identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D67A6DFFFA0B21FCDAF827C29270DD.text	03D67A6DFFFA0B21FCDAF827C29270DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus magalieae Lourenço 2014	<div><p>Grosphus magalieae n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 1-4)</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Male holotype: Madagascar, ex-Province de Toliara, Région Androy, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.940098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.421467" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.940098/lat -25.421467)">Lavanono</a> village (25°25’17.28”S, 44°56’24.35”E), 2.VI.2010 (coll. M. Castelin, Atimo Vatae Expedition), MNHN. RS-8943 .</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name honors Magalie Castelin, MNHN, who collected the new species.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — A scorpion of medium size (total length of 50.3 mm) in relation to other species within the genus. General coloration yellow to pale yellow without dark zones on body and appendages. Anterior margin of carapace strongly granular. Pectines with 36-36 teeth; basal middle lamellae of each pecten not dilated in males. Metasomal segments I and II with 10 carinae; III and IV with 8 carinae. Femur and patella of pedipalps with strongly spinoid carinae. Fixed and movable fingers of pedipalps with 12-13 oblique rows of granules respectively. Trichobothriotaxy, orthobothriotaxy, type A – α (alpha).</p><p>RELATIONSHIPS. — The general morphology and pigmentation pattern of the new species shows it to be close to the Grosphus limbatus (Pocock, 1889) / G. bistriatus Kraepelin, 1900 group. This group of species is largely distributed in the South-Western region of Madagascar.The closest related species however,is Grosphus rossii Lourenço, 2013 (Lourenço 2013) (Fig. 4D, E), recently described from central region of the island (see Discussion). Both species can be readily distinguished by the following characters: i) pectines with 36-36 teeth in G. magalieae n. sp. vs 28- 28 in G. rossii; ii) cutting edges of pedipalp fingers with 12-13 rows of granules in G. magalieae n. sp. vs 12- 12 in G. rossii; and iii) an overall paler coloration in G. magalieae n. sp.</p><p>DESCRIPTION BASED ON MALE HOLOTYPE Morphometric values following the description Coloration. Overall yellow to pale yellow without dark zones on the body and appendages. Prosoma: carapace yellow with an anterior reddish-orange zone, approximately forming an inverted triangle; eyes surrounded by black pigment. Mesosoma yellowish, without any dark zone. Metasoma: segments I to III yellowish; IV and V slightly reddish to reddish-yellow; IV and V without any pigmentation on the carinae.Telson pale red without spots; aculeus reddish. Venter: coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum pectines and sternites pale yellow. Chelicerae yellow without any variegated pigmentation; fingers reddish teeth. Pedipalps yellowish with rows of granules on chela fingers reddish. Legs pale yellow with white zones; carinae with slightly reddish zones.</p><p>Morphology. Carapace weakly granular except on the anterior triangular zone which is strongly granular; anterior margin with a weak median concavity. All carinae weak; furrows moderately developed. Median ocular tubercle anterior to the centre of the carapace; median eyes separated by one ocular diameter. Three pairs of lateral eyes. Sternum sub-triangular in shape. Mesosomal tergites with thin granulations, almost smooth. Median carina moderately to weakly marked in all tergites. Tergite VII pentacarinate. Venter: genital operculum consisting of two suboval plates. Pectines: pectinal teeth count 36-36; basal middle lamellae of each pecten not dilated. Sternites smooth, with elongated stigmata; VII with vestigial carinae. Metasoma: segments I and II with 10 carinae, moderately crenulate. Segments III and IV with 8 carinae, moderately crenulate. Segment V with 5 carinae. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV without posterior spinoid granules. Intercarinal spaces moderately to weakly granular. Telson with a moderate to weak granulation over latero-ventral and ventral surfaces; its dorsal surface smooth; aculeus weakly curved and slightly shorter than the vesicle; subaculear tooth absent. Cheliceral dentition characteristic of the family Buthidae (Vachon 1963); two distinct basal teeth present on the movable finger; ventral aspect of both fingers and of manus with dense, long setae. Pedipalps: femur pentacarinate with strong spinoid carinae; patella with dorsointernal and dorsoexternal carinae and with several spinoid granules on the internal face; chela without carinae and with the internal face moderately granular. Fixed and movable fingers with 12-13 oblique rows of granules respectively. Trichobothriotaxy; orthobothriotaxy A-a (alpha) (Vachon 1974, 1975). Legs: tarsus with numerous short thin setae ventrally. Tibial spurs present on legs III and IV, thin and long; pedal spurs present on legs I to IV, moderate to strong.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Morphometric values (in mm) of the male holotype Total length (including telson), 50.3. Carapace: length, 4.8; anterior width, 3.7; posterior width, 5.2. Mesosoma length, 13.6. Metasomal segments. I: length, 4.1; width, 3.3; II: length, 4.5; width, 3.2; III: length, 4.8; width, 3.1; IV: length, 5.5; width, 3.0; V: length, 6.2; width, 3.0; depth, 2.5. Telson length, 6.1. Vesicle: width, 2.5; depth, 2.2. Pedipalp: femur length, 4.7, width, 1.4; patella length, 5.2, width, 1.9; chela length, 8.5, width, 2.4, depth, 2.5; movable finger length, 5.0.</p><p>ECOLOGY</p><p>As already described for Grosphus feti Lourenço, 1996, which was also collected in the Cap Sainte Marie (Lourenço et al. 2007b), the natural habitat of Grosphus magalieae n. sp. is marked by a high level of endemism. The region of Tanjon’ I Vohimena (Cap Sainte Marie) in the ex-Province de Toliara, Region Androy, is characterized by the stunted coastal forest formation of the Réserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie. The new species is only known from the type locality, which has a very particular habitat and vegetational community (Nicoll &amp; Langrand 1989). The holotype of Grosphus magalieae n. sp. was collected together with a female specimen of Opisthacanthus lucienneae Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2006 (Liochelidae), species also endemic to South-Western Madagascar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFFA0B21FCDAF827C29270DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFFA0B28FCF7FF98C39F77D5.text	03D67A6DFFFA0B28FCF7FF98C39F77D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus Simon 1880	<div><p>Genus Grosphus Simon, 1880</p><p>TYPE SPECIES. — Scorpio (Androctonus) madagascariensis Gervais, 1843 by original designation.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpions of medium to large size ranging from 35 to 120 mm in total length. The general coloration can present almost all the colour patterns observed among scorpions in general, ranging from pale yellowish to yellow, reddish-yellow to reddish brown, dark brown and blackish, and with dark spots which may be distributed in many different configurations. Body and appendages can vary from weakly to strongly granulated. Dentate margins of pedipalp-chela fingers composed of 11 to 14 oblique rows of granules, but without supernumerary granules. Pectines with 18 to 40 teeth; basal middle lamellae not dilated in males but strongly dilated in females. Subaculear tubercle is absent in adults, but can be present in juveniles.</p><p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. — Only known from Madagascar and Mayotte.</p><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS GROSPHUS SIMON, 1880 DISTRIBUTED IN THE SOUTH- WEST OF MADAGASCAR</p><p>1. Pectines with a maximum of 20 teeth; coloration yellowish to reddish-yellow, with pale brownish variegated pigmentation present ..................................................................... ................................................................. G. polskyi Lourenço, Qi &amp; Goodman, 2007</p><p>— Pectines with more than 23 teeth ............................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Coloration pale yellow to yellow or reddish-yellow; brownish to blackish pigmentation present or not ............................................................................................................. 3</p><p>— Coloration blackish throughout; pectines with 30 to 40 teeth; female basal middle lamellae covering up to 8 internal teeth ..................................... G. grandidieri Kraepelin, 1900</p><p>3. Coloration from pale yellow to reddish, without any brownish to blackish pigmentation ................................................................................................................................... 4</p><p>— Coloration yellowish with brownish to blackish pigmentation present ....................... 7</p><p>4. Coloration yellow to reddish; legs without white zones; carapace without an inverted reddish-orange triangle ............................................................................................... 5</p><p>— Coloration pale yellow; legs with white zones; carapace with an inverted reddish-orange triangle ....................................................................................................................... 6</p><p>5. Coloration yellow; pectines with 28 to 34 teeth; female basal middle lamellae covering the first internal tooth ................................................... G. intertidalis Lourenço, 1999</p><p>— Coloration reddish-yellow to reddish; pectines with 31 to 40 teeth; female basal middle lamellae covering the first four internal teeth ................................................................. ........................................ G. mahafaliensis Lourenço, Goodman &amp; Ramilijaona, 2004</p><p>6. Male pectines with 28 teeth .................................................... G. rossii Lourenço, 2013</p><p>— Male pectines with 36 teeth ............................................................. G. magalieae n. sp.</p><p>7. Carapace with an inverted blackish triangle; tergites with brownish to blackish longitudinal stripes ......................................................................................................................... 8</p><p>— Carapace without any blackish triangle; tergites without brownish or blackish stripes ... ................................................................................................................................... 9</p><p>8. Metasomal segment V and telson yellowish ....................... G. limbatus (Pocock, 1889)</p><p>— Metasomal segment V and telson blackish ................................ G. feti Lourenço, 1996</p><p>9. Vesicle strongly globular; aculeus shorter than vesicle ............. G. annulatus Fage, 1929</p><p>— Vesicle pear-like shaped; aculeus longer than the vesicle ......... G. olgae Lourenço, 2004</p><p>REMARK ABOUT THE KEY</p><p>G. limbatus (Pocok, 1889) and G. rossii Lourenço, 2013 are included for comparative purposes,although these species lives in the central region of the island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFFA0B28FCF7FF98C39F77D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFF80B21FD07FE5AC2117493.text	03D67A6DFFF80B21FD07FE5AC2117493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus hirtus Kraepelin 1900	<div><p>Grosphus hirtus Kraepelin, 1900</p><p>Grosphus hirtus Kraepelin, 1900: 15 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Female holotype: Madagascar, Central region, Makaraingo, 1898 (Dr Escoffe), MNHN. RS-1545 .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpion of medium size with a total length of 40 to 50 mm. General coloration yellowish to reddish-yellow with variegated brownish spots over the body and appendages. Carapace weakly to moderately granular; anterior margin almost straight.Pectines:pectinal teeth count in average 19- 19 in males and 15- 15 in females; basal middle lamellae of each pecten not dilated in males, strongly dilated in females with a more or less square shape. Metasomal segment I wider than long. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV with one strong posterior spinoid granule. Fixed and movable fingers with 11-12 oblique rows of granules.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — It was first suggested that this species was broadly distributed in the island (Lourenço 1996). However, more precise inspection of specimens previously allocated to G. hirtus indicates that several previous records attributed to this taxon were misidentifications of morphologically similar species, which were subsequently described as new species (Lourenço 2005). After a reexamination of available material, there is no evidence for the occurrence of G. hirtus in South-Western Madagascar (Lourenço et al. 2007a, b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFF80B21FD07FE5AC2117493	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFFE0B27FF29F965C2A0717F.text	03D67A6DFFFE0B27FF29F965C2A0717F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus annulatus Fage 1929	<div><p>Grosphus annulatus Fage, 1929</p><p>Grosphus limbatus var. annulata Fage, 1929: 655 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Syntypes, 5 males and 8 females: Madagascar, South region, S-SE of Toliara, Sarodrano, 11.VIII.1901 (G. Grandidier), MNHN. RS-1314 .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpion of small size with a total length of 35 to 45 mm. General coloration yellowish; metasomal segments IV and V almost blackish. Carapace and tergites weakly granular. Pectines: pectinal teeth count in average 32-34 in males and 24-29 in females; basal middle lamellae of each pecten not dilated in males; dilated and elongated in females; just after the base, to the apex, covering 4 to 5 most proximal teeth. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV without any posterior spinoid granule. Fixed and movable fingers with 11-11 oblique rows of granules.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Grosphus annulatus was originally described by Fage (1929) only as a variety, G. limbatus var. annulata Fage, 1929 . More detailed studies indicated that it was necessary to elevate this form to the rank of species (Lourenço 1996). It can be easily distinguished from G. limbatus (Pocock, 1889) by a characteristic pigmentation pattern – the carapace and tergites are extensively yellowish, but the metasomal segments IV and V are markedly blackish. Based on pigmentation patterns, G. annulatus is probably closely related to G. olgae Lourenço, 2004 described from South-Western Madagascar (see below). These species can, however, be distinguished from one another based on the shape of basal middle lamellae of the female pectines, and distinct shape differences in the telson. In G. annulatus, the vesicle is strongly globular and longer than the aculeus, while in G. olgae, the vesicle is weakly globular and shorter than the aculeus (Figs 3A, B; 4A, B). Given all of the fieldwork conducted in South-Western Madagascar, it is rather remarkable that G. annulatus is only known from the original type locality of “Province Toliara [Toliara], Sarodrano” (Fage 1929). The coastal sand dune habitat surrounding the Sarodrano area has not been the subject of a recent inventory using pit-fall traps and perhaps this taxon has very specific ecological requirements. Fresh material will be needed for molecular studies to resolve the relationships of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFFE0B27FF29F965C2A0717F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFFE0B24FCF6FEBBC2A17493.text	03D67A6DFFFE0B24FCF6FEBBC2A17493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus feti Lourenco 1996	<div><p>Grosphus feti Lourenço, 1996</p><p>Grosphus feti Lourenço, 1996: 14 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Male holotype and male paratype: Madagascar, South region, Toliara, Tanjon I Vohimena ( Cap Sainte Marie), X.1995 (S. M. Goodman), FMNH .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpion of small size with a total length of 30 to 40 mm. General coloration yellowish; carapace, tergites, pedipalps and legs with blackish spots. Carapace and tergites weakly granular. Pectines: pectinal teeth count 30- 30 in both male holotype and paratype; basal middle lamellae of each pecten not dilated in males. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV without any posterior spinoid granule. Fixed and movable fingers with 11-12 oblique rows of granules.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Grosphus feti comes from the stunted coastal forest formation of the Réserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie. The original diagnosis of this species was based on its unique pigmentation pattern, including a general yellowish coloration with an inverted blackish triangle on the front of the carapace (as for G. limbatus), and the presence of five longitudinal stripes over the tergites. These stripes are arranged as one thin line over the central carinae, two large latero-internal lines, and two rather thin latero-external lines. Metasomal segment V and telson are granulated and blackish (Fig. 4C). These coloration patterns are more similar to G. limbatus than to G. annulatus or G. olgae . However, G. feti is only known by two male specimens and as long as the female remains unknown, further precise comparisons between these species remains impossible. Gropshus feti is only known from the type locality, which has a very particular habitat and vegetational community (Nicoll &amp; Langrand 1989).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFFE0B24FCF6FEBBC2A17493	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFFE0B27FF48FDFCC35171CE.text	03D67A6DFFFE0B27FF48FDFCC35171CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus grandidieri Kraepelin 1900	<div><p>Grosphus grandidieri Kraepelin, 1900</p><p>Grosphus grandidieri Kraepelin, 1900: 13 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Female lectotype and male juvenile paralectotype: Madagascar, Ankotofotsy, Vallée du St Augustin 23.V.1898 (G. Grandidier), MNHN. RS-1324, MNHN. RS-8720 .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpions of large size, when compared with most species of the genus, and adults ranging from 85 to 90 mm in total length. The species is only smaller than G. ankarana Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2003 . General coloration almost entirely blackish over the body and appendages, with paler areas on the ventral surface. Disposition of granulations on the dentate margins of the pedipalp chela fixed and movable fingers, arranged in 13-14 rows of granules. Pectinal teeth count 29 to 40; 34 to 40 in males and 29 to 34 in females; basal middle lamellae of each pecten not dilated in males; very elongated and curved in females; just after the base, to the apex, covering 8 to 9 most proximal teeth.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Grosphus grandidieri was originally collected by G. Grandidier at an unspecified locality. This species is distributed across portions of South-Western Madagascar (Lourenço 1996; Lourenço et al. 2009). On the basis of recent collections made with pit-fall traps, G. grandidieri does not appear to be particularly common in South-Western Madagascar, compared to some other members of this genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFFE0B27FF48FDFCC35171CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFFC0B25FF4AFDFCC36671CE.text	03D67A6DFFFC0B25FF4AFDFCC36671CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus intertidalis Lourenco 1999	<div><p>Grosphus intertidalis Lourenço, 1999</p><p>Grosphus intertidalis Lourenço, 1999: 135 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Female holotype: Madagascar, South region, Toliara, 3.5 km N of Toliara (Coastal zone, on the beach sands), IV.1998 (N. Lutzmann), ZMH .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpion of medium size with a total length of 55 to 60 mm. General coloration pale yellow, without any spots. Carapace and tergites moderately to weakly granular. Pectines: pectinal teeth count 28-30 in females and 32-34 in males; basal middle lamellae of each pecten elongated and curved, widening only partially after the first internal tooth – this character is diagnostic of the species. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV without any posterior spinoid granule. The telson vesicle is not globular in shape, but rather pear-like, particularly in males (Fig. 3C, D). Fixed and movable fingers with 10-10 oblique rows of granules.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Grosphus intertidalis was described based on a single specimen collected in the coastal zone 3.5 km to the north of Tulear (Toliara). More recently, Lourenço (2004) described a male specimen collected in the Province of Toliara, Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, 21.5 km NE d’Efoetse (24°0.5’S, 43°53.9’E). The specimen was found at 100 m of altitude under a stone, in a slightly disturbed zone of spiny bush. This species remains poorly known and was not represented in most recent samples coming from field inventories.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFFC0B25FF4AFDFCC36671CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFFC0B25FF29F965C59076B8.text	03D67A6DFFFC0B25FF29F965C59076B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus olgae Lourenco 2004	<div><p>Grosphus olgae Lourenço, 2004</p><p>Grosphus olgae Lourenço, 2004: 27.</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Male holotype, 14 males and 3 female paratypes: Madagascar, South region, Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75/lat -24.05)">Forêt de Mikea</a>, 7.5 km NE Tsifotsa, 22°48.0’S, 43°26.’E, 21-25.II.2003 (S. M. Goodman &amp; V. Soarimalala) ; 1 ♂ holotype, 4 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ paratypes; 9.5 km W. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.523335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.778334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.523335/lat -22.778334)">Ankililoaka</a>, 22°46.7’S, 43°31.4’E, 14-19.II.2003 (S. M. Goodman &amp; V. Soarimalala) , 9 ♂♂ paratypes; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75/lat -24.05)">Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa</a>, 6.5 km NE Efoetse, 24°3.0’S, 43°45.0’E, 28.II-5.III.2002 (S. M. Goodman) , 1 ♂. Holotype and 13 paratypes, FMNH; 3 paratypes, MNHN-RS-8675; 1 paratype, MHNG.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpion of small to medium size with a total length of 35 to 40 mm. General coloration pale yellow, with dark spots on metasomal segment V and telson.Telson elongated with aculeus longer than vesicle. Carapace and tergites moderately to weakly granular. Pectines: pectinal teeth count 26-27 in females and 29-33 in males; basal middle lamellae of each pecten elongated and curved, widening only partially after the first internal tooth, covering 3 to 4 most proximal teeth. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV without any posterior spinoid granule. The telson vesicle is not globular but rather elongated, with a pear-like shape, particularly in males (Fig. 3C, D). Fixed and movable fingers with 13-14 oblique rows of granules.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — In contrast to the descriptions of the vast majority of Grosphus sp., based on single specimens, G. olgae was named from a series of almost 20 specimens, allowing a good assessment of character variability. On the basis of the basal middle lamellae shape of the female pectines, G. olgae shows notable similarity to G. limbatus . However, it differs from G. limbatus by the general colour pattern (absence of spots on carapace and tergites). This species appears to be very common both in the Forêt de Mikea, its type locality, but also on and at the base of the Plateau Mahafaly, where new collections document its sympatric occurrence with Grosphus mahafaliensis Lourenço, Goodman &amp; Ramilijaona, 2004 (see next section). Based on the study of an extensive material, Grosphus olgae occurs in a variety of habitats that include both limestone and sandy soil substrates, although it was notably more common on the former substrate. Animals registered under a single field collection number were all collected during the same dawn pitfall trap check and were presumed to have been active the previous night. These new data indicate that G. olgae occurs in sympatry with G. mahafaliensis, at most sites this latter species outnumbers the former. Further, there are several cases of Neogrosphus griveaudi (Vachon, 1969) being captured in the same pitfalls as G. olgae . Thus, these three species show broad geographical overlap in portions of South-Western Madagascar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFFC0B25FF29F965C59076B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFFC0B2BFCC8F9E6C07676EC.text	03D67A6DFFFC0B2BFCC8F9E6C07676EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus mahafaliensis Lourenco, Goodman & Ramilijaona 2004	<div><p>Grosphus mahafaliensis Lourenço, Goodman &amp; Ramilijaona, 2004</p><p>Grosphus mahafaliensis Lourenço, Goodman &amp; Ramilijaona, 2004: 226 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Male holotype: Madagascar, South region, Toliara, Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, N of Efoetse, in coastal Euphorbia scrub (N. Lutzmann &amp; J. Kohler), X.2001 (under rock), MNHN. RS-8671 .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpion of medium size with a total length of 55 to 60 mm. General coloration reddish-yellow with some dark zones on the body. Carapace and tergites moderately granular. Pectines: pectinal teeth count 27-31 in females and 34-38 in males; basal middle lamellae of each pecten elongated and curved, widening after the first internal tooth, covering 3 to 4 most proximal teeth. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV without any posterior spinoid granule. The telson vesicle is globular in shape (Fig. 3E, F). Fixed and movable fingers with 11-13 oblique rows of granules.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Grosphus mahafaliensis was described based on a single male specimen collected in the Province de Toliara. Recent collections however, indicate that this species is very common in the region of the Plateau Mahafaly. Almost 150 new specimens have been obtained by the use of pit fall traps, including females which were previously unknown. The general shape of the basal middle lamellae of the female pectines is similar to G. limbatus, however the basal middle lamellae of G. mahafaliensis is broader, and covers the four most proximal teeth. Further, these two species show notable differences in colour patterns – G. mahafaliensis being reddish-yellow without any spots over the body or appendages. Moreover, pectinal tooth counts in G. mahafaliensis are notably greater. For more details on G. mahafaliensis see the original description by Lourenço et al. (2004).</p><p>Based on the study of an extensive amount of material, it can be inferred that Grosphus mahafaliensis has a broad distribution across the inventory sites on the limestone substrate of the Mahafaly Plateau. These new data indicate that this species occurs in sympatry with G. olgae, and based on pitfall trap captures, it is the more abundant of the two scorpions. There is one case of G. mahafaliensis occurring in sympatry with Neogrosphus griveaudi (Vachon, 1969) . Thus, these three species show broad geographical overlap in portions of South-Western Madagascar. Based on pitfall captures male G. mahafaliensis greatly outnumber females.</p><p>Other species of scorpions known to occur specifically in the Tsimanampetsotsa area or elsewhere on the Mahafaly Plateau include: Grosphus annulatus from the region of Sarodrano close to sea-level; G. olgae from near Mitoho Cave within the Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa; Pseudouroplectes betschi Lourenço, 1995 from the Mahafaly Plateau to the north of Itampolo (Lourenço 1995, 2004); and Palaeocheloctonus pauliani Lourenço, 1996 from Efoetse (Lourenço 1996).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFFC0B2BFCC8F9E6C07676EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFF20B2BFD02FE5AC2FB7493.text	03D67A6DFFF20B2BFD02FE5AC2FB7493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus bicolor Lourenco 2012	<div><p>Grosphus bicolor Lourenço, 2012</p><p>Grosphus bicolor Lourenço, 2012: 35 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Male holotype: Madagascar, South-Western region, inland zone, between Ranohira and Llakaka, (W. R. Lourenço), IX.2004, ZMH .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpions of small to moderate size with a total length of 30 mm in total length. Several characters suggest, however, that the type specimen is a juvenile. General coloration is brown to dark brown, almost blackish with two longitudinal yellow stripes over tergites; venter yellow to pale yellow; legs pale yellow. Pectinal teeth count 36- 36 in male; basal middle lamellae of each pecten not dilated in male. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV without any posterior spinoid granule. The telson vesicle is globular in shape. Fixed and movable fingers with 13-14 oblique rows</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Grosphus bicolor was only recently described from the South-Western region of the island, but from a more inland zone, between Ranohira and Llakaka, from a dry forest formation (Lourenço 2012). Certain morphological characters suggest that G. bicolor has some similarities with G. grandidieri, however, distinct from this last species by the general pigmentation pattern. This species remains known only from its type locality. For more details, see the original description in Lourenço (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFF20B2BFD02FE5AC2FB7493	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
03D67A6DFFF20B2BFED9F807C2D97100.text	03D67A6DFFF20B2BFED9F807C2D97100.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grosphus polskyi Lourenco, Qi & Goodxman 2007	<div><p>Grosphus polskyi Lourenço, Qi &amp; Goodxman, 2007</p><p>Grosphus polskyi Lourenço, Qi &amp; Goodman, 2007: 174 .</p><p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Male holotype: Madagascar, South region, Toliara, Ifaty, 23°10’80”S, 43°37’00”E (dry spiny bush forest, dominated by baobabs – Adansonia za Baill., 1898, resting on red sand soil, 30 m (W. R. Lourenço), IX.2004, MNHN. RS-8950 .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. — Scorpion of small size with a total length of 33 mm. General coloration reddish-yellow with some diffused brownish variegated pigmentation on the carapace and tergites. Carapace weakly to moderately granular; anterior margin almost straight. Pectines: pectinal teeth count 19- 18 in male; basal middle lamellae of each pecten not dilated in male. Metasomal segment I with a length equal to its width. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV with one small posterior spinoid granule. Subaculear tooth moderately marked. Fixed and movable fingers with 12-13 oblique rows of granules.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Certain morphological characters indicate that G. polskyi is similar in certain aspects to G. hirtus, however, distinct from this last species by a much paler overall coloration with some diffused brownish pigmentation, a metasomal segment I with a length equal to its width, and a subaculear tooth moderately marked. This species remains known only from its type locality. The holotype was collected under death leaves at the base of one baobab tree ( Adansonia za Baill.). The abundance of litter over the sand soil was rather poor and death leaves were most cumulated nearby the trunk of the tree together with some fallen fruit (Lourenço et al. 2007a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D67A6DFFF20B2BFED9F807C2D97100	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lourenço, Wilson R.	Lourenço, Wilson R. (2014): The genus Grosphus Simon, 1880 in South-Western Madagascar, with the description of a new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoosystema 36 (3): 631-645, DOI: 10.5252/z2014n3a5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2014n3a5
