Molino-Olmedo 1999: 24.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Perris 1877: 139; Xambeu 1893a: 125; 1893b: 73; Mateu 1974: 141. Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond, plum ( Amygdalus sp., Prunus sp.; Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Yazd (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Libya, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. The records from Iran need confirmation because this species can be easily confused with A. densisquamis Abeille de Perrin 1904 or A. arabica Cobos 1963 .</p><p>Acmaeoderella arabica Cobos 1963: 360 (subspecies of adspersula); Bílý 1983a: 51; Volkovitsh 1986: 26, 2006: 339 (species); Bellamy 2008a: 280.</p><p>synonym: sheherzad (Pochon) 1971: 241 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Omphalothorax, adspersula species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. *? Prosopis spicigera (Fabaceae) (Bílý 1983a).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Pochon 1971, as sheherzad; Volkovitsh 1986), *?Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Israel, Oman, Saudi Arabia (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. A. arabica sensu Bílý 1983a is misidentification, the specimens from Hormozgan feeding on Prosopis belong to A. prosopiphaga Volkovitsh 2013 .</p><p>Acmaeoderella argentea Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011: 188; Kubáň et al. 2014: 291. [subgenus Omphalothorax, adspersula species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. On Acacia sp. ( Fabaceae) (Adult) (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011); Southern Iran (Kubáň et al. 2014). Distribution outside Iran. Oman, UAE (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Acmaeoderella ballioni (Ganglbauer) 1888: 196 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 280; Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011: 192; Kubáň et al. 2014: 290.</p><p>synonym: xerxes (Obenberger) 1916: 236 ( Acmaeodera); Bílý 1983a: 52; Volkovitsh 1986: 32. [subgenus Euacmaeoderella, dubia species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 35 (as xerxes).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Volkovitsh 1979 (as xerxes); Kaplin 1981 (as xerxes).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Semnan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986, as xerxes), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1916, as xerxes; Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Kubáň et al. 2014). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UAE, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Acmaeoderella brandli Volkovitsh 1981: 847; 1986: 31, 43; 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 281; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, gibbulosa species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Lorestan, Tehran (Vokovitsh 1981, 1986), Kordestan (Vokovitsh 1986; Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella canescens (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1895c: 260 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 31; 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 281.</p><p>synonym: tamerlani (Obenberger) 1934c: 112 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, gibbulosa species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 35.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Volkovitsh 1979; Kaplin 1981.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella caspica (Ganglbauer) 1888: 195 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 24, 2006: 334; Bellamy 2008a: 281.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella caspica suturifera (Reitter) 1904: 256 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 24, 2006: 334; Bellamy 2008a: 282.</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 34.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella chrysanthemi (Chevrolat) 1854: 394 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 23; 2006: 338; Borumand 2002: 17 (as virgulata); Bellamy 2008a: 282; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234.</p><p>synonym: tonstrix Reitter 1895c: 154 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: klapaleki Obenberger 1924c: 12 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: syriaca Obenberger 1924c: 13 (Acmaeodera) (preoccupied by syriaca Abeille de Perrin, 1900).</p><p>synonym: syriae Obenberger 1926c: 70 ( Acmaeodera) (replacement name for syriaca Obenberger, 1924). synonym: rudepilosa Obenberger 1940c: 136, 1940d: 20 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: noemi Obenberger 1940c: 137 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Liogastria, virgulata species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran.? Fars, Qazvin (Borumand 2002, as virgulata (Illiger)) (Borumand 2002); Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. The records for the Mediterranean A. virgulata (Illiger) in Borumand (2002) may refer to A. chrysanthemi or/and different species of Acmaeoderella .</p><p>Acmaeoderella chusistanica (Obenberger) 1934e: 288 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 30; 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 283.</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, villosula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Obenberger 1934e; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeoderella cinerea Volkovitsh 1982: 30; 1986: 25; 2006: 334; Bellamy 2008a: 283. [subgenus Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Volkovitsh 1982), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella crucifera (Abeille de Perrin) 1904: 221 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 28; 2006: 335; Bellamy 2008a: 285.</p><p>[subgenus Carininota, flavofasciata species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chacharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeoderella densisquamis (Abeille de Perrin) 1904: 218 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 26 (?synonym of longissima); 2006: 339 (as species); Bellamy 2008a: 286.</p><p>[subgenus Omphalothorax, adspersula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Israel, Jordan, * Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella dlabolai Bílý 1983a: 49 (subgenus Carininota); Volkovitsh 1986: 28, 43; 2006: 335 (subgenus Acmaeoderella); Bellamy 2008a: 287.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeoderella domenicoi Volkovitsh 2013: 80 .</p><p>[subgenus Omphalothorax, adspersula species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Reared from Acacia sp. ( Fabaceae) (Volkovitsh 2013). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Volkovitsh 2013). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeoderella dubia (Ballion) 1871: 350 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 32; 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 289. synonym: krali (Obenberger) 1923a: 26 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: pamirigena (Obenberger) 1940c: 141 ( Acmaeodera). synonym: chalcopracta (Obenberger) 1940c: 142 ( Acmaeodera). synonym: chloe (Obenberger) 1940c: 143 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: steppicola (Obenberger) 1940c: 144 ( Acmaeodera, subspecies of chloe). [subgenus Euacmaeoderella, dubia species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 35.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a (as chloe); Kaplin 1981. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella elbursi (Obenberger) 1924c: 13 ( Acmaeodera, subspecies of klapaleki); Bílý 1983a: 48; Volkovitsh 1986: 24, 2006: 335; Bellamy 2008a: 290; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234.</p><p>synonym: aramaea (Obenberger) 1934e: 256 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: damasica (Obenberger) 1940c: 136 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Alborz (Obenberger 1924c), Bushehr (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Fars, Markazi (Volkovitsh 1986), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Tehran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Aegean Islands, Armenia, Cyprus, Greece (Crete), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella flavofasciata (Piller &amp; Mitterpacher) 1783: 84 ( Buprestis); Davatchi et al. 1959: 243 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 26; 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 292; Barimani et al. 2009: 64, 2010: 131; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234.</p><p>synonym: taeniata (Fabricius) 1787: 180 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: hirta (Villers) 1789: 338 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by hirta Linnaeus 1758). synonym: volvulus (Fabricius) 1793: 202 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: deorum (Obenberger) 1940c: 135 ( Acmaeodera, subspecies of taeniata). [subgenus Carininota, flavofasciata species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 32; Bílý 1999: 15.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 9.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kerman, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Borumand 2002, as Acmaeodera f. decorata Marseul and Acmaeodera f. persica Mannerheim), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella flavofasciata aequistriata (Abeille de Perrin) 1904: 221 ( Acmaeodera, variety of hirsutula); Volkovitsh 1986: 27, 2006: 335; Bellamy 2008a: 293.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Volkovitsh 1986), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), West Azarbaijan (Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Israel, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella flavofasciata chorasanica Volkovitsh &amp; Alexeev 1994: 425 (nomen novum for persica Auct.); Volkovitsh 2006: 335; Bellamy 2008a: 294.</p><p>misidentification: persica Auctorum (not Mannerheim 1837); Davatchi et al. 1959: 243 (Acmaeoder a; synonym of flavofasciata); Farahbakhsh 1960: 71 (Acmaeoder a, synonym of flavofasciata); Radjabi 1968: 70 (Acmaeoder a; subspecies of flavofasciata); Volkovitsh 1986: 27 (subspecies of flavofasciata); Modarres Awal 1997: 131 (Acmaeoder a, synonym of flavofasciata), 132 (Acmaeoder a, subspecies of taeniata); Borumand 2002: 15 (subspecies of flavofasciata).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Juniper ( Juniperus sp., Cupressaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997, as flavofasciata).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Guilan, Khorasan, Mazandaran (Volkovitsh 1986, as f. persica), Khorasan (Bílý 1983a, as f. tschitscherini Semenov), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997, as taeniata persica; Borumand 2002, as f. persica), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>* Acmaeoderella flavofasciata tschitscherini (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1895a: 134 ( Acmaeodera); Davatchi et al. 1959: 243 (synonym of flavofasciata); Bílý 1983a: 50 (subspecies of flavofasciata); Volkovitsh 2006: 336. synonym: sterbai (Obenberger) 1934e: 38 ( Acmaeodera, subspecies of taeniata).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Bílý 1983a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. Record for Iran in Bílý (1983a) is most probably a misidentification of A. f. chorasanica .</p><p>Acmaeoderella gibbulosa (Ménétriés) 1832: 153 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 51; Volkovitsh 1986: 30, 2006: 336; Borumand 2002: 16; Sakenin et al. 2008: 32; Bellamy 2008a: 296; Barimani et al. 2009: 64, 2010: 131, Ghobari et al. 2012: 235.</p><p>synonym: lugens (Gory) 1840: 45 ( Acmaeodera); Radjabi 1968: 70 ( Acmaeodera ?ssp.); Modarres Awal 1997: 131; Borumand 2002: 15 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: cuprinula (Reitter) 1890b: 341 ( Acmaeodera); Radjabi 1974: 37; Modarres Awal 1997: 131; Borumand 2002: 15 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: strumosa (Abeille de Perrin) 1895b: cxviii ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of gibbulosa), 337. synonym: tenuifrons (Obenberger) 1924c: 12 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: lederi (Obenberger) 1934e: 276 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: araxigena (Obenberger) 1940c: 141 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: pseudocuprinula (Obenberger) 1940c: 142 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, gibbulosa species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) *Almond ( Amygdalus, Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997), * Armeniaca vulgaris (Rosaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Khorasan, Markazi, Semnan (Volkovitsh 1986), Golestan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Hamadan (Volkovitsh 1986; Sakenin et al. 2008), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Radjabi 1974; Volkovitsh 1986; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as cuprinula), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Qazvin (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as lugens), Tehran (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997, as cuprinula), Zanjan (Radjabi 1968, 1991; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as Acmaeodera lugens), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. This species is associated with grassy vegetation, the records for Amygdalus (Modarres Awal 1997) and Armeniaca vulgaris (Sakenin et al. 2008) are doubtful.</p><p>* Acmaeoderella glasunovi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1895c: 265 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 28; 2006: 336; Ghahari et al. 2008: 638; Sakenin et al. 2008: 31; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 44. synonym: judinae (Stepanov) 1954: 1307 ( Acmaeodera); Davatchi 1958: 70. synonym: varsobica (Stepanov) 1958: 112 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Carininota, glasunovi species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 33.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Ghahari et al. 2008), Khorasan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. Presence of this species in Golestan and Mazandaran needs confirmation, possibly all records, including that for Juniperus as a host plant, refer to A. flavofasciata chorasanica Volkovitsh &amp; Alexeev, 1994 . A. glasunovi may occur in the northeastern Khorasan.</p><p>Acmaeoderella hamadanica Volkovitsh 1983: 567; 1986: 43; 2006: 337; Bellamy 2008a: 297; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, gibbulosa species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hamadan (Volkovitsh 1983, 1986), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella impunctata (Abeille de Perrin) 1891: 279 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 298; Ghobari et al. 2012: 235.</p><p>[subgenus Carininota, flavofasciata species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella insueta Volkovitsh 1977: 55, 1986: 32, 2006: 337; Bellamy 2008a: 298. [subgenus Euacmaeoderella, dubia species-group].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella iranica (Obenberger) 1934e: 223 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 32; 2006: 337; Bellamy 2008a: 298.</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, dubia species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Obenberger 1934e, Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella jezeki Bílý 1983a: 52; Volkovitsh 1986: 31, 43; 2006: 337; Bellamy 2008a: 298. [subgenus Euacmaeoderella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeoderella longissima (Abeille de Perrin) 1904: 218 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 26, 2006: 339; Bellamy 2008a: 300; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234; Kubáň et al. 2014: 291.</p><p>synonym: akbesiana (Escalera) 1904: 224 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of longissima), 339. synonym: amanicola (Pic) 1905: 97 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: fatima (Pochon) 1971: 242 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Omphalothorax, adspersula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Volkovitsh 1986), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Cyprus, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Turkey, UAE (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Kubáň et al. 2014).</p><p>Acmaeoderella lopatini Volkovitsh 2013: 79 . [subgenus? Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Volkovitsh 2013).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeoderella mimonti (Boieldieu) 1865: 5 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 27, 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 302; Barimani et al. 2009: 64, 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: arenicola (Csiki) 1905: 578 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: latisquammis (Obenberger) 1914b: 254 ( Acmaeodera, subspecies of flavofasciata). [subgenus Carininota, flavofasciata species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 32; Bílý 1999: 15.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella mimonti decorata (Marseul) 1865: 299; Borumand 2002: 15 (subspecies of Acmaeodera flavofasciata); Volkovitsh 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 302.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Borumand 2002, as flavofasciata decorata).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella nannorrhopsicola Volkovitsh &amp; Bílý 1979: 333; Bílý 1983a: 51; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 9; Volkovitsh 1986: 26, 2006: 339; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Borumand 2002: 16; Bellamy 2008a: 303. [subgenus Omphalothorax].</p><p>Immatures: Bílý 1983a: 51.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva!) Nannorrops ritchieana ( Arecaceae) (Volkovitsh &amp; Bílý 1979; Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Acacia spp. ( Fabaceae), dry wood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); Egyptian acacia (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Volkovitsh &amp; Bílý 1979; Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986; Borumand 2002), southern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Acmaeoderella nivetecta Volkovitsh 1976: 637; Bílý 1983a: 52; Volkovitsh 1986: 33, 2006: 335; Bellamy 2008a: 303.</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 34.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Volkovitsh 1979, Kaplin 1981.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. It is possible that record for Bushehr refers to A. pseudonivetecta Volkovitsh 2011; A. nivetecta may occur in the north east of Iran.</p><p>Acmaeoderella obscura (Reitter) 1889: 281 ( Acmaeodera, variety of boryi); Radjabi 1968: 70 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 29; Modarres Awal 1997: 131; Borumand 2002: 16 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 2006: 337; Bellamy 2008a: 304.</p><p>synonym: cyaniventris (Reitter) 1890b: 344 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: kalalae (Obenberger) 1935b: 108 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: nigroopaca Cobos 1963: 357.</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, villosula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hamadan, Lorestan, Semnan (Volkovitsh 1986), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella olivacea (Abeille de Perrin) 1904: 223 ( Acmaeodera, variety of laticornis); Volkovitsh 2006: 338 (as vetusta Ménétriés 1832, synonym); Bellamy 2008a: 305.</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, villosula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abeille de Perrin 1904), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>A cmaeoderella prosopiphaga Volkovitsh 2013: 81 .</p><p>misidentification: adspersula arabica: Bílý 1983a: 51 (not Cobos 1963). [subgenus Omphalothorax, adspersula species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Prosopis cineraria (Fabaceae) (Volkovitsh 2013). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Volkovitsh 2013). Distribution outside Iran. India, Pakistan (Volkovitsh 2013).</p><p>Acmaeoderella pseudonivetecta Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011: 189; Kubáň et al. 2014: 290. [subgenus Euacmaeoderella].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Living in roots of Zygophyllum sp. ( Zygophyllaceae) (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Oman, UAE (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011; Kubáň et al. 2014).</p><p>Acmaeoderella safavii Volkovitsh 1981: 844; Radjabi 1974: 38, 1976: 128 (safavi Descarpentries, nomen nudum); Bílý 1983a: 51; Volkovitsh 1986: 30, 43; Borumand 2002: 17; Volkovitsh 2006: 337; Modarres Awal 1997: 132 (safavi Desc.); Bellamy 2008a: 308; Ghobari et al. 2012: 235.</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, gibbulosa species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1974, 1976, Bílý 1983a, Volkovitsh 1981, Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan, Qazvin (Volkovitsh 1981, 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Bellamy 2008).</p><p>Acmaeoderella serricornis (Abeille de Perrin) 1900: 11 ( Acmaeodera); Bílý 1983a: 48; Volkovitsh 1986: 25, 2006: 335; Bellamy 2008a: 309; Ghobari et al. 2012: 234.</p><p>synonym: erinaceiformis (Obenberger) 1922: 19 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: staneki (Obenberger) 1934e: 266 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: beduina Cobos 1963: 361; Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of serricornis), 335. [subgenus Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a, Volkovitsh 1986), Mazandaran, Qazvin (Bílý 1983a), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella stricta (Abeille de Perrin) 1895b: cxix ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 25, 2006: 335; Bellamy 2008a: 310.</p><p>synonym: bodenheimeri (Théry) 1932: 230 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of stricta), 335. [subgenus Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella subcyanea (Reitter) 1890b: 344 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 29, 2006: 337; Bellamy 2008a: 311. synonym: laticornis (Abeille de Perrin) 1900: 11 ( Acmaeodera); Théry 1925: 79 ( Acmaeodera). synonym: cyrta (Iablokoff-Khnzorian) 1966: 309 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, villosula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan, Lorestan (Volkovitsh 1986), Ilam (as laticornis) (Théry 1925), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella theryana (Abeille de Perrin) 1900: 11 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 30, 2006: 337; Bellamy 2008a: 311.</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, villosula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sultanabad (Khorasan?) (Abeille de Perrin 1900), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>* Acmaeoderella turanica (Reitter) 1890b: 345 ( Acmaeodera, variety of caspica); Volkovitsh 1986: 24, 2006: 335; Bellamy 2008a: 312; Ghahari et al. 2008: 638; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 44. synonym: sogdiana (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1895c: 264 ( Acmaeodera). synonym: deminuta (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1895c: 265 ( Acmaeodera, variety of sogdiana); Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of turanica), 335.</p><p>synonym: warentzoffi (Théry) 1895: clviii ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Acmaeoderella].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) * Acacia armata (Fabaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. Isfahan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Kerman (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. This species may occur in the north east of Iran because it is distributed in the adjacent regions of Turkmenistan.</p><p>Acmaeoderella vetusta (Ménétriés) 1832: 152 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 51; Volkovitsh 1986: 30; Borumand 2002: 17; Volkovitsh 2006: 337; Bellamy 2008a: 313; Ghobari et al. 2012: 235.</p><p>synonym: cuprifera (Laporte &amp; Gory) 1835: 25 ( Acmaeodera); Radjabi 1968: 70 ( Acmaeodera;?var.); Borumand 2002: 14 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: producta (Laporte &amp; Gory) 1835: 25 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>unavailable name: escalerana (Obenberger) 1934e: 289 ( Acmaeodera, variety of cuprifera); Radjabi 1968: 69 ( Acmaeodera, subspecies of cuprifera); Modarres Awal 1997: 131 (as Acmaeodera cuprifera escalerae); Borumand 2002: 15 (as Acmaeodera cuprifera escalerae).</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, villosula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, Kermanshah, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Markazi, Mazandaran, Semnan (Volkovitsh 1986), Fars, West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002, as cuprifera and vetusta), Guilan (Rajabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as cuprifera escalerae), Isfahan, Lorestan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as cuprifera), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Tehran (Borumand 2002, as cuprifera), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella villosula (Steven) 1830: 161 ( Buprestis); Volkovitsh 2006: 338, Bellamy 2008a: 313; Ghobari et al. 2012: 235.</p><p>synonym: boryi (Brullé) 1832: 124 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 79 ( Acmaeodera); Bílý 1983a: 51; Volkovitsh 1986: 29; Borumand 2002: 16.</p><p>synonym: steveni (Faldermann) 1838: 68 ( Acmaeodera, nomen novum for villosula Steven, not Dejean). synonym: cyanescens (Gory) 1840: 46 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>synonym: hyacinthina (Frivaldszky) 1845: 180 ( Buprestis ( Acmaeodera)).</p><p>synonym: jakowlewi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1895b: 243 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Euacmaeoderella, villosula species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Kouh-Hadjoudj, Poucht-é-Kouh: Valantar" (as boryi) (Théry 1925). Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan, Guilan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Volkovitsh 1986, as boryi), Kerman (Borumand 2002, as boryi), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Qazvin (Bílý 1983a, as boryi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan,? Bulgaria, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Acmaeoderella zarudniana Volkovitsh 1977: 45; Bílý 1983a: 49; Volkovitsh 1986: 28; Borumand 2002: 16 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 2006: 336; Bellamy 2008a: 316.</p><p>[subgenus Carininota].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Isfahan (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986, Borumand 2002), Markazi, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Volkovitsh 1977, 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFDCFFBDCDD1FC6827C7A689	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFD5FFBECDD1FE1E2646A584.text	03D63243FFD5FFBECDD1FE1E2646A584.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xantheremia Volkovitsh 1979	<div><p>Genus XANTHEREMIA Volkovitsh, 1979</p><p>* Xantheremia flavipennis (Klug) 1829: [no. 9] ( Buprestis); Volkovitsh 2006: 339; Bellamy 2008a: 323. [subgenus Xantheremia, flavipennis species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. Obvious misidentification, this species is not recorded from adjacent countries.</p><p>Xantheremia jelineki Bílý 1983a: 46; Volkovitsh 1986: 23, 43; 2006: 339; Bellamy 2008a: 324. [subgenus Xantheremia, flavipennis species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) On flowers of Echinops macrophyllus (Asteraceae) (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Xantheremia koenigi (Ganglbauer) 1888: 193 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 2006: 339; Bellamy 2008a: 324. synonym: subscalaris (Reitter) 1897: 214 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 23, 2006: 57 (synonym of koenigi), 339.</p><p>synonym: chalcoxantha (Brancsik) 1900: 199 ( Acmaeodera).</p><p>[subgenus Xantheremia, koenigi species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Volkovitsh 1979: 32; Volkovitsh &amp; Danilevsky 1987: 54 (as subscalaris). Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a (as subscalaris).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Volkovitsh 1986, as subscalaris), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Xantheremia mazandaranica (Bílý) 1983a: 43 ( Acmaeodera); Volkovitsh 1986: 22, 43 (as Acmaeodera mazandaranensis Bílý); 2006: 58 ( Xantheremia), 339; Bellamy 2008a: 324. [subgenus Paratethya].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (Volkovitsh 2006, Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Xantheremia niehuisi Volkovitsh 2011: 51; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236. [subgenus Xantheremia, flavipennis species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012). Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh 2011).</p><p>* Xantheremia philistina (Marseul) 1865: 298. Bílý 1983a: 44; Bellamy 2008a: 324; Hadian et al. 2012: 2. [subgenus Xantheremia, flavipennis species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012). Distribution outside Iran. Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. The occurrence of X. philistina in Iran is extremely doubtful. Species recorded by Bílý (1983a) belonged to X. prepsli or a new species.</p><p>Xantheremia prepsli Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011: 185.</p><p>[subgenus Xantheremia, flavipennis species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011). Distribution outside Iran. Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE (Volkovitsh in Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Xantheremia volkovitshi Bílý 1983a: 45; Volkovitsh 1986: 23, 43; 2006: 339; Bellamy 2008a: 325. [subgenus Xantheremia, koenigi species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Reared from Alhagi persarum (Fabaceae) (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Bílý 1983a; Volkovitsh 1986), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFD5FFBECDD1FE1E2646A584	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFD6FFBFCDD1FCDC2026A7D5.text	03D63243FFD6FFBFCDD1FCDC2026A7D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptosima Dejean 1833	<div><p>Genus PTOSIMA Dejean, 1833</p><p>Ptosima undecimmaculata (Herbst) 1784: 120 ( Buprestis); Salavatian 1950: 7; Davatchi et al. 1959: 243; Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Radjabi 1968: 75; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 21; Modarres Awal 1997: 138 (with form viturati Pic); Borumand 2002: 18; Volkovitsh 2006: 341; Bellamy 2008a: 329; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236. synonym: novemmaculata (Fabricius) 1775: 233 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by novemmaculata Linnaeus 1758). synonym: sexmaculata (Schaeffer) 1766: 79 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: sexpunctata (Villers) 1789: 338 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: flavoguttata (Illiger) 1803: 238 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 138. synonym: maculata (Voet) 1806: 96 ( Cucujus).</p><p>synonym: istria (Voet) 1806: 95 ( Cucujus).</p><p>synonym: confusa (Villa &amp; Villa) 1833: 33 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: volucris Gistel 1857: 70.</p><p>synonym: cyclops Marseul 1865: 263; Théry 1925: 79 (variety of undecimmaculata).</p><p>synonym: intermedia Demaison 1904: 285 (variety of undecimmaculata).</p><p>Immatures: Gemminger 1849: 63 (as flavoguttata); Schaefer 1947: 162; Bílý 1972: 18, 1999: 13. Biology/Bionomy: Gemminger 1849: 63; Claudon 1870: xiii; Xambeu 1893a: 1 (as flavoguttata); 1893b: 70, 121; Bílý 2003: 72.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond ( Amygdalus sp.), apricot, plum, garden plum, cherry, peach, sour-cherry ( Prunus spp.; Rosaceae) (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Amygdalus spp, trunks (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984). Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Kouh-Hadjoudj, Poucht-é-Kouh: Mollah-Giavan" (Théry 1925). Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997, as P. undecimmaculata form viturati (Pic 1909)), Fars, Guilan (Borumand 2002), Hamadan (Théry 1925; Modarres Awal 1997, as P. undecimmaculata form viturati (Pic 1909), Isfahan, Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah, Lorestan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Khorasan, Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Khorasan and central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Kordestan (Modarres Awal 1997, as P. undecimmaculata form viturati (Pic 1909); Ghobari et al. 2012), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Mazandaran (Farahbakhsh 1960), Qazvin (Théry 1925; Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Semnan, Yazd (Modarres Awal 1997, as P. undecimmaculata form viturati (Pic 1909)), Central and western Iran (Davatchi et al. 1959), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Malta, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFD6FFBFCDD1FCDC2026A7D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FD72270BA30A.text	03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FD72270BA30A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polycesta Dejean 1833	<div><p>Genus POLYCESTA Dejean, 1833</p><p>synonym: Lycaste Gistel 1834 .</p><p>Polycesta iranica (Obenberger) 1923a: 24 ( Pseudocastalia); Borumand 2002: 18 (as Polycesta sp.); Volkovitsh 2006: 340; Bellamy 2008a: 373.</p><p>[subgenus Polycesta].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) On Calligonum sp. ( Polygonaceae) (Borumand 2002, as Polycesta sp.). Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Borumand 2002, as Polycesta sp.), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Obenberger 1923a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran.? Afghanistan (Bellamy 2008a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FD72270BA30A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FEAC2789A517.text	03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FEAC2789A517.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyctesis Marseul 1865	<div><p>Genus POLYCTESIS Marseul, 1865</p><p>Polyctesis johanidesi Bílý 1997b: 15; Volkovitsh 2006: 341; Bellamy 2008a: 361. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FEAC2789A517	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FB9C27C5A08F.text	03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FB9C27C5A08F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strigopteroides Cobos 1981	<div><p>Genus STRIGOPTEROIDES Cobos, 1981</p><p>Strigopteroides depressa (Fabricius) 1775: 219 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by depressus Linnaeus 1771); ICZN 2002 (validated); Kubáň 2006: 50; Volkovitsh 2006: 340.</p><p>synonym: aegyptiaca (Gmelin) 1790: 1928 ( Buprestis, nomen novum for depressus Fabricius 1775); Théry 1925: 79 ( Pseudocastalia); Salavatian 1950: 7 ( Pseudocastalia); Davatchi et al. 1959: 243 ( Pseudocastalia); Farahbakhsh 1960: 76 (Pseudocastalis); Radjabi 1968: 70 ( Pseudocastalia); Bílý 1983a: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 17 ( Pseudocastalia); Bellamy 2008a: 382.</p><p>synonym: castelnaudi (Saunders) 1871: 59 ( Polycesta, nomen novum for aegyptiaca Gory &amp; Laporte 1838); Kubáň 2006: 52 (comments).</p><p>synonym: hellenica Cobos 1990: 276.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Hard wood timbers used in furniture and buildings (as aegyptiaca) (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959, as aegyptiaca; Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aegyptiaca), Isfahan (Borumand 2002, as aegyptiaca), Khuzestan (as aegyptiaca) (Théry 1925; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Qazvin (Davatchi et al. 1959, as aegyptiaca), Tehran (as aegyptiaca) (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959, as aegyptiaca; Radjabi 1968; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aegyptiaca), Caspian Sea area (including, Golestan, Guilan, Mazandaran provinces), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a, as aegyptiaca).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Greece, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. Records for Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in Bellamy (2008a) are dubious.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFD7FFBFCDD1FB9C27C5A08F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FF1C2646A55F.text	03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FF1C2646A55F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galbella Westwood 1848	<div><p>Genus GALBELLA Westwood, 1848</p><p>synonym: Ianthe Marseul 1865: 27 [unused original spelling]. synonym: Janthe Marseul 1866: 502 .</p><p>synonym: Oncomoea Saunders 1866: 321.</p><p>synonym: Sponsorinus Fairmaire 1900 .</p><p>Galbella holzschuhi Volkovitsh 2008: 40 .</p><p>[subgenus Galbella].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) On Pistacia tree ( Anacardiaceae) (Volkovitsh 2008). Distribution within Iran. Fars, Yazd (Volkovitsh 2008). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FF1C2646A55F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FA9A26ECA16A.text	03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FA9A26ECA16A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratassa Marseul 1882	<div><p>Genus PARATASSA Marseul, 1882</p><p>Paratassa orientalis Bílý &amp; Volkovitsh 1996: 345; Bílý 1983a: 56 (as coraebiformis); Borumand 2002: 41 (as coraebiformis); Kubáň 2006: 350; Bellamy 2008a: 424; Bílý et al. 2011: 194.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Diplotaxis hara (Brassicaceae) (Adult!) (Bílý 1983a).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Bílý 1983a, as coraebiformis; Bílý &amp; Volkovitsh 1996; Borumand 2002; Bílý et al. 2011), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. UAE (Bílý et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FA9A26ECA16A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FCFC254FA3BF.text	03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FCFC254FA3BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steraspis Dejean 1833	<div><p>*Genus STERASPIS Dejean, 1833</p><p>synonym: Glyphana Gistel 1848 .</p><p>synonym: Phalantha Gistel 1834 .</p><p>* Steraspis speciosa arabica Waterhouse 1904: 348; Kubáň 2006: 344; Bellamy 2008a: 463 (as species); Curletti 2009: 93, 98 (key), 105; Bílý et al. 2011: 195; Hadian et al. 2012: 2.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Note. Obvious misidentification. This species occurs in Arabian Peninsula, the occurrence of the genus in Iran is extremely doubtful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFE8FF80CDD1FCFC254FA3BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFE8FF81CDD1F8C726D8A5F1.text	03D63243FFE8FF81CDD1F8C726D8A5F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chalcophora Dejean 1833	<div><p>Genus CHALCOPHORA Dejean, 1833</p><p>synonym: Anaglyptes Gistel 1848.</p><p>* Chalcophora detrita (Klug) 1829: [no 19] ( Buprestis); Kubáň 2006: 344; Bellamy 2008a: 560; Hadian et al. 2012: 2.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Egypt, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. Possibly a misidentification or imported with wood, this species is not recorded from western Iran.</p><p>Chalcophora mariana (Linnaeus) 1758: 409 ( Buprestis); Kubáň 2006: 344; Bellamy 2008a: 564. synonym: hiulca Pallas 1781: 409 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: deaurata Voet 1806: 94 ( Cucujus).</p><p>synonym: meriana Gistel 1848: 128 (Anaglyptes).</p><p>synonym: zoufali Obenberger 1924b: 49.</p><p>synonym: bischofi Pochon 1966: 66 (subspecies of mariana); Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of mariana mariana), 344.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Austria, Belgia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldavia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006), Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia (Bellamy 2008a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFE8FF81CDD1F8C726D8A5F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFE9FF82CDD1FC8620A5A0F3.text	03D63243FFE9FF82CDD1FC8620A5A0F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chalcophorella Kerremans 1903	<div><p>Genus CHALCOPHORELLA Kerremans, 1903</p><p>Chalcophorella bagdadensis (Laporte &amp; Gory) 1836: 125 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 79; Kubáň 2006: 345; Bellamy 2008a: 551; Abaei 2014: 691 (author: Bily [sic!]).</p><p>synonym: amarensis Obenberger 1942: 8 (subspecies of bagdadensis).</p><p>synonym: aureoscripta Mandl &amp; Pochon 1957: 326.</p><p>synonym: berhauti Mandl &amp; Pochon 1957: 325.</p><p>[subgenus Stigmatophorella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Kouh-Hadjoudj, Neima; Poucht-é-Kouh: Tagh-i-Mowla" (Théry 1925). Fars (Saghaei et al. 2010), Khuzestan (Théry 1925), Zagros area (Abaei 2014), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Ali 2010).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Iraq, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a; Ali 2010). Note. A robber fly species, Stenopogon junceus (Wiedemann in Meigen, 1820) ( Diptera: Asilidiae) is the predator of C. bagdadensis (Saghaei et al. 2010) .</p><p>Chalcophorella bagdadensis freyi Obenberger 1942: 8 (subspecies of bagdadensis); Radjabi 1968: 71, 1976: 128; Bílý 1983a: 53; Modarres Awal 1997: 134 (as bagdanensis frey); Borumand 2002: 29; Kubáň 2006: 345; Bellamy 2008a: 551.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Wild and cultivated almond ( Amygdalus spp.; Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1976; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kerman, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Ilam (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Chalcophorella escalerae (Abeille de Perrin) 1904: 212 ( Buprestis); Richter 1952: 197 (abberation of bagdadensis); Radjabi 1968: 71, 1976: 128; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 29; Kubáň 2006: 345; Bellamy 2008a: 551; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>[subgenus Stigmatophorella].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Wild almond, white-thorn ( Amygdalus sp., Crataegus sp., Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997), Crataegus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Lorestan (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad ("Valee du Chindaar, dans le Haut Karoum") (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Radjabi 1976; Borumand 2002), Yazd (Radjabi 1976), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>* Chalcophorella fabricii (Rossi) 1792: 100 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 79; Kubáň 2006: 345; Bellamy 2008a: 551. [subgenus Rossiella].</p><p>Immatures: Gory &amp; Laporte 1840: 2; Bertoloni 1842: 87; Pecchioli 1843: 2; Perris 1877: 131. Biology/Bionomy: Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 2; Bertoloni 1842: 89; Pecchioli 1843: 2; Bertoloni 1872: 351; Xambeu 1892: 225; Berlese 1924: 184.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Poucht-é-Kouh: Mollah-Giavan" (Théry 1925). Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Iraq, Lebanon, Italy, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Note. The occurrence of this species in Iran needs confirmation.</p><p>Chalcophorella morgani Théry 1925: 79 (Chalcophorella), 171 ( Chalcophora); Kubáň 2006: 345; Bellamy 2008a: 552.</p><p>[subgenus Chalcophorella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Théry 1925), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Chalcophorella orientalis (Obenberger) 1924c: 14 ( Chalcophorella); Kubáň 2006: 345, Bellamy 2008a: 552; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>[subgenus Stigmatophorella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Obenberger 1924c), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Pakistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Chalcophorella quadrioculata (Redtenbacher) 1843: 993 ( Chalcophora); Kubáň 2006: 345; synonym: akbesiana Cobos 1957: 200 (subspecies of quadrioculata); Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of quadrioculata), 345; Bellamy 2008a: 552.</p><p>[subgenus Stigmatophorella].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Georgia, Iraq, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Chalcophorella stigmatica (Dalman in Schönherr) 1817: 119 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 79; Richter 1952: 195; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1974: 38; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 19; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 30; Kubáň 2006: 345; Bellamy 2008a: 552; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236. synonym: quadrinotata (Klug) 1829: No. 20 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: lefebvrei (Laporte &amp; Gory) 1836: 17 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher) 1850: 47 ( Chalcophora).</p><p>synonym: marseuli (Garbiglietti) 1867: lxvii ( Buprestis); Modarres Awal 1997: 134 (subspecies of stigmatica, author Obenberger).</p><p>synonym: balcanica Obenberger 1936c: 175 (subspecies of stigmatica).</p><p>[subgenus Chalcophorella].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Amygdalus spp. ( Rosaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), wild almond ( Amygdalus sp.) (Farahbakhsh 1960), Quercus sp. ( Fagaceae) (Borumand 2002). Distribution within Iran. East Azarbayjan, Markazi (Modarres Awal 1997),? Fars (Modarres Awal 1997, as stigmatica marseuli Obenberger), Isfahan and central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Kermanshah (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khuzestan (Théry 1925), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Davatchi et al. 1959; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Bosnia-Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Egypt, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Italy (Sardinia), Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFE9FF82CDD1FC8620A5A0F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFEBFF83CDD1FF5A2646A6CE.text	03D63243FFEBFF83CDD1FF5A2646A6CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlorophorella Descarpentries 1973	<div><p>Genus CHLOROPHORELLA Descarpentries, 1973</p><p>Chlorophorella gerlingi Descarpentries 1973: 251; Bílý 1983a: 54; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 114 ( Chalcophorella); Modarres Awal 1997: 134 ( Chalcophorella); Kubáň 2006: 345; Bellamy 2008a: 569. Host plant(s) within Iran. Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Bílý 1983a; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Descarpentries 1973; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Hormozgan, Kerman (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFEBFF83CDD1FF5A2646A6CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFEBFF84CDD1FDAB2795A0B9.text	03D63243FFEBFF84CDD1FDAB2795A0B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lamprodila Motschulsky 1860	<div><p>Genus LAMPRODILA Motschulsky, 1860</p><p>synonym: Lampra Dejean 1833 (preoccupied by Lampra Hübner 1816). synonym: Castalia Laporte &amp; Gory 1836 (preoccupied by Castalia Lamarck 1819). synonym: Dendrochariessa Gistel 1848 (suppressed name).</p><p>synonym: Scintillatrix Obenberger 1956 (replacement name for Lampra Dejean).</p><p>Lamprodila balcanica (Kirchsberg) 1876: 29 ( Poecilonota); Kubáň 2006: 351; Bellamy 2008a: 603; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>synonym: ottomana (Obenberger) 1952d: 322 ( Lampra, variety of balcanica). [subgenus Palmar].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>* Lamprodila decipiens (Gebler) 1847: 407 ( Poecilonota); Kubáň 2006: 44, 350; Bellamy 2008a: 606. synonym: dives (Guillebeau) 1889: 7 ( Lampra); Kubáň 2006: 48 (synonym of decipiens). synonym: modesta (Guillebeau) 1889: 5 ( Lampra).</p><p>[subgenus Lamprodila].</p><p>Immatures: Mulsant &amp; Revelière 1860: 86; Perris 1877: 131 (as mirifica); Richter 1952: 87 (as dives); Zykov 1983: 744; 1984: 1268; Bílý 1999: 23.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 65 (as dives).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran.? Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lichtenstein, Moldavia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Note. The record for Iran needs confirmation.</p><p>Lamprodila gloriosa (Marseul) 1865: 160 ( Poecilonota); Richter 1952: 78 ( Lampra); Salavatian 1950: 10 ( Lampra, author: Laporte &amp; Gory); Radjabi 1968: 71 ( Lampra, author: Laporte &amp; Gory); Modarres Awal 1997: 137 ( Lampra, author: Laporte &amp; Gory); Borumand 2002: 41 ( Lampra); Kubáň 2006: 350; Bellamy 2008a: 610. unavailable name: chariessa Obenberger 1924c: 16 ( gloriosa, var.).</p><p>[subgenus Lamprodila]</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Qazvin (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1924c, gloriosa, var. chariessa; Richter 1952).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006).</p><p>Lamprodila iranica (Obenberger) 1952d: 333 ( Lampra); Bílý 1983a: 56 ( Scintillatrix); Kubáň 2006: 350; Bellamy 2008a: 611; Baiocchi 2013: 473.</p><p>?lapsus calami: persica Obenberger: Radjabi 1974: 40 ( Lampra); Modarres Awal 1997: 137 ( Lampra); Borumand 2002: 41 ( Lampra).</p><p>[subgenus Lamprodila, mirifica species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva) Salix sp. ( Salicaceae) (Baiocchi 2013). Distribution within Iran. Isfahan (Obenberger 1952d), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983; Baiocchi 2013), Tehran (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as persica; Baiocchi 2013), North and Central Iran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Lamprodila mirifica (Mulsant) 1855: 146 ( Poecilonota); Kubáň 2006: 350; Bellamy 2008a: 613. [subgenus Lamprodila, mirifica species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Maslov 1966: 1650; Zykov 1983: 737; Bílý 1999: 23.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 66.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldavia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Lamprodila mirifica nadezhdae (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1909: 314 ( Lampra); Richter 1952: 85 ( Lampra); Kubáň 2006: 350; Bellamy 2008a: 614.</p><p>synonym: montana (Obenberger) 1924c: 17 ( Lampra, subspecies of circumciliata). synonym: circumciliata (Obenberger) 1927b: 82 ( Lampra).</p><p>synonym: caspica (Obenberger) 1930a: 102 ( Lampra); Richter 1952: 97 ( Lampra). Distribution within Iran. "Enseli, au bord la mer Caspienne" (Obenberger 1952d, type of caspica). Khorasan (Obenberger 1924c, type of circumciliata; Richter 1952), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952, as caspica; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Lamprodila mirifica vicina (Guillebeau) 1889: 3 ( Lampra); Kubáň 2006: 350; Bellamy 2008a: 614. synonym: caucasica (Obenberger) 1934b: 115 ( Lampra, subspecies of mirifica).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Lamprodila tuerki (Ganglbauer) 1882: 135 ( Lampra); Richter 1952: 85 ( Lampra); Kubáň 2006: 351; Bellamy 2008a: 623; Barimani et al. 2009: 65, 2010: 131.</p><p>misidentification: rutilans (not Fabricius 1777): Farahbakhsh 1960: 75; Adeli 1972: 11 ( Lampra), Adeli &amp; Soleimani 1976: 134 ( Lampra); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 120 ( Lampra rutilans); Modarres Awal 1997: 137 ( Lampra rutilan).</p><p>[subgenus Lamprodila, rutilans species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Zykov 1992: 59.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Fagus sp. ( Fagaceae), Tilia sp. ( Malvaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; as Lampra rutilans); Fagus orientalis ssp. macrophylla ( Fagaceae) (Adeli &amp; Soleimani 1976, as rutilans); Tilia begonifolia Ster., sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Ganglbauer 1882, Richter 1952), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997), Caspian forests (Adeli 1972, as Lampra rutilans), central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), northern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFEBFF84CDD1FDAB2795A0B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFEDFF9FCDD1FF1C2134A004.text	03D63243FFEDFF9FCDD1FF1C2134A004.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoptera Dejean 1833	<div><p>Genus SPHENOPTERA Dejean, 1833</p><p>synonym: Depsaria Gistel 1856.</p><p>Sphenoptera abbaspouri Obenberger (nomen nudum): Radjabi 1968: 76 (as abbss-pouri); Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 24.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002). Note. Undescribed species (M. Kalashian, personal communication), specimen(s) deposited in Obenberger’s collection (Prague, Czech Republic).</p><p>Sphenoptera abbreviata Jakovlev 1899a: 104; Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 19; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 638; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 412. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Ilam (Borumand 2002), Kermanshah (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Lorestan (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Record for Iran in Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian (2006) based on the type specimen of S. abbreviata hetera (Obenberger 1927a), currently a synonym of S. obruta Kerremans 1909 (see below). The presence of this species in Iran needs confirmation.</p><p>Sphenoptera acuminata Jakovlev 1898a: 331; Radjabi 1968: 76, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 24; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 92; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 639. [subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Golestan (Jakovlev 1898a; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1929d), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera aeneomicans Kraatz in Heyden &amp; Kraatz 1882: 317; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 91; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 357; Sakenin et al. 2008: 36; Bellamy 2008b: 640. synonym: unidentata Jakovlev 1891: 137.</p><p>synonym: veselyi Obenberger 1915: 53 .</p><p>synonym: aladaghensis Obenberger 1920a: 116.</p><p>synonym: aeneofulgens Obenberger 1929d: 26, 120.</p><p>synonym: persica Obenberger 1929d: 26, 121; Radjabi 1974: 40. synonym: ushinskii Obenberger 1929d: 26; 122.</p><p>synonym: ahriman Obenberger 1929d: 48; Bílý 1983a: 79.</p><p>synonym: amasiae Obenberger 1929d: 49.</p><p>synonym: baicalensis Obenberger 1929d: 53.</p><p>synonym: fabichi Obenberger 1952b: 14.</p><p>synonym: fleischeri Obenberger 1952b: 15.</p><p>synonym: moganensis Obenberger 1955a: 12.</p><p>synonym: hoberlandti Obenberger 1955a: 13 .</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a, as ahriman), Guilan (Sakenin et al. 2008), Khorasan (type of aladaghensis) (Obenberger 1920a, 1929d), Lorestan (types of persica, ahriman) (Obenberger 1929d), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera aerata Jakovlev 1887a: 62; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 640, 652 (as areata). [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1887a; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Records for Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan in Bellamy (2008b) are dubious.</p><p>Sphenoptera althaeae Obenberger 1929d: 17, 112; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 94; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 643.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Obenberger 1929d), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera ambigua (Klug) 1829: No. 28 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 79; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 644.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Syria (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera amoena Jakovlev 1901a: 183; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 644. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1901a; Kerremans 1913), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan (Bellamy 2008b), Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006). Note. Records for Armenia and Azerbaijan in Bellamy (2008b) are erroneous.</p><p>Sphenoptera anthaxoides Reitter 1895a: 42; Radjabi 1968: 79, 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 80; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 28; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 646 (subgenus Hoplistura). [subgenus Tropeopeltis].</p><p>Immatures: Richter 1940: 241; Alexeev 1981a: 76; Zykov 1995: 51.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1940: 244.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Kerman, Tehran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006), Iraq (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera anthracina Jakovlev 1887a: 78; Radjabi 1976: 129; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 646, Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 412; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>synonym: atramentaria Jakovlev 1900: 500; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of anthracina), 362. synonym: furva Jakovlev 1908a: 215; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of anthracina), 362; Barimani et al. 2012: 192.</p><p>synonym: tenebricosa Jakovlev 1908a: 215; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of anthracina), 362. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Astragalus anseanthus, A. gossypinus (Fabaceae) (Barimani et al. 2012). Distribution within Iran. "Perse: Chakhou" (type of anthracina) (Jakovlev 1887a). Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, Fars (Radjabi 1976), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera antiqua (Illiger) 1803: 247 ( Buprestis); Kalashian et al. 2005b: 97; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 647.</p><p>synonym: inaequalis (Steven) 1829: 287 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: dianthi (Steven) 1829: 286 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: litigiosa Mannerheim 1837: 94.</p><p>synonym: iridiventris Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 7.</p><p>synonym: variolosa Kerremans 1898b: 299.</p><p>synonym: serena Jakovlev 1900: 407.</p><p>synonym: quercii Leoni 1911: 5.</p><p>synonym: georgica Obenberger 1916: 248; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of antiqua), 362. synonym: lineigera Obenberger 1920a: 115; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of antiqua), 362. synonym: melitta Obenberger 1927a: 88.</p><p>synonym: oreophila Obenberger 1927a: 90; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of antiqua), 362. synonym: danaica Obenberger 1927a: 92.</p><p>synonym: helladicola Obenberger 1927a: 92 (subspecies of georgica). synonym: korbi Obenberger 1927a: 93; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of antiqua), 362. synonym: ausonica Obenberger 1927a: 95 (subspecies of antiqua). synonym: earo Obenberger 1929d: 27, 123.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Immatures: Bílý 1999: 15.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 72.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Moldavia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera antiqua pernitens Obenberger 1927a: 94 (subspecies of antiqua); Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 19; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 649. Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006).</p><p>Note. The records for Iran may refer to the next subspecies.</p><p>Sphenoptera antiqua ramosula Obenberger 1927a: 95 (subspecies of antiqua); Bílý 1983a: 77; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 649.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006).</p><p>Sphenoptera arcana Jakovlev 1908a: 211; Obenberger 1927a: 46, 53; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 97; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 650.</p><p>synonym: assuricola Obenberger 1920a: 121.</p><p>synonym: baghdadensis Obenberger 1929b: 13.</p><p>synonym: heliochaera Obenberger 1929d: 17, 111 (variety of assuricola). synonym: morgani Obenberger 1929d: 18, 114 (part.).</p><p>synonym: stella Obenberger 1952b: 5.</p><p>synonym: teheranica Obenberger 1952b: 6.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Perse septentrionale" (Jakovlev 1908a; Obenberger 1927a). Fars (Obenberger 1952b, type of stella), Lorestan (paralectotype of morgani), Tehran (Jakovlev 1908a, lectotype of arcana; Obenberger 1952b, type of teheranica), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera arguta Jakovlev 1900c: 440 (subgenus Hoplandrocneme); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 360; Bellamy 2008b: 652.</p><p>[subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1900; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927f; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera armena (Steven) 1829: 286 ( Buprestis); Kalashian et al. 2005b: 93; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 652 ( Sphenoptera s.str.).</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. West Azarbaijan (Steven 1829), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera artemisiae Reitter 1889: 281; Radjabi 1968: 75; Bílý 1983a: 81; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 25; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 653. synonym: caucasica Jakovlev 1891: 138 .</p><p>synonym: molitor Reitter 1890e: 170 (variety of artemisiae); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of artemisiae).</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Jakovlev 1903a, var. molitor; Kerremans 1913), Qazvin (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera balassogloi Jakovlev 1885: 131; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 339, 2006: 360; Bellamy 2008b: 655. synonym: protracta Jakovlev 1885: 133.</p><p>synonym: flagrans Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1896b: 348.</p><p>synonym: morawitzi Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1897: 248; Bílý 1983a: 81. synonym: venusta Jakovlev 1904b: 309 (subgenus Hoplandrocneme). [subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a, as morawitzi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003).</p><p>* Sphenoptera bellatrix Obenberger 1927f: 185; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 360; Bellamy 2008b: 660. [subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006).</p><p>Note. The record for Iran in Bellamy (2008) is doubtful, this species is described and known only from Iraq (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006).</p><p>Sphenoptera bicarinata Jakovlev 1887a: 77; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 662, Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 413.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1887a; Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia (Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009).</p><p>* Sphenoptera bodemeyeri Jakovlev 1900: 501; Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 20; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 663; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406. synonym: quadrata Kerremans 1909: 279; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 770; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406 (synonym of bodemeyeri).</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Isfahan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009). Note. The record for Iran needs confirmation.</p><p>Sphenoptera boisduvali Obenberger 1927a: 77; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 363; Sakenin et al. 2008: 35; Bellamy 2008b: 664.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Sakenin et al. 2008), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. Record for Fraxinus as a host plant (Sakenin et al. 2008) is doubtful.</p><p>Sphenoptera cauta Jakovlev 1904a: 183; Bílý 1983a: 79 (as palea Obenberger); Kalashian et al. 2005a: 80; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 353; Bellamy 2008b: 669; Barimani et al. 2009: 65, 2010: 131; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>synonym: maja Jakovlev 1908b: 516</p><p>synonym: wagneri Obenberger 1926b: 197, 200.</p><p>synonym: dryadis Obenberger 1926b: 208.</p><p>synonym: rambouseki Théry, 1928: 132.</p><p>synonym: petriceki Obenberger 1952c: 57.</p><p>synonym: danubiana Obenberger 1952c: 58 (nomen novum for parvula Auctorum). synonym: damascena Obenberger 1952c: 58.</p><p>synonym: iberica Obenberger 1952c: 88.</p><p>synonym: oeneis Obenberger 1952c: 88.</p><p>[subgenus Chilostetha].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1981a: 76 (as palea).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 73 (as petriceki).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as palea; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Jordan, Macedonia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Turkey (subsp. cauta), Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine (subsp. palea) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera chalybea Ménétriés 1848: 30; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 671. synonym: askhabadensis Obenberger 1927a: 62; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of chalybea), 363. synonym: schelli Obenberger 1927a: 62.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (as halybae) (with bibliography).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, * Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Records for Iran and Azerbaijan in Bellamy (2008b) need confirmation.</p><p>Sphenoptera chusistanica Obenberger 1926b: 201; Bílý 1983a: 79; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 353; Bellamy 2008b: 673.</p><p>[subgenus Chilostetha].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a), Khuzestan (Obenberger 1926b), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera clarescens Kerremans 1909: 283; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 673 ( Chilostetha).</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Chondrilla juncea L., Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.), Cichorium intybus L. (Astreraceae); under laboratory condition: Lactuca sativa L., Cichorium endivia L., Taraxacum officinale Weber, Sonchus aster (L.), Scorzonera hispanica L., Calendula officinalis L., Chrysanthemum sp. ( Asteraceae) (Hasan 1978). Biology/Bionomy: Hasan 1978: 19.</p><p>Immatures: Hasan 1978: 19.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a; Hasan 1978), Tehran (Hasan 1978), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. Species studied by Hasan (1978) as a potential candidate for biological control of skeleton weed ( Chondrilla juncea L.) in Tehran have possibly been misidentified. A few specimens collected by Hasan near Tehran and deposited in Obenberger’s collection (NMPC) were re-identified as S. (Deudora) aeneomicans Kr. (M. Kalashian, personal communication).</p><p>Sphenoptera coerulea Jakovlev 1898b: 559; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 674. [subgenus Cyphostetha].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1898b; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera coracina (Steven) 1829: 286 ( Buprestis); Salavatian 1950: 9; Radjabi 1968: 76, 77; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 20; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 676; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 410.</p><p>synonym: babel Marseul 1865: 340; Radjabi 1968: 76 (variety of coracina); Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (variety of coracina).</p><p>synonym: clauda Marseul 1865: 341; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: quadrifoveolata Marseul 1865: 356.</p><p>synonym: parnassica Jakovlev 1887a: 74.</p><p>synonym: crassiceps Jakovlev 1887a: 75; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: thoracica Jakovlev 1887a: 80; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 364. synonym: dichroa Jakovlev 1887b: 112; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: aethiops Jakovlev 1891: 129; Théry 1925: 80; Radjabi 1968: 76; Bílý 1983a: 75 (as ethiops [sic!]); Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002:19; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363; Sakenin et al. 2008: 36.</p><p>synonym: rugata Kerremans 1903: 112.</p><p>synonym: hartmanni Obenberger 1927a: 11; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: mrazi Obenberger 1927a: 30.</p><p>synonym: poetica Obenberger 1927a: 35.</p><p>synonym: korenskyi Obenberger 1927a: 37, 41; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of coracina), 363. synonym: tatarica Obenberger 1927a: 38.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Rosa canina (Rosaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. Fars, Tehran (Radjabi 1968, Bílý 1983a, as ethiops; Borumand 2002, as aethiops), Golestan (Sakenin et al. 2008, as aethiops), Hamadan, Zanjan (Théry 1925, as aethiops), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aethiops), Kerman, Khuzestan, Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as ethiops), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1927a, as aethiops; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Macedonia, Lebanon, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. The record of Rosa as a host plant is erroneous, this species outside Iran associated with Astragalus (Fabaceae) .</p><p>Sphenoptera cunea Marseul 1865: 346; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 679. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Marseul 1865; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera cuprifrons Faldermann, 1835: 153; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 680. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Isfahan, Khorasan, Lorestan (Marseul 1865; Kerremans 1912; Obenberger 1927a). Distribution outside Iran. "Transcaucasia" (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Dubious species; the type depositary is unknown.</p><p>* Sphenoptera curta Jakovlev 1885: 131; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 96; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 681.</p><p>synonym: caspica Jakovlev 1904a: 184 .</p><p>synonym: plavilscikovi Obenberger 1952b: 18; Bílý 1983a: 78. [subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (as caspica).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Bílý 1983a, as plavilscikovi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Probably misidentification; this species is distributed in the Middle Asian sandy deserts.</p><p>Sphenoptera cyanea Jakovlev 1898b: 558; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 682. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afganistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera cyaneoniger Kerremans 1909: 275; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 682. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (as cyaneonigra [sic!]) (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera cylindricollis Marseul 1866: 401; Bílý 1983a: 82; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 683.</p><p>synonym: henonii Fairmaire in Fairmaire &amp; Coquerel 1866: 26. synonym: alfredi Reitter 1900: 85.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Egypt (Sinai), Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera dadkhani Obenberger, 1955b: 90; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 684.</p><p>[subgenus Tropeopeltis].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca; Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. India, Pakistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Most probably a misidentification of S. servistana Obenberger 1929; species is known only from Pakistan.</p><p>Sphenoptera davatchii Descarpentries 1960: 175; Radjabi 1968: 79, 1972: 38, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 28; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 684 (subgenus Hoplistura); Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>[subgenus Tropeopeltis].</p><p>Immatures: Radjabi 1971: 208.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Radjabi 1971: 203-227, 1972: 38.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Descarpentries 1960); Almond ( Amygdalus sp.), apricot, garden plum, peach, plum, sour cherry ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae) and many other cold region fruit trees (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan, Fars, Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Yazd (Radjabi 1976), generally distributed (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Behdad 1988; Zomorrodi 1990; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. Two parasitoid wasps, Heydenia pretiosa Förster, 1856 ( Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (4♀, 1♂) and Eupelmus muellneri Ruschka, 1921 ( Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) (2♀) were collected as the parasitoids of Sphenoptera davatchii in Piranshahr (West Azarbaijan province).</p><p>Sphenoptera demissa Marseul 1865: 365; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 98; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 685; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>synonym: ganglbaueri Jakovlev 1886: 85; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. synonym: komarovi Jakovlev 1886: 86; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. synonym: obscura Jakovlev 1891: 130; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. synonym: profusa Kerremans 1909: 277; Bílý 1983a: 76; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364.</p><p>synonym: agrippina Kerremans 1911: 633; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. synonym: ajax Kerremans 1913: 137; Radjabi 1968, 1976: 129; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364.</p><p>synonym: breiti Obenberger 1920a: 117.</p><p>synonym: shahrudensis Obenberger 1927a: 55 (variety of ajax); Salavatian 1950: 10; Radjabi 1968: 76, 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 19; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364.</p><p>synonym: kaszabi Obenberger 1963: 321; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of demissa), 364. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (as ajax shahrudensis) (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Kerremans 1913, types of agrippina, profusa; Obenberger 1927a, as agrippina, profusa), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as profusa), Semnan (type of shahrudensis) (Obenberger 1927a), Tehran (Bílý 1983a, as ajax shahrudensis), "Perse" (type of ganglbaueri) (Jakovlev 1886), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, "Caucasus", Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera eddin Jakovlev 1903a: 266; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2001: 197, 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 692. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1903a; Kerremans 1913), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (subspecies pakistana Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2001 (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera edmundi Jakovlev 1900b: 425; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 692; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008: 207.</p><p>synonym: oporina Jakovlev 1903b: 386; Radjabi 1968: 77, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 23; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 753; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008: 207 (synonym of edmundi).</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Borumand 2002, as oporina, var.?), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as oporina), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008).</p><p>Sphenoptera esfandiarii Obenberger (nomen nudum): Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 25.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002). Note. Undescribed species (M. Kalashian, personal communication), specimen(s) deposited in Obenberger’s collection (Prague, Czech Republic).</p><p>Sphenoptera eugenii Jakovlev 1898b: 554; Bílý 1983a: 78 (as eugeni); Borumand 2002: 20 (as eugeni); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 695; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008: 207; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>synonym: cyaniventris Obenberger 1927a: 23; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 682; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008: 207 (synonym of eugenii).</p><p>synonym: leonhardi Obenberger 1927a: 25; Salavatian 1950: 9; Radjabi 1968: 77, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 730; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008: 207 (synonym of eugenii).</p><p>synonym: maga Obenberger, 1927a: 26; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 735; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008: 207 (synonym of eugenii).</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. " Persia: Poucht-é Kouh" (Obenberger 1927a, type of leonhardi). Alborz (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Obenberger 1927a, type of leonhardi), Fars (Obenberger 1927a, type of maga; Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as leonhardi), Semnan (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as leonhardi), Khuzestan (Obenberger 1927a, type of cyaniventris), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Obenberger 1927a, type of leonhardi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera euplecta Obenberger 1927a: 89; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 695. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. " Persia: Aghir Dagh" (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera exarata (Fischer von Waldheim) 1824: 169 ( Buprestis); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 695.</p><p>synonym: dejeanii (Zubkov) 1829: 156 ( Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Radjabi 1968: 77; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 20.</p><p>synonym: spectabilis Kraatz in Heyden &amp; Kraatz 1883a: 345.</p><p>synonym: prosternalis Jakovlev 1885: 130.</p><p>synonym: interrupta Kerremans 1909: 276.</p><p>synonym: araxana Obenberger 1915: 52; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of exarata), 364. synonym: nomadica Obenberger 1916: 247; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of exarata), 364. synonym: sumakovi Obenberger 1927a: 29; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of exarata), 364. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) (as dejeani) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Tehran (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1927a; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera excavata Faldermann 1835: 154; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 696. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. Dubious species, type depositary is unknown, probably a synonym of S. antiqua .</p><p>Sphenoptera exoleta Jakovlev 1908a: 217; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 696; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406.</p><p>synonym: politipennis Obenberger 1927a: 12, 23; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 764; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406 (synonym of exoleta).</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Perse septentrionale: monts Kuldzhar" (Jakovlev 1908a; Obenberger 1927a). Golestan (Obenberger 1927a, type of politipennis), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera finitima Jakovlev 1908a: 225, 227; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 95; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 698.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1908a; Obenberger 1929d; Bellamy 2008b), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera formosula Obenberger 1927d: 27; Bílý 1983a: 82; Borumand 2002: 25; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 699.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Obenberger 1927d), Qom (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera fossa Kerremans 1909: 271; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 699. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1912; Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera freyi Théry 1942: 274; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 700. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Théry 1942), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera fulgens Gory 1841: 309; Bílý 1983a: 81; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 700 ( Hoplistura).</p><p>synonym: chalcichroa Obenberger 1914d: 132.</p><p>synonym: arenosa Obenberger 1924a: 125 (subspecies of chalcichroa). [subgenus Tropeopeltis].</p><p>Immatures: Mateu 1974: 198.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Mateu 1974: 201.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Libya, Mauritania, Moçambique, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera glasunovi Jakovlev 1903a: 273; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 338, 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 704. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Jakovlev 1903a; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera hauseri Reitter 1895a: 34; Radjabi 1968: 75 (with var. expectanda Obenberger); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (with var. expectana [sic!] Obenberger); Borumand 2002: 25; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 337, 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 707.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) on Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1903a; Kerremans 1913; Radjabi 1968; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera hayeki Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2007: 38; Bellamy 2008b: 708. [subgenus Chilostetha].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2007), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera heroica Jakovlev 1903a: 270; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 708. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Jakovlev 1903a), "Perse septentrionale" (Kerremans 1913), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera hetita Obenberger 1927a: 13; Bílý 1983a: 78; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 708.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Astragalus melananthus (Bílý 1983a) . Distribution within Iran. Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera hypocrita Mannerheim 1837: 92; Radjabi 1968: 77; Borumand 2002: 21; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 97; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 710; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 405; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>synonym: sieversi Jakovlev 1887a: 82.</p><p>synonym: torrida Jakovlev 1898b: 553; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 367; Bellamy 2008b: 804; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 405 (synonym of hypocrita).</p><p>synonym: ixion Kerremans 1912: 74; Radjabi 1968: 77, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 21; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008: 719; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 405 (synonym of hypocrita).</p><p>synonym: ordubadensis Obenberger 1916: 250; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: funebralis Obenberger 1927a: 19; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: erdshmiadzini Obenberger 1927a: 20; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: turkmenica Obenberger 1927a: 44; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: glabricollis Obenberger 1929d: 33, 129.</p><p>synonym: levantina Obenberger 1929d: 33. 130; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. synonym: dlabolai Obenberger 1955a: 11; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of hypocrita), 365. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997, as ixion), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as ixion), Lorestan (Kerremans 1912, type of ixion; Obenberger 1927a, 1929d, types of funebralis, levantina), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Jordan, Pakistan Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera ignita Reitter 1895a: 33; Radjabi 1968: 76 (with var. monochroa Obenberger); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (with var. monochroa Obenberger); Borumand 2002: 26; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 334, 2006: 356; Bellamy 2008b: 712.</p><p>synonym: aurora Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1897: 249.</p><p>synonym: prasinula Obenberger 1937b: 91; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of ignita), 356. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) on Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002); Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera incerta Jakovlev 1887a: 57; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 92; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 714.</p><p>synonym: dolens Jakovlev 1893a: 133.</p><p>synonym: confusa Kerremans 1913: 104.</p><p>synonym: joukli Obenberger 1929d: 118.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a, types of confusa, var. limbifera), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera inculta Obenberger 1929d: 42; Bílý 1983a: 78; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 92; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 714.</p><p>misidentification: confusa Kerremans 1913: 104 (part.). [subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (lectotype of inculta), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1929d; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera kaznakowi Jakovlev 1899b: 295; Bílý 1983a: 80; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 721 ( Hoplistura).</p><p>[subgenus Tropeopeltis].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1981a: 76; Zykov 1995: 49.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera kermanshahensis Obenberger 1952a: 4; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 721; Kalashian in Bílý et al. 2011: 203.</p><p>[subgenus Paradeudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah (Obenberger 1952a; Kalashian in Bílý et al. 2011), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE (Kalashian in Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Sphenoptera koenigi Jakovlev 1891: 133; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 93; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 723.</p><p>synonym: integripennis Obenberger 1929d: 20, 116.</p><p>synonym: alma Obenberger 1952b: 11.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (as integripennis) (Obenberger 1929d), Iran (no locality cited) (Kalashian et al. 2005b; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera lalage Obenberger 1927f: 179; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 361; Bellamy 2008b: 726. [subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Obenberger 1927f), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera lapidaria (Brullé) 1832: 134 ( Buprestis); Radjabi 1968: 77; 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 726; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237. synonym: carcelii Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 21; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of lapidaria), 365. synonym: hellenica Obenberger 1913b: 87.</p><p>synonym: caucasicola Obenberger 1927a: 56 (variety of lapidaria); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of lapidaria), 365.</p><p>synonym: ogloblini Obenberger 1927a: 56; Radjabi 1968: 77; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 23; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of lapidaria), 365.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Immatures: Özer &amp; Duran 1968: 26 (as carcelii).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. " Persia: Aghir Dagh" (Obenberger 1927a, type of var. cyanina). East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Fars (Radjabi 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Borumand 2002, as ogloblini), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (type of ogloblini) (Obenberger 1927a), Mazandaran (as ogloblini) (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Tehran, Yazd (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Russia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera laticeps Jakovlev 1886: 94; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 729.</p><p>synonym: strigosa Jakovlev 1887a: 71; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365. synonym: montana Jakovlev 1887b: 113 .</p><p>synonym: massagetica Obenberger 1920a: 109; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365. synonym: tadjika Obenberger 1927a: 74; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365. synonym: memnonia Obenberger 1927a: 79 (subspecies of laticeps); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365.</p><p>synonym: montivaga Obenberger 1927a: 80 (subspecies of propinqua); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365.</p><p>synonym: karakusensis Obenberger 1927a: 80 (subspecies of propinqua); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of laticeps), 365.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Immatures: Rodd 1928: 1 (as montana).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Rodd 1928: 1 (as montana).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Probably misidentification; this species does not occur in adjacent regions of Central and Middle Asia. Its occurrence in Iran and Turkey is doubtful.</p><p>Sphenoptera lia Jakovlev 1901a: 168; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Ghahari et al. 2008: 639; Bellamy 2008b: 731; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Mountain almond, Amygdalis scoparia Spash (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), Golestan (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Record in Havaskary et al. (2012) is dubious, though the species may occur in Northern Iran eastwards of the Caspian Sea.</p><p>Sphenoptera ligulata Jakovlev 1904a: 178; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 361; Bellamy 2008b: 731. [subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1904a; Kerremans 1914), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera magna Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 3; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 735; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 413.</p><p>synonym: alexandri Obenberger 1927a: 33; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 367 (synonym of tragacanthae; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 413 (synonym of magna).</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hamadan (Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera manderstjernae Jakovlev 1886: 94; Radjabi 1974: 40; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 736.</p><p>synonym: bucharae Obenberger 1927a: 78; 1930b: 219; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of manderstjernae), 366.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Doubtful record. This species is not recorded from adjacent regions.</p><p>Sphenoptera manifesta Jakovlev 1900: 428; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 96; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 736.</p><p>synonym: megarauca Obenberger 1952b: 21.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera merkli Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008: 205 . [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah, Lorestan (Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2008). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera mesopotamica Marseul 1865: 389; Salavatian 1950: 10; Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Radjabi 1968: 77; Bílý 1983a: 81; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 27; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 340, 2006: 361; Bellamy 2008b: 740.</p><p>synonym: fairmairei Marseul 1866: 528; Salavatian 1950: 9; Radjabi 1968: 77, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 27.</p><p>synonym: pelletii Mulsant &amp; Rey 1866: 87; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 340 (lectotype). synonym: turkestanica Jakovlev 1885: 133.</p><p>synonym: fulgurans Obenberger 1920a: 128.</p><p>synonym: deserti Obenberger 1920a: 129 (subspecies of mesopotamica).</p><p>synonym: sartica Obenberger 1927f: 171 (subspecies of mesopotamica).</p><p>synonym: namanganensis Obenberger 1927f: 176.</p><p>[subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (as fairmairei) (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera micans Jakovlev 1886: 93; Bílý 1983a: 78; Borumand 2002: 25; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 95; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 358; Bellamy 2008b: 741.</p><p>synonym: binominata Kerremans 1913: 577 (nomen novum for aenea Kraatz). synonym: irritatrix Obenberger 1929d: 37 (correct subsequent spelling validated by subsequent usage, ICZN 1999, Article 33.3.1).</p><p>synonym: viridatrix Obenberger 1929d: 37 (unused original spelling).</p><p>synonym: shah Obenberger 1929d: 37.</p><p>synonym: escalerae Obenberger 1929d: 39, 43.</p><p>synonym: pseudomicans Obenberger 1929d: 42.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Jakovlev 1886, type of micans; Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1929d; Obenberger 1929d, type of pseudomicans), Kerman (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1929d, type of shah; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera misella Jakovlev 1900: 415; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 92; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 742.</p><p>synonym: liliputana Obenberger 1929d: 52.</p><p>synonym: callimicra Obenberger 1929d: 53, 115.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Obenberger 1929d, type of callimicra), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Georgia, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera moesta Jakovlev 1887a: 64; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 743. synonym: uncta Kerremans 1909: 277; Radjabi 1968: 77; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 24; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of moesta), 366.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1913, type of uncta; Obenberger 1927a, as uncta), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (as uncta) (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Jakovlev 1887a; Kerremans 1913; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>* Sphenoptera motschulskyi Obenberger 1926a: 17; Bílý 1983a: 81 (motschulski); Bellamy 2008b: 745. [subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. India (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Record for Iran (Bílý 1983a) needs confirmation; this species was described from East India (Madras).</p><p>Sphenoptera nausicaa Obenberger 1927a: 21; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 746; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (type, Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera nox Jakovlev 1900: 445; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2002: 170; 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 749. [subgenus Cyphostetha].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Jakovlev 1900; Kerremans 1913), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera obruta Kerremans 1909: 275; Obenberger 1927a: 21 (as abbreviata, non Jakovlev 1899, misidentification); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 751; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406. synonym: hetera Obenberger 1927a: 21 (subspecies of abbreviata); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 638 (subspecies of abbreviata); Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406 (synonym of obruta). synonym: chalcosoma Obenberger 1927a: 43; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 671; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406 (synonym of obruta).</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Obenberger 1927a, as abbreviata), central parts of Iran (Obenberger 1927a, type of hetera), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b, as abbreviata hetera). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia (as chalcosoma), Syria (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009).</p><p>Sphenoptera oertzeni Jakovlev 1887b: 115; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 369; Bellamy 2008b: 751 ( Hoplistura). synonym: deltae Obenberger 1924a: 123.</p><p>[subgenus Tropeopeltis].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera oresitropha Obenberger 1927a: 31; Bílý 1983a: 76; Borumand 2002: 24; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 753; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 412.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Borumand 2002), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Mazandaran, Tehran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera parumpunctata (Klug) 1829: No. 33 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 79; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 56 (subgenus Chrysoblemma), 356; Bellamy 2008b: 758.</p><p>synonym: houskai Obenberger 1946: 27; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of parumpunctata), 356. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Egypt (Sinai), Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera parysatis Obenberger 1929d: 43, 241; Bílý 1983a: 79; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 95; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 759.</p><p>synonym: isfahanensis Obenberger 1952b: 8.</p><p>synonym: proserpina Obenberger 1952b: 10.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Obenberger 1929d, type of parysatis), Isfahan (Obenberger 1952b, types of isfahanensis and proserpina), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera perroteti Guérin-Méneville 1840: 328; Bílý 1983a: 80; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 361; Bellamy 2008b: 760.</p><p>synonym: angustata Thomson 1878: 72.</p><p>[subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan (subspecies afganica), India, Sri Lanka (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera puberula Jakovlev 1887b: 116; Kalashian et al. 2005a: 80; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 767.</p><p>synonym: rauda Jakovlev 1908b: 515.</p><p>synonym: cataonia Obenberger 1926b: 209.</p><p>synonym: seriatosetosa Obenberger 1926b: 210.</p><p>synonym: inderiensis Obenberger 1927e: 73.</p><p>[subgenus Chilostetha].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera quezeli Descarpentries &amp; Bruneau de Miré 1963: 173; Bílý 1983a: 82 (as quetzeli); Borumand 2002: 26; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 356; Bellamy 2008b: 770.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) on Tamarix mascatensis (Tamaricaceae) (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Egypt (Sinai), Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera rangnowi Kerremans 1909: 273; Théry 1925: 80; Salavatian 1950: 9; Radjabi 1968: 77; Bílý 1983a: 77 (as rangowi); Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 24; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 771; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 412.</p><p>synonym: strandiana Obenberger 1927a: 42; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of rangnowi), 366. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. " Persia: Ardilan" (type of strandiana) (Obenberger 1927a). Fars (Salavatian 1950; Modarres Awal 1997), Hamadan, Zanjan (Théry 1925), Lorestan (Kerremans 1909, type of rangnowi, 1912; Obenberger 1927a), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera rauca (Fabricius) 1787: 177 ( Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 771.</p><p>synonym: metallica (Fabricius) 1792b: 210 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: striola (Illiger) 1803: 94 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: geminata (Illiger) 1803: 244 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: bassii Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 13.</p><p>synonym: similis Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 14.</p><p>synonym: bravaisii Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 30.</p><p>synonym: carduorum Chevrolat 1840: 14.</p><p>synonym: celtiberica Gory 1841: 302.</p><p>synonym: africana Jakovlev 1900b: 402 (variety of rauca).</p><p>synonym: heliobia Obenberger 1929b: 55.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Wild artichoke ( Cynara cardunculus, Asteraceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Northern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Egypt, France, Greece, Italia, Lybia, Macedonia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, former Yugoslavia (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Most probably a misidentification; probably records for Iran refer to S. aeneomicans Kraatz. Records for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Hungary, Sudan in Bellamy (2008b) are doubtful.</p><p>Sphenoptera repetekensis Obenberger 1927a: 80; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 775. synonym: budshnurdi Obenberger 1927a: 71; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of repetekensis), 366. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Obenberger 1927a, type of budshnurdi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera rugulosa Faldermann 1835: 151; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 776. synonym: cribrata Faldermann 1835: 152; Radjabi 1968: 77 (variety of morio Jakovlev); Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (variety of morio Jakovlev).</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Radjabi 1968, Modarres Awal 1997, as morio, var.?), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera sancta Reitter 1890a: 277, 280; Radjabi 1968: 76; Bílý 1983a: 81; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 26; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 356; Bellamy 2008b: 777. synonym: roseicollis Obenberger 1937c: 92 (variety of sancta); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of sancta), 356.</p><p>synonym: quadrisignatula Obenberger 1937d: 110 (variety of sancta); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of sancta), 356.</p><p>synonym: taborskyi Obenberger 1955a: 15.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Immatures: Zykov &amp; Kalashian 1991: 205.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Guilan, Khorasan, Qazvin, West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan,? Israel, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera saxosa Kerremans 1909: 283; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 778. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Kerremans 1913; Obenberger 1927a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera scovitzii (Faldermann) 1835: 155 ( Buprestis); Radjabi 1968: 76 (as sowitzi); Bílý 1983a: 82 (as sovitzi); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 119 (as sovitzi); Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 26; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 356; Bellamy 2008b: 779.</p><p>synonym: latescutata Fairmaire 1892b: cliii (preoccupied by latescutata Jakovlev 1886). synonym: transcaspica Jakovlev 1893b: 448 (nomen novum for latesulcata Jakovlev 1893, superfluous name); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of scovitzii), 56 (comment), 357.</p><p>synonym: rhododactyla Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1897: 251; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2001: 198; 2006: 357. synonym: angelica Obenberger 1915: 55.</p><p>synonym: combinatrix Obenberger 1920a: 124.</p><p>synonym: vachshenica Stepanov 1959: 59.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a, 1975b; Kaplin 1981; Korotyaev et al. 2005. Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997); on Haloxylon (Chenopodiaceae), Calligonum (Polygonaceae) (Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Kerman, Khuzestan, Qazvin, Qom, Tehran, West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Isfahan, Khorasan (Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Jakovlev 1903a; Radjabi 1968; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Marseul 1866; Kerremans 1913; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chad, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan,? Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera sculpticollis Heyden 1886: 278; Salavatian 1950: 10 (var.?); Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 94; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 780; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238. synonym: akbesiana Obenberger 1920a: 120; Borumand 2002: 24.</p><p>synonym: alutaceiceps Obenberger 1929d: 111.</p><p>synonym: morgani Obenberger 1929d: 114 .</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Immatures: Zykov &amp; Kalashian 1991: 211.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah (Salavatian 1950; Modarres Awal 1997), Kordestan (Borumand 2002, as akbesiana; Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Obenberger 1929d (type of morgani), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera semenovi Jakovlev 1889: 85 (ssemenovi; subgenus Oplistura); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 339, 2006: 362; Bellamy 2008b: 781.</p><p>synonym: prosternalis Reitter 1890a: 279 (preoccupied by prosternalis Jakovlev 1885). synonym: reitteri Jakovlev 1891: 139 (subgenus Oplistura); Radjabi 1968: 76, 1974: 40; Bílý 1983a: 81; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 27.</p><p>synonym: sagitta Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1899: 651 (subgenus Hoplandrocneme). synonym: lamaica Obenberger 1920a: 126.</p><p>synonym: jedlickai Obenberger 1927f: 187.</p><p>[subgenus Hoplistura].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) on Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Borumand 2002). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a, as reitteri), Lorestan (Obenberger 1927f, type of jedlickai; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968, 1974; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as reitteri), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera servistana Obenberger 1929c: 60; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 340, 2006: 369; Bellamy 2008b: 783 ( Hoplistura); Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>synonym: kambyses Obenberger 1930a: 104; Salavatian 1950: 10 (as cambyses); Davatchi et al. 1959: 245 (as cambyses); Farahbakhsh 1960: 76 (as cambyses); Radjabi 1968: 79, 1972: 38; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 33, 70 (as cambyses); Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 28 (as cambyses).</p><p>synonym: dhiaahmedi Cobos 1956: 29.</p><p>[subgenus Tropeopeltis].</p><p>Immatures: Davatchi et al. 1959: 246 (as cambyses); Radjabi 1971: 210 (as kambyses); Zykov 1995: 42 (as kambyses).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Radjabi 1971: 203-227, 1972: 38 (as kambyses).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond, apricot, cherry, peach, plum ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae)?pistachio ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae) (as kambyses) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Prunus (Cerasus) spp., trunks and branches, Pistacia spp., buds (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); polyphagous (Davatchi et al. 1959). Distribution within Iran. Azarbaijan, Kermanshah (Davatchi et al. 1959, Farahbakhsh 1960, Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, as kambyses), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari and central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, as cambyses), Fars (Obenberger 1929c, type of servistana; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, as kambyses), Isfahan (Farahbakhsh 1960), Kerman (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, as kambyses), Khorasan (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, as kambyses), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Tehran (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960, Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as kambyses), Yazd (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as kambyses), generally distributed (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1961; Radjabi 1991; Behdad 1988; Modarres Awal 1997, as kambyses), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera signata Jakovlev 1887a: 65; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 90; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 784; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>synonym: obsoleta Jakovlev 1891: 136.</p><p>synonym: satelles Jakovlev 1898a: 331.</p><p>synonym: addenda Jakovlev 1900: 413.</p><p>synonym: jejuna Jakovlev 1900: 417.</p><p>synonym: detrita Jakovlev 1902: 572 .</p><p>synonym: destituta Obenberger 1929d: 25, 46.</p><p>synonym: julia Obenberger 1929d: 50.</p><p>synonym: araxicola Obenberger 1929d: 50.</p><p>synonym: buresi Obenberger 1932: 61.</p><p>synonym: hierosolymitana Obenberger 1946: 25.</p><p>synonym: jureceki Obenberger 1946: 26.</p><p>synonym: arsinoe Obenberger 1952b: 22; Bílý 1983a: 79. synonym: gyaurdagensis Obenberger 1955a: 14.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Alborz, Tehran, West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a, as arsinoe), Fars (Obenberger 1952b, type of arsinoe), Khuzestan (Obenberger 1929d, type of julia), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006).</p><p>Sphenoptera simplex Jakovlev 1893a: 130; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 95; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 786; Barimani et al. 2009: 65.</p><p>synonym: fraterna Jakovlev 1900: 408.</p><p>synonym: allecta Jakovlev 1900: 410.</p><p>synonym: samotica Obenberger 1929d: 32, 128.</p><p>synonym: ankarana Obenberger 1952b: 17.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Greece, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera smyrneensis Gory 1841: 305; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 89; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 359; Bellamy 2008b: 787; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>synonym: inconspicua Jakovlev 1893a: 134.</p><p>synonym: congrua Jakovlev 1900: 419.</p><p>synonym: anxia Jakovlev 1900: 420.</p><p>synonym: captiosa Jakovlev 1902: 571.</p><p>synonym: delicata Kerremans 1909: 279.</p><p>synonym: subsulcata Kerremans 1909: 282.</p><p>synonym: migriensis Obenberger 1916: 249.</p><p>synonym: nephele Obenberger 1929d: 43.</p><p>synonym: cassia Obenberger 1929d: 45; Bílý 1983a: 79. synonym: maronita Obenberger 1929d: 51.</p><p>synonym: salomonis Obenberger 1952b: 12.</p><p>synonym: pseudorauca Obenberger 1952b: 13.</p><p>synonym: agilis Obenberger 1952b: 19.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Obenberger 1929d, types of nephele, cassia), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Kerremans 1913, type of subsulcata), Tehran (Bílý 1983a, as cassia), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera sobrina Jakovlev 1886: 97; Kalashian et al. 2005b: 89; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 360; Bellamy 2008b: 789; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>[subgenus Deudora].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera striatipennis Jakovlev 1885: 132, 1903a: 255; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 334, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 791.</p><p>synonym: potanini Jakovlev 1889: 86; Radjabi 1968: 76; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 26 (potonini).</p><p>synonym: procera Reitter 1890a: 277 .</p><p>synonym: cyaneoviridis Cobos 1968: 385.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev et al. 1991: 15 (as potanini).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (as potanini) (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as potanini).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (as potanini) (Radjabi 1968; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Northern Iran (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera subtilis Jakovlev 1898b: 552; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 794; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Jakovlev 1898b), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera sulcata (Fischer von Waldheim) 1824: 197 ( Buprestis); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 367; Bellamy 2008b: 794.</p><p>synonym: fossulata (Gebler) 1825: 46 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: gebleri Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 12 (nomen novum for fossulata Gebler 1825). synonym: mendax Marseul 1869: 122 (nomen novum for impressicolis Marseul 1866); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367.</p><p>synonym: bergrothi Obenberger 1927a: 66; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367. synonym: tiflisensis Obenberger 1927h: 38; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367. synonym: benedicenda Obenberger 1927a: 72; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367.</p><p>synonym: uralicola Obenberger 1927a: 75 (subspecies of cuprina); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of sulcata sulcata), 367.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Obenberger 1927a; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Ukraine (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006).</p><p>Note. Records for Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan in Bellamy (2008b) need confirmation.</p><p>Sphenoptera syriaca Jakovlev 1908b: 514; Kalashian et al. 2005a: 83; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 798.</p><p>synonym: blattnyi Obenberger 1926b: 202.</p><p>synonym: calosoma Obenberger 1926b: 203.</p><p>[subgenus Chilostetha].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Obenberger 1952b, type of calosoma), West Azarbaijan (Obenberger 1952b, type of blattnyi), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera tamaricis (Klug) 1829: No. 30 ( Buprestis); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 335, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 798.</p><p>synonym: asiatica Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 36; Bílý 1983a: 81; Borumand 2002: 25. synonym: filiformis Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 39.</p><p>synonym: walteri Reitter 1890a: 276, 279.</p><p>synonym: dilotti Obenberger 1929c: 60; Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 27. synonym: pseudoignita Alexeev 1978: 852.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a, 1975b (as pseudoignita); Kaplin 1981 (as pseudoignita); Korotyaev et al. 2005 (as tamarisci [sic!]).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Bílý 1983a; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood). Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Borumand 2002, as asiatica), Khuzestan (as asiatica) (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as dilotti and tamaricis), Tehran (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Egypt (Sinai), Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Records for Afghanistan and Syria in Bellamy (2008b) need confirmation.</p><p>Sphenoptera tamarisci Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 35; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2001: 200, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 799.</p><p>synonym: smaragdina Jakovlev 1901b: 352.</p><p>synonym: sterbai Obenberger 1927d: 22; Radjabi 1968: 76; Bílý 1983a: 82; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 119; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 27.</p><p>unavailable name: lura Obenberger 1937d: 110 (variety of sterbai).</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarix sp. ( Tamaricaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as sterbai).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Ardabil, Golestan, Qom (Borumand 2002, as sterbai), East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997, as sterbai), Kerman, Qazvin (Bílý 1983a, as sterbai), Lorestan (Obenberger 1927d, type of sterbai, var. lura), Markazi (Modarres Awal 1997, as sterbai), Mazandaran (Radjabi 1968, as tamarisci and sterbai; Modarres Awal 1997, as sterbai), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968, as tamarisci and sterbai; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, as sterbai), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997, Borumand 2002, as tamarisci, sterbai and beckeri), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, "Arabia", Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Egypt, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera tamarisci beckeri Dohrn 1866: 249; Salavatian 1950: 9; Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Radjabi 1968: 75; Bílý 1983a: 82; Modarres Awal 1997: 134 (as Chrysoblemma beckeri), 139; Borumand 2002: 25; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 799; Sakenin et al. 2008: 35.</p><p>synonym: tamaricis Marseul 1866: 399 .</p><p>synonym: scutellata Obenberger 1920a: 122 (subspecies of tamaricis).</p><p>synonym: chrysorrhoea Obenberger 1927d: 21 (variety of tamaricis); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 53 (synonym of tamaricsi beckeri), 357.</p><p>synonym: tekkensis Obenberger 1952e: 4.</p><p>synonym: potopolskii Stepanov 1959: 59.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a, 1975b (as beckeri); Kaplin 1981 (as beckeri); Korotyaev et al. 2005. Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Alhagi camelorum (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997), Guilan, Hormozgan, Qom (Bílý 1983a), Isfahan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997), Kermanshah, Lorestan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Mazandaran (Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Sakenin et al. 2008), Qazvin (Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Zanjan and other northern provinces (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Distribution of subspecies of this species in Iran needs further investigation. Record of Fraxinus as a host plant (Sakenin et al. 2008) is doubtful.</p><p>Sphenoptera tappesi Marseul 1865: 387; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 369; Bellamy 2008b: 801; Barimani et al. 2009: 65; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>synonym: simulatrix Reitter 1895a: 42; Bílý 1983a: 80; Borumand 2002: 28.</p><p>[subgenus Tropeopeltis].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Isfahan, Kerman (Bílý 1983a, as simulatrix), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009), Yazd (as simulatrix) (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Syria, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Records for Cyprus and Egypt in Bellamy (2008b) are doubtful.</p><p>A parasitoid wasp, Atanycolus ivanowi (Kokujev, 1898) ( Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) (3♀, 1♂) was collected as the parasitoid of Sphenoptera tappesi in Behshahr (Mazandaran province).</p><p>Sphenoptera tezcani Niehuis 1999: 43; Kalashian et al. 2005a: 81; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 355; Bellamy 2008b: 802.</p><p>misidentification: verecunda: Bílý 1983a: 79 (not Obenberger 1952d); Kalashian et al. 2005a: 81 (misidentification of tezcani); Bellamy 2008b: 802 (misidentification of tezcani, note).</p><p>[subgenus Chilostetha].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a, as verecunda), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>* Sphenoptera tigridis Obenberger 1927d: 22; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 803. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006).</p><p>Note. Record for Iran in Bellamy (2008b) is doubtful, possible misprint of Iraq.</p><p>Sphenoptera tragacanthae (Klug) 1829: No. 26 ( Buprestis); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 367; Bellamy 2008b: 804; Sakenin et al. 2008: 34; Barimani et al. 2009: 65; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 406; Barimani et al. 2012: 192; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>synonym: corrugata (Klug) 1829: No. 27 ( Buprestis); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: glabrata (Ménétriés) 1832: 151 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 75 (as glabrata irenae Obenberger 1927a); Borumand 2002: 20 (as glabrata irene), Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. misidentification: semistriata: Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 2 [not (Palisot de Beauvois) 1807: 43 ( Buprestis)]; Bellamy 2008d: 782; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 408, 410 (misidentification).</p><p>synonym: derugata Redtenbacher 1850: 47; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: mniszechi Marseul 1865: 332; Salavatian 1950: 9 (with var. minorita Obenberger); Radjabi 1968: 77 (authors Laporte &amp; Gory); Bílý 1983a: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 139; Borumand 2002: 23; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: elamita Marseul 1865: 338; Salavatian 1950: 9 (variety of mniszechi); Radjabi 1968: 77 (variety of mniszechi); Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (variety of mniszechi); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: lobicollis Marseul 1865: 339; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: encausta Marseul 1865: 340; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: exasciata Jakovlev 1886: 83; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: morio Jakovlev 1886: 84; Radjabi 1968: 77 (morio, var.?); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: sordida Jakovlev 1886: 84; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: prolongata Jakovlev 1887a:70; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: signaticollis Jakovlev 1887a: 85; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: christophi Jakovlev 1887a: 73; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: modesta Jakovlev 1887a: 76; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: speciosa Jakovlev 1887b: 110; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: adusta Jakovlev 1887b: 111; Radjabi 1968: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 19; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: maura Jakovlev 1901b: 317; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: morosa Jakovlev 1908a: 216; Bílý 1983a: 76; Borumand 2002: 23; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: obnubila Jakovlev 1908a: 221; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: luristana Kerremans 1909: 272; Borumand 2002: 22; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: prometheus Obenberger 1916: 245; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: gigas Obenberger 1916: 246; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: maledicta Obenberger 1920a: 104; Bílý 1983a: 75; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 736; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 443 (synonym of tragacanthae).</p><p>synonym: parsa Obenberger 1920a: 105; Salavatian 1950: 10 (variety of luristana); Radjabi 1968: 77 (variety of luristana); Modarres Awal 1997: 139 (variety of luristana); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: nominanda Obenberger 1920a: 106; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: zarathustrae Obenberger 1920a: 107; 1927a: 11 (zarathustra); Radjabi 1968: 77 (zarathustra); Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 24; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368.</p><p>synonym: kulpensis Obenberger 1927a: 6; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: cilicica Obenberger 1927a: 8; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 363; Bellamy 2008b: 673; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 443 (synonym of tragacanthae).</p><p>synonym: radicigena Obenberger 1927a: 8 (subspecies of rugulosa); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: rambouseki Obenberger 1927a: 10; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 771; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).</p><p>synonym: armenigena Obenberger 1927a: 12 (subspecies of zarathustrae); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 56 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: catenifera Obenberger 1927a: 16 (variety of mniszechi); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: coeruleolimbata Obenberger 1927a: 16 (subspecies of mniszechi); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: artaxerxes Obenberger 1927a: 17; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: klapaleki Obenberger 1927a: 16; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: mrazeki Obenberger 1927a: 18; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367. synonym: klickai Obenberger 1927a: 28; Bílý 1983a: 76; Borumand 2002: 21; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 365; Bellamy 2008b: 722; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).</p><p>synonym: corrosa Obenberger 1927a: 31; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 364; Bellamy 2008b: 678; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).</p><p>synonym: satrapa Obenberger 1927a: 32; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 366; Bellamy 2008b: 777; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).</p><p>synonym: tauricola Obenberger 1927a: 33; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: syriae Obenberger 1927a: 34; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 367; Bellamy 2008b: 798; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).</p><p>synonym: zobeida Obenberger 1927a: 36; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 368. synonym: armenorum Obenberger 1927a: 37, 39; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 55 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>synonym: vavrai Obenberger 1927a: 41; Bílý 1983a: 76; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 811; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 444 (synonym of tragacanthae).</p><p>synonym: goryi Théry 1938: 91 (nomen novum for semistriata: Gory &amp; Laporte 1839, not Palisot de Beauvois 1807); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 54 (synonym of tragacanthae), 367.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Falcaria vulgaris (Apiaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008); Astragalus anseanthus, A. gossypinus (Fabaceae) (Barimani et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, Qazvin, West Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002, as glabrata irene), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Obenberger 1927a, type of klickai; Bílý 1983a, as mniszechi), Fars (Redtenbacher 1850, type of derugata; Jakovlev 1886, types of exasciata, morio; Modarres Awal 1997, as parsa; Bílý 1983a, as klickai, maledicta; Borumand 2002, as klickai), Golestan (Obenberger 1927a, as christophi), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as mniszechi varr. elamita and minorita), Kermanshah (Obenberger 1920a, types of parsa, nominanda; Borumand 2002, as mniszechi), Khorasan (Obenberger 1920a, 1927a, types of zarathustrae, rambouseki, satrapa; Bílý 1983a as glabrata irene; Borumand 2002, as glabrata irene), Khuzestan (Bílý 1983a, as mniszechi; Borumand 2002, as mniszechi), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a, as klickai and vavrai), Lorestan (Kerremans 1909, types of luristana, var. parsa; Obenberger 1916, type of gigas; Obenberger 1927a, types of mniszechi var. minorita, tetrastigma, catenifera; artaxerxes; Sakenin et al. 2008, as mniszechi; Borumand 2002, as klickai), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as glabrata irenae; Borumand 2002, as glabrata irene; Barimani et al. 2009, 2012), Qom (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as mniszechi, morosa, morio var.?), Semnan (Borumand 2002, as adusta and luristana), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968, as mniszechi var. elamita and minorita; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as glabrata irene), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968, as adusta, mniszechi, luristana var. parsa, elamita and zarathustrae; Bílý 1983a, as glabrata irenae, morosa; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as klickai, morosa, mniszechi and zarathustrae); "Perse" (Gory &amp; Laporte 1839, as semistriata, misidentification; Marseul 1865, types of mnizsechi, elamita; Kerremans 1912, as elamita, mnizsechi, derugata), "Perse: Chakhou" (Jakovlev 1887a, type of christophi), " Persia " (Obenberger 1927a, as aethiops ssp. gigas, adusta, derugata; types of klapaleki, corrosa), " Persia: Ardilan" (Obenberger 1927a, type of vavrai), " Persia occidentalis: Hamarazendjan" (Obenberger 1927a, type of coeruleolimbata), " Persia: Kharum" (Obenberger 1927a, types of mrazeki, zobeida), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009).</p><p>Note. Records for Ethiopia, Gambia, Mali, Moçambique, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, and Sudan in Bellamy (2008b) possibly refer to semistriata Palisot de Beauvois 1807, not to semistriata: Gory &amp; Laporte 1839 (misidentification), the latter is a synonym of tragacanthae (Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 446) . Record for Falicaria as a host plant (Sakenin et al. 2008) is doubtful, adult and larval host plants of this species are Astragalus spp. ( Fabaceae).</p><p>Sphenoptera tristicula Reitter 1895a: 38; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 337, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 809; Ghobari et al. 2012: 238.</p><p>synonym: elegans Jakovlev, 1900b: 433.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003, 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera trisulcata Reiche &amp; Saulcy 1856: 413; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 809. [subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera violacea Jakovlev 1898b: 557; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 368; Bellamy 2008b: 813; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009: 442.</p><p>[subgenus Sphenoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2009).</p><p>Sphenoptera viridiaurea Kraatz in Heyden &amp; Kraatz 1882: 318; Bílý 1983a: 83; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 813.</p><p>synonym: cylindracea Reitter 1897: 215.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Krivosheina 1975a; Kaplin 1981.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Fars, Kerman, Khuzestan, Qom (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Sphenoptera vlastae Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 135; Bellamy 2008b: 815. [subgenus Sphenopterella].</p><p>misidentification: elpha: Bílý 1983a: 80 (not Obenberger 1926b: 200; Chilostetha); Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2006: 135 (misidentification; holotype of vlastae).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Kalashian &amp; Volkovitsh 2006), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Sphenoptera zarudniana Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003: 332, 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 816. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2003). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. The record for Iraq in Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian (2006) and Bellamy (2008b) is a misprint (Iraq instead of Iran); this species is known only from type locality in Iran.</p><p>Sphenoptera zarudnyi Jakovlev 1899a: 99; Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 816. [subgenus Chrysoblemma].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Jakovlev 1899a), Iran (no locality cited) (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006; Bellamy 2008b: 816).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>* Sphenoptera zarudnyi schatinensis Alexeev &amp; Zykov 1991: 149 (subspecies of zarudnyi); Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006: 357; Bellamy 2008b: 816.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey (Volkovitsh &amp; Kalashian 2006). Note. The records of S. z. schatinensis for Iran and Azerbaijan in Bellamy (2008b) need confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFEDFF9FCDD1FF1C2134A004	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFF7FFE0CDD1F85C2646A12C.text	03D63243FFF7FFE0CDD1F85C2646A12C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lampetis Dejean 1833	<div><p>Genus LAMPETIS Dejean, 1833</p><p>Lampetis argentata (Mannerheim) 1837: 61 ( Buprestis); Salavatian 1950: 9 ( Psiloptera); Richter 1952: 186; Radjabi 1968: 75, 1976: 129 ( Psiloptera s. str.); Bílý 1983a: 54; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 118 ( Psiloptera); Modarres Awal 1997: 138 ( Psiloptera); Borumand 2002: 30 [ Psiloptera (Lampetis)]; Kubáň 2006: 348; Bellamy 2008b: 899; Bílý et al. 2011: 205.</p><p>[subgenus Spinthoptera].</p><p>Immatures: Danilevsky 1980: 791.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarisk ( Tamarix sp., Tamaricaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Fars (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1976; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Borumand 2002), Golestan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Isfahan (Borumand 2002), Kerman (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah, Khorasan, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Kordestan, Mazandaran, Semnan (Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Bílý 1983a; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Borumand 2002), generally distributed (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan (Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Lampetis mimosae (Klug) 1829: No. 23 ( Buprestis); Richter 1952: 187; Radjabi 1974: 40; Modarres Awal 1997: 138 ( Psiloptera); Borumand 2002: 31 [ Psiloptera (Lampetis)]; Kubáň 2006: 348; Bellamy 2008b: 927; Bílý et al. 2011: 206; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1, Ghobari et al. 2012: 237; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 43 ( Psiloptera); Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 1, 3 (as argentata).</p><p>synonym: rugosa Palisot de Beauvois 1807: 44; Théry 1925: 80 [ Psiloptera (Lampetis)]; Radjabi 1968: 75; Modarres Awal 1997 ( Psiloptera); Borumand 2002: 32 [ Psiloptera (Lampetis)].</p><p>misidentification: argentata: Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 1, 3.</p><p>[subgenus Spinthoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane (locs. no. 10, 11, 13), Poucht-é-Kouh (loc. no. 22)" (Théry 1925, as rugosa). East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), Golestan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khuzestan (Théry 1925, as rugosa; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: as argentata), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Lorestan (Théry 1925, as rugosa), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968, as rugosa; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as rugosa), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Erithrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, Yemen (Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Lampetis persica (Kerremans) 1910: 170 ( Psiloptera); Richter 1952: 188; Kubáň 2006: 348; Bellamy 2008b: 934. [subgenus Spinthoptera].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kerremans 1910; Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFF7FFE0CDD1F85C2646A12C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF88FFE6CDD1F94227F4A231.text	03D63243FF88FFE6CDD1F94227F4A231.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capnodis Eschscholtz 1829	<div><p>Genus CAPNODIS Eschscholtz, 1829</p><p>synonym: Caloptera Gistel 1834 .</p><p>Capnodis anthracina (Fischer von Waldheim) 1830: 184 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 80; Richter 1952: 167; Davatchi 1958: 67; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244; Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 55; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Borumand 2002: 32; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 952; Sakenin et al. 2008: 34; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>synonym: anthracina Faldermann 1835: 140 (homonym).</p><p>synonym: bactriana Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1891: 334; Modarres Awal 1997: 133.</p><p>synonym: cribricollis Abeille de Perrin 1896: 270 (variety of anthracina).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Pistacia mutica (Anacardiaceae), wild and cultivated fruit trees (Farahbakhsh 1960); Pistacia spp., branches (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae) and on other cultivated and wild stone fruit trees, pistachio ( Pistacia sp.) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Azerbedjan: Massif du Sahend" (Théry 1925). Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, Khuzestan, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002 as bactriana), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997; Sakenin et al. 2008), Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as bactriana), Hormozgan, Kerman (Bílý 1983a), Khorasan, West Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as bactriana; Ghobari et al. 2012), Isfahan, Lorestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002 as bactriana), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), eastern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Most data for the host-plants and distribution in Iran possibly refer to other Capnodis species ( Pistacia — C. cariosa, fruit trees— C. henningii).</p><p>Capnodis cariosa (Pallas) 1776: 708 ( Buprestis); 1781: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 953; Arjomandi et al. 2014: 598.</p><p>synonym: bruttia (Petagna) 1787: 22 ( Buprestis).</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1994: 26.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae), pistachio ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Kerman, Semnan, Zanjan and other northern provinces (Modarres Awal 1997), Guilan (Arjomandi et al. 2014), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldavia, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. This species is associated with Anacardiaceae, the record for Amygdalus in Modarres Awal (1997) is doubtful.</p><p>Capnodis cariosa hauseri Obenberger 1928b: 67; Richter 1952: 158; Davatchi 1958: 64; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244 (as cariosa); Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Radjabi 1968: 74; Adeli 1972: 10; Radjabi 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 55; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 134 (variety of cariosa); Borumand 2002: 33; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 953.</p><p>Immatures: Davatchi 1958: 66.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Davatchi 1958: 66.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960); Pistacia atlantica mutica (Adult!) (Bílý 1983a), Pistacia spp., roots (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); Pistachio (Adeli 1972, Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1928b), Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Hormozgan, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Kerman (Davatchi 1958; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Khorasan, Markazi, Semnan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Qazvin (Davatchi 1958; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Capnodis cariosa iranica Bogatchev 1947: 17 (subspecies of cariosa); Salavatian 1950: 8; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Adeli 1972: 10; Radjabi 1976: 129; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 74, 82, 106; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 34; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 953.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistachier ( Pistacia, Anacardiaceae) (Salavatian 1950), pistachio, probably Rhus coggygria, Rh. cotinus (Anacardiaceae), almond ( Amygdalus sp), apricot, peach, plum ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae), oriental plane ( Platanus orientalis, Platanaceae), poplar ( Populus sp.), and willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960); Pistacia, Populus, Platanus and fruit trees (Adeli 1972); Populus spp., Salix spp., Prunus spp., roots and collar (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); almond, pistachio and probably on apricot, garden plum, peach, sloe tree, oriental plane, poplar, willow, smoke tree ( Cotinus sp., Anacardiaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran: Fars (Bogatchev 1947; Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kerman (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Lorestan, Zanjan and other southern, western and central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Qazvin (Bogatchev 1947; Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960), Tehran (Adeli 1972), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. The majority of host plants are doubtful except for Pistacia, Rhu s and Cotinus .</p><p>Capnodis excisa Ménétriés 1848: 28; Théry 1925: 80; Richter 1952: 160; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Bílý 1983a: 54; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 25; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 34; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 953; Sakenin et al. 2008: 33; Bílý et al. 2011: 203.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Calligonum sp. ( Polygonaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997); Calligonum commosum (Adult!) (Bílý 1983a), Cerasus avium (Rosaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Poucht-é-Kouh: Halazard à Chirvan" (Théry 1925). Bushehr, Kerman (Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Hormozgan (Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UAE, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b; Bílý et al. 2011). Note. The record of Cerasus avium as a host plant in Sakenin et al. (2008) is doubtful; this species is associated with Calligonum spp.</p><p>Capnodis henningii (Faldermann) 1835: 141 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 80 (as carbonaria); Salavatian 1950: 8 (subspecies of carbonaria); Richter 1952: 164; Davatchi 1958: 68 (as carbonaria); Davatchi et al. 1959: 244 (as carbonaria and henningi); Farahbakhsh 1960: 72 (subspecies of carbonaria); Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129 (subspecies of carbonaria); Bílý 1983a: 55 (as carbonaria); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 19 (subspecies of carbonaria), 66 (as carbonaria); Modarres Awal 1997: 133 (as carbonaria and subspecies of carbonaria, author Mannerheim), 134 (as henningi); Borumand 2002: 32 (as carbonaria); Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 954; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>synonym: cribricollis Abeille de Perrin 1904: 212 (variety of heningi; homonym of cribricollis Abeille de Perrin 1896). Modarres Awal 1997: 133.</p><p>Immatures: Richter 1952: 164.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Pistachier ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae) (Salavatian 1950), almond ( Amygdalus sp.), apricot, plum ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae),?pistachio (Farahbakhsh 1960), Amygdalus scoparia (Adult!) (Bílý 1983a: 55, as carbonaria), almond, pistachio (as carbonaria) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Modarres Awal 1997); Amygdalus spp., trunk (as c. henningi), Pistacia spp., roots (as carbonaria) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); almond, peach, garden plum, apricot and some other stone fruit trees (as carbonaria henningi) (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. "Plateau persan: Kouh-Hadjoudj, Kalateh; Poucht-é-Kouch: Arko-Waz; Louristan: Kouh-Tchéhar-Rah" (Théry 1925). Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997, as henningi), Fars (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1976; Bílý 1983a, as carbonaria; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Borumand 2002, as carbonaria), Hormozgan, Kerman, Khorasan, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a, as carbonaria), Kermanshah, Lorestan, Markazi, Semnan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Borumand 2002, as carbonaria), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012, as carbonaria), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002, as carbonaria), Yazd (Radjabi 1976; Borumand 2002, as carbonaria), generally distributed (as carbonaria) (Radjabi 1968; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Syria, Turkmenistan, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. The record for Pistacia as a host plant is doubtful.</p><p>Capnodis jacobsoni Richter 1952: 159; Volkovitsh &amp; Alexeev 1992: 155; 1994: 427; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 954.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Capnodis miliaris (Klug) 1829: No. 15 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 80; Salavatian 1950: 8; Richter 1952: 154; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129; Adeli 1972: 10; Bílý 1983a: 54; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 71 (as miliaris), 74, 106 (as m. miliaris); Behdad 1988:?; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 35; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 955; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2012: 135 (as cariosa, misidentification); Babmorad et al. 2012a: 182; Babmorad et al. 2012b: 202; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012: 1, 3; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2014: 554; Babmorad et al. 2014: 555.</p><p>synonym: daedalea (Steven) 1830: 170 ( Buprestis).</p><p>Immatures: Gardner 1929: 116; Richter 1952: 147.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952 (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Populus euphratica (Salicaceae) (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2012, as cariosa; Babmorad et al. 2012a, b, 2014; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2014); Populus spp., Salix (Salavatian 1950), poplars, particularly Sind poplar, willow ( Populus spp., Salix sp., Salicaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960), Populus spp. and Salix spp. (Adeli 1972); Oriental plane ( Platanus orientalis, Platanaceae), poplar, black poplar, sind poplar ( Populus spp.), willow (Modarres Awal 1997); Platanus orientalis, clusters and branches (as miliaris), Populus spp. Salix spp., roots and collar (as m. miliaris) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. " Armenia Persica " (type of daedalea) (Steven 1830). "Plateau persan: Aivan-i-Kerkha, Kelateh; Louristan: Tchéar-Dooul" (Théry 1925). Alborz (Bílý 1983a), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, East Azarbaijan, Golestan, Ilam, Qazvin (Borumand 2002), Fars (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Radjabi 1976; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Hormozgan (Salavatian 1950; Borumand 2002), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Borumand 2002; Babmorad et al. 2012), Kerman (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah, Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002; Babmorad et al. 2012; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2012, as cariosa; 2014), Khuzestan (Bílý 1983a; Radjabi &amp; Gigli 2012; Babmorad et al. 2012a, b; 2014), Lorestan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), generally distributed except Caspian Sea area (Radjabi 1968; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Capnodis miliaris metallica Ballion 1871: 349 (correct subsequent spelling validated by subsequent usage, ICZN 1999, Article 33.3.1); Théry 1925: 80 (variety of miliaris); Salavatian 1950: 8; Richter 1952: 156; Davatchi et al. 1959: 244; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Adeli 1972: 10; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 955; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1.</p><p>synonym: melattica Ballion 1871: 349 (incorrect original spelling).</p><p>synonym: afghanica Obenberger 1934d: 123 (subspecies of miliaris); Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of metallica metallica Ballion), 346.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Populus (Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972); Poplar, black poplar ( Populus spp.), willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Poucht-é-Kouh: Sar-Bezin" (Théry 1925). East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), Fars (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), Khorasan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), Lorestan (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), generally distributed (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Capnodis parumstriata Ballion 1871: 349; Davatchi 1958: 67; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Adeli 1972: 10; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 956.</p><p>synonym: costulata Fairmaire 1902: 39.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae), almond (Farahbakhsh 1960), almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae), pistachio ( Pistacia sp.) (Adeli 1972, Modarres Awal 1997); Pistacia spp., roots (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984). Distribution within Iran. Fars, Khorasan (Modarres Awal 1997), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), East of Iran (Adeli 1972), Iran (no locality cited) (Davatchi 1958; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, India, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. This species is associated with Pistacia, the records for Amygdalus are doubtful.</p><p>Capnodis porosa (Klug) 1829: No. 17 ( Buprestis); Richter 1952: 161; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 36; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 956.</p><p>synonym: mannerheimi (Faldermann) 1835: 142 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: hypocrita Géhin 1855: 55 .</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1994: 21.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), West Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Pakistan, Russia, Syria, Turkey, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Capnodis porosa persica Théry 1936b: 221 (subspecies of porosa); Richter 1952: 162; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 956.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Capnodis sexmaculata Ballion 1871: 349; Radjabi 1974: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 36; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 957; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>synonym: kashmirensis Fairmaire 1891: cxxv.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952 (with bibliography).</p><p>Distribution within Iran: Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), northern provinces (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran: Afghanistan, India (Kashmir), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Capnodis tenebricosa (Olivier) 1790: 62 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 80; Salavatian 1950: 8; Richter 1952: 145; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 19; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 36; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 957; Barimani et al. 2009: 64, 2010: 131; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>synonym: dorsata (Voet) 1806: 95 ( Cucujus).</p><p>synonym: lugens Küster 1846: 52 .</p><p>synonym: aurosparsa Abeille de Perrin 1891: 258 (variety of tenebricosa); Radjabi 1968: 74 (subspecies of tenebricosa); Bílý 1983a: 54 (subspecies of tenebricosa); Modarres Awal 1997:134; Borumand 2002: 37; Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of tenebricosa), 346.</p><p>synonym: anomala Fairmaire 1895: cx.</p><p>synonym: simulatrix Obenberger 1916: 259 (subspecies of tenebricosa).</p><p>synonym: alternata Obenberger 1945: 16 (subspecies of tenebricosa).</p><p>synonym: occidentalis Obenberger 1945: 18 (subspecies of tenebricosa).</p><p>Immatures: Schaefer 1937: 160.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952 (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) On the fruit trees (Salavatian 1950), almond ( Amygdalus sp.), apple ( Malus sp.), apricot, garden plum, peach, plum ( Prunus app.), white howthorn ( Crataegus sp.), pear ( Pyrus sp., Rosaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Amygdalus spp., trunk and roots (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), pistachio ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane, Poucht-é-Kouh, El Bourz, Louristan, multiple locations" (Théry 1925). Alborz (Bílý 1983a, as t. aurosparsa), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiary, Golestan, Kerman (Borumand 2002, as t. tenebricosa), East Azarbaijan (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Ilam (Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Kermanshah (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Khorasan (Bílý 1983a, as t. aurosparsa; Borumand 2002, as t. tenebricosa), Khuzestan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012, as t. tenebricosa), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a, as t. aurosparsa; Borumand 2002, as t. tenebricosa), Lorestan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Markazi, Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Mazandaran (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002, as persica; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Qazvin (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as aurosparsa), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Yazd (Radjabi 1976), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt (Sinai), France, Georgia, Greece, India (Kashmir), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Malta, Moldavia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. The larvae feed in the roots of Rumex (Polygonaceae), adults occur on different fruit-trees; records for Amygdalus (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984) and Pistacia (Modarres Awal 1997) as larval hosts are dobtful.</p><p>Capnodis tenebricosa alia Bellamy 2004b: 259 (nomen novum for iranica Bellamy 2004); Bellamy 2008b: 959. synonym: persica Obenberger 1945: 16 (subspecies of tenebricosa, preoccupied by persica Théry 1936b); Radjabi 1968: 74 (subspecies of tenebricosa); Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 37; Kubáň 2006: 346 (synonym of bushirensis).</p><p>synonym: iranica Bellamy 2004a: 155 (nomen novum for persica Obenberger 1945, preoccupied by iranica Bogatchev 1947); Kubáň 2006: 346 (synonym of bushirensis).</p><p>synonym: bushirensis Kubáň 2006: 40, 346 (nomen novum for iranica Bellamy, superfluous name), 346; Bellamy 2008b: 959.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah, Khuzestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997, as tenebricosa persica Obenberger), Mazandaran (Radjabi 1968, as tenebricosa persica Obenberger), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Capnodis tenebricosa bucharica Obenberger 1945: 18; Kubáň 2006: 346; Bellamy 2008b: 959. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006).</p><p>Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus) 1761: 213 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 80; Salavatian 1950: 8; Richter 1952: 146; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 73; Radjabi 1968: 74; Adeli 1972: 10; Radjabi 1976: 129; Bílý 1983a: 54; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 31, 82; Modarres Awal 1997: 134; Borumand 2002: 37; Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 959; Barimani et al. 2009: 65; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghobari et al. 2012: 236.</p><p>synonym: variegata (Goeze) 1777: 596 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: tenebrioides (Pallas) 1781: 67 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: naevia (Gmelin) 1790: 1939 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: moluccensis (Voet) 1806: 96 ( Cucujus).</p><p>synonym: aerea Laporte &amp; Gory 1836: 9.</p><p>Immatures: Gory &amp; Laporte 1840: 3; Pussard 1935b: 54, 1935c: 1; Schaefer 1937: 160; Bleton &amp; Fieuzet 1942: 36; Richter 1952: 147; Reichart 1950b: 153, 1953b: 89; Richter 1952: 147; Bílý 1999: 21; Marannino &amp; de Lillo 2007a: 145, 2007b: 197; Marannino et al. 2004: 101, 2007: 210.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Krása 1935: 103; Pussard 1934a: 1, 1934b: 3, 1935a: 23, 1935b: 54; Richter 1952: 147; Bílý 2003: 48.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. l’Amandier ( Amygdalus), l’Abricotier, Prunier ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae) (Salavatian 1950); apricot, plum, cherry, sour cherry, peach ( Prunus spp.), almond ( Amygdalus), pear ( Pyrus sp.), howthorn ( Crataegus sp., Rosaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960), Amygdalus and fruit trees (Adeli 1972), Cerasus spp., Prunus spp., trunks, roots and branches (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), almond, apple ( Malus sp.), appricot, cherry, sour-cherry, garden plum, peach, plum, sloe tree ( Prunus spp.), pear, white howthorn, poplar, black poplar ( Populus spp.), willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Plateau persan: de Hamadan à Casvin, Poucht-é-Kouch: Husseinabad, Louristan: Kirmancha" (Théry 1925). East Azarbaijan (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968, as tenebrionis var.?; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Borumand 2002; Havaskary et al. 2012), Fars (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1976), Ilam, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Borumand 2002), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968, as tenebrionis var.?; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Borumand 2002), Kerman (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Khuzestan (Salavatian 1950; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002; Barimani et al. 2009), Qazvin (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002), Semnan (Salavatian 1950), Tehran (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002), generally distributed (Radjabi 1968; Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,? Egypt, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Malta, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain,? Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Records for poplar and willow (Modarres Awal 1997) are doubtful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF88FFE6CDD1F94227F4A231	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF8EFFE7CDD1FA4627CFA1E1.text	03D63243FF8EFFE7CDD1FA4627CFA1E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyphosoma Mannerheim 1837	<div><p>Genus CYPHOSOMA Mannerheim, 1837</p><p>synonym: Coeculus Gory &amp; Laporte 1839 .</p><p>synonym: Cyphonota Dejean 1833 (suppressed).</p><p>Cyphosoma euphraticum (Laporte &amp; Gory) 1839: 4 ( Coeculus); Richter 1952: 170; Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 961.</p><p>synonym: escalerai Obenberger 1913a: 27 (subspecies of euphraticum); Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of euphraticum), 347.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Western Iran (Richter 1952), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Cyphosoma lawsoniae (Chevrolat) 1838b: 55 ( Buprestis); Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 962. synonym: lausoniae Chevrolat 1838b: 55 ( Buprestis) (unused original spelling). synonym: buqueti Laporte &amp; Gory 1839: 3 ( Coeculus).</p><p>synonym: gravidum Laporte &amp; Gory 1839: 3 ( Coeculus).</p><p>Immatures: Bahillo &amp; Coello 1999: 64.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. See under subspecies orientalis .</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Cyphosoma lawsoniae orientalis Bílý 1983a: 55 (subspecies of lawsoniae); Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 963.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Cyphosoma tataricum (Pallas) 1771: 464 ( Buprestis); Richter 1952: 175; Farahbakhsh 1960: 74; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 115; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 963.</p><p>synonym: sibiricum (Fabricius) 1781: 279 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: repandum (Ménétriés) 1832: 150 ( Buprestis).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Tamarisk ( Tamarix, Tamaricaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood), Oak ( Quercus spp., Fagaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Northern provinces (Richter 1952; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Description of the larva in Richter (1952) belongs to unknown buprestid species, possibly Capnodis . Record for Quercus as a host plant (Modarres Awal 1997) is extremely doubtful, known larvae of Cyphosoma develop inside the root tubers of Cyperaceae (Bahillo &amp; Coello 1999; Volkovitsh &amp; Korotyaev 2007).</p><p>Cyphosoma turcomanicum (Kraatz) in Heyden &amp; Kraatz 1883b: 358 ( Coeculus); Salavatian 1950: 9 (?as Cyphosoma sp.); Richter 1952: 174; Radjabi 1976: 129; Khalaf &amp; Jiani-Alam 1993: 264; Modarres Awal 1997: 135 (as turcomanica; Borumand 2002: 38; Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 963.</p><p>synonym: fulvovittis (Reitter) 1887: 511 ( Coeculus).</p><p>unavailable name: salsolae Obenberger (subspecies of turcomanicum,?nomen nudum) Radjabi 1968: 74, 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 38.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult!) On salsola (as Cyphosoma sp.) (Salavatian 1950), Typha sp., Tamarix sp., barley, date palm, wheat (Khalaf &amp; Jiani-Alam 1993; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Salavatian 1950, as Cyphosoma sp.; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Khalaf &amp; Jiani-Alam 1993; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kerman, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Richter 1952), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Note. Records for Typha sp., Tamarix, barley, date palm, wheat (Khalaf &amp; Jiani-Alam 1993) as host plants can refer to adults; all known larvae of Cyphosoma species develop in the root tubers of Cyperaceae (Bahillo &amp; Coello 1999; Volkovitsh &amp; Korotyaev 2007).</p><p>Cyphosoma veselyi Obenberger 1925b: 55; Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 964. synonym: luristanicum Richter 1952: 173.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (as luristanicum) (Richter 1952), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF8EFFE7CDD1FA4627CFA1E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF8FFFE9CDD1F8EB26A0A3C5.text	03D63243FF8FFFE9CDD1F8EB26A0A3C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perotis Dejean 1833	<div><p>Genus PEROTIS Dejean, 1833</p><p>synonym: Aurigena Laporte &amp; Gory 1836 .</p><p>Perotis cuprata (Klug) 1829: No. 18 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 80 ( Aurigena); Richter 1952: 179; Borumand 2002: 39; Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 965; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>synonym: orientalis (Laporte &amp; Gory) 1836: 4 ( Aurigena); Kubáň 2006: 49 (synonym of cuprata).</p><p>synonym: cuprea Hampe 1852: 311; Kubáň 2006: 45 (new assignment), 349.</p><p>synonym: capnodiformis Reitter 1883: 114 ( Aurigena); Radjabi 1968: 75, 1976: 129 (variety of cuprata); Modarres Awal 1997: 138 (variety of cuprata); Kubáň 2006: 49 (synonym of cuprata).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952: 180 (with bibliography).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Poucht-é-Kouh: Arko-Waz" (Théry 1925). East Azarbaijan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah ( var. capnodiformis) (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Lorestan, West Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Yazd (Radjabi 1976), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Perotis lugubris (Fabricius) 1777: 236 ( Buprestis); Salavatian 1950: 9; Richter 1952: 180; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 75; Radjabi 1968: 75, 1976: 129; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 105; Behdad 1988:?; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 40; Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 966; Barimani et al. 2009: 65; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>Immatures: Mokrzecki 1901: 25; Reichart 1950a: 139, 1951: 87; Richter 1952: 181; Reichart 1953a: 71; Bílý 1999: 21.</p><p>synonym: laportea (Brullé) 1832: 133 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: europaea Abeille de Perrin 1896: 273 (subspecies of aeneiventris); Kubáň 2006: 52 (available name), 349.</p><p>synonym: prolongata Obenberger 1918b: 21.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 68.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Rosa canina, abricotier, cerisier ( Prunus spp.) (Davatchi et al. 1959); apricot, sour cherry ( Prunus spp.), rose, dog rose ( Rosa spp., Rosaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), dog rose and other roses ( Rosa spp.), apricot, cherry, sour-cherry, garden-plum, plum ( Prunus spp.), apple ( Malus sp.), pear ( Pyrus sp.), quince ( Cydonia, Rosaceae), sind poplar, black poplar, white poplar ( Populus spp., Salicaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan, Hamadan, Kerman, Lorestan, Markazi, Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Fars (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1976; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Golestan, Ilam, Kermanshah (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1976; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009), Qazvin (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Borumand 2002), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Yazd (Radjabi 1976; Modarres Awal 1997), central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), northern Iran (Richter 1952; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Perotis lugubris longicollis Kraatz 1880: 142; Richter 1952: 182; Farahbakhsh 1960: 75; Radjabi 1968: 75, 1976: 129; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 105; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 39; Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 967; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>synonym: subcostata (Reitter) 1889: 281 ( Aurigena); Kubáň 2006: 52 (available name), 349. synonym: punctulata (Abeille de Perrin) 1896: 273 ( Aurigena); Kubáň 2006: 45 (new assignment), 349. Host plant(s) within Iran. Dog rose ( Rosa sp., Rosaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Rosa spp., roots (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1976; Borumand 2002), Kerman, Qazvin, Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012), northern provinces (Richter 1952; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Russia, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Perotis lugubris mutabilis (Abeille de Perrin) 1896: 273 ( Aurigena); Bílý 1983a: 56; Borumand 2002: 40; Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 967.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Perotis lugubris transcaspica (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1891: 332 ( Psiloptera ( Aurigena)); Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 967.</p><p>synonym: guttipennis (Abeille de Perrin) 1904: 213 ( Aurigena); Richter 1952: 183 (morpha of malachitica Abeille de Perrin, 1896); Kubáň 2006: 45 (new assignment), 349.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Southern-east Iran (as malachitica morpha guttipennis) (Richter 1952), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. According to Kubáň (2006) P. malachitica Abeille de Perrin, 1896 is a subspecies of P. xerxes (Marseul) 1865, so the record of P. lugubris transcaspica in Southern-east Iran is doubtful. The records for Populus spp. as host plants (Modarres Awal 1997) are also doubtful.</p><p>Perotis xerxes (Marseul) 1865: 109 ( Psiloptera); Richter 1952: 183 (as morpha of chlorana Laporte &amp; Gory 1836); Davatchi et al. 1959: 245 (as chlorana); Farahbakhsh 1960: 75 (as chlorana); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 20 (as chlordna [sic!]); Modarres Awal 1997: 138 (as chlorana); Sakenin et al. 2008:34; Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 969.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Amandier ( Amygdalus sp.), abricotier, prunier ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae), Grenadier ( Punica granatum, Lythraceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Amygdalus spp., sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); Euphorbia peplus (Euphorbiaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997), Golestan (Sakenin et al. 2008), southern Iran (as chlorana) (Richter 1952; Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Marseul 1865; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Records for Golestan and Euphorbia as a host plant in Sakenin et al. (2008) are doubtful, Euphorbia species are known to be the host plants for P. cuprata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF8FFFE9CDD1F8EB26A0A3C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF81FFEACDD1FAC9278BA04D.text	03D63243FF81FFEACDD1FAC9278BA04D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicerca Eschscholtz 1829	<div><p>Genus DICERCA Eschscholtz, 1829</p><p>synonym: Argante Gistel 1834 .</p><p>synonym: Stenuris Kirby 1837 .</p><p>synonym: Hemidicerca Richter 1952 . synonym: Tokaranodicerca Hattori 2004 .</p><p>Dicerca aenea (Linnaeus) 1761: 213 ( Buprestis); Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 975. synonym: oxyptera (Pallas) 1781: 70 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: reticulata (Fabricius) 1794: 451 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: subrugosa (Paykull) 1799: 218 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: cariniolica (Fabricius) 1801: 189 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: scabrosa Mannerheim 1837: 54.</p><p>[subgenus Dicerca].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1875: 390, 1877: 132; Richter 1952: 121.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 56.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006) (see under subspecies validiuscula). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldavia, Morocco, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Dicerca aenea validiuscula Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1896a: 319; Richter 1952: 121; Davatchi et al. 1959: 243; Farahbakhsh 1960: 74; Adeli 1972: 11; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 15, 53, 67, 71, 75, 107; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 977.</p><p>synonym: zicharevi Obenberger 1928a: 17 (variety of validiuscula); 1930b: 324 (subspecies of validiuscula); Richter 1952: 119.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Alnus sp., Populus sp., Juglans sp. (Adeli 1972); alder ( Alnus sp., Betulaceae), oriental plane ( Platanus orientalis, Platanaceae), poplar, white mulberry ( Morus alba, Moraceae), walnut ( Juglans regia, Juglandaceae), willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Alnus spp., Juglans spp., * Pistacia spp., Platanus orientalis, Populus spp., Salix spp., sapwood, roots and trunk (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984). Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Generally distributed (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), northern Iran (Davatchi et al. 1959; Richter 1952; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. The record for Pistacia in Kerman (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984) is very doubtful; the record for Alnus (Modarres Awal 1997) may refer to the following species.</p><p>* Dicerca alni (Fischer von Waldheim) 1824: 197 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 80; Radjabi 1974: 39; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 40; Kubáň 2006: 347; Bellamy 2008b: 977.</p><p>synonym: fagi (Laporte &amp; Gory) 1837: 103 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: sahlbergi Gistel 1857: 12; Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of alni), 347.</p><p>[subgenus Dicerca].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1877: 133; Bílý 1982: 35; Gutowski &amp; Lugowoj 1984: 132; Bílý 1999: 23. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 57.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "El Bourz: Talyche" (Théry 1925). Golestan (Borumand 2002), Guilan, Mazandaran (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldavia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. The records from North Iran may refer to the closely related D. chlorostigma Mannerheim 1837 occurring in adjacent Armenia and Azerbaijan.</p><p>Dicerca fritillum Ménétriés 1832: 149, 605; Théry 1925: 80; Richter 1952: 134 ( Hemidicerca); Davatchi et al. 1959: 243 ( Hemidicerca); Radjabi 1968: 71, 1976: 128; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 40; Kubáň 2006: 348; Bellamy 2008b: 986; Barimani et al. 2009: 65, 2010: 131.</p><p>[subgenus Hemidicerca].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "El Bourz: Talyche" (Théry 1925). Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Dicerca scabida Marseul 1865:140; Richter 1952: 128; Radjabi 1968: 71; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 41; Kubáň 2006: 348; Bellamy 2008b: 995; Barimani et al. 2009: 65, 2010: 131. [subgenus Dicerca].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Guilan (Richter 1952; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (Richter 1952; Borumand 2002; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Marseul 1865; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF81FFEACDD1FAC9278BA04D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF82FFEBCDD1F8572005A414.text	03D63243FF82FFEBCDD1F8572005A414.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Latipalpis Solier 1833	<div><p>Genus LATIPALPIS Solier, 1833</p><p>Latipalpis johanidesi Niehuis 2002: 106; Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 1001; Ghobari et al. 2012: 237.</p><p>[subgenus Palpilatis].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghobari et al. 2012). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Latipalpis persica Bílý 1980a: 52, 1983a: 56; Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 1001. [subgenus Palpilatis].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1980a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Latipalpis plana (Olivier) 1790: no 32: 93 ( Buprestis); Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 1001. synonym: pisana (Rossi) 1794: 101 ( Buprestis).</p><p>[subgenus Latipalpis].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006) (see under subspecies berythensis). Distribution outside Iran. France, Italy, Lebanon, Spain, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Latipalpis plana berythensis Novak 1990: 81; Kubáň 2006: 349; Bellamy 2008b: 1002. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF82FFEBCDD1F8572005A414	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF83FFECCDD1FC3724D5A689.text	03D63243FF83FFECCDD1FC3724D5A689.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buprestis Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Genus BUPRESTIS Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>synonym: Ancylochira Eschscholtz 1829 . synonym: Gymnota Gistel 1834 .</p><p>synonym: Anoplis Kirby 1837 .</p><p>Buprestis salomonii (Thomson) 1878: 40 ( Ancylocheira); Salavatian 1950: 7; Davatchi et al. 1959: 243 ( Ancylocheira), 245 ( Buprestis salomoni); Farahbakhsh 1960: 71 ( Ancylochira; with mm. jacobsoni Obenb., khosrovensis Obenb., nonfriedi Obenb., teheranensis Obenb.); Radjabi 1968: 70 (salomonis, with var. jakobsoni Obenberger); Adeli 1972: 10 ( Ancylochira; with mm. jacobsoni Obenb., khosrovensis Obenb., nonfriedi Obenb., teheranensis Obenb.); Bílý 1983a: 56; Modarres Awal 1997: 133 (salomonis, with mm. jacobsoni Obenb., khosrovensis Obenb., nonfriedi Obenb., teheranensis Obenb.); Borumand 2002: 41 (salomonis); Kubáň 2006: 382; Bellamy 2008b: 1068.</p><p>synonym: davidis (Fairmaire) 1884a: 168 ( Ancylochira).</p><p>synonym: nikolskii Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1889: 682.</p><p>synonym: wavrai Nonfried 1894: 45 ( Ancylocheira).</p><p>synonym: denzleri Pochon 1972: 103; Kubáň 2006: 46 (synonym of salomonii), 382.</p><p>[subgenus Orthocheira].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) On Elaeagnus (Elaeagnaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959); Populus (Salicaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), poplar ( Populus) (Modarres Awal 1997, mm. jacobsoni Obenb., khosrovensis Obenb., teheranensis Obenb.); Oak ( Quercus, Fagaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997, m. nonfriedi Obenb.). Distribution within Iran. " Persien, Khosrova" (Obenberger 1941, abb. khosrovensis, nonfriedi). Khuzestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (Borumand 2002), Qazvin (Davatchi et al. 1959), Tehran (Obenberger 1941, ab. teheranensis; Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Radjabi 1968; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Note. Record for Quercus as a host plant in Modarres Awal (1997) is doubtful.</p><p>Buprestis humeralis Klug, 1829: [no 25]; Kubáň 2006: 382; Bellamy 2008b: 1045. synonym: tarsensis (Marseul), 1865: 178 ( Ancylocheira); Richter 1952: 46. ( Ancylocheira). synonym: robertsi Cobos, 1972: 30.</p><p>[subgenus Ancylocheira].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Western Iran (as tarsensis) (Richter 1952), Iran (no locality cited) (Marseul 1865). Distribution outside Iran. Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF83FFECCDD1FC3724D5A689	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF84FFECCDD1FE162642A4E2.text	03D63243FF84FFECCDD1FE162642A4E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurythyrea Dejean 1833	<div><p>Genus EURYTHYREA Dejean, 1833</p><p>Eurythyrea aurata (Pallas) 1776: 719 ( Buprestis); Salavatian 1950: 10; Richter 1952: 19; Davatchi et al. 1959: 243; Farahbakhsh 1960: 74; Radjabi 1968: 70; Adeli 1972: 11; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Kubáň 2006: 383; Bellamy 2008b: 1076.</p><p>Immatures: Richter 1952: 19; Volkovitsh 1975: 408; Bílý 1996: 321, 1999: 19.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1952: 20.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Salix, Populus (Salicaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972); poplar, willow (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Guilan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), northern Iran (Richter 1952), Caspian forests (Adeli 1972), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldavia, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF84FFECCDD1FE162642A4E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF84FFFDCDD1FBBF20F3A5F1.text	03D63243FF84FFFDCDD1FBBF20F3A5F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anthaxia Eschscholtz 1829	<div><p>Genus ANTHAXIA Eschscholtz, 1829</p><p>Anthaxia aladin Obenberger 1928c: 69; Richter 1949: 70; Radjabi 1974: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Borumand 2002: 43; Bílý 2006a: 375; Bellamy 2008c: 1344.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1928c; Richter 1949), Hamadan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia amasina K. Daniel 1903: 252; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 2, 21; Modarres Awal 1997: 132 ( amasina amasina); Bílý 2006a: 369; Bellamy 2008c: 1345.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Cupressaceae) and milk vetch ( Astragalus, Fabaceae), sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan and northern and north-western provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Bosnia-Herzgovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Macedonia, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. The record for Cupressus as a host plant most probably based on misidentification: this species is associated with tragacanths ( Astragalus, Fabaceae) exclusively. It can also be confused with Anthaxia lgockii Obenberger (see below).</p><p>Anthaxia anatolica Chevrolat 1838a: 97; Richter 1949: 92; Farahbakhsh 1960: 71; Radjabi 1974: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Bílý 2006a: 369; Bellamy 2008c: 1346.</p><p>synonym: auriceps Ménétriés 1848: 45.</p><p>synonym: mulsanti Marseul 1865: 243.</p><p>synonym: gerneti Morawitz 1867: 35.</p><p>synonym: apollonii Ballion 1871: 349.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Ferula (Apiaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997), Khorasan (as lucidiceps) (Radjabi 1974), northern Iran (Richter 1949; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia anatolica catei Novak 1994: 9; Bílý 2006a: 369; Bellamy 2008c: 1347. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia anatolica lucidiceps Gory 1841: 289; Richter 1949: 94 (as species); Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Radjabi 1974: 38; Modarres Awal 1997: 133 (as species); Borumand 2002: 43; Bílý 2006a: 369; Bellamy 2008c: 1348. Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 68 (key).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Ferula (Apiaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), eastern Iran (Richter 1949; Farahbakhsh 1960), western provinces (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia angustipennis (Klug) 1829: No. 36 ( Buprestis); Davatchi et al. 1959: 247 (as Cratomerus ( Cryptocratomerus)); Farahbakhsh 1960: 74 (as Cratomerus); Bílý 1983a: 59; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 9; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Borumand 2002: 43; Bílý 2006a: 375; Bellamy 2008c: 1349. synonym: stupida Marseul 1865: 224.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Mateu 1974: 218.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Mateu 1974: 219.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acacia spp. ( Fabaceae), Zyzyphus spinachristi ( Rhamnaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960); Acacia spp., dry wood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); Egyptian acacia ( Acacia sp.) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Bílý 1983a), Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Kerman, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), northern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960), southern provinces (Davatchi et al. 1959; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. Distribution of this species in Northern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960) is extremely doubtful.</p><p>Anthaxia aspera Bílý 1977: 278; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 44; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Bílý 2006a: 375; Bellamy 2008c: 1350.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Fig ( Ficus carica, Moraceae), sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Fars (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia astoreth Obenberger, 1934f: 175 (subspecies of olympica); Bílý 2006a: 375; Bellamy 2008c: 1351; Baiocchi 2011: 8.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia, olympica species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva) reared from twigs of Crataegus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Baiocchi 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia beludjistana Bílý 1983a: 59; 2006a: 375 (as beloudjistana); Bellamy 2008c: 1355 (as beloudjistana); Baiocchi 2013: 478.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larvae) reared from Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaegnaceae) (Bílý 1983a); Zelkova (Ulmaceae) (Baiocchi 2013).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia bicolor Falderman 1835: 149; Richter 1949: 155; Davatchi et al. 1959: 246; Farahbakhsh 1960: 71; Bílý 1983a: 74; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Bílý 2006a: 370; Bellamy 2008c: 1356; Barimani et al. 2010: 131; Baiocchi 2011: 6.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 67 (key).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pêcher, abricotier, prunier ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae), Fraxinus sp. ( Oleaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959); apricot, garden plum, peach, ash (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Fraxinus sp. ( Oleaceae) (Baiocchi 2011).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997), Fars (Baiocchi 2011), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2010), Tehran (Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1949; Davatchi et al. 1959; Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia breviformis Kalashian 1988: 137; Bílý 2006a: 370; Bellamy 2008c: 1359. [subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia (Kalashian 1988; Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia brevis Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 18; Davatchi 1958: 71; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Bílý 2006a: 370; Bellamy 2008c: 1360.</p><p>synonym: hellenica Obenberger 1914e: 13.</p><p>synonym: achaia Obenberger 1938: 196.</p><p>synonym: cypriota Obenberger 1938: 197.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 67 (key).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistachio ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Modarres Awal 1997; Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia brevis kovari Bílý 1983a: 75 (subspecies of brevis); 2006a: 370; Bellamy 2008c: 1360. Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia cadusiana Baiocchi 2015: 71 .</p><p>misidentification: schah: Radjabi 1974: 38; Borumand 2002: 46 (not Abeille de Perrin, 1904) (Baiocchi 2015). [subgenus Haplanthaxia, schah species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Cotoneaster nummularia, Cotoneaster sp., Crataegus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2015). Distribution within Iran. Isfahan, Zanjan (Baiocchi 2015).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>* Anthaxia candens (Panzer) 1792: 9 ( Buprestis); Bílý 2006a: 370; Bellamy 2008c: 1361. synonym: fulminans (Schrank) 1789: 84 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by fulminans Fabricius 1787). synonym: fulminatrix (Herbst) 1801: 297 ( Buprestis).</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia, candens species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Erné 1873: 141; Schiødte 1870: 360, 373; Perris 1877: 131; Bílý 1975b: 71; 1999: 27. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 30.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>Note. The occurrence of this European species in Iran is doubtful.</p><p>Anthaxia caucasica Abeille de Perrin 1900: 9; Bílý 2006a: 379; Bellamy 2008c: 1365; Hadian et al. 2012: 1. synonym: obenbergeri Roubal 1913: 35.</p><p>synonym: parysatis Obenberger 1913c: 67 .</p><p>synonym: vigens Holynski 1996: 142.</p><p>[subgenus Melanthaxia, conradti species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. On Juniperus sp. ( Cupressaceae) (Hadian et al. 2012). Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012), " Persia " (Obenberger 1913c, as obenbergeri var. parysatis).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey (Bílý, 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Probably misidentification of A. hemichrysis Abeille de Perrin, 1894 (Iran, Turkmenistan) (Bílý 2006a). Might be found in northwestern provinces of Iran.</p><p>Anthaxia caudipennis Bílý 1983a: 57; 2006a: 375; Bellamy 2008c: 1365. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Bílý 1983a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia cichorii (Olivier) 1790: 91 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 81; Richter 1949: 68; Davatchi et al. 1959: 246; Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Radjabi 1968: 70; Adeli 1972: 10; Adeli &amp; Soleimani 1976: 134; Bílý 1983a: 71; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 26; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Borumand 2002: 44; Bílý 2006a: 375; Bellamy 2008c: 1367; Barimani et al. 2009: 66, 2010: 131; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 41.</p><p>synonym: auripennis Sturm 1826: 104 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: chamomillae Mannerheim 1837: 90.</p><p>synonym: gibbicollis Rey 1891a: 4.</p><p>synonym: azurea Abeille de Perrin 1909: 23.</p><p>synonym: parthica Obenberger 1914f: 14 (variety of cichorii); Bílý 2006: 58 (synonym of cichorii), 375. synonym: turcomanica Obenberger 1938: 179; Radjabi 1976: 129 (as turcomanica salsolae). [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1877: 136; Soldatova 1970: 70 (key); Bílý 1999: 27.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1949: 69; Bílý 2003: 31.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Quercus sp., Fagus sp., Ulmus sp., Zelkova carpinifolia, Parrotia persica (Adeli 1972); Fagus orientalis ssp. macrophylla ( Fagaceae) (Adeli &amp; Soleimani 1976); Chêne ( Quercus spp., Fagaceae), Poirier ( Pyrus sp.), Pommier ( Malus sp.), Prunier, Cerisier ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae), Salix (Salicaceae), Parrotia persica (Hamamelidaceaea) (Davatchi et al. 1959); apple, apricot, beech, cerasus, cherry, garden plum, iron tree, oak, pear, siberian elm, willow, probably dried wood of stone fruit trees (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Prunus (Cerasus) spp., trunk (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); Salix alba (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012) .</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Kouh-Hadjoudj" (Théry 1925). East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Fars (Radjabi 1976; Bílý 1983a), Golestan (Obenberger 1914f; Richter 1949; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Guilan, Lorestan, Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Qom (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), northern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Kaspische Wälder (Adeli 1972), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Moldavia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>Anthaxia congregata (Klug) 1829: No. 35 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 59; 2006a: 375; Bellamy 2008c: 1371. synonym: arabs Marseul 1865: 216.</p><p>synonym: obockiana Fairmaire 1892a: 99.</p><p>synonym: encaustiventris Abeille de Perrin 1907a: xlix.</p><p>synonym: cairensis Obenberger 1920b: 84.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Mateu 1974: 238.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Mateu 1974: 238.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iraq, Israel, Lybia, Mali, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>* Anthaxia conradti Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1891: 335; Bílý 2006a: 379; Bellamy 2008c: 1372; Ghahari et al. 2008: 639; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 42.</p><p>synonym: canifrons Abeille de Perrin 1894: ccclii.</p><p>synonym: strangulata Abeille de Perrin 1900: 8.</p><p>synonym: semirjetshica Obenberger 1938: 230 (subspecies of canifrons). synonym: ferghanensis Obenberger 1938: 230 (variety of canifrons).</p><p>[subgenus Melanthaxia, conradti species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 68 (key).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pear, Pyrus boissieriana (Rosaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), Khorasan (Ghahari et al. 2008), Semnan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a). Note. Most probably misidentification of A. caucasica or/and A. hemichrysis . Absent in adjacent regions of Turkmenistan and Transcaucasia. Associated with Coniferae.</p><p>Anthaxia diadema (Fischer von Waldheim) 1824: 196 ( Buprestis); Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1379. synonym: adoxana Küster 1852: 76</p><p>[subgenus Cratomerus].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece. Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>Anthaxia diadema bazuftensis Obenberger 1946: 31 (variety of diadema); Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1380. Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Obenberger 1946), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia diadema shelkovnikovi Obenberger 1940a: 46 (variety of diadema); Richter 1949: 201 ( Cratomerus, full species); Bílý 1983a: 57; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 74 (dradena [sic!] shelkovnikovi); Modarres Awal 1997: 132 (subspecies of dradena [sic!]; Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1380; Baiocchi 2015: 74.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Poplar ( Populus spp., Salicaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997), Populus spp., sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); (Larva) Salix spp. ( Salicaceae), Zelkova spp. ( Ulmaceae) (Baiocchi 2013), Crataegus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2015).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Richter 1949), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a; Baiocchi 2013), Zanjan (Baiocchi 2015), Caspian Sea area (Modarres Awal 1997), northern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia discicollis Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 25; Bílý 2006a: 370; Bellamy 2008c: 1381; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 42.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. On Juniperus sp. ( Cupressaceae) (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012). Distribution within Iran: Mazandaran (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Macedonia, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia elaeagni (Richter) 1945: 64 ( Cratomerus); Bílý 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1383. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 70 (key).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia elamita Baiocchi 2015: 68 .</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia, schah species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acer monspessolanum ssp., Acer sp. ( Aceraceae), Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2015).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kordestan, Lorestan (Baiocchi 2015). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia ephippiata Redtenbacher 1850: 47; Richter 1949: 143; Davatchi 1958: 71; Davatchi et al. 1959: 246; Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Adeli 1972: 10; Radjabi 1974: 38; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Borumand 2002: 45; Bílý 2006a: 371; Bellamy 2008c: 1384.</p><p>synonym: maschelii Kiesenwetter 1880: 130.</p><p>synonym: edithae Reitter 1890d: 194.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1976: 634.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia mutica, P. vera (Anacardiaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959); Pistacia mutica (Farahbakhsh 1960); Pistacia sp., Amygdalus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Adeli 1972); Pistacia sp., branches (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); pistachio (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Djebal Barez" (Davatchi et al. 1959). Ilam (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Isfahan (Davatchi et al. 1959), Kerman (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), central provinces (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1949; Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Syria (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>Anthaxia farah Bílý 1983a: 66; 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1388; Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010: 471; Baiocchi 2011: 6.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva) Pistacia sp., ( Anacardiaceae), Fraxinus sp. ( Oleaceae) (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a; Baiocchi 2011), Kerman, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a) Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia fariniger Kraatz in Heyden &amp; Kraatz 1882: 314; Radjabi 1968: 70, 1976: 128 (as farinigera); Modarres Awal 1997: 133 (as farinigera); Borumand 2002: 45; Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1388. [subgenus Cratomerus].</p><p>Immatures: Richter 1949: 203.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond, cherry (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Isfahan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kordestan (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. The records of host plants (Modarres Awal 1997) are doubtful; larvae feed on Populus sp., Salix sp., and? Juglans sp. (Richter 1949; Volkovitsh &amp; Alexeev 1994). Record for Kordestan (Borumand 2002) is also doubtful.</p><p>Anthaxia fedtschenkoi Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1896b: 346; Davatchi et al. 1959: 247; Farahbakhsh 1960: 74 (as Cratomerus); Bílý 1983a: 58; Modarres Awal 1997: 135 (as Cratomerus); Bílý 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1388; Sakenin et al. 2008: 33.</p><p>synonym: samarkandi Obenberger 1921: 95.</p><p>synonym: scheibei Théry 1936c: 188.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Cherry and other fruit trees ( Rosaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Carpinus orientalis (Corylaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997), Fars, Kerman (Bílý 1983a), Khorasan (Davatchi et al. 1959), Semnan (Sakenin et al. 2008), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Records for East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997) and Carpinus orientalis (Corylaceae) as a host plant (Sakenin et al. 2008) are doubtful.</p><p>Anthaxia flavicomes Abeille de Perrin 1900: 7; Radjabi 1974: 38; Bílý 1983a: 70; 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1389.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1975: 9.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Lorestan (Radjabi 1974), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia gedrosiana Bílý 1983a: 61; 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1394; Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010: 478, 2013: 382.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva) reared from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2013). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan, Kerman (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2013), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia hemichrysis Abeille de Perrin 1894: cccliii; Richter 1949: 119; Davatchi et al. 1959: 246 (as hemochrysis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Adeli 1972: 10; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Borumand 2002: 45; Bílý 2006a: 379; Bellamy 2008c: 1400; Sakenin et al. 2008: 34.</p><p>synonym: demaisoni Abeille de Perrin 1895c: ccxxx.</p><p>[subgenus Melanthaxia, conradti species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Juniper ( Cupressaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997); (?Adult) Diospyrus lotus (Ebenaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Richter 1949; Sakenin et al. 2008; Borumand 2002), Northern provinces (Modarres Awal 1997), Northern Iran (Richter 1949; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960), Iran (no locality cited) (Abeille de Perrin 1895c, as demaisoni; Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. The record for Diospyrus lotus (Ebenaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008) is doubtful.</p><p>Anthaxia holoptera Obenberger 1914a: 115; Bílý 2006a: 371; Bellamy 2008c: 1401. [subgenus Anthaxia, plicata species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Turkmenistan (Bílý 2006a), Azerbaijan (Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia hungarica (Scopoli) 1772: 104 ( Mordella); Radjabi 1968: 70; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Borumand 2002: 45; Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1402; Barimani et al. 2009: 66, 2010:131. synonym: trochila (Fabricius) 1777: 235 ( Buprestis); Bílý 2006a: 374.</p><p>synonym: cyanicornis (Fabricius) 1781: 287 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: elegantula (Schrank) 1781: 195 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: stephanellii (Petagna) 1787: 23 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: femorata (Villers) 1789: 338 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: exaltata (Fabricius) 1798: 136 ( Buprestis).</p><p>[subgenus Cratomerus].</p><p>Immatures: Mulsant &amp; Revelière 1860: 89; Perris 1877: 131, 134 (as cyanicornis); Molino-Olmedo 1998a: 9; Bílý 1999: 25.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 34.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Hard wood timbers used in furniture (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Kerman (Modarres Awal 1997), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldavia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia hungarica sitta Küster 1846: 24; Richter 1949: 192 (subspecies of Cratomerus hungaricus); Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1405.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan, Guilan (Richter 1949), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia hyrcana Kirsch in Kiesenwetter &amp; Kirsch 1880: 133; Richter 1949: 142; Bílý 2006a: 371; Bellamy 2008c: 1406; Barimani et al. 2009: 66, 2010:131.</p><p>synonym: semiusta Abeille de Perrin 1895b: cxvii.</p><p>synonym: permira Reitter 1898: 120.</p><p>synonym: seminigra Théry 1925: 176 (variety of hirticollis).</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Kiesenwetter &amp; Kirsch 1880; Richter 1949), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Northern Iran, "El Bourz: Talyche" (Théry 1925, as hirticollis var. seminigra; Richter 1949), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>* Anthaxia iliensis Obenberger 1914a: 115; Bílý 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1408; Ghahari et al. 2008: 638; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 42.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Elm, Ulmus campestris (Ulmaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012). Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al. 2008). Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Most probably misidentification. This species absent in the regions adjacent to Iran. Larvae feed in Halimodendron (Fabaceae) .</p><p>Anthaxia iranica (Richter) 1949: 212 ( Cratomerus); Bílý 1983a: 61; Borumand 2002: 46; Bílý 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1409.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Reared from Nerium indicum kotschii (Apocynaceae) (Bílý 1983a); pistachio ( Pistacia, Anacardiaceae) (Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Kerman, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Richter 1949; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Note. The record for Pistacia (Borumand 2002) is doubtful.</p><p>Anthaxia iveta Svoboda 2003: 51; Bílý 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1411; Baiocchi 2015: 67. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acacia sp. ( Fabaceae), Ziziphus sp. ( Rhamnaceae) (Baiocchi 2015). Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Svoboda 2003), southern coastal area (Baiocchi 2015); Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia jenisi Bílý 2006b: 32; Bellamy 2008c: 1411.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia, candens species-group].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 2006b), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia kalalae Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010: 465 .</p><p>unavailable name: kalalae Obenberger (nomen nudum): Radjabi 1974: 38, 1976: 128; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Borumand 2002: 46; Bellamy 2008c: 1350 (synonym of armeniaca).</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia sp. ( Anacardiaceae) (Borumand 2002; Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010). Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1974, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010), Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshahan (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002; Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010), Lorestan (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Borumand 2002; Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010), Tehran, Yazd (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010).</p><p>Note. This species was previously known under the name A. kalalae Obenberger (nomen nudum), it was described recently by Baiocchi &amp; Magnani (2010); type series includes the paratype from Obenberger’s collection.</p><p>* Anthaxia kiesenwetteri Marseul 1865: 228; Bílý 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1413; Hadian et al. 2012: 1. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. On Quercus sp. ( Fagaceae) (Hadian et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Macedonia, Romania, Syria, Turkey, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. The record for Semnan is doubtful, the occurrence of this species in Iran needs confirmation.</p><p>Anthaxia kollari Marseul 1865: 214; Richter 1949: 207; Bílý 2006a: 376; Bellamy 2008c: 1414. synonym: starkei Ganglbauer 1886: 87.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Ganglbauer 1886, as starkei; Richter 1949), Western Iran (Richter 1949). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia krueperi Ganglbauer 1885: 319; Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1415; Baiocchi 2013: 473, 478. synonym: duo Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1898: 599.</p><p>[subgenus Cratomerus].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Salix spp. ( Salicaceae), Ulmus spp. ( Ulmaceae) (Baiocchi 2013). Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Baiocchi 2013).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Georgia, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia lgockii Obenberger 1917b: 38; Bílý 2006a: 371; Bellamy 2008c: 1417; Barimani et al. 2012: 192; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 42.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Astragalus anseanthus, A. gossypinus (Fabaceae) (Barimani et al. 2012). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2012). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia lgockii talyshensis Bílý 1991: 123 (subspecies of lgockii); 2006a: 372; Bellamy 2008c: 1417. Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>Anthaxia magnanii Baiocchi 2011: 1 .</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia]</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Fraxinus rotundifolia, Fraxinus sp. ( Oleaceae) (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution within Iran. Fars (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia magnifica Bílý 1983a: 72, 2006a: 372; Bellamy 2008c: 1420; Baiocchi 2013: 466. [subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva) ex Salix sp. ( Salicaceae) (Baiocchi 2013). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Baiocchi 2013), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Tehran (Baiocchi 2013). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia manca (Linnaeus) 1767: 1067 ( Buprestis); Richter 1949: 182 ( Cratomerus mancus); Davatchi et al. 1959: 247 ( Cratomerus mancus); Farahbakhsh 1960: 74 ( Cratomerus mancus); Adeli 1972: 11 ( Cratomerus mancus); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 122 ( Cratomerus mancus); Modarres Awal 1997: 135 ( Cratomerus mancus); Bílý 2006a: 372; Bellamy 2008c: 1421; Baiocchi 2013: 458.</p><p>synonym: bistriata (Fabricius) 1775: 222 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: rubina (Geoffroy in Fourcroy) 1785: 33 ( Cucujus).</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia, manca species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1838: 303; Bílý 1975b: 64, 1999: 25.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1949: 183; Bílý 2003: 35.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Ulmus sp., Populus sp. and fruit trees (Adeli 1972); Populus sp. ( Salicaceae), Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae), Ulmus sp. ( Ulmaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, sapwood); chestnut ( Castanea, Fagaceae), elm, false acacia, poplar (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997, as Cratomerus mancus). Distribution within Iran. Markazi (Modarres Awal 1997), central provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), northern Iran (Richter 1949; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldavia, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. According to Baiocchi (2013) all records for A. manca in Iran need confirmation.</p><p>Anthaxia mancatula Abeille de Perrin 1900: 5; Bílý 2006a: 372 (ressurected from synonymy with manca); Bellamy 2008c: 1422; Baiocchi 2013: 473.</p><p>synonym: intermedia Obenberger 1913c: 63; Richter 1949: 184 ( Cratomerus intermedius); Davatchi et al. 1959: 246 ( Cratomerus intermedius); Farahbakhsh 1960: 74 ( Cratomerus intermedius); Adeli 1972: 11 ( Cratomerus intermedius); Radjabi 1974: 38; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 122 ( Cratomerus intermedius); Modarres Awal 1997: 135 ( Cratomerus intermedius); Borumand 2002: 46; Bílý 2006a: 371; Bellamy 2008c: 1409; Barimani et al. 2009: 66, 2010: 131; Baiocchi 2013: 473 (synonym of mancatula).</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 70 (key) (as Cratomerus intermedius).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1949 (as Cratomerus intermedius); Baiocchi 2013.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Ulmus sp. ( Ulmaceae), poirier ( Pyrus, Rosaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; as Cratomerus intermedius); Ulmus sp., Populus sp. and fruit trees (Adeli 1972; as Cratomerus intermedius); elm, pear (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997, as Cratomerus intermedius); Ulmus spp., sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); (Larvae)? Salix (Salicaceae), Celtis sp., Ulmus sp., Zelkova sp. ( Ulmaceae), Malus sp., Pyrus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2013).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. (all as C. intermedia): East Azarbaijan, Markazi (Modarres Awal 1997), Golestan (Richter 1949), Mazandaran (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), northern Iran (Richter 1949; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997); (as mancatula): Golestan, Guilan, Isfahan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Tehran (Baiocchi 2013), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia mannaea Baiocchi 2011: 6 .</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Crataegus sp., Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia meda Baiocchi 2011: 10 .</p><p>[subgenus Cratomerus].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Prunus dulcis, Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan, West Azarbaijan, Zanjan (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>* Anthaxia medvedevorum (Alexeev) 1978: 849 ( Cratomerus); Bílý 2006a: 377; Bellamy 2008c: 1425. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Bílý &amp; Volkovitsh 2005: 16 (diagnosis of Anthaxia).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>Note. The records for Afghanistan, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan in Bellamy (2008c) are erroneous. This species is known only from the type locality (Grand Balkhan mountains in western Turkmenistan).</p><p>Anthaxia millefolii (Fabricius) 1801: 215 ( Buprestis); Radjabi 1968: 70 (?var.); Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Bílý 2006a: 377; Bellamy 2008c: 1426.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 61 (as polychloros Abeille de Perrin 1894); Bílý 1999: 27.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 36.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, Moldavia, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia morgani Théry 1925: 81, 175; Richter 1949: 158; Bílý 2006a: 372; Bellamy 2008c: 1430; Baiocchi 2011: 6.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva) Fraxinus sp. ( Oleaceae) (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Kouh-Hadjoudj" (Théry 1925). Fars (Baiocchi 2011), Western Iran (Richter 1949), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Syria (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia muliebris Obenberger 1918b: 22 (variety of fulgurans); Théry 1925: 81 (as fulgurans); Richter 1949: 163; Davatchi et al. 1959: 246; Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Bílý 2006a: 372; Bellamy 2008c: 1432; Hadian et al. 2012: 2 (as rnuliebris [sic!]); Baiocchi 2015: 74.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia, dimidiata species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 68 (key).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Almond ( Amygdalus), apricot, peach ( Prunus spp., Rosaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); (larva) Cotoneaster nummularia (Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2015). Distribution within Iran. "Plateau persan occ.: de Zentjan à Ardebil" (as fulgurans) (Théry 1925). East Azarbaijan, Markazi (Modarres Awal 1997), Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012), Zanjan (Baiocchi 2015), northern Iran (Richter 1949; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Israel, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia mundula Kiesenwetter 1857: 85; Richter 1949: 78; Bílý 2006a: 377; Bellamy 2008c: 1432. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1949).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Cyprus, Greece, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia mutica Arnoldi (nomen nudum): Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 66; Modarres Awal 1997: 133 (muticae).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia mutica (Anacardiaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960), Pistacia sp., branches (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), northern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960). Note. Undescribed species, a single specimen from Kerman deposited in Zoological Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia).</p><p>Anthaxia naviauxi Bílý 1995: 50, 2006a: 377; Bellamy 2008c: 1433; Baiocchi 2015: 67. [subgenus Haplanthaxia, schah species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. One adult beaten from Pistacia lentiscus L. ( Anacardiaceae) (Baiocchi 2015). Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Bílý 1995), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia olympica Kiesenwetter in Kiesenwetter &amp; Kirsch 1880: 131; Bílý 2006a: 377; Bellamy 2008c: 1442; Ghahari et al. 2008: 638; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 42. [subgenus Haplanthaxia, olympica species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 69 (key); Bílý 1999: 27.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 38.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Tree of Chastity ( Vitex sp., Lamiaceae), Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) (Simaroubaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al. 2008; Havaskary et al. 2012), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Moldavia, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>Anthaxia parvula Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2006: 219; Bellamy 2008c: 1445. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia sp. ( Anacardiaceae) (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2006). Distribution within Iran. Fars, Kerman, Lorestan (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2006), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia passerinii (Pecchioli) 1837: 446 ( Buprestis); Davatchi et al. 1959: 246 (as passerini); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 2 (as passerini); Modarres Awal 1997: 133 (as passerini); Bílý 2006a: 372; Bellamy 2008c: 1445; Barimani et al. 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: purpurea Abeille de Perrin, 1891: 262.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) On different Rosaceae (Davatchi et al. 1959); Cupressus sempervirens, Juniperus spp. ( Cupressaceae), sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis, juniper ( Juniperus sp.), milk vetch ( Astragalus sp., Fabaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2010), northern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Davatchi et al. 1959).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Slovenia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Record for milk vetch in Modarres Awal (1997) most probably based on misidentification. This species is associated with conifers.</p><p>Anthaxia patsyae Baiocchi 2008: 323 .</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Baiocchi 2008), Iran (no locality cited) (Baiocchi 2008). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia permisa Abeille de Perrin 1904: 217; Richter 1949: 153; Bílý 2006a: 372; Bellamy 2008c: 1447. [subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Richter 1949), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia platysoma Abeille de Perrin 1891: 261; Bílý 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1449; Sakenin et al. 2008: 35. synonym: illustris Daniel 1903: 252 (variety of platysoma).</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Sakenin et al. 2008), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia plicata Kiesenwetter 1859: 58; Bílý 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1449. synonym: biimpressa Marseul 1865: 248.</p><p>synonym: magdalenae Fairmaire 1884b: cxlv.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia, plicata species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Bílý 1999: 25.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 38.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (as biimpressa) (Richter 1949). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia &amp; Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a).</p><p>* Anthaxia pochoni Herman 1969: 61; Bílý 1997a: 32, 105, 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1450. [subgenus Cratomerus].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 1997a, 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan (Herman 1969).</p><p>Note. This species was described from "Zurghuz, Central Baluchistan, W. Pakistan "; records for Iran need confirmation.</p><p>Anthaxia puella Bílý 1980b: 109, 1983a: 70, 2006: 377; Bellamy 2008c: 1455. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Bílý 1980b, 1983a, 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia roxana Bílý 1983a: 69, 2006a: 378; Bellamy 2008c: 1462; Bílý et al. 2011: 208. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Prosopis specigera, Acacia arabica, A. flava (Fabaceae) (Bílý 1983a); ((larva) Acacia sp. (Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a; Bílý et al. 2011), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Pakistan, UAE (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c; Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>* Anthaxia rutilipennis Albeille de Perrin 1891: 263; Bílý 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1464; Hadian et al. 2012: 2. synonym: fleischeri Obenberger 1925b: 56.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. On Abies sp. ( Pinaceae) (Hadian et al. 2012). Distribution within Iran. Semnan (Hadian et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Note. The record for Semnan is probably a misidentification; this species may occur in Western Iran.</p><p>Anthaxia sagartiana Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010: 475, 2013: 383 . [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Isfahan, Yazd (Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010, 2013). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia salicis (Fabricius) 1777: 237 ( Buprestis); Salavatian 1950: 10 (?variety of salicis); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 111; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Bílý 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1464.</p><p>synonym: croesus (Villers) 1789: 339 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: amplexa Rey 1891a: 4.</p><p>synonym: hirticollis Rey 1891a: 5; Théry 1925: 81 (with varr. persica and s eminigra). [subgenus Anthaxia, salicis species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Bílý 1999: 25.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 40.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Sorb-tree ( Sorbus, Rosaceae) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah (Salavatian 1950, as salicis, var.?); Tehran and central and western provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldavia, Morocco, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia; introduced: U.S.A. (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia salicis persica Théry 1925: 175 (variety of hirticollis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Radjabi 1968: 70; Adeli 1972: 10; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 10, 86; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Borumand 2002: 46; Bílý 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1466.</p><p>misidentification: cypraea: Richter 1949: 148 (not Abeille de Perrin 1900).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Willow ( Salix sp. ( Salicaceae), Acer sp. ( Aceraceae), Malus sp., Pyrus sp., Cydonia sp., Sorbus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Salix sp., Acer sp. and fruit trees (Adeli 1972); Acer sp., Pyrus sp., sapwood, bark (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane, entre Tcham-i-Kaw et Le Sein-Merreh" (Théry 1925). Alborz (Farahbakhsh 1960), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997), Ilam (Borumand 2002), Kermanshah (Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Adeli 1972), Markazi and other central provinces (Modarres Awal 1997), Tehran (Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997), Western Iran (as cypraea) (Richter 1949), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia schah Abeille de Perrin 1904: 215; Théry 1925: 81; Richter 1949: 165; Radjabi 1974: 38; Bílý 1983a: 71; Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Borumand 2002: 46; Bílý 2006a: 378; Bellamy 2008c: 1467; Baiocchi 2015: 63. synonym: lokayi Obenberger 1925a: 32.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia, schah species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acer sp. ( Aceraceae), Ficus sp. ( Moraceae), Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2015). Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: entre Tcham-i-Kaw et le Sein-Merreh" (Théry 1925). Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Abeille de Perrin 1904; Richter 1949), Isfahan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah, Kordestan (Baiocchi 2015), Khuzestan, Lorestan (Bílý 1983a; Baiocchi 2015), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Syria (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. According to Baiocchi (2015) A. schah sensu Radjabi (1974) and Borumand (2002) (not Abeille de Perrin 1904) are the misidentifications of A. (H.) cadusiana Baiocchi, 2015, so the occurrence of this species in Isfahan is doubtful.</p><p>* Anthaxia senicula (Schrank) 1789: 85 ( Buprestis); Bílý 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1471. synonym: aurulenta (Fabricius) 1787: 182 ( Buprestis) [homonym of aurulenta Linnaeus 1758]. synonym: deaurata (Gmelin) 1790: 1934 ( Buprestis); Modarres Awal 1997: 132. synonym: auricolor (Herbst) 1801: 158 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: hanakii Küster 1851: 18.</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Maslov 1966: 1654; Soldatova 1970: 61; Bílý 1975a: 67.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pear ( Pyrus sp., Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997, as deaurata). Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Modarres Awal 1997, as deaurata).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldavia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Probably misidentification of A. mancatula Abeille de Perrin (see above).</p><p>Anthaxia shirazensis Obenberger 1940c: 167; Bílý 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1475; Baiocchi 2015: 71. [subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acer sp. ( Aceraceae) (Baiocchi 2015). Distribution within Iran. Fars (Obenberger 1940c), Kordestan, Lorestan (Baiocchi 2015), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkey (Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia simandli Baiocchi 2013: 462 .</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) On Salix sp. ( Salicaceae) (Baiocchi 2013). Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Baiocchi 2013). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia spinosa Abeille de Perrin 1900: 8; Richter 1949: 84; Bílý 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1477. synonym: anthochaera Obenberger 1913d: 334.</p><p>unavailable name: anthochaera ab. shahrudensis Obenberger 1934f: 176. [subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. " Persien " (Obenberger 1913d, as anthochaera). Isfahan (Richter 1949), Semnan (Obenberger 1934f, as anthochaera ab. shahrudensis; Richter 1949), northern Iran (Richter 1949), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia sponsa Kiesenwetter 1857: 82; Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1478; Barimani et al. 2010: 131. synonym: divina Reiche 1850: 415.</p><p>[subgenus Cratomerus].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2010).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Romania, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia stateira Bílý 1983a: 71, 2006a: 373; Bellamy 2008c: 1479. [subgenus Anthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Isfahan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia tractata Abeille de Perrin 1901: 8; Bílý 2006a: 374; Bellamy 2008c: 1485; Baiocchi 2011: 8. synonym: uniformis Abeille de Perrin 1900: 9 (preoccupied by uniformis Macleay 1888). synonym: araxana Jakobson 1913: 791 (nomen novum for uniformis).</p><p>[subgenus Anthaxia, funerula species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1975: 7.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva) reared from the twigs of Crataegus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2011). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Baiocchi 2011), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Georgia, Iraq, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia truncata Abeille de Perrin 1900: 8; Bílý 1983a: 71; Borumand 2002: 47; Bílý 2006a: 378; Bellamy 2008c: 1486.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Bílý 1983a), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Syria (Bílý 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia turana Obenberger 1914a: 115; Bílý 2006a: 378; Bellamy 2008c: 1486. synonym: transcaspica Obenberger 1917a: 56.</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan, Tajikistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia turana chorasanica Bílý 1983a: 61 (subspecies of turana); Borumand 2002: 47 (subspecies of truncata); Bílý 2006a: 378; Bellamy 2008c: 1487.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia umbellatarum (Fabricius) 1787: 183 ( Buprestis); Davatchi 1958: 71; Bílý 2006a: 378; Bellamy 2008c: 1487; Ghahari et al. 2008: 639; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 43. synonym: inculta (Germar) 1817: 217 ( Buprestis).</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Xambeu 1895: 84; Bílý 1999: 27.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 42.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Fig tree, Ficus carica (Moraceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008); on Prunus domestica and Ulmus campestris (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012) .</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al. 2008; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Libya, Malta, Macedonia, Moldavia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia ursulae Niehuis 1989a: 98; Bílý 2006a: 378; Bellamy 2008c: 1489; Baiocchi 2013: 473. [subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Larva) Salix (Salicaceae) (Baiocchi 2013).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Baiocchi 2013), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Turkey (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Anthaxia wethloi Obenberger 1940b: 115; Bílý 1983a: 58; 2006a: 378; Bellamy 2008c: 1494; Baiocchi 2015: 64. [subgenus Haplanthaxia, schah species-group].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acer sp. ( Aceraceae), Astragalus sp. ( Fabaceae), Ficus sp. ( Moraceae), Pistacia sp. ( Anacardiaceae), Rosa sp., Prunus dulcis, P. a r ab i c a, Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae), Salix sp. ( Salicaceae) (Baiocchi 2015).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Bushehr (Obenberger 1940b), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari, Fars, Isfahan (Baiocchi 2015), Kerman, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a; Baiocchi 2015), Yazd (Baiocchi 2015), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Iraq (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c),? Syria (Baiocchi 2015). Note. According to Baiocchi (2015) records for Armenia, Iraq, and Syria need confirmation.</p><p>Anthaxia winkleri Obenberger 1914c: 255; Bílý 2006a: 374 (subgenus Anthaxia); Bellamy 2008c: 1494 (subgenus Anthaxia); Baiochii &amp; Magnani 2008: 99; 2010: 474; Baiocchi 2011: 8 (as winkleri winkleri). synonym: armeniaca Obenberger 1929a: 123; Bílý 1983a: 66; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 1, 44; Modarres Awal 1997: 132 (as armenica and armenica armenica); Borumand 2002: 44; Bílý 2006a: 375; Baiochii &amp; Magnani 2008: 104 (synonym of winkleri).</p><p>[subgenus Haplanthaxia].</p><p>Immatures: Soldatova 1970: 70 (key) (as Cratomerus armeniacus).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Cedar ( Cedrus sp., Pinaceae) (as armenica), fig ( Ficus sp., Moraceae) (as armenica armenica), sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997); (larva) Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (as armeniaca) (Bílý 1983a); Crataegus sp., Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae) Baiocchi 2011: 8 (as winkleri winkleri). Distribution within Iran. Kordestan (Baiocchi 2011: 8, as winkleri winkleri), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (as armenica), western provinces (as armenica armenica) (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Tehran (as armeniaca) (Borumand 2002), South West Iran (Bílý 1983a, as armeniaca).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (as winkleri and armeniaca) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. Records for cedar and fig in Abai &amp; Adeli (1984) and Modarres Awal (1997) are probably based on misidentification.</p><p>Anthaxia winkleri farsica Bílý 1983a: 59 (subspecies of armeniaca); Borumand 2002: 44; Bílý 2006a: 375 (subspecies of armeniaca); Bellamy 2008c: 1350 (subspecies of armeniaca); Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010: 474; Baiocchi 2015: 71.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Prunus sp. ( Rosaceae) (Baiocchi 2015).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Kerman, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002, as subspecies of armeniaca), Lorestan (Baiocchi 2015), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Anthaxia winkleri judinae Stepanov 1954: 1309 (as species); Davatchi 1958: 70; Davatchi et al. 1959: 246 (as judina); Farahbakhsh 1960: 72; Adeli 1972: 10; Bílý 1983a: 66 (subspecies of armeniaca); Modarres Awal 1997: 133; Bílý 2006a: 375 (subspecies of armeniaca); Bellamy 2008c: 1350 (subspecies of armeniaca); Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010: 471.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972); pistachio (Modarres Awal 1997), Pistacia sp. (Adeli 1972; Baiocchi &amp; Magnani 2010).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997), Qazvin (Davatchi et al. 1959), Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Bílý 2006a; Bellamy 2008c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF84FFFDCDD1FBBF20F3A5F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF95FFFECDD1FC482694A3A1.text	03D63243FF95FFFECDD1FC482694A3A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanophila Eschscholtz 1829	<div><p>Genus MELANOPHILA Eschscholtz, 1829</p><p>synonym: Apatura Laporte &amp; Gory 1837 . synonym: Oxypteris Kirby 1837 .</p><p>Melanophila acuminata (DeGeer) 1774: 133 ( Buprestis); Richter 1949: 239; Davatchi et al. 1959: 247; Farahbakhsh 1960: 75; Adeli 1972: 11; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 2 -4; Modarres Awal 1997: 137; Kubáň 2006: 386; Bellamy 2008c: 1527; Sakenin et al. 2008: 36; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1.</p><p>synonym: acuta (Gmelin) 1790: 1939 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: acuminata (Thunberg) 1787: 52 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by acuminata DeGeer 1774). synonym: appendiculata (Fabricius) 1793: 210 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: longipes (Say) 1823: 164 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: immaculata Mannerheim 1837: 70.</p><p>synonym: pecchiolii (Gory &amp; Laporte) 1839: 33 ( Anthaxia).</p><p>synonym: assimilis LeConte 1850: 227.</p><p>synonym: rugata LeConte 1857: 7.</p><p>synonym: summifex (Gistel) 1857: 6 ( Phaenops); Kubáň 2006: 48 (synonym of acuminata). synonym: amica Gistel 1857: 38 ( Phaenops); Kubáň 2006: 48 (synonym of acuminata). synonym: opaca LeConte 1860: 213.</p><p>synonym: anthaxoides Marquet 1876: 368; Radjabi 1976: 129, 368.</p><p>Immatures: Burke 1919: 106; Richter 1949: 240; Palm 1962: 65; Benoit 1966: 1208; Soldatova 1969: 15; Bílý 1999: 19.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1949: 240; Bílý 2003: 61.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Juniperus, Cupressus (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972); Pinus eldarica (Adeli 1972); Juniperus, Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Cupressaceae), Pinus spp. ( Pinaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Quercus castanefolia (Fagaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Sakenin et al. 2008; Havaskary et al. 2012), Fars (Radjabi 1976), generally distributed (Modarres Awal 1997), northern Iran (Richter 1949; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Andora, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece,? Haiti, Hungary, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldavia, Mongolia, the Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,? Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan, (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. This species is associated with coniferous, the records for Quercus in Sakenin et al. (2008) as well as that for Fars (Radjabi 1976) may refer to M. cuspidata .</p><p>Melanophila cuspidata (Klug) 1829: No. 34 ( Buprestis); Richter 1949: 242; Davatchi et al. 1959: 247; Farahbakhsh 1960: 75; Radjabi 1968: 73; Adeli 1972: 11; Radjabi 1976: 129; Modarres Awal 1997: 137; Borumand 2002: 42; Kubáň 2006: 387; Bellamy 2008c: 1531.</p><p>synonym: nigrita (Fabricius) 1798: 134 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by nigrita Olivier 1790). synonym: regalis (Fabricius) 1801: 187 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by regalis Fabricius 1775). synonym: aequalis Mannerheim 1837: 71.</p><p>synonym: oxyura Marquet 1874: 32.</p><p>synonym: aerata Costa 1883: 42 .</p><p>synonym: acutespina Reitter 1893: 175.</p><p>synonym: jakowlewi Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1900: 589.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1949: 243.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Juniperus sp. ( Cupressaceae), Pistacia sp. ( Anacardiaceae), Ficus sp. ( Moraceae), Populus sp. ( Salicaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959); Juniperus sp., Pistacia sp., Populus sp. (Adeli 1972); fig, juniper, pine, pistachio, sind poplar, white mulberry (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Fars (Radjabi 1968, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997), Kermanshah (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Richter 1949), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria,? Cameroon, Chad, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, Morocco, Nigeria, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UAE, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c; Bílý et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF95FFFECDD1FC482694A3A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FF96FFC0CDD1FB36252DA7D4.text	03D63243FF96FFC0CDD1FB36252DA7D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachypteris Kirby 1837	<div><p>Genus TRACHYPTERIS Kirby, 1837</p><p>Trachypteris picta (Pallas) 1773: 719 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 81 ( Melanophila); Richter 1949: 234 ( Melanophila); Davatchi et al. 1959: 247 ( Melanophila ( Trachypteris)); Adeli 1972: 11 ( Melanophila); Modarres Awal 1997: 137 ( Melanophila); Borumand 2002: 42 ( Melanophila); Kubáň 2006: 388; Bellamy 2008c: 1547; Sakenin et al. 2008: 32; Babmorad et al. 2012a: 182, 2012b: 202 ( Melanophila); Baiocchi 2013: 473; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2014: 554 ( Melanophila); Babmorad et al. 2014: 555 ( Melanophila).</p><p>Immatures: Richter 1949: 236; Alexeev &amp; Soldatova 1968: 194 ( Melanophilini, diagnosis); Soldatova 1969: 14; Bílý 1999: 18.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Richter 1949; Akbarian et al. 2002; Sadeghi et al. 2002; Babmorad et al. 2008; Hashemi Khabir &amp; Sadeghi 2012a, b.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Populus euphratica (Salicaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Babmorad et al. 2012a, b, 2014; Hashemi Khabir &amp; Sadeghi 2012b; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2014), poplar (Babmorad 1993; Dordaie et al. 2000; Haghighian et al. 2006), black poplar ( Populus nigra pyramidalis), white poplar, sind poplar ( Populus spp.), willow ( Salix sp.) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997), Salix sp. ( Salicaceae) (Baiocchi 2013), Berberis vulgaris (Berberidaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008); Populus alba (Hashemi Khabir &amp; Sadeghi 2012a, b). Distribution within Iran. Alborz (Babmorad 1993), Ardabil (Sakenin et al. 2008), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari (Haghighian et al. 2006), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997; Dordaie et al. 2000; Borumand 2002), Isfahan (Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Babmorad et al. 2012b), Kerman (Adeli 1972; Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Adeli 1972; Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002; Babmorad et al. 2012; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2014), Khuzestan (Théry 1925; Babmorad et al. 2012a, b; Babmorad et al. 2014), Lorestan (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Qazvin, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Bílý 1983a; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), West Azerbaijan (Hashemi Khabir &amp; Sadeghi 2012a, b), southern Iran (Davatchi et al. 1959), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1949; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic,? Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India,? Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldavia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco,? Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan; introduced: Chile (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Trachypteris picta picta (Pallas) 1773: 719 ( Buprestis); Richter 1949: 234 ( Melanophila); Farahbakhsh 1960: 75 ( Melanophila); Radjabi 1968: 73 ( Melanophila; with abb.); Bílý 1983a: 57 ( Melanophila); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 77 ( Melanophila); Modarres Awal 1997: 137 ( Melanophila; with forms); Kubáň 2006: 388; Bellamy 2008c: 1547. synonym: leonhardi Obenberger 1924c: 25 ( Melanophila, subspecies of picta).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Populus spp., bark and sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Isfahan, Kerman, Khorasan, Khuzestan (Farahbakhsh 1960), Lorestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Qazvin (Radjabi 1968), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997), Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), generally distributed (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India (Kasmir), Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Richter 1949; Kubáň 2006).</p><p>Note. Records for Khuzestan, Lorestan, Qazvin, and Zanjan probably refer to the next subspecies.</p><p>Trachypteris picta decostigma (Fabricius) 1787: 180 ( Buprestis); Richter 1949: 231 ( Melanophila decastigma); Salavatian 1950: 10 ( Melanophila picta decastigma, with abb.); Davatchi et al. 1959: 247 ( Melanophila (Trachypteris) decastigma, as species); Farahbakhsh 1960: 75 ( Melanophila decastigma); Radjabi 1968: 73 ( Melanophila decastigma; with abb.); Adeli 1972: 11 ( Melanophila decastigma); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 48, 77, 109, 123 ( Melanophila picta decastigma); Modarres Awal 1997: 137 (as Melanophila decastigma and picta decastigma; with forms); Borumand 2002: 42; Kubáň 2006: 388; Bellamy 2008c: 1549; Barimani et al. 2010: 131; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2012: 135 ( Melanophila decastigma).</p><p>synonym: silphoides (Schrank) 1789: 82 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: quatuordecimguttata (Olivier) 1790: 89 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: consobrina (Chevrolat) 1854: 395 ( Melanophila).</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1875: 392, 1877: 134; Soldatova 1969: 15; Bílý 1999: 19.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003:75.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Salix sp., Populus sp. ( Salicaceae), Fraxinus sp. ( Oleaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959); Salix sp., Populus sp., Ulmus sp., Fraxinus sp., fruit trees (Adeli 1972); black poplar, white poplar ( Populus spp.), willow ( Salix sp.), sometimes on ash ( Fraxinus sp.) and elm ( Ulmus sp., Ulmaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Fraxinus spp., Populus spp., bark and sapwood, Salix spp., trunk and branches, Ulmus spp., sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984); Populus euphratica (Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2012) .</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan, Fars, Tehran (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Isfahan (Salavatian 1950; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kerman (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kermanshah, Lorestan (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Khorasan (Borumand 2002; Afrouzian &amp; Babmorad 2012), Khuzestan (Salavatian 1950; Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (Salavatian 1950; Barimani et al. 2010), Qazvin (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Borumand 2002), Yazd, Zanjan (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), generally distributed (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco,? Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine; introduced: Chile (Richter 1949; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. Records for Fars, Kerman, Khorasan, and Sistan &amp; Baluchestan probably refer to the nominotypic subspecies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FF96FFC0CDD1FB36252DA7D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFA8FFC2CDD1FEAC27F7A1BC.text	03D63243FFA8FFC2CDD1FEAC27F7A1BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysobothris Eschscholtz 1829	<div><p>Genus CHRYSOBOTHRIS Eschscholtz, 1829</p><p>synonym: Amblis Gistel 1834 .</p><p>synonym: Odontomus Kirby 1837 . synonym: Aglaura Gistel 1848 .</p><p>synonym: Tamina Gistel 1848 .</p><p>synonym: Euocys Gistel 1856.</p><p>synonym: Knowltonia Fisher 1935 .</p><p>Chrysobothris affinis (Fabricius) 1794: 450, 458 ( Buprestis); Richter 1952: 212; Radjabi 1968: 71 (?variety of affinis and var. heterochroa Obenberger 1916, unavailable); Modarres Awal 1997: 135 (with var. heterochroa Obenberger); Borumand 2002: 47; Kubáň 2006: 384; Bellamy 2008c: 1590; Barimani et al. 2008: 201, 2009: 66; Rajabpour et al. 2012 (author: Ménétriés).</p><p>synonym: congener (Paykull) 1799: 222 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: tristis Abeille de Perrin 1900: 4 (preoccupied by tristis Deyrolle 1864).</p><p>synonym: adusta Abeille de Perrin 1901: 8.</p><p>synonym: cavinithorax Obenberger 1917d: 52 (variety of affinis; unused original spelling). synonym: carinithorax Obenberger 1917d: 52 (variety of affinis).</p><p>synonym: materculae Holynski 1975: 357.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysobothris].</p><p>Immatures: Schiødte 1870: 357, 372; Perris 1875: 381, 1877: 123; Richter 1952: 214; Palm 1962: 75; Bílý 1975a: 419, 1999a: 29.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 50.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Apple ( Malus sp.), apricot ( Prunus sp.), pear ( Pyrus, Rosaceae) white mulberry ( Morus sp., Moraceae) (Modarres Awal 1997); Albizia lebbec k, Prosopis cineraria (Fabaceae), Callistemon citrinus (Myrtaceae) (Rajabpour et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiary, Kerman (Borumand 2002), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Guilan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Lorestan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan, Yazd, Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), Khuzestan (Rajabpour et al. 2012), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2008, 2009), Qazvin (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), Tehran (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Richter 1952; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,? Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco,? the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Two parasitoid wasps, Glyptomorpha pectoralis (Brullé, 1832) ( Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) (2♀, 2♂) and Varzobia tibialis Nikol'skaya, 1960 ( Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) (3♀) were collected as the parasitoid of Chrysobothris affinis in Lahijan (Guilan province) and Golestan National Park (Golestan province), respectively.</p><p>Chrysobothris affinis nevskyi Richter 1944: 72; Farahbakhsh 1960: 74; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Kubáň 2006: 384; Bellamy 2008c: 1593.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Apricot ( Prunus sp., Rosaceae), white mulberry ( Morus sp., Moraceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Northern provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Chrysobothris affinis tetragramma (Ménétriés) 1832: 149 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 81 (variety of affinis); Richter 1952: 214; Davatchi et al. 1959: 245; Farahbakhsh 1960: 74; Radjabi 1968: 71; Adeli 1972: 11; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 47; Kubáň 2006: 384; Bellamy 2008c: 1593; Barimani et al. 2010: 131. synonym: reitteri Kerremans 1900: 304 (nomen novum for inaequalis Reitter 1895); Kubáň 2006: 44 (new assignment), 384.</p><p>synonym: inaequalis Reitter 1895b: 128 (preoccupied by inaequalis Waterhouse 1889); Kubáň 2006: 44 (new assignment), 384.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Ulmus sp., Salix sp., Juglans sp., fruit trees (Adeli 1972), apple ( Malus sp., Rosaceae), elm ( Ulmus sp., Ulmaceae), walnut ( Juglans sp., Juglandaceae), willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Richter 1952), Hamadan (Théry 1925), Isfahan (Richter 1952, as tetragramma ab. bienerti), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2010), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), northern provinces (Adeli 1972; Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Chrysobothris bicolorata Bílý 2000: 20; Kubáň 2006: 383; Bellamy 2008c: 1601. [subgenus Abothris].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khuzestan (Bílý 2000), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Chrysobothris catei Barries 2009: 55 .</p><p>[subgenus Chrysobothris].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Barries 2009). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Chrysobothris hexastigma Mannerheim 1837: 78; Semenov - Tian-Shankij &amp; Richter 1934: 93 (synonym of affinis); Kubáň 2006: 383; Volkovitsh 2006: 58 (ressurected from synonymy); Bellamy 2008c: 1637. synonym: deserticola Semenov-Tian-Shankij &amp; Richter 1934: 94; Radjabi 1974: 38; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 71; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 48; Volkovitsh 2006: 57 (synonym of hexastigma). [subgenus Chrysobothris].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981: 48, 52 (as deserticola) (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Platanus orientalis L. ( Platanaceae), trunk (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, as deserticola). Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Radjabi 1974; Borumand 2002, as deserticola), generally distributed (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, as desertcola).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Records for Platanus as a host plant and general distribution within Iran in Abai &amp; Adeli (1984) are most probably based on misidentification; according to Kaplin (1981) and our observations (MGV) this species is associated with Ammodendron spp. ( Fabaceae) in sandy deserts.</p><p>* Chrysobothris jakovlevi Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1891: 340; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 67; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Kubáň 2006: 384; Bellamy 2008c: 1643.</p><p>unused original spelling: jakowlewi Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1891: 340. [subgenus Abothris].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981: 48, 52 (with bibliography).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia spp. ( Anacardiaceae), branches (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), wild pistachio ( Pistacia sp.) (Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution outside Iran. Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. Probable misidentification; according to Kaplin (1981) and our observations (MGV) this species associates with Ammodendron spp. ( Fabaceae) in sandy deserts.</p><p>Chrysobothris nana Fairmaire 1892b: clii; Kubáň 2006: 384; Bellamy 2008c: 1654. synonym: turkestanica Obenberger 1924c: 29.</p><p>synonym: partha Obenberger 1924c: 30 .</p><p>[subgenus Abothris].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Chrysobothris parvipunctata Obenberger 1914d: 133 (variety of solieri); Richter 1952: 220; Bílý 1983a: 83; Borumand 2002: 48; Kubáň 2006: 385; Bellamy 2008c: 1661; Bílý et al. 2011: 211; Abaei 2014: 691 (Chrisobothris).</p><p>synonym: zarudniana Semenov-Tian-Shankij &amp; Richter 1934: 94.</p><p>synonym: beesoni Obenberger 1928c: 308; Bílý 1983a: 83; Borumand 2002: 48.</p><p>synonym: kheirii Cobos 1970: 191 (subspecies of beesoni).</p><p>[subgenus Chrysobothris].</p><p>Immatures: Cobos 1970: 189 (as beesoni).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. In Punica sp. ( Lythraceae) wood (Borumand 2002), Pistacia sp. ( Anacardiaceae) (Bílý et al. 2011), Platanus sp. (Farabi et al. 2012).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a, as beesoni; Bílý et al. 2011), Kerman (Bílý et al. 2011), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a, as beesoni; Bílý et al. 2011), Qom (Bílý et al. 2011), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Semenov-Tian-Shankij &amp; Richter 1934, type of zarudniana; Richter 1952, as zarudniana; Borumand 2002, as beesoni; Bílý et al. 2011), Tehran (Bílý et al. 2011; Farabi et al. 2012), Yazd (Borumand 2002), Zagros area (Abaei 2014), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, India, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, UAE (Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Chrysobothris solieri Laporte &amp; Gory 1837: 10; Abaei 2006a: 123; Abaei 2006b: 235; Kubáň 2006: 386; Bellamy 2008c: 1681.</p><p>synonym: pini Klingelhöffer 1845: 349.</p><p>synonym: multipunctata Campanyo 1863: 641.</p><p>synonym: quadridens Rey 1890: 172.</p><p>[subgenus Chrysobothris].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1854: 117; Bílý 1975a: 423, 1999a: 29.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 52.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Pinus eldarica (Pinaceae) (Abaei 2006a, b).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Abaei 2006a, b), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Algeria,? Armenia,? Austria,? Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,? Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece,? Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy (Pantelleria), Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Morocco,? the Netherlands,? Poland, Portugal,? Romania,? Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,? Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Two parasitoids including, Liotryphon sp. ( Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Hockeria sp. ( Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) were collected as the larval parasitoids by Abaei (2006a, b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFA8FFC2CDD1FEAC27F7A1BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFAAFFC4CDD1F85F20BFA665.text	03D63243FFAAFFC4CDD1F85F20BFA665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coraebus Gory & Laporte 1839	<div><p>Genus CORAEBUS Gory &amp; Laporte, 1839</p><p>synonym: Coroebus Agassiz 1846 (unjustified emendation).</p><p>synonym: Coraegrilus Fairmaire 1889 . synonym: Negreia Cobos 1962 .</p><p>Coraebus elatus (Fabricius) 1787: 184 ( Buprestis); Théry 1925: 81; Borumand 2002: 48; Kubáň 2006: 409; Bellamy 2008c: 1806; Sakenin et al. 2008: 37; Barimani et al. 2009: 67, 2010: 131; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1. synonym: sinuatus (Creutzer) in Panzer 1796: 13 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by sinuatus Olivier 1790). synonym: aeruginosus (Latreille) 1804: 69 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: lampsanae (Bonelli) 1812: 176 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: metallicus Gory &amp; Laporte 1839: 14.</p><p>synonym: pruinosus Küster 1846: 53.</p><p>synonym: subfasciatus Küster 1846: 54.</p><p>synonym: cylindraceus Abeille de Perrin 1896: 279.</p><p>synonym: protensulus Obenberger 1934g: 826 (nomen novum for cylindraceus Abeille de Perrin 1896, superfluous name).</p><p>Immatures: Falcoz 1923: 247 (as sinuatus); Bílý 1999: 31.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 53.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Syringa vulgaris (Oleaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008). Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Tidar" (Théry 1925). East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), Golestan (Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Semnan (Sakenin et al. 2008), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Note. The record of Syringa vulgaris as a host of this species is doubtful; C. elatus is associated with herbaceous Rosaceae (Bílý 2003) and known as a pest of garden strawberry.</p><p>Coraebus fasciatus (Villers) 1789: 339 ( Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 74; Adeli 1972: 11; Radjabi 1974: 38; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 91; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 48; Kubáň 2006: 51 (valid name), 410; Bellamy 2008c: 1809.</p><p>synonym: bifasciatus (Olivier) 1790: 46 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by bifasciatus Thunberg 1787). synonym: florentinus (Herbst) 1801: 178 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: trifasciatus Regimbeau 1876: 65, 81 teste Théry 1930b: 386.</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1875: 398 (as bifasciatus), 1877: 140; Gebhardt 1930: 151; Soria &amp; Ocete 1989: 144, 1990: 245, 1992a: 377, 1992b: 385, 1992c: 71, 1992d: 161, 1993: 27; Bílý 1999: 31 (as florentinus). Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 53 (as florentinus).</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Oak ( Quercus sp., Fagaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, buds; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kermanshah (Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Modarres Awal 1997), Khuzestan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), western provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lebanon, Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Coraebus rubi (Linnaeus) 1767: 661 ( Buprestis); Radjabi 1974: 39; Bílý 1983a: 85; Modarres Awal 1997: 135; Borumand 2002: 49; Kubáň 2006: 411; Bellamy 2008c: 1822; Sakenin et al. 2008: 33; Barimani et al. 2009: 67, 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: nebulosus (Scopoli) 1772: 104 ( Mordella).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 54.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Cephalaria syriaca (Dipsacaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Guilan (Bílý 1983a; Sakenin et al. 2008), Mazandaran (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFAAFFC4CDD1F85F20BFA665	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFACFFC6CDD1FE7A2646A5CC.text	03D63243FFACFFC6CDD1FE7A2646A5CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meliboeus Deyrolle 1864	<div><p>Genus MELIBOEUS Deyrolle, 1864</p><p>synonym: Nalanda Théry 1904 .</p><p>synonym: Neosambus Fisher 1921 .</p><p>synonym: Tonkinula Obenberger 1923 . synonym: Bourgoinia Obenberger 1926 . synonym: Melicoraebus Théry 1932 .</p><p>synonym: Chakriia Tongyai 1935 .</p><p>synonym: Meliacanthus Théry 1942 .</p><p>synonym: Melixes Schaefer 1949 .</p><p>synonym: Lakhonia Descarpentries &amp; Villiers 1967 .</p><p>Meliboeus adlbaueri Niehuis 1989b: 121; Kubáň 2006: 412; Bellamy 2008c: 1838. [subgenus Meliboeoides].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Poucht-E-Kouh: Halazard a Chirvan" (1 paratype) (Niehuis 1989b). Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Israel, Syria, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Meliboeus cyaneus (Ballion) 1871: 350 ( Coraebus); Théry 1925: 81; Radjabi 1974: 40; Bílý 1983a: 85; Modarres Awal 1997: 137; Borumand 2002: 49; Kubáň 2006: 413; Bellamy 2008c: 1847; Sakenin et al. 2008: 31. [subgenus Meliboeoides].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1988: 4.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. "Chaldée persane: Kelateh, Poucht-E-Kouh: Halazard a Chirvan" (Théry 1925). Kordestan (Radjabi 1974; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a), Tehran (Sakenin et al. 2008), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, India (Kashmir), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. Records for Poucht-E-Kouh and Chaldée persane in Théry (1925) and western provinces may refer to M. adlbaueri Niehuis (see above).</p><p>Meliboeus margotanus (Novak) 2010: 111 ( Kamosia margotana); Kubáň et al. 2014: 296 ( Meliboeus). [subgenus Meliboeus].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Kubáň et al. 2014). Distribution outside Iran. Oman, Pakistan, UAE, Yemen (Kubáň et al. 2014).</p><p>* Meliboeus morawitzi (Semenov) 1905a: 132 ( Coraebus); Borumand 2002: 49; Kubáň 2006: 414; Bellamy 2008c: 1858.</p><p>synonym: proximus Obenberger 1916: 269; Kubáň 2006: 49 (synonym of morawitzi). synonym: turkestanicus Obenberger 1924c: 33; Kubáň 2006: 49 (synonym of morawitzi). misidentification: subulatus Auct. (not Morawitz, 1861) Bílý 1999: 31, 2003: 64. [subgenus Meliboeus].</p><p>Immatures: Bílý 1999: 31 (as subulatus Morawitz).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 64 (as subulatus).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Kasakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Note. Probably misidentification with M. caucasicus Abeille de Perrin 1896, M. reitteri (Semenov, 1890) or M. subulatus (Morawitz, 1861) .</p><p>Meliboeus oliveri Niehuis 2014c: 94 .</p><p>[subgenus Meliboeoides].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kermanshahan, Khorasan, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad, Lorestan, Qazvin, Tehran (Niehuis 2014c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Cyprus, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Niehuis 2014c).</p><p>Meliboeus parvulus (Küster) 1852: 63 ( Coraebus); Bílý 1983a: 85; Kubáň 2006: 413; Bellamy 2008c: 1861. synonym: chalybaeus (Küster) 1852: 64 ( Coraebus).</p><p>synonym: violaceus (Kiesenwetter) 1857: 115 ( Coraebus); Bílý 1983a: 85 (subspecies of amethystinus). misidentification: amethystinus: auctorum (not Olivier, 1790) Radjabi 1968: 71; Modarres Awal 1997: 137; Borumand 2002: 49.</p><p>[subgenus Meliboeoides].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1988: 3 (as amethystinus).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan, Ilam (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as amethystinus), Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a, as amethystinus violaceus), Lorestan (Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002, as amethystinus), Mazandaran (Bílý 1983a, as amethystinus violaceus), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Note. Some records may refer to M. oliveri Niehuis (see above), M. simandli Niehuis or M. scalei Niehuis (see below).</p><p>Meliboeus reitteri (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij) 1890: 211 ( Coraebus); Bílý 1983a: 85; Kubáň 2006: 414; Bellamy 2008c: 1864.</p><p>synonym: pamirensis Obenberger 1935a: 15; Kubáň 2006: 49 (synonym of reitteri). synonym: zaisanensis Obenberger 1935a: 16; Kubáň 2006: 49 (synonym of reitteri). synonym: klapperichi Cobos 1966: 318.</p><p>[subgenus Meliboeus].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1988: 6.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kerman (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006).</p><p>Note. Records for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey in Bellamy (2008c) most probably refer to M. caucasicus Abeille de Perrin 1896 which may occur in North-western provinces of Iran.</p><p>Meliboeus robustus Küster 1852: 62; Radjabi 1968: 71, 1976: 128; Bílý 1983a: 85; Modarres Awal 1997: 138; Borumand 2002: 49; Kubáň 2006: 413; Bellamy 2008c: 1864.</p><p>[subgenus Meliboeoides].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1988: 4.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Ardabil, East Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Fars (Radjabi 1968, ab. obscurus Zhicharev, 1976; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Hormozgan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002), Mazandaran, Qazvin (Borumand 2002), Tehran (Bílý 1983a), West Azarbaijan (Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Meliboeus simandli Niehuis 2014b: 85 .</p><p>[subgenus Meliboeoides].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Isfahan, Lorestan, Markazi, Tehran (Niehuis 2014b).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p><p>Meliboeus skalei Niehuis 2011: 90 .</p><p>[subgenus Meliboeoides].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Golestan, Mazandaran, Semnan (Niehuis 2011). Distribution outside Iran. Syria, Turkey (Niehuis 2011).</p><p>Meliboeus staneki Obenberger 1935a: 16; Kubáň 2006: 415; Bellamy 2008c: 1867. [subgenus Meliboeus].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c).</p><p>Meliboeus ursulae Niehuis 2014a: 76 .</p><p>[subgenus Meliboeoides].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Tehran (Niehuis 2014a). Distribution outside Iran. None recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFACFFC6CDD1FE7A2646A5CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFAEFFC6CDD1FCE224E4A356.text	03D63243FFAEFFC6CDD1FCE224E4A356.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clema	<div><p>Genus CLEMA Semenov-Tian-Shankij, 1900</p><p>Clema deserti Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1900: 592; Bílý 1983a: 84; Kubáň 2006: 408; Bellamy 2008c: 1887. synonym: candida (Zubkov) 1833: 318 ( Buprestis).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981 (with bibliography).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008c; Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. China, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, UAE (Bellamy 2008c; Bílý et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFAEFFC6CDD1FCE224E4A356	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFAEFFCFCDD1FB2B265FA335.text	03D63243FFAEFFCFCDD1FB2B265FA335.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrilus Curtis 1825	<div><p>Genus AGRILUS Curtis, 1825</p><p>synonym: Paradomorphus Waterhouse 1887 . synonym: Samboides Kerremans 1900 .</p><p>synonym: Sarawakita Obenberger 1924 .</p><p>synonym: Callichitones Obenberger 1931 . synonym: Therysambus Descarpentries &amp; Villiers 1967 . synonym: Wallaceilus Holynski 2003.</p><p>Agrilus albogularis Gory 1841: 235; Jendek 2006: 395; Bellamy 2008d: 1956; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 235. synonym: sieversi Abeille de Perrin 1897: 28 (variety of zigzag Marseul 1866); Jendek 2006: 396 (synonym of zigzag); Bellamy 2008d: 2367 (synonym of zigzag); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 235 (synonym of albogularis). [subgenus Xeragrilus; albogularis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1960: 1509, 1961: 9, 1981b: 79; Bílý 1999: 37.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 10.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,? Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan,? Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldavia, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus angustulus (Illiger) 1803: 240 ( Buprestis); Jendek 2006: 391; Bellamy 2008d: 1965. synonym: olivaceus (Gyllenhal) 1808: 454 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: laetefrons Mannerheim 1837: 114.</p><p>synonym: rugicollis (Ratzeburg) 1837: 55 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: laeticeps Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1891: 342.</p><p>synonym: semenovi Kerremans 1892: 271 (nomen novum for laeticeps Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1890, superfluous name).</p><p>[subgenus Quercuagrilus; sulcicollis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Ratzeburg 1837: 54; Perris 1875: 385, 1877: 127; Alexeev 1964b: 20, 1981b: 73; Molino-Olmedo 1998b: 29; Bílý 1999: 35.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 11.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius) 1777: 237 ( Buprestis); Davatchi et al. 1959: 247; Farahbakhsh 1960: 71; Adeli 1972: 10; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 89; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Jendek 2006: 390; Bellamy 2008d: 1997; Barimani et al. 2009: 66, 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: pannonicus (Piller &amp; Mitterpacher) 1783: 37 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: subfasciatus (Ménétriés) 1832: 153 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: morosus Gory &amp; Laporte 1837: 35.</p><p>[subgenus Anambus; biguttatus species group].</p><p>Immatures: Ratzeburg 1837: 57; Goureau 1843: 23; Schiødte 1870: 360, 374; Alexeev 1960: 1506, 1961: 5, 1981b: 68; Bílý 1999: 33.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 13.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Oak ( Quercus sp., Fagaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984, Modarres Awal 1997, dry wood).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), northern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia,? Denmark, Estonia, France, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldavia, Morocco, the Netherlands,? Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Switerland Turkey, Ukraine (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus chlorophyllus Abeille de Perrin 1904: 223; Jendek 2006: 397; Bellamy 2008d: 2025; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 59.</p><p>synonym: esfandiarinus Davatchi 1958: 68 (subspecies of viridicaerulans); Davatchi et al. 1959: 248, Salavatian 1950: 11 (subspecies of viridicaerulans; author Obenberger nomen nudum); Farahbakhsh 1960: 71 (subspecies of viridicaerulans); Radjabi 1968: 70, 1976: 128; Adeli 1972: 10 (subspecies of viridicaerulans); Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 66 (subspecies of viridicerulans); Modarres Awal 1997: 132 (subspecies of viridicaerulans); Abivardi 2001: 675, 678; Borumand 2002: 50 (subspecies of viridicaerulans).</p><p>synonym: pistaciophagus Alexeev &amp; Kulinitsh 1962: 92; Jendek 2006: 394; Bellamy 2008d: 2237; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 59 (synonym of chlorophyllus).</p><p>[subgenus Rosagrilus; roscidus species group].</p><p>Immatures: Davatchi 1958: 68, Davatchi et al. 1959: 248 (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus); Alexeev &amp; Kulinitsh 1962: 94 (as pistaciophagus).</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Davatchi 1958: 68; Balachowsky et al. 1962: 298 (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus). Host plant(s) within Iran. Pistacia sp. ( Anacardiaceae) (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus Obenberger) (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi 1958; Davatchi et al. 1959, Salavatian 1950; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997); Pistacia mutica (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus) (Davatchi 1958; Farahbakhsh 1960; Balachowsky et al. 1962); P. vera (Farahbakhsh 1960, as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968, 1976; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011, as chlorophyllus), Kerman (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus) (Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Kordestan, Zanjan and most other pistachio planting areas (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus) (Modarres Awal 1997), Qazvin (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus) (Salavatian 1950; Davatchi et al. 1959; Farahbakhsh 1960; Radjabi 1968; Borumand 2002), central Iran (as viridicaerulans esfandiarinus) (Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Kyrgyzstan, Israel, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Agrilus cuprescens (Ménétriés) 1832: 154 ( Buprestis); Jendek 2006: 388; Bellamy 2008d: 2046; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 65.</p><p>synonym: aurichalceus Redtenbacher 1849: 286.</p><p>synonym: proximus Rey 1891b: 19.</p><p>synonym: egenus Abeille de Perrin 1895b: cxxii.</p><p>synonym: lacrymans Abeille de Perrin 1895d: cclxxiv.</p><p>synonym: epistomalis Abeille de Perrin 1897: 13.</p><p>synonym: foveolatus Abeille de Perrin 1897: 15.</p><p>synonym: obtusus Abeille de Perrin 1897: 15.</p><p>synonym: rubicola Abeille de Perrin 1897: 15.</p><p>synonym: calcicola Obenberger 1916: 271.</p><p>synonym: krasai Obenberger 1924c: 40.</p><p>synonym: communis Obenberger 1924c: 41 .</p><p>synonym: mokrzeckii Obenberger 1927g: 204.</p><p>synonym: altaicola Obenberger 1935c: 168.</p><p>synonym: kuznecovi Obenberger 1935c: 169.</p><p>synonym: kuznecovinus Obenberger 1936a: 1038.</p><p>synonym: obtusifera Schaefer 1949: 402.</p><p>[subgenus Agrilus; viridis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1960: 1508 (as chrysoderes), 1961: 7, 1981b: 76; Bílý 1999: 34 (as aurichalceus). Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 15.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Guilan (Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldavia, Mongolia, the Netherlands, North America (introduced), Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Agrilus derasofasciatus Lacordaire in Boisduval &amp; Lacordaire 1835: 613; Davatchi 1958: 69; Jendek 2006: 391; Bellamy 2008d: 2064; Barimani et al. 2009: 67, 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: hungerbuehleri Pochon 1963: 69.</p><p>[subgenus Quercuagrilus; sulcicollis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1851 teste Perris 1877: 132; Alexeev 1964b: 22, 1981b: 72; Bílý 1999: 35. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 17.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,? Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Macedonia, Madeira, Malta, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine; introduced: U.S.A. (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus desertus (Klug) 1829: No. 14 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 84; Jendek 2006: 391; Bellamy 2008d: 2066; Bílý et al. 2011: 211.</p><p>[subgenus Diplolophotus].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acacia flava (Fabaceae) (larva) (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d, Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lybia, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d; Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Agrilus graminis Kiesenwetter 1857: 137; Jendek 2006: 392; Bellamy 2008d: 2112; Barimani et al. 2009: 67, 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: verticalis Abeille de Perrin 1895b: cxxvi.</p><p>synonym: reitteri Abeille de Perrin 1897: 16.</p><p>synonym: barbatus Abeille de Perrin 1897: 34; Jendek 2006: 392 (synonym of hastulifer); 2007: 90 (synonym of graminis, lectotype).</p><p>synonym: cervicornis Abeille de Perrin 1897: 35; Jendek 2006: 391; 2007: 90 (synonym of graminis). synonym: talyschensis Obenberger 1917c: 215; Jendek 2006: 402, 2007: 90 (synonym of graminis, lectotype). synonym: disparicornis Bedel 1921: 216 (nomen novum for graminis Gory &amp; Laporte 1837). synonym: akbesinus Obenberger 1924c: 50 (variety of disparicornis).</p><p>synonym: mamorensis Théry 1930b: 446 (subspecies of disparicornis); Jendek 2006: 392 (subspecies of graminis); 2007: 90 (synonym of graminis, lectotype).</p><p>synonym: armenus Obenberger 1936b: 106; Jendek 2006: 396, 2007: 90 (synonym of graminis, lectotype). [subgenus Quercuagrilus; sulcicollis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Xambeu 1903: 79; Alexeev 1960: 1509, 1961: 8, 1981b: 74; Bílý 1999: 35. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 17.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus hastulifer (Ratzeburg) 1837: 54 ( Buprestis), 1839a: 9; Davatchi et al. 1959: 247; Farahbakhsh 1960: 71; Adeli 1972: 10; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Jendek 2006: 392; Bellamy 2008d: 2122; Barimani et al. 2009: 67; Abaei 2014: 691 (as A. lustifer Rhet. [sic!]).</p><p>synonym: aladaghensis Obenberger 1918b: 24; Bílý 1983a: 83 (subspecies of hastulifer); Borumand 2002: 50; Jendek 2006: 392 (subspecies of hastulifer); 2007: 90 (synonym of hastulifer, lectotype).</p><p>[subgenus Quercuagrilus; sulcicollis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1877: 147; Zverezomb-Zubovskii 1914: 19; Alexeev 1964b: 22, 1981b: 74; Bílý 1999: 35. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 18, 19.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Qurcus sp., Fagus sp. ( Fagaceae) (Davatchi et al. 1959); Quercus sp., Alnus sp., Carpinus sp. ( Betulaceae) (Adeli 1972); Alder ( Alnus sp., Betulaceae), Oak ( Quercus sp.) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Borumand 2002), Mazandaran (as aladaghensis) (Bílý 1983a; Barimani et al. 2009), Northern Iran (Davatchi et al. 1959), Kaspische Wälder (Adeli 1972), Zagros area (Abaei 2014), Iran (no locality cited) (Modarres Awal 1997; Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France,? Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus hyperici (Creutzer) 1799: 122 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 84; Jendek 2006: 395; Bellamy 2008d: 2129; Barimani et al. 2009: 67, 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: prasinus Mulsant &amp; Rey 1863a, b: 17; Jendek 2006: 395 (as species); 2007: 90 (synonym of hyperici). synonym: impressus Rey 1891b: 20 (preoccupied by impressus Chevrolat 1835). synonym: modestulus Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1895b: 247.</p><p>synonym: albaniae Obenberger 1922: 66.</p><p>synonym: trinacriae Obenberger 1924c: 52; Jendek 2006: 402, 2007: 90 (synonym of hyperici). synonym: reyellus Obenberger 1936a: 1000 (nomen novum for impressus Rey 1891). synonym: hofferi Obenberger 1936b: 111.</p><p>[subgenus Spiragrilus; hyperici species group].</p><p>Immatures: Perris 1875: 406; 1877: 148; Alexeev 1964b: 24, 1981b: 75.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 19.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Bílý 1983a), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Australia (introduced), Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,? Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, USA (introduced) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus lineola Kiesenwetter 1857: 147; Jendek 2006: 389; Bellamy 2008d: 2166. synonym: hermineus Abeille de Perrin 1907b: li; Bílý 1983a: 84; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 26; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Borumand 2002: 50.</p><p>synonym: rumanicus Obenberger 1924c: 48.</p><p>[subgenus Agrilus; viridis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1961: 8, 1960: 1507, 1981b: 76; Bílý 1999: 34.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 21.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Hornbeam ( Carpinus sp., Betulaceae), sapwood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997, as hermineus).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Khorasan (Bílý 1983a, as hermineus; Borumand 2002), Mazandaran, Qazvin (Borumand 2002), northern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997, as hermineus). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Austria, Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldavia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Note. Records for A. hermineus in Iran probably refer to A. lineola shamyl Obenberger, 1922 occurring in adjacent areas of Armenia and Turkmenistan (Volkovitsh &amp; Alexeev 1994). Records for Carpinus as a host plant in Abai &amp; Adeli (1984) and Modarres Awal (1997) are most probably based on misidentification; A. lineola is associated with Salix spp. ( Salicaceae).</p><p>Agrilus lituratus (Klug) 1829: No. 13 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 83; Jendek 2006: 391; Bellamy 2008d: 2168; Bílý et al. 2011: 212.</p><p>synonym: kiesenwetteri Pic 1894: 71 .</p><p>[subgenus Micragrilus].</p><p>Immatures: Mateu 1974: 281.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Mateu 1974: 283.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Acacia flava (Fabaceae) (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Bushehr, Hormozgan, Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d; Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d; Bílý et al. 2011).</p><p>* Agrilus lopatini Alexeev 1964a: 11; Bílý 1983a: 84; Jendek 2006: 395; Bellamy 2008d: 2170. [subgenus Spiragrilus].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Tajikistan (Jendek 2006).</p><p>Note. The records for Iran probably refer to A. araxenus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1960 occurring in adjacent areas of Transcaucasia and Turkmenistan; the records for Georgia and Turkmenistan in Bellamy (2008d) are also possibly refer to the same species.</p><p>Agrilus obscuricollis Kieswetter 1857: 144; Jendek 2006: 392; Bellamy 2008d: 2208; Barimani et al. 2010: 131; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 143.</p><p>synonym: foveola Rey 1891b: 19.</p><p>synonym: reyi Bauduer 1878: 83.</p><p>synonym: savalae Stark 1953: 300.</p><p>[subgenus Quercuagrilus; sulcicollis species group].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 22.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Malta, Macedonia, Moldavia, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Jendek 2006; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Agrilus pecirkai Obenberger 1916: 273; Jendek 2006: 389; Bellamy 2008d: 2228; Ghahari et al. 2008: 638; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 147; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 41.</p><p>[subgenus Agrilus; viridis species group].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Makhnovskij 1959: 32 (as chrysoderes); Kadyrov 1976: 52 (as pecsikoi). Host plant(s) within Iran. Oak, Quercus rotundifolia (Fagaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008), Prunus persica Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Rosa sp. ( Rosaceae) (Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Khorasan (Ghahari et al. 2008), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Jendek 2006; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Note. Some records for the host plants are probably based on misidentification. This species have never been recorded from Quercus spp. or Prunus spp. outside Iran.</p><p>Agrilus pratensis (Ratzeburg) 1837: 56 ( Buprestis); Jendek 2006: 393; Bellamy 2008d: 2243; Barimani et al. 2009: 67, 2010: 131; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 158.</p><p>synonym: robertii Chevrolat 1838a: 89.</p><p>synonym: pseudocoeruleus Obenberger 1930a: 112.</p><p>synonym: praeclarus Krogerus 1925: 75 (variety of robertii); Jendek 2006: 393 (subspecies of pratensis); Bellamy 2008d: 2245 (subspecies of pratensis); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 159 (synonym of pratensis). synonym: djukini Obenberger 1935c: 169 (subspecies of robertii); Jendek 2006: 393 (subspecies of pratensis); Bellamy 2008d: 2244 (subspecies of pratensis); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 159 (synonym of pratensis). synonym: chankae Obenberger 1935c: 169 (subspecies of betuleti); Jendek 2006: 393 (synonym of pratensis djukini); Bellamy 2008d: 2245 (subspecies of pratensis djukini); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 159 (synonym of pratensis).</p><p>synonym: fennicus Obenberger 1936a: 1029 (unnecessary replacement name for praeclarus); Jendek 2006: 393 (synonym of pratensis praeclarus); Bellamy 2008d: 2245 (subspecies of pratensis); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 159 (synonym of pratensis).</p><p>[subgenus Robertius; betuleti species group].</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 23.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Golestan (Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg Macedonia, Moldavia, Mongolia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Agrilus purpuratus (Klug) 1829: No. 12 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 84; Jendek 2006: 391; Bellamy 2008d: 2255. [subgenus Duttus].</p><p>Immatures: Mateu 1974: 244.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Mateu 1974: 273.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Acacia flava (Fabaceae) (larva) (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Hormozgan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lybia, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, Yemen (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus roscidus Kiesenwetter 1857: 127; Bílý 1983a: 83 (as roscidus sieversi); Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Borumand 2002: 50 (as roscidus sieversi); Jendek 2006: 394; Bellamy 2008d: 2268; Havaskary et al. 2012: 1; Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012: 41.</p><p>synonym: ascendens Abeille de Perrin 1895b: cxxv.</p><p>synonym: alticola Abeille de Perrin 1897: 8 (variety of roscidus).</p><p>synonym: willcocksi Théry 1914: 129.</p><p>synonym: graecus Obenberger 1916: 275.</p><p>synonym: affectans Obenberger 1923b: 86.</p><p>synonym: subroscidus Obenberger 1924c: 54.</p><p>synonym: satunini Obenberger 1936b: 110 (variety of roscidus).</p><p>synonym: schevyrevi Stark 1955: 786.</p><p>[subgenus Rosagrilus, roscidus species-group].</p><p>Immatures: Xambeu 1893b: 93; Alexeev 1960: 1509, 1961: 7, 1981b: 81; Bílý 1999: 35. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 25.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Pistacia atlantica (Anacardiaceae) (Bílý 1983a), peach, apricot, plum, garden plum, cherry ( Prunus spp.), pear ( Pyrus sp.), almond ( Amygdalus sp., Rosaceae) (Modarres Awal 1997), Pyrus communis (Rosaceae) (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Havaskary et al. 2012), Fars, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002, as roscidus sieversi), Hamadan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Markazi, Tehran, Zanjan (Modarres Awal 1997), West Azarbaijan (Ghahari &amp; Bellamy 2012), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Malta, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus sericans Kiesenwetter 1857: 127; Bílý 1983a: 84; Jendek 2006: 396; Bellamy 2008d: 2287; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 235.</p><p>synonym: sericarius Abeille de Perrin 1897: 25; Jendek 2006: 401; Bellamy 2008d: 2288; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 235 (synonym of sericans).</p><p>synonym: daghestanicus Obenberger 1930a: 109; Jendek 2006: 397; Bellamy 2008d: 2057; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 235 (synonym of sericans).</p><p>[subgenus Xeragrilus; albogularis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev 1960: 1509, 1961: 9, 1981b: 77; Bílý 1999: 37. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 26.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Bílý 1983a; Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus sinuatus (Olivier) 1790: 74 ( Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 71; Adeli 1972: 10; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 47, 58, 111 (as Acmaeodera [sic!]); Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Jendek 2006: 394; Bellamy 2008d: 2295. synonym: chryseis Curtis 1825: 67.</p><p>[subgenus Sinuatiagrilus; sinuatus species group].</p><p>Immatures: Xambeu 1893b: 91; Banks 1902: 40; Alexeev 1960: 1506, 1961: 6, 1981b: 69; Bílý 1999: 33. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 26.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Quercus sp. ( Fagaceae) and fruit trees (Adeli 1972); Apple ( Malus sp.), medlar ( Mespilus sp.), pear ( Pyrus sp.), quince ( Cydonia sp.), sorb-tree ( Sorbus sp.), white hawthorn ( Crataegus sp., Rosaceae), ash ( Fraxinus sp., Oleaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Fraxinus spp., bark and sapwood, Mespilus germanica, sapwood, Sorbus spp., trunk and branches (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984). Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, central provinces (Farahbakhsh 1960; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984), northern and central provinces (Adeli 1972; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg Macedonia, Mongolia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,? Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine; introduced: U.S.A. (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Note. This species is associated with Rosaceae; records for Fraxinus spp. and Quercus spp. are doubtful.</p><p>Agrilus vaginalis Abeille de Perrin 1897: 26; Jendek 2006: 395; Bellamy 2008d: 2343. synonym: niveifrons Abeille de Perrin 1897: 27 (variety of vaginalis).</p><p>[subgenus Spiragrilus].</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus validiusculus Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1891: 341; Bílý 1983a: 84; Jendek 2006: 390; Bellamy 2008d: 2343. [subgenus Aridagrilus].</p><p>Immatures: Alexeev et al. 1991: 19.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Kaplin 1981: 48 (with bibliography).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus venosus Gory &amp; Laporte 1837: 28; Jendek 2006: 389; Bellamy 2008d: 2345. synonym: rothschildi (Théry) 1909: 442 ( Agrilomorpha).</p><p>synonym: strandi (Obenberger) 1931: 6 ( Agrilomorpha).</p><p>synonym: tassii (Cobos) 1962: 3 ( Agrilomorpha, subspecies of rothschildi); Bílý 1983a: 85 ( Agrilomorpha, subspecies of rotschildi [sic!]); Jendek 2006: 389 (synonym of venosus). [subgenus Agrilomorpha].</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Reared from Acacia flava (Fabaceae) (larva) (Bílý 1983a). Distribution within Iran. Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (as Agrilomorpha rotschildi tassii) (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Algeria, Benin, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Agrilus viridis (Linnaeus) 1758: 410 ( Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 71; Adeli 1972: 10; Adeli &amp; Soleimani 1976: 134; Bílý 1983a: 83; Abai &amp; Adeli 1984: 10, 15, 41, 89; Modarres Awal 1997: 132; Jendek 2006: 389; Bellamy 2008d: 2352; Barimani et al. 2009: 66, 2010: 131; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 218. synonym: rosaceus (Scopoli) 1763: 61 ( Mordella).</p><p>synonym: serraticornis (Scopoli) 1763: 61 ( Mordella).</p><p>synonym: linearis (Fabricius) 1793: 213 ( Buprestis, preoccupied by linearis Linnaeus 1758). synonym: linearis (Schrank 1781): 197 ( Buprestis) (homonym of linearis Linnaeus). synonym: lineatus (Schrank, 1782): 168 ( Buprestis) (replacement name for linearis Schrank; homonym). synonym: bicolor (Schrank) 1798: 603 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: filiformis (Herbst) 1801: 313 ( Buprestis) (replacement name for linearis Schrank). synonym: fagi (Ratzeburg) 1837: 56 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: nocivus (Ratzeburg) 1837: 56 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: capreae (Chevrolat) 1838: 56 ( Buprestis).</p><p>synonym: aubei Gory &amp; Laporte 1837: 44.</p><p>synonym: distinguendus Gory &amp; Laporte 1837: 44.</p><p>synonym: viridipennis Gory &amp; Laporte 1837: 45.</p><p>synonym: littlei Curtis 1840: 365.</p><p>synonym: bicolor Redtenbacher 1849: 287 .</p><p>synonym: quercinus Redtenbacher 1849: 285.</p><p>synonym: darwinii Wollaston 1857: 82.</p><p>synonym: imbellis Kerremans 1892: 215.</p><p>synonym: brevitarsis Lewis 1893: 336; Jendek 2006: 397; Bellamy 2008d: 2008; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 223 (synonym of viridis).</p><p>synonym: indulgens Kerremans 1897: 76.</p><p>synonym: rudis Abeille de Perrin 1897: 13.</p><p>synonym: importunus Kerremans 1903: 287 (replacement name for imbellis Kerremans); Bellamy 2008d: 2008; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 223 (synonym of viridis).</p><p>synonym: lewisi Kerremans 1903: 287 (unnecessary replacement name for brevitarsis Lewis); Jendek 2006: 397 (synonym of brevitarsis); Bellamy 2008d: 2008 (synonym of brevitarsis); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 223 (synonym of viridis).</p><p>synonym: montanellus Obenberger 1916: 270 (variety of viridis), 272 (subspecies of viridis). synonym: gebleri Obenberger 1924c: 42; Jendek 2006: 389; Bellamy 2008d: 2106; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 223 (synonym of viridis).</p><p>synonym: caenus Obenberger 1924c: 40 (subspecies of viridis).</p><p>synonym: poppiusi Obenberger 1924c: 40 (subspecies of viridis); Jendek 2006: 389; Bellamy 2008d: 2358; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 223 (synonym of viridis).</p><p>synonym: melantatus Obenberger 1924c: 40 (subspecies of viridis).</p><p>synonym: krogerusi Obenberger 1924c: 41 (subspecies of viridis).</p><p>synonym: brydli Obenberger 1924c: 41; Jendek 2006: 397; Bellamy 2008d: 2009; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 224 (synonym of viridis).</p><p>synonym: cernyi Obenberger 1925b: 59.</p><p>synonym: vernadskii Obenberger 1927c: 15.</p><p>synonym: kiricenkoi Obenberger 1935c: 166; Jendek 2006: 388 (synonym of attila); Bellamy 2008d: 1982 (synonym of attila); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 224 (synonym of viridis). synonym: transbaicalensis Obenberger 1935c: 166; Jendek 2006: 389; Bellamy 2008d: 2332; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 224 (synonym of viridis).</p><p>synonym: pusztae Obenberger 1936b: 108.</p><p>synonym: towadensis Miwa &amp; Chûjô 1940: 61; Jendek 2006: 397 (subspecies of brevitarsis); Bellamy 2008d: 2008 (subspecies of brevitarsis); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 224 (synonym of viridis). synonym: salicivola Kurosawa 1963: 106 (subspecies of suvorovi); Jendek 2006: 401 (as species); Bellamy 2008d: 2277 (as species); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 224 (synonym of viridis). synonym: cojbalsanensis Cobos 1968: 404; Jendek 2006: 389 (synonym of transbaicalensis); Bellamy 2008d: 2332 (synonym of transbaicalensis); Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011: 224 (synonym of viridis).</p><p>[subgenus Agrilus; viridis species group].</p><p>Immatures: Aubé 1837: 189 (as aubei); Ratzeburg 1837: 56 (as nocivus); Gory &amp; Laporte 1840: 4; Kollar 1858: 325; Perris 1851 teste Perris 1877: 132 (as viridipennis); Perris 1877: 147 (as nocivus); Kangas 1947: 107; Basurmanova 1958: 1039; Alexeev 1960: 1508, 1961: 9, 1981b: 77; Bílý 1999: 35.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 28.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Fagus sp., Quercus sp., Acer sp. (Adeli 1972);? Fagus orientalis ssp. macrophylla ( Fagaceae) (Adeli &amp; Soleimani 1976); Alder ( Alnus sp.), beach ( Betula sp.), gooseberry ( Ribes sp., Grossulariaceae), maple ( Acer sp., Aceraceae), oak ( Quercus sp., Fagaceae), pistachio ( Pistacia sp., Anacardiaceae), poplar ( Populus sp.), willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae) (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997); Acer sp. ( Aceraceae), Alnus sp. ( Betulaceae), Fagus orientalis, Quercus spp. ( Fagaceae), sapwood, bark, dry wood (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Guilan (Bílý 1983a), "Kaspische Wälder" (Adeli 1972), Kerman (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Qazvin (Farahbakhsh 1960), Zanjan, northern provinces (Abai &amp; Adeli 1984; Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madeira Archipelago, Moldavia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Jendek 2006; Bellamy 2008d; Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011).</p><p>Note. The records of some host plants in Farahbakhsh (1960), Adeli (1972), Adeli &amp; Soleimani (1976) and Modarres Awal (1997) probably resulted from misidentifications with A. ribesi Schaefer (Ribes), A. chlorophyllus Abeille de Perrin ( Pistacia), A. suvorovi Obenberger (Populus) (Jendek &amp; Grebennikov 2011), and some species from subgenus Quercuagrilus ( Quercus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFAEFFCFCDD1FB2B265FA335	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFA7FFCFCDD1FB0C24D6A027.text	03D63243FFA7FFCFCDD1FB0C24D6A027.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphanisticus Latreille 1810	<div><p>Genus APHANISTICUS Latreille, 1810</p><p>synonym: Goniophthalma Chevrolat 1838 .</p><p>Aphanisticus emarginatus (Olivier) 1790: 84 ( Buprestis); Bílý 1983a: 85; Borumand 2002: 51; Kubáň 2006: 405; Bellamy 2008d: 2397.</p><p>synonym: coriaceus Rey 1891c: 27.</p><p>synonym: aetnensis Abeille de Perrin 1897: 32; Kubáň 2006: 45 (synonym of emarginatus), 405. Immatures: Perris 1875: 407, 1877: 149.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 44.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Juncus sp. ( Juncaceae) (Bílý 1983a).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Lorestan (Bílý 1983a; Borumand 2002), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan,? Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,? Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Morocco, the Netherlands,? Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,? Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFA7FFCFCDD1FB0C24D6A027	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFA7FFD0CDD1F8BB2563A4ED.text	03D63243FFA7FFD0CDD1F8BB2563A4ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracylindromorphus Thery 1930	<div><p>Genus PARACYLINDROMORPHUS Théry, 1930</p><p>synonym: Agrilomorphus Portevin 1931 .</p><p>Paracylindromorphus subuliformis (Mannerheim) 1837: 117 ( Agrilus); Kubáň 2006: 407; Bellamy 2008d: 2454. synonym: tauricus (Gory) 1841: 269 ( Agrilus).</p><p>Immatures: Schaefer 1951: 68; Bílý 1999: 37.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 67.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Paracylindromorphus transversicollis (Reitter) 1913: 657 ( Cylindromorphus); Bílý 1983a: 86; Borumand 2002: 51; Kubáň 2006: 407; Bellamy 2008d: 2455; Sakenin et al. 2008: 31.</p><p>synonym: magnus (Obenberger) 1929a: 123 ( Cylindromorphus); Kubáň 2006: 49 (synonym of transversicollis transversicollis).</p><p>Immatures: Bílý 1983b: 68.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. (Adult) Phragmites australis (Bílý 1983a); Amygdalus communis (Rosaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Ardabil (Sakenin et al. 2008), Kerman (Borumand 2002), Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Note. The record of Amygdalus as a host plant of this species (Sakenin et al. 2008) based on misidentification; all species of Paracylindromorphus are associated with herbaceous vegetation, this species is particularly associated with Phragmites .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFA7FFD0CDD1F8BB2563A4ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFB8FFD1CDD1FB442022A0F7.text	03D63243FFB8FFD1CDD1FB442022A0F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachys Fabricius 1801	<div><p>Genus TRACHYS Fabricius, 1801</p><p>synonym: Phytotera Gistel 1856 .</p><p>* Trachys koenigi Reitter 1890c: 146; Bílý 1983a: 86; Kubáň 2006: 419; Bellamy 2008d: 2495. synonym: utschderensis Obenberger 1918a: 56.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Russia (Kubáň 2006).</p><p>Note. Record for Iran in Bílý (1983a) is doubtful; this species occurs in the Northern Caucasus.</p><p>Trachys minutus (Linnaeus) 1758: 410 ( Buprestis); Farahbakhsh 1960: 76; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Kubáň 2006: 419; Bellamy 2008d: 2501; Barimani et al. 2009: 67.</p><p>synonym: mandjuricus Obenberger 1917c: 218.</p><p>synonym: reflexiformis Obenberger 1918a: 46, 65.</p><p>Immatures: Heyden 1862: 61; Marseul 1866: 507; Schiødte 1870: 360, 375; Obenberger 1918a: 45; Schaefer 1947: 166; Hering 1951:?; Yano 1952: 26; Bílý 1999: 41.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Maneval 1934: 115; Bílý 2003: 76.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Poplar ( Populus sp.), willow ( Salix sp., Salicaceae), sometimes apple ( Malus sp.), sourcherry ( Prunus sp., Rosaceae), and other fruit trees (Farahbakhsh 1960; Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran. Alborz (Farahbakhsh 1960), East Azarbaijan, Guilan (Modarres Awal 1997), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009), Tehran (Modarres Awal 1997), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldavia, Mongolia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Note. The records of Malus and Prunus as the host plants of this species in Modarres Awal (1997) are doubtful.</p><p>Trachys phlyctaenoides Kolenati 1846: 35; Kubáň 2006: 420; Bellamy 2008d: 2509; Barimani et al. 2009: 67, 2010: 131.</p><p>synonym: transcaucasica Obenberger 1924c: 57, 420; Kubáň 2006: 50 (synonym of phlyctaenoides). synonym: iranica Obenberger 1937a: 43; Bílý 1983a: 86; Kubáň 2006: 50 (synonym of phlyctaenoides). Immatures: Zykov 1996: 1487.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. Fars, Khorasan, Kuhgiloyeh &amp; Boyerahmad (as iranica) (Bílý 1983a), Mazandaran (Barimani et al. 2009, 2010), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Note. The records for Bulgaria and Greece in Bellamy (2008d) are doubtful.</p><p>Trachys puncticollis Abeille de Perrin 1900: 14; Bílý 1983a: 86; Kubáň 2006: 420; Bellamy 2008d: 2514. Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 77 (subspecies rectilineata Abeille de Perrin 1900).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006, Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia (p. puncticollis) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>* Trachys quercicolus Marseul 1871: 80 (= 1872: 414); Radjabi 1968: 79; Modarres Awal 1997: 140; Borumand 2002: 51; Kubáň 2006: 420; Bellamy 2008d: 2514.</p><p>synonym: marseuli Brisout de Barneville 1874: lxx.</p><p>Immatures: Schaefer 1947c: 167.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 77.</p><p>Host plant(s) within Iran. Cold region fruit trees (Modarres Awal 1997). Distribution within Iran: Lorestan (Radjabi 1968; Modarres Awal 1997; Borumand 2002); Tehran (Borumand 2002).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Note. Most probably a misidentification; this species is known from Western Europe exclusively.</p><p>Trachys splendidulus Reitter 1890c: 146; Kubáň 2006: 420; Bellamy 2008d: 2522.</p><p>synonym: cavatus Abeille de Perrin 1895a: xxiii.</p><p>synonym: ebenipterus Obenberger 1918a: 52; Bílý 1983a: 86; Kubáň 2006: 50 (synonym of splendidulus). synonym: morgani Théry 1925: 81, 177; Kubáň 2006: 50 (synonym of splendidulus). Distribution within Iran. "Poucht-é-Kouch: Husseinabad" (Théry 1925, as morgani). Fars (as ebeniptera) (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Trachys troglodytes Gyllenhal in Schönherr 1817: 125; Bílý 1983a: 86; Kubáň 2006: 421; Bellamy 2008d: 2526. synonym: aenea Mannerheim 1837: 122 .</p><p>synonym: arbustorum Gistel 1857: 25; Kubáň 2006: 50 (synonym of troglodytes troglodytes). synonym: vehemens Gistel 1857: 43; Kubáň 2006: 50 (synonym of troglodytes troglodytes). synonym: puncticeps Abeille de Perrin 1900: 13.</p><p>Immatures: Schaefer 1947c: 166; Bílý 1999: 41.</p><p>Biology/Bionomy: Bílý 2003: 78.</p><p>Distribution within Iran. West Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a).</p><p>Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgia, Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Note. Bracon (Glabrobracon) obscurator Nees, 1811 ( Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) (2♀) were collected as the parasitoid of Trachys troglodytes in Ourmieh (West Azarbaijan province).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFB8FFD1CDD1FB442022A0F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
03D63243FFBAFFD2CDD1FF5A2709A6AA.text	03D63243FFBAFFD2CDD1FF5A2709A6AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habroloma C.G. Thomson 1864	<div><p>Genus HABROLOMA C.G. Thomson, 1864</p><p>Habroloma aureum Semenov-Tian-Shankij 1890: 212; Bílý 1983a: 86; Kubáň 2006: 416; Bellamy 2008d: 2539. synonym: reticulatum (Abeille de Perrin) 1900: 15 ( Trachys).</p><p>Distribution within Iran. East Azarbaijan (Bílý 1983a), Iran (no locality cited) (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan (Kubáň 2006; Bellamy 2008d).</p><p>Note. The record for Egypt in Bellamy (2008d) is doubtful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D63243FFBAFFD2CDD1FF5A2709A6AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ghahari, Hassan;Volkovitsh, Mark G.;Bellamy, Charles L.	Ghahari, Hassan, Volkovitsh, Mark G., Bellamy, Charles L. (2015): An annotated catalogue of the Buprestidae of Iran (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea). Zootaxa 3984 (1): 1-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3984.1.1
