taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D7C1758D3FFFDFFF10FA21207BFF07.taxon	materials_examined	Studied material. ARGENTINA: Chubut province, Estancia “ San Román ” (30 km East from Esquel on road number 40), 42 ° 59 ' S 71 ° 06 ' W, 730 m; on Adesmia sp.; December 6, 2009: 6 apterous viviparous females. ARGENTINA: Neuquén province, La Bomba (km 2302 on road number 40), 39 ° 36 ' S 70 ° 22 ' W, 770 m; on Adesmia sp.; December 13, 2009: 1 apterous viviparous female. Collection of the University of León (León, Spain). Apterous viviparous females of both samples do not show differences in qualitative features, including colour when alive and pigmentation when mounted on slides, in comparison to the type specimens of the species (Río Mayo [approximately 45 ° 41 ’ S 70 ° 16 ’ W, 510 m] (Argentina, Chubut), on Adesmia sp., December 13, 2004). However there are some differences in the maximum and minimum limits of many of the measured characters (Table 2). These differences can be explained because the measurements and quantities in the original description were based exclusively on the type specimens, which were most likely closely related to each other, because they had been collected on the same day and location and on plants that grew very close to each other. In contrast, the measurements determined here were taken from specimens collected in two localities distant from the type locality (Estancia “ San Román ” at 280 km and La Bomba at 640 km from the type locality of Río Mayo). It is possible that the intra-specific diversity is even greater because all the studied specimens are from the same month and it is possible that the apterous viviparous females might show inter-generational variability.	en	Nafría, Juan Manuel Nieto, Von Dohlen, Carol D., Moreno-González, Víctor, Ortego, Jaime, Durante, M. Pilar Mier (2019): The species of Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on Adesmia (Fabaceae) in Argentina, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 4555 (4): 561-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.4.7
03D7C1758D3CFFD4FF10FEA22186F8E3.taxon	description	Apterous viviparous females. Figure 1. Based on 33 specimens. Colour when alive bright emerald green with brownish-green siphunculi. Body 2.90 - 3.53 mm long and pear-shaped with long legs and antennae. Mounted specimens more-or-less light brown with darkened head, rostrum, anal plate, cauda and usually antennae and legs, and brown to dark-brown siphunculi. Setae on dorsum of body, antennae and legs (except those on tarsi and end of tibiae) thick and with apex indistinct or truncate; other setae more-or-less pointed. Marginal tubercles absent. Several specimens have one or two very minute cephalic spinal tubercles. Frons sinuous, medial-frontal tubercle lower than the frontal-lateral (or antennal) tubercles. Cephalic setae with the more usual pattern in the South American species of the genus: behind the four aligned frontal setae there are from front to back one pair (anterior discal), one pair (posterior discal) and a transverse postero-cephalic line with four setae. Antennal segments I and II similar in colour to head or in part darker than it, especially around the ventro-medial muscular impressions of segment I and near the end of segment II; antennal segment III smooth as in the proximal ones, with a short proximal part pale brown as in the proximal segments and progressively darkened to a dark brown or near-black apical ring; remainder of antenna progressively darkened and imbricated. Sensoria round and with thick walls; primary sensoria ciliate; secondary sensoria small, non-protruding and aligned, with the most proximal one at the end of the paler part of the segment. Rostrum surpassing middle coxae and darkening to apex. Ultimate rostral segment relatively narrow. Coxae and trochanters more-or-less pigmented than head and most of femora, which present a more-or-less extensive dorso-apical area darker than the remaining segments. Tibiae somewhat darker than the femora and with 1 / 7 - 1 / 8 of their length apical dark brown or almost black. Tarsi short and as dark as the distal end of tibiae and second segment with ventral setae. Setiferous sclerites on thorax and on pre-siphuncular abdominal segments small or very small, mostly unpigmented, near inconspicuous. Pre- and post-siphuncular sclerites absent. Intersegmental muscular sclerites absent. Spiracular sclerites small and light brown. Siphunculi progressively pigmented, brown to dark brown, cylindrical with enlarged proximal part, in most of the length a little wider than hind tibiae; transverse striae in the paler anterior half, scales progressively more marked on the distal portion prior to reticulation, which is ill defined; flange little marked. Setiferous sclerites on abdominal segments 6 to 8 and more-or-less light pigmented; those on VIII segment can be partially fused, without forming a continuous transverse sclerite. Subgenital plate pale, not darker than the ventral part of anterior abdominal segment and paler than anal plate and cauda, which are scarcely pigmented. Cauda lanceolate, with a marked proximal narrowing and more-or-less blunt at the apex; its setae are all similar in length and longer than the caudal width at the middle. Metric and meristic features in Table 2. Alate viviparous females and sexuales. Unknown.	en	Nafría, Juan Manuel Nieto, Von Dohlen, Carol D., Moreno-González, Víctor, Ortego, Jaime, Durante, M. Pilar Mier (2019): The species of Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on Adesmia (Fabaceae) in Argentina, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 4555 (4): 561-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.4.7
03D7C1758D3CFFD4FF10FEA22186F8E3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name nahuelhuapense is a supposed demonym of Nahuel Huapi lake, in neutral gender because Uroleucon is neutral. Bionomics. Aphids feed on the small stems of Adesmia boronioides Hook. f. (Fabaceae), which is its only known host plant. Sexuales are unknown, but the species is likely to be holocyclic, because of cold temperatures during winter.	en	Nafría, Juan Manuel Nieto, Von Dohlen, Carol D., Moreno-González, Víctor, Ortego, Jaime, Durante, M. Pilar Mier (2019): The species of Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on Adesmia (Fabaceae) in Argentina, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 4555 (4): 561-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.4.7
03D7C1758D3CFFD4FF10FEA22186F8E3.taxon	description	Geographical distribution. The new species is currently known in one locality of the Andean slopes of the Argentinean province of Neuquén, very close to the shore of the Nahuel Huapi lake. It is possible that the species occurs on the same plant species or on other species of Adesmia in other localities of similar altitude in Argentina or even in Chile. Molecular analyses. Amplification and sequencing of the tRNAleu-COII locus were performed successfully and resulted in divergent sequences for all South American taxa. Sequences obtained were deposited in GenBank (Table 1). Taxonomic discussion. M. P. Mier and J. Ortego had some difficulty in 2008 convincing reviewers of the manuscript describing U. adesmiae that the new species should be classified as Uroleucon, because its host plant was in Fabaceae, not Asteraceae or Campanulaceae, the usual host-plant families of Uroleucon (Mier Durante & Ortego, 2008). Furthermore, several morphological features of U. adesmiae were not typical of Uroleucon (almost total absence of setiferous sclerites as well as pre- and post-siphuncular sclerites). Justification of U. nahuelhuapense sp. n. as a Uroleucon is simpler because there is a great resemblance to U. adesmiae and U. payuniense Ortego & Nieto Nafría 2007 (see Mier Durante & Ortego, 2008), and because it shares the genus of host plant with U. adesmiae. This classification is further justified by genetic evidence. The tRNAleu-COII mitochondrial sequences confirm the correct placement of U. nahuelhuapense sp. n. (as well as U. adesmiae) within Uroleucon (Figure 2). Both species living on Adesmia form a cluster with other South American native Uroleucon and one Euro-Asiatic species, U. rapunculoidis (Börner, 1939). While U. nahuelhuapense sp. n. and U. adesmiae are clustered most closely to each other, the magnitudes of their pairwise patristic distance (sum of branch lengths on the dendrogram) and Tamura-Nei distance are as great or greater than the distances between other established, valid species in the comparison (Table 3). Thus, these two taxa exhibit species-level genetic distances from each other and from other described Uroleucon, both South American and Northern Hemisphere species. It is generally accepted that the subgeneric classification of Uroleucon requires a thorough revision (see Blackman & Eastop, 2018). Our phylogenetic studies of Uroleucon in progress suggest that the South American species are not a monophyletic group, and that the subgenera as currently understood are not monophyletic (see also Moran et al., 1999). Until the necessary revision can be undertaken, however, it seems appropriate to place Uroleucon nahuelhuapense sp. n. in the subgenus Lambersius Olive, 1965, according to the concept of that subgenus in Nieto Nafría et al. (2007). Uroleucon nahuelhuapense sp. n. and U. adesmiae, the two species of Uroleucon living on Adesmia species, can be morphologically distinguished from one another by antennal pigmentation (darker in U. nahuelhuapense sp. n. than in U. adesmiae) and by different numbers of setae on the cephalic dorsum, on the ultimate rostral segment, on both dorsum and venter of abdominal presiphuncular segments, on genital plate and on cauda (see Table 2). Thirty species of Uroleucon have been recorded from South America: U. adesmiae Mier Durante & Ortego, 2008, U. aeneum (Hille Ris Lambers, 1939), U. ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878), U. bereticum (Blanchard, 1922), U. brevisiphon de Carvalho, 1998, U. chilense (Essig, 1953), U. compositae (Theobald, 1915), U. erigeronense (Thomas, 1878), U. essigi de Carvalho, 1998, U. eumadiae Delfino & Gonzales, 2005, U. garnicai Delfino, 1991, U. gochnatiae Delfino, 1994, U. gravicorne (Patch, 1919), U. jaceae (Linnaeus, 1758), U. littorale (Blanchard, 1939), U. macolai (Blanchard, 1932), U. malarguense Ortego & Nieto Nafría, 2007, U. mendocinum Mier Durante & Ortego, 2007, U. muermosum (Essig, 1953), U. nahuelhuapense sp. n., U. nuble (Essig, 1953), U. patagonicum Nieto Nafría & Seco Fernández, 2007, U. payuniense Ortego & Nieto Nafría, 2007, U. petrohuense de Carvalho, 1998, U. pseudomuermosum de Carvalho, 1998, U. riojanum Nieto Nafría & Mier Durante, 2007, U. rudbeckiae (Fitch, 1851), U. sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767), U. tessariae Delfino, 1994 and U. tucumani (Essig, 1953). Four of them: U. aeneum, U. compositae, U. jaceae and U. sonchi are species wide-distributed and not native to the Americas, they can be easily separated to the others 26 species, which are South American or North American native species, because they have coxae wholly dark brown to black, as pigmented or nearly as pigmented as distal apices of femora, tibiae and most part of siphunculi, which are dark-brown to black sometimes with paler middle portion. In other 26 species coxae are yellowish brown to brown, less pigmented than distal part of siphunculi and usually less pigmented than the distal area of femora, and siphunculi are variably pigmented but if the middle part is not as dark as proximal and distal part then cauda is triangular shaped, not lanceolate. Most part of these 26 species are restricted to South America, only U. ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878), U. erigeronense (Thomas, 1878), U. gravicorne (Patch, 1919) and U. rudbeckiae (Fitch, 1851) are also known in North America. parentheses are exceptional data, or very exceptional if parentheses are duplicates. Bold characters in the Uroleucon adesmiae column indicate that the previously known corresponding limit has been modified with the new data. Arrows, single or double, indicate the most important characteristics to differentiate both South American species of Uroleucon living on Adesmia. ...... continued on the next page The following key permits the separation of the Uroleucon species with relatively pale coxae, as it has been detailed before, recorded from South America. It is based on that by Nieto Nafría et al. (2007), which in turn was based on the key by de Carvalho et al. (1998); several disjunctive couplets have been simplified. Uroleucon littorale was described from a locality in the Argentine province of Entre Ríos, it has not yet been collected and its original description is not too eloquent; it is very similar to U. tucumani, of which it can be synonymous in opinion by Blackman & Eastop (2018); it is not included in the key. The measurements are lengths unless otherwise indicated. In brackets are morphological data which do not have correspondence in the other proposition of the disjunctive, but which are useful to secure identification. Information on the distribution of each species has been actualized from our bibliographic registers. It includes countries for South America, regions for Chile and provinces for Argentina. Records from the Federal Capital of Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, are joined to records from the Buenos Aires province. The names of Chilean regions Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins and Metropolitana de Santiago are simplified respectively to Aysén, O’Higgins and Santiago.	en	Nafría, Juan Manuel Nieto, Von Dohlen, Carol D., Moreno-González, Víctor, Ortego, Jaime, Durante, M. Pilar Mier (2019): The species of Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on Adesmia (Fabaceae) in Argentina, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 4555 (4): 561-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.4.7
