taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D64F13FFCFD558FF1AFBDA2A0C3EE6.taxon	description	Moderately large sized flies, males 5.8 – 10.0 mm (n = 58), females 7.2 – 10.4 mm (n = 54). Male ocellar tubercle not raised above level of occiput. Male eyes holoptic (slightly separated medially) or dichoptic (separated by width of median ocellus, A. bimaculata (Cole). Frontal setae extending lateral to antennal base; black pubescent band absent lateral to antennal base. Face moderately projecting beyond eyes (0.14 mm). Antenna shorter than head length; scape cylindrical, longer than wide, over two times length of pedicel, subequal to or wider than flagellum, setae absent medially; pedicel wider than long, setae dark brown, short, absent medially; first flagellomere oval, tapering posteriorly, second flagellomere short, cylindrical, third flagellomere short, tapered apically, flagellum over two times longer than wide, longer than length of scape. Gena not sharply projecting ventrally, lacking anteroventral patch of short, brown setae. Postocular macrosetae in single row. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 4 np, 1 – 3 sa, 0 – 2 pa, 0 – 2 dc, 2 sc. Postpronotal lobe concolorous with mesonotum; setae white, elongate. Setae present on cervical sclerite (macrosetae absent), in and around central depression of prosternum, on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, scutellum, and metanepisternum; setae absent on proepimeron, anepimeron, and meron. Wing. Setulae absent on R 1. Cell cup closed, petiolate. Pterostigma brown, narrow. Legs. Metakatepisternum without setae. Coxae with setae on posterior half of middle coxa; hind coxa with papillate anterior projection. Male Terminalia. Tergite 8 (Figs. 1, 9, 18, 26 34, 43) dark brown, bilobed, anterior margin broadly concave, posterior margin deeply emarginate; setae reddish brown, elongate, separated medially on lateral lobes; median length 0.02 mm. Sternite 8 (Figs. 2, 10, 19, 27 35, 44) reduced, anterior margin truncate, rectangular, sides tapered posteriorly; posterior margin slightly emarginate medially. Epandrium (Figs. 1, 9, 18, 26 34, 43) dark brown, quadrate, sides broadly rounded; subequal to or longer medially than wide; anterior margin concave; posterolateral margins short, bluntly pointed; setae reddish brown. Cerci (Figs. 1, 9, 18, 26, 34, 43) free, expanded laterally; ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium and hypoproct. Hypoproct (Figs. 1, 9, 18, 26, 34, 43), posterior margin rounded, ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium and basal to apex of cerci; apicoventral area flat. Hypandrium (Figs. 2, 10, 19, 27, 35, 44) strap-like. Gonocoxite dark brown; ventral view (Figs. 2, 10, 19, 27, 35, 44) separated medially, quadrate to rectangular, inner gonocoxal process fused to gonocoxite, narrow, clavate; dorsal view gonocoxal apodeme narrow, not extending beyond anterior margin of gonocoxite; lateral view (Figs. 3, 11, 20, 28, 36, 45) oblong, posterior margin tapered to broad point; setae dark brown with several macrosetae posteriorly; ventral lobe (Figs. 2, 10, 19, 27, 35, 44) large, flattened laterally. Gonostylus (Figs. 2, 10, 12, 19, 21, 27, 35, 44) sinuate, occasionally with broad lateral expansion (A. falcata). Dorsal apodeme (Figs. 4, 13, 22, 29, 37, 46), broadly expanded laterally, anterior margin rounded; ventral apodeme (Figs. 5, 14, 23, 30, 38, 47) narrower than dorsal apodeme, anterior margin rounded, not extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Figs. 4, 13, 22, 29, 37, 46) tapered posteriorly, ventral view (Figs. 5, 14, 23, 30, 38, 47) accessory aedeagal process (AAP) narrow, tapered posteriorly, lacking apical spinous projections; ejaculatory apodeme dorsal view (Figs. 4, 13, 22, 29, 37, 46) narrow, slightly expanded anteriorly and posteriorly. Female terminalia. Sternite 8 oval, sides rounded, anterior margin with anteromedial projection; aedeagal guide dark brown, heavily sclerotized. Median lobe of tergite 9 setose. Furca (Figs. 8, 17, 25, 33, 42, 49) closed anteriorly and posteriorly, sides sinuate, anteromedial and posteromedial processes absent. Common spermathecal duct shorter than length of furca; spermathecal ducts originating from common spermathecal duct at junction of spermathecal sac. Two spermathecae. Species included. Acrosathe bimaculata (Cole) Acrosathe falcata Webb spec. nov. Acrosathe otiosa (Coquillett) Acrosathe pacifica (Cole) Acrosathe vanduzeei (Cole) Acrosathe vialis (Osten Sacken)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC1D554FF1AFB092BEE3A82.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 8, 50)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC1D554FF1AFB092BEE3A82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Acrosathe bimaculata is distinguished from other species of Nearctic Acrosathe in having the eyes dichoptic (separated by width of median ocellus), the ommatidia of equal size, and the frons with dark brown pubescence dorsally in the shape of two right-angled triangles separated medially by brownish gray pubescence. Females of A. bimaculata are similar to A. otiosa and A. vialis in having a pair of large, dark brown, pubescent circles dorsolaterally on the frons (Fig. 7). Acrosathe bimaculata and A. vialis are separated from A. otiosa in lacking a brown margin on the wing veins and cross-veins. It is separated from A. otiosa in having the scape wider than the flagellum and the furca (Fig. 8) quadrate, about as long as wide.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC1D554FF1AFB092BEE3A82.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.3 – 9.8, 8.1 mm. Head. Length 0.88 – 1.14, 1.00 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae dark brown, elongate. Eyes dichoptic, separated by width of median ocellus; ommatidia of equal size. Frons pubescence white, dense, dark brown on dorsal half in form of two right-angled triangles separated medially by brownish gray pubescence; setae white, elongate on ventral third. Antenna dark brown, scape pubescence gray; antenna / head length 0.75 – 0.90, 0.82; scape length 0.30 – 0.36, 0.32 mm, width 0.14 – 0.20, 0.18 mm, length / width 1.5 – 2.3, 1.8, scape / pedicel length 2.9 – 4.3, 3.3, scape / flagellum width 1.0 – 1.3, 1.2, setae white, elongate intermixed with dark brown, elongate setae which grade into dark brown macrosetae; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, width 0.12 – 0.18, 0.14 mm, length / width 0.4 – 0.8, 0.7; flagellum length 0.38 – 0.42, 0.39 mm, width 0.14 – 0.17, 0.15 mm, length / width 2.4 – 2.7, 2.5, flagellum / scape length 1.1 – 1.4, 1.2. Parafacial pubescence white; setae white in lateral band. Maxillary palpus brown; length 0.32 – 0.52, 0.41 mm, width 0.08 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, length / width 3.6 – 6.3, 4.2; setae white, elongate. Genal setae white, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate; dorsal macrosetae dark brown, scattered. Postocular macrosetae dark brown. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 4, 3 np, 1 – 2, 2 sa, 0 – 1, 1 pa, 0 – 1, 0 dc. Mesonotal pubescence brownish gray; vittae absent; setae white, elongate, subappressed intermixed with dark brown, erect setae. Prosternum setae white. Pleural pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale gray, veins and cross-veins brown with brown margin at fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, M 1 + 2, m-m, M 3, and CuA 1 (occasionally not apparent); cell m 3 closed at wing margin; length 5.5 – 6.5, 5.9 mm, width 1.7 – 2.2, 1.9 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.4, 3.2. Legs. Coxal pubescence silver, dense; setae white, elongate; apical macrosetae dark reddish brown, hindcoxa with 2 posterolateral macrosetae. Femora dark brown, pubescence light gray; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal setae white, appressed with yellowish brown setae on apical half. Tibiae reddish brown becoming darker on apical half. Tarsi dark brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed; lateral setae white, erect. Terminalia (MEI 012654). Dark brown, pubescence gray, dense. Tergite 8 (Fig. 1), setae dark brown. Sternite 8 (Fig. 2), rectangular, sides tapered posteriorly; posterior margin slightly emarginate medially; setae dark brown, continuous across posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 1), sides broadly rounded; longer medially than wide; posterolateral margin short, bluntly pointed; setae dark brown. Cerci (Fig. 1) ending distal to apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 1), posterior margin rounded, ending basal to apex of cerci. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 2) rectangular, medial margin straight then tapering posterolaterally to blunt point; setae dark brown with several dark brown macrosetae; lateral view (Fig. 3) oblong, posterior margin tapered to broad point. Gonostylus (as in Fig. 21). Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 4) broadly rounded laterally, narrowed anteriorly, anterior margin rounded; ventral apodeme (Fig. 5), narrow, clavate anteriorly, not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 4) tapered posteriorly, ventral view (Fig. 5) AAP short, narrow, tapered posteriorly, lateral view (Fig. 6) distiphallus directed posteroventrally, AAP short, pointed, extending posteriorly less than one-half length of distiphallus; ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 4) reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 4). Body length 8.9 – 9.8, 9.5 mm. Head. Length 1.10 – 1.12, 1.11 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense on ventral third, dorsal two – thirds yellowish brown with pair of dark brown pubescent circles (Fig. 7); setae dark brown, elongate dorsally. Antenna dark brown, pubescence white; antenna / head length 0.75 – 0.82, 0.77; scape length 0.35 – 0.40, 0.37 mm, width 0.17 – 0.20, 0.19 mm, length / width 1.8 – 2.0, 1.9, scape / pedicel length 3.5 – 4.0, 3.7, scape / flagellum 1.1 – 1.3, 1.2 width, setae white, elongate intermixed with dark brown, elongate setae which grade into dark brown macrosetae; pedicel length 0.10 mm, width 0.14 – 0.20, 0.17 mm, length / width 0.56 – 0.71, 0.62; flagellum length 0.38 – 0.40, 0.39 mm, width 0.15 – 0.18, 0.16 mm, length / width 2.1 – 2.5, 2.4, flagellum / scape length 1.0 – 1.1, 1.1. Maxillary palpus length 0.44 – 0.56, 0.51 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.12 mm, length / width 3.7 – 4.7, 4.4. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 pa, 0 – 1 (MEI 012653 has one dorsocentral macrosetae on left side). Mesonotum pubescence brownish gray; dorsocentral vitta dull brown, lateral vittae not evident. Wing. Length 6.7 – 7.5, 7.1 mm, width 2.2 – 2.5, 2.3 mm, length / width 3.0 – 3.2, 3.1. Cell m 3 closed, petiolate. Halter stalk dark brown, knob pale yellowish brown. Legs. Tibiae yellowish brown becoming darker apically. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed; lateral setae white erect. Terminalia (OSUC 0011206). Furca (Fig. 8), quadrate, narrowed posteriorly, anterolateral projection absent; length 0.60 mm, width 0.30 mm. FIGURES 9 – 17. Acrosathe falcata. 9. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 10. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 11. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 12. Gonostylus, dorsal view. 13. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 14. Aedeagus, ventral view. 15. Aedeagus, lateral view. 16. Female head, frontal view. 17. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AAP = accessory aedeagal process, C = cercus, CD = common duct, CSpD = common spermathecal duct, DA = dorsal apodeme, Dp = distiphallus, EA = ejaculatory apodeme, Epa = epandrium, F = furca, Gs = gonostylus, Gx = gonocoxite, H = hypandrium, Hpt = hypoproct, Igp = inner gonocoxal process, Sp = spermatheca, SpD = spermathecal duct, SpS = spermathecal sac, S 8 = sternite 8, T 8 = tergite 8, VA = ventral apodeme, VL = ventral lobe. Immature stages. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC1D554FF1AFB092BEE3A82.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Acrosathe bimaculata is known from North Carolina (Fig. 50). Habitats and Phenology. Adults of Acrosathe bimaculata has been hand-collected on sand in February through April. Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype female (MEI 170268) of Thereva bimaculata Cole (CUIC Type No. 569.1) is labeled " SW Foster Collector, Southern Pines, 4 – 6 1906 N. C. ". Other specimens.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC1D554FF1AFB092BEE3A82.taxon	materials_examined	UNITED STATES. NORTH CAROLINA. Bladen County. White Lake [34.6333, - 78.5000], 14. III. 1953, Fulton, B. B., 1 ♂ MEI 090144 (NCSU), sand. Moore County. Southern Pines [35.174, - 79.393], 11. IV. 1906, Foster, S. W., 2 ♀ MEI 075670 – 1 (CUIC); 14. IV. 1911, Manee, A. H., 1 ♀ MEI 012653 (ANSP); 8. IV. 1912, 1 ♂ MEI 100964 (MEIC); 9. IV. 1912, 1 ♂ MEI 113505, 1 ♀ 113504 (USNM); 10. IV. 1912, 1 ♂ OSUC 0011205 (OSU), 11. IV. 1912, 1 ♂ OSUC 0011206 (OSU); 14. IV. 1912, 1 ♂ OSUC 0011207 (OSU); 1. IV. 1913, 1 ♂ MEI 012654 (ANSP). Robeson County. Lumberton [34.618, - 79.009], 29. II. 1980, Marshall, S. A., 6 ♂ MEI 013513 (MEIC), 013516 (INHS), 013512, 013514 – 5, 013517 (DEBU).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC2D552FF1AFE012AFD3916.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Falcatus (Latin) = sickle-shaped, hooked. This name refers to the sickle-shaped accessory aedeagal process on the male aedeagus and is used as an adjective.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC2D552FF1AFE012AFD3916.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Acrosathe falcata is similar to A. vialis in having the eyes holoptic, the ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally, the wing veins and cross-veins lacking a dark brown margin, and having the setae on the head and thorax white to dark yellow. It differs from all other species of Acrosathe in having a falcate-shaped AAP (Figs. 13 – 15). The female of A. falcata is similar to A. vanduzeei in having the frons with a small dark brown pubescent area dorsolaterally (Fig. 16) but is separated from A. vanduzeei in having the furca quadrate (Fig. 17) with the anterior and posterior margins truncate.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC2D552FF1AFE012AFD3916.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.8 – 9.1, 7.7 mm. Head. Length 0.98 – 1.20, 1.11 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae dark brown, elongate. Eyes holoptic, separated by distance 0.2 times width of median ocellus; ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate. Antenna dark brown, pubescence white; antenna / head length 0.81 – 0.90, 0.86; scape length 0.32 – 0.44, 0.39 mm, width 0.14 – 0.20, 0.17 mm, length / width 2.0 – 2.9, 2.3, scape / pedicel length 3.2 – 4.2, 3.8, scape / flagellum width 0.9 – 1.4, 1.2, setae white, elongate; pedicel length 0.10 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, width 0.10 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 0.67 – 0.86, 0.73, setae dark brown, elongate; flagellum length 0.44 – 0.50, 0.46 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.6, 3.3, flagellum / scape length 1.1 – 1.4, 1.2. Parafacial pubescence white, dense; setae white. Maxillary palpus dark reddish brown, pubescence white; length 0.46 – 0.64, 0.55 mm, width 0.06 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, length / width 5.8 – 8.7, 6.8; setae white, elongate. Genal setae white, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate; macrosetae dark brown, sparse. Postocular macrosetae dark brown. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 – 2, 1 pa, 0 – 2, 1 dc. Mesonotum pubescence gray, dense, vittae indistinct; setae white, elongate, erect with scattered brown setae. Postpronotal lobe setae white, elongate. Prosternum setae white. Pleuron pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane hyaline, veins brown; length 5.3 – 7.3, 6.3 mm, width 1.7 – 2.7, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.3, 3.0; pterostigma brown, narrow. Cell m 3 closed, petiolate. Halter stalk brown, knob pale yellow. Legs. Coxal pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate; apical macrosetae dark brown, hindcoxa with 1 posterolateral macroseta. Femora dark reddish brown; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal appressed setae white. Tibiae dark yellowish brown becoming darker on apical half. Tarsus 1 dark yellow becoming dark reddish brown on apical half; 2 – 5 dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence silver gray, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed; lateral setae white erect. Terminalia (MEI 012275) dark brown, pubescence white, dense. Tergite 8 (Fig. 9), setae white. Sternite 8 (Fig. 10), rectangular, sides tapered posteriorly, posterior margin emarginate; setae white, thick, absent medially on posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 9) quadrate, sides rounded, longer medially than wide; posterolateral margin projecting posteriorly, pointed; setae white. Cerci (Fig. 9), ending above apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 9), apex truncate, ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium, below apex of cerci. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 10) rectangular, median margin straight, posterior margin scalloped, setae dark white, macrosetae dark brown on posterior margin and inner gonocoxal process; lateral view (Fig. 11) quadrate, posterior margin scalloped. Gonostylus, dorsal view (Fig. 12), flattened dorsoventrally with large dorsomedial carina and lateral pointed projection, setae pale yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 13) rectangular, sides parallel, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 14) broad, clavate with large ventral carina, reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 13) broad, tapered posteriorly; lateral view (Fig. 15) tapered ventrally in broad curve; AAP unique, falcate with narrow attachment laterally to side of ventral apodeme and ventrally to ventral lobe; ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 13), reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.2 – 9.3, 8.3 mm. Head. Length 0.98 – 1.18, 1.05 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense on ventral third, yellowish brown pubescence dorsally with small, dark brown, pubescent area dorsolaterally (Fig. 16) which may extend as a bar across frons (MEI 012065 Mt. Shasta); setae white to pale yellow, elongate ventrally and dark brown dorsally. Antenna / head length 0.80 – 1.10, 0.93; scape length 0.34 – 0.46, 0.39 mm, width 0.15 – 0.20, 0.18 mm, length / width 2.0 – 2.5, 2.2, scape / pedicel length 3.3 – 4.2, 3.8, scape / flagellum width 1.0 – 1.4, 1.2; pedicel length 0.10 – 0.11, 0.10 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.15 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.8, 0.7; flagellum length 0.42 – 0.52, 0.46 mm, width 0.14 – 0.17, 0.15 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.3, 3.1, flagellum / scape length 1.0 – 1.3, 1.2. Maxillary palpus length 0.52 – 0.66, 0.59 mm, width 0.08 – 0.12, 0.09 mm, length / width 5.3 – 8.3, 6.5. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 pa, 1 – 2 dc. Wing. Length 5.7 – 7.7, 6.4 mm, width 1.7 – 2.3, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.5, 3.1. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence gray, anteromedial area of tergite dark brown; dorsal setae white becoming pale yellow posteriorly. Terminalia (MEI 012065) dark reddish brown, glossy. Furca (Fig. 17) quadrate, constricted posteriorly, anterior margin truncate; length 0.64 mm, width 0.48 mm; anterolateral projection short, pointed. Immature stages. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC2D552FF1AFE012AFD3916.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Acrosathe falcata is known from California, Nevada, and Utah (Fig. 51). Habitats and Phenology. Acrosathe falcata has been hand-netted and collected on Salix lasiolepis Benth. Adults have been collected in June through August. Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male (MEI 012271) of Acrosathe falcata Webb, spec. nov. is labeled " Mt. Rose, summit Nev., Washoe Co., VII- 9 - 1964, M. E. Irwin Collector " and is deposited in the CAS (CAS Type No. 18349). PARATYPES. UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA. 4.8 km SE Mount Lassen, 8. VII. 1955, MacSwain, J. W., 1 ♂ MEI 012143, 1 ♀ 157898 (EMEC); Mount Shasta [41.31, - 122.309], 2438 m, 3. VIII. 1958, Powell, J., 2 ♂ MEI 012061, 012072, 1 ♀ 012065 (EMEC). Alpine County. Winnemucca Lake [38.669, - 119.991], 14. VII. 1964, Gillogly, A., 1 ♂ MEI 012459 (UCR), on Salix lasiolepis. El Dorado County. Grass Lake [38.794, - 119.964], 5. VII. 1962, Gill, R. J., 1 ♀ MEI 011674 (UCDC); Riverton [38.771, - 120.449], 20. V. 1955, Wasbauer, M., 1 ♂ MEI 011515 (UCDC); China Flat [28. VI. 1948], Hurd, P. D., 1 ♀ MEI 012090 (EMEC). Mariposa County. Fish Camp [37.479, - 119.639], 10. V. 1942, Linsley, E. G., 1 ♂ MEI 012036, 1 ♀ 012041 (EMEC). Nevada County. near Hobart Mills [39.401, - 120.183], 17. VI. 1964, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011678 (UCDC); Sagehen Creek [39.477, - 120.131], 25. VI. 1966, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♂ MEI 011668 (UCDC); 22. VI. 1972, Belmont, R. A., 1 ♀ MEI 012610 (MEIC);?. VI. 1974, Bugg, R. I., 1 ♂ MEI 012609 (CSCA); 19. VI. 1974, 1 ♂ MEI 012613 (UCDC); 30. VI. 1976, Villegas, B., 1 ♀ MEI 116853 (UCDC); 25. VI. 1978, Brooks, R. W., 1 ♂ MEI 116856 (UCDC). Placer County. Carnelian Bay, Lake Tahoe [39.167, - 120.143], 13. VI. 1957, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011679 (INHS); 12. VI. 1965, Parker, F. D., 2 ♀ MEI 011676 (UCDC), 011677 (CSCA). Riverside County. Riverside, Santa Ana River, 2. IV. 1964, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 012273 (MEIC). Shasta County. [Lassen Peak], Lassen Peak Trail [40.488, - 121.504], 14. VII. 1947, Adams, D. W., 1 ♂ MEI 012084, 1 ♀ 012091 (MEIC); Leigh, T. F., 1 ♂ MEI 011682, 1 ♀ 011681 (INHS). Sierra County. Independence Lake [39.452, - 120.289], 16. VII. 1958, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011680 (UCDC). Siskiyou County. Mt. Shasta [41.31, - 122.309], 2438 – 2743 m, 21. VII. 1966, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 053214 (EMEC); Mt. Shasta Ski Lodge [41.322, - 122.202], 2438 m, 6. VIII. 1967, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♂ MEI 157188 (CAS). Tulare County. Alta Meadow [36.578, - 118.654], 2743 m, 19. VII. 1907, Bradley, J. C., 1 ♂ MEI 075589, 1 ♀ 075588 (CUIC). NEVADA. Washoe County. Mount Rose [39.344, - 119.916], 1981 m, 14. VI. 1957, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♂ MEI 012616 (UCDC); Pyramid Lake [39.862, - 119.435], 27. VI. 1972, Belmont, R. A., 1 ♂ MEI 011562 (UCDC); 23. VI. 1976, Bortfeld, C. M., 1 ♀ MEI 116855 (UCDC); 9. VII. 1964, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♂ MEI 011664 (INHS), 1 ♀ 011669 (UCDC); Irwin, M. E., 3 ♂ MEI 011675, 012270 (MEIC), 012275 (USNM), 2 ♀ 012268 (MEIC), 012269 (USNM); Kovacic, C. R., 1 ♂ MEI 011663, 1 ♀ 011673 (UCDC); Parker, F. D., 3 ♂ MEI 011665 – 7 (UCDC), 2 ♀ 011671 – 2 (UCDC); Veirs, D., 1 ♂ MEI 072788 (EMUS). UTAH. Piute County. Circleville [38.172, - 112.27], 21. V. 1996, Knowlton, G. F., 1 ♀ MEI 072797 (EMUS); 1. VI. 1996, 1 ♂ (MEI 072798 (EMUS).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC4D54EFF1AFD922CB63FF4.taxon	description	(Figs. 18 – 25, 52)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC4D54EFF1AFD922CB63FF4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Acrosathe otiosa is similar to A. vanduzeei in having the wing veins and cross-veins with a dark brown margin. It is separated from A. vanduzeei in having the setae on male sternite 8 absent medially on posterior margin (Fig. 19); the AAP ventral view narrow, sides sinuate (Fig. 23), lateral view (Fig. 24) elongate, almost extending to apex of distiphallus; and the ventral apodeme (Fig. 23) reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. The female of A. otiosa is similar to A. bimaculata and A. vialis in having the frons with two round, dark brown to black pubescent circles (as in Fig. 7). It differs from A. bimaculata and A. vialis in having the wing veins and cross-veins with a dark brown margin. The furca (Fig. 25) of A. otiosa differs from A. bimaculata in being oval with the anterior and posterior margins rounded. The furca (Fig. 25) of A. otiosa differs from A. vialis in being less than two times longer than wide and lacking anterolateral projections.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC4D54EFF1AFD922CB63FF4.taxon	description	Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 5.8 – 8.4, 7.6 mm. Head. Length 0.88 – 1.18, 1.01 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae dark reddish brown, elongate. Eyes holoptic, separated by distance 0.2 times width of median ocellus; ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence white, dense, dark brown, glabrous on dorsal fourth; setae white (occasionally dark yellow), elongate on ventral three – fourths. Antenna dark brown, scape pubescence gray, dense; antenna / head length 0.69 – 0.90, 0.81; scape length 0.28 – 0.42, 0.33 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.15 mm, length / width 1.8 – 2.6, 2.2, scape / pedicel length 2.8 – 4.3, 3.3, scape / flagellum 0.9 – 1.1, 1.1 width, setae white, elongate; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.9, 0.7, setae dark brown, short; flagellum length 0.32 – 0.42, 0.38 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.15 mm, length / width 2.1 – 3.0, 2.7, flagellum / scape length 0.9 – 1.5, 1.2. Parafacial pubescence white, dense; setae white. Maxillary palpus reddish brown, pubescence white; length 0.36 – 0.50, 0.45 mm, width 0.08 – 0.10, 0.10 mm, length / width 3.6 – 6.3, 4.7; setae white, elongate. Genal setae white, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate white becoming pale yellow dorsally; macrosetae dark brown (occasionally dark yellow). Postocular macrosetae dark brown (occasionally dark yellow or absent). Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 3 sa, 1 pa, 1 – 2 dc. Mesonotum with vittae dull brown, separated by gray pubescence; setae white to pale yellow, elongate, subappressed intermixed with dark brown, erect setae. Prosternum setae white. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white to pale yellow, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale gray, veins and cross-veins brown with brown margin at fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, apex of discal cell, apex of cell bm; length 4.8 – 6.7, 5.9 mm, width 1.8 – 2.3, 2.0 mm, length / width 2.2 – 3.3, 2.8; cell m 3 closed, petiolate. Halter stalk brown, knob pale yellow. Legs. Coxal pubescence silver, dense; setae white, elongate; apical macrosetae dark reddish brown, hindcoxa with 1 posterolateral macroseta. Femora dark reddish brown; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal appressed setae white. Tibiae dark yellowish brown becoming darker on apical half. Tarsus 1 dark yellow becoming dark reddish brown on apical half; 2 – 5 dark reddish brown. FIGURES 26 – 33. Acrosathe pacifica. 26. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 27. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 28. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 29. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 30. Aedeagus, ventral view. 31. Aedeagus, lateral view. 32. Female head, frontal view. 33. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed; lateral setae white, erect. Terminalia (MEI 075520) dark brown, pubescence gray, dense. Tergite 8 (Fig. 18), setae white to pale yellow. Sternite 8 (Fig. 19), posterior margin broadly emarginate; setae dark yellow, absent medially on posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 18) quadrate, sides rounded, as long medially as wide; posterolateral margin short, broadly pointed; setae white to pale yellow. Cerci (Fig. 18), ending above apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 18), posterior margin truncate, ending below apex of cerci. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 19), median margin straight, tapering posteriorly to blunt point, setae dark yellow to dark brown, macrosetae dark brown on gonocoxal process and inner gonocoxal process; lateral view (Fig. 20) oblong, tapered to broad, rounded point. Gonostylus (Fig. 21), flattened dorsoventrally, setae pale yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 22) broad, rectangular, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 23) broad, slightly clavate, reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 22) elongate, tapered posteriorly, apicolateral spines absent, lateral view (Fig. 24) narrow, broadly curved posteriorly; AAP (Figs. 23 – 24) narrow, elongate, pointed apically, curved dorsally to apex of distiphallus; ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 22) extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.7 – 10.2, 8.4 mm. Head. Length 0.90 – 1.12, 1.02 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense on ventral half, dorsal half dark brown, pubescence brownish gray with large, dark brown circle dorsolaterally (as in Fig. 7); setae white to pale yellow, elongate ventrally, dark brown dorsally. Antenna / head length 0.73 – 0.88, 0.79; scape length 0.30 – 0.36, 0.33 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.15 mm, length / width 1.9 – 2.6, 2.2, scape / pedicel length 1.9 – 3.8, 3.4, scape / flagellum width 1.0 – 1.3, 1.1; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, width 0.14 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.9, 0.7; flagellum length 0.36 – 0.42, 0.38 mm, width 0.14 mm, length / width 2.4 – 3.0, 2.7, flagellum / scape length 0.9 – 1.3, 1.2. Maxillary palpus length 0.46 – 0.55, 0.50 mm, width 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, length / width 4.3 – 5.4, 4.8. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 – 4, 3 np, 2 sa, 1 pa, 1 – 2, 2 dc. Wing. Length 5.7 – 6.7, 6.2 mm, width 1.8 – 2.3, 2.0 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.4, 3.1. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence gray, dense (occasionally absent on anterior fourth of tergites 2 and 3 or tergites 2 – 4; dorsal setae white to pale yellow appressed. Terminalia (MEI 012323). Furca (Fig. 25) narrow, oval; length 0.49 mm, width 0.35 mm; anterolateral projection absent. Immature Stages. One female (MEI 029243) was reared from a larva collected at Great Sand Dunes, Colorado and 2 ♂ (MEI 012047, 012126) were reared from larvae collected at 1.6 km south of Cantamar, Baja California Norte, Mexico.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFC4D54EFF1AFD922CB63FF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Acrosathe otiosa is known from British Columbia, Canada, Baja California Norte, Mexico, and California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Utah, and Wyoming in the United States (Fig. 52). Habitats and Phenology. Acrosathe otiosa has been hand-netted or collected in Malaise traps on sand dunes. Adults have been collected in December and February through August. Specimens examined. Type specimens. Coquillett based his description of Thereva otiosa on nine males and seven female syntypes from Los Angeles County, California. Only one specimen of these syntypes could be found in USNM collection. This specimen is a male with label 1 on white paper " Los Angeles Co. CAL. " (typeset); label 2 on white paper " Apr. " (typeset); label three on white paper " Coquillett Collector " (typeset); label 4 on red paper " Type No. 10423 U. S. N. M. " (typeset) This male (MEI 159492) is designated as the lectotype of Thereva otiosa. This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of T. otiosa and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. Other specimens. CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Nanaimo [49.167, - 123.933], 28. VI. 1920, Van Duzee, E. P., 10 ♂ MEI 157230 – 9 (CAS); Thornby Island [48.5, - 124], 8. VII. 1967, Schlinger, E., 1 ♂ MEI 012436 (CAS); Anderson Lake [48.567, - 123.283], 17. VI. 1926, McDunnough, J., 1 ♂ MEI 077932 (DEBU); Oliver [49.183, - 119.55], 27. V.?, Garrett, C., 3 ♂ MEI 115627 – 9, 1 ♀ 115630 (USNM); Salmon River, Glen Emma [50.55, - 119.133], 15. VII. 1949, Leech, H. B., 1 ♀ MEI 157335 (CAS); Vancouver [49.25, - 123.117], 15. VII. 1930, 1 ♀ MEI 013167 (SMDV); Victoria, [48.433, - 123.35], 23. VI. 1918, Downes, W., 1 ♂ MEI 077933 (SMDV); 26. VI. 1919, 3 ♂ MEI 013159, 013161, 013163, 4 ♀ 013160 – 2, 013166 (SMDV); Nanaimo, Biological Station [49.16, - 123.93], 28. VI. 1920, Van Duzee, E. P., 2 ♂ MEI 012664 – 5 (SMDV). MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE. 1.6 km S Cantamar [32.212, - 116.921], 20. III. 1972, Doyen, J., 2 ♂ MEI 012047, 012126, (EMEC), sifted; dunes at Cantamar [32.227, - 116.921], 28. XII. 1976, Rude, P., 3 ♂ MEI 011874 – 6 (EMEC). UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA. Contra Costa County. 3.2 km E Antioch, Little Corral [38.005, - 121.776], 15. XII. 1956, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 011972 (MEIC); Antioch, [38.005, - 121.805], 14. IV. 1938, Van Dyke, M. C., 1 ♂ MEI 157313 (CAS); 20. IV. 1950, Hurd, P. D., 3 ♀ MEI 011964 – 5, 011973 (EMEC); 5. IV. 1952, 2 ♀ MEI 011976 – 7 (EMEC); 5. IV. 1952, Rozen, J. G., 1 ♀ MEI 123175 (OSU); 6. III. 1953, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 011969, 1 ♀ 011970 (EMEC); 15. III. 1953, 5 ♂ MEI 011966 – 8, 011971, 011974, 2 ♀ 011937 – 8 (EMEC); 23. III. 1953, 25 ♂ MEI 011940 – 63, 011975, 4 ♀ 011934 – 6, 011939 (EMEC); Barnes, A. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011978 (EMEC). Humboldt County. 23. V. 1929, Leach, E. R., 1 ♂ MEI 132162 (CAS); Eureka [40.802, - 124.163], 13. VI. 1935, Baker, E. W., 1 ♀ MEI 164346 (MEIC): Samoa Dunes [North Spit] [40.789, - 124.206], 21. V. 1969, Slobodchikoff, C., 1 ♀ MEI 012115 (MEIC); 10. VI. 1969, 1 ♂ MEI 012131 (MEIC); 26. VI. 1969, 1 ♂ MEI 012132 (MEIC); Trinidad [41.059, - 124.142], 6. VI. 1925, Martin, J. O., 1 ♂ MEI 157283 (CAS). Kern County. 2.4 km W Weldon [35.669, - 118.316], 31. III. 1983, Pinto, J. D., Velten, R. K., 1 ♀ MEI 012460 (MEIC). Los Angeles County. Coquillett, 1 ♂ MEI 113529, 2 ♀ 113530, 113534 (USNM);?. III.?, 1 ♂ MEI 113343, 3 ♀ 113532, 113539, 113541 (USNM); 18. III.?, 1 ♀ MEI 113528 (USNM);?. IV.?, 5 ♂ MEI 113512, 113515 – 6, 113531, 113533 (USNM); 14. V.?, 1 ♂ MEI 113517 (USNM); Long Beach [33.767, - 118.188], 29. III. 1950, Melander, A. L., 2 ♂ MEI 113700 – 1 (USNM); 13. II. 1957, Wilcox, J., 3 ♂ MEI 012506, 012508 – 9 (EMEC); Los Angeles [34.052, - 118.243], 31. III. 1933, Hicks, C. H., 2 ♂ MEI 075519 – 20 (CSUC), 1 ♀ 101795 (WSU). Madera County. San Joaquin Experimental Range, 33.8 km NE Madera [37.177, - 119.849], 10. IV. 1962, Burdick, D. J., 17 ♂ MEI 011800 – 16 (EMEC); Marino, E., 1 ♂ MEI 011837 (EMEC). Mono County. Topaz Lake [38.679, - 119.533], 26. VI. 1957, Flaherty, D. L., 1 ♂ MEI 011738 (EMEC); Pritchard, A. E., 2 ♂ MEI 011729 – 30 (EMEC). Monterey County. Salinas River at King City [36.209, - 121.145], 20. III. 1974, Doyen, Powell, 1 ♂ MEI 012029 (MEIC), riverine dunes; Marina Dunes [36.7, - 121.8], 18. III. 1971, Irwin, M. E., 7 ♂ MEI 012327 – 9, 012335, 012346 – 8 (MEIC). Orange County. Limestone Canyon, Irvine Lake [33.785, - 117.723], 3 – 14. VI.?, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012349, 1 ♀ 012323 (MEIC). Riverside County. Dripping Springs [33.473, - 116.989], 17. IV. 1962, Wilcox, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012507 (EMEC); Riverside [33.94, - 117.397], 17. III. 1935, Melander, A. L., 1 ♀ MEI 113668 (USNM). San Benito County. Pinnacles [36.531, - 121.145], 24. IV. 1948, MacSwain, J. W., 5 ♂ MEI 011979, 011981 – 4, 1 ♀ 011985 (EMEC). San Bernardino County. Devore [34.216, - 117.401], 2. XII. 1981, collector?, 1 ♀ MEI 012292 (MEIC); Mojave River, Deep Creek [34.105, - 117.099], 18. III. 1965, Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012451 (EMEC). San Diego County. San Diego, Mission Valley [32.765, - 117.175], 28. IV. 1949, Ulica, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012125 (MEIC); San Luis Rey [33.232, - 117.323], 26. IV. 1968, Andrews, F. G., 1 ♀ MEI 012324 (MEIC); El Monte Regional Park [32.892, - 116.846], 31. III. 1962, collector?, 1 ♀ MEI 012138 (MEIC). San Francisco County. San Francisco [37.775, - 122.418], 12. III. 1932, Keifer, H. H., 1 ♂ MEI 073658 (CSCA); 28. III. 1961, Rentz, D. C., 1 ♀ MEI 157222 (CAS); San Francisco, Laguna Puerca [37.736, - 122.488], 7. IV. 1961, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012146 (EMEC). San Luis Obispo County. Pozo [35.304, - 120.376], 27. IV. 1962, Drew, J. K., 1 ♂ MEI 011784 (EMEC); 28. IV. 1962, Langston, R. L., 1 ♂ MEI 011786 (EMEC); Toschi, C. A., 15 ♂ MEI 011781 – 3, 011787 – 8, 011790 – 99 (EMEC); 29. IV. 1962, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 011780 (EMEC). Santa Barbara County. Goleta [34.436, - 119.827], 25. VI. 1959, Campbell, C. A., 1 ♂ MEI 012019 (EMEC); 25. VI. 1959, Campbell, C. A., 1 ♂ MEI 012145 (EMEC); 27. VI. 1959, Bath, J. L., 1 ♀ MEI 012510 (EMEC); 15. VII. 1959, Steffan, W. A., sex? MEI 011826 (EMEC); Santa Ynez [34.614, - 120.079], 12. IV. 1963, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 012345 (MEIC); 1. V. 1910, Mann, W. M., 7 ♂ MEI 113552 – 8, 1 ♀ 113545 (USNM). Ventura County. 8.1 km S Gorman, Hungry Valley [34.723, - 118.852], 1. V. 1959, Powers, J. R., 1 ♀ MEI 012134 (MEIC). COLORADO. Alamosa / Saguache Counties. [37.733, - 105.512], 4. V. 1969, Polhemus, J. T., 1 ♀ MEI 157215 (CAS). Alamosa County. Great Sand Dunes [37.751, - 105.504], 2469 m, 21. VI. 1996, Irwin, M. E., Webb, D. W., Gaimari, S. D., Metz, M. A., Holston, K. C., 2 ♂ MEI 157902 – 3, 1 ♀ 085500 (INHS), Malaise trap, 1 ♀ MEI 029243 (INHS), sieved. Moffat County. 1.6 km E Maybell, Rt. 40 [40.517, - 108.077], 3. VI. 1991, Welch, J., Kondratieff, B., 1 ♂ MEI 075511 (CSUC), sand dunes. Saguache County. Indian Spring Natural Area [37.767, - 105.625], 2346 m, 16 – 21. VI. 1999, Pineda, P. M., McCullum, S., 1 ♀ MEI 116986 (CSUC); Brown, F. M., 1 ♀ MEI 038338 (MEIC), stabilized dunes. IDAHO. Fremont County. St. Anthony [43.966, - 111.681], 12. VI. 1963, Fillmore, O. O., 1 ♂ MEI 012587 (WFBM); 24. VI. 1964, Barr, W. F., 1 ♂ MEI 012591 (WFBM). Lincoln County. 6.4 km E Dietrich [42.909, - 114.207], 23. V. 1964, Fillmore, O. O., 1 ♂ MEI 012575 (WFBM). Twin Falls County. Twin Falls [42.563, - 114.46], 29. VI. 1976, Allen, A. D., 1 ♂ MEI 100183 (WFBM). OREGON. Benton County. Corvallis [44.565, - 123.261], 8. VII. 1931, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 012692 (MEIC). Clatsop County. Sunset Beach [46.1, - 123.917], 29. VI. 1938, Gray, K., Schuh, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012693 (CSUC). Douglas County. near Roseburg [43.224, - 123.331], 31. V. 1983, Nidek, C., Nidek, A. V., 1 ♂ MEI 136246 (ZMAN). Harney County. Stinking Lake [43.321, - 119.364], 10. V. 1980, Neil, 1 ♂ MEI 012651 (UOIC), sandy soil / sage. Hood River County. Hood River [45.711, - 121.515], 30. VI. 1917, Melander, A. L., 4 ♂ MEI 113542, 113544, 113558 – 9, 3 ♀ 113538, 113540, 113543 (USNM); Parkdale [45.52, - 121.596], 30. VI. 1938, Gray, K., Schuh, J., 1 ♂ MEI 075518 (CSUC). Lincoln County. Newport [44.637, - 124.052], 8. VI. 1925, Van Duzee, E. P., 1 ♂ MEI 157251, 1 ♀ 157337 (CAS); Van Dyke, E. C., 2 ♀ MEI 157329, 157336 (CAS); Waldport [44.427, - 124.068], 8. VI. 1925, Van Duzee, E. P., 1 ♂ MEI 157250 (CAS). Multnomah County. Mountain [45.517, - 122.083], 21. VIII. 1969, Fisher, E. M., Fisher, J. L., 1 ♂ MEI 012441 (CSCA). UTAH. Kane County. 14.5 km E [Park] Headquarters, Hwy. 15 [37.3, - 112.92], 8. V. 1988, Fisher, E. M., 2 ♀ MEI 070461 – 2 (CSCA). Utah County. 19.3 km E Thistle [39.956, - 111.271], 11. V – 11. VI. 1984, Nelson, R., 1 ♂ MEI 133754 (BYUC), Malaise trap. WASHINGTON. Grant County. 3.2 km S Beverly [46.825, - 119.934], 30. IV. 1966, collector?, 2 ♂ MEI 012689 – 90 (CUIC). King County. Seattle [47.606, - 122.331], 10. VII. 1966, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 133521 (OSUO). Kittitas County. Cle Elum River [47.583, - 122.15], 5. VII. 1932, Martin, C. H., Martin, D., 3 ♂ MEI 012694, 012696 – 7 (OSUO); Virden [Lauderdale Junction] [47.203, - 120.709], 5. VII. 1932, Martin, C. H., Martin, D., 1 ♂ MEI 012695 (OSUO). Pacific County. Ilwaco [46.313, - 124.034], 19. VI. 1918, Spuler, A., 1 ♂ MEI 101758 (WSU); Seaview [46.333, - 124.054], 26. VI. 1925, Spuler, A., 1 ♂ MEI 101895 (WSU); Tokeland [46.714, - 123.996], date?, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 113508 (USNM). Walla Walla County. Mill Creek, 24. VI. 1921, Melander, A. L., 1 ♀ MEI 113557 (USNM). Whitman County. Wawawai [46.637, - 117.378], 30. V. 1911, collector?, 1 ♀ MEI 113549 (USNM). Yakima County. Zillah [46.41, - 120.259], 23. VI. 1923, Melander, A. L., 1 ♀ MEI 113550 (USNM). WYOMING. Sweetwater County. Little America [41.544, - 109.858], 13. VI. 1962, Matthews, R. W., 1 ♂ MEI 134980 (MSUC).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFD8D54BFF1AFAB32A343A54.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Acrosathe pacifica is distinctive within the Nearctic Acrosathe in having the setae on the head and thorax dark brown to black. Acrosathe pacifica has be found in only Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties of California, but the female is identical in appearance to those females of A. vanduzeei found north of San Francisco County (Del Norte, Humboldt, Sonoma counties).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFD8D54BFF1AFAB32A343A54.taxon	description	Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.5 – 9.6, 7.8 mm. Head. Length 0.94 – 1.32, 1.07 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray; setae black, elongate. Eyes holoptic, separated by distance 0.1 times width of median ocellus; ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence gray, dense, dark brown on dorsal fourth; setae black (occasionally yellowish brown to dark brown), elongate on ventral two-third extending lateral to antennal base which varies in color from yellowish brown to black. Antenna dark brown, pubescence gray, dense on scape; antenna / head length 0.74 – 0.95, 0.83; scape length 0.28 – 0.40, 0.36 mm, width 0.14 – 0.20, 0.16 mm, length / width 1.7 – 2.9, 2.3, scape / pedicel length 2.8 – 4.2, 3.4, scape / flagellum width 1.1 – 1.4, 1.2, setae black, elongate (occasionally yellowish brown), generally more abundant on ventral half, macrosetae dark reddish brown; pedicel length 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, width 0.12 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.9, 0.8 setae dark brown, short; flagellum length 0.38 – 0.52, 0.43 mm, width 0.12 – 0.14, 0.13 mm, length / width 2.9 – 3.7, 3.2, flagellum / scape length 1.0 – 1.4, 1.2. Parafacial pubescence gray; setae black (occasionally yellowish brown to dark brown) on lateral half. Maxillary palpus brown; length 0.40 – 0.64, 0.54 mm, width 0.10 – 0.14, 0.12 mm, length / width 3.3 – 5.2, 4.5; setae black (occasionally yellowish brown to dark brown), elongate. Genal setae black, (occasionally yellowish brown to dark brown), elongate. Occipital setae black (occasionally yellowish brown to dark brown), elongate; macrosetae dark brown to black (occasionally absent), scattered. Postocular macrosetae dark brown. Thorax. Macrosetae dark reddish brown 3 – 4, 3 np, 1 – 2, 2 sa, 1 pa, 0 – 2, 1 dc. Mesonotum dark brown, pubescence brownish gray; vittae absent; setae dark brown to black, elongate (occasionally with dark brown erect setae and dark yellowish brown subappressed setae). Postpronotal setae dark brown to black, elongate. Prosternum setae dark brown, elongate. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae dark brown to black, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale gray, veins pale brown (occasionally with brown margin at fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, around margin of discal cell, m-m, apical margin of bm and along Cu 2); length 5.3 – 7.0, 5.9 mm, width 1.8 – 2.3, 2.0 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.0, 2.9; pterostigma brown, narrow. Cell m 3 open widely (occasionally closed, petiolate). Halter dark brown. Legs. Coxae dark brown, pubescence brownish gray, dense; setae dark brown, elongate, white on posterior half of hind coxa; apical macrosetae dark reddish brown, hindcoxa with 1 posterolateral macroseta. Femora dark brown, pubescence light gray; ventral setae dark brown, elongate, dorsal setae dark brown, appressed. Tibiae dark yellow becoming dark reddish brown apically. Tarsus 1 dark yellow, apex dark reddish brown; 2 – 5 dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Dark reddish brown, pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed (on specimens from San Luis Obispo County) or dark brown to black (on specimens from Monterey County, occasionally dark yellowish brown); lateral setae white erect. Terminalia (MEI 100990) dark reddish brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 26), setae white, elongate. Sternite 8 (Fig. 27) rectangular, anterior margin truncate, sides rounded; posterior margin slightly emarginate medially; setae white, separated medially on posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 26) dark brown, quadrate; longer medially than wide; posterolateral margin pointed; setae white. Cerci (Fig. 26) ending distal to apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 26) pale whitish yellow; posterior margin rounded, ending basal to apex of cerci at posterolateral margin of epandrium. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 27), median margin broadly emarginate, posterior margin scalloped; setae white, macrosetae dark reddish brown; lateral view (Fig. 28) oblong, tapering posteriorly to blunt point; setae white with several dark reddish brown apical macrosetae. Gonostylus (as in Fig. 21). Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 29) broadly expanded laterally, anterior half narrowed; ventral apodeme (Fig. 30) broad, sides parallel, not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 29) tapered posteriorly, lateral view (Fig. 31) sinuate; AAP (Fig. 31) short, reaching about one-half length of distiphallus; ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 29) extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except as follows. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.7 – 10.0, 9.0 mm. Head. Length 1.08 – 1.23, 1.19 mm. Frons pubescence brownish gray, white on ventral third with dark brown pubescent, transverse bar (Fig. 32); setae dark brown, white on ventral third. Antennal / head length 0.65 – 0.85, 0.77; scape length 0.32 – 0.44, 0.39 mm, width 0.16 – 0.22, 0.18 mm, length / width 1.8 – 2.4, 2.1, scape / pedicel length 3.2 – 5.0, 3.9, scape / flagellum width 1.1 – 1.4, 1.2, setae white; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, width 0.14 – 0.17, 0.15 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.9, 0.7, setae dark brown, short; flagellum length 0.36 – 0.50, 0.42 mm, width 0.14 – 0.17, 0.15 mm, length / width 2.1 – 3.1, 2.8, flagellum / scape length 0.9 – 1.2, 1.1. Parafacial setae white. Maxillary palpus length 0.48 – 0.76, 0.57 mm, width 0.10 – 0.14, 0.12 mm, length / width 4.0 – 5.5, 4.9; setae white. Genal setae white. Occipital setae white. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2, 2 sa, 1 – 2, 1 pa, 1 – 2, 2 dc. Mesonotal setae white, appressed. Postpronotal setae white. Prosternum setae white. Pleural setae white. Wing. Membrane pale whitish gray, veins pale brown; length 5.3 – 7.7, 6.6 mm, width 2.0 – 2.5, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.3, 2.8; cell m 3 closed, petiolate. Legs. Coxal setae white. Abdomen. Pubescence grey with narrow band of dark brown pubescence across anterior margin of tergites 2 – 4; dorsal setae white elongate appressed. Terminalia (MEI 012278). Furca (Fig. 33) oval, anterior margin rounded, length 0.49 mm, width 0.43 mm; anterolateral projection short. Immature Stages. Three males (MEI 037015, 130039, 136590) and 3 ♀ (MEI 130036, 157891, 157892) were reared from larvae collected at Salinas River State Beach, California from dunes; 1 ♂ (MEI 083171) and 2 ♀ (MEI 083136, 083154) were reared from larvae collected 1.6 km SW Moss Landing, California; and 1 ♂ (MEI 107901) was reared from larvae collected at Rancho Guadalupe County Park, California.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFD8D54BFF1AFAB32A343A54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Acrosathe pacifica is known from California (Fig. 51). Habitats and Phenology. Acrosathe pacifica has been sifted as larvae from sand or hand-netted or collected as adults in Malaise traps in coastal dunes. Adults have been collected in February and from April through August. Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Thereva pacifica Cole is labeled " Pacific Grove, California, May 8, 1906, J. M. Aldrich " and is in the USNM (Type No. 25938). Other specimens. UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA. Colusa County. Williams [39.155, - 122.148], 24. V. 1954, Grigarick, A. A., 1 ♂ MEI 011616 (UCDC). Monterey County. 17 Mile Drive [36.605, - 121.945], 17. V. 1959, 3 ♂ MEI 011917 – 8, 011921, 1 ♀ 011896 (EMEC); Asilomar [36.621, - 121.935], 10. V. 1959, Burdick, J., 8 ♂ MEI 011902 – 7, 011919 – 20, 2 ♀ 011897, 011901 (EMEC); Forest Camp on Tassajara Road [36.31, - 121.558], 14. VI. 1958, Bartholomew, P. S., 1 ♂ MEI 132114 (CAS); Monterey [36.609, - 121.91], 20. V. 1956, Wasbauer, M., 2 ♂ MEI 011908 – 9 (EMEC); Barnes, A. M., 1 ♂ MEI 083639 (MEIC); Moss Landing, [36.8, - 121.788], 27. V. 1969, Irwin, M. E., Andrews, F. G., 14 ♂ MEI 012280, 012282 – 91, 012293, 012296, 012299, 3 ♀ 012277 – 9 (MEIC); Pacific Grove [36.618, - 121.916], 7. V. 1906, Aldrich, J. M., 1 ♂ MEI 113592, 1 ♀ 113594 (USNM), sand dune;?. V. 1906, Aldrich, J. M., 1 ♂ MEI 113593, 1 ♀ 113144 (USNM); 31. II. 1954, Wasbauer, M., 1 ♂ MEI 011916 (EMEC); 29. V. 1954, Wasbauer, M., 1 ♀ MEI 01190 (EMEC); 16. V. 1959, Stage, G. I., 3 ♂ MEI 011922, 011932 – 3, 2 ♀ 011898 – 9 (EMEC); Seaside, [36.611, - 121.851], 24. VI. 1965, Irwin, M. E., 2 ♂ MEI 012298, 012518 (MEIC); Salinas River State Beach [36.793, - 121.792], 30. V. 2001, Holston, K. C., 2 ♂ MEI 157889 – 90 (INHS), dunes; 25. VI. 2001, Holston, K. C., Alvarez, A., 3 ♂ MEI 130037, 130039, 136590, 3 ♀ 130036, 157891, 157892 (INHS), sifted dunes; 1.6 km SW Moss Landing, [36.804, - 121.786], 17. IV. 1990, Webb, D. W., Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 083171, 2 ♀ 083136, 083154 (INHS), sieved. San Luis Obispo County. Pismo Beach [35.143, - 120.64], 7. VIII. 1930, Winburn, T. F., Painter, R. H., 1 ♂ MEI 012325 (MEIC); 29. VIII. 1945, Melander, A. L., 1 ♂ MEI 113762 (USNM); 13. V. 1956, Cox, J. W., 1 ♀ MEI 053746 (MEIC); Wilcox, J., 1 ♂ MEI 053743 (UCR); 26. VII. 1966, Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012465 (UCR); 8. VII. 1969, Wilcox, J., 2 ♂ MEI 012395 – 6, 1 ♀ 012464 (UCR); 24. VI. 1970, Wilcox, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012398 (UCR); Rancho Guadalupe County Park [34.966, - 120.651], 21. VI. 1997, Holston, K. C., 1 ♂ MEI 107901 (INHS), sieved foredune hillocks; 1.6 km N Oceano [35.083, - 120.6], 7. IX. 1965, Wilcox, J., 4 ♂ MEI 012374, 012385 – 6, 012390 (UCR); Grover City [35.122, - 120.62], 4. VII. 1956, Hurd, P. D., 2 ♂ MEI 011910, 011931, 1 ♀ 011911 (EMEC); 13. VIII. 1957, Linsley, E. G., 3 ♂ MEI 011925, 011927 – 8 (MEIC); Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes, W border Teixeira Farms [36.199, - 121.147], 20. VI. 1997, Holston, K. C., 2 ♂ MEI 100990, 101026 (INHS); Morro dunes, 9. VI. 1945, Melander, A. L., 1 ♂ MEI 113751 (USNM); Morro Bay [32.368, - 120.851], 16. VI. 1947, 4 ♂ MEI 113750, 113755, 113768 – 9 (USNM); 26. VI. 1963, Hall, J. C., 1 ♂ MEI 012355 (UCR); 26. IV. 1968, Opler, P. A., 2 ♂ MEI 012102, 012104 (EMEC); Oceano [35.099, - 120.611], 11. VIII. 1962, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 053744, 2 ♀ 012480, 053745 (UCR); 16. VII. 1970, Wilcox, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012375 (UCR); Oso Flaco Dunes [35.029, - 120.621], 9. V. 1987, Russell, D. E., 2 ♀ MEI 083184 – 5 (MEIC); 13. VII. 1959, Spore, R. W., 2 ♂ MEI 012141, 012625 (EMEC); 22. VI. 1965, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012566 (MEIC), coastal dunes; 29. VI. 1967, Irwin, M. E., Cronin, T., Larisch, S., 2 ♂ MEI 012554, 012568 (MEIC), coastal dunes; 23. VIII. 1968, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012565 (MEIC), coastal dunes; 16. IV. 1990, Webb, D. W., Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 083155 (INHS), sifted; 16. VI. 1996, Russell, D. E., 1 ♀ MEI 083187 (MEIC); Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes Preserve, Oso Flaco State Park [35.029, - 120.617], 17. VI. 1997, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 101036 (MEIC); Pismo Beach State Park [35.108, - 120.63], 15. VII. 1967, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012556 (MEIC), coastal dune; Pismo Beach [35.175, - 120.647], 1. VI. 1992, Skevington, J. H., Goering, A., 1 ♀ MEI 078056 (MEIC), coastal dunes.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFDDD546FF1AFE532BD03FF4.taxon	description	(Figs. 34 – 42, 53)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFDDD546FF1AFE532BD03FF4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Acrosathe vanduzeei is similar to A. otiosa in having the wing veins and cross-veins with a dark brown margin. It differs from A. otiosa in having the setae on male sternite 8 continuous across posterior margin (Fig. 35); the AAP dorsal view (Figs. 37 – 38) broadly rounded laterally, lateral view (Fig. 38) short, extending to middle of distiphallus; and the ventral apodeme (Fig. 37) broad, not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. The female of A. vanduzeei is similar to A. falcata in having the frons with a small dark brown pubescent area dorsolaterally (Fig. 41) but is separated from A. falcata in having the furca oval (Fig. 42) with the anterior and posterior margins rounded.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFDDD546FF1AFE532BD03FF4.taxon	description	Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.8 – 10.0, 8.5 mm. Head. Length 1.00 – 1.20, 1.14 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae dark reddish brown, elongate. Eyes holoptic, separated by distance 0.2 times width of median ocellus; ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence white, dense, dark brown, glabrous on dorsal fourth; setae white to pale brownish gold (occasionally with scattered dark brown setae, MEI 113632 with dorsal patch of black setae), elongate on ventral three-fourths. Antenna dark brown, scape pubescence gray, dense; antenna / head length 0.7 – 0.8, 0.8; scape length 0.30 – 0.40, 0.37 mm, width 0.14 – 0.20, 0.18 mm, length / width 1.7 – 2.4, 2.1, scape / pedicel length 3.0 – 4.3, 3.6, scape / flagellum width 0.9 – 1.4, 1.2, setae white to pale brownish gold, elongate; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, width 0.12 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.8, 0.7; flagellum length 0.32 – 0.48, 0.42 mm, width 0.13 – 0.15, 0.14 mm, length / width 2.1 – 3.4, 2.9, flagellum / scape length 0.9 – 1.4, 1.1. Parafacial pubescence white, dense; setae white to yellowish gold (occasionally dark brown). Maxillary palpus reddish brown; length 0.40 – 0.60, 0.51 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.08 mm, length / width 5.0 – 7.3, 6.6; setae white to brownish gold, elongate. Genal setae white to yellowish gold, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate (occasionally becoming brownish gold dorsally or with scattered dark brown setae); macrosetae dark brown (yellow in many specimens or absent). Postocular macrosetae dark brown (yellow in many specimens, or occasionally a mixture of yellow and dark brown macrosetae). Thorax. Macrosetae 3 – 4, 3 np, 1 – 2, 2 sa, 1 pa, 1 – 2, 1 dc. Mesonotum with vittae dull brown, separated by gray pubescence; setae white to brownish gold, elongate, subappressed intermixed with dark brown, erect setae. Postpronotal setae pale yellow to brownish gold, elongate. Prosternum setae white. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white to pale brownish gold, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale gray, veins and cross-veins brown with brown margin at fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, apex of discal cell, apex of cell bm; length 5.8 – 7.2, 6.4 mm, width 1.9 – 2.5, 2.2 mm, length / width 2.2 – 3.3, 2.8; cell m 3 open widely, closed at wing margin, or closed and petiolate. Halter brown. Legs. Coxal pubescence silver, dense; setae white, elongate; apical macrosetae dark reddish brown, hindcoxa with 1 posterolateral macroseta. Femora dark yellow, apex dark brown; ventral setae white (occasionally brownish gold), elongate, dorsal setae white, appressed. Tibiae dark yellow becoming darker on apical half. Tarsus 1 dark yellow becoming dark reddish brown on apical half; 2 – 5 dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed; lateral setae white erect. Terminalia (MEI 011994) dark brown, pubescence gray, dense. Tergite 8 (Fig. 34), setae white. Sternite 8 (Fig. 35), posterior margin slightly emarginate; setae dark brown, continuous across posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 34) rounded laterally, longer medially than wide; posterolateral margin pointed; setae white. Cerci (Fig. 34) ending distal to apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 34) rounded posteriorly; ending basal to apex of cerci. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 35), median margin straight then tapering to blunt point, setae dark brown, macrosetae dark brown; lateral view (Fig. 36) oblong, tapering to blunt point. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 37) narrow, rectangular, sides sinuate, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 38) broad, clavate, not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 37) elongate, tapered posteriorly, lateral view (Fig. 39) narrow basally, tapered posteriorly in broad curve; AAP (Figs. 38 – 39) short, curved dorsally, reaching about half way along distiphallus; ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 37) extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FIGURES 43 – 49. Acrosathe vialis. 43. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 44. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 45. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 46. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 47. Aedeagus, ventral view. 48. Aedeagus, lateral view. 49. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.8 – 10.4, 10.0 mm. Head. Length 1.10 – 1.24, 1.15 mm. Setae on ocellar tubercle occasionally dark yellow to pale yellowish brown. Frons pubescence white, dense on ventral half, dorsal half dark brown, pubescence brownish gray. Specimens from Monterey County south to Orange County have a small area of brown pubescence dorsolaterally (Fig. 41). Specimens from Santa Cruz north to Sonora County have narrow, dark brown, pubescent bar (Fig. 40) mediolaterally, separated medially by yellowish brown pubescence (occasionally extending completely across frons as horizontal bar); setae white to pale yellow (occasionally with scattered dark brown setae), elongate ventrally and dark brown to brownish gold, subappressed dorsally. Antenna / head length 0.71 – 0.87, 0.80; scape length 0.36 – 0.42, 0.40 mm, width 0.16 – 0.22, 0.18 mm, length / width 1.9 – 2.5, 2.2, scape / pedicel length 3.0 – 5.0, 3.9, scape / flagellum width 1.1 – 1.4, 1.2, setae white, elongate intermixed with dark brown, elongate setae which grade into dark brown macrosetae; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.15 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.9, 0.7; flagellum length 0.36 – 0.50, 0.42 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.15 mm, length / width 2.4 – 3.3, 2.8, flagellum / scape length 0.9 – 1.2, 1.1. Maxillary palpus length 0.44 – 0.66, 0.57 mm, width 0.08 – 0.10, 0.11 mm, length / width 4.3 – 6.8, 5.2. Postocular macrosetae generally dark brown (occasionally mixed with dark yellow macrosetae or solely dark yellow macrosetae). Occipital macrosetae occasionally yellow. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 pa, 1 – 2, 1 dc. Mesonotum with vittae dark brown, separated by dense, gray pubescence. Wing. Length 6.7 – 7.5, 6.8 mm, width 1.8 – 2.5, 2.2 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.4, 3.2. Halter brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence gray, dense on posterior three-fourths of tergites 1 – 4 and most of tergites 5 – 8; dorsal setae white to pale yellow appressed. Terminalia (MEI 163550). Furca (Fig. 42) oval, anterior margin bounded; length 0.47 mm, width 0.40 mm; anterolateral projection short. Immature stages. One male (MEI 011886) has been reared from a larva collected west of the Los Angeles International Airport; 1 ♂ (MEI 083151) has been reared from a larva collected at Pescadero Beach; 32 ♂ (MEI 100891, 100971, 100999, 101004, 101025, 101039, 101074, 107874, 107877, 107879 – 81, 107883 – 5, 107887 – 90, 107892 – 3, 107895 107897 – 900, 107906 – 7, 107914 – 7) have be reared from larvae collected in Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes; and 3 ♂ (MEI 107902 – 4) have been reared from larvae collected in Rancho Guadalupe County Park, San Luis Obispo County, California	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFDDD546FF1AFE532BD03FF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Acrosathe vanduzeei is known from California (Fig. 53). Habitats and Phenology. Acrosathe vanduzeei has been hand-netted or collected in pan or Malaise traps in dry or moist washes and on dunes. One adult has been collected from the nest of Bembix comata [= americana comata Parker]. Holston (2005) described the community structure and habitat partitioning of A. vanduzeei (as A. novella). Adults have been collected from March through October and December. Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Thereva vanduzeei Cole is labeled " San Francisco, Golden Gate Pk., VI- 6 - 20, Cal. " and is in the CAS (Type No. 1490). Other specimens. UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA. Del Norte County. near Crescent City [41.866, - 124.211], 1. VI. 2002, Reeves, W., 1 ♂ MEI 141487 (MEIC). Humboldt County. Clam Beach [40.993, - 124.112], 21. VI. 1935, Melander, A. L., 1 ♂ MEI 113687 (USNM). Los Angeles County. El Segundo [33.919, - 118.416], 7. IX. 1967, Irwin, M. E., Quezada, J. R., 1 ♀ MEI 012316 (MEIC), sand dune; West Los Angeles International Airport [33.943, - 118.408], 26. VIII. 1976, Rude, P., Doyen, J., 3 ♂ MEI 011880 – 2, 2 ♀ 011879, 011885, dunes, 1 ♂ 011886 (EMEC), sifted / dunes. Marin County. 1.6 km S McClureís Beach [38.173, - 122.964], 29. VII. 1964, Toschi, C. A., 3 ♂ MEI 012122, 012127 – 8, 1 ♀ 121117 (EMEC); 3.2 km N Point Reyes [38.03, - 122.996], 4. VI. 1956, Barnes, A. M., 3 ♂ MEI 012130, 012137, 012140, 1 ♀ 012118 (EMEC); Dillon Beach [38.251, - 122.964], 6. VI. 1962, Michelbacher, A. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012121 (EMEC); Point Reyes [38.086, - 122.953], 16. V. 1937, Bohart, G. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012135 (EMEC); 17. VII. 1967, Irwin, M. E., 5 ♂ MEI 012314 – 5, 012337, 012343 – 4, 1 ♀ 012332 (MEIC); 18. V. 2001, Holston, K. C., 1 ♂ MEI 157894, 1 ♀ 157895 (INHS), vegetated dunes; 22. VII. 1974, Doyen, Slobodchikoff, 1 ♀ MEI 012043 (EMEC); 20. VII. 1975, Middlekauff, W., 1 ♂ MEI 012053 (EMEC), dunes; 1. V. 1976, Rude, Doyen, 1 ♀ MEI 011868 (EMEC); 30. VII. 1976, Middlekauff, W., 4 ♂ MEI 012042, 012045, 012056, 012074 (EMEC), dunes; 23. V. 1970, Dietz, R. E., 1 ♂ MEI 164283, 1 ♀ 163532 (EMEC), coastal dunes; Furneaux, K. D., 2 ♂ MEI 164287 – 8 (EMEC); Olson, G. R., 1 ♀ MEI 161354 (EMEC); Schlinger, E. I., 5 ♂ MEI 164277 – 8, 164284 – 6, 3 ♀ 161346 – 7, 164299 (EMEC); Shon, F., 1 ♀ MEI 161353 (EMEC); 8. V. 1971, Hochberg, M., 1 ♂ MEI 013069 (EMEC); 14. V. 1971, Ewing, H., 1 ♂ MEI 164271 (EMEC); Hislop, R., 1 ♀ MEI 161348 (EMEC); Loggins, P., 2 ♂ MEI 164273, 164275, 1 ♀ 161349 (EMEC); Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 164260, 6 ♀ 164290 – 4, 164298 (EMEC); Voegtlin, D., 3 ♂ MEI 164268, 164280, 161352 (EMEC); Wahl, K., 1 ♂ MEI 164276 (EMEC); 15. V. 1971, Ali, E., 3 ♂ MEI 164261, 164270, 164279 (EMEC); Coville, R., 1 ♂ MEI 164282 (EMEC); Ewing, H., 3 ♂ MEI 164269, 164272, 164281, 2 ♀ 161350 – 1 (EMEC); Schlinger, E. I., 3 ♂ MEI 164262 – 4, 1 ♀ 164295 (EMEC); Voegtlin, D., 1 ♂ MEI 164267 (EMEC); 23. V. 1971, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 164266 (EMEC); 13. V. 1972, Davidson, P. C., 1 ♂ MEI 011863 (EMEC); Davidson, P. C., 1 ♂ MEI 011864 (EMEC); First, P. D., 1 ♂ CIS 126578 (EMEC); Gregory, R. C., 4 ♂ MEI 011856 – 7, 011867, 011869, 2 ♀ 011871, 164297 (EMEC); Griswold, C. E., 1 ♂ CIS 132806, 1 ♀ CIS 132807 (EMEC); Kuba, S. C., 1 ♂ MEI 011865 (EMEC); Landwehr, V. R., 2 ♂ MEI 164264 – 5 (EMEC); Rogers, F. J., 1 ♀ CIS 114504, 5 ♂ MEI 011858 – 62 (EMEC); Schlinger, E. I., 4 ♂ MEI 011849 – 52, 1 ♀ 011847 (EMEC); Szerlip, S. L., 1 ♂ MEI 011848 (EMEC); Warner, R. W., 2 ♂ CIS 124629 – 30 (EMEC); 11. V. 1974, Bringhurst, A., 1 ♂ MEI 011873 (EMEC); Lem, R., 1 ♂ MEI 011870 (EMEC); Pistochini, G., 1 ♂ MEI 011872 (EMEC); Tilles, D., 1 ♀ MEI 011866 (EMEC); 10. V. 1975, Sakai, G., 1 ♀ MEI 164296 (EMEC); 4. VI. 1977, Keeleer- Wolf, T., 1 ♂ MEI 011855, 1 ♀ 011840 (EMEC); Schlinger, E. I., 2 ♂ MEI 011853 – 4 (EMEC); 10. V. 1980, Gooch, B. D., 1 ♀ MEI 011843 (EMEC); Schaupp, W. C., 1 ♂ MEI 011841, 1 ♀ 011842 (EMEC); 17. V. 1980, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 082101, 1 ♀ 082111 (EMEC); 24. V. 1969, Opler, P., 2 ♂ MEI 012094, 012129, 1 ♀ 012136 (EMEC); 23. VII. 1974, 1 ♂ MEI 012062, 1 ♀ 012059 (EMEC); 26. VII. 1974, 2 ♂ MEI 012067, 012073 (EMEC). Monterey County. Asilomar [36.621, - 121.935], 1. IX. 1945, Melander, A. L., 9 ♂ MEI 113631, 113740 – 5, 113790 – 1, 2 ♀ 113744, 113746 (USNM); 2. IX. 1945, 10 ♂ MEI 113629 – 30, 113632 – 4, 113770, 113786 – 9, (USNM); 3. IX. 1945, 18 ♂ MEI 113623 – 8, 113771, 113773 – 9, 113782 – 5, 1 ♀ 113772 (USNM); 2. X. 1946, 23 ♂ MEI 113599 – 609, 113614 – 7, 113702 – 7, 113723 – 4, 1 ♀ 113619 (USNM); 3. X. 1946, 10 ♂ MEI 113597 – 8, 113710, 113712 – 3, 113716 – 20 (USNM);?. X. 1946, 1 ♀ MEI 113618 (USNM); 18. VI. 1947, 1 ♂ MEI 113761 (USNM); 11. VII. 1957, 1 ♂ MEI 113612, 2 ♀ 113620 – 1 (USNM); 28. IX. 1946, 40 ♂ MEI 113638 – 40, 113642 – 3, 113646 – 80, 2 ♀ 113637, 113681 (USNM). Orange County. Seal Beach [33.741, - 118.104], 15. IV. 1990, Webb, D. W., Irwin, M. E., 2 ♂ MEI 083153, 163881 (INHS). Riverside County. Riverside [33.94, - 117.397], 17. III. 1935, Melander, A. L., 2 ♂ MEI 113684, 113686 (USNM). San Diego County. El Capitan Dam [32.883, - 116.811], 22. III. 1959, Rude, P., 1 ♂ MEI 012119 (EMEC). San Francisco County. Fort Funston [37.713, - 122.499], 6. VII. 1976, Rude, P., 1 ♂ MEI 011877 (EMEC); 26. V. 1984, Pulawski, W. J., 1 ♀ MEI 157347 (CAS); Lobos Creek [37.791, - 122.484], 6. V. 1960, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012139 (EMEC); San Francisco [37.775, - 122.418], 11. V. 1911, Kusche, J. A., 1 ♂ MEI 070534 (CUIC); 24. VII. 1920, Van Duzee, E. P., 1 ♂ MEI 157315 (CAS); 21. V. 1921, Fox, C. L., 1 ♀ MEI 157316 (CAS), sand dunes; 3. IX. 1921, 1 ♂ MEI 157321 (CAS), sand dunes; 18. VI. 1922, 1 ♂ MEI 157343 (CAS), sand dunes; 19. VII. 1925, Parker, J. B., 1 ♀ MEI 102065 (MEIC), ex nest Bembix comata; 23. V. 1927, Fox, C. L., 1 ♂ MEI 157314 (CAS), sand dunes; 29. VII. 1930, Painter, R. H., 1 ♀ MEI 012675 (KSUC); 30. V. 1933, Ross, E. S., 1 ♀ MEI 012668 (CAS); 23. V. 1949, Hildebrand, C. W., 5 ♂ MEI 157306 – 7, 157309 – 11 (CAS); 1. VI. 1949, 2 ♂ MEI 157300, 157303 (CAS); 2. VI. 1949, 1 ♂ MEI 157299 (CAS); 18. V. 1952, 5 ♂ MEI 157297 – 8, 157301, 157304, 157308 (CAS); 7. VII. 1952, 2 ♂ MEI 157302, 157312 (CAS); 28. III. 1961, Rentz, D. C., 3 ♂ MEI 157168 – 70 (CAS); 6. VI. 1920, Cole, F. R., 1 ♂ MEI 113596 (USNM), 2 ♂ 134320 – 1 (MCZ), 1 ♀ 113595 (USNM); Cole, F. R., Johnson, C. W., 1 ♂ MEI 134320 (MCZ); 15. VI. 1921, Cole, F. R., 9 ♂ MEI 011986 – 7, 011989 – 5, 2 ♀ 011996 – 7 (EMEC). San Luis Obispo County. Pismo Beach [35.143, - 120.64], 1. VIII. 1930, Painter, R. H., 1 ♂ MEI 012676 (KSUC); Winburn, T. F., Painter, R. H., sex? MEI 012326 (KSUC); 5. VIII. 1951, Murray, W. D., 1 ♂ MEI 157897, 1 ♀ 157896 (EMEC); 29. VI. 1959, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 073657 (CSCA); 18. VIII. 1964, Wilcox, J., 6 ♂ MEI 012400 – 5, 2 ♀ 012466 – 7, (MEIC); 7. VII. 1969, 1 ♀ MEI 012463 (MEIC); 8. VII. 1969, 1 ♂ MEI 012397 (MEIC); 24. VI. 1970, 1 ♂ MEI 012399 (MEIC); Rancho Guadalupe County Park [34.966, - 120.651], 21. VI. 1997, Holston, K. C., 3 ♂ MEI 107902 – 4 (INHS), sieved / foredune hillocks; Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes, SE dune ridge, Mills Farm [36.199, - 121.147], 22. VI. 1997, Holston, K. C., 5 ♂ MEI 101009, 101063, 101071, 101006, 101014 (INHS), stabilized dunes; Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes [36.199, - 121.147], 17. VI. 1997, Holston, K. C., 1 ♀ MEI 164005 (INHS); 6. IX. 1965, Castleman, D., 1 ♀ MEI 012504 (UCR); 14. VII. 1970, Wilcox, J., 4 ♂ MEI 012377 – 80 (MEIC); 1.6 km N Morro Bay [35.38, - 120.849], 25. VI. 1965, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 012550 (EMEC), sand dunes; 26. V. 1970, Wilcox, J., 2 ♂ MEI 012350, 012353, 1 ♀ 012471 (MEIC); 27. V. 1970, Wilcox, J., 3 ♂ MEI 012352, 012512 – 3 (MEIC); 24. VI. 1970, 1 ♂ MEI 012421 (MEIC); 15. VII. 1970, 2 ♂ MEI 012515 – 6 (MEIC); 16. VII. 1970, 1 ♂ MEI 012351, 2 ♀ 012470, 012472 (MEIC); 24. X. 1970, Wilcox, J., 2 ♂ MEI 012407, 012420 (MEIC); 1.6 km N Oceano [35.083, - 120.6], 1. IX. 1965, Stone, M. W., 1 ♂ MEI 012371 (MEIC); 7. IX. 1965, Stone, M. W., 12 ♂ MEI 012372 – 3, 012382 – 4, 012387 – 9, 012493 – 6 (MEIC); 11.3 km S. Oceano, Dune Lakes [34.997, - 120.611], 4 – 5. VI. 1971, Pinto, J. D., 6 ♂ MEI 012461, 012390 – 4 (MEIC); 20.9 km S Oceano, Oso Flaco Sand Dunes, Oso Flaco Road [34.911, - 120.611], 16. VI. 1991, Russell, D. E., 2 ♀ MEI 163842, 163876 (BEZC); 4.8 km S Oceano, Dune Lakes [35.056, - 120.611], 24. VIII. 1974, Powell, J., 4 ♂ MEI 012044, 012046, 012058, 012064, 1 ♀ 012048 (EMEC); 11. VII. 1973, 1 ♂ MEI 012116, 1 ♀ 012114 (EMEC); 5 km E Oceano, Dune Lakes [35.099, - 120.566], 28. VIII. 1976, Rude, P., Doyen, J., 1 ♀ MEI 011887 (EMEC); 1. X. 1964, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012109 (EMEC); 22. IV. 1966, Langston, R. L., 1 ♂ MEI 012492 (UCR); 7. VI. 1973, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012124, 2 ♀ 012050, 012055 (EMEC); 9. V. 1987, Russell, D. E., 2 ♀ MEI 163877, 163882 (BEZC); 10. V. 1987, Russell, D. E., 1 ♂ MEI 163873, 1 ♀ 083186 (MEIC); Grover City [35.12, - 120.61], 4. VII. 1956, Hurd, P. D., 4 ♂ MEI 011912 – 5, 1 ♀ 011893 (EMEC); Linsley, E. C., 1 ♂ MEI 011929, 1 ♀ 011930 (EMEC); 14. VIII. 1957, 4 ♂ MEI 011924, 011926, 011894 – 5 (EMEC); Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes, west border of Teixeira Farms [36.199, - 121.147], 19. VI. 1997, Holston, K. C., 6 ♂ MEI 100961, 100986 – 7, 101010 – 2 (INHS); 20. VI. 1997, 34 ♂ MEI 100887, 100893 – 4, 100897, 100899, 100904 – 5, 100907 – 9, 100911, 100915, 100930, 100934 – 6, 100940 – 2, 100947 – 8, 100959, 100976, 100979, 101001, 101005, 101019, 101029, 101041, 101046, 101052, 101064, 107976 – 7, 2 ♀ 100917, 101040 (INHS,), dunes; Morro Dunes, 9. VI. 1945, Melander, A. L., 5 ♂ MEI 113735, 113763, 113765 – 7, 113753, 1 ♀ 113764 (USNM); Morro Bay [35.379, - 120.853], 26. IX. 1946, Melander, A. L., 2 ♂ MEI 113696, 113699, 2 ♀ 113682, 113698 (USNM); 16. VI. 1947, 11 ♂ MEI 113729, 113733 – 4, 113736, 113738 – 9, 113749, 113754, 113756 – 8, 5 ♀ 113691 – 4, 113752 (USNM); 9. VIII. 1950, 8 ♂ MEI 113695, 113697, 113709, 113714, 113725 – 8 (USNM); 30. IV. 1962, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 012107 (EMEC); Hurd, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012133 (UCR); 26. VI. 1963, 14 ♂ MEI 012354, 012356, 012408 – 18, 012491, 3 ♀ 012468 – 9, 012477 (UCR); 4. VII. 1963, Hall, J., 2 ♂ MEI 012423 – 4 (UCR); 26. IV. 1968, Opler, P. A., 2 ♀ MEI 012068, 012105 (EMEC); Veirs, D., 1 ♀ MEI 012069 (EMEC); Opler, P. A., 1 ♀ MEI 012100 (EMEC); 12. IX. 1968, Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012475 (MEIC); 22. IX. 1968, 2 ♂ MEI 012419, 012514 (MEIC); 7. VI. 1982, 1 ♂ MEI 157183 (CAS); 10. VIII. 1969, Wasbauer, M. S. Wasbauer, J. S., 1 ♂ MEI 073036 (CSCA); 17. VI. 1947, Melander, A. L., 7 ♂ MEI 113730 – 1, 113737, 113747 – 8, 113759, 113780, 1 ♀ 113732 (USNM); 17. IX. 1947, 1 ♀ MEI 113760 (USNM); Oceano [35.099, - 120.611], 9. VII. 1969, Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012484 (MEIC); 9. VII. 1969, Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012485 (MEIC); 27. V. 1970, 1 ♂ MEI 012381 (MEIC); 16. VII. 1970, 1 ♂ MEI 012376 (MEIC); Oceano sand dunes [35.083, - 120.6], 11. VIII. 1962, Schlinger, E. I., 7 ♂ MEI 012364 – 70, 4 ♀ 012478, 012481 – 3 (UCR); Oso Flaco [35.029, - 120.621], 14. VI. 1970, Andrews, F. G., 3 ♂ MEI 039374, 052126, 073034 (CSCA); Oso Flaco Dunes [35.031, - 120.632], 19. V. 1990, Russell, D. E., 1 ♀ MEI 163878 (BEZC); Oso Flaco Lake [35.029, - 120.621], 13. VII. 1959, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♂ MEI 012624 (MEIC); Gardner, M. R., 1 ♀ MEI 012612 (MEIC); Menke, A. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012621 (MEIC); Parker, F. D., 2 ♂ MEI 012622 – 3 (MEIC); Tamaki, G., 1 ♀ MEI 012147 (EMEC); 19. VII. 1964, Irwin, M. E., 4 ♂ MEI 012559 – 60, 012564, 012567, 4 ♀ 012319, 012321 – 2, 012342 (MEIC); 22. VI. 1965, Brown, K. W., 28 ♂ MEI 012531, 012534, 012539, 012544 – 8, 012334, 012519, 012522 – 3, 012526 – 30, 012532 – 3, 012535 – 8, 012540 – 3, 012549, 12 ♀ MEI 012266, 012300 – 3, 012307, 012310 – 1, 012338 – 41 (MEIC); 29. VI. 1967, Irwin, M. E., Cronin, T., Larisch, S., 8 ♂ MEI 012521, 012524 – 5, 012551 – 3, 012561, 012563, 2 ♀ MEI 012304, 012309 (MEIC), coastal dunes; 23. VIII. 1968, Irwin, M. E., 2 ♂ MEI 012555, 012313 (MEIC), coastal dunes; 14. VI. 1970, Andrews, F. G., 1 ♀ MEI 052079 (CSCA); 16. IV. 1990, Webb, D. W., Irwin, M. E., 3 ♂ MEI 083150, 083167, 163879, 5 ♀ 0083146 – 9, 083166 (INHS); Oso Flaco Lake [35.029, - 120.621], 16. IV. 1990, Webb, D. W., Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 163849 (INHS); Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes Preserve, Oso Flaco State Park [35.029, - 120.617], 17. VI. 1997, Holston, K. C., 1 ♂ MEI 100985 (INHS); Irwin, M. E., 2 ♂ MEI 100968, 100974 (MEIC); Morro Bay State Park [35.354, - 120.832], 20 – 23. VII. 1968, Pinto, J. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012511, 1 ♀ 012476 (UCR); Pismo Beach State Park [35.108, - 120.63], 15. VII. 1967, Irwin, M. E., 3 ♂ MEI 012306, 012557 – 8 (MEIC), coastal dune; Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes [34.959, - 120.641], 2. VI. 1997, Holston, K. C., 4 ♂ MEI 152559, 161192, 163546,163548 (INHS); 3. VI. 1997, 1 ♂ MEI 163549 (INHS);?. VI. 1997, 1 ♂ MEI 107891 (INHS); 17. VI. 1997, 4 ♂ MEI 100971, 107874, 107897, 107917 (INHS), sieved; 19. VI. 1997, 4 ♂ MEI 107877, 107879 – 81 (INHS), sieved; 21. VI. 1997, 4 ♂ MEI 100998, 101008, 101013, 101015 (INHS); 22. VI. 1997, 2 ♂ MEI 107907, 107914 (INHS), sieved; 24. VI. 1997, 7 ♂ MEI 101004, 107898 – 900, 107906, 107915 – 6 (INHS), sieved; 25. VI. 1997, 15 ♂ MEI 100891, 100999, 101025, 101039, 101074, 107883 – 5, 107887 – 90, 107892 – 3, 107895 (INHS), sieved; 2. VI. 2001, 13 ♂ MEI 101062, 130044, 163988 – 97, 164004 (INHS); 27. VI. 2001, Alvarez, A. M., 2 ♂ MEI 164002 – 3 (MEIC); Pescadero Creek [37.264, - 122.406], 12. VII. 1975, Doyen, J., Opler, P., 1 ♂ MEI 012035 (EMEC); dunes, near Pescadero [37.255, - 122.38], 22. V. 1952, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♂ MEI 157178 (CAS), beach; Pescadero Beach [37.262, - 122.412], 25. V. 1991, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 083151 (MEIC), sifted; Pescadero Beach [37.262, - 122.412], 25. V. 1991, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 083152 (MEIC), sifted; San Gregorio [37.327, - 122.386], 15. XII. 1951, 1 ♀ MEI 107658 (BPBM), sea coast. San Mateo County. Año Nuevo State Reserve [37.117, - 122.326], 17. V. 1981, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 083723 (EMEC); [37.117, - 122.326], 17. V. 1981, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 083724 (EMEC). Santa Barbara County. 6. V. 1973, Doyen, J., 3 ♂ MEI 012110, 012112 – 3 (EMEC); Point Conception [34.421, - 119.697], 11. VII. 1979, Nagano, C. D., 3 ♂ MEI 012673, 012682 – 3 (LACM). Santa Cruz County. 32.2 km North Santa Cruz Beach [37.25, - 122.02], 16. VII. 1971, Coville, R., 1 ♀ MEI 163524 (MEIC). Siskiyou County. Panther Meadows [41.355, - 122.199], 2255 m, 9. VIII. 1967, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 157203 (CAS). Sonoma County. Bodega Bay, Salmon Creek Beach [38.333, - 123.047], 27. VI. 1965, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 012333 (MEIC). Ventura County. McGrath State Beach [34.214, - 119.253], 8. V. 2001, Holston, K. C., 3 ♂ MEI 163550, 164000 – 1 (INHS); mouth of Ventura River [34.276, - 119.307], 24. IV. 1966, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012111 (EMEC); Point Mugu Naval Air Station [34.086, - 119.06], 13 – 20. IX. 1978, Nagano, C. D., Hougue, J. M., 3 ♂ MEI 012503, 012671 – 2 (LACM), yellow pan trap; Sespe Canyon (Gorge) [34.579, - 119.257], 10. VII. 1959, Campbell, C. A., 1 ♂ MEI 011998 (MEIC); South end Ormond Beach [34.137, - 119.183], 14. IX. 1996, Gates, M. W., 1 ♀ MEI 153392 (MEIC).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFD0D57BFF1AFAB32A4D3804.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Acrosathe vialis is similar to A. falcata in having the eyes holoptic, the ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally, the wing veins and cross-veins lacking a dark brown margin, and having the setae on the head and thorax white to dark yellow. It differs from A. falcata in having the male sternite 8 (Fig. 44) with setae continuous across posterior margin; the aedeagus with AAP (Figs. 48) curved dorsally, extending two-thirds length of distiphallus, with apex recurved (Fig. 46); and the gonostylus dorsal view (as in Fig. 21) lacking a lateral, pointed flange. The female of Acrosathe vialis is similar to A. bimaculata and A. otiosa in having the frons with a dark brown pubescent area (as in Fig. 7). Acrosathe vialis and A. bimaculata are separated from A. otiosa in lacking a brown margin on the wing veins and cross-veins. It is separated from A. bimaculata in having the scape subequal to the width of the flagellum and the furca (Fig. 49) narrow, elongate, over twice as long as wide.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFD0D57BFF1AFAB32A4D3804.taxon	description	Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.3 – 9.1, 8.1 mm. Head. Length 0.92 – 1.42, 1.09 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray; setae black, elongate. Eyes holoptic, separated by distance 0.1 times width of median ocellus; ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons pubescence gray, dense, dark brown along dorsal margin; setae primarily white (occasionally intermixed with dark brown setae; occasionally completely dark brown). Antenna dark brown, pubescence gray, dense on scape and pedicel; antenna / head length 0.77 – 1.20, 0.82; scape length 0.24 – 0.40, 0.35 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.16 mm, length / width 1.7 – 2.5, 2.2, scape / pedicel length 2.4 – 4.2, 3.1, scape / flagellum width 1.0 – 1.1, 1.1, setae white, elongate, macrosetae dark reddish brown; pedicel length 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.15 mm, length / width 0.63 – 0.86, 0.74, setae white (occasionally intermixed with dark brown setae); flagellum length 0.35 – 0.42, 0.43 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.15 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.4, 2.9, flagellum / scape length 0.9 – 1.5, 1.2. Parafacial pubescence gray; setae white, elongate on lateral half (occasionally with dark brown setae dorsolaterally). Maxillary palpus brown, pubescence white, dense; length 0.28 – 0.66, 0.48 mm, width 0.06 – 0.12, 0.08 mm, length / width 3.5 – 9.7, 6.3; setae white, elongate. Genal setae white, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate; macrosetae dark brown (occasionally pale to dark yellow). Postocular macrosetae dark brown (occasionally pale to dark yellow). Thorax. Macrosetae dark reddish brown 2 – 3, 3 np, 1 – 2, 2 sa, 1 pa, 0 – 2, 1 dc. Mesonotum dark brown, pubescence gray, dense, vittae absent; setae white, elongate, erect. Postpronotal setae white, elongate. Prosternum setae white. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane hyaline, veins brown (occasionally with brown margin at apical margin of bm); length 4.8 – 6.7, 6.0 mm, width 1.5 – 2.3, 2.0 mm, length / width 2.5 – 3.2, 2.9; cell m 3 closed, petiolate. Halter stalk dark brown, knob dark yellow. Legs. Coxae dark brown, pubescence whitish gray, dense; setae white, elongate; apical macrosetae dark reddish brown, hindcoxa with 1 posterolateral macroseta. Femora dark brown, pubescence whitish gray, dense; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal setae white, appressed. Tibiae dark yellow becoming dark reddish brown apically. Tarsus 1 dark yellow, apex dark reddish brown; 2 – 5 dark reddish brown. Abdomen. Pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed; lateral setae white, erect. Terminalia (MEI 072392) dark reddish brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 43), setae white. Sternite 8 (Fig. 44) rectangular, sides tapered posteriorly; posterior margin slightly emarginate medially; setae white, continuous across posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 43), dark brown, longer medially than wide; anterior margin broadly emarginate with sclerotized collar; posterolateral margin pointed; setae white. Cerci (Fig. 43) ending distal to apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 43), posterior margin truncate, ending basal to apex of cerci. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 44), median margin straight then tapering towards narrow, clavate posterolateral projection, setae white, macrosetae dark brown; lateral view (Fig. 45) oval, tapered posteriorly to thick point. Gonostylus (as in Fig. 21). Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 46) narrow, sides emarginate, anterior margin rounded; ventral apodeme (Fig. 47) narrow, reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 46) tapered posteriorly, slightly bulbous apically, lateral view (Fig. 48) sinuous, AAP (Figs. 6, 48) sinuate, apex curved dorsally, extending three-fourths length of distiphallus; ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 46) reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.8 – 10.4, 9.4 mm. Head. Length 1.00 – 1.28, 1.14 mm. Frons pubescence whitish gray, dense on ventral third, brownish gray on dorsal third with large, dark brown, pubescent circle dorsolaterally (as in Fig. 7), pale yellowish brown pubescence between and ventral to dark brown pubescent circles; setae pale yellow, elongate on ventral fourth with dark brown setae ventral to ocellar tubercle. Antenna / head length 0.79 – 0.95, 0.85; scape length 0.34 – 0.44, 0.38 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.17 mm, length / width 2.1 – 2.8, 2.3, scape / pedicel length 3.1 – 4.0, 3.4, scape / flagellum width 1.0 – 1.1, 1.0, setae pale yellow, elongate; pedicel length 0.10 – 0.12, 0.11 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.16 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.8, 0.7; flagellum length 0.44 – 0.52, 0.47 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.16 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.7, 2.9, flagellum / scape length 1.2 – 1.5, 1.2. Maxillary palpus pale brown; length 0.44 – 0.64, 0.60 mm, width 0.06 – 0.12, 0.10 mm, length / width 5.3 – 8.0, 6.5; setae pale yellow, elongate. Genal setae whitish yellow, elongate. Occipital setae pale yellow, elongate; macrosetae dark brown. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 3, 3 np, 2 sa, 1 pa, 0 – 2, 0 dc. Mesonotum pubescence brownish gray; setae whitish yellow on prosternum, propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Length 6.7 – 7.5, 6.8 mm, width 1.8 – 2.5, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.4, 3.2; cell m 3 closed at wing margin or open slightly. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white to whitish gray, dense; dorsal setae white to whitish elongate on tergite 1 becoming short appressed posteriorly; lateral setae white to whitish yellow. Terminalia (MEI 011602) dark reddish brown, glossy. Furca (Fig. 49) oblong, greater than twice as long as wide, anterior margin rounded; length 0.86 mm, width 0.26 mm; anterolateral projection short. Immature stages. One male (MEI 012499) has been reared from a larva sieved at Zmudowski State Beach, California.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFD0D57BFF1AFAB32A4D3804.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Acrosathe vialis is known from Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming (Fig. 54). Habitats and Phenology. Acrosathe vialis has primarily been hand-netted or collected in antifreeze pit traps; in Malaise traps in riparian meadows, damp creek beds, and sand areas; or hand-netted on Salix gooddingii C. R. Ball and Salix lasiolepis Benth. Adults have been collected from March through November. Specimens examined. Type specimens. Six syntype males (MEI 134314 – 9) of Thereva vialis were examined from the MCZ (Type No. 10677) with the following label information: First label red with handwritten number " 10677 " and white border with typeset " Type "; second label white with handwritten " Yosemite, Cal., June 5, O. S. " [MEI 134316], " June 9, O. Sacken " [MEI 134418], " June 11, O. S. " [MEI 134415, 134419), and " June 14, O. S. " [MEI 134414, 134417]; third label white with typeset " O. Sacken " and " West. Dipt. " handwritten in ink. The male (MEI 134316) is designated as the lectotype (MCZ). This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of Thereva vialis Osten Sacken and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. The other males labeled MEI 134314 – 5, 134317 – 9 are designated as paralectotypes (MCZ). Coquillett based his description of Thereva novella on five males and one female syntypes from Los Angeles County, California. None of these syntypes could be found in USNM collection. Other specimens. UNITED STATES. ARIZONA. 16.1 km NW Ganado [36.071, - 109.647], 11. VIII. 1976, Chamberlain, W. F., 1 ♀ MEI 076503 (TAMU). CALIFORNIA. Yosemite National Park, 1. VIII. 1962, Dreisbach, R., Dreisbach, K., 1 ♂ MEI 134960 (MSUC). Alameda County. Sunol [37.6, - 121.9], 23. VI. 1939, Bush, W. C., MEI 011833 (EMEC); 16.1 km South of Livermore, Arroyo Mocho Stream [37.535, - 121.76], 30. VI. 1957, Burdick, D., 1 ♂ MEI 012018 (MEIC); 28 km NE Livermore, Mines Road, Arroyo Mocho [stream] [37.689, - 121.875], 27. VI. 1965, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 157202 (CAS); Arroyo Mocho, 32.2 km S Livermore [37.392, - 121.767], 13. VI. 1959, Powers, J. R., 1 ♂ MEI 012009 (EMEC); 4.0 km South Livermore [37.602, - 121.772], 29. VI. 1986, Pulawski, W. J., 1 ♀ MEI 157220 (CAS). Alpine County. 12.9 km S Markleeville, Carson River [38.579, - 119.779], 22. VI. 1962, MacNeill, C. D., 4 ♂ MEI 012663, 157171 – 3, 1 ♀ MEI 012666 (MEIC); Powell, J., 4 ♂ MEI 011725 – 8, 1 ♀ 012012 (EMEC); Markleeville [38.695, - 119.779], 12. VI. 1962, Allen, H. P., 2 ♂ MEI 072434 – 5 (CSCA); 22. VI. 1963, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 3 ♂ MEI 157163 – 5, 2 ♀ 157208 – 9 (CAS); Woodfords [38.778, - 119.821], 10. VII. 1958, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011670 (UCR); 4. VI. 1960, Strong, F. E., 1 ♂ MEI 011549 (MEIC). Colusa County. Colusa [39.214, - 122.008], 15. VIII. 1955, Schuster, R. O., 1 ♀ MEI 011617 (MEIC); 1. IX. 1957, Wasbauer, M., 2 ♀ MEI 011661 – 2 (UCDC). Contra Costa County. Danville [37.822, - 121.999], 28. VII. 1951, Williams, F. X., 1 ♂ MEI 157280 (CAS); 9. V. 1952, 1 ♂ MEI 157262 (CAS); 10. V. 1952, 1 ♂ MEI 157263 (CAS); 13. V. 1952, Williams, F. X., 2 ♂ MEI 157260, 157267 (CAS); 14. V. 1952, 8 ♂ MEI 157264, 157266, 157268 – 9, 157272 – 3, 157275 – 6, 2 ♀ 157270, 157344 (CAS), on sand near stream; 4. VI. 1952, Williams, F. X., 1 ♂ MEI 157186, 1 ♀ 157227 (CAS); 24. VI. 1952, 4 ♂ MEI 157261, 157265, 157271, 157274 (CAS); 11. VIII. 1952, 1 ♀ MEI 157228 (CAS). Del Norte County. Crescent City [41.756, - 124.201], 10. VII. 1930, Aldrich, J. M., 5 ♂ MEI 113574, 113576, 113578, 113581 – 2, 1 ♀ 113579 (USNM); Smith River [41.928, - 124.146], 22. VII. 1932, Aldrich, J. M., 1 ♂ MEI 113580 (USNM). El Dorado County. 11.3 km S Yellow Jacket Campground [38.787, - 120.385], 24. VI. 1981, Bezark, L. G., 1 ♀ MEI 163880 (BEZC), Malaise trap; 30. VI. 1987, 2 ♂ MEI 078706, 170177 (BEZC); 3.2 km S Kyburz [38.75, - 120.353], 1280 m, 26. VI – 3. VII. 1985, Eichlin, T. D., 3 ♂ MEI 072543 – 4, 072550 (CSCA), antifreeze pit trap; Echo Lake [38.834, - 120.041], 26. VII. 1966, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 157218 (CAS); Ice House Road [38.828, - 120.364], 29. V – 16. VI. 2001, Holston, K. C., 3 ♂ MEI 081698, 082000, 157899, 3 ♀ 082008, 082010 – 11 (INHS), Malaise trap in riparian meadow; near Silver Creek, 11.3 km S Yellow Jacket Camp [38.744, - 120.385], 5. VII. 1986, Bezark, L. G., 6 ♂ MEI 078704 – 5, 164308 – 10, 164327, 1 ♀ 164343 (BEZC), sandy area; Silver Creek Campground [38.816, 120.38], 5 – 6. VI. 1973, Young, D. K., Young, D. C., 1 ♂ MEI 134968 (MSUC); China Flat, 28. VI. 1948, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 011770 (EMEC). Fresno County. Bear Creek Diversion Dam [37.335, - 118.973], 19. VI. 1975, Griswold, T., 1 ♂ MEI 072783 (EMUS); 24.2 km E Fresno [36.748, - 119.554], 19. VII. 1966, MEI 011541 (UCDC); Headley 17. IV. 1957, Rice, R. E., 1 ♀ MEI 011642 (MEIC). Humboldt County. 1.61 km S Blue Lake [40.883, - 123.983], 24. IV. 1959, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 072436 (CSCA); 3.2 km S Shively, Eel River [40.402, - 123.969],?. VII. 1985, Bezark, L. G., 4 ♂ MEI 164328 – 31 (BEZC); Blue Lake [40.881, - 123.99], 20 – 27. VI. 2007, Bradley, 1 ♂ MEI 075587 (CUIC); Eureka [40.802, - 124.163], 6. V. 1935, Baker, E. W., 1 ♂ MEI 157904 (AMNH); 11. VI. 1935, 1 ♂ MEI 164289 (AMNH); Grizzly Creek [40.486, - 123.906], 6. VIII. 1967, Bliven, B. P., 2 ♀ MEI 157206 – 7 (CAS); Miranda, on Highway 101 [40.235, - 123.823], 8. VI. 1952, Bliven, B. P., 1 ♂ MEI 157184, 1 ♀ 157226 (CAS); Richardson Grove [39.84, - 121.776], 30. IV. 1959, Haig, T. R., 1 ♀ MEI 072246 (CSCA); 6.4 km W Arcata [40.867, - 124.139], 26. VII. 1975, Buegler, M. E., Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♀ MEI 164335 (EMEC). Kern County. 5 km north of Kernville [35.795, - 118.417], 30. IV. 1972, Doyen, J., 1 ♂ MEI 011775 (MEIC); Bakersfield [35.356, - 119.005], 20. VIII. 1917, Bequaers, J., 1 ♀ MEI 081081 (MCZ); Miracle Hot Springs [35.67, - 118.41], 29. IV. 1964, sex? MEI 011825 (EMEC). Lake County. 5.6 km N Middletown [38.803, - 122.615], 19. IV. 1954, Schlinger, E. I., 6 ♂ MEI 011533 – 8 (UCDC); 8.1 km S Kelseyville [38.978, - 122.838], 10. V. 1953, 1 ♂ MEI 012698 (OSUO). Lassen County. 20.9 km S Ravendale, Secret Creek [40.799, - 120.364], 5. VI. 1970, Rude, P. A., 1 ♂ MEI 012070 (MEIC); Hallelujah Junction [39.776, - 120.038], 28. VI. 1962, Montgomery, E. J., 1 ♀ MEI 011604 (MEIC); 2. VI. 1964, Richerson, P., 1 ♀ MEI 011603 (MEIC); Slobodchikoff, C. N., 1 ♂ MEI 157175, 1 ♀ MEI 157176 (CAS); 22. VI. 1964, collector?, 1 ♂ 072795 (EMUS); Bohart, R. M., 3 ♂ MEI 011363, 011371, 011437, 2 ♀ 011599 – 600 (MEIC); Froebe, J. A., 1 ♂ MEI 011377 (MEIC); Parker, F. D., 2 ♀ MEI 011602, 011623 (UCDC); Richerson, P., 1 ♀ MEI 011601 (MEIC); Seminoff, S. G., 2 ♀ MEI 012007 – 8 (MEIC); Sharp, R. D., 1 ♀ MEI 012487 (MEIC); Slansky, J. E., 8 ♂ MEI 011360 – 2, 011364 – 8 (MEIC); Slobodchikoff, C. N., 1 ♂ MEI 157174 (CAS); Veirs, D. F., 1 ♀ MEI 072787 (EMUS); 2. VII. 1964, Froebe, J. A., 3 ♂ MEI 011372 – 3, 011378 (MEIC); Richerson, P., 1 ♂ MEI 011369 (MEIC); Slobodchikoff, C. N., 1 ♂ MEI 157162 (CAS); 7. VII. 1964, Miller, J. R., 1 ♂ MEI 011370 (MEIC); Denno, R. F., 1 ♂ MEI 011569 (MEIC); 30. VI. 1970, Villegas, B., 3 ♂ MEI 011560, 011566 (UCDC), 011573 (MEIC), 1 ♀ 011649 (UCDC); 28. VI. 1972, Casey, S. F., 1 ♂ MEI 011571 (UCDC); 11. VII. 1977, Johnson, J. B., 3 ♂ MEI 079924, 079927 (WFBM), 135013 (MSUC); 28. VI. 1962, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012204 (MEIC); 22. VI. 1964, Ellison, R. R., 4 ♂ MEI 012207, 012215, 012218 – 9, 3 ♀ 011622, 012252 – 3 (MEIC); Scott, R. E., 3 ♂ MEI 012205 – 6 (MEIC); Slansky, J. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012213 (MEIC); Slobodchikoff, C. N., 1 ♂ MEI 157177 (CAS); 1. VII. 1964, Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 011621 (UCDC); 2. VII. 1964, Irwin, M. E., 3 ♂ MEI 012202 – 3, 012217, 3 ♀ 012254 – 6, 012265 (MEIC); Slobodchikoff, C. N., 2 ♀ MEI 157224 – 5 (CAS); 30. VI. 1970, Chandler, D. S., 1 ♂ MEI 011567 (UCDC); 11. VII. 1970, 1 ♀ MEI 011654 (UCDC); 28. VI. 1972, Kok, M. L., 1 ♂ MEI 011568 (UCDC); 13. VII. 1972, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011651 (UCDC); 28. VII. 1972, 1 ♀ MEI 011652 (UCDC); 1. VII. 1974, 1 ♀ MEI 011650 (UCDC). Los Angeles. Studebaker [33.92, - 118.096], 3. V. 1911, Timberlake, P. H., 1 ♀ MEI 012453 (MEIC); 2 ♂ MEI 113562, 113572 (USNM); date?, Johnson, C. W., 1 ♂ MEI 081082 (MCZ); 14. IV.?, 1 ♀ MEI 113563 (USNM); 15. IV.?, 1 ♂ MEI 113573 (USNM);?. IV.?, 1 ♂ MEI 113537 (USNM); 3 km N Hidden Hills, Bell Canyon, Simi Hills [34.217, - 118.65], 7. VIII. 1999, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 113527 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Angeles National Forest, Islip Canyon [34.2, - 117.867], 12. VI. 1974, Wilder, D. D., 4 ♀ MEI 157213 – 4, 157216, 157229 (CAS); Burbank [34.181, - 118.308], 25. III. 1939, 1 ♂ MEI 012011 (MEIC); Claremont [34.097, - 117.719], Aldrich, J. M., 1 ♂ MEI 113561 (USNM); Long Beach [33.767, - 118.188], 14. VIII. 1949, Melander, W., 1 ♀ MEI 113715 (USNM); Los Angeles [34.052, - 118.243], 26. IV. 1915, Van Duzee, M. C., 1 ♀ MEI 157339 (CAS); 30. IV. 1915, 1 ♂ MEI 081084 (MCZ); 9. V. 1915, 1 ♀ MEI 157338 (CAS); 31. III. 1978, 1 ♂ MEI 012688 (CUIC); Los Cerritos [33.847, - 118.161], 4. IX. 1915, Van Duzee, M. C., 1 ♀ MEI 157340 (CAS); Mount Lowe, Alpine Inn [34.233, - 118.1], 12. VI. 1921, Aldrich, J. M., 1 ♀ MEI 009225 (USNM); Pallett Creek [34.461, - 117.864], 14. IV. 1951, MacNeill, C. D., 1 ♀ MEI 012667 (MEIC); Pomona [34.051, - 117.771], 29. IV. 1933, McKenzie, H. L., 1 ♂ MEI 011552 (MEIC); Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga Canyon [34.039, - 118.583], 20. IV. 1961, Fisher, E., 1 ♂ MEI 012440 (MEIC); 17. V. 1964, 1 ♂ MEI 012446, 1 ♀ 012452 (MEIC); Tapia Park [34.085, - 118.706], 9. VII. 1963, Snelling, B. R., 2 ♀ MEI 012669 – 70 (MEIC); Whittier [33.979, - 118.032], 26. VII. 1923, Basinger, A. J., MEI 011829 (EMEC); Santa Monica Mountains [34.085, - 118.706], 20. IV. 1968, Fisher, E., 1 ♂ MEI 012443 – 5 (MEIC). Marin County. Arroyo Sausal, W of Point Reyes - Petaluma Road, Hicks Valley [38.146, - 122.711], 115 m, 15. VIII. 1987, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 157223 (CAS), Arnaud flight trap; Tocaloma [38.05, - 122.758], 13. V. 1962, O’Brien, C. W., 3 ♂ MEI 012232 – 4 (EMEC); North Beach [38.077, - 122.975], 0 – 30 m, 10. V. 1980, Hostettler, N., 1 ♂ MEI 128526 (FSCA). Mariposa County. Big Creek, Summerdale Forest Camp, Big Creek [37.492, - 119.633], 1520 m, 28. VI. 1973, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 3 ♂ MEI 157166 – 7, 157179, 3 ♀ 157199 – 201 (CAS); Fish Camp [37.479, - 119.639], 10. VI. 1942, Linsley, E. C., MEI 012144 (MEIC); Yosemite Valley [37.725, - 119.611], 22. V. 1908, 1 ♂ MEI 012657, 1 ♀ 170175 (MEIC); Cresson, E. T., Jr., 1 ♂ MEI 012655 (MEIC); Van Dyke, E. C., 1 ♂ MEI 157279, 1 ♀ 157341 (CAS); Summerdale Campground [37.492, - 119.633], 1524 m, 11 – 15. VI. 1973, Young, D. K., Young, D. C., 1 ♀ MEI 134987 (MSUC); Crane Flat, 2. VIII. 1962, Dreisbach, R., Dreisbach, K., 1 ♂ MEI 134982 (MSUC). Mendocino County. 30. V. 1920, Nunenmacher, R. W., 1 ♀ MEI 164345 (MEIC); 24.2 km west of Laytonville [39.68, - 123.698], 15. VI. 1972, Doyen, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012080 (MEIC); near Hopland, Russian River [38.97, - 123.11], 9. V. 1970, Powell, J. A., 4 ♀ MEI 012037, 012075 – 6, 012086 (EMEC). Mono County. 20.9 km NE Bridgeport, East Walker River [38.389, - 119.097], 27. V. 1974, Wasbauer, M. S., Wasbauer, J. S., 5 ♀ MEI 073047 – 51 (CSCA); 11.3 km E Bodie [38.21, - 118.908], 2. VII. 1964, Rude, P., 4 ♂ MEI 011766 – 9 (MEIC); 8.1 km N Bridgeport, Huntoon Forest Camp [38.287, - 119.302], 2073 m, 22. VII. 1966, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 157217 (CAS); Topaz Lake [38.679, - 119.533], 26. VI. 1957, Burns, J. M., 1 ♂ MEI 011740 (MEIC); MacSwain, J. W., 3 ♂ MEI 011731 – 2, 011745 (MEIC); Pritchard, A. E., 5 ♂ MEI 011739, 011741 – 4 (MEIC). Monterey County. 9.7 km W Greenfield, Arroyo Seco River [36.3232, - 121.2447], 16. VIII. 1964, Ballmer, G. R., 1 ♂ MEI 012235 (MEIC); 1.6 km SW of San Lucas [36.11, - 121.03], 1. V. 1975, Doyen, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012030 (MEIC); 8.1 air km SW Greenfield, Arroyo Seco River [36.269, - 121.294], 122 m, 3. V. 1975, Chemsak, J. A., 7 ♂ MEI 012026 – 8, 012032 – 3, 012054, 011846 (EMEC); 3. V. 1975, Szerlip, S. L., 4 ♂ MEI 012038, 012051 – 2, 012077, 1 ♀ 012034 (MEIC); 8. V. 1975, Rodgers, E., 1 ♂ MEI 012022 (MEIC), flight trap; 9 – 10. V. 1975, Rogers, E., 3 ♂ MEI 012025, 012031, 157294 (CAS); Carmel [Carmel-by-the Sea] [36.555, - 121.922], 1. IX. 1960, Santana, F. J., 1 ♀ MEI 128529 (FSCA); Salinas [36.678, - 121.654], 20. V. 1964, Parker, F. D., 7 ♂ MEI 011553 – 9 (UCDC); San Ardo [36.021, - 120.904], 1. V. 1975, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 011878 (MEIC); Zmudowski State Beach [36.841, - 121.804], 18. XI. 1976, Bezark, L. G., 1 ♂ MEI 012499 (BEZC), sieved; Santa Lucia Range [36.277, - 121.822], 15. V. 2001, Holston, K. C., 5 ♂ MEI 157881 – 3, 157887 – 8 (INHS). Napa County. Oakville [38.437, - 122.401], 6. IX. 1970, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 157212 (CAS); 11.3 km SE Truckee [39.256, - 120.11], 24. VI. 1954, Booras, S. D., 1 ♀ MEI 012095 (MEIC). Nevada County. 6 km N Hobart Mills, W Hillside at Sagehen Creek [39.435, - 120.212], 30. V – 17. VI. 2001, Holston, K. C., 2 ♂ MEI 157900 – 1 (INHS), Malaise trap; Boca [39.39, - 120.09], 28. VI. 1954, Blaylock, R. C., 20 ♂ MEI 011718 – 23, 011438 – 46, 011704, 011712 – 5 (EMEC); Goodwin, R. H., 5 ♂ MEI 011695 – 7, 011702, 011716 (EMEC); Powell, J. A., 5 ♂ MEI 011694, 011708 – 11 (EMEC); Schaefers, G., 7 ♂ MEI 011699 – 703, 011706 – 7 (EMEC); 3. VII. 1954, Booras, S. E., 1 ♂ MEI 011705 (EMEC); Hurd, P. D., 9 ♂ MEI 011687 – 93, 011724, 011698 (EMEC); 9. V. 1959, Moore, C. G., 1 ♀ MEI 011656 (MEIC); 26. VI. 1960, Parker, F. D., 2 ♂ MEI 011576 – 7 (UCDC); Gillogly, A., 1 ♀ MEI 012449 (MEIC); Brooks, R. W., 1 ♂ MEI 116857 (UCDC); Boca Dam [39.39, - 120.096], 5. VII. 1972, Casey, S. F., 1 ♂ MEI 011572 (UCDC); near Hobart Mills, Sagehen Creek [39.477, - 120.131], 4. VII. 1954, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012079 (EMEC); 9. VII. 1954, Blaylock, R. C., 1 ♂ MEI 012078 (MEIC); Truckee [39.328, - 120.182], 5. VI. 1939, Sierra, C. T., 1 ♂ MEI 072420 (CSCA). Orange County. San Juan Capistrano [33.502, - 117.662], 17. V. 1957, Karamanos, G., 1 ♀ MEI 012089 (MEIC). Placer County. Cisco [39.302, - 120.546], 5. VI. 1940, James, M. T., James, H. B., 1 ♀ MEI 075512 (CSUC). Plumas County. Taylorsville [40.075, - 120.839], 5. VIII. 1965, Haig, T. R., 1 ♂ MEI 072397 (CSCA); 4.8 km SE of Clio, Sulpher Creek [39.709, - 120.539], 2. VII. 1964, Rude, P., MEI 011827 (EMEC); 6.4 km W Quincy [39.946, - 120.998], 30. VI. 1949, MacSwain, J. W., 1 ♂ MEI 011818 (MEIC); Blairsden [39.781, - 120.616], 1341 m, 21. V. 1982, Powell, J., 1 ♀ MEI 011844 (EMEC); Blairsden [39.781, - 120.616], 8. VIII. 1965, Buckett, J. S., 2 ♀ MEI 011640, 011542 (MEIC); Chester [40.306, - 121.231], 7. VI. 1948, Knull, D. J., Knull, J. N., 4 ♀ MEI 164338 – 41 (OSU); 7. VII. 1948, 3 ♂ MEI 164332 – 3, 163850 (OSU); 4. VI. 1960, 2 ♀ MEI 164336 – 7 (OSU); 7. VI. 1960, 1 ♀ MEI 164342 (OSU); Keddie [40.015, - 120.96], 6. VI. 1918, Jones, F. M., 1 ♂ MEI 012656 (MEIC); Portola [39.811, - 120.468], 5. VI. 1915, Van Duzee, M. C., 1 ♂ MEI 157287 (CAS); Quincy [39.937, - 120.946], 25. IV. 1977, Haig, T. R., 1 ♀ MEI 072248 (CSCA). Riverside County. Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mtns, 1. VI. 1939, Smith, R. F., MEI 012099 (MEIC); Riverside [33.94, - 117.397], 20. IV. 1940, Timberlake, 1 ♀ MEI 012455 (MEIC); 5. V. 1940, Timberlake, 1 ♂ MEI 012457 (MEIC), Salix gooddingii; 28. VI. 1940, 1 ♂ MEI 012458 (MEIC), Salix lasiolepis; 6. IV. 1941, 2 ♀ MEI 012454, 012456 (MEIC); 24. V. 1950, Melander, A. L., 1 ♀ MEI 113708 (USNM); 10. VII. 1966, Sjogren, R. D., 1 ♀ MEI 078272 (UMSP); Riverside, Santa Ana River, 2. IV. 1964, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 012272 (MEIC); 28. IV. 1968, Noonan, G. R., Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 012274 (MEIC); 9. IV. 1972, Isbell, R. C., 1 ♂ MEI 012433 (MEIC); San Jacinto Mountains, San Jacinto [Mountain] Peak Trail [33.814, - 116.678], 1. VII. 1952, Menn, J. J., 1 ♀ MEI 011835 (MEIC); Folsom [36.67, - 121.15], 18. V. 1952, Haig, T., 1 ♂ MEI 012023 (CSCA). Sacramento County. Sacramento [38.582, - 121.493], 23. IV. 1922, Van Duzee, E. P., 1 ♂ MEI 157281 (CAS); 5. VIII. 1952, Blane, F. L., 1 ♀ MEI 072231 (CSCA); 3. IV. 1956, Grigarick, A. A., 2 ♀ MEI 011643, 011655 (MEIC); 18. V. 1956, Fidel, S. M., 1 ♂ MEI 011550 (UCDC); 29. V. 1956, 1 ♀ MEI 011646 (UCDC); 16. V. 1961, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011641 (UCDC); 19. V. 1961, Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 011545 (UCDC); 11. IV. 1970, Andrews, F. G., 1 ♂ MEI 072392 (CSCA); 2. V. 1965, Belmont, R. A., 1 ♂ MEI 072243 (CSCA); 15. VI. 1966, Wasbauer, M. S., 2 ♀ MEI 072442, 073675 (CSCA); 24. VI. 1966, 1 ♂ MEI 073676 (CSCA); 8. IX. 1966, 3 ♀ MEI 072232, 072234, 073674 (CSCA); 7. VI. 1966, 1 ♂ MEI 072394 (CSCA); 24. X. 1966, collector?, sex? MEI 073682 (MEIC). San Benito County. near Hollister, Casa de Fruta [37.389, - 122.656], 3. VI. 1999, Wells, S. A., 2 ♂ MEI 116988 – 9, 1 ♀ 116987 (CSUC); Pinnacles National Monument, 24. IV. 1948 [36.467, - 121.175], 24. IV. 1948, sex? MEI 011980 (MEIC). San Bernardino County. Mojave River, Deep Creek [34.105, - 117.099], 18. III. 1965, Stone, M. W., 1 ♂ MEI 012434 (MEIC); Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012450 (MEIC); Redlands [34.056, - 117.182],?. 1913, Cole, F. R., 2 ♀ MEI 012081 – 2 (EMEC); Rialto [34.106, - 117.369], 14. IV. 1938, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♀ MEI 012093 (EMEC); Verdemont, Union Pass [34.193, - 117.367], 28. IV. 1933, Van Duzee, E. P., 1 ♂ MEI 157295 (CAS). San Diego County. Descanso [32.835, - 116.623], 1280 m, 30. V – 6. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 151444 (MEIC), Malaise trap in damp creek bed; Lake Henshaw [33.232, - 116.759], 10. V. 1969, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 012003 (MEIC); Santa Margarita River, 1. V. 1984, Sponsler, R., MEI 012473 (MEIC). San Joaquin County. Staten Island [38.164, - 121.516], 9. X. 1957, Lange, W. H., 1 ♂ MEI 011570 (UCDC); Stockton [37.958, - 121.29], 3. V. 1947, Meyes, E. G., 1 ♂ MEI 011817 (MEIC); 6. VIII. 1982, Rond, J. de, 1 ♂ MEI 136217 (ZMAN); Pismo Beach [35.14, - 120.64], 2. VII. 1954, James, M. T., 1 ♂ MEI 101865 (MEIC). San Luis Abispo County. Paso Robles, along E side Salinas River [35.627, - 120.69], 17. IV. 1990, Webb, D. W., Irwin, M. E., 16 ♂ MEI 164299 – 307, 164311 – 7, 1 ♀ 083172 (INHS); 14.5 SW Atascadero [35.388, - 120.752], 26. IV. 1968, collector?, 1 ♀ MEI 012088 (MEIC); Morro Bay [35.366, - 120.849], 12. IX. 1968, Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012474 (MEIC); near Templeton, at Salinas River [35.55, - 120.705], 28. V. 1991, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 083158 (MEIC); Pismo [35.138, - 120.624], 25. IV. 1919, Van Duzee, E. P., 1 ♂ MEI 157293 (CAS); Pozo [35.304, - 120.376], 27. IV. 1962, Drew, J. K., 3 ♂ MEI 012013, 012438 – 9 (MEIC); 28. IV. 1962, Toschi, C. A., 2 ♂ MEI 011789, 012005 (EMEC); 29. IV. 1962, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012016 (EMEC). Santa Barbara County. Cuyama, Cuyama Valley, Clear Creek [34.94, - 119.61], 23. III. 1940, Dahl, R. G., 1 ♀ MEI 164344 (MEIC). Santa Clara County. Palo Alto [37.442, - 122.142], 19. IX. 1913, collector?, sex?, MEI 012097 (MEIC); 11 – 26. IX. 1920, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 113611 (USNM); 25. VII. 1956, Anderson, O., 1 ♂ MEI 157185 (CAS); San Jose [37.339, - 121.894], 5. IV. 1959, Stecker, R., 1 ♀ MEI 012600 (MEIC); 15. IV. 1961, Koenig, L., 1 ♂ MEI 012231 (MEIC); Smith Creek Ranger Station [37.323, - 121.668], 640 m, 20 – 21. VII. 1968, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 3 ♀ MEI 157196 – 8 (CAS); Stanford University [37.427, - 122.169], 30. IV. 1920, Cole, F. R., MEI 011824 (EMEC); 2. V. 1920, 1 ♂ MEI 011823 (EMEC); 5. V. 1920, 1 ♂ MEI 011821 (MEIC); 10. V. 1920, 1 ♂ MEI 011819, 1 ♀ 012087 (EMEC); 15. V. 1920, 1 ♂ MEI 011820 (EMEC). Santa Cruz County. Santa Cruz Mountains, 5. V.?, 1 ♀ MEI 081088 (MCZ); 10. V.?, 1 ♂ MEI 081086 (MCZ); 1. V. 1910, 2 ♂ MEI 113568, 113570, 2 ♀ 113567, 113569 (USNM); Mann, W. M., 1 ♂ MEI 113565 (USNM). Shasta County. 3.2 km W Shingletown [40.493, - 121.917], 838 m, 20. VII. 1987, Miller, R. B., 1 ♀ MEI 128530 (FSCA). Sierra County. Little Truckee River [39.502, - 120.261], 24. V. 2001, Holston, K. C., 3 ♂ MEI 157884 – 6 (INHS). Siskiyou County. 1.6 km East Ash Creek, Cattle Camp [41.408, - 121.79], 15. VI. 1976, Coville, R. E., MEI 011845 (EMEC); McBride Springs [41.354, - 122.281], 1585 m, 10 – 17. VI. 1974, Green, L., 1 ♂ MEI 012049 (MEIC); Mount Shasta, Panther Meadows [41.355, - 122.199], 2347 m, 13. VII. 1988, Fisher, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 072380 (CSCA); Mt. Shasta Ski Bowl [41.322, - 122.202], 2347 m, 1. VIII. 1982, Fisher, E. M., 3 ♂ MEI 0723178, 072320, 2 ♀ 072319, 072321 (CSCA); Penny Pines Plantation [41.76, - 122.48], 19 – 22. V. 1980, Bezark, L. G., 1 ♀ MEI 163841 (BEZC); Shasta Springs [41.247, - 122.26], 13. VI. 1920, Fox, C. I., 4 ♂ MEI 012085, 157252, 157254, 157259, 3 ♀ 157253, 157331 – 2 (CAS). Solono County. Solano Lake, 14. V. 1971, Grissell, E. E., 2 ♂ MEI 011574 – 5 (UCDC). Sonoma County. Mesa Grande [Villa Grande] [38.473, - 123.024],?. V. 1908, Baumberger, J. P., 2 ♂ MEI 012658, 012660, 1 ♀ 012662 (MEIC);?. VI. 1908, 1 ♂ MEI 012659, 1 ♀ 012661 (MEIC); along Russian River [38.497, - 123.011], 15 m, 28. VIII. 1977, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 157221 (CAS). Stanislaus County. 12.9 km N Modesto, along Russian River [37.754, - 120.999], 25. IV. 1976, Smith, N. J., 1 ♀ MEI 116854 (UCDC); Patterson, San Joaquim River, end of Pomelo Avenue [37.472, - 121.124], 29. V. 1989, Nelson, C. R., Shipp, D. B., 10 ♂ MEI 157240 – 9, 2 ♀ 157330, 157346 (CAS); end of Pomelo Avenue, Turlock [37.495, - 120.846], 22. VIII. 1950, Allen, R. P., 1 ♀ MEI 157342 (CAS); Del Puerto Canyon [37.488, - 121.206], 27. V. 1987, Roig, A., Wasbauer, M. S., 1 ♀ MEI 072612 (CSCA), Malaise trap. Tehoma County. Red Bluff [40.184, - 122.239], 29. IV – 8. V. 1984, Chandler, D. S., 1 ♂ MEI 076748 (DENH), sweep-net by pond. Trinity County. Carrville [41.065, - 122.703], 732 – 762 m, 16. V. 1934, Aitken, T. G. H., MEI 011822 (EMEC); Coffee Creek Rcn. [Coffee Creek Picnic Area] [36.15, - 118.75], 914 m, 8. VIII. 1969, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 012004 (EMEC); Hayfork Ranger Station [40.553, - 123.163], 23. V. 1973, Doyen, J., 1 ♂ MEI 011779 (MEIC); Junction City [40.733, - 123.053], 1. VI. 1975, Haig, T. R., 4 ♂ MEI 072476 – 7, 072480 – 2 (CSCA); 17. VI. 1975, Haig, T. R., 8 ♂ MEI 072459 – 62, 072491 – 4 (CSCA); 20. VI. 1975, 1 ♀ MEI 072244 (CSCA); 30. VI. 1975, 12 ♂ MEI 072432, 072471 – 4, 072484 – 90, 2 ♀ 072468, 072483 (CSCA); 7. VII. 1975, 1 ♂ MEI 072535 (CSCA); 1. V. 1976, 1 ♂ MEI 072478 (CSCA); 4. V. 1978, 8 ♂ MEI 072676, 072678, 072682 – 6, 072688 (CSCA); 17. V. 1978, 1 ♂ MEI 072699 (CSCA); 30. VI. 1978, 2 ♂ MEI 071248, 072245 (CSCA); 23. IV. 1984, 5 ♂ MEI 072519 – 20, 072527, 072533 – 4 (CSCA); Trinity Alps Resort [40.877, - 122.879], 2. VI. 1973, Bezark, L. G., 1 ♂ MEI 012447 (BEZC); 7. VI. 1973, 1 ♂ MEI 012497 (BEZC); Trinity Center [40.983, - 122.7], 5 – 9. VI. 1964, Pinto, J. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012437 (MEIC); Van Duzen Road [40.583, - 123.167], 14. VII. 1946, Bliven, B. P., 1 ♂ MEI 157193 (CAS). Tulare County. Badger [36.631, - 119.013], 29. VI. 1973, Bezark, L. G., 1 ♂ MEI 012498 (BEZC); Kern River, Campground No. 3 [35.807, - 118.453], 884 m, 11. V. 1971, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., Arnaud, M., 1 ♀ MEI 157219 (CAS). Tuloumne County. Smokey Jack Camp [37.8, - 119.5], 19. VI. 1959, Montgomery, J., Peters, T. M., 1 ♂ MEI 012674 (MEIC); Mather [37.867, - 119.85], 8. VI. 1961, Miller, D. R., 1 ♂ MEI 012236 (MEIC); Eleanor Lake [37.98, - 119.85], 2. VII. 1951, Downing, C. A., 2 ♂ MEI 011451, 011479 (MEIC); McClay, A. T., 33 ♂ MEI 011477 – 8, 011480 – 91, 011493 – 506, 011516, 011518 – 20, 011578 (UCDC); 26. VI. 1951, Morgan, R. W., 1 ♂ MEI 012039 (MEIC); 2. VI. 1951, Lawfer, D. P., 1 ♂ MEI 011563 (UCDC); Lake Eleanor [37.986, - 119.855], 2. VII. 1951, Kappos, S. M., 11 ♂ MEI 011748 – 57, 011761 (MEIC); Lawfer, D. P., 7 ♂ MEI 011733 – 5, 011746, 011758 – 60 (MEIC); McClay, A. T., 6 ♂ MEI 011498, 011579 – 83 (UCDC); Morgan, R. W., 5 ♂ MEI 011747, 011762 – 5 (MEIC); Puttler, B., 1 ♂ MEI 012462 (MEIC); Pinecrest [38.189, - 119.99], 7. VII. 1947, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 2 ♂ MEI 157278, 157289 (CAS); 12. VII. 1948, 1 ♀ MEI 157345 (CAS); 19. VII. 1948, 3 ♂ MEI 157277, 157290 – 1 (CAS); Strawberry [38.198, - 120.008], 23. VI. 1951, Ashlock, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 011737 (MEIC); Downing, C. A., 10 ♂ MEI 011458, 011464 – 8, 011470 – 1, 011475 – 6 (MEIC); 25. VI. 1951, 16 ♂ MEI 011452 – 7, 011459 – 63, 011469, 011472 – 4, 011564 (UCDC); 8. VIII. 1960, Cavagnaro, D. Q., 7 ♂ MEI 012220 – 6 (MEIC); 8. VIII. 1960, Colliver, G. W., 3 ♂ MEI 011773 – 4, 011778 (MEIC); 18. VI. 1961, Toschi, C. A., 1 ♂ MEI 011736 (EMEC); 15. VIII. 1962, 1 ♂ MEI 011771 (EMEC). Ventura County. Foster Park [34.353, - 119.311], 1. VII. 1959, Menke, A. E., 1 ♀ MEI 011658 (MEIC); 26. IV. 1964, Fisher, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 012442 (MEIC); Oxnard [34.198, - 119.176], 7. VII. 1959, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 011585 (UCDC); Sespe Canyon (Gorge) [34.579, - 119.257], 13. V. 1934, Anderson, E. G., 5 ♂ MEI 012647, 012092, 012648 – 50 (MEIC); 10. VII. 1959, Campbell, C. A., 3 ♂ MEI 011834, 011999, 011828 (EMEC); Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 011659 (MEIC); Spore, R. W., 3 ♂ MEI 0120002 (MEIC). Washoe County. 8.1 km W Wadsworth [39.634, - 119.358], 1. VIII. 1964, Buckett, J. S., 1 ♂ MEI 011514 (UCDC). Yolo County. 8.1 km W Rumsey [Ramsey], Cache Creek Canyon [38.88, - 122.309], 19. V. 1962, Montgomery, E. J., 1 ♀ MEI 011639 (MEIC); Capay [38.708, - 122.048], 11. V. 1964, Rice, R. E., 1 ♂ MEI 011539 (UCDC); Davis [38.545, - 121.739], 24. IV. 1936, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♂ MEI 011532 (UCDC); 27. IV. 1947, Hall, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 011632 (UCR); 15. V. 1948, MacNeill, C. D., 1 ♂ MEI 157282 (CAS); 4. IV. 1951, Bechtel, R. C., 1 ♀ MEI 011611 (UCDC); 21. IV. 1951, Strickcher, J. R., 1 ♂ MEI 011530 (UCDC); 23. IV. 1951, McClay, A. T., 1 ♀ MEI 011615 (UCDC); 4. V. 1951, Bechtel, R. C., 1 ♀ MEI 011635 (UCDC); McClay, A. T., 1 ♀ MEI 011634 (MEIC); Schlinger, E. I., 2 ♂ MEI 011512, 011531 (UCDC), 1 ♀ 011631 (UCR); 5. V. 1951, Bechtel, R. C., 1 ♂ MEI 011529, 1 ♀ 011629 (UCDC); 7. V. 1951, McClay, A. T., 2 ♀ MEI 011628, 011630 (MEIC); 8. V. 1951, Bechtel, R. C., 2 ♀ MEI 011624 – 5 (UCDC); McClay, A. T., 1 ♂ MEI 011528, 1 ♀ 011614 (UCDC); 16. V. 1951, 1 ♂ MEI 011527, 1 ♀ 011633 (UCDC); 3. IV. 1952, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♀ MEI 011613 (UCDC); 5. IV. 1952, 1 ♂ MEI 011508 (UCDC); 16. IV. 1952, 1 ♀ MEI 011627 (UCDC); 17. IV. 1952, Bechtel, R. C., 1 ♂ MEI 011510 (UCDC); Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 011513 (UCDC); 23. IV. 1952, 5 ♂ MEI 011507, 011509, 011511, 011523, 011525, 2 ♀ 011612, 011626 (UCDC); Hall, J. C., 4 ♂ MEI 011521 – 2, 011524, 011526 (UCDC); 25. IV. 1954, Laemmlen, F. F., 1 ♀ MEI 049277 (PURC); 30. VIII. 1956, Bechtel, R. C., 1 ♀ MEI 011657 (UCDC); 28. IV. 1957, Schoeppner, R. F., 1 ♂ MEI 011645 (MEIC);?. IV. 1957, Schoeppner, R. F., 1 ♀ MEI 170178 (MEIC); 4. V. 1957, Rice, R. E., 1 ♀ MEI 011547 (UCDC); 10. VII. 1957, Schoeppner, R. F., 1 ♂ MEI 011785 (MEIC); 30. V. 1958, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011644 (UCDC); 27. IV. 1959, Menke, A. E., 1 ♀ MEI 011683 (MEIC); 14. V. 1959, Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 011647 (UCDC); 8. IV. 1961, 1 ♂ MEI 011544 (UCDC); 8. V. 1961, 1 ♂ MEI 011543 (UCDC); 26. VI. 1970, Downing, C. A., 1 ♂ MEI 011565 (MEIC); 21. V. 1976, Villegas, B., 1 ♂ MEI 125669 (UCDC); 21. V. 1986, Mead, A. R., Cazier, M. A., 1 ♀ MEI 164347 (MEIC); opposite Sacramento, West bank of Sacramento River [38.584, - 121.511], 15. VI. 1986, Slansky, J. E.; Wasbauer, M. S., 2 ♀ MEI 157204 – 5 (CAS); Putah Canyon, 8. IV. 1951, Fitch, C., 1 ♀ MEI 011636 (MEIC); 9. IV. 1957, Bechtel, R. C., 1 ♂ MEI 011551 (UCDC); 11. IV. 1957, Grigarick, A. A., 1 ♂ MEI 011540, 1 ♀ 011638 (MEIC); Rumsey [Ramsey] [38.76, - 122.15], 21. IV. 1956, Krtz, E. A., 1 ♀ MEI 011637 (MEIC). IDAHO. Canyon County. Parma [43.785, - 116.942], 678 m, 1. VI. 1928, Lanchester, H., 2 ♂ MEI 113584 – 5 (USNM). Cassia County. 9.7 km NE Malta [42.368, - 113.307], 1. IX. 1962, Hewitt, G. B., 1 ♂ MEI 012581 (WFBM). Elmore County. 38.6 km NE Boise, Grimes Creek, Hwy 21 [43.852, - 115.981], 24. VI. 1993, Bezark, L. G., 1 ♂ MEI 164334 (BEZC). Fremont County. 9.7 km NW St. Anthony [44.028, - 111.743], 13. VI. 1963, Barr, W. F., 3 ♂ MEI 012580, 012588, 012593, 1 ♀ 012597 (WFBM); St. Anthony [43.966, - 111.681], 12. VI. 1963, Fillmore, O. O., 2 ♀ MEI 012598, 012601 (WFBM); Hewitt, G. B., 1 ♀ MEI 012599 (WFBM); 24. VI. 1964, Barr, W. F., 1 ♀ MEI 012604 (WFBM); Fillmore, O. O., 1 ♀ MEI 012606 (WFBM); Westcott, R. L., 4 ♀ MEI 012589, 012603, 012607 – 8 (MEIC). Gooding County. 1.6 km NE Gooding, Wood River [42.949, - 114.702], 6. VII. 1980, Wasbauer, M. S., Wasbauer, K. M., 5 ♂ MEI 072621 – 2, 072624, 072628, 072633 (CSCA), Malaise trap. Idaho County. 16.1 km NE Lowell [46.247, - 115.492], 7. VII. 1963, Gittins, A. R., 7 ♂ MEI 012577 – 8, 012582 – 4, 012592, 012594, 1 ♀ 012605 (WFBM); 3.2 km S Slate Creek Ranger Station [46.606, - 116.301], 27. VI. 1963, Stecker, R. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012585 (MEIC). Lincoln County. 6.4 km E Dietrich [42.909, - 114.207], 23. V. 1964, Fillmore, O. O., 1 ♂ MEI 012579, 1 ♀ 012602 (WFBM). Nez Perce County. Lewiston [46.393, - 116.992], 12. V. 1901, Aldrich, J. M., 2 ♂ MEI 113566, 113577 (USNM); 6. X. 1961, Gittins, A. R., 1 ♂ MEI 012576 (MEIC). NEVADA. Lyon County. Dayton [39.237, - 119.592], 3. VIII. 1957, Haig, T. R., 1 ♂ MEI 011777 (MEIC); 30. V. 1958, 4 ♂ MEI 011772, 011776, 012015, 012017 (MEIC); 20. VI. 1958, 1 ♂ MEI 011449 (MEIC); 19. VI. 1964, Parker, F. D., 4 ♂ MEI 011447 – 8, 011450, 011619, 1 ♀ 011620 (UCDC). Washoe County. 1.6 km S Mustang [39.522, - 119.628], 7. VI. 1959, Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012230 (UCDC); Galena Creek [39.355, - 119.768], 29. VI. 1964, Thrailkill, W. K., 1 ♂ MEI 012586 (MEIC); Mustang [39.522, - 119.628], 9. V. 1959, Moore, C. G., 2 ♂ MEI 011546, 011548, 1 ♀ 011618 (UCDC); 30. VI. 1960, Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 011648 (UCDC); Nixon [39.832, - 119.357], 29. VI. 1927, Van Duzee, E. P., 1 ♀ MEI 157333 (CAS); Patrick [39.547, - 119.578], 16. VI. 1964, Bohart, R. M., 3 ♂ MEI 011400, 011420, 011429, 4 ♀ 011593, 011595 – 6, 011598 (UCDC); Ellison, R. K., 6 ♂ MEI 011398, 011406 – 7, 011410, 011412, 011423, 2 ♀ 011594, 011609 (UCDC); Gillogly, A., 8 ♂ MEI 012426 – 32, 012517, 2 ♀ 012447 – 8 (UCDC); Seminoff, S. G., 1 ♂ MEI 011686 (MEIC); Glenn, J. S., 6 ♂ MEI 011393, 011401 – 2, 011408 – 9, 011414, 2 ♀ 011589, 011597 (UCDC); Irwin, M. E., 19 ♂ MEI 01214856, 012158 – 65, 012176 – 81, 012184 – 5, 012227, 170174, 16 ♀ 012237 – 41, 012243 – 5, 012247 – 9, 12251, 012261 – 4 (MEIC); Kovacic, C. R., 5 ♂ MEI 011394 – 5, 011397, 011417, 011561 (UCDC); Parker, F. D., 16 ♂ MEI 011405, 011411, 011413, 011415 – 6, 011418 – 9, 011421 – 2, 011424 – 8, 011430 – 1, 4 ♀ 011590 – 2, 011610 (UCDC); Scott, R. E., 13 ♂ MEI 012166 – 75, 012182 – 3, 012186, 2 ♀ 012242, 012250 (MEIC); Sharp, R. D., 2 ♂ MEI 012500, 012502, 4 ♀ 012486, 012488 – 9, 012501 (MEIC); Slansky, J. E., 4 ♂ MEI 011403 – 4, 011433, 011435, 3 ♀ 011586 – 8 (UCDC); Slobodchikoff, C. N., 2 ♂ MEI 157155 – 6 (CAS); Thrailkill, W. K., 3 ♂ MEI 012572 – 4 (MEIC); Veirs, D. F., 5 ♂ MEI 072789, 072791 – 4, 2 ♀ 072796, 074826 (EMUS); 30. VI. 1964, Froebe, J. A., 3 ♂ MEI 011396, 011432, 011434 (MEIC); Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 012246 (MEIC); Slansky, J. E., 1 ♂ MEI 011436 (MEIC); Slobodchikoff, C. N., 2 ♂ MEI 157153 – 4 (CAS); Sullivan, D. J., 2 ♂ MEI 011684 – 5 (MEIC); Thrailkill, W. K., 1 ♂ MEI 012571 (MEIC); Reno [39.53, - 119.813], 9. V. 1959, Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012229 (UCDC); 9. VIII. 1986, Knight, J. B., 1 ♂ MEI 076895 (NVDA); Smoke Creek, 29 km N Sand Pass, 23. VI. 1980, Ferguson, W. E., 1 ♀ MEI 011660 (MEIC); Verde [39.518, - 119.988], 10. VI. 1960, Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 011653 (UCDC); 25. VI. 1954, Goodwin, R. H., MEI 012098 (MEIC); 16. VI. 1958, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011605 (UCDC); 4. VI. 1960, Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012228 (UCDC); 26. VI. 1962, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012192 (MEIC); 26. VI. 1962, Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 011383 (UCDC); 1. VII. 1962, Montgomery, E. J., 7 ♂ MEI 011374 – 5, 011385 – 8, 011390 (MEIC); 15. VII. 1962, Frankie, G. W., 2 ♀ MEI 076502, 076504 (TAMU); 9. VI. 1964, Thrailkill, W. K., 2 ♂ MEI 012569 – 70 (WFBM); 18. VI. 1964, Froebe, J. A., 2 ♂ MEI 011392, 011399 (MEIC); Gillogly, A., 1 ♂ MEI 012425 (MEIC); Glenn, J. S., 1 ♀ MEI 011607 (UCDC); Irwin, M. E., 16 ♂ MEI 012187 – 9, 012193 – 7, 012199 – 201, 2206, 012208, 012211 – 2, 012267, 4 ♀ 012257 – 60 (MEIC); Parker, F. D., 6 ♂ MEI 011379 – 82, 011384, 011391 (UCDC); Richerson, P., 1 ♂ MEI 011376, 1 ♀ 011606 (UCDC); Scott, R. E., 4 ♂ MEI 012190 – 1, 012209 – 10 (MEIC); Seminoff, S. G., 1 ♀ MEI 012006 (MEIC); Slobodchikoff, C. N., 5 ♂ MEI 157157 – 61, 2 ♀ 157210 – 1 (CAS); Veirs, D. F., 4 ♂ MEI 072784 – 6, 072790 (EMUS); 19. VI. 1964, Thrailkill, W. K., 3 ♀ MEI 012590, 012595 – 6 (MEIC); 27. VI. 1964, Veirs, D. F., 1 ♀ MEI 072800 (EMUS); 30. VI. 1964, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 012198 (MEIC); 24. VI. 1966, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♀ MEI 011608 (UCDC); 27. VI. 1966, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♂ MEI 011389 (UCDC). OREGON. Coos Count. Salmon Harbor Road [43.533, - 124.217], 45 m, 4. VII. 1999, Holston, K. C., 1 ♂ MEI 114480 (INHS). Deschutes County. 14.5 km NE Redmond [44.369, - 121.137], 14. VII. 1985, Eaton, E., 2 ♂ MEI 154661 – 2 (MEIC). Douglas County. near Roseburg [43.224, - 123.331], 31. V. 1983, Nidek, C., Nidek, A. V., 1 ♂ MEI 136214 (ZMAN). Hamey County. Alvord Basin, 29. IV. 1979, Cobb, Lightfoot, 1 ♀ MEI 012652 (UOIC), sand dunes; Burns [43.586, - 119.053], 5. VI. 1963, Goeden, K., 1 ♀ MEI 012686 (ODAC). Hood River County. Hood River [45.711, - 121.515], 2. VI. 1917, Cole, F. R., 4 ♂ MEI 011830 – 1, 011838, 012101 (EMEC); 6. VI. 1917, MEI 012103 (EMEC); 12. VI. 1917, 4 ♂ MEI 012142, 081087, 081089 (EMEC), 113564 (USNM); 20. VI. 1917, 2 ♂ MEI 011832, 170176 (EMEC);?. VII. 1917, 1 ♀ MEI 081085 (EMEC); 14. VI. 1920, Van Dyke, E. C., 1 ♂ MEI 157257 (CAS); 26. VII. 1921, Spuler, 1 ♂ MEI 101812 (WSU); 8. VII. 1927, Van Dyke, E. C., 2 ♂ MEI 157288, 157292 (CAS); 14. VII. 1932, Aldrich, J. M., 1 ♂ MEI 113583 (USNM); Mount Hood [45.538, - 121.567], 25. VI. 1975, Hanson, Knowlton, 1 ♂ MEI 073931 (EMUS). Jackson County. Shady Cove [42.6, - 122.8], 21. V. 1967, Schuh, J., 1 ♀ MEI 012700 (FSCA). Lane County. 4.8 km SW Dunes City [43.853, - 124.144], 24. VI. 1975, Powell, J., Opler, P., 1 ♀ MEI 012021 (EMEC). Lincoln County. Newport [44.637, - 124.052], 8. VI. 1925, Van Dyke, E. C., 1 ♂ MEI 157258 (CAS). Malheur County. 29 km E Juntura, Malheur River [43.745, - 117.818], 17. VI. 1965, Coeden, K., 1 ♂ MEI 012678 (ODAC); 49.9 km W Vale, Malheur River, Rt. 20 [43.983, - 117.693], 11. VI. 1964, Lavigne, R. J., 20 ♂ MEI 012626 – 35, 012637 – 46 (MEIC). Marion County. Champoeg State Park, [45.254, - 122.9], 91 m, 23 – 24. VIII. 1970, Sleeper, E. L., 1 ♀ MEI 113068 (CAS). Umatilla County. Hermiston [45.841, - 119.288], 11. VI. 1969, Goeden, K., 4 ♂ MEI 012680 – 1, 012684 – 5 (ODAC); Umatilla [45.918, - 119.341], 14. VII.?, Wilson, H. F., 1 ♂ MEI 012699 (OSUO). Wasco County. 12.9 km E The Dalles [45.629, - 120.996], 26. VI. 1975, Powell, J., 3 ♂ MEI 012020, 012024, 012060 (EMEC); The Dalles [45.601, - 121.182], 28. VIII. 1967, Brown, R., 1 ♂ MEI 012679 (MEIC). UTAH. Cache County. Cornish [41.976, - 111.953], 15. IV. 1973, collector?, 1 ♀ MEI 072799 (EMUS). Utah County. 19.3 km E Thistle [39.956, - 111.271], 11. V – 11. VI. 1984, Nelson, 3 ♂ MEI 133750, 133752 – 3, 2 ♀ 133751, 133756 (BYUC), Malaise trap. WASHINGTON. Columbia River, 1. V. 1919, Melander, A. L., 3 ♂ MEI 113236, 113556, 113690 (USNM). Adams County. Lind [46.972, - 118.614], 5. IV. 1919, Melander, A. L., 1 ♂ MEI 113233 (USNM). Asotin County. Clarkston [46.416, - 117.044], 28. VI. 1932, Aldrich, J. M., 1 ♂ MEI 113575 (USNM). Benton County. Kennewick [46.211, - 119.136], 20. V. 1921, Melander, A. L., 1 ♂ MEI 113587, 1 ♀ 113535 (USNM). Chelan County. 11.3 km N Wenatchee, near Sleepy Hollow Bridge, Lower Sunnyslope Road [47.525, - 120.309], 8. IX. 1986, 1 ♀ MEI 101829 (WSU); Cascade Mountains, Stevens Pass, White Rock Spring [47.746, - 121.085], 14. VII. 1930, 1 ♀ MEI 157334 (CAS). Grant County. O’Sullivan Dam [46.983, - 119.29], 2. V. 1954, Davis, H. G., 17 ♂ MEI 101692, 101715, 101726, 101729, 101742, 101760, 1017889, 101793, 101820, 101833, 101835, 101864, 101892, 101898 – 9, 101902, 101905 (WSU); James, M. T., 2 ♀ MEI 101776, 101834 (WSU); 7. V. 1955, 1 ♂ MEI 101791, 1 ♀ 101888 (WSU). Kittitas County. Thorp, Robinson Canyon [47.033, - 120.783], 7. V. 1977, Deyrup, M., Deyrup, N., 1 ♀ MEI 012505 (MEIC). Pacific County. Ilwaco [46.313, - 124.034], 7. VII. 1918, Spuler, A., 1 ♂ MEI 101837 (WSU); Seaview [46.333, - 124.054], 26. VI. 1925, Spuler, A., 2 ♂ MEI 101781, 101811, 1 ♀ 101756 (WSU); Tokeland [46.714, - 123.996], date?, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 113781 (USNM). Skagit County. Mount Vernon [48.421, - 122.333], 3. VII. 1924, Melander, A. L., 1 ♀ MEI 113683 (USNM). Whitman County. Wawawai [46.637, - 117.378], date?, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 113560 (USNM). Yakima County. Naches [46.731, - 120.698], 30. VII. 1941, Reeves, Brookman, 1 ♂ MEI 012691 (WSU); Tampico [46.53, - 120.87], 4. VII. 1923, Spuler, A., 1 ♀ MEI 101846 (WSU); Toppenish [46.378, - 120.308], 17. VI. 1923, Argo, V., 4 ♂ MEI 113586, 113588, 113590 – 1, 1 ♀ 113589 (USNM). WYOMING. Fremont County. 16.1 km S Shoshoni [43.091, - 108.11], 1 – 2. VI. 1966, Lavigne, R. J., 1 ♂ MEI 012636 (ESUW).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFEDD57AFF1AFC832A773E01.taxon	description	Arenigena appears to separate into two distinct species-groups based on the shape of the male inner gonocoxal process. The Arenigena marcida species-group of A. bajaensis and A. marcida have the inner gonocoxal process (Fig. 66) narrow and cylindrical. The Arenigena semitaria species-group of A. albiseta, A. floridensis, and A. semitaria have the inner gonocoxal process bilobed, flattened laterally with setae on the dorsal lobe (Fig. 58). Moderate sized flies, male body length 6.2 – 10.7 (n = 49), female 6.8 – 13.0 (n = 39) mm. Head. Ocellar tubercle raised above level of occiput. Male eyes holoptic, ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Frons with dark pubescent band and setae absent lateral to antennal base. Face slightly projecting beyond eyes (0.05 mm). Antenna shorter than head length; scape cylindrical, longer than wide, longer than pedicel, width subequal to width of flagellum, setae absent on medial surface, macrosetae dark brown; pedicel globular, wider than long, setae dark brown, short, absent on medial surface; flagellum with 3 flagellomeres, first flagellomere oval, apical third narrow, cylindrical (considerable variation was noted in the length of the cylindrical portion of the first flagellomere in some species), second flagellomere cylindrical, short, third flagellomere cylindrical, greater than 4 times length of second flagellomere, pointed apically, flagellum longer than wide, longer than length of scape, basal setae dark brown, short. Parafacial setae absent. Gena generally rounded, occasionally with anterior expansion. Maxillary palpus cylindrical, elongate, over 5 times longer than wide. Occiput concave, pubescence dense; macrosetae dark yellow, sparse. Postocular macrosetae dark yellow, elongate. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 pa, 1 – 2 dc, 2 sc. Postpronotal lobe concolorous with mesonotum; setae white, elongate. Cervical sclerite pubescence whitish gray; setae white, elongate; macrosetae absent. Prosternum setae white, elongate in and around central depression. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae on propleuron, proepimeron (occasionally absent), anepisternum, katepisternum (generally setae are abundant along the anterior margin, but in some species the pattern is sparse and patchy), laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum; absent on anepimeron and meron. Wing. Setulae absent on R 1. R 4 sinuate. Cell m 3 and cup closed, petiolate. Halter yellow. Legs. Coxae pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate; macrosetae yellow; hindcoxa with one posterolateral macroseta; midcoxa with setae on posterior area; hindcoxa lacking anterior knob. Abdomen. Male terminalia brown. Tergite 8 (Figs. 56, 64, 72, 80, 88) rectangular, anterior margin truncate, posterior margin broadly emarginate. Sternite 8 (Figs. 57, 65, 73, 81, 89) rectangular, sides rounded, posterior slightly emarginate. Epandrium (Figs. 56, 64, 72, 80, 88) quadrate; shorter medially than wide. Cerci (Figs. 56, 64, 72, 80, 88) free, ending basal to apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Figs. 56, 64, 72, 80, 88) ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium and apex of cerci; posteroventral area flat. Hypandrium (Figs. 57, 65, 73, 81, 89) dark brown. Gonocoxite ventral view (Figs. 57, 65, 73, 81, 89) separated medially, quadrate, sides rounded; inner gonocoxal process (Figs. 57, 65, 73, 81, 89) large, variable; ventral lobe (Figs. 57, 65, 73, 81, 89) short. Aedeagus with ventral apodeme (Figs. 61, 69, 77, 85, 93), broad, not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Figs. 60, 68, 76, 84, 92) tapered posteriorly; ejaculatory apodeme (Figs. 60, 68, 76, 84, 92) not extending to anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. Female terminalia reddish brown. Setae on median lobe of tergite 9 absent. Furca (Figs. 63, 71, 79, 87, 95) quadrate; anterior and posterior margins closed; lacking anteromedial and posteromedial projections; anterolateral projections short. Common spermathecal duct shorter than length of furca. Spermathecal ducts narrow, ending in large, oval spermatheca. Spermathecal sac large, spherical, narrowed posteriorly. Spermathecae 2. Species included. Arenigena albiseta spec. nov. Arenigena bajaensis spec. nov. Arenigena floridensis spec. nov. Arenigena marcida (Coquillett) Arenigena semitaria (Coquillett)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFEFD577FF1AFDE82AC53D8E.taxon	description	(Figs. 55 – 63)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFEFD577FF1AFDE82AC53D8E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Albus (Latin) = white; seta (Latin, female) = bristle. This name refers to the abundant white setae that cover the males of this species.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFEFD577FF1AFDE82AC53D8E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Arenigena albiseta is similar to A. floridensis and A. semitaria in having the inner gonocoxal process bilobed (Fig. 58). It differs from A. floridensis in having the gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 57) with a posteromedial aggregation of dense setae; the dorsal apodeme (Fig. 60) narrow, oval with the anterior margin rounded; and the furca (Fig. 63) rectangular, posterior margin pointed or rounded. It differs from A. semitaria in having the wing veins and cross-veins yellow, lacking a brown margin; the proepimeron setose across the dorsal margin; the male sternite 8 with setae continuous across posterior margin (Fig. 57); the gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 57) with a posteromedial aggregation of dense setae; the gonostylus (Fig. 59) lacking short, dark brown apical macrosetae and an apical tuft of setae; the dorsal apodeme (Fig. 60) narrow, oval, and the anterior margin rounded; and the furca (Fig. 63) broad anteriorly.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFEFD577FF1AFDE82AC53D8E.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 8.2 – 1.1, 9.9 mm. Head. Length 0.90 – 1.24, 1.09 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae pale white, elongate. Frons pubescence whitish gray, dense; setae absent. Antenna yellowish brown, second and third flagellomeres dark brown, scape with dense, white pubescence; antenna / head length 0.52 – 0.84, 0.72; scape length 0.18 – 0.28, 0.24 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 1.3 – 1.9, 1.7, scape / pedicel length 2.3 – 3.3, 2.8, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.0, 0.9, setae white, elongate, macrosetae dark brown; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.7, 0.6 setae dark brown, short; flagellum with apical third of first flagellum narrow, elongate, length 0.36 – 0.52, 0.48 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.17 mm, length / width 2.1 – 3.7, 2.8, flagellum / scape length 1.5 – 2.8, 2.0. Parafacial pubescence white. Gena rounded ventrally; setae white, elongate. Maxillary palpus yellow; length 0.42 – 0.50, 0.45 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length / width 5.5 – 7.3, 6.3; setae white to pale yellow, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate, abundant dorsally. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 3 np, 2 sa, 1 dc. Mesonotum dull brownish gray, pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate on propleuron, proepimeron (along dor sal margin), anepiste rnum, ka tepist ernum (abunda nt a long anteri or ma rgin), late rotergi te, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane hyaline, veins yellow; length 6.2 – 7.7, 7.1 mm, width 2.0 – 3.2, 2.6 mm, length / width 2.3 – 3.3, 2.7; pterostigma brown, narrow. Halter yellow. Legs. Coxae pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate. Femora dark reddish brown, pubescence white; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal setae white, appressed. Tibiae yellowish brown, apex dark brown. Tarsi 1 yellowish brown, apex dark brown; 2 – 5 dark brown. Abdomen. Pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, erect, abundant; lateral setae white, elongate. Terminalia (MEI 012010) brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 56), setae pale yellow. Sternite 8 (Fig. 57), rectangular, sides rounded, posterior truncate; setae pale yellow, continuous as narrow band across posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 56) quadrate; posterolateral margin broadly pointed; setae yellow. Cerci (Fig. 56), ending basal to apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 56), posterior margin deeply emarginate. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 57) quadrate, tapering posteriorly to broad rounded point with dense aggregation of setae posteromedially; lateral view (Fig. 58), oval, tapering posteriorly to blunt point, inner gonocoxal process bilobed, dorsal lobe thick with apical yellow setae, ventral projection narrow. Gonostylus lateral view (Fig. 59) thick, cylindrical, broadly curved posteroventrally; setae yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 60) narrow, sides rounded, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 61), broad, clavate, anterior margin rounded to slightly pointed; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 60) narrow; lateral view (Fig. 62) thick basally, thin apically; ejaculatory apodeme (Figs. 60 – 61) extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 8.4 – 13.0, 10.4 mm. Head. Length 0.88 – 1.22, 1.09 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae white. Antenna / head length 0.7 – 1.1, 0.8; scape length 0.18 – 0.30, 0.24 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.16 mm, length / width 1.3 – 2.1, 1.6, scape / pedicel length 2.2 – 3.0, 2.7, scape / flagellum width 0.7 – 0.9, 0.8; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, width 0.14 – 0.16, 0.15 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.7, 0.6; flagellum length 0.47 – 0.54, 0.51 mm, width 0.18 – 0.24, 0.21 mm, length / width 2.2 – 2.7, 2.5, flagellum / scape length 1.6 – 2.9, 2.1. Maxillary palpus length 0.50 – 0.56, 0.53 mm, width 0.08 – 0.10, 0.10 mm, length / width 5.0 – 6.5, 5.6. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 – 4 sa, 1 – 2 dc. Wing. Length 6.7 – 8.8, 8.0 mm, width 2.5 – 3.2, 2.8 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.2, 2.8. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence gray, denser on tergites 1 – 4 and most of tergites 2 – 7, tergite 8 glossy; dorsal setae white to pale yellow appressed. Terminalia (MEI 170263). Furca (Fig. 63) quadrate; length 0.37 mm, width 0.30 mm; anterolateral projections short, rounded. Immature stages. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFEFD577FF1AFDE82AC53D8E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Arenigena albiseta is known from Arizona, California, Colorado, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming (Fig. 55). Habitats and Phenology. Arenigena albiseta has been hand-netted and sweep-netted in sand and prairie habitats, and collected in pan, Malaise, and rotating traps. Adults have been collected from May through August. Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Arenigena albiseta Webb (MEI 119000) is labeled " 20 Mi. NE. Tuba City, Coconino County, Arizona, VI- 26 - 67, Ephedra cutleri, Peebles Join fir, Collectors J. H. Davidson, J. M. Davidson, M. A. Cazier " and is deposited in the USNM. PARATYPES. UNITED STATES. ARIZONA. Cochise County. Wilcox [32.253, - 109.831], 20. VIII. 1958, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 119081 (EMEC). Coconino County. 19.3 km NE Tuba City [36.251, - 111.122], 21. VI. 1967, Davidson, J. M., Cazier, M. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119061 (ASUT); 32.2 km NE Tuba City [36.34, - 111.034], 26. VI. 1967, Davidson, J. H., Davidson, J. M., Cazier, M. A., 3 ♂ MEI 119054, 119056, 170265, 1 ♀ 119094 (ASUT); 7.2 km E Moenkopi [36.111, - 111.157], 3. VI. 1967, Davidson, J. H., Davidson, J. M., Cazier, M. A., 5 ♂ MEI 119050, 119052 (INHS), 119060 (USNM), 119070, 170264 (ASUT); Moenave [36.139, - 111.337], 24. VI. 1967, Davidson, J. H., Davidson, J. M., Cazier, M. A., 1 ♀ MEI 170263 (INHS). Yavapai County. Prescott [34.54, - 110.468], 11. VI. 1902, Oslar, 1 ♂ MEI 029003 (ANSP). CALIFORNIA. Inyo County. 11.3 km S Oasis [37.383, - 117.914], 1539 m, 23 – 24. VI. 1992, Irwin, M. E., Yeates, D. K., 1 ♂ MEI 119040, 1 ♀ 170262 (MEIC), sweeping sagebrush; 27.37 km E Big Pine, Death Valley road [37.165, - 118.289], 2111 m, 21 – 24. VI. 1992, Irwin, M. E., Yeates, D. K., 1 ♂ MEI 119065 (MEIC), rotating trap. Lassen County. Hallelujah Junction [39.776, - 120.038], 27. VI. 1949, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♂ MEI 012010 (EMEC). Mono County. 14.5 km N Bishop [Inyo County], at Fish Slough [37.494, - 118.394], 1280 m, 19. V – 29. VII. 1980, Giuliani, D., 1 ♀ MEI 072636 (CSCA), pitfall trap. COLORADO. Alamosa County. [37.682, - 105.548], Brown, F. M., 1 ♀ MEI 119098 (INHS). Bent County. 4.0 km S Caddoa [38.012, - 102.968], 3. VII. 1990, Kondratieff, B., Kippenhan, M., Evans, H. E., 2 ♂ MEI 075522, 075525 (CSUC); 11. VII. 1991, Kippenhan, M., Kondratieff, B., Leatherman, D., Leatherman, M., Opler, P., 1 ♂ MEI 075528 (INHS), sanddunes; off County Road 37 and Route 50 [38.11, - 102.75], 30. VI. 1991, Kondratieff, B., DeJong, G., 1 ♂ MEI 075527 (CSUC); Road 26, S of Caddoa Creek [38.053, - 102.925], 14. VI. 1994, Evans, Kondratieff, 2 ♀ MEI 075529 (CSUC), 075530 (USNM). Costilla County. Blanca [37.438, - 105.515], 28. VII. 1948, Martin, D., Martin, C. H., 1 ♂ MEI 119073 (OSU). Larimer County. Fort Collins [40.585, - 105.084], 8. VII. 1900, 1 ♂ MEI 081079 (MCZ). Otero County. Colorado Route 109, MP 37, 11. VIII. 1990, Kondratieff, B., Leatherman, D., DeJong, G., Rhoades, C, 1 ♂ MEI 075526 (CSUC); Vogel Canyon, 1. VII. 1994, Kondratieff, B., 1 ♂ MEI 075531 (CSUC). Saguache County. Baca Grant [37.791, - 105.563], 27 – 29. VI. 1997, Pineda, P. M., 2 ♀ MEI 106465 – 6 (CSUC), pitfall trap. Weld County. 27. VI. 1970, Bell, R. T., 1 ♀ MEI 084512 (ESUW), pitfall trap. NEBRASKA. Thomas County. Halsey [41.903, - 100.269], 5 – 12. VIII. 1957, Henzlik, R., 1 ♀ MEI 034457 (UNSM), alcohol pitfall trap, prairie, 2 ♀ MEI 034455 – 6 (UNSM), sweep-net, prairie. NEVADA. Churchill County. 8.1 km NE Fallon [39.525, - 118.725], 18. VII. 1978, Bechtel, R. C., Martinelli, D. M., 1 ♀ MEI 076982 (NVDA); Blow Sand Mountains, 39.177, - 118.649], 28. VI. 1979, Bechtel, R. C., Martinelli, D. M., Horton, D. L., 4 ♂ MEI 119003 (INHS), 119090, 119077, 119088 (UNVR); Stillwater [39.522, - 118.546], 1. VII. 1965, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 119099 (MEIC). Humboldt County. 16.1 km N Winnemucca [41.118, - 117.735], 19. VI. 1985, Veirs, D., 1 ♂ MEI 072773 (EMUS). Lincoln County. [37.819, - 114.414], 12. VI. 1987, Bechtel, R. C., Knight, J. B., 1 ♂ MEI 076966 (NVDA). Mineral County. 14.5 km S Mina [38.256, - 118.085], 1. VII. 1965, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 119076 (MEIC). Nye County. Mercury [36.661, - 115.994], 4. VI. 1961, 1 ♂ MEI 133748 (BYUC). Washoe County. Bedell Flat [39.851, - 119.828], 29. VI. 1976, Knight, J. B., 1 ♂ MEI 076984 (NVDA). NEW MEXICO. Dona Ana County. 8.1 km SW La Mesa, dunes NW Black Mountain [32.07, - 106.759], 1311 m, 22. VIII. 1983, Forbes, G. S., 1 ♂ MEI 119082 (NMSU); Eddy County. [32.35, - 103.85], 3. VI. 1979, Burke, Delorme, Carrola, Friedlander, Schaffner, 1 ♂ MEI 076522 (TAMU). Lea County. 16.1 km S Hobbs [32.563, - 103.135], 29. VII. 1986, Gordy, P., 1 ♂ MEI 075378 (CSUC). Luna County. Deming [32.268, - 107.759], 4. V. 1933, Ball, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 119053 (MEIC). Torrance County. Moriarty [34.99, - 106.049], 29. VII. 1962, Anderson, L. D., 1 ♂ MEI 119102, 1 ♀ 119101 (MEIC). NORTH DAKOTA. McKenzie County. 2. VIII. 1977, Schutz, L. A., Smith, J. W., 1 ♀ MEI 119100 (MEIC). TEXAS. Hidalgo County. 8. VI. 1958, Knull, D. J., Knull, J. N., 1 ♂ MEI 114610 (OSU). Hudspeth County. 24.2 km W road 2775, 22. VI. 1994, Kondratieff, Kippenhan, 1 ♂ MEI 075521 (CSUC). Ward County. [31.648, - 102.823], 16. VII. 1975, Nelson, G. H., 1 ♂ MEI 119093 (FSCA). UTAH. Garfield County. 54 km S Hanksville, Woodruff Springs [37.865, - 110.582], 1550 m, 22 – 27. V. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 170261 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Boulder Mountain [38.087, - 111.433], 13. VI. 1969, Knowlton, G. F., Davis, D. W., 1 ♂ MEI 072779 (EMUS); Horse Canyon, off Burr Trail [37.719, - 111.266], 15. VI. 2000, Green, E. C., Huntzinger, K. T., Mendel, W. N., 1 ♂ MEI 133942 (BYUC); The Post [trailhead], MVL [37.835, - 110.981], 3. VI. 1994, Opler, P., Kondratieff, Nelson, 1 ♀ MEI 035786 (CSUC). Kane County. top of Mollies Nipple [summit], off Kitchen Corral Road [37.271, - 112.054], 2216 m, 5. VI. 2000, Barber, H. A., Green, E. C., Huntzinger, K. T., Mendel, W. N., Nelson, C. R., 1 ♂ MEI 133846 (BYUC); trail to Mollies Nipple [summit], off Kitchen Corral Road [37.279, - 112.085], 5. VI. 2000, Barber, H. A., Green, E. C., Huntzinger, K. T., Mendel, W. N., Nelson, C. R., 4 ♂ MEI 133845, 133847 (INHS), 133849 – 50, 1 ♀ 133848 (BYUC); [37.035, - 112.727], 1786 m, 11. V. 2000, Huntzinger, K. T., Mendel, W. N., Nelson, C. R., 1 ♀ MEI 133766 (BYUC). WYOMING. Platte County. Dwyer [42.242, - 104.956], 7. VII. 1965, Holland, F. R., 1 ♀ MEI 119096 (ESUW); Glendo [42.503, - 105.026], 7. V. 1961, Lavigne, R. J., 1 ♀ MEI 084521 (ESUW); Guernsey [42.27, - 104.741], 4. VIII. 1960, Lavigne, R. J., 1 ♀ MEI 119097 (ESUW); Pruitt Ranch, 11. VII. 1966, Morston, N., 1 ♂ MEI 119092 (INHS); Teeter Ranch [Teeters Ranch] [41.914, - 104.532], 13. VII. 1966, Marston, N., 1 ♀ MEI 119095 (INHS).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE1D574FF1AF91A2C783C28.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Ensis (Latin) = a suffix denoting place, locality, or country. This name refers to the State of Baja California de Norte, Mexico. FIGURES 64 – 71. Arenigena bajaensis. 64. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 65. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 66. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 67. Gonostylus lateral view. 68. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 69. Aedeagus, ventral view. 70. Aedeagus, lateral view. 71. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE1D574FF1AF91A2C783C28.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Arenigena bajaensis is similar to A. marcida in having the inner gonocoxal process (Fig. 66) narrow, elongate and the distiphallus (Fig. 70) thick basally and broadly curved posteroventrally. It differs from A. marcida in the male frons being setose, the male dorsal apodeme (Fig. 68) being slightly expanded laterally, and the female frons with white setae admixed with thicker dark brown setae dorsolaterally; and the furca (Fig. 71) with a broad anterior projection.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE1D574FF1AF91A2C783C28.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.2 – 8.6, 7.6 mm. Head. Length 0.68 – 1.20, 0.96 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray; setae dark brown, elongate. Frons pubescence white to gold, dense; setae white to pale yellow. Antenna whitish yellow, second and third flagellomeres dark brown; antenna / head length 0.51 – 0.82, 0.63; scape length 0.14 – 0.20, 0.16 mm, width 0.12 – 0.14, 0.13 mm, length / width 1.0 – 1.7, 1.3, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.5, 2.0, scape / flagellum width 0.7 – 1.0, 0.8, setae white to pale yellow, elongate; pedicel length 0.08 mm, width 0.12 – 0.14, 0.13 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.7, 0.6; flagellum (considerable variation was noted in the length of the narrow cylindrical portion of the first flagellomere), length 0.30 – 0.38, 0.35 mm, width 0.12 – 0.18, 0.17 mm, length / width 1.7 – 2.8, 2.1, flagellum / scape length 1.7 – 2.6, 2.2. Parafacial pubescence white to gold. Gena slightly expanded ventrally, pubescence white; setae white, elongate. Maxillary palpus yellow; length 0.38 – 0.48, 0.44 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length / width 5.5 – 7.0, 6.0; setae white to pale yellow, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate becoming sparse dorsally. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 3 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 – 2 dc. Mesonotum with vittae dull brown separate by gray pubescence; setae white, elongate. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum (setae generally sparse, arranged in an anterodorsal or mediodorsal patch), laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum; absent on proepimeron. Wing. Membrane pale whitish gray, veins and cross-veins brown with narrow, brown margin on humeral cross-vein, along R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5, at fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, apex of discal cell, apex of cell bm, along M 1, M 2, M 3, M 3 + CuA 1, CuA 1, at apex of cup; length 4.7 – 6.0, 5.4 mm, width 1.3 – 2.0, 1.8 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.6, 3.0; pterostigma dark brown. Legs. Coxae pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate. Femora dark reddish brown, pubescence white; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal setae white, appressed. Tibiae yellowish brown, apex dark brown. Tarsi dark brown. Abdomen. Pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, erect, abundant; lateral setae white, elongate. Terminalia (MEI 073709) brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 64), setae yellow. Sternite 8 (Fig. 65), rectangular, sides rounded, posterior margin slightly emarginate; setae pale yellow, separated medially on posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 64) quadrate; posterolateral margin short, pointed; setae yellow. Hypoproct (Fig. 64), posterior margin emarginate. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 65) quadrate, posterior margin rounded; lateral view (Fig. 66), globular, posterior margin rounded, inner gonocoxal process narrow, cylindrical. Gonostylus view (Fig. 67), cylindrical, sinuate; setae yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 68) broad, expanded laterally, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 69), broad, short; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 68) narrow; lateral view (Fig. 70) narrow basally, extending posteriorly in broad curve; ejaculatory apodeme (Figs. 68 – 69) not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 8.0 – 9.3, 8.6 mm. Head. Length 0.92 – 1.22, 1.04 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense to pale brownish gray dorsally; setae white, appressed with thicker dark brown setae dorsolaterally. Antenna / head length 0.6 – 0.7, 0.6; scape length 0.14 – 0.22, 0.18 mm, width 0.12 – 0.18, 0.15 mm, length / width 1.0 – 1.5, 1.2, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.5, 2.1, scape / flagellum width 0.7 – 1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, width 0.16 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.6, 0.5; flagellum length 0.30 – 0.46, 0.39 mm, width 0.16 – 0.20, 0.18 mm, length / width 1.8 – 2.6, 2.2, flagellum / scape length 1.8 – 3.7, 2.2. Maxillary palpus length 0.34 – 0.50, 0.45 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.08 mm, length / width 5.0 – 6.0, 5.6. Gena expanded ventrally with dark brown to black area anteroventrally. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 4 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 – 2 dc. Wing. Length 5.2 – 7.2, 6.0 mm, width 1.7 – 2.4, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.2, 2.9. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white appressed over entire abdomen. Terminalia (MEI 109200). Furca (Fig. 71) oval; length 0.58 mm, width 0.40 mm; anterolateral projection absent; anterior margin with a broad, expanded flange. Immature stages. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE1D574FF1AF91A2C783C28.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Arenigena bajaensis is known from Baja California, Mexico (Fig. 96). Habitats and Phenology. Arenigena bajaensis has been hand-netted on sand or collected at black and white lights. Adults have been collected from January through April, June through August, and October through November. Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Arenigena bajaensis Webb (MEI 109251) is labeled " MEX. BajaCalif N., 3 mi NW Camalú, 29 - III- 1970, E. M, & J. L. Fisher " and is deposited in the CAS (Type No. 18393), on permanent loan from UCR. PARATYPES. MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE. 35.4 km S Rosarito, 2. VII. 1973, Fisher, Westcott, 1 ♀ MEI 109190 (UCR); 5. VII. 1973, 1 ♂ MEI 109199 (UCR); 30 km S Rosarito [28.37, - 114.02], 13. IV. 1977, Fisher, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 109205 (UCR); 20 km N El Rosario, Arroyo Hondo [30.252, - 115.78], 29. IV. 1983, Wasbauer, M., 2 ♂ MEI 073077, 073079 (CSCA); Isla San Martin [30.5, - 116.117], 30. VI. 1983, Faulkner, D., 2 ♂ MEI 109276 (USNM), 109283 (SDMC), 2 ♀ 109263 (USNM), 109281 (SDMC); 0.8 km N El Socorro, Highway 1 [30.33, - 115.81], 20. III. 1986, Faulkner, Bloomfield, 1 ♂ MEI 109279 (SDMC); 11.3 km N San Felipe [31.13, - 114.853], 8. X. 1973, Fisher, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 109258 (UCR); 16.1 km SE El Rosario [29.97, - 115.667], 31. III. 1976, Doyen, J., Rude, P., Morrison, R., 1 ♂ MEI 109269 (EMEC), black and white lights; 16.1 – 19.3 km ESE El Rosario [30.017, - 115.635], 17. III. 1984, Pulawski, W. J., 1 ♀ MEI 156346 (CAS); 20.9 km S Rosarito [28.633, - 114.05], 2. VII. 1973, Fisher, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 109204 (UCR); 3.2 km S Mezquital [Rancho Mezquital] [32.497, - 114.89], 10. X. 1972, Fisher, E. M., Fisher, J. L., 1 ♂ MEI 109198 (INHS); 33.8 km NW Mezquital [Rancho Mezquital] [32.712, - 115.105], 14 – 15. VI. 1967, Sleeper, E. L., Fisher, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 111984 (CAS); 4.8 km N Camalú [30.893, - 116.067], 29. III. 1970, Fisher, E. M., Fisher, J. L., 4 ♂ MEI 109245, 109249 (INHS), 109242 – 3 (UCR); 7.9 km S Santa Maria, Highway 1 [30.279, - 115.82], 7. IV. 1985, Bloomfield, Faulkner, 5 ♂ MEI 109210 – 1 (INHS), 109272, 109282, 109288 (SDMC); 70 km S Rosarito [28.01, - 114.02], 13. IV. 1977, Fisher, E. M., 1 ♀ MEI 109192 (INHS), sand dunes; 9.7 km NW El Rosario, near El Consuelo [30.15, - 115.783], 18. IV. 1965, Cavagnaro, D. Q., Ross, C. E., Ross, E. S., Vesterby, V. L., 1 ♂ MEI 156354 (CAS); Bahia Santa Rosalillita, 10.5 km SE Campo Santa Rosalillita [28.603, - 114.163], 25. III. 1970, Fisher, E. M., Fisher, J. L., 1 ♂ MEI 109244 (UCR), 1 ♀ 109238 (SDMC); Millerís Landing [28.45, - 114.04], 6. IV. 1976, Doyen, J. T., 1 ♂ MEI 114105 (EMEC), on sand; Rancho Santa Inez [29.69, - 114.68], 3. IV. 1981, Werner, Olson; Hetz, Thomas, Hurne, 1 ♂ MEI 078485 (MEIC); ruins of Santo Domingo [30.716, - 115.936], 3 – 4. VIII. 1979, Faulkner; Brown, 1 ♂ MEI 109235 (SDMC); 9.7 km N San Borja, [28.831, - 113.851], 13. X. 1981, Andrews, F., Faulkner, D. 1 ♂ MEI 109236 (SDMC). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR. San Carlos, [23.35, - 110.15], 9. VI. 1975, Evans, H. R., 1 ♂ MEI 109285 (UCR); 20.9 km SW Guillermo Prieto, 3 – 5. IV. 1982, Wasbauer, M., Wasbauer, K., 1 ♂ MEI 073068 (CSCA); 5.8 km S San Juanico [26.368, - 111.48], 30. III. 1985, Bloomfield, Faulkner, 1 ♀ MEI 109200 (SDMC); 64.4 km W San Ignacio [27.3, - 113.479], 23. II. 1974, Bohart, G. E., 1 ♀ MEI 007653 (EMUS); 7 km W Cabo San Lucas, Cabo Falso [22.896, - 109.966], 1. I. 1979, Rude, P., 1 ♂ MEI 082072 (EMEC), on sand dune; 95 km NW La Paz [24.747, - 110.919], 183 m, 24 – 25. XI. 1968, Sleeper, E. L., 1 ♀ MEI 111991 (CAS); 29 km W La Paz, [24.14, - 110.31], 244 m, 7. X. 1968, Sleeper, E. L., Moore, F. J., 1 ♂ MEI 112036 (CAS), blacklight; San Jorge [25.73, - 112.07], 23. VI. 1967, Sleeper, E. L., Fisher, E. M., 1 ♀ MEI 111983 (INHS); 3.2 km S Todos Santos, [23.42, - 110.239], 16. X. 1964, Sleeper, E. L., 2 ♂ MEI 112004, 112008 (CAS); San Carlos, [23.35, - 110.15], 25. IX. 1981, Faulkner, D., Andrews, F., 1 ♂ MEI 109234 (SDMC); 23 km W La Paz, [24.14, - 110.517], 24. IV. - 27. IV. 1975, Fisher, E. M., Fisher, J. L., 1 ♂ MEI 109197 (UCR);	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE5D572FF1AFF622BC43FDE.taxon	description	(Figs. 50, 72 – 79)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE5D572FF1AFF622BC43FDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Ensis (Latin) = a suffix denoting place, locality, or country. This name refers to the State of Florida, USA.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE5D572FF1AFF622BC43FDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Arenigena floridensis is similar to A. albiseta and A. semitaria in the male having the inner gonocoxal process bilobed (Fig. 74). It differs from A. albiseta in having the gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 73) lacking a posteromedial aggregation of dense setae; the ventral lobe (Fig. 73) with apical setae; the dorsal apodeme (Fig. 76) moderately expanded laterally with the anterior margin emarginate; and the furca (Fig. 79) quadrate with the posterior margin truncate. It differs from A. semitaria in having wing veins and cross-veins yellow, lacking a brown margin; the proepimeron setose across the dorsal margin; the male sternite 8 with setae continuous across posterior margin (Fig. 73); the ventral lobe (Fig. 73) with apical setae; the dorsal apodeme (Fig. 76) broadly rounded laterally with the anterior margin emarginate; and the furca (Fig. 79) quadrate with the posterior margin truncate.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE5D572FF1AFF622BC43FDE.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 9). Body length 7.0 – 8.4, 8.0 mm. Head. Length 0.94 – 1.20, 1.08 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae pale white, short. Frons pubescence whitish gray, dense; setae absent. Antenna with scape yellowish brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown, base and apical third of first flagellomere yellowish brown; antenna / head length 0.57 – 0.67, 0.63; scape length 0.16 – 0.22, 0.20 mm, width 0.14 – 0.20, 0.16 mm, length / width 1.0 – 1.4, 1.2, scape / pedicel length 2.0 – 2.8, 2.4, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 1.1, 1.0, setae white, short; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.09, 0.08 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.16 mm, length / width 0.4 – 0.6, 0.5; flagellum (narrow apical portion of first flagellomere short), length 0.34 – 0.48, 0.41 mm, width 0.16 – 0.18, 0.18 mm, length / width 1.9 – 3.0, 2.3, flagellum / scape length 1.6 – 2.4, 2.1. Parafacial pubescence white. Gena rounded ventrally; setae white, elongate. Maxillary palpus yellow; length 0.34 – 0.42, 0.38 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.06 mm, length / width 5.3 – 7.3, 6.2; setae white to pale yellow, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate white, abundant dorsally. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 3 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 – 2 dc. Mesonotum dull brownish gray, pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate on propleuron, proepimeron (along dorsal margin), anepisternum, katepisternum (setae abundant along anterior margin), laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale whitish, veins yellow; length 5.7 – 7.4, 6.4 mm, width 2.0 – 2.4, 2.2 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.0, 2.9; pterostigma brown. Legs. Coxae pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate. Femora dark reddish brown, pubescence white; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal setae white, appressed. Tibiae dark yellowish brown to brown. Tarsi 1 yellowish brown, apex dark brown; 2 – 5 dark brown. Abdomen. Pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, erect, abundant; lateral setae white, elongate. Terminalia (MEI 128599) brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 72), setae pale yellow. Sternite 8 (Fig. 73), rectangular, sides rounded, posterior margin truncate; setae pale yellow, continuous across posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 72) quadrate; posterolateral margin short, broadly pointed; setae yellow. Cerci (Fig. 72), ending basal to apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Fig. 72), posterior margin deeply emarginate. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 73), quadrate, median margin tapering posteriorly to blunt point, setae yellow; lateral view (Fig. 74), oval, tapering posteriorly to blunt point, inner gonocoxal process bilobed, dorsal projection broadly pointed with dark yellow apical setae, ventral projection narrow; ventral lobe (Fig. 73) with short setae apically. Gonostylus lateral view (Fig. 75) thick, cylindrical, broadly curved posterodorsally; setae yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 76) broad, expanded posterolaterally, anterior margin emarginate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 77), broad, sides parallel, anterior margin truncate; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 76) broad basally, tapered posteriorly; lateral view (Fig. 78) thick basally, sinuate; aedeagal apodeme (Figs. 76 – 77) extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 3). Body length 8.2 – 10.2, 9.1 mm. Head. Length 1.00 – 1.12, 1.04 mm. Frons pubescence whitish gray, dense; setae white, short, appressed, scattered. Antenna / head length 0.70 – 0.73, 0.71; scape length 0.20 – 0.24, 0.22 mm, width 0.16 – 0.20, 0.18 mm, length / width 1.1 – 1.3, 1.2, scape / pedicel length 2.4 – 2.5, 2.4, scape / flagellum width 0.9 – 1.1, 1.0; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, width 0.16 – 0.18, 0.17 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.6, 0.5; flagellum length 0.42 – 0.45, 0.43 mm, width 0.16 – 0.20, 0.18 mm, length / width 2.3 – 2.6, 2.4, flagellum / scape length 1.9 – 2.1, 2.0. Maxillary palpus length 0.38 – 0.41, 0.40 mm, width 0.06 mm, length / width 6.3 – 6.8, 6.6. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 – 2 dc. Wing. Length 5.8 – 7.7, 6.6 mm, width 2.2 – 2.7, 2.4 mm, length / width 2.6 – 2.9, 2.7. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence whitish gray, dense; dorsal setae white, appressed over entire abdomen. Terminalia (MEI 109201). Furca (Fig. 79), rectangular, anterior and posterior margins truncate; length 0.50 mm, width 0.34 mm; anterolateral projections short. Immature stages. Eleven males (MEI 128566, 128568, 128574, 128580, 128588, 128597, 128599, 128601 – 4) and 2 females (MEI 128584 – 5) have been reared from larvae sieved from gopher tortoise burrows.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE5D572FF1AFF622BC43FDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Arenigena floridensis is known from Florida (Fig. 50). Habitats and Phenology. Arenigena floridensis has been reared from larvae sieved from gopher tortoise burrows in Florida. Specimens examined. Type specimens. The holotype male of Arenigena floridensis Webb (MEI 128566) is labeled " FLORIDA: Putnam County, Hollister-Roberts ranch, 12 - XII- 1984 (larva), Eric G. Milstrey, E. G., gopher tortoise burrow " and is deposited in FSCA. PARATYPES. UNITED STATES. Florida. Putnam County. [Hollister], Hollister-Roberts Ranch [29.623, - 81.814], 26. III. 1985, Milstrey, E. G., 1 ♂ MEI 128601 (FSCA), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 3. IV. 1985, 1 ♀ MEI 128585 (INHS), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 18. V. 1985, 1 ♂ MEI 128604 (FSCA), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 24. VI. 1985, 1 ♂ MEI 128580 (MEIC), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 27. VI. 1985 1 ♂ MEI 128574 (FSCA), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 26. VIII. 1985, 1 ♂ MEI 128602 (FSCA), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 7. XI. 1985 1 ♂ MEI 128571 (CSCA), 1 ♀ 128588 (USNM), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 16 – 18. I. 1986, 1 ♀ MEI 128584 (FSCA), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 19. I. 1986, 1 ♂ MEI 128597 (FSCA), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 23. I. 1986, 1 ♂ MEI 128568 (USNM), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 26. I. 1986, 1 ♂ MEI 128599 (INHS), sieved gopher tortoise burrow; 7. I. 1988 1 ♂ MEI 128603 (FSCA), sieved gopher tortoise burrow	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE4D56BFF1AFAEA2ABE392C.taxon	description	97 male genit.; 1965: 351 cat.) (Psilocephala); Irwin and Lyneborg (1981 a: 240 comb. change, spec. list) (Arenigena). Type locality USA, California, Los Angeles County. Lectoype male in USNM. brunnea Kröber (1914: 46 fem. desc.), Cole (1923 a: 76 desc.; 1965: 351 cat.) (Psilocephala); Irwin and Lyneborg (1981 a: 240 comb. change, spec. list) (Arenigena). Type locality USA, Arizona, Oracle. Holotype female in USNM (Type No. 26020). New synonym. The holotype female of Psilocephala brunnea Kröber was compared with females of Arenigena marcida and found to be conspecific based on the characteristics of the female furca.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE4D56BFF1AFAEA2ABE392C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Arenigena marcida is similar to A. bajaensis in having the inner gonocoxal process (Fig. 82) narrow, elongate and the distiphallus (Fig. 86) thick basally and broadly curved posteroventrally. It differs from A. bajaensis in the male frons lacking setae; the female frons having short, reddish brown setae; the distiphallus (Fig. 84) broadly expanded laterally; and the furca (Fig. 87) with the anterior margin narrow.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE4D56BFF1AFAEA2ABE392C.taxon	description	Description of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.0 – 9.4, 8.0 mm. FIGURES 80 – 87. Arenigena marcida. 80. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 81. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 82. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 83. Gonostylus lateral view. 84. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 85. Aedeagus, ventral view. 86. Aedeagus, lateral view. 87. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm. Head. Length 0.84 – 1.16, 0.95 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae dark reddish brown, short. Frons pubescence white to pale gold, dense; setae absent. Antenna yellow, second and third flagellomeres dark brown; antenna / head length 0.54 – 0.78, 0.58; scape length 0.16 – 0.22, 0.19 mm, width 0.12 – 0.18, 0.14 mm, length / width 1.1 – 1.6, 1.3, scape / pedicel length 1.6 – 3.1, 2.4, scape / flagellum width 0.7 – 1.0, 0.8, setae pale yellow to yellowish brown, short; pedicel length 0.07 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, width 0.12 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 0.4 – 0.7, 0.6; flagellum (narrow apical portion of first flagellomere short), length 0.30 – 0.44, 0.37 mm, width 0.16 – 0.22, 0.14 mm, length / width 1.7 – 2.7, 2.0, flagellum / scape length 1.6 – 2.3, 2.0. Parafacial pubescence yellowish gray. Gena pubescence whitish gray; setae white, elongate. Maxillary palpus yellow; length 0.32 – 0.48, 0.40 mm, width 0.06 mm, length / width 5.3 – 8.0, 6.7; setae white to pale yellow, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate white, abundant dorsally. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 – 2, dc. Mesonotum pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate on propleuron, proepimeron (occasionally absent), anepisternum, katepisternum (sparse, variable, in anterodorsal and anteroventral patch, in mediodorsal patch, or in narrow band along anterior margin), laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale whitish gray, veins and cross-veins brown with brown spot at fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, apex of discal cell, apex of cells bm and cup; length 5.3 – 7.0, 6.2 mm, width 2.0 – 2.5, 2.2 mm, length / width 2.3 – 3.1, 2.7; pterostigma dark brown. Legs. Coxae pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate. Femora dark reddish brown, pubescence white; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal setae white, appressed. Tibiae yellow. Tarsi 1 dark yellow; 2 – 5 brown. Abdomen. Pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, erect, abundant; lateral setae white, elongate. Terminalia (MEI 113211) brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 80), setae pale yellow. Sternite 8 (Fig. 81), rectangular, sides rounded, posterior margin slightly emarginate; setae pale yellow, separated medially on posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 80), posterolateral margin extended, pointed; setae yellow. Hypoproct (Fig. 80), posterior margin slightly emarginate. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 81), posterior margin rounded, setae yellow, macrosetae absent; lateral view (Fig. 82), posterior margin rounded, inner gonocoxal process narrow, elongate. Gonostylus lateral view (Fig. 83), sinuate. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 84) broadly rounded laterally, anterior margin emarginate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 85), broad; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 83) broad basally, tapered posteriorly; lateral view (Fig. 86) thick basally, extending posterior in broad curve; ejaculatory apodeme (Figs. (84 – 85) not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.8 – 10.4, 9.4 mm. Head. Length 0.96 – 1.20, 1.07 mm. Frons pubescence yellowish gray; setae reddish brown, short, scattered. Antenna / head length 0.59 – 0.70, 0.63; scape length 0.16 – 0.24, 0.21 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.17 mm, length / width 0.9 – 1.6, 1.3, scape / pedicel length 1.6 – 3.0, 2.5, scape / flagellum width 0.7 – 1.0, 0.8; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.12, 0.09 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.16 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.6, 0.5; flagellum length 0.34 – 0.44, 0.39 mm, width 0.16 – 0.24, 0.21 mm, length / width 1.7 – 2.5, 1.9, flagellum / scape length 1.7 – 2.1, 1.9. Maxillary palpus length 0.34 – 0.52, 0.43 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length / width 5.0 – 7.7, 6.0. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 dc. Wing. Length 6.3 – 7.8, 6.8 mm, width 2.2 – 3.0, 2.5 mm, length / width 2.5 – 3.3, 2.8. Abdomen. Pale orange brown, pubescence light whitish gray; dorsal setae on tergites 1 – 4 white, appressed, tergites 5 – 8 dark reddish brown. Terminalia (MEI 109201) reddish brown. Furca (Fig. 87) quadrate; length 0.50 mm, width 0.34 mm; anterolateral projection short. Immature stages. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFE4D56BFF1AFAEA2ABE392C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Arenigena marcida is known from Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa) and the United States (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas) (Fig. 97). Habitats and Phenology. Arenigena marcida has been hand-netted or sweep-netted in sandy creek bottoms and collected in pit traps, Malaise traps (in coastal sage scrub), ethylene glycol intercept traps, and at mercury vapor and blacklights. Adults have been collected from February through November. Specimens examined. Type specimens. Two male syntypes of Psilocephala marcida Coquillett were examined. One male is labeled " Los Angeles Co., Cal., Collection Coquillett " USNM Type No. 10415 (MEI 141533) and the other is labeled " San Diego Co. CAL., Collection Coquillett " USNM Type No. 10415 (MEI 141547). The male from Los Angeles County (MEI 141533) is designated as the lectotype. This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of Psilocephala marcida Coquillett and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. The specimen from San Diego County (MEI 14147) is designated as a Paralectotype. The holotype female of Psilocephala brunnea Kröber (MEI 112374) is labeled " Oracle, 29.6 Ar, Coll Hubbard & Schwarz " and is in the USNM (Type No. 26020). Other specimens. MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE. 6.4 km S La Rumorosa [32.491, - 116.05], 1321 m, 18. IV. 1964, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 119394 (MEIC), sandy creek bottom; 2.4 km E Santa Rosalillita, Arroyo Santo Dominguito [28.67, - 114.208], 25. III. 1970, Fisher, E. M., Fisher, J. L., 1 ♀ MEI 109239 (MEIC); 35.4 km S El Arco [27.71, - 113.401], 13. IV. 1968, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 109250 (MEIC); Sierra San Pedro Martir, east base, Diablo Canyon [31.064, - 115.361], 671 m, 6 – 12. VI. 1997, Irwin, M. E., Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♀ MEI 099894 (MEIC), Malaise trap at waterhole. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR. 1.6 km S Punta Colorado, Isla San Jose [24.984, - 110.622], 8 – 9. IV. 1974 Doyen, J. T., 1 ♀ MEI 154600 (EMEC); 30 km E La Ribera, Rancho Las Barracas [23.6, - 109.28], 21 – 24. III. 1982 Irwin, M. E., Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♀ MEI 114534 (MEIC); 49.9 km S El Crucero, 6. XI. 1995, Ewart, W., Dickson, R., 1 ♀ MEI 119143 (MEIC), sweep-net grasses, forbs; El Triunfo [23.786, - 110.13], 13. VII. 1938, Michelbacher, Ross, 1 ♂ MEI 119201 (EMEC). SINALOA. 25.8 km S Guamuchil, 16. III. 1962, Stange, L. A., 2 ♂ MEI 119188 – 9 (MEIC); 22.5 km W Guaymas [27.921, - 111.103], 13. XI. 1965 Ewart, W., Dickson, R. 3 ♂ MEI 119182, 119208, 119129 (MEIC), at light at light. UNITED STATES. ARIZONA. Cochise County. 12.9 km NE Portal [31.996, - 109.059], 9. V. 1956, Statham, M., 1 ♂ MEI 119180 (AMNH); 27.4 km E. Douglas [31.344, - 109.298], 12. VIII. 1975, Pinto, J. D., 2 ♂ MEI 119191, 119193 (UCR), blacklight; Douglas [31.344, - 109.545], 7. IX. 1969, 1 ♂ MEI 026923 (AMNH); Portal [31.914, - 109.141], 1219 – 1524 m, 16. IX. 1958, Weems, C., 1 ♀ MEI 119127 (FSCA); 3.2 km NE Portal [31.934, - 109.12], 29. VIII. 1965, Davidson, J. H., Davidson, J. M., Cazier, M. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119415 (ASUT). Graham County. Whitlock Mountains, Dripping Spring [32.581, - 109.384], 5. VIII. 1976, Chandler, D. S., 1 ♂ MEI 078449 (UAIC), blacklight. Maricopa County. 29 km S Gila Bend [32.687, - 112.716], 18. IV. 1965, Gorodenski, S. A., Davidson, J. M., Cazier, M. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119385 (ASUT); El Mirage [33.613, - 112.32], 17. X. 1986, Fritz, R. F., 1 ♂ MEI 072743 (EMUS); Sun City [33.598, - 112.271], 11. X. 1986, Fritz, R. F., 1 ♀ MEI 072744 (EMUS); Thunderbird Regional Mountain Park [33.693, - 112.186], 13. IV. 1975, Wielgus, R., 1 ♂ MEI 170258 (ASUT). Navajo County. Kayenta, Laguna Creek [36.717, - 110.25], 13. VII. 1967, Davidson, J. H., Davidson, J. M., Cazier, M. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119126 (ASUT). Pima County. 16 km W Tucson [32.24, - 111.13], 900 m, 10 – 15. IV. 1995, Prchal, S., 1 ♀ MEI 081416 (LACM), Malaise trap; 8 km E Robles Junction, Avra Valley [32.067, - 111.25], 10. IV. 1996, Yanega, D., 1 ♂ MEI 119174 (INHS); 14 – 24. IV. 1996, Yanega, D., 2 ♂ MEI 119173, 119198, 1 ♀ 170254 (INHS), blacklight; Baboquivari Mountains, Baboquivari Peak [31.781, - 111.579], 8. V. 1938, Parker, F. H., 1 ♂ MEI 078487 (UAIC); Sabino Canyon [32.328, - 110.801], 3. IX. 1963, Yesterby, V. L., 1 ♀ MEI 119136 (MEIC); 2. VI. 1964, Gorodenski, S. A., 1 ♂ MEI 170255, 1 ♀ 170256 (ASUT); Sahuarita, Santa Cruz River [31.958, - 110.955], 19. IV. 1957, Butler, G., Werner, F., 1 ♂ MEI 078495 (UAIC), sweep-net; Santa Catalina Mountains, Sabino Canyon [32.328, - 110.801], 853 m, 12. III. 1961, Painter, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 119209 (KSUC); 4. IX. 1965, O'Brien, L., O’Brien, C. W., 1 ♂ MEI 119213 (MEIC); St. Catalina Mountains, W slope of Pusch Peak, near Hardy Road, Highway 80 [32.372, - 110.938], 853 m, 17. V. 1963, Mickel, C. E., 1 ♀ MEI 078294 (MEIC), blacklight; Tucson [32.222, - 110.926], 1954, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 078447 (UAIC); 13. VIII. 1936, Knull, J. N., 1 ♀ MEI 114592 (OSU); 6. IX. 1938, Crandall, R. H., 1 ♀ MEI 119130 (AMNH); 14. IV. 1940, 3 ♂ MEI 119181 – 2, 119195 (AMNH); 14. V. 1953, Dietrich, A., Dietrich, H., 1 ♀ MEI 119232 (CUIC); 21. IV. 1960, Sipes, C., 1 ♂ MEI 119215 (MEIC); 18. VI. 1979, Werner, F. G., 1 ♀ MEI 078486 (UAIC), flight trap; Tucson, N. Nanini [32.222, - 110.926], 29. IV. 1979, Nutting, W. L., 3 ♂ MEI 078489, 078493 – 4, 2 ♀ 078490, 078499 (UAIC); Tucson, near Oracle [32.228, - 110.978], 8. IV. 1985, Nutting, W. L., 1 ♀ MEI 078496 (UAIC); 18. VIII. 1985, 1 ♀ MEI 078497 (UAIC), pool; 20. VI. 1990, 1 ♀ MEI 078476 (UAIC); Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, [32.042, - 112.875], 16. IV. 1948, Melander, A. L., 1 ♂ MEI 113252, 1 ♀ 113250 (USNM), at light; 22. III. 1961, Stehr, F. H., 3 ♂ MEI 078293, 078295 – 6, 3 ♀ 078297 – 9 (UMSP), at light in campground; 9. IV. 1960, Santana, F. J., 1 ♂ MEI 128576 (MEIC), 7. V. 1960, Butler, G., 1 ♂ MEI 170257 (MEIC), blacklight trap; Caretaker's house [32.224, - 111.159], 16. X. 1982, 1 ♂ MEI 118857, 1 ♀ 118856 (SASI); 11. V. 1984, 1 ♂ MEI 118854 (SASI); 22. V. 1984, 1 ♂ MEI 118853 (SASI); 13. VI. 1984, 1 ♂ MEI 118855, 1 ♀ 118852 (SASI). Pinal County. near Sacaton [33.079, - 111.738], 14. VI. 1993, Lindsey, M. L., 1 ♀ MEI 078488 (UAIC). Santa Cruz County. 1.6 km E Sonoita [31.671, - 110.642], 1433 m, 15. V. 1961, Painter, R. H., Painter, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 119210 (KSUC). Yavapai County. Dead Horse Ranch [Dead Horse Ranch State Park], 945 m, 4. VI. 1979, Rohde, M., 1 ♀ MEI 078491 (UAIC); Congress [34.16, - 112.839], 914 m, 15. VI. 1974, Rockwood, A., Foster, N., Kolner, M., 1 ♂ MEI 119184 (MEIC); Yava [34.472, - 112.89], 1158 m, 17. VIII – 7. IX. 1995, Beal, R. S., 1 ♀ MEI 116985 (CSUC), ethylene glycol intercept trap. Yuma County. Kofa Mountains 4. V. 1963, Fisher, E., 1 ♂ MEI 119176 (UCR); Martinez Lake, near McAllister Wash [33.017, - 114.483], 27. III. 1961, Toschi, C. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119396 (MEIC). CALIFORNIA. Contra Costa County. 3.2 km E Antioch [38.005, - 121.805], 16. V. 1967, Opler, P. A., 1 ♂ MEI 170204 (EMEC); Antioch [38.005, - 121.805], 20. IV. 1930, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♀ MEI 119063 (EMEC); MacNeill, C. D., 1 ♂ MEI 119384, 1 ♀ 119380 (MEIC); 15. V. 1958, Linsdale, D. D., 1 ♀ 170201 (MEIC); Powell, J., 3 ♂ MEI 119089, 119382, 1193873 (EMEC), at light; 14. IV. 1977, 11 ♂ MEI 119066 – 7, 119078 – 9, 119084 – 6, 119381, 119387 – 9, 2 ♀ 119091, 119403 (EMEC); 7. V. 1978, Johnson, J. B., 1 ♀ MEI 079929 (WFBM). Fresno County. 29 km SW Mendota, Ciervo Hills [36.569, - 120.565], 18. VII. 1975, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 119420 (EMEC); 6.4 km W Coalinga, dry bed Waltham Creek [36.141, - 120.42], 28. VIII. 1952, 1 ♂ MEI 156358 (CAS); Coalinga [36.141, - 120.363], 17. III. 1931, Van Duzee, E. P., 1 ♀ MEI 119410 (MEIC); Fresno [36.748, - 119.771], 24. III.?, Schwarz, E. A., 1 ♂ MEI 113253 (USNM); 3. IV. 1923, Phillips, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 113206 (USNM). Imperial County. 12.9 km NW Glamis, Algodones Dunes [33.053, - 115.191], 11. IV. 1990, Webb, D. W., Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 119408 (INHS); 14.5 km S Walter's Camp [33.109, - 114.689], 28. IX. 1980, Hardy, A. R., Andrews, F. G., 3 ♂ MEI 170205, 170207, 170209, 2 ♀ 170206, 170208 (MEIC), blacklight; 25.8 km NW Westmorland [33.204, - 115.79], 2. XI. 1974, Powell, J. A., 2 ♂ MEI 119140, 119414 (EMEC), UV trap; 3.2 NW Glamis [33.018, - 115.091], 3. XI. 1974, Powell, J. A., 1 ♀ MEI 119413 (EMEC); 4.8 km N Glamis [33.041, - 115.071], date?, Washbauer, M., 1 ♂ MEI 073035 (CSCA), blacklight; 4.8 km NW Glamis [33.028, - 115.102], 24. III. 1972, Sumlin, W. D., 1 ♀ MEI 119131 (MEIC); 5.6 km NW Glamis [33.033, - 115.107], 13. IV. 1968, Bellet, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 119158 (MEIC); 9.7 km NE Ogilby, Glamis Dunes [32.879, - 114.776], 19. III. 1980, Werner, Olson, Metz, MacLachlan, 1 ♂ MEI 078484 (UAIC). Inyo County. 11.3 km S Oasis [37.383, - 117.914], 1539 m, 23 – 24. VI. 1992, Irwin, M. E., Yeates, D. K., 1 ♂ MEI 119424 (MEIC), sweeping sagebrush; 33.8 km E Keeler [36.487, - 117.569], 28. VI. 1980, Toft, C. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119417 (UCDC); Antelope Springs [37.331, - 118.086], 28. VI. 1962, Buckett, J. S., 1 ♀ MEI 170250 (MEIC); Eureka Valley [37.111, - 117.707],?. III. 1978, Giuliani, Hardy, Andrews, 1 ♂ MEI 170221, 1 ♀ 170222 (CSCA), pitfall trap;?. IV. 1978, 1 ♂ MEI 170220, 1 ♀ 170224 (CSCA), pitfall trap; Sand Flat [36.655, - 117.432], 1341 m, 19. IV. 1986, Giuliani, D., 1 ♂ MEI 072553 (CSCA); Owens Valley, 30. V – 28. VI. 1980, 3 ♂ MEI 170212 – 4, 7 ♀ 170214 – 9, 170223 (CSCA), pit trap. Kern County. 1.6 km NW Tupman [35.304, - 119.361], 19. III. 1975, Doyen, J. T., 1 ♂ MEI 119422 (EMEC); 6.4 km NE Inyokern [35.688, - 117.771], 16. IV. 1959, Linsdale, D. D., 1 ♂ MEI 119400 (MEIC); Bakersfield [35.356, - 119.005], 20. VII. 1951, Isaak, L. W., 1 ♂ MEI 119407 (MEIC). Kings County. 3.2 km SW Kettleman City [35.988, - 119.981], 30. III. 1976, Doyen, J., Rude, P., Morrison, R., 1 ♂ MEI 119423 (EMEC). Los Angeles County. 1 ♂ MEI 141533 (USNM);?. IX.?, 4 ♂ MEI 113204 – 5, 113207, 113209 (USNM); 9.7 km NE Three Point [34.798, - 118.536], 11. IV. 1962, Schlinger, E. I., Hall, J. C., 1 ♂ MEI 119068 (UCR); Angeles National Forest, Islip Canyon [34.2, - 117.867], 12. VI. 1974, Wilder, D. D., 1 ♂ MEI 156350 (CAS); Boquet Canyon [34.429, - 118.516], 9. VI. 1960, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 119219 (UCR); Los Angeles [34.052, - 118.243], date?, Banks, N., 1 ♂ MEI 081091 (MCZ); Mint Canyon [34.429, - 118.441], 24. VI. 1949, Isaak, L. W., 1 ♂ MEI 119200 (MEIC); Tanbark Flat [34.204, - 117.76], 17. VII. 1950, Hurd, P. D., 1 ♀ MEI 119224 (EMEC); 26. VI. 1952, Grigarick, A. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119218 (MEIC); 6. VII. 1952, Linsley, J. 1 ♂ MEI 119199 (EMEC). Marin County. Bass Lake [37.963, - 122.751], 7. VI. 1940, Cazier, M. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119183 (AMNH). Merced County. 3.2 km South of Delhi [37.402, - 120.78], 3. V. 1961, Snelling, R. R., 2 ♂ MEI 156353, 156355 (CAS). Orange County. Costa Mesa [33.641, - 117.919], 12. VI. 1961, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 170211 (MEIC); Laguna Beach [33.561, - 117.818], date?, Baker, 1 ♂ MEI 115635 (USNM); San Juan Canyon, 229 m, 11. V. 1968, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♀ MEI 119144 (UCR); Newport Beach [33.619, - 117.928], 6. V. 1962, Michelbacher, A. E., 1 ♂ MEI 119197 (EMEC). Riverside County. 1.6 km N Snow Creek [33.904, - 116.683], 25. IX. 1965, Dickson, R. C., 1 ♂ MEI 170225 (MEIC); 6 km N Desert Center [33.766, - 115.402], 18. III. 1986, Steiner, W. E., Lowry, J. E., 1 ♂ MEI 079114 (MEIC); 6.4 km S Beaumont, Potrero Creek [33.88, - 116.978], 1. VII. 1990, Ballmer, G. R., Hawks, D. C., 1 ♂ MEI 078133 (UCR), at light; 6.4 km S Palm Desert, Deep Canyon, P. L. Boyd Desert Research Center, Marker 5680 [33.665, - 116.374], 18. V. 1969, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 119142 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 24. V. 1969, Irwin, M. E., Frommer, S. I., UCR 19121 (UCR), Malaise trap; 6.5 km NE Alpine Village, near Cahulla Tewanet Vista Point [33.597, - 116.422], 1200 m, 2 – 4. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 170226 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Aguanga [33.447, - 116.857], 11. V. 1953, Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 119225 (EMEC); Big Morongo River, 13. IV. 1989, Freidberg, A., 1 ♀ MEI 119071 (TAUI); Box Springs Mountains, Riverside [33.971, - 117.302], 26. VI. 1969, Andrews, F. G., Hall, J. C., Irwin, M. E., 3 ♀ MEI 119154, 119222 – 3 (UCR), Malaise trap; 4. VII. 1969, 1 ♀ MEI 119233 (UCR), Malaise trap; 16. VII. 1969, 2 ♀ MEI 119230 – 1 (UCR), Malaise trap; Garner Valley, Morris Ranch Road, Tripp Meadow [33.643, - 116.595], 1725 m, 4. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 170248 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Menifee Valley [33.65, - 117.2], 475 m, 15 – 22. V. 2000, Frommer, S. I., 2 ♂ MEI 139395, 170270, 1 ♀ 139403 (UCR), Malaise trap, coastal sage scrub; 1 – 5. VI. 2000, 1 ♂ MEI 137186 (UCR), Malaise trap, coastal sage scrub; 5 – 12. VI. 2000, 1 ♀ MEI 139404 (UCR), Malaise trap, coastal sage scrub; 19 – 26. VI. 2000, 1 ♀ MEI 139406 (UCR), Malaise trap, coastal sage scrub; Morris Ranch Road, Golf Flat, Garner Valley [33.643, - 116.595], 1725 m, 4. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 170249 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Palen Dunes [34.111, - 115.624], 27. IV. 1978, Andrews, F. G., Hardy, A. R., 1 ♂ MEI 073037 (CSCA), Hg vapor light; Palm Springs [33.83, - 116.544], 16. II. 1935, Melander, 1 ♂ MEI 113251 (USNM); Palm Springs, Smoke Tree Ranch [33.789, - 116.529], 6. IV. 1949, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 037085 (USNM); Pinyon Flat [33.603, - 116.455], 7. V. 1986, Goodward, D., 1 ♂ MEI 119177 (UCR); Riverside [33.94, - 117.397], 13. IV. 1964, Rauch, P. A., 1 ♀ MEI 119151 (UCR); 24. IV. 1966, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♀ MEI 119146 (UCR); 1. V. 1969, Hall, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 119045 (UCR); 12. V. 1969, 1 ♂ MEI 119157 (UCR); 19. V. 1969, Andrews, F. G., 1 ♂ MEI 119156, 4 ♀ 119237, 119106, 119116, 119141 (UCR), Malaise trap; 21. V. 1969, Hall, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 119117 (UCR); 24. V. 1969, Andrews, F. G., 2 ♀ MEI 119235 – 6 (UCR), Malaise trap; 27. V. 1969, Hall, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 119111 (UCR); 30. V. 1969, Irwin, M. E., 2 ♀ MEI 119145, 119234 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 2. VI. 1969, Hall, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 119125 (UCR), Malaise trap; 3. VI. 1969, 1 ♀ MEI 119120 (UCR), Malaise trap; 6. VI. 1969, Irwin, M. E., 2 ♀ MEI 119147, 119238 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 9. VI. 1969, Hall, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 119107 (UCR); 16. VI. 1969, 2 ♀ MEI 119110, 119114 (UCR); Irwin, M. E., Hall, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 119150 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 30. VI. 1969, Hall, J. C., 1 ♂ MEI 119166, 1 ♀ 119122 (UCR), Malaise trap; 10. VII. 1969, 1 ♀ MEI 119121 (UCR), Malaise trap; 15. VIII. 1969, 1 ♀ MEI 119112 (UCR), Malaise trap; 13. IX. 1969, 1 ♂ MEI 119165 (UCR), Malaise trap; 13. IV. 1970, 1 ♀ MEI 170244 (UCR); 2. V. 1970, 3 ♂ MEI 119164, 119168 – 9, 1 ♀ 119123 (UCR), Malaise trap; 8. V. 1970, 1 ♀ MEI 119155 (UCR), Malaise trap; 12. V. 1970, 3 ♂ MEI 119159, 119167, 119196 (UCR), Malaise trap; 18. V. 1970, 1 ♀ MEI 119119 (UCR), Malaise trap; 22. V. 1978, 1 ♀ 170247 (UCR); 30. V. 1978, 1 ♀ MEI 119105 (UCR); 9. VI. 1978, 1 ♀ MEI 119104 (UCR); 13. VI. 1978, 2 ♀ MEI 119109, 119118 (UCR); 21. VI. 1978, 1 ♀ MEI 170245 (UCR); 26. VI. 1978, 1 ♀ MEI 119113 (UCR); 17. VII. 1978, 1 ♀ MEI 119108 (UCR); 18. VII. 1978, 1 ♀ MEI 119103 (UCR); Riverside, 131 Sir Damas Drive [33.991, - 117.346], 17. V. 1976, Stone, M. W., 1 ♂ MEI 119194 (UCR); 16. VI. 1976, 1 ♀ MEI 170252 (UCR); 18. VII. 1977, 1 ♂ MEI 119187 (UCR); 2. IX. 1977, 1 ♂ MEI 156351 (UCR); 6. IX. 1977, 1 ♂ MEI 119163 (UCR), 30. IX. 1977, Stone, M. W., Frommer, S., 1 ♂ MEI 119179 (UCR), San Timoteo Canyon [34.03, - 117.204], 14. IX. 1972, Wasbauer, M., Hardy, A., 3 ♀ MEI 072383 – 4, 073060 (CSCA), Malaise trap; Santa Rosa Plateau [33.529, - 117.313], 686 m, 23. V – 1. VI. 2000, Frommer, S. I., 1 ♀ MEI 139405 (UCR), chaparral; 7 – 19. IX. 2000, Frommer, S. I., 1 ♀ MEI 152069 (UCR); Thousand Palms [33.82, - 116.389], 31. III. 1963, Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 170251 (UCDC); Wiley's Well Road at I- 10 [33.606, - 114.908], 28. III. 2001, Yanega, D., 1 ♂ UCR ENT 49590, 1 ♀ 49591 (UCR); Winchester [33.707, - 117.084], 3. VI. 1967, Icenogle, W., 1 ♂ MEI 119203 (MEIC); 10. VII. 1967, 1 ♂ MEI 170246 (MEIC); 11. VIII. 1967, 1 ♂ MEI 119162 (MEIC); 26. IV. 1968, 1 ♀ MEI 119139 (MEIC); 20. V. 1968, 1 ♂ MEI 119204 (MEIC); Lower Covington Flat [33.917, - 115.917], 9. IV. 1960, Knox, M., Sleeper, E., 1 ♂ MEI 112079 (CAS); Pinyon Wells [33.917, - 115.917], 27. IV. 1969, Sleeper, E. L., 1 ♂ MEI 112074 (CAS); Pleasant Valley [33.917, - 115.917], 15. IV. 1965, Sleeper, E. L., Jenkins, S. L., 1 ♀ MEI 112067 (CAS); 16. IV. 1965, 1 ♂ MEI 112059 (CAS); 3. III. 1967, 2 ♂ MEI 112022, 112046 (CAS); 8. IV. 1967, 1 ♂ MEI 112023 (CAS). San Bernadino County. Clark Mountain, Clark Mountain [35.525, - 115.588], 1. VII. 1987, Nelson, G. H., 1 ♂ MEI 128579 (FSCA); 16.1 km NE Earp [34.267, - 114.198], 17. IV. 1964, Linsdale, D. D., 1 ♂ MEI 119161 (MEIC); Langston, R. D., 1 ♀ MEI 170269 (MEIC), blacklight trap; 17.7 km N Goffs, Lanfair Road [35.078, - 115.059], 25. V. 1977, Pinto, J. D., 1 ♂ MEI 119190 (UCR); 32.2 km W Trona [35.764, - 117.662], 11. IV. 1974, Morrison, R., Bezark, L. G., 1 ♂ MEI 119395 (UCR); E Highland [34.128, - 117.211], 29. VIII. 1947, Flock, R. A., 1 ♂ MEI 119214 (MEIC); Oak Glen Lodge [34.049, - 116.947], 1524 m, date?, collector?, 2 ♂ MEI 156360 – 1 (CAS); San Bernardino Mountains, Bear Valley, 2042 m, Banks, N., 1 ♂ MEI 081095 (MCZ); Vidal Junction [34.188, - 114.575], 1. IV. 1967, Blanc, F. L., 1 ♂ MEI 072651 (CSCA), at light. San Diego County. 1 km W Boulivard [32.652, - 116.102], 1070 m, 30. V – 5. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 5 ♂ MEI 170227 – 31, 1 ♀ 170231 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 16.1 km S Julian, Inaja Indian Reservation [32.933, - 116.603], 1204 m, 11. IX. 1969, Heppner, J. B., 1 ♂ MEI 119175, 1 ♀ 119239 (FSCA), blacklight; 19.3 km E Julian [33.132, - 116.404], 12. IV. 1990, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 119386 (MEIC); 2 km E Pine Valley [32.817, - 116.517], 1300 m, 1 – 5. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 152032 (MEIC), Malaise trap at seep in large wash; 6 km E Jacumba, near Desert View Tower [32.652, - 116.102], 950 m, 31. V – 5. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 2 ♀ MEI 170234 – 5 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 6.4 km E Jacumba [32.617, - 116.132], 15. IV. 1964, Wilcox, J., 1 ♀ MEI 119072 (EMEC), 28. IV. 1964, Wilcox, J., 2 ♂ MEI 119398, 119411 (EMEC); 21. IV. 1966, Stone, M. W., 4 ♀ MEI 119229, 119409, 119069, 119397 (EMEC); 6.5 km NW Jacumba, near Bankhead Springs [32.652, - 116.102], 1070 m, 30. V – 5. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 3 ♀ MEI 170239, 170242 – 3 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 7.2 km E Borrego Springs [33.256, - 116.311], 180 m, 6. IV. 1971, Fisher, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 028338 (UCR); Borrego Springs [33.26, - 116.38], 30. III. 1960, Wasbauer, M., 1 ♂ MEI 170202 (UCDC); Coronado [32.654, - 117.158], 8. VII. 1890, Blaisdell, F. E., 1 ♂ MEI 156359, 1 ♀ 080240 (CAS); Culp Canyon [33.208, - 116.46], 1025 m, 30. V – 5. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 2 ♀ MEI 170236 – 7 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Descanso [32.835, - 116.623], 1280 m, date?, collector?, 2 ♂ MEI 170232 – 3 (MEIC), Malaise trap; El Cajon [32.795, - 116.962], 19. X. 1983, Brown, J., 1 ♂ MEI 119171 (SDMC); Encinitas [33.05, - 117.29], 4. VIII. 1976, Huybensz, M., 1 ♀ MEI 119124 (MCZ); Jacumba [32.618, - 116.189], 914 m, 26. IV. 1965, Wilcox, J., 1 ♂ MEI 119399, 1 ♀ MEI 119083 (EMEC); Laguna Mountains, Horsehaven Group Camp [32.897, - 116.448], 1770 m, 31. V. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 170238 (MEIC), Malaise trap; Pine Valley [32.821, - 116.528], 21. VI. 1966, Sleeper, E. L., 1 ♀ MEI 112095 (CAS); San Diego, 5 km W Ranchita [33.213, - 116.568], 1200 m, 1 – 5. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♀ MEI 170241 (MEIC), Malaise trap; San Felipe Valley, Sissors Crossing [33.103, - 116.487], 770 m, 1 – 5. VI. 2002, Irwin, M. E., Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 170203 (MEIC), Malaise trap; San Luis Rey [33.232, - 117.323], 20. IV. 1966, Wilcox, J., 1 ♂ MEI 119216 (EMEC). San Luis Obispo County. 32.2 km E Santa Maria [35.21, - 120.148], 16. IV. 1969, Pinto, Haines, 1 ♂ MEI 170200 (UCR). Santa Barbara County. 3.22 km E Solvang [34.596, - 120.108], 28. VI. 1965, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 119217 (EMEC); San Rafael Mountains, Bluff Camp [34.674, - 119.666], 29. VI. 1959, Bohart, R. M., 1 ♂ MEI 119205 (UCDC). Ventura County. 1.6 km W Santa Susana [34.272, - 118.722], 16. V. 1964, Irwin, M. E., 1 ♂ MEI 119160 (MEIC), sandy wash. NEVADA. Humboldt County. Soldier Meadow [41.392, - 119.163], 27. VII. 1961, Parker, F. D., 1 ♂ MEI 119206 (MEIC), Lyon County. 3.2 km E Yerington [38.986, - 119.133], 8. VIII. 1973, Barclay, L. W., 1 ♂ MEI 076994 (NVDA), light trap; 4.8 km E Yerington [38.986, - 119.119], 8. VIII. 1973, Barclay, L. W., 2 ♂ MEI 076993, 076995 (NVDA), light trap. Nye County. 24.2 km W Tonopah [38.067, - 117.447], 7. VII. 1980, Hall, J. C., Hall, E. M., 1 ♂ MEI 078129 (UCR); Big Dune [36.647, - 116.58], 29 – 30. IV. 1982, Bezark, L. G., 2 ♂ MEI 119392, 119406 (BEZC), blacklight; Lava Dune, 30. IV. 1982, Bechtel, R. C., Rust, R. W., 3 ♂ MEI 077013, 077017, 077019 (NVDA), blacklight; Mercury [36.661, - 115.994], 24. VIII. 1959, 1 ♂ MEI 113247 (USNM); 12. VII. 1960, 1 ♂ MEI 113246 (USNM); 19. VI. 1964, 1 ♂ MEI 113248 (USNM); Lockes [38.555, - 115.774], 8. VII. 1966, Allen, R. P., 1 ♂ MEI 072441 (CSCA). Pershing County. 11.3 km E Oreana [40.312, - 118.188], 9. IX. 1969, Haig, T. R., 1 ♂ MEI 072410 (CSCA). NEW MEXICO. 11. VIII. 1966, Silberglied, R., 1 ♂ MEI 119207 (CUIC); Rosco, 8. IX. 1958, Weems, H. V., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 119137 (FSCA). Dona Ana County. Las Cruces [32.312, - 106.778], 16. IV. 1965, Medica, P. A., 1 ♂ MEI 051272 (NMSU); 30. V. 1965, Medica, P. A., 1 ♀ MEI 051273 (NMSU). Hidalgo County. Animas [31.949, - 108.807], 27. V. 1982, Peckham, D. J., 1 ♂ MEI 170266 (CUIC); Post Office Canyon, 9. VIII. 1965, Ballmer, G. R., 1 ♂ MEI 119211 (MEIC). Lea County. [32.38, - 103.722], 12. VII. 1979, Delorme, D. R., McHugh, C. P., 1 ♂ MEI 076515 (TAMU), at light. Luna County. Deming [32.268, - 107.759], 5. IX. 1960, Marsh, P. M., 1 ♂ MEI 119212 (MEIC); Columbus [31.823, - 107.641], 1237 m, 29. VI. 1997, Metz, M. A., 1 ♂ MEI 113891 (INHS), Malaise trap. Sandoval County. Frijoles Canyon [35.758, - 106.308], 14. VI. 1960, Burks, Kinzer, 1 ♂ MEI 113245 (USNM). TEXAS. Brewster County. 35.4 km S Marathon [29.887, - 103.244], 8. IX. 1960, Marsh, P. M., 1 ♂ MEI 119405, 1 ♀ 139398 (UCR).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFFDD568FF1AFD7B2AAB3AFF.taxon	description	(Figs. 88 – 96)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFFDD568FF1AFD7B2AAB3AFF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Arenigena semitaria is similar to A. albiseta and A. floridensis in the male having the inner gonocoxal process bilobed (Fig. 90). It differs from A. albiseta and A. floridensis in having the wing veins and cross-veins with a brown margin; the proepimeron lacking setae; the male sternite 8 with setae absent medially on posterior margin (Fig. 89); the gonostylus (Fig. 91) with short, dark brown macrosetae apically and with an apical tuft of elongate setae; and the furca (Fig. 95) with anterior margin tridentate in appearance.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFFDD568FF1AFD7B2AAB3AFF.taxon	description	Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.0 – 8.2, 7.7 mm. Head. Length 0.90 – 1.08, 1.00 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray, dense; setae pale yellow, short. Frons pubescence white, dense. Antenna yellow, second and third flagellomeres dark brown; antenna / head length 0.52 – 0.71, 0.66; scape length 0.16 – 0.20, 0.19 mm, width 0.12 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 1.1 – 1.7, 1.4, scape / pedicel length 1.6 – 2.5, 2.3, scape / flagellum width 0.7 – 0.9, 0.7, setae white yellow, short; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, width 0.12 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.7, 0.6; flagellum (apical portion of first flagellomere short, thick), length 0.35 – 0.44, 0.41 mm, width 0.18 – 0.20, 0.19 mm, length / width 1.9 – 2.4, 2.2, flagellum / scape length 1.9 – 2.5, 2.2. Parafacial pubescence yellowish gray. Gena pubescence whitish gray; setae white, elongate. Maxillary palpus yellow; length 0.38 – 0.48, 0.45 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length / width 5.5 – 7.5, 6.1; setae white to pale yellow, elongate. Occipital setae white, elongate abundant dorsally. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 – 2 dc. Mesonotum dull brownish gray; setae white, elongate. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense; setae white, elongate on propleuron, proepimeron (occasionally absent), anepisternum, katepisternum (setae in band along anterior margin), laterotergite, metanepisternum, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale whitish gray, veins brown with brown spot at fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, apex of discal cell, apex of cells bm and cup; length 5.7 – 6.8, 6.4 mm, width 1.8 – 2.6, 2.3 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.2, 2.8; pterostigma dark brown. Legs. Coxae pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate. Femora dark reddish brown, pubescence white; ventral setae white, elongate, dorsal setae white, appressed. Tibiae yellow. Tarsi 1 dark yellow; 2 – 5 brown. Abdomen. Pubescence white, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, erect, abundant; lateral setae white, elongate. Terminalia (MEI 113211) brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 88), setae pale yellow. Sternite 8 (Fig. 89), rectangular, sides rounded, posterior margin slightly emarginate; setae pale yellow, separated medially on posterior margin. Epandrium (Fig. 88) quadrate; posterolateral margin short, broadly pointed; setae yellow. Hypoproct (Fig. 88), posterior margin slightly emarginate. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 89) quadrate, tapering posteriorly to blunt point, setae yellow, macrosetae yellow; lateral view (Fig. 90), rounded ventrally, extending posteriorly to blunt point, inner gonocoxal process, bilobed, dorsal lobe pointed with yellow setae, ventral lobe rounded, setae absent. Gonostylus dorsal view flattened laterally; lateral view (Fig. 91), narrow, pointed dorsally with numerous dark reddish brown macrosetae apically. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 92) broad laterally, becoming narrow anteriorly, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Fig. 93), broad, sides parallel; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 92) narrow, tapered posteriorly; lateral view (Fig. 94) thick basally, elongate, sigmoid; ejaculatory apodeme (Figs. 92 – 93) reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 6). Body length 6.8 – 10.0, 8.8 mm. Head. Length 0.94 – 1.18, 1.01 mm. Frons pubescence whitish to yellowish gray, dense; setae pale yellow, short, appressed. Antenna / head length 0.59 – 0.72, 0.68; scape length 0.18 – 0.24, 0.20 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.15 mm, length / width 1.1 – 1.4, 1.3, scape / pedicel length 2.3 – 2.7, 2.4, scape / flagellum width 0.8 – 0.9, 0.8; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.15 mm, length / width 0.5 – 0.6, 0.6; flagellum length 0.36 – 0.4, 0.40 mm, width 0.16 – 0.20, 0.19 mm, length / width 2.0 – 2.4, 2.2, flagellum / scape length 1.8 – 2.4, 2.0. Maxillary palpus length 0.46 – 0.50, 0.47 mm, width 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, length / width 5.0 – 5.8, 5.6. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa, 1 – 2 dc. Wing. Length 6.2 – 7.8, 7.0 mm, width 2.0 – 2.7, 2.4 mm, length / width 2.7 – 3.1, 2.9. Abdomen. Yellowish brown, pubescence white (occasionally dark reddish brown); dorsal setae pale yellow, appressed on tergites 1 – 4, dark reddish brown, short on tergites 5 – 8. Terminalia (MEI 170267). Furca (Fig. 95), oval, anterior margin broad, expanded anteriorly, anterolateral projection short; length 0.54 mm, width 0.36 mm. Immature stages. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFFDD568FF1AFD7B2AAB3AFF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Arenigena semitaria is known from Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming (Fig. 96). Habitats and Phenology. Arenigena semitaria has been hand-netted or collected in pitfall or Malaise traps set in dry riverbeds or sand dunes. Adults have been collected from May through August. Specimens examined. Type specimens. Coquillett described Thereva semitaria based on 11 males and four females deposited in the USNM (Type No. 10421). Only one male specimen of this series could be located. This syntype male is labeled " 5 31, Los Angeles Co. Cal., Coquillett Collection " and is in the USNM (Type No. 10421) (MEI 114021). This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of Thereva semitaria Coquillett and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. Other specimens. UNITED STATES. ARIZONA. Navajo County. 30.6 km SW Kayenta [36.533, - 110.448], 1981 m, 16. VI. 1933, Hultgren, H. N., 2 ♂ MEI 156338 – 156339 (CAS). CALIFORNIA. La Puerta, 1 ♂ MEI 156340 (CAS). Kern County. 11.3 km NW Frazier Park [34.895, - 119.016], 1. VII. 1965, Gardner, M. R., 1 ♂ MEI 119049 (UCDC); 16.1 km W Tehachapi, Bear Spring Valley [35.128, - 118.59], 14. VII. 1991, Powell, J., 1 ♂ MEI 119004 (UCDC). Los Angeles County.?. 31. V., 1 ♂ MEI 114021 (MEIC); Claremont [34.097, - 117.719], Baker, 1 ♂ MEI 115633 (USNM). Monterey County. Paraiso Springs [36.331, - 121.368], 27. V. 1927, Slevin, L. S., 1 ♂ MEI 119031 (MEIC). Riverside County. Santa Rosa Mountain [33.538, - 116.461], 27. V. 1946, Knull, D. J., Knull, J. N., 1 ♀ MEI 114602 (OSU). San Bernardino. 9.7 km E Yermo [34.905, - 116.732], 27. VIII. 1952, Leech, H. B., Green, J. W., 1 ♂ MEI 156341 (CAS), dry bed Mojave River. Santa Barbara County. Orcutt [34.873, - 120.425], 22. VIII. 1948, Wirth, W. W., 1 ♂ MEI 113211 (USNM). IDAHO. Bonneville County. Idaho Falls, Ammon Sand Dunes [43.467, - 112.033], 22 – 26. VII. 1936, 1 ♂ MEI 119043 (UMSP). Butte County. 6.4 km SW Howe [43.743, - 113.045], 24. VI. 1987, Johnson, J. B., 1 ♂ MEI 170260 (MEIC). Cassia County. 11.3 km SE Malta [42.306, - 113.368], 21. VII. 1957, Barr, W. F., 1 ♂ MEI 119041 (WFBM); 14.5 km E Malta [42.306, - 113.238], 11. VII. 1981, Wight, R. P., 1 ♂ MEI 079939, 1 ♀ 079937 (INHS), pitfall trap; 15. VII. 1981, 1 ♂ MEI 079934 (WFBM); 29. VII. 1981, 1 ♂ MEI 079935 (WFBM), pitfall trap; 29. VII. 1981, 1 ♂ MEI 079936 (WFBM), pitfall trap; Bridge [42.13, - 113.34], 6. VII. 1978, Knowlton, G. F., 2 ♂ MEI 072748, 072780 (EMUS); Malta [42.306, - 113.368], 20. VI. 1953, O’Connell, T. B., 1 ♂ MEI 119002 (WFBM); 24. VII. 1961, Barr, W. F., 2 ♂ MEI 119032, 119038 (WFBM). Elmore County. 24.2 km W Mountain Home [43.125, - 115.909], 956 m, 16. VI. 1955, Barr, W. F., 1 ♀ MEI 119059 (WFBM). Gooding County. 8.1 km N Bliss [43, - 114.949], 7. VI. 1955, Gillaspy, J. E., 3 ♂ MEI 119007, 119044 (INHS), 119036 (WFBM). Oneida County. 8.1 km NW Holbrook [42.213, - 112.705], 13. VII. 1972, Knowlton, G. F., Hanson, W. J., 1 ♀ MEI 072781 (EMUS). Owyhee County. 3.2 km NW Murphy [43.239, - 116.572], 25. V. 1963, Gittins, A. R., 2 ♂ MEI 119029, 119037 (WFBM). Twin Falls County. Hollister [42.353, - 114.574], 26. VI. 1931, Fox, D. E., 1 ♂ MEI 102058 (MEIC); Frain N of Artesian [Artesian City] [42.2502, - 114.0940], 24. VI. 1917, Burrill, A. C., 1 ♂ MEI 101861 (WSU). NEVADA. Humboldt County. Orovada [41.57, - 117.784], 7. VI. 1961, Bechtel, R. C., 6 ♂ MEI 118998, 170259, 118996, 119030, 119034 – 5 (MEIC); Winnemucca [40.973, - 117.735], 9. VI. 1960, Bohart, G. E., 2 ♂ MEI 119005, 119047 (EMUS). Pershing County. Dago Pass [McKinney Pass] [40.221, - 117.7841], 670 m, 20. VII. 1972, Nishida, G. M., 2 ♂ MEI 076953 – 4 (NVDA). White Pine County. 32.2 km NE Ely [39.455, - 114.675], 13. VII. 1961, Lauderdale, R. W., 4 ♂ MEI 076964 – 5, 076972 – 3 (NVDA). OREGON. Harney County. [42.603, - 118.382], 1. VII. 1979, Lightfoot, Cobb, 2 ♂ MEI 114708, 119028 (UOIC), sand dunes; Alvord Dunes [42.415, - 118.382], 11. VII. 1979, Cobb, N., 1 ♂ MEI 119042 (UOIC); Alvord Well # 3 [42.56, - 118.362], 1. VI. 1979, Lightfoot, Cobb, 1 ♂ MEI 119001 (UOIC), sand dunes; 19. VI. 1979, 1 ♂ MEI 118997 (UOIC), sand dunes; Harney Lake dunes, 11.4 km W Junction 205, 18. V. 1978, Cobb, N., 1 ♂ MEI 118999 (UOIC); Whitehorse Ranch [42.338, - 118.239], 13. VIII. 1967, Goeden, K., 1 ♂ MEI 119046 (ODAC); Willow Creek, W Whitehorse Ranch [42.338, - 118.239], 13. VIII. 1967, Goeden, K., 1 ♀ MEI 119008 (ODAC). Malheur County. 9.7 km SW Vale [43.922, - 117.313], 4. VIII. 1971, Goeden, K. J., 1 ♂ MEI 119033 (ODAC). UTAH. Box Elder County. 1. VIII. 1967, Capelle, K. J., 16 ♂ MEI 072741, 072749, 072752 – 64, 072766 (EMUS); 27.4 km SW Snowville [41.76, - 112.894], 2. VI. 1976, 1 ♂ MEI 075317 (EMUS), Malaise trap, grass; 17. VI. 1976, 1 ♂ MEI 075316 (EMUS), pitfall trap; 27. VII. 1976, 1 ♂ MEI 075314 (EMUS), Malaise trap; 3. VIII. 1976, 1 ♂ MEI 075315 (EMUS), Malaise trap. Millard County. Pahvant, 8. VII. 1965, Knowlton, G. F., 1 ♂ MEI 072776 (EMUS). Uintah County. 8.1 – 16.1 km SW Bonanza [39.931, - 109.222], 1524 – 1707 m, 9. VI. 1982, Schwartz, M. D., 1 ♂ MEI 11900, 1 ♀ 170267 (AMNH). Washington County. Leeds Canyon [37.295, - 113.42], 21 – 23. VII. 1981, Hanson, W. J., 1 ♂ MEI 072769 (EMUS). WYOMING. Green River [41.533, - 109.467], 1859 m, 2. VII. 1920, 1 ♂ MEI 119039 (MEIC). Sweetwater County. 40.3 km S Bitter Creek, 22. VIII. 1931, 1 ♂ MEI 078444 (CMNH); near Tipton, Red Desert [41.628, - 108.263], 27. VI. 1978, Bullington, S. W., 1 ♂ MEI 072331 (CSCA).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFFED567FF1AF9E429E23CBF.taxon	description	Moderately large flies, males 6.2 – 8.4 mm (n = 20), females 6.3 – 10.4 mm (n = 20). Male ocellar tubercle raised above level of occiput. Male eyes holoptic (separated by distance less than width of median ocellus); ommatidia smaller ventrally and laterally. Female frons with pair of large, dark brown, pubescent areas dorsolaterally; frontal setae absent on males, setae absent lateral to antennal base. Face slightly projecting beyond eyes. Antenna shorter than head length; scape cylindrical, longer than wide, over two times length of pedicel, subequal to or wider than flagellum, setae absent medially; pedicel wider than long, setae dark brown, short, absent medially; flagellum oval, apical third narrow, cylindrical, second flagellomere cylindrical, short, third flagellomere cylindrical, over four times longer than second flagellomere, pointed apically, flagellum over two times longer than wide, longer than length of scape. Parafacial setae absent. Gena sharply projecting ventrally with anteroventral patch of short, brown setae. Maxillary palpus cylindrical, apex rounded. Postocular macrosetae dark brown, elongate in single row, extending ventrally at lateral end. Macrosetae dark brown, sparse. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 4 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 pa, 0 – 1 (generally 0) dc, 0 – 2 sc (Irwin and Lyneborg (1981 a) characterized Litolinga with only one pair of scutellar macrosetae, but this proved to be a variable character). Postpronotal lobe concolorous with mesonotum; setae white, elongate. Setae present on cervical sclerite (macrosetae absent), in and around central depression of prosternum, on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite, and scutellum; setae absent on proepimeron, anepimeron, meron, and metanepisternum. Wing. Setulae absent on R 1. Cell m 3 widely open. Cell cup closed, petiolate. Halter stalk yellow, knob brown to dark brown. Legs. Metakatepisternum without setae. Coxae with setae on posterior half of middle coxa; hind coxa with papillate anterior projection; apical macrosetae dark brown, hindcoxa with 1 posterolateral macroseta. Male terminalia dark brown. Tergite 8 (Figs. 98, 106), bilobed, anterior margin broadly emarginate, posterior margin deeply emarginate. Sternite 8 (Figs. 99, 107) quadrate, sides tapered posteriorly; setae in band across posterior margin. Epandrium (Figs. 98, 106) quadrate, wider medially than long; anterior margin concave; setae dark brown. Cerci (Figs. 98, 106) free, ending distal to posterolateral margin of epandrium and above apex of hypoproct. Hypoproct (Figs. 98, 106), posterior margin slightly emarginate; ending below or slightly basal to apex of cerci; apicoventral area flat. Hypandrium (Figs. 99, 107) narrow, strap-like. Gonocoxite ventral view (Figs. 99, 107) separated medially, quadrate, median margin slightly emarginate, extending into narrow, attenuated ventral lobe (Figs. 99, 107), posterior margin emarginate, extending posterolaterally to bluntly pointed gonocoxal process, inner gonocoxal process and macrosetae absent; dorsal view, gonocoxal apodeme narrow, not extending anteriorly beyond anterior margin of gonocoxite; lateral view (Figs. 100, 108) oblong, posterior margin tapered to broad point. Gonostylus (Fig. 101) sinuate with mediolateral expansion. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Figs. 102, 109) quadrate or broadly expanded laterally, anterior margin truncate; ventral apodeme (Figs. 103, 110 a) not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view (Figs. 102, 109) broad basally, tapered posteriorly. Female terminalia. Sternite 8 oval, sides rounded, anterior margin with anteromedial projection; aedeagal guide dark brown, heavily sclerotized. Median lobe of tergite 9 setose. Furca (Figs. 105, 112) closed posteriorly, sides sinuate, anteromedial, posteromedial, and anterolateral projections absent. Common spermathecal duct shorter than length of furca; spermathecal ducts originating from common spermathecal duct at junction of spermathecal sac. Two spermathecae. Immature stages. The immature stages of Litolinga acuta have been reared but not described.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFFED567FF1AF9E429E23CBF.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Litolinga occurs primarily in the southern Nearctic Region and has been hand-netted on sand dunes and sweep-netting grasses; collected from tortoise burrows; at blacklights set on sand dunes and in oakpine forest; Malaise traps set in xeric oak scrub, sand pine, turkey oak, and on sand dunes; in a Steiner trap; and pitfall traps set in sand pine and rosemary scrub. Adults have been generally collected throughout the year although L. acuta has not been collected in January and February. Species included Litolinga acuta (Adams) Litolinga tergisa (Say)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF0D563FF1AFCC72CFE385B.taxon	description	(Figs. 97 – 105)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF0D563FF1AFCC72CFE385B.taxon	description	87 ant.; 1965: 350 cat.) (Psilocephala); Irwin and Lyneborg (1981 a: 236 spec. list, comb. change, Figs. 16 – 17 fem. head, 136 – 141 male genit.) (Litolinga). Type locality Kansas, Clark County, Englewood. Lectotype male in SEMC. pallida Kröber (1914: 38 male key, 45 male desc.), Cole (1923 a: 75 desc.; 1965: 351 cat.) (Psilocephala); Irwin and Lyneborg (1981 a: 236: spec. list, syn. desig., comb. change) (Litolinga). Type locality USA, Texas. Holotype male in USNM (Type No. 26018).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF0D563FF1AFCC72CFE385B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Diagnostic characteristic separating this species from Litolinga tergisa are given in the key to species.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF0D563FF1AFCC72CFE385B.taxon	description	Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.7 – 8.4, 7.5 mm. Head. Length 0.80 – 1.02, 0.92 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence brownish gray, dense; setae black, short. Frons pubescence brownish gray, dense with whitish brown pubescence dorsolateral to antennal base and small dark brown area ventrolateral along eye margin. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark yellow, first flagellomere brown with apical third dark yellow, second and third flagellomeres dark brown; antenna / head length 0.63 – 0.75, 0.69; scape length 0.16 – 0.18, 0.17 mm, width 0.12 – 0.20, 0.15 mm, length / width 0.9 – 1.5, 1.2, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.7, 2.2, scape / flagellum width 0.9 – 1.4, 0.9, setae dark brown grading into dark brown macrosetae, short; pedicel length 0.06 – 0.09, 0.08 mm, width 0.12 – 0.14, 0.13 mm, length / width 0.50 – 0.75, 0.62; flagellum length 0.23 – 0.40, 0.36 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.16 mm, length / width 2.0 – 2.7, 2.3, flagellum / scape length 1.8 – 2.4, 2.1. Parafacial pubescence dark yellowish brown, dark brown pubescent band across dorsal fourth of parafacial. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.34 – 0.52, 0.44 mm, width 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, length / width 4.0 – 5.6, 4.7; setae dark brown, elongate. Gena dark brown, white posteriorly, projecting ventrally, setae dark brown, short, white, elongate on posterior half. Thorax. Macrosetae 2 – 4 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 pa, 0 dc, 1 sc. Mesonotum dull brownish gray; setae dark brown, short, erect, sparse with white elongate, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense with faint dark brown dorsal margin; setae white, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum (occasionally sparse), laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale brownish gray with pale gray areas within cells, veins brown with brown spot or margin at fork of R 4 + 5, r – m, apex and base of discal cell, apex of cells bm and cup, and on veins R 2 + 3, R 4, R 5, M 1, M 2, M 3, CuA 1, and A 1 + CuA 2; length 5.2 – 6.5, 5.8 mm, width 1.8 – 2.3, 2.0 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.1, 2.9; pterostigma dark brown. Legs. Coxae pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate. Femora brown; ventral setae dark brown. Tibiae pale brown. Tarsi brown. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence brown, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, erect, sparse with dark brown, appressed setae; lateral setae white, elongate. Terminalia (MEI 075738) dark brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 98), setae yellow, continuous across posterior margin. Sternite 8 (Fig. 99), posterior margin rounded; setae yellow. Epandrium (Fig. 98), posterolateral margin narrow, pointed with dark brown sclerotization. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 99) posterior margin emarginate, extending posterolaterally to narrow gonocoxal process, setae yellow; lateral view (Fig. 100). Gonostylus (Fig. 101), narrow, flattened dorsoventrally with mediolateral expansion, setae pale yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 102) rectangular, sides almost parallel; ventral apodeme (Fig. 103), short, diverging anteriorly; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 102) tapered posteriorly, apex divided; lateral view (Fig. 104) short, thick, tapered posteriorly in broad curved; ejaculatory apodeme cylindrical, anterior half slightly expanded, not reaching anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.3 – 10.4, 7.7 mm. Head. Length 0.74 – 1.06, 0.92 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense on ventral half, dorsal half dark brown, pubescence brownish gray with large, dark brown circle mediolaterally; setae white to pale yellow, elongate ventrally and dark brown dorsally. Antenna / head length 0.57 – 0.78, 0.67; scape length 0.16 – 0.26, 0.20 mm, width 0.14 – 0.20, 0.17 mm, length / width 1.0 – 1.3, 1.2, scape / pedicel length 2.0 – 3.3, 2.8, scape / flagellum width 1.0 – 1.3, 1.0; pedicel length 0.06 – 0.10, 0.07 mm, width 0.12 – 0.18, 0.15 mm, length / width 0.33 – 0.71, 0.51; flagellum length 0.30 – 0.42, 0.35 mm, width 0.14 – 0.20, 0.17 mm, length / width 1.8 – 2.4, 2.1, flagellum / scape length 1.5 – 2.1, 1.8. Maxillary palpus length 0.36 – 0.60, 0.47 mm, width 0.08 – 0.10, 0.09 mm, length / width 4.4 – 6.2, 5.2. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 – 4 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 – 2 sc (MEI 133478 with two pairs of scutellar macrosetae). Wing. Length 5.7 – 7.7, 6.4 mm, width 1.7 – 2.7, 2.1 mm, length / width 2.8 – 3.4, 3.0. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence gray, denser on tergites 1 – 4 and most of tergites 2 – 7, tergite 8 glossy; dorsal setae white to pale yellow appressed. Terminalia (MEI 170195). Furca (Fig. 105) tapered posterior, anterior margin closed; length 0.42 mm, width 0.28 mm. Immature stages. Two males (MEI 170191 – 2) and 5 females (MEI 133479, 147276, 170187, 170189 – 90) have been reared from larvae collected on the east side of the Kleberg County line [27.584, - 97.241], Texas.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF0D563FF1AFCC72CFE385B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Litolinga acuta is known from Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz) and the United States (Colorado, Kansas, Texas) (Fig. 97). Habitats and Phenology. Litolinga acuta has been hand-netted or collected in Malaise traps and at blacklights on dunes. Adults have been collected from February through December. Specimens examined. Type specimens. Ten syntypes of Psilocephala acuta Adams (MEI 113834 – 7 (USNM), 140432 – 3 (MCZ), 170183 – 6 (SEMC )) were examined with the following label information: MEI 113834 female (USNM): 1 st label: " [typeset] COTYPE ". 2 nd label " [typeset] Clark Co. Ks. May 1962 ft. F. H. Snow ". 3 rd label: " [typeset] Collection JMAldrich ". 4 th label " [handwritten in black ink] Psilocephala acuta Adams ". MEI 113835 – 7 females (USNM): 1 st label: " [typeset] COTYPE ". 2 nd label " [typeset] Clark Co. Ks. May 1962 ft. F. H. Snow ". 3 nd label: " [typeset] ALMelander Collection 1961 ". MEI 140432 female (MCZ) 1 st label: " [typeset] Clark Co. Ks. May 1962 ft. F. H. Snow ". 2 nd label: " [typeset] Type ". 3 rd label: " [red label] [typeset] Cotype No. ". 4 th label: " [typeset] Collection C. W. Johnson ". MEI 140433 female (MCZ) 1 st label: " [typeset] Clark Co. Ks. May 1962 ft. F. H. Snow ". 2 nd label: " [typeset] Type ". 3 rd label: " [red label] [typeset] Cotype No. ". 4 th label: “ red label] [typeset] Type 7567. 5 th label: " [typeset] Collection C. W. Johnson ". MEI 170185 male, 170183, 170184, 170186 females (SEMC) 1 st label: " [typeset] Clark Co. Ks. May 1962 ft. F. H. Snow ". 2 nd label: " [typeset] Type ". The male (MEI 170185) is designated as the lectotype (SEMC). This lectotype is designated in order to fix the concept of Psilocephala acuta Adams and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. The other specimens are designated as paralectotypes. The holotype male of Psilocephala pallida Kröber is labeled " Texas, 19. VI. " in USNM (Type No. 26018). Other specimens. MEXICO. Tamaulipas. Tampico [22.255, - 97.869], 15 m, 29. XII. 1963. Tauber, M. J., Toschi, C. A., 1 ♂ MEI 146089 (EMEC), blacklight trap; Punta Piedras 12. IX. 1981, Cross, W. H., 1 ♂ MEI 088118 (MEMU). VERACRUZ. 1.6 km W Anton Lizardo [19.05, - 95.998], 0 m, 23. VI. 1961, U. Kans. Mex. Exped., 4 ♂ MEI 146064, 146084 – 5, 146093, 2 ♀ 147265, 147267 (SEMC); 16.1 km N Nautla [20.361, - 96.783], 8. XII. 1991, Chamberlain, W. F., 1 ♀ MEI 076537 (TAMU), at light; 16.1 km N Veracruz, Boca Andrea [19.345, - 96.133], 18. VIII. 1977, Schlinger, E. I., 1 ♂ MEI 147257 (EMEC), sand dunes; 53.1 km S Nautla, Hwy 130 [19.739, - 96.783], 31. X. 1982, Gonzalez, Huber, 1 ♂ MEI 072586 (CSCA); Boca del Rio [19.12, - 96.114], 9. IX. 1948, Downs, W. G., 2 ♂ MEI 076029 – 30, (AMNH); 9. VII. 1973, Artaud, C. R., 1 ♂ MEI 128419 (FSCA); Nautla [20.217, - 96.783], 12. VII. 1975, 1 ♂ MEI 087784 (UNAM); Veracruz [19.19, - 96.14, 11. VI. 1959, Evans, H. E., 2 ♂ MEI 146081, 146086 (CUIC). UNITED STATES. COLORADO. 1 ♂ MEI 113856, 1 ♀ 113855 (USNM). KANSAS. Clark County. 598 m,?. V.?, Snow, F. H., 3 ♀ OSU 0011316 – 7 (OSU), MEI 113837 (USNM). Reno County. Medora [. 03, - 97.845], 13. V.?, Painter, R. H., 3 ♂ MEI 080333 (SEMC), 146066, 170193 (KSUC), 2 ♀ 080331 (SEMC), 111590 (KSUC), sand dunes; 20. V. 1929, 2 ♂ MEI 080332 (SEMC), 146124 (KSUC), sand dunes; 25. V. 1929, 1 ♀ MEI 170194 (KSUC); 26. V. 1929, 2 ♂ MEI 146079, 146082 (MEIC), 2 ♀ 147262, 170195 (KSUC); 1. IX. 1929, 1 ♂ MEI 133480 (KSUC); 2. IX. 1959, 1 ♂ MEI 170196 (KSUC). Stafford County. [38.199, - 98.534], 27. V. 1950, Evans, H. E., 1 ♂ MEI 146062, 1 ♀ 146063 (EMEC). TEXAS. Goose Island, 21. IV. 1962, Chamberlain, W. F., 1 ♂ MEI 076538 (TAMU); North Padre Island [, 12. X. 1979, Knudson, E. C., 1 ♂ MEI 128434 (FSCA); Padre Island, 5. VI. 1980, Marshall, S. A., 1 ♂ MEI 077950 (DEBU). Aransas County. [28.233, - 96.9], 20. V. 1972, Wirth, W. W., 1 ♀ MEI 113879 (USNM); Burke, H. R., 1 ♂ MEI 076534, 3 ♀ 076533, 076535 – 6 (TAMU); 12. IV. 1992, Chamberlain, W. F., 1 ♀ MEI 076547 (TAMU), at light; North of Aransas Pass [28.226, - 97.661], 14. VI. 1969, Heitzman, R. L., 1 ♂ MEI 128414 (FSCA), ultraviolet light. Atascosa County. Pleasanton [28.967, - 98.478], 3. IV. 1976, Jordon, M. K., 1 ♀ MEI 076539 (TAMU). Brooks County. Laguna Salada [lake] [27.165, - 98.098], 5. IX. 1974, Gillaspy, 1 ♂ MEI 113847 (USNM). Cameron County. 5. V. 1964, Pechuman, L. L., 2 ♂ MEI 133481, 146080, 1 ♀ 147272 (CUIC); 7. V. 1964, 1 ♂ MEI 133482, 1 ♀ 147258 (CUIC); 5. IV. 1980, Marshall, S. A., 1 ♂ MEI 077949 (DEBU). Cameron County. 10 km N South Padre Island [26.246, - 97.186], 24. III. 1997, Metz, M. A., 7 ♂ MEI 146065, 146068 – 70, 146075, 146077 – 8, 5 ♀ 147246 – 7, 147250 – 2 (INHS), coastal dunes; Webb, D. W., Metz, M. A., Holston, K. C., 1 ♀ MEI 147249 (INHS), Malaise trap, coastal dune; 2 km S Del Mar, Boca Chica Beach [25.997, - 97.152], 25. III. 1997, Metz, M. A., 2 ♀ MEI 146073, 146092 (INHS); Webb, D. W., 5 ♂ MEI 146071, 146074, 146076, 146090 – 1, 1 ♀ 147248 (INHS); Boca Chica [25.918, - 97.401], 6. IX. 1975, Fisher, E. M., 1 ♀ MEI 147275 (UCR); Boca Chica Beach [25.993, - 97.148], 24. X. 1992, Riley, E., 1 ♂ MEI 076546 (TAMU), UV light; L [o] s Fresnos [26.073, - 97.478], 18. XI. 1969, Riherd, P. T., 1 ♀ MEI 076530 (TAMU); Boca Chica State Park [25.997, - 97.152], 25. III. 1997, Metz, M. A., Webb, D. W., Holston, K. C., MEI 114596 (INHS); 1. IX. 1975, Johnson, S. J., 1 ♂ MEI 147268 (M EIC). Comanche County. 4.8 km W DeLeon, 15. X. 1978, 1 ♂ MEI 076540 (TAMU); Beattie [32.038, - 98.692], 30. VIII. 1976, 1 ♂ MEI 146083, 1 ♀ 133477 (MEIC); 18. IX. 1976, 1 ♀ MEI 076527 (TAMU). Dimit County. 12 km WNW Artesia Wells [28.3, - 99.407], 23. III. 1997, Webb, D. W., Metz, M. A., Holston, K. C., 1 ♀ MEI 146072 (INHS), Malaise trap. Frio County. Pearsall [28.892, - 99.095], 6. II. 1937, 1 ♂ MEI 076528 (TAMU). Galveston County. Galveston [29.303, - 94.798], 5. VI. 1900, 1 ♂ MEI 075738 (CUIC);?. VI. 1900, 1 ♂ MEI 113851 (USNM); 30. V. 1918, Bradley, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 147254 (CUIC);?. VI. 2000, Johnson, 1 ♂ MEI 147277 (CUIC). Goliad County. 1.6 km E Goliad [28.668, - 97.374], 7. V. 1953, Beamer, L. D., 1 ♀ MEI 147260 (MEIC). Hidalgo County.?. 16. VIII. 1933, Bromley, S., 1 ♀ MEI 113838 (USNM); Edinburg [26.301, - 98.163], 1. III. 1968, Riley, D. R., 1 ♂ MEI 146067 (MEIC); Hidalgo, International Bridge [26.104, - 98.246], 24. VI. 1969, Riley, D. R., 1 ♀ MEI 147261 (MEIC); Weslaco [26.147, - 97.973], 27. V. 1933, Bromley, S., 1 ♂ MEI 113852 (USNM); Anzalduas Dam [26.4, - 98.18], 9. VIII. 1968, Riley, D. R., 1 ♀ MEI 147270 (MEIC). Kenedy County. [27.167, - 97.667], 18. VII. 1976, Gillaspy, J. E., 2 ♀ MEI 113841 – 2 (USNM); 46.7 km South Sarita [26.801, - 97.789], 14. IV. 1950, Beamers, Stephen, Michener, Rozens, 1 ♀ MEI 147269 (SEMC); Sarita [27.221, - 97.789], 1. XII. 1911, collector?, 1 ♂ MEI 117977 (MEIC), sandy prairie; [26.95, - 97.384], 28. VI. 1973, 1 ♀ MEI 090154 (NCSU); Kleberg County. [27.423, - 97.331], 20. IX. 1974, Gillaspy, 1 ♂ MEI 113845 (USNM); 19. V. 1976, 4 ♂ MEI 113843 – 4, 113846, 113850, 2 ♀ 113848 – 9 (USNM); [27.423, - 97.331], 5. IV. 1980, Marshall, S. A., 1 ♀ MEI 077948, 1 ♀ 077951 (DEBU); [27.423, - 97.331], 10. IV. 1996, Leatherman, D., 1 ♀ MEI 075495 (CSUC); Kingsville [27.516, - 97.856], 9. XI. 1969, Sepulveda, G., 1 ♂ MEI 113840 (USNM). Leon County. 8.1 km N Flynn [31.224, - 96.123], 4. V. 1994, Godwin, W., Riley, E., 3 ♂ MEI 076542, 076544 – 5 (TAMU), UV light. Neueces County. east side at Kleberg County line [27.584, - 97.241], 18. II. 1993, Irwin, M. E., 2 ♂ MEI 170191 – 2, 5 ♀ 133479, 147276, 170187, 170189 – 90 (MEIC), sieved. Refugio County. Rockport [28.031, - 97.049], 22. V. 1980, Webb, D. W., 1 ♀ MEI 028114 (INHS). San Patricio County. [28.062, - 97.876], 18. VIII. 1963, Byers, G. W., 1 ♀ MEI 147255 (SEMC); 12.9 km [NE] Sinton [28.118, - 97.427], 22. V. 1981, Doyen, J., 1 ♀ MEI 133478 (EMEC). Starr County. La Reforma [26.686, - 98.374], 24. III. 1986, Chamberlain, W. F., 1 ♀ MEI 076541 (TAMU); [26.58, - 99.143], 20. VI. 1969, Board, V. V., Hafernik, 1 ♂ MEI 076531 (TAMU). Upshur County. 1.6 km N Big Sandy [32.598, - 95.109], 4. IV. 1970, Board, V. V., Murray, R., 1 ♂ MEI 076532 (TAMU). Victoria County. Victoria [28.805, - 97.003], 10. IX. 1908, Mitchell, J. D., 1 ♂ MEI 113839 (USNM); 12. III. 1913, 1 ♀ MEI 113853 (USNM). Washington County. Washington [30.386, - 96.161],?. IX. 1967, Schaffner, J. C., 1 ♀ MEI 076529 (TAMU). Willacy County. 6.4 km N. Raymondville [26.539, - 97.783], 4. IV. 1952, Michener, Beamer, Wille, LaBerge, 1 ♂ MEI 146088 (SEMC); Raymondville [26.48, - 97.78], 7. IV. 1952, Michner, Beamers, LaBerge, W., 1 ♂ MEI 146087, 2 ♀ 147271, 170189 (SEMC).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF5D51EFF1AFC612B0D392C.taxon	description	(Figs. 50, 106 – 112)	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF5D51EFF1AFC612B0D392C.taxon	description	County, 2 miles west of Archer. Neotype in FSCA. tergissa Le Conte (1859: 57 unjustified emendation), Coquillett (1893 b: 223 key), Aldrich (1905: 247 cat.), Kröber (1912: 223 male key, 225 fem. key, 231 spec. list, 234 desc.; 1913: 34 dist., 39 fem. key), Cole (1923 a: 34 male key, 37 fem. key, 71 desc., dist., Figs. 50 fem. frons, 66 ant.; 1965: 352 cat.) (Psilocephala); (Irwin and Lyneborg 1981 a: 236 nom.) (Litolinga). corusca Wiedemann (1828: 232 desc.), Kröber (1913: 34 dist.), Cole (1923 a: 71 syn. of tergisa Say) (Thereva); Cole (1965: 352 cat.) (Psilocephala); (Irwin and Lyneborg 1981 a: 236 nom., syn. of tergisa Say). Holotype male deposition unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF5D51EFF1AFC612B0D392C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Diagnostic characteristic separating this species from Litolinga acuta are given in the key to species.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF5D51EFF1AFC612B0D392C.taxon	description	Redescription of MALE. Variation (n = 10). Body length 6.2 – 8.0, 7.4 mm. Head. Length 0.80 – 1.04, 0.96 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence brownish gray, dense; setae black, elongate. Frons pubescence brownish gray, dense with white pubescence dorsolateral to antennal base and small dark brown area ventrolateral along eye margin; black pubescent area lateral to antennal bases. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown, pubescence gray, dense, first flagellomere brown with apical third yellow, second flagellomere yellow, third flagellomere dark brown; antenna / head length 0.61 – 0.73, 0.69; scape length 0.14 – 0.20, 0.18 mm, width 0.12 – 0.16, 0.14 mm, length / width 1.1 – 1.5, 1.3, scape / pedicel length 1.8 – 2.3, 2.1, scape / flagellum width 0.9 – 1.1, 1.0, setae dark brown, short, macrosetae dark brown; pedicel length 0.07 – 0.12, 0.08 mm, width 0.10 – 0.14, 0.12 mm, length / width 0.6 – 1.0, 0.7; flagellum length 0.30 – 0.46, 0.40 mm, width 0.12 – 0.18, 0.14 mm, length / width 2.0 – 3.3, 2.8, flagellum / scape length 1.9 – 2.9, 2.3. Parafacial pubescence dark yellowish brown, dark brown ventrally, dense. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.34 – 0.52, 0.43 mm, width 0.06 – 0.08, 0.07 mm, length / width 5.0 – 6.7, 5.8; setae dark brown, elongate. Gena dark brown, white posteriorly, projecting ventrally, setae dark brown, short, white, elongate on posterior fourth. Occipital setae white, elongate white becoming sparse dorsally. Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 – 3 sa, 1 pa, 0 – 1 dc, 0 – 2 sc. Mesonotum dull brownish gray; setae dark brown, short, erect, sparse with white elongate, appressed setae. Pleuron pubescence gray, dense with faint dark brown dorsal margin; setae white, elongate on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum (sparse), laterotergite, and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale brown, veins brown with brown spot or margin at fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, apex and base of discal cell, apex of cells bm and cup, and on veins R 2 + 3, R 4, R 5, M 1, M 2, M 3, CuA 1, and A 1 + CuA 2; length 5.7 – 6.5, 6.0 mm, width 2.0 – 2.5, 2.2 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.1, 2.8; pterostigma dark brown. Legs. Coxae pubescence white, dense; setae white, elongate. Femora dark brown; setae dark brown. Foretibia dark yellowish brown becoming darker apically; midtibia pale brown, hindtibia dark brown. Tarsi dark brown. FIGURES 106 – 112. Litolinga tergisa. 106. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci. 107. Sternite 8, gonocoxite ventral view. 108. Gonocoxite, lateral view. 109. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 110 a. Aedeagus, ventral view. 110 b. Ejaculatory process. 111. Aedeagus, lateral view. 112. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence brown, dense; dorsal setae white, elongate, erect, sparse with dark brown, appressed setae; lateral setae white, elongate. Terminalia (MEI) dark brown. Tergite 8 (Fig. 106), setae dark brown, absent medially on posterior margin. Sternite 8 (Fig. 107), posterior margin broadly emarginate; setae dark brown. Epandrium (Fig. 106) quadrate; posterolateral margin short, broadly pointed; setae dark brown. Gonocoxite ventral view (Fig. 107) quadrate, median margin straight, extending into ventral lobe, posterior margin deeply emarginate, extending posterolaterally to bluntly pointed gonocoxal process, setae dark brown; lateral view (Fig. 108), dorsal margin straight, rounded ventrally, extending posteriorly to bluntly pointed gonocoxal process; ventral lobe (Fig. 107) large, flattened laterally. Gonostylus (as in Fig. 101), narrow, flattened dorsoventrally, apex curved dorsomedially with basodorsal lobe, setae pale yellow. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme (Fig. 109) broad, rectangular; ventral apodeme (Fig. 110), narrow, tapered anteriorly; distiphallus dorsal view (Fig. 109) short, tapered posteriorly; lateral view (Fig. 111) short, thick, tapered posteriorly in broad curved; ejaculatory apodeme generally slightly expanded anteriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 110 a) but several specimens in Alabama and Florida (UCF 055711, 055713, MEI 090176, 127729, 146097, 146110, 163410, 170180, have the anterior half broadly expanded (Fig. 110 b), extending anteriorly to anterior margin of dorsal apodeme. FEMALE. Similar to male except for following. Variation (n = 10). Body length 7.5 – 9.8, 8.9 mm. Head. Length 0.84 – 1.04, 0.95 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense on ventral half, dorsal half dark brown, pubescence brownish gray with large, dark brown circle mediolaterally; setae white to pale yellow, elongate ventrally, dark brown dorsally. Antenna / head length 0.7 – 0.8, 0.7; scape length 0.16 – 0.22, 0.20 mm, width 0.13 – 0.19, 0.15 mm, length / width 1.0 – 1.6, 1.3, scape / pedicel length 2.0 – 2.8, 2.4, scape / flagellum 0.8 – 1.1, 0.9 width; pedicel length 0.08 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, width 0.12 – 0.14, 0.13 mm, length / width 0.6 – 0.7, 0.65; flagellum length 0.34 – 0.44, 0.40 mm, width 0.14 – 0.18, 0.16 mm, length / width 2.2 – 2.8, 2.5, flagellum / scape length 1.6 – 2.4, 2.0. Maxillary palpus length 0.30 – 0.50, 0.43 mm, width 0.07 – 0.10, 0.08 mm, length / width 3.8 – 6.6, 5.2. Thorax. Macrosetae 1 – 4 np, 1 – 2 sa, 1 pa, 0 – 2 dc, 1 – 2 sc. Wing. Length 6.2 – 7.3, 6.8 mm, width 2.0 – 2.7, 2.3 mm, length / width 2.6 – 3.4, 2.9. Abdomen. Dark brown, pubescence gray, denser on tergites 1 – 4 and most of tergites 2 – 7, tergite 8 glossy; dorsal setae white to pale yellow appressed. Terminalia (MEI 128598). Furca (Fig. 112) quadrate, anterior margin open; length 0.44 mm, width 0.30 mm. Immature stages. Unknown.	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
03D64F13FFF5D51EFF1AFC612B0D392C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Litolinga tergisa is known from Alabama, Florida, and Georgia (Fig. 50). Habitats and Phenology. Litolinga tergisa has been hand-netted on sand dunes and by sweep-netting grasses; collected from gopher tortoise burrows; at blacklights set on sand dunes and in oak-pine forest; Malaise traps set in xeric oak scrub, sand pine, turkey oak, and on sand dunes; in a Steiner trap; and pitfall traps set in sand pine and rosemary scrub. Adults have been collected throughout the year. Specimens examined. Type specimens. The type specimen of Thereva tergisa Say has been destroyed. The neotype male of T. tergisa (MEI 128582) is labeled " FLORIDA: Levy County, 2 mi. W. Archer, Rosemary Scrub, Malaise trap, 9 - IV- 1991, Roberts & Fairchild " and is deposited in the FSCA. This neotype is designated to fix the concept of T. tergisa and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same. The museum location of the holotype male of Thereva corusca Wiedemann is unknown (P. Sehnal NMW, T. Pape ZMUC, personnel comm.) Other specimens. UNITED STATES. ALABAMA. Baldwin County. Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge [30.239, - 87.824], 13. X. 1991, Eickwort, G. C., 1 ♂ MEI 163410 (CUIC); 11. X. 1991, Brown, R., Pollock, D., 4 ♂ MEI 146106 – 8, 146110 (MEMU), blacklight on sand dunes; 11 – 15. X. 1991, Schiefer, T., MacGown, J., 1 ♀ MEI 146121 (MEMU), Malaise trap on dunes; 11. X. 1991, 1 ♀ MEI 146123 (MEMU), on sand dunes; 12 – 16. X. 1991, Schiefer, T., Eickwort, G., 1 ♀ MEI 146122 (MEMU), Malaise trap on dunes; [30.247, - 87.829], 11 – 12. X. 1993, Pollock, D. M., 1 ♂ MEI 147253 (MEMU), blacklight, oak-pine forest; [30.236, - 87.83], 11. X. 1993, Schiefer, T. L., 1 ♂ MEI 146111 (MEMU), in hind dune. FLORIDA. Avalon, 29. I. 1948, Link, O. D., 1 ♀ MEI 003779 (FSCA). Bay County. 23. IV. 1963, Woodruff, R. E., 1 ♂ MEI 003783 (FSCA), blacklight. Brevard County. La Grange [28.636, - 80.831], 11. IX. 1913, 1 ♀ MEI 070698 (NYSM); Malabar, Malabar Road [28.007, - 80.569], 11 – 25. XI. 2000, Russell, P. J., Prusak, Z., Fullerton, S. M., 1 ♀ MEI 146049 (UCFC), Malaise trap, xeric oak scrub; Titusville [28.612, - 80.808], 15 – 31. I. 2001, Prusak, Z., Russell, P. J., Fullerton, S. M., 1 ♀ UCF 0092043 (UCFC), Malaise trap; Titusville, Enchanted Forest Sanctuary, White Trail [28.612, - 80.808], 23 – 30. VIII. 1999, Prusak, Z., Russell, P. J., Fullerton, S. M., 4 ♂ UCF 0091898, 0092255, MEI 146100, 146045, 3 ♀ MEI 146041, 146043, UCF 0092249 (UCFC), Malaise trap; West of Melbourne [28.083, - 80.608], 30. VII. 1981, Smith, F. R., 1 ♂ MEI 128570 (FSCA); Fort Lauderdale [26.122, - 80.144], 19. II. 1919, Wetmore, A., 1 ♀ MEI 090380 (MEIC). Clay County. 10 km NE Keystone Heights [29.849, - 81.968], 60 m, 10 – 14. III. 1994, Acciavatti, R., Glaser, J., 6 ♂ MEI 146109, 146112 – 6 (CMNH), scrub forest; 9 km NE Keystone Heights [29.843, - 81.974], 10 – 14. III. 1994, Acciavatti, R., Glaser, 4 ♂ MEI 146102 – 5, 1 ♀ 146118 – 20 (CMNH). Collier County. Golden Gate Estates, at dead end 27 Ave., 20. VI. 1992, Belmont, R. A., 1 ♀ MEI 146117 (BEZC). Dade County. 5. V. 1956, Denmark, H. A., 1 ♂ MEI 113877 (USNM), 7. VII. 1960, Taylor, L. W., 1 ♂ MEI 003774 (FSCA); Jacksonville [30.332, - 81.656], Slosson, A. T., 1 ♀ MEI 003790 (FSCA). Duval County. Atlantic Beach [30.334, - 81.399], date?, Slosson, A. T., 1 ♂ MEI 003788 (FSCA). Flagler County. Flagler Beach [29.475, - 81.127], 14. III. 1985, Asquith, A., 1 ♂ MEI 088122, 1 ♀ 088121 (MEMU). Hernando County. Weeki Wachee [28.515, - 82.573],?. IX. 1978, Hoebeke, E. R., Carter, M. E., 1 ♀ MEI 075557 (CUIC). Highlands County. 8.1 km S Sebring [27.421, - 81.418], 25. X. 1919, Stange, L., 1 ♂ MEI 146051 (CUIC); 21. III. 1978, Weems, H. V., Jr., 2 ♀ MEI 028351, 146055 (FSCA), fossil sand dunes; Archbold Biological Station [27.188, - 81.338], 7. X. 1964, Arnaud, P. H., Jr., 2 ♀ MEI 156207 – 8 (CAS); 7. V. 1965, Pechuman, L. L., 1 ♂ MEI 146125, 1 ♀ 170181 (CUIC), at light; 24. III. 1967, Beard, R. G., 1 ♂ MEI 146097 (CUIC), blacklight; 30. III. 1969, Pechuman, L. L., 1 ♂ MEI 146094 (CUIC), 24. V. 1978, Weems, H. V., Jr., Klein, L. K., 1 ♀ MEI 146061 (FSCA), flight trap; 20 – 22. X. 1978, Weems, H. V., Jr., Chance, S. J., 1 ♀ MEI 028350 (FSCA), flight trap; 22. X. 1979, Weems, H. V., Jr., Webber, T. A., 1 ♀ MEI 146038 (FSCA), flight trap; 24. X. 1979, 1 ♀ MEI 146044 (FSCA), flight trap; 29. X. 1979, 1 ♀ MEI 146054 (FSCA), flight trap; 24 – 27. III. 1984, Miller, J. S., 1 ♀ MEI 010241 (CUIC); Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Station [27.188, - 81.338], 17. I. 1989, Deyrup, M., 2 ♂ MEI 146099, 146101 (FSCA); 3. X. 1982, Deyrup, M., 1 ♂ MEI 133490 (FSCA), blacklight; 21. III. 1966, Dawson, R. W., 1 ♂ MEI 146096 (MEIC); 16. III. 1969, Pechuman, L. L., 1 ♂ MEI 146095, 1 ♀ MEI 146040 (CUIC); 31. X. 1982, Deyrup, M., 1 ♂ MEI 133492 (FSCA), blacklight; 9. X. 1984, 1 ♂ MEI 146060 (FSCA); Sebring [27.495, - 81.441], 24. XII. 1949, Weems, H. V., Jr., 1 ♂ MEI 113882 (USNM). Hillsborough County. Tampa [27.947, - 82.61], 10. III. 1961, Patton, J. V., 1 ♂ MEI 003775 (FSCA). Indian River County. Vero Beach [27.638, - 80.398], Malloch, J. R., 12 ♂ MEI 113859, 113861 – 3, 113865, 113868 – 9, 113873 – 6, 113878, 5 ♀ 113860, 113864, 113870, 113888 – 9 (USNM). Lee County. Boca Grande 20. V. 1985, Dow, L. C., 1 ♀ MEI 128595 (FSCA); 7. III. 1954, Weems, H. V., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 003785 (FSCA); 9. IX. 1955, Weems, H. V., Jr., 1 ♂ MEI 003787 (FSCA), at light; 10. IX. 1955, Morse, R. A., 1 ♀ MEI 003784 (FSCA); 3.2 km W Archer [29.53, - 82.548], 19. IV. 1991, Roberts, Fairchild, 2 ♂ MEI 128564 – 5, 2 ♀ 128590, 128593 (FSCA), Malaise trap; 4 km S Archer [29.494, - 82.519],?. V. 1991, Farichild, G. B., Roberts, R, 1 ♂ MEI 128583, 2 ♀ 128592, 128594 (FSCA), flight trap; 4.8 km SW Archer [29.499, - 82.55], 30. III. 1989, Woodruff, R. E., Skelley, P., 1 ♂ MEI 128567 (FSCA), blacklight; 6.3 km SW Archer [29.49, - 82.559],?. V. 1991, Fairchild, G. B., Roberts, R, 1 ♂ MEI 128578 (FSCA), flight trap, turkey oak scrub; Cedar Key [29.138, - 83.035], 25. V. 1970, Bailey, D. L., 1 ♂ MEI 113880 (USNM), Malaise trap; 8. VI. 1970, 1 ♂ MEI 113881 (USNM), Malaise trap; 21. IX. 1973, Heppner, J. B., 1 ♀ MEI 128577 (FSCA), blacklight; 7. XII. 1989, Benmer, R. H., 1 ♀ MEI 080327 (SEMC); 21. XI. 1993, Heppner, J. B., 1 ♂ MEI 128569 (FSCA), blacklight; 10. VIII. 1939, Hardy, A. T., 1 ♂ MEI 080329, 1 ♀ 080330 (SEMC); Montbrook [29.327, - 82.451], 4. II. 1941, Hepner, L. W., 1 ♀ MEI 080328 (SEMC); Seahorse Key [29.097, - 83.066], 2. IX. 1956, Wharton, C. H., 2 ♀ MEI 003781 – 2 (FSCA). Manatee County. [27.529, - 82.616], 17. XI. 1964, Chancey, D. C., 1 ♂ MEI 003778 (FSCA), Steiner trap; Bradenton [27.499, - 82.575],?. III.?, Van Duzee, M. C., 1 ♀ MEI 156206 (CAS). Marion County. 8 km S Belleview [28.983, - 82.063], 25. III. 1987, Maier, C., 1 ♀ MEI 078699 (CAES); Ocala [29.19, - 82.136], 5. XI. 1932, Blanton, F. S., 1 ♂ MEI 075737 (CUIC); 23. III. 1961, Weems, H. V., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 003776 (FSCA); Silver Springs Woods, 6 – 15. VI. 1984, Marshall, S., 1 ♂ MEI 077953, 1 ♀ 077952 (DEBU); vicinity Hopkins Prairie [29.276, - 81.711], 29. IV – 2. V. 1979, Fairchild, G. B., 1 ♀ MEI 128591 (FSCA), flight trap; Ocala, vicinity Hopkins Prairie [29.187, - 82.14], 11 – 18. V. 1979, Fairchild, G. B., 1 ♂ MEI 146048 (FSCA), flight trap. Miami-Dade County. Miami [25.774, - 80.194], 26. III. 1944, Wirth, W. W., 1 ♀ MEI 039643 (WSU); 4. IV. 1945, 1 ♂ MEI 146039 (UMSP). Nassau County. [30.669, - 81.463], 29. X. 1983, Porter, C., Stange, L., 1 ♀ MEI 128573 (FSCA). Orange County. 21. VI. 1929, Smith, M. M., Jr., 1 ♀ MEI 113866 (USNM); 4.8 km E Orlando [28.567, - 81.338], 27. XII. 1929, Nicholson, D. J., 1 ♂ MEI 113854 (USNM); Gotha [28.528, - 81.523],?. III. 1896, 2 ♀ MEI 075740 – 1 (CUIC); Wheeler, W. M., 1 ♂ MEI 075739 (CUIC); Orlando [28.538, - 81.379], 25. VIII. 1992, Fullerton, S. M., 2 ♂ MEI 127702, 127721, 2 ♀ 127709, 127717 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 3. IX. 1992, 1 ♂ MEI 127714 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 18. IX. 1992, 2 ♂ MEI 127701, 127712 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 24. IX. 1992, 1 ♂ MEI 127707 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 11. I. 1993, 3 ♀ MEI 146047, UCF 0009598, 0009615 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 14. I. 1993, 2 ♂ MEI 146050, UCF 0009584 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 1. II. 1993, 2 ♂ MEI 127716, 127718 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 10. II. 1993, 2 ♂ MEI 127478, 127730 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 19. II. 1993, 1 ♀ MEI 127728 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 3. III. 1993, 1 ♂ MEI 127731 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 2. V. 1993, 1 ♂ UCF 0010032, 1 ♀ MEI 146098 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 8. VI. 1993, 1 ♀ MEI 127715 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 16. VII. 1993, 1 ♀ MEI 127725 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 27. VIII. 1993, 1 ♂ MEI 127705 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 16. VI. 1995, 1 ♀ MEI 127719 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 17. VI. 1995, 1 ♂ MEI 127727 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 23. VI. 1995, 1 ♂ MEI 127706 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 7. VII. 1995, 1 ♂ MEI 127700 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 20. VII. 1995, 1 ♀ MEI 127704 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 28. VII. 1995, 1 ♂ MEI 127726 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 11. VIII. 1995, 1 ♂ MEI 127710, 1 ♀ 127720 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 11. VI. 1997, 1 ♀ MEI 127711 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; Orlando, Jct. 426 / Science Drive [28.565, - 81.375], 18. X. 1993, Longhurst, J., 1 ♂ UCF 055806 (UCFC), sweep-netting; Orlando, University of Central Florida [28.6, - 81.202], 2. III. 1991, Fullerton, S. M., 1 ♀ UCF 055689 (UCFC) 6 – 9. III. 1991, 1 ♂ UCF 055691 (UCFC); 15. III. 1991, 1 ♂ UCF 055680, 1 ♀ UCF 055695 (UCFC); 20. III. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055687 (UCFC); 22. III. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055685 (UCFC); 3. IV. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055683 (UCFC); 12. IV. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055686 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 24. IV. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055719 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 20. V. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055728 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 30. V. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055684 (UCFC), (Mt, s); 5. VI. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055720 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 27. VII. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055721 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 6. IX. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055725 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 14. IX. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055693 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 20. IX. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055722 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 26. IX. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055723 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 28. IX. 1991, 1 ♂ UCF 055713 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 2. X. 1991, 1 ♂ UCF 055711 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 6. X. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055708 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 8. X. 1991, 1 ♂ UCF 055730 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 10. X. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055724 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 12. X. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055715 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 16. X. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055732 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 19. X. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055727 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 21. X. 1991, 1 ♂ UCF 055712 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 25. X. 1991, 1 ♂ UCF 055707, 1 ♀ UCF 055709 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 28. X. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055714 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 31. X. 1991, 1 ♂ UCF 055716 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 31. X. 1991, 2 ♀ UCF 055717, 055726 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 3. XI. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055690 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 9. XI. 1991, 2 ♀ UCF 055718, 055733 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 18. XI. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055710 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 21. XI. 1991, 1 ♀ UCF 055729 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 13. III. 1992, 1 ♂ UCF 055731 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 18. III. 1992, 1 ♀ UCF 055688 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 21. III. 1992, 1 ♀ UCF 055734 (UCFC) (Mt, s); 21. VII. 1992, 1 ♀ UCF 0009758 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 21. XII. 1992, 1 ♀ MEI 146056 (UCFC), Malaise trap; 20. IV. 1993, 1 ♂ MEI 127722 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 5. V. 1993, 1 ♂ MEI 146046, UCF 0009994 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, turkey oak; 8 – 14. II. 1997, King, K. I., Fullerton, S. M., 1 ♀ MEI 127713 (UCFC), pitfall trap, sand pine, rosemary scrub; Orlando, Walt Disney World [28.411, - 81.583], 21 – 28. VIII. 1996, Prusak, Z., Fullerton, S., 2 ♀ MEI 127708, 127723 (UCFC), Malaise trap, sand pine, oak scrub; 6 – 13. III. 1997, 1 ♀ UCF 055667 (MEIC) (Mt, s); 26. VI – 3. VII. 1997, 1 ♀ UCF 055668 (MEIC) (Mt, s); Winter Park [28.588, - 81.351], 26. III. 1940, Fernald, H. T., 1 ♂ MEI 113871 (USNM). Palm Beach County. West Palm Beach, Airport Office [26.705, - 80.037], 8. IV. 1960, 1 ♂ MEI 113872 (USNM);?. III. 1923, Hine, J. S., 1 ♀ MEI 113884 (USNM); Lake Worth [26.623, - 80.062], Slosson, A. T., 1 ♂ MEI 003791, 1 ♀ 003789 (FSCA); 19. XI. 1925, 1 ♀ MEI 113883 (USNM). Pinellas County. Dunedin [28.019, - 82.772],?. III.?, Blatchley, 1 ♀ MEI 113885 (USNM); 14. III. 1913, 1 ♂ MEI 049285 (PURC). Polk County. [28.044, - 81.628], 19. I. 1944, Frederick, J., 1 ♀ MEI 003780 (FSCA); Lakeland [28.039, - 81.95], 5. V. 1912, Davis, W. T., 1 ♀ MEI 070699 (NYSM); Bradley, Knorr, 1 ♂ MEI 146052 (CUIC). Putnam County. 12.9 km SE Interlachen [29.542, - 81.809], 20. III. 1952, Howden, H. F., 1 ♂ MEI 090176 (NCSU), at light; 12.9 km SE Interlachen [29.542, - 81.809], 20. III. 1953, Howden, H. F., 1 ♂ MEI 090175 (NCSU), light trap; [Hollister], Hollister-Roberts Ranch [29.623, - 81.814], 3. IV. 1985, Milstrey, E. G., 2 ♀ MEI 133489, 146057 (MEIC), gopher tortoise burrow; Palatka [29.648, - 81.638], 5. VI. 1940, Calhoun, J., 1 ♂ MEI 133491 (UGCA). St. Johns County. St. Augustine [29.894, - 81.315], date?, Johnson, C. W., 2 ♂ MEI 080148, 080151, 1 ♀ 146053 (MCZ). Volusia County. 8. VII. 1927, Sadier, J. E., 1 ♀ MEI 113867 (USNM); 10. VIII. 1956, Denmark, H. A., 1 ♂ MEI 003786 (FSCA), sweepnetting grasses; Daytona [Daytona Beach] [29.211, - 81.023], 6. IV. 1919, Johnson, C. W., 1 ♂ MEI 080149 (MCZ); New Smyrna Beach [29.026, - 80.927], 7. VI. 1942, Denning, D. G., 1 ♂ MEI 146059, 1 ♀ 146058 (UMSP); 11. V. 1943, Wright, M., 1 ♀ MEI 1701321 (UMMZ), light trap; Ormond Beach [29.283, - 81.07],?. IX. 1983, Pittyland, 1 ♂ UCF 055681 (UCFC). Walton County. De Funiak Springs [30.721, - 86.115], 17 – 19. X. 1914, 1 ♀ MEI 146042 (AMNH). GEORGIA. Glynn County. St. Simons Island [31.15, - 81.37], 12. IV. 1931, Fattig, P. W., 1 ♀ MEI 113858 (USNM). McIntosh County. [31.477, - 81.242], 20. VI – 19. VII. 1987, collector? 2 ♂ MEI 079656 – 7 (CNC).	en	Webb, Donald W. (2009): A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 2091 (1): 1-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2091.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2091.1.1
