taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D7E344FFE2382EFF3DFEBEFB7BB7F6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: female, 7.0 mm, sample 1 M 4, station 1, Famagusta, Cyprus, 35 ° 07 ’ 57 ” N, 33 ° 56 ’ 14 ” E, unknown depth, no ecological data, G. Bitar coll., 23 Nov. 1998 (MZB 2016 - 3567, 15 slides). Paratypes: manca, 2.4 mm (sample 2 M 5, stn. 2: Ramkine Island, Lebanon) dissected, 3 slides (MZB 2016 - 3570); female (sample 2 M 13, stn. 8: Beirut inside harbor) dissected, 3 slides (MZB 2017 - 0600); female, damaged (sample 2 M 16, stn. 13: Khaldeh Marina Villamar, Lebanon) dissected, 5 slides (MZB 2017 - 0601); female (sample 3 M 13, stn. 4: El Heri Marina Beaulieu, Lebanon) dissected, 3 slides (MZB 2017 - 0602); male, damaged (sample 5 M 8, stn. 10: Beirut Harbor outer side of breakwater, Lebanon) dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2017 - 0603), and female (sample 5 M 8, stn. 10: Beirut Harbor outer side of breakwater, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0604); 3 females (sample 5 M 12, stn. 9: Beirut inside harbor quay 60, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0605 to MZB 2017 - 0607): ovigerous female dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2017 - 0605), and 1 manca (sample 5 M 12, stn. 9: Beirut inside harbor quay 60, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0608); 2 females (sample 5 M 17, stn. 11: Raoucheh, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0609 to MZB 2017 - 0610): non-ovigerous female dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2017 - 0610); 2 males (sample 5 M 19, stn. 3: Tripoli inside harbor, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0611 to MZB 2017 - 0612), 11 females (sample 5 M 19, stn. 3: Tripoli inside harbor, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0613 to MZB 2017 - 0623): ovigerous female dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2017 - 0613), 1 postmanca (sample 5 M 19, stn. 3: Tripoli inside harbor, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0624), and 5 mancas (sample 5 M 19, stn. 3: Tripoli inside harbor, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0625 to MZB 2017 - 0629); 4 males (sample 5 M 23, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0630 to MZB 2017 - 0633), and 9 females (3 damaged) (sample 5 M 23, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0634 to MZB 2017 - 0642): damaged female dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2017 - 0634), another damaged female dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2017 - 0635); 1 manca (sample 5 M 28, stn. 5: Chak El Hatab, Lebanon) dissected, 23 slides (MZB 2017 - 0643); 1 manca (sample 5 M 31, stn. 6: Selaata, Lebanon) dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2017 - 0644); ovigerous female, 10.8 mm (sample 5 M 36, stn. 3: Tripoli inside harbor, Lebanon) dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2016 - 3568); male, 6.5 mm (sample 5 M 36) dissected, 5 slides (MZB 2016 - 3569); 1 manca (sample 5 M 45, stn. 5: Chak El Hatab, Lebanon) dissected, 2 slides (MZB 2017 - 0645); 2 females (sample 5 M 51, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier, Lebanon) (MZB 2017 - 0646 to MZB 2017 - 0647): female dissected, 3 slides (MZB 2017 - 0646). Depth: between 1 and 35 m. G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius coll., between 22 Oct. 1999 and 16 July 2003.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE2382EFF3DFEBEFB7BB7F6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Color yellowish, without chromatophores. Mandibular palp article 3 with 7 setae. Maxillipedal endite absent; palp 3 - segmented, segment 1 with outer margin slightly excavated, apical segment with plumose seta and 3 simple setae mediodistally and robust plumose seta basally. Pereopod 1 palm with shallow crenulated basal step, with 7 setae; propodus expanded with 2 long simple setae near lower angle of articulation with dactylus; dactylus with toothed boss at base of unguis. Uropodal exopod oval, with low concavity on distal outer margin. Telson with apex slightly excavated, with pair of short plumose setae, and 3 pairs of long setae, outer one less than half length of others.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE2382EFF3DFEBEFB7BB7F6.taxon	description	Description of holotype [MZB 2016 - 3567]. Cephalon slightly longer than wide, with small eyes (18 – 19 ommatidia) of one fourth of length of cephalon, disposed obliquely. Relative lengths of C: Pn 1: Pn 2: Pn 3: Pn 4: Pn 5: Pn 6: Pn 7: Pln 1 – 6: Pt are 1.0: 1.3: 1.7: 3.0: 3.1: 2.8: 2.2: 2.1: 2.3: 3.0. Proportions Cephalon-Pleotelson: C <Pn 1 <Pn 2 <Pn 3 = Pn 4> Pn 5> Pn 6 = Pn 7 <Pl <Pt. Greatest width 0.6 mm at level of articulation of pereonites 4 – 5. Pereonites 2 – 3 each with anterodorsal hollowed area. Pleonites 1 – 5 fused; pleonite 6 bilobed. Telson with pair of statocysts at base. Antenna 1 with 3 peduncular articles; article 1 largest, almost as long as articles 2 and 3 together; articles 1 and 2 with plumose sensory setae and article 3 with 4 long setae distally; first flagellar article extremely short, bearing plumose sensory seta; article 2 twice as long as article 3, without setae; article 3 with 4 long setae and 3 aesthetascs distally. Antenna 2 with 4 peduncular articles bearing simple setae; article 4 with some plumose sensory setae apically; flagellum with 4 articles, first one stouter and as long as the remaining ones, with simple long setae. Mandible with incisor blunted, with 4 notches; lamina dentata with 5 serrations; pars molaris acute; palp with 3 articles, relative lengths of articles 1.5: 2.2: 1.0; first and second articles with simple long seta mediodistally each; last article with 7 setae. Maxilla with apex of lateral endite slightly curved medially showing strong distal tooth and 6 – 7 smaller teeth. Maxilliped without endite; small oval epipod; palp of 3 articles; article 1 with 2 simple setae on inner margin, outer margin slightly concave; article 2 widest with simple seta on inner margin, 2 simple setae ventrally near inner margin, 2 simple setae near inner angle of articulation with third article, and simple seta near outer angle of articulation with third article; and apical article with plumose seta and 3 simple setae mediodistally and stouter plumose seta basally. Apical article triangular, clearly surpassing the preceding article; articulation between last two articles almost parallel to preceding one. Two apical articles showing inner margin with numerous thin and long hairs. Pereopod 1 broadest, subchelate; palm without medial projection, only with shallow crenulated basal step with 5 setae, and 2 setae distally; propodus expanded with 2 long simple setae near lower angle of articulation with dactylus; dactylus with 9 long simple setae distally, 4 of them near lower angle of articulation with unguis; dactylus with toothed boss at base of unguis. Pereopods 2 – 3 similar, stouter than following ones; propodus not oval, with palm slightly concave. Pereopod 4 shortest, similar to pereopod 5. Pereopods 6 – 7 more stylized than pereopods 4 – 5 and similar in length to pereopods 2 – 3. Pleopod 1 with 6 retinaculae on sympod; exopod operculiform, with 30 plumose setae; endopod shorter with 8 plumose setae. Sympod of pleopod 2 with 2 retinaculae; exopod with 10 and endopod with 8 plumose setae. Uropods as long as telson; exopod oval, with concavity on distal outer margin; endopod shorter than sympod (1.0: 1.2), 1.5 times longer than wide. Telson linguiform, 2.2 times longer than greatest width; apex slightly excavate, with pair of short plumose setae, and 3 pairs of long setae, outer one less than half of length than others. Color in alcohol yellowish, without chromatophores.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE2382EFF3DFEBEFB7BB7F6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to the memory of my father, Francisco (Paco) Castelló-Guasch (Ibiza, 1909 – 1984), who taught me to appreciate the beauty of marine life.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE2382EFF3DFEBEFB7BB7F6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Differences with respect to the female 7.0 mm [MZB 2016 - 3567]: The ovigerous female 10.8 mm [MZB 2016 - 3568] has pereopod 1 with palm bearing 5 simple setae; its color is darker, brownish, with reddish pigment pattern as in Fig. 2. The male 6.5 mm [MZB 2016 - 3569] has a thinner body, larger eyes (22 – 24 ommatidia) reaching a length of one third of the cephalon, and longer pleon; the antenna 1 shows a flagellum of 13 articles, the last one the smallest, and the articles 2 – 12 with numerous long aesthetascs; it extends slightly beyond the cephalon; the pereopod 1 has a narrower propodus than the female, and the palm with serrated medial projection bearing 5 simple setae on external side; the distal half of the palm has 3 simple setae, and the mesial side of the palm shows a strip of numerous simple setae, increasing in length distally; pleopod 1 presents 5 retinaculae on the sympod, and the endopod and the exopod have 13 and 25 plumose setae respectively; pleopod 2 has the appendix masculina inserted at a third of the length of the endopod, reaching beyond its end; the sympod presents 2 retinaculae, and the endopod and the exopod 7 and 14 plumose setae respectively. The manca 2.4 mm [MZB 2016 - 3570] has the mandibular palp with 4 setae on the last article; and the palm of pereopod 1 bears 2 simple setae, without medial projection. The genus Mesanthura currently includes 47 species, usually very shallow, distributed widely throughout the world except the polar regions, which are characterized by a specific dark dorsal coloring; mandibular palp article 3 with a row of up to 15 distal setae; maxilliped with obsolete or absent endite, palp three-segmented with mesial margin of the distal article free between its suture and a distal group of setae; propodus palm of pereopod 1 with step or prominent tooth, and dactylus often with a complex toothed surface at base of unguis (Poore, 2001). Mesanthura pacoi sp. nov. is unique because of its usual pale yellowish color, without spots (only the ovigerous females present a darker color and dorsal pigment pattern), and the characteristic setation of the mesial margin of the apical maxillipedal article, with 5 setae leaving almost no free margin, and one robust plumose basal seta (this can also be observed in many species, although it is stouter in M. pacoi sp. nov.); moreover, the fine hairs observed along the margin of the penultimate article, together with two plumose setae of the apical article, form a true filtering mechanism that is not observed in any other species. Other features shared with other species are: 7 setae on mandibular palp article 3, the absence of maxillipedal endite, and the propodus palm of pereopod 1 with shallow, granulate step. The genus Mesanthura was first mentioned in the Mediterranean Sea by Lorenti et al. (2009), in two harbors of the west (Salerno, Tyrrhenian Sea) and south (Taranto, Ionian Sea) of Italy. These authors find similarities between the specimens studied and M. romulea Poore & Lew Ton, 1986 based on dorsal pigment spots. Unfortunately the description of M. romulea is incomplete because the authors only described pereopod 1, and the drawings of the mandible and maxilliped of specimens from Italy cannot be compared. In any case, M. romulea has dactylus of pereopod 1 as a diagnostic character because it presents distinctive granulations, especially at base of unguis. The drawings by Lorenti et al. (2009) do not appear to show this character; these authors did not determine their specimens as M. romulea and considered them as Mesanthura sp. It is evident that the characteristics of M. pacoi sp. nov. are different from Mesanthura sp. from Italy, firstly due to the color but also due to the maxilliped, with rectilinear margins of basal article of palp in Mesanthura sp. and with concave outer margin in M. pacoi sp. nov., and setation of inner margin of the distal article, 3 simple setae and one plumose seta mediodistally in Mesanthura sp., versus one plumose seta and 3 simple setae mediodistally and one robust plumose seta basally in M. pacoi sp. nov. In this study, M. pacoi sp. nov. was collected in Cyprus and along almost the entire Lebanese coast, on rocky bottoms, calcareous concretions and corals of cliffs and caves, at depths of between 1 and 35 m.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE8382AFF3DF963FB5EB1DA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female, 4.5 mm, sample 5 M 15, station 11, Raoucheh, Beirut, Lebanon, 33 ° 53 ' 18 ” N, 35 ° 28 ' 01 ” E, 0 – 1 m, cave, G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius coll., 17 Sept. 2002 (MZB 2016 - 3479, 20 slides). Paratypes: damaged female without posterior section of body, sample 5 M 15, same locality as holotype (MZB 2016 - 3480, 15 slides); juvenile, 2 mm, sample 5 M 16, same locality as holotype (MZB 2016 - 3481); depth between 0 and 3 m, G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius coll., 17 Sept. 2002.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE8382AFF3DF963FB5EB1DA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body 2.4 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of cephalon with groove on each side. Frontal lamina pentagonal, elongated, with triangulate anterior and concave lateral margins. Pereonites 4 – 7 with transverse grooves. Apex of pleotelson truncated, with 10 robust setae. Uropodal exopod like an elongated spoon, with concave section.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE8382AFF3DF963FB5EB1DA.taxon	description	Description of holotype [MZB 2016 - 3479]. Body 2.4 times longer than wide. Cephalon with apex of rostral process overlapped by frontal lamina; posterior margin of cephalon with groove on each side. Frontal lamina pentagonal, with triangulate anterior and concave lateral margins. Pereonite 1 slightly longer than remaining pereonites, equal in length; pereonite 1 with lateral simple suture; coxae 2 – 3 with longitudinal suture almost parallel to the margin; coxae 3 – 7 with oblique suture. Few setae on margins of pereonites 3 – 7; surface of body smooth, without setae. Transverse dorsal groove on pereonites 4 – 7. Pleonites 2 – 5 visible from above, last three almost equal in length, without denticles. Pleotelson narrowed, concave in distal half, and truncated distally; apex with 10 robust setae and 4 long simple setae, two of them in the middle; lateral margins of pleotelson without setae. Antenna 1 reaching pereonite 3, with 4 peduncular articles; article 3 longest and article 4 shortest; articulation of articles 3 – 4 oblique; flagellum of 13 articles (9 in damaged female); articles 3 – 13 bearing aesthetascs. Antenna 2 with peduncular article 4 longest; articles 1 – 4 each with group of long setae on anterodistal angle; flagellum with 16 articles (15 in damaged female). Mandibular palp articles 2 – 3 with 12 pectinated setae each (9 and 11 respectively in the damaged female); setae of article 2 arranged in two rows. Maxilla 1 with 3 plumose robust setae on endopod and 12 curved robust setae and one slender seta on exopod. Maxilla 2 inner lobe with 7, medial lobe with 4, and outer lobe with 5 long plumose setae. Maxillipedal palp article 1 with 3 long plumose setae placed distally; articles 2 – 5 with 4, 12, 9, and 8 setae on medial margin respectively, usually plumose (simple setae if placed some way from the margin); lateral margin with 3, 7, 1, and 2 long simple setae respectively; endite with 3 lateral and 2 subterminal stout plumose setae, and 2 coupling hooks. Pereopod 1 basis with 2 plumose setae on posterodistal angle; ischium with long seta on anterodistal angle and 3 long subterminal setae; merus with 3 long setae on anterodistal angle and subterminal seta, inner margin with 2 robust and 1 simple seta; carpus with 1 robust and 1 simple seta on inner margin, and 2 subterminal setae; propodus with 6 robust bifid setae interspersed with simple setae arranged in groups of 2 – 3; dactylus with distinct secondary unguis; row of 9 setae at base of unguis. Pereopods 2 – 3 shorter and more setose than pereopod 1; inner margin of merus-carpus-propodus with stout setae, especially in pereopod 2. Pereopod 4 robust, with stout setae on both anterior and posterior margins. Pereopods 5 – 7 similar, increasing in length posteriorly; numerous simple plumose setae and stout bifid setae on ischium-merus-carpus, especially in pereopod 7. Pleopod 1 endopod narrow; peduncle with 4 coupling hooks and plumose seta on inner margin; endopod and exopod with 13 and 26 plumose setae respectively. Pleopod 2 peduncle with 3 coupling hooks and plumose seta; endopod and exopod with 13 and 33 plumose setae. Pleopods 2 – 5 peduncle increasingly short and rami progressively rounded. Pleopods 3 – 5 without setae on margin of endopod, and exopod with incomplete suture; endopod shorter than exopod. Uropodal endopod rounded, flat, shorter than telsonic apex; 11 robust setae interspersed with stout setae on the margin of distal half. Uropodal exopod thin and concave surpassing telsonic apex; 5 robust setae on inner margin, apex with robust seta and a tuft of thinner setae, outer margin without robust setae. Tegument of exopod with simple setae and rounded scales with groups of short setae on their margin. Color in alcohol pale with dorsal brown chromatophores.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE8382AFF3DF963FB5EB1DA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Beirutensis, from Beirut, capital of Lebanon.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFE8382AFF3DF963FB5EB1DA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Atarbolana beirutensis sp. nov. has a uropodal exopod with a concave section like an elongated spoon; this feature, a spoon-like uropodal exopod without the cylindrical section found in the other species, is an autapomorphic character, and may be added to the generic diagnosis as a variable feature. The genus Atarbolana Bruce & Javed, 1987 consists of 4 species (A. exoconta Bruce & Javed, 1987, A. setosa Javed & Yasmeen, 1989, A. dasycolus Yasmeen, 2004, and A. makranensis Khalaji-Pirbalouty, Naderloo & Keikhosravi, 2015) distributed in the Pakistani coast and Gulf of Oman (Iranian coast). A. beirutensis sp. nov. expands the distribution of this genus, which is recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean sea.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFEC3834FF3DFA66FE52B5EF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: adult male, 7.7 mm, sample 5 M 37, station 7, Beirut Harbor, Lebanon, 33 ° 54 ' 26 ” N, 35 ° 31 ' 16 ” E., 14 m, inner side of the breakwater, no ecological data, G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius coll., 9 July 2003 (MZB 2016 - 3482: 19 slides). Paratypes: female, 7.3 mm, sample 5 M 37, same locality as holotype (MZB 2016 - 3483); juvenile, 2.8 mm (dissected, 19 slides), sample 5 M 8, stn. 10: Beirut Harbor outer side of breakwater (MZB 2016 - 3571); female, 4.8 mm, sample 5 M 9, stn. 10: Beirut Harbor outer side of breakwater (MZB 2016 - 3572); female, 4.2 mm, sample 5 M 19, stn. 3: Tripoli inside harbor (MZB 2016 - 3573); female, 4.7 mm, sample 5 M 19, stn. 3: Tripoli inside harbor (MZB 2016 - 3574); male, 5.0 mm, sample 5 M 23, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier (MZB 2016 - 3575); male, 6.2 mm, sample 5 M 23, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier (MZB 2016 - 3576); female, 4.3 mm, sample 5 M 23, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier (MZB 2016 - 3577); female, 5.2 mm, sample 5 M 23, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier (MZB 2016 - 3578); female, 6.4 mm, sample 5 M 23, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier (MZB 2016 - 3579); juvenile, 3.9 mm, sample 5 M 23, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier (MZB 2016 - 3580). Depth: between 2 and 15 m. G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius coll., between 16 Sept. 2002 and 9 July 2003.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFEC3834FF3DFA66FE52B5EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body flat, depressed, about 3.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface of body without tubercles. Posterior margin of pereonites and pleonites without denticles or nodules. Pleonite 4 notched. Stiff setae on pleonite 5 and pleotelson. Frontal lamina pentagonal. Antenna 2 reaching beginning of pereonite 3. Articles of antennal flagellum with tuft of simple setae on anterodistal angle. Penes flat, well developed.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFEC3834FF3DFA66FE52B5EF.taxon	description	Description of holotype [MZB 2016 - 3482]. Body about 3.0 times as long as width, depressed, widest on pereonite 5. Cephalon without dorsal furrows and with anterior margin rounded, not produced. Frontal lamina pentagonal not visible in dorsal view, separating antennular bases. Eyes lateral, rounded, with about 60 ommatidia; slightly covered by pereonite 1. Pereonite 1 longest, with lateral furrow on each side. Pereonite 2 also with lateral furrow. Pereonites 2 – 7 subequal in length. Posterior margin of pereonites without denticles or nodules. Coxae 4 – 7 with oblique carina; coxae 2 – 3 with posterior margin almost straight; coxae 4 – 7 with posterior margin oblique. Pleonite 1 largely concealed by pereonite 7. Pleonites 2 – 4 subequal in length, with concave posterior margin, especially last one. Pleonite 5 longest. Posterior margin of pleonites without denticles or nodules. Pleotelson triangular with slightly rounded margins; apex acute with 8 robust setae interspersed with plumose setae (also in paratype female 7.3 mm (sample 5 M 37) [MZB 2016 - 3483]); dorsal surface without nodules, almost entirely covered by stiff setae, also present on pereonite 5. Antenna 1 with peduncle of 4 articles; article 2 slightly longer than article 1; article 3 longest; article 4 minute; flagellum of 16 articles; aesthetascs from article 2 forwards; 3 simple setae and sensory seta at the apex. Antenna 1 almost reaches posterior margin of pereonite 1. Antenna 2 progressively increase in length; tuft of setae on anterodistal angle of articles, and some setae on anterior margin; sensory seta on posterodistal angle of article 5; flagellum of 19 articles (right antenna 2 broken off at the apex, losing two last articles); tuft of setae on anterodistal angle of articles. Antenna 2 reaching pereonite 3. Mandible with incisor with 3 cusps, external one longest; molar process well produced with a continuous row of 21 teeth (right mandible), not placed on margin but on one side; on the opposite side there is a ridge of setae, 3 of them longest, almost reaching apex; spine row with 5 robust setae (right mandible); palp with 3 articles; articles 2 – 3 setose; apical article with about 15 pectinated setae. Maxilla 1 exopod with 8 stout setae and 2 short setae; endopod lost during dissection. Maxilla 2 inner lobe with 10 plumose setae and 3 simple setae; medial lobe with 11 simple setae; outer lobe with 4 simple setae. Maxilliped with endite extending to mid-point of palp article 2, distally with coupling hook and 4 plumose setae; palp article one with mediodistal seta; article 2 with seta on externodistal angle, and 6 setae on internodistal angle; article 3 with 3 setae on external margin, and 10 setae on internodistal angle; article 4 with 2 setae on external margin, and 12 setae on internodistal angle, 3 of them pectinated; article 5 with 3 setae on external margin, and 10 setae at apex, 4 of them pectinated. Pereopod 1 basis stout with 3 setae on posterodistal angle; ischium with 2 setae on anterodistal angle, tubercular blunt seta near posterodistal angle; merus with 3 setae on anterodistal angle, posterior margin with 6 tubercular blunt stout setae and robust pectinated seta between the fourth and fifth, medial side without setae; carpus triangular laterally, posterior margin with 2 setae on distal angle, and 2 other setae more centered; propodus with 2 setae on anterodistal section, posterior margin toothed with 2 robust setae, last of them stoutest and placed on posterodistal angle; 3 simple setae in same position on medial side. Pereopod 2 similar but less robust than pereopod 1; the main differences are: ischium with 2 tubercular blunt stout setae near posterodistal angle, merus with 9 tubercular blunt stout setae on posterior margin, some of them pectinated, carpus with 2 robust setae on anterodistal angle, and propodus with posterior margin only sinuate, not toothed, and with 3 robust setae. Pereopod 3 similar to pereopod 2 but less robust; the main differences are: ischium with 3 setae on anterodistal angle, merus with 12 tubercular blunt stout setae on posterior margin, some of them pectinated, carpus with 3 robust pectinated setae on posterodistal angle, and one other seta more centered, and propodus with posterior margin smooth. Pereopods 4 – 7 similar but becoming longer posteriorly; basis with short simple setae on anterior margin (pereopods 4 – 7), a group of 5 (pereopods 4 – 6) or 4 (pereopod 7) setae on posterodistal angle, ischium with 5 (pereopod 4), 8 (pereopods 5 - 6) or 9 (pereopod 7) setae (bifurcated or pectinated) on anterodistal angle, posterior margin with four groups of 5, 2, 3 and 5 (pereopod 4), 5, 2, 3 and 4 (pereopod 5), 5, 2, 2 and 3 (pereopod 6), and 4, 2, 3 and 3 (pereopod 7) bifurcated setae, merus with 5 (pereopod 4), 6 (pereopod 5), 11 – 12 (pereopod 6), and 8 (pereopod 7) bifurcated setae (2 – 3 of them serrated in pereopod 6) on anterodistal angle, posterior margin with two groups of 9 and 12 (pereopod 4), 8 and 9 (pereopod 5), 4 and 8 (pereopod 6), and 4 and 11 (pereopod 7) bifurcated setae, carpus with one (pereopods 4 – 5), 8 (pereopod 6), and 4 (pereopod 7) bifurcated setae (3 – 4 of them serrated in pereopod 6), posterior margin with three groups of 3, 5 and 7 (pereopod 4), 3, 4 and 6 (pereopod 5), 2, 4 and 7 (pereopod 6) or four groups of one, 3, 4 and 10 (pereopod 7) bifurcated setae, propodus with 2 bifurcated setae on anterodistal angle (pereopods 4 – 7), posterior margin with four groups of one, 2, 2 and 2 (pereopods 4 – 5), 2, 2, 3 and 2 (pereopod 6), and 2, 2, 2 and 2 (pereopod 7) bifurcated setae. Penes present, flat, well developed. Pleopod 1 rami subequal in length; medial margin of peduncle with 4 coupling-hooks, and 3 plumose setae on a triangular boss; external margin with stout seta; endopod and exopod with 14 and 40 plumose setae respectively; exopod with stout seta near the peduncle. Pleopod 2 rami subequal in length; medial margin of peduncle with 3 coupling-hooks, 3 plumose setae on a triangular boss, and 3 plumose setae on margin; external margin with stout seta; endopod and exopod with 21 and 40 plumose setae respectively. Appendix masculina robust, curved, surpassing length of endopod and reaching beyond half of length of setae; proximal section of appendix masculina with short setae and distal section with scales of short setae; thin and winding apex. Pleopods 3 – 5 exopod slightly longer than endopod; exopod with incomplete suture. Sympod of pleopods 3 – 4 with 3 coupling-hooks; sympod of pleopod 3 with 2 plumose setae on triangular boss, and 4 plumose setae on inner margin; sympod of pleopod 4 with plumose seta on triangular boss and 4 plumose setae on inner margin. Pleopod 3 with robust seta on outer margin of sympod, and 16 and 45 plumose setae on endopod and exopod respectively. Pleopod 4 sympod with stout seta on outer margin, and 13 and 46 plumose setae on endopod and exopod respectively. Pleopod 5 with stout seta on external margin of sympod; endopod without setae and 48 plumose setae on exopod. Uropods clearly surpassing apex of pleotelson; endopod longer than exopod. Peduncle ventrolateral angle with 5 robust setae. Endopod length: width ratio 2.3; both margins serrated; outer margin with 9 stout robust setae interspersed with plumose setae, both absent in proximal third; apex bifid with tuft of plumose setae same as those of margin, and long simple setae; inner margin with 8 stout bifid setae interspersed with plumose setae, both absent in proximal third. Exopod length: width ratio 2.8; lateral margin convex and slightly serrated, with 7 short robust setae and plumose setae along entire margin; apex bifid with tuft of simple setae; internal margin serrated with 3 stout setae and plumose setae along margin, except on proximal fifth. Color in alcohol yellowish brown, without cromatophores. Variation. Pleonite 1 totally concealed by the pereonite 7 in the juvenile 3.9 mm, the females 4.3 – 4.8 mm, and the female paratype 7.3 mm. Pleotelson with only a few dorsal setae in the juvenile 2.8 mm; pleotelson without dorsal setae in the juvenile 3.9 mm, the females 4.2 – 6.4 mm, and the male 5.0 mm. Pleotelson with apex more rounded in the male 5.0 mm. Antenna 2 with 16 articles in the female paratype 7.3 mm.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFEC3834FF3DFA66FE52B5EF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Ghazi Bitar, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon, in recognition of his organization of the sampling campaigns that allowed the collection of specimens studied.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFEC3834FF3DFA66FE52B5EF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Bruce (1986) established several groups for the Australian species of Cirolana on the basis of the presence or absence of nodular dorsal sculpture, and lateral margin of uropodal exopod with or without continuous marginal setae. These criteria, applied to the two new species described in this study, place C. bitari sp. nov. in the “ Cirolana parva group ”, with unornamented pereon, and pleon and pleotelson with reduced or absent ornamentation, and also external margin of uropodal exopod with 6 – 10 stout setae. To this same group belong C. cranchi Leach, 1818 and C. ferruginosa Risso, 1826, the only species mentioned in the Mediterranean (WoRMS database, accessed 2 May 2017), the former also found in the collection of this study together with C. manorae Bruce & Javed, 1987. C. manorae belongs to the “ tuberculate group ” and is related to C. zibrowiusi sp. nov. Since Bruce & Javed (1987) compare C. manorae and C. bovina Barnard, 1940, in the present study the two new species are also compared with this latter species. Cirolana bitari sp. nov. is easily distinguished from C. cranchi and C. manorae because the male has flat welldeveloped penes (absent in C. cranchi and C. manorae). Furthermore, C. manorae has two nodules on pleonite 5 and four nodules on pleotelson, located at the level of initiation of the uropodal protopod, unlike C. bitari sp. nov., which has no nodules. The dorsal surface of the pleotelson is covered with stiff setae, absent in C. manorae. The absence of nodules and granules on pleonite 5 and the pleotelson of C. bitari sp. nov. is a clear difference with respect to C. bovina. Bruce & Javed (1987) include a table comparing C. bovina and C. manorae; an additional character that is not mentioned but is apparent is the length of antenna 2, which in C. bovina reaches the end of pereonite 4, while in C. manorae it only reaches pereonite 2. In C. bovina the dorsal surface of pleotelson presents stiff setae, a feature also present in C. bitari sp. nov., but in the latter antenna 2 only reaches pereonite 3. It is not known whether C. bovina presents penes. Regarding C. zibrowiusi sp. nov., the main differences are: C. bitari sp. nov. has a depressed, flat body, while in C. zibrowiusi sp. nov. it is rounded and slightly depressed; antenna 2 reaches pereonite 3 in C. bitari sp. nov., but only pereonite 2 in C. zibrowiusi sp. nov.; the articles of antennal flagellum have one (C. bitari) or two (C. zibrowiusi) tufts of simple setae on the anterodistal angle; the pleonite 4 is clearly notched in C. bitari sp. nov., while in C. zibrowiusi sp. nov. it is not (or is only slightly) notched; and the uropods bear many lateral setae in C. bitari sp. nov., compared with few setae in C. zibrowiusi sp. nov. (in the remarks on C. zibrowiusi sp. nov. this feature is discussed in depth).	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFF2383CFF3DFE35FE43B187.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female, 8.2 mm, sample 5 M 23, station 12: Beirut Airport pier, Lebanon, 33 ° 50 ' 32 ” N, 35 ° 28 ' 48 ” E, 3 – 11 m, pillar of the breakwater, no ecological data, G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius coll., 25 Sept. 2002 (MZB 2016 - 3484, 21 slides). Paratypes: male, 5.9 mm, sample 5 M 23, same locality as holotype (MZB 2016 - 3485, 20 slides); ovigerous female, 7.6 mm, sample 5 M 23, same locality as holotype (MZB 2016 - 3486); juvenile, 3.9 mm, sample 5 M 23, same locality as holotype (MZB 2016 - 3487); female, 7.2 mm, sample 5 M 13, stn. 9: Beirut inside harbor, quay 60 (MZB 2016 - 3488); ovigerous female, 10.2 mm, sample 5 M 51, stn. 12: Beirut Airport pier (MZB 2016 - 3489), depth: between 3 and 11 m. G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius coll., between 16 Sept. 2002 and 16 July 2003.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFF2383CFF3DFE35FE43B187.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body rounded, slightly depressed, about 3.7 times as long as wide. Dorsal surface of body without tubercles. Posterior margin of pereonites 5 – 7 and pleonites 2 – 5 with denticles or nodules. Stiff setae on pereonite 7, pleonites 2 – 5 and pleotelson. Frontal lamina pentagonal with rounded angles. Antenna 2 reaching half of pereonite 2. Articles of antennal flagellum with two tufts of simple setae on anterodistal angle. Penes flat, well developed.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFF2383CFF3DFE35FE43B187.taxon	description	Description of holotype [MZB 2016 - 3484]. Body about 3.7 times as long as wide, moderately depressed, widest at pereonite 5. Cephalon with dorsal furrows and with anterior margin rounded, not produced. Frontal lamina pentagonal with rounded angles, not visible in dorsal view, separating antennular bases. Eyes lateral, rounded, with about 50 ommatidia; slightly covered by pereonite 1. Pereonites 1 – 6 subequal in length; pereonite 7 shortest. Pereonites with dorsal transverse furrow, especially conspicuous in pereonites 1, 6 and 7. Posterior margin of pereonites 1 – 3 without denticles or nodules, which are present in pereonites 4 – 7, increasingly further back. Stiff setae on posterior margin of pereonite 6 and dorsal surface of posterior half of pereonite 7. Coxae 2 – 3 with posterior margin rounded; coxae 4 – 7 with posterior margin oblique; coxae 4 – 7 with oblique carina. Pleonite 1 largely concealed by pereonite 7. Pleonites 2 – 5 subequal in length. Pleonites 2 – 4 with concave posterior margin, especially last one. Posterior margin of pleonites 2 – 5 with nodules and stiff setae, also present dorsally. Pleotelson triangular with slightly rounded margins; apex acute with 8 robust setae interspersed with simple setae (also in paratype male 5.9 mm (sample 5 M 23) [MZB 2016 - 3485]). Dorsal surface of pleotelson without nodules, entirely covered by stiff setae (also in paratype male 5.9 mm (sample 5 M 23) [MZB 2016 - 3485]), not as robust as 8 apical setae. Antenna 1 with peduncle of 4 articles; article 2 slightly longer than article 1; article 3 longest; article 4 minute; flagellum of 16 articles; articles 1 – 15 with aesthetascs; final article with 3 simple setae. Antenna 1 reaches one half of pereonite 1. Antenna 2 with peduncle of 5 articles progressively increasing and decreasing their length and section respectively; 2 – 3 simple setae on anterodistal angle of articles 2 – 5; 2 sensory setae on distal margin of article 5; flagellum with 22 articles; two tufts of simple setae on anterodistal angle of articles; final article with 2 simple setae. Antenna 2 reaching half of pereonite 2. Mandible with incisor with 3 cusps, external one longest; molar process with continuous row of 21 teeth (left mandible) placed not on margin but on one side; opposite side with numerous thin setae near complete margin of lamina; spine row with 4 robust setae (left mandible); palp with 3 articles; articles 2 – 3 setose; apical article with 17 pectinated setae. Maxilla 1 exopod with 8 stout setae and 3 short setae; endopod lost during dissection. Maxilla 2 inner lobe with 8 plumose setae and 7 simple setae; medial lobe with 12 simple setae; outer lobe with 4 simple setae. Maxilliped with endite extending to mid-point of palp article 2, distally with coupling hook and 6 plumose setae; palp article one with 2 mediodistal setae; article 2 with seta on externodistal angle, and 8 setae on internodistal angle; article 3 with 3 setae on external margin, and 12 setae on internodistal angle; article 4 with 2 – 3 setae on external margin, and 10 – 12 setae (one of them, pectinated) on internodistal angle; article 5 with 3 setae on external margin, and about 10 setae at apex (2 of them pectinated); epipod oval, extending half of length of palp article 3, with some 25 plumose marginal setae. Pereopod 1 basis stout with 2 setae on posterodistal angle; ischium with stout bifid seta on anterodistal angle, 5 – 6 setae near the tubercular distal margin, blunt short seta on posterodistal angle (medial side); merus with stout bifid seta on anterodistal angle, 6 setae on distal margin, 5 tubercular bifid blunt setae on posterior margin, and robust pectinated seta between blunt second and third setae placed on medial side; carpus triangular laterally, with seta on posterodistal angle, tubercular, and 2 more setae on distal margin; propodus with seta on anterodistal angle, and 2 small setae on anterior margin, posterior margin toothed with 2 robust setae (last of them stoutest and placed on posterodistal angle) and 3 setae on posterodistal angle on medial side; a ridge of 7 teeth and 2 small setae on external side, parallel to posterior margin. Pereopod 2 less robust than pereopod 1; basis with 5 setae on posterodistal angle; ischium with stout bifid seta on anterodistal angle, 3 setae near distal margin, not tubercular, 3 short setae on proximal section and 2 tubercular bifid blunt setae near distal angle of posterior margin; merus with 2 stout bifid setae on anterodistal angle, near another stout bifid seta on distal margin, 5 stout bifid setae and 2 setae on posterodistal angle, and 4 stout bifid setae on posterior margin, tubercular, near seta on external side; carpus with seta on posterodistal angle, near 2 setae on distal margin; propodus with 2 setae on anterodistal angle, stout bifid seta wrapped by two groups of 2 (internal side) and 3 (external side) setae on posterodistal angle, and 2 stout bifid setae on smooth posterior margin. Pereopod 3 stouter than pereopod 2 although smaller in size; basis with 5 setae on posterodistal angle; ischium with 2 stout bifid setae on anterodistal angle, near another bifid seta on the distal margin, 2 setae on the distal margin, 2 stout bifid setae on posterodistal angle (internal side), and 2 setae on posterior margin; merus with 2 stout bifid setae on anterodistal angle, near pectinated seta on distal margin (internal side), posterior margin with two groups of 4 (distal angle) and 5 stout pectinated bifid setae; carpus with seta on anterodistal angle, seta on distal margin, near the posterodistal angle, with seta and 3 pectinated bifid setae; propodus with 4 setae on anterodistal angle, 2 setae and stout bifid seta on posterodistal angle, and 2 stout bifid setae on posterior margin. Pereopods 4 – 7 similar but becoming longer posteriorly; basis with row of short simple setae on external side (2, 3, 3, and 5 setae on pereopods 4 – 7 respectively), and a group of setae on posterodistal angle (pereopod 4: 2 simple setae and 2 bifid setae; pereopod 5: 3 simple setae and 2 bifid setae; pereopod 6: 5 simple setae; pereopod 7: 5 simple setae and one pectinated seta); ischium with 4 (pereopod 4), 9 (pereopod 5), 8 (pereopod 6) or 9 (pereopod 7) setae (bifurcated or pectinated) on anterodistal angle, posterior margin with three groups of 2, 4 and 4 (pereopod 4), 2, 3 and 4 (pereopod 5), 2, 4 and 5 (pereopod 6), and 2, 2 and 3 (pereopod 7) simple, bifid or pectinated setae, sometimes becoming robust setae on posterodistal angle; merus with 5 (pereopod 4), 6 (pereopod 5), 6 (pereopod 6), and 9 (pereopod 7) bifid or pectinated setae on anterodistal angle, posterior margin with two (pereopods 4 – 6) or three (pereopod 7) groups of 8 and 10 (pereopod 4), 6 and 10 (pereopod 5), 5 and 10 (pereopod 6) and 2, 3 and 8 (pereopod 7, bifid or robust setae placed on tubercular ridges) bifid or robust setae; carpus with 3 (pereopod 4), 3 (pereopod 5), 10 (pereopod 6) and 11 (pereopod 7) bifid or pectinated setae on anterodistal angle, posterior margin with three groups of 2, 6 and 8 (pereopod 4), 2, 5 and 10 (pereopod 5), 2, 4 and 10 (pereopod 6), and 2, 4 and 10 (pereopod 7) bifid, robust or pectinated setae; propodus without setae (pereopods 4, 5 and 7) or with 3 small setae on anterior margin (pereopod 6), anterodistal angle with 3 simple setae (pereopod 4), 5 simple, sensory or bifid setae (pereopod 5), 6 simple, sensory or bifid setae (pereopod 6) and 6 simple or bifid setae (pereopod 7), posterior margin with four groups of one, 2, 3 and 2 (pereopod 4), 2, 2, 2 and 3 (pereopod 5), 2, 3, 3 and 3 (pereopod 6) and one, 2, 3 and 3 (pereopod 7) bifid or robust setae; in addition, one simple long seta on posterodistal angle on pereopod 7. In male paratype 5.9 mm (sample 5 M 23) [MZB 2016 - 3485], penes present, flat, well developed. Pleopod 1 rami subequal in length; medial margin of peduncle with 4 coupling-hooks, and 3 plumose setae; external margin with robust seta; endopod and exopod with 14 and 35 plumose setae respectively; exopod with robust seta on proximolateral angle. Pleopod 2 endopod slightly longer than exopod; medial margin of peduncle with 3 coupling-hooks, and 3 plumose setae on the margin; external margin with robust seta; endopod and exopod with 15 and 37 plumose setae respectively. In male paratype 5.9 mm (sample 5 M 23) [MZB 2016 - 3485], peduncle with seta on triangular boss and 2 setae on margin, appendix masculina robust, curved, surpassing length of endopod and reaching two-thirds of length of setae; proximal section of appendix masculina with short setae and distal section with scales of short setae; thin and winding apex. Pleopods 3 – 5 rami subequal in length; exopod with incomplete suture. Sympod of pleopods 3 – 4 with 3 coupling-hooks, and 4 plumose setae on inner margin; external margin with robust seta; endopod and exopod with 13 and 43 plumose setae (pleopod 3), and with 9 and 41 plumose setae (pleopod 4). Pleopod 5 with robust seta on external margin of sympod; endopod without setae and 41 plumose setae on exopod. Uropods clearly surpassing apex of pleotelson; endopod longer than exopod. Peduncle ventrolateral angle with 6 robust setae. Endopod length: width ratio 2.1; both margins serrated; outer margin with 5 stout setae interspersed with plumose (proximal section) and bifid (distal section) setae, both absent in proximal half; apex bifid with tuft of bifid setae and 3 longer simple setae; inner margin with 7 stout setae interspersed with plumose setae, both absent in proximal half. Exopod length: width ratio 2.6; lateral margin slightly serrated with 6 stout setae interspersed with bifid setae; apex bifid with tuft of bifid setae and 4 longer simple setae; internal margin serrated with 4 stout setae interspersed with plumose setae, absent in proximal half. Color in alcohol yellowish brown, without cromatophores. Variation. Female 7.2 mm, ovigerous female paratype 7.6 mm, and ovigerous female 10.2 mm with body less depressed than in the holotype; the section of the body is circular or slightly compressed at the level of the first pereonites. Antenna 1 reaches the end of pereonite 1 and antenna 2, and the half of pereonite 2 in the male paratype 5.9 mm. Pleonite 1 is totally concealed by the pereonite 7 in the female 7.2 mm, the ovigerous female paratype 7.6 mm, and the juvenile paratype 3.9 mm, and only slightly visible in the male paratype 5.9 mm. Absence of denticles or nodules on pereonites 4 – 7 and pleonites 2 – 5 in the female 7.2 mm, the male paratype 5.9 mm, and the juvenile paratype 3.9 mm. Absence of setae on the surface of pleotelson in the juvenile paratype 3.9 mm.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFF2383CFF3DFE35FE43B187.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Dr. Helmut Zibrowius, who entrusted me with the study of the isopods from Lebanon collected during the CEDRE campaigns and has waited patiently for the results.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFF2383CFF3DFE35FE43B187.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Bruce's (1986) criteria, C. zibrowiusi sp. nov. can be included in the “ tuberculate group ” although it has nodules rather than dorsal tubercles. It is related to C. manorae, which presents nodules and also tubercles on pleonite 5 and the pleotelson (Fig. 17); and also to C. bovina, which furthermore shows pleotelson entirely covered by stiff setae like C. zibrowiusi sp. nov.. Cirolana zibrowiusi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the related species (C. bitari sp. nov., C. bovina, C. manorae) by flat penes (different from C. manorae), antenna 2 reaching pereonite 2 (different from C. bitari sp. nov. and C. bovina), flagellum of antenna 2 with two tufts of simple setae on the anterodistal angle (different from C. bitari sp. nov.), a relatively cylindrical body (different from C. bitari sp. nov., C. bovina, and C. manorae), pleonite 4 not or only very slightly notched (different from C. bitari sp. nov.), pleotelson with dorsal stiff setae (different from C. manorae), and uropodal margins with few setae (different from C. bitari sp. nov.). The differences in uropodal setation between C. bitari sp. nov. and C. zibrowiusi sp. nov. are summarized as follows: Endopod inner margin. - C. bitari: setae absent in the proximal third; C. zibrowiusi: setae absent in the proximal half; Endopod outer margin. - C. bitari: 9 robust setae, setae absent in the proximal third; C. zibrowiusi: 5 robust setae interspersed with bifid setae, setae absent in the proximal half; Exopod inner margin. - C. bitari: 3 robust setae, setae absent in the proximal fifth; C. zibrowiusi: 4 robust setae, setae absent in the proximal half; Exopod outer margin. - C. bitari: 6 robust setae, plumose setae on the entire length; C. zibrowiusi: 6 robust setae, bifid setae on the entire length.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFFA383BFF3DFB74FDBBB31F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Messana, 1988: 306 – 312.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFFA383BFF3DFB74FDBBB31F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ovigerous female, 6.0 mm, sample 2 M 12, station 8: Beirut inside harbor, 1 – 2 m, G. Bitar & H. Zibrowius coll., 2 June 2000 (MZB 2016 - 3566, 24 slides). Descriptive note of ovigerous female [MZB 2016 - 3566]. Body oval in shape, strongly convex, provided with tufts of setae mainly around perimeter of body and dorsum of cephalon, pleon, and pleotelson. Integument slightly rough, finely dotted, milky-white in color (observed with a stereoscopic microscope), forming a reticle generally with pentagonal or hexagonal figures (observed under optical microscope). In dorsal view, appendages entirely hidden with exception of uropods. Cephalon three times wider than long. Eyes triangular, with more than 120 small ommatidia, placed in posterolateral angles of cephalon inserted in pereonite 1. Pereonite 1 longest and pereonite 7 shortest; this last segment approximately half of length of each pereonite 2 – 6. Pleon with 2 lateral sutures, not covered by pereonite 7. Pleotelson twice as long as pleon, with 2 longitudinal ridges preceded by tuft of setae; end of pleotelson with tube, open in ventral view.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFFA383BFF3DFB74FDBBB31F.taxon	description	Antenna 1 reaching pereopod 1, with 3 basal articles and flagellum with 11 articles; first flagellar article shortest, with 3 sensory setae and 2 simple setae; articles 4 – 8 and 10 bearing one aesthetasc; simple setae present on all articles. Antenna 2 slender and slightly longer than preceding one, also reaching pereonite 1; with 5 peduncular articles and flagellum with 9 articles; peduncle and flagellum of same length. Mouthparts metamorphosed. Mandible as a simple lobe; palp unmodified, with 3 articles; article 2 with 8 pectinated setae, and apical article with 12 pectinated setae. Maxilla 1 outer lobe without setae, inner lobe lost during dissection. Maxilla 2 with 3 rounded lobes without setae. Maxilliped with palp reduced of 5 articles, curved inwards, without setae, slightly longer than endite. Apparent setae on margins of mouthparts due to scaly tegument. Pereopod 1 stoutest, with carpus triangular and 3, 1, and 3 serrated setae on inner margin of merus, carpus and propodus respectively. Pereopod 2 with 2, 2, and 3 serrated setae on inner margin of merus, carpus and propodus respectively. Pereopod 3 similar to preceding one, with only serrated seta on merus and additional serrated seta on carpus. Pereopod 4 with merus flattened; 1, 2, and 2 serrated setae on inner margin of merus, carpus and propodus respectively. Pereopod 5 slightly more stylized but similar to pereopods 2 – 3; 2, 3, and 3 serrated setae on inner margin of merus, carpus and propodus respectively. Pereopod 6 thin; 2, 4, and 3 serrated setae on inner margin of merus, carpus and propodus respectively. Pereopod 7 longest, similar to preceding one; crown of serrated setae around distal margin of carpus. All pereopods with brush of short setae on inner margin of ischium (distal section), merus, carpus, and propodus. Length progressively increasing from pereopod 1 to pereopod 7. Oostegites oval; pereopod 6 extracted together with oostegite; relative length of oostegite: basis is 1.3. Pleopod 1 sympod with 3 retinaculae; endopod subtriangular, much shorter than exopod; 2 teeth on externodistal angle of exopod; endopod with 16, and exopod with 30 long plumose setae; sensory serrated seta near start of outer margin of exopod. Pleopod 2 with sympod biarticulate, with 3 retinaculae; endopod subtriangular, shorter than exopod; 10 teeth on distal section of outer margin of exopod; endopod with 21, and exopod with 26 long plumose setae. Pleopod 3 sympod with 2 retinaculae; endopod subtriangular, similar in length to exopod; endopod with 16 and exopod with 39 long plumose setae. Pleopod 4 with single plumose seta on sympod; two rami subtriangular of similar length; exopod with 2 small lateral incisions in outer margin; inner margin of endopod with proximal, internal, triangular, toothed boss, and about 40 simple setae. Pleopod 5 with two rami subelliptical at end; inner margin of endopod lobed on proximal section; exopod with 2 terminal, toothed papillae, and internal, subterminal toothed papilla; subterminal articulation not observed, only lateral suture at same level of papilla; simple setae surrounding outer margin of each ramus. Uropodal rami with smooth margins, not serrated; apices truncated, with concave margins, slightly oblique in exopodite; exopod shorter than endopod; long stout simple setae surrounding margins of two rami, absent only in inner margin of endopod.	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
03D7E344FFFA383BFF3DFB74FDBBB31F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Messana (1988) described P. seleneides from 4 males from Gesira (coast of Somalia), the only record existing so far. The similar features of the appendages of the ovigerous female examined in this study and those of the males studied by Messana (1988) suggests that it may be the female of the same species. For this reason, a descriptive note is included in this study. The female of P. cf. seleneides was located in Beirut harbor (Lebanon), which is the first recording for the Mediterranean Sea; presumably, it may have been introduced via the Suez Canal (Lessepsian species).	en	Castelló, José (2017): New and little-known species of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the eastern Mediterranean. Zootaxa 4311 (2): 151-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.2.1
