identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D4F455004C435141BECA292E303881.text	03D4F455004C435141BECA292E303881.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aithogaster Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aithogaster Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 7</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004C435141BECA292E303881	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004C435141BECAC42E3039E4.text	03D4F455004C435141BECAC42E3039E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) allodistincta Leblanc and Doorenweerd 2021	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) allodistincta Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021</p> <p>Figure 8</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004C435141BECAC42E3039E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004C435141BECBE32F773EB3.text	03D4F455004C435141BECBE32F773EB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) anomala (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) anomala (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 9</p> <p>Distribution. Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Ambrym, Epi-PaamaTongoa, Efate, Erromanga).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Record in Vanuatu: SAPOTACEAE: Planchonella grayana.</p> <p>Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 101.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004C435141BECBE32F773EB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004C435141BEC90A2FB23BBE.text	03D4F455004C435141BEC90A2FB23BBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bulladacus) aenigmatica (Malloch 1931)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bulladacus) aenigmatica (Malloch, 1931)</p> <p>Figure 6</p> <p>Distribution. Samoa (Savai’i).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Record in Samoa: MELIACEAE: Aglaia samoensis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004C435141BEC90A2FB23BBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004D435041BEC8E82E303BE2.text	03D4F455004D435041BEC8E82E303BE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aterrima (Drew 1972)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aterrima (Drew, 1972)</p> <p>Figure 10</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Kolombangara, Isabel, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004D435041BEC8E82E303BE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004D435041BEC9E52E3038C5.text	03D4F455004D435041BEC9E52E3038C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atra (Malloch 1938)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atra (Malloch, 1938)</p> <p>Figure 11</p> <p>Distribution. French Polynesia (Austral Islands: Raivavae).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004D435041BEC9E52E3038C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004D435041BECA802E303928.text	03D4F455004D435041BECA802E303928.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atrabifasciata Drew and Romig 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atrabifasciata Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 12</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Gizo, Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004D435041BECA802E303928	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004D435041BECB9F2F3D3F7D.text	03D4F455004D435041BECB9F2F3D3F7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) bancroftii (Tryon 1927)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) bancroftii (Tryon, 1927)</p> <p>Figure 13</p> <p>Distribution. Indonesia (West Timor). Australia (Queensland). Papua New Guinea (mainland). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol (weak attraction).</p> <p>Host plants. Category D minor pest bred from mulberry in Australia (Vargas et al. 2015). Bred from Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner and Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) in Australia (Hancock et al. 2000). Records in Papua New Guinea: EUPHORBIACEAE: Pimelodendron amboinicum. RUBIACEAE: Nauclea orientalis, Neolamarckia cadamba.</p> <p>Notes. The Solomon Islands record is based on a single specimen collected in 1995 from a methyl eugenol trap in Dodo Creek (Guadalcanal) (Drew and Romig 2001).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004D435041BECB9F2F3D3F7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004D435041BECD682E303C62.text	03D4F455004D435041BECD682E303C62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) biarcuata (Walker 1865)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) biarcuata (Walker, 1865)</p> <p>Figure 14</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, San Cristobal).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004D435041BECD682E303C62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004D435041BECE652E303D66.text	03D4F455004D435041BECE652E303D66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Neozeugodacus) buinensis Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Neozeugodacus) buinensis Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 15</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Kolombangara, Guadalcanal, San Cristobal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004D435041BECE652E303D66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004E435341BEC8E82F473867.text	03D4F455004E435341BEC8E82F473867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) caledoniensis Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) caledoniensis Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 16</p> <p>Distribution. New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. CONVOLVULACEAE: Distimake tuberosus. GENTIANACEAE: Fagraea berteroana. RHIZOPHO- RACEAE: Crossostylis multiflora.</p> <p>Biology. Rarely collected on the mainland, but abundant on Loyalty Islands (Amice and Sales 1997a). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 102.</p> <p>Notes. This species is a member of the B. frauenfeldi complex.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004E435341BEC8E82F473867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004E435341BECBA62E303EF2.text	03D4F455004E435341BECBA62E303EF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) confluens (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) confluens (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>(= Bactrocera honiarae Drew, 1989)</p> <p>Figure 18</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Kolombangara, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004E435341BECBA62E303EF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004E435341BECA5D2D02393D.text	03D4F455004E435341BECA5D2D02393D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Calodacus) calophylli (Perkins and May 1949)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Calodacus) calophylli (Perkins and May, 1949)</p> <p>Figure 17</p> <p>Distribution. India (Andaman Island). Thailand. Peninsular Malaysia. Singapore. Australia (Queensland). Papua New Guinea (mainland). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Vanuatu (Santo). Palau.</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Records in Palau, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu: CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum, C. peekelii.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004E435341BECA5D2D02393D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004F435541BEC8E828E03E3A.text	03D4F455004F435541BEC8E828E03E3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) curvipennis (Froggatt 1909)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) curvipennis (Froggatt, 1909)</p> <p>Figure 19</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 103). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure, isoeugenol. Isoeugenol is a more potent attractant than cue-lure for that species, which is also attracted to a lesser extent to dihydroeugenol (Royer et al. 2019a).</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 42 host species in 20 families. ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica. ANNONACEAE: Annona reticulata, A. squamosa. APOCYNACEAE: Cascabela thevetia, Ochrosia elliptica. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa. CONVOLVULACEAE: Distimake tuberosus. EBENACEAE: Diospyros macrocarpa. LOGANIACEAE: Neuburgia novocaledonica. MALPIGHIA- CEAE: Malpighia glabra. MORACEAE: Ficus pancheriana, Morus alba. MYRTACEAE: Eugenia uniflora, Psidium acutangulum, P. cattleianum, P. guajava, Syzygium jambos, S. malaccense. OLACACEAE: Ximenia americana. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora foetida. RHAMNACEAE: Ziziphus jujuba. ROSACEAE: Eriobotrya japonica, Fragaria vesca, Prunus domestica, P. persica, P. simonii. RUBIACEAE: Coffea arabica, Coffea sp., Guettarda speciosa. RUTACEAE: Casimiroa edulis, Citrus japonica, C. × latifolia, C. maxima, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, Citrus sinensis. SOLANACEAE: Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicum.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Acerola, cashew, coffee, common guava, custard apple, grapefruit, jujube, kumquat, loquat, Malay-apple, mango, nectarine, orange, papaya, peach, plum, pomelo, rose-apple, starfruit, strawberry, strawberry guava, sugar-apple, Surinam cherry, sweet pepper, Tahitian lime, tangerine, tomato, tropical almond, white mulberry, white sapote, wild watermelon, yellow plum.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate in the morning, just after dawn, which is unique among all Dacinae (Mille 2010). Under laboratory conditions, eggs hatch after 2.25 days and larval development takes about nine days (Mille 2010). Formerly the dominant species in New Caledonia, abundant throughout the year around Nouméa (Cochereau 1970), it became uncommon after the introduction of B. tryoni (Amice and Sales 1997a). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 104 and in Cochereau (1970).</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance of immature stages investigated in New Caledonia by Sales et al. (1997).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004F435541BEC8E828E03E3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550048435541BECCAD2FE63F3F.text	03D4F4550048435541BECCAD2FE63F3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) decumana (Drew 1972)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) decumana (Drew, 1972)</p> <p>Figure 20</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Record in Solomon Islands: SAPOTACEAE: Burckella sp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550048435541BECCAD2FE63F3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550048435541BECDA62E733D1D.text	03D4F4550048435541BECDA62E733D1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) distincta (Malloch 1931)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) distincta (Malloch, 1931)</p> <p>Figure 21</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 105). Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Lau Group, Rotuma). Futuna. Tonga (Tongatapu Group, Ha’apai Group, Vava’u Group, Niuas Group). Samoa (Savai’i, Manono, Upolu). American Samoa.</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure</p> <p>Host plants. Category C oligophagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from eight host species in three families. Records in Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga: MYRTACEAE: Eugenia brasiliensis. RUTACEAE: Citrus maxima. SAPO- TACEAE: Burckella richii, Chrysophyllum cainito, Manilkara zapota, Planchonella costata, P. membranacea, Pouteria caimito.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Abiu, Brazil cherry, pomelo, sapodilla, star-apple.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figures 106 and 107, and also published in Litsinger et al. (1991).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550048435541BECDA62E733D1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550049435941BECCC82DED39C8.text	03D4F4550049435941BECCC82DED39C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel 1912)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel, 1912)</p> <p>Oriental fruit fly</p> <p>(= Musca ferruginea Fabricius, 1794, Chaetodacus ferrugineus var. okinawanus Shiraki, 1933, Dacus semifemoralis Tseng, Chen and Chu, 1992, Dacus yilanensis Tseng, Chen and Chu, 1992, Bactrocera papayae Drew and Hancock, 1994, Bactrocera philippinensis Drew and Hancock, 1994, Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005, Bactrocera variabilis Lin and Wang, 2011)</p> <p>Figures 22–24</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 108). Widespread throughout tropical Asia, from Pakistan to Taiwan and south to Indonesia and mainland New Guinea (introduced). Introduced to Africa and various islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans (see map in Vargas et al. 2015). Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Aitutaki; detected 2013, eradicated 2014). French Polynesia (Austral Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu-Gambier Islands, Marquesas; detected 1996). Hawaii (all islands; detected 1945). Palau (detected 1996). Guam and Northern Mariana Islands (detected 1935, eradicated 1965). Nauru (detected 1992, eradicated 1999).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol, zingerone, methyl-isoeugenol (Royer et al. 2018). Very weak attraction to isoeugenol and dihydroeugenol (Royer et al. 2018).</p> <p>Host plants. Highly polyphagous category A fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) with reliable published records for 500 host taxa in 219 genera and 81 families (Allwood et al. 1999; Liquido et al. 2021). Records in French Polynesia, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, and Papua New Guinea: ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica, Spondias dulcis. ANNONACEAE: Annona muricata, A. reticulata, Cananga odorata, Rollinia</p> <p>sp. APOCYNACEAE: Ochrosia sp. BURSERACEAE: Canarium vulgare. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. CLUSIACEAE: Garcinia × mangostana. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. LAURACEAE: Persea americana. LECYTHIDACEAE: Barringtonia edulis. MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis. MUSACEAE: Musa × paradisiaca, M. troglodytarum, Musa sp. MYRTA- CEAE: Eugenia uniflora, Psidium cattleianum, P. guajava, Syzygium jambos, S. malaccense. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora edulis, P. laurifolia, P. quadrangularis. RUTACEAE: Citrus aurantiifolia, C. aurantium, C. × latifolia, C. maxima, C. × microcarpa, C. reticulata, C. sinensis, C. trifoliata. SAP- INDACEAE: Litchi chinensis, Nephelium lappaceum, Pometia pinnata. SAPOTACEAE: Chrysophyllum cainito, Pouteria caimito. SOLANACEAE: Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, Solanum lycopersicum.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names (records in French Polynesia, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, and Papua New Guinea). Abiu, avocado, banana, breadfruit, calamondin, cashew, chilli pepper, common guava, custard apple, fe’i banana, giant granadilla, Jew plum, lime, lychee, Malay-apple, mango, mangosteen, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, pomelo, purple granadilla, rambutan, rose-apple, sour orange, soursop, star-apple, starfruit, strawberry guava, Surinam cherry, sweet pepper, Tahitian chestnut, Tahitian lime, tangerine, tomato, trifoliate orange, tropical almond, yellow granadilla.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk, starting 11 days after emergence (Arakaki et al. 1984). In Hawaii, at 24°C, eggs hatch in 1.8 days, larval development takes 7.9 days and the pupal stage lasts 12.6 days (Vargas et al. 1996). Monthly trapping data published in Leblanc et al. (2014) and illustrated on Figure 109. The parasitoids Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and Diachasminorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) were introduced to Hawaii in 1948 to control B. dorsalis. Both parasitoids were introduced to French Polynesia in 2003 to control the same target pest (Vargas et al. 2007, 2012a, 2012b; Leblanc et al. 2013b). Fopius arisanus was also bred from B. dorsalis and B. frauenfeldi in Palau, believed to have been introduced several decades earlier to control B. frauenfeldi (Leblanc et al. 2015).</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance of immature stages studied in Hawaii (Jang 1986, 1991).</p> <p>This species’ presence in Palau was confirmed by R.A.I. Drew in 1996, who originally identified it as B. dorsalis (Leblanc 1997). He later rectified the determination as B. philippinensis Drew and Hancock and B. occipitalis (Bezzi), both members of the B. dorsalis complex, based on specimens bred from host fruit in Palau in 2001 (SPC, 2001). A decade later, Drew re-examined the reared specimens and further rectified the identification as B. papayae Drew and Hancock (Leblanc et al. 2012; Drew and Romig 2013). The species identity in Palau reverted to B. dorsalis again, consequent to the designation of B. papayae as junior synonym of B. dorsalis (Schutze et al. 2015), and the absence of B. occipitalis was confirmed by more recent trapping surveys and host fruit rearing in Palau (Leblanc et al. 2015). Although not all taxonomists agree with the broader species concept of B. dorsalis and regard the introduced Palau and New Guinea populations as B. papayae (e.g., Drew and Romig 2016, 2022), divergent views on species identity will not affect the approach used in controlling this severe fruit pest (Vargas et al., 2015).</p> <p>Oriental fruit fly was eradicated by male annihilation from the Marianas Islands in 1965 (Steiner et al. 1965a, 1965b, 1970) and Nauru in 2000 (Allwood et al. 2002). Unsuccessful eradication attempts in French Polynesia were followed by the introduction in 2003 of the parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Hawaii, which notably reduced the overall population (Vargas et al. 2007, 2012a, 2012b; Leblanc et al. 2013b). It was detected and promptly eradicated from the Cook Islands (Rarotonga and Aitutaki) in 2013 (Vargas et al. 2014).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550049435941BECCC82DED39C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550044435941BECBFF2E453E96.text	03D4F4550044435941BECBFF2E453E96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) ebenea (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) ebenea (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 25</p> <p>Distribution. New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p> <p>Biology. Rarely collected on the mainland, but abundant on the Loyalty Islands (Amice and Sales 1997a). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 110.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550044435941BECBFF2E453E96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550045435841BECB9E289C3ED0.text	03D4F4550045435841BECB9E289C3ED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) enochra (Drew 1972)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) enochra (Drew, 1972)</p> <p>Figure 26</p> <p>Distribution. PNG (mainland, New Britain, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Gizo, Kolombangara, Isabel, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Record in Papua New Guinea: STEMONURACEAE: Medusanthera laxiflora.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550045435841BECB9E289C3ED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550045435841BECC942E263FDA.text	03D4F4550045435841BECC942E263FDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) epicharis (Hardy 1970)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) epicharis (Hardy, 1970)</p> <p>Figure 27</p> <p>Distribution. Indonesia (Moluccas). Papua New Guinea (Mussau Island). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Kolombangara, Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550045435841BECC942E263FDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550045435B41BECD8A299639F8.text	03D4F4550045435B41BECD8A299639F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) facialis (Coquillett 1909)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) facialis (Coquillett, 1910)</p> <p>(= Dacus virgatus Coquillett 1910, NEW SYNONYM; Dacus tongensis Froggatt, 1910)</p> <p>Figure 28</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 103). Tonga (Tongatapu Group, Ha’apai Group, Vava’u Group).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 64 host species in 30 families. ANA- CARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica, Pleiogynium timoriense. ANNONACEAE: Annona muricata, Artabotrys hexapetalus, Cananga odorata. APOCYNACEAE: Alyxia bracteolosa, A. stellata, Cerbera manghas, Melodinus vitiensis, Ochrosia oppositifolia, Tabernaemontana pandacaqui. ASPARAGACEAE: Dracaena angustifolia. BORAGINACEAE: Cordia subcordata. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. CARDIOP- TERIDACEAE: Citronella samoensis. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. CHRYSOBALANACEAE: Atuna racemosa. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa, T. litoralis. EBENACEAE: Diospyros samoensis. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. HERNANDIACEAE: Hernandia nymphaeifolia. LAURACEAE: Persea americana. LECYTHIDACEAE: Barringtonia asiatica. MALVACEAE: Grewia prunifolia. MELIACEAE: Aglaia saltatorum, Vavaea amicorum. MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis. MUSACEAE: Musa x paradisiaca. MYRTACEAE: Eugenia uniflora, Psidium guajava, Syzygium corynocarpum, S. jambos, S. malaccense, S. neurocalyx, S. richii. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora edulis, P. foetida, P. ligularis, P. quadrangularis. ROSACEAE: Prunus persica. RUBIACEAE: Gardenia taitensis, Guettarda speciosa. RUTACEAE: Citrus aurantium, C. limon, C. maxima, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, C. sinensis, Micromelum minutum. SALICACEAE: Xylosma orbiculata. SANTALACEAE: Santalum yasi. SAPINDACEAE: Elattostachys apetala, Pometia pinnata. SAPOTACEAE: Chrysophyllum cainito, Manilkara zapota, Planchonella membranacea. SOLANACEAE: Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, Solanum lycopersicum, S. mauritianum, S. melongena. THYMELAEACEAE: Phaleria disperma.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Avocado, banana, breadfruit, cashew, chilli pepper, common guava, eggplant, giant granadilla, grapefruit, lemon, Malay-apple, mango, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, peach, pomelo, purple granadilla, rose-apple, sapodilla, sour orange, soursop, star-apple, Surinam cherry, sweet granadilla, sweet pepper, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tomato, tropical almond, wild watermelon.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood 1997). At 26°C, egg hatch starts after 46 hours, and most eggs hatch between 51 and 60 hours. Larval development takes 7 to 9 days and pupal period is 12 to 13 days (Nemeye 1995). Adults are common in both village and forest habitats (Leweniqila et al. 1997b). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 111, in Litsinger et al. (1991) and in Leweniqila et al. (1997b). This species is parasitized by Fopius arisanus and Psyttalia fijiensis (Fullaway) in Tonga (Heimoana et al. 1997; Vargas et al. 2012a).</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance of immature stages studied in Tonga (Foliaki and Armstrong 1997). Dacus virgatus Coquillett 1910, was considered a junior synonym of B. psidii by Malloch (1931), but is actually a synonym of B. facialis, based on a careful examination of the holotype of D. virgatus, deposited at the Smithsonian Institution, by Allen Norrbom.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550045435B41BECD8A299639F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550046435D41BECBEF2D103F24.text	03D4F4550046435D41BECBEF2D103F24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) frauenfeldi (Schiner 1868)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) frauenfeldi (Schiner, 1868)</p> <p>Mango fruit fly</p> <p>Figures 29, 30</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 112). Indonesia (Moluccas, West Papua). Australia (Queensland; detected 1974). Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Manus, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz, Reef Islands). Palau. Federated States of Micronesia (widespread). Marshall Islands (widespread). Kiribati (Gilbert Islands). Nauru. The frequently quoted record from Sapian, based on a specimen collected in 1946 (Hardy and Adachi 1956), is likely erroneous or an accidental introduction that failed to establish. This species was never detected in the Mariana Islands in subsequent years (Leblanc 1997).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure, zingerone.</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 100 hosts in 35 families throughout its range. Records in Federated Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands: ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Dracontomelon dao, Mangifera indica, M. minor, Spondias dulcis. ANNONACEAE: Annona muricata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa, Cananga odorata. APOCYNA- CEAE: Cerbera manghas, Ochrosia oppositifolia. ARECACEAE: Areca catechu. AURACARIACEAE: Agathis sp. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum, C. peekelii, Mammea odorata. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. CELASTRACEAE: Celastrus sp. CLUSIACEAE: Garcinia x mangostana, G. xanthochymus. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia carolinensis, T. catappa, T. kaernbacchii, T. samoensis, T. whitmorei. EBENACEAE: Diospyros ebenum, D. nigra. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. GOODENIACEAE: Scaevola taccada. HERNANDIACEAE: Hernandia sp. LAURACEAE: Persea americana. LECYTHIDACEAE: Barringtonia calyptrocalyx, B. edulis. MALPIGHIA- CEAE: Malpighia glabra. MALVACEAE: Heritiera sp. MELASTOMATACEAE: Melastoma malabathricum. MELIACEAE: Sandoricum koetjape. MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis, A. heterophyllus, A. mariannensis, Broussonetia papyrifera, Ficus glandifera, Ficus sp. MUSACEAE: Musa x paradisiaca. MYRTACEAE: Eugenia uniflora, Psidium cattleianum, P. guajava, Syzygium aqueum, S. cf. pachycladum, S. jambos, S. malaccense, S. samarangense, S. trivene. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora edulis. PHYLLANTHACEAE:</p> <p>Baccaurea papuana, Baccaurea sp. RUBIACEAE: Guettarda speciosa, Nauclea sp., Neolamarckia cadamba. RUTACEAE: Citrus aurantium, C. japonica, C. maxima, C. × microcarpa, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, C. sinensis, Clymenia polyandra. SAPINDACEAE: Pometia pinnata. SAPOTACEAE: Burckella obovata, Chrysophyllum cainito, Manilkara zapota, Pouteria caimito, P. campechiana. SOLANACEAE: Capsicum frutescens. THYME- LAEACEAE: Phaleria macrocarpa.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Abiu, acerola, avocado, banana, betel nut, black sapote, breadfruit, calamondin, canistel, cashew, common guava, custard apple, grapefruit, jackfruit, Jew plum, kumquat, Malay-apple, mango, mangosteen, Marianas breadfruit, okari nut, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, pomelo, purple granadilla, rose-apple, sapodilla, sour orange, soursop, star-apple, starfruit, strawberry guava, sugar-apple, Surinam cherry, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tropical almond, water apple, watery rose-apple.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate during the day (Allwood 1997). Rate of development was studied on papaya-based diet, at 26° C, by Leblanc and Hollingsworth (1997). One female can lay an average of at least 25 eggs in 24 hours. Egg incubation lasts about two days. Almost all larvae go through the first instar between 48 and 72 hours after egg laying. Between 96 and 108 hours, over 90% have reached the second instar in Micronesia (FSM) (68 and 80 hours in Solomon Islands). Third instars appear 120 hours after egg laying and nearly 90% have reached this stage by 192 hours in FSM, but appeared (92 hours) and matured (128 hours) earlier in the Solomon Islands. By 204 hours, mature larvae start to exit the diet to pupate and the largest numbers of larvae have exited at 252 hours. Larval development and pupal stage duration is 11 days.</p> <p>This species is very common in village situations, even on remote atolls, where host trees abound, and is much less common in rainforest. Monthly trapping data are illustrated on Figures 113 and 114, and were previously published in Leblanc and Allwood (1997) and Vagalo et al. (1997). This species is particularly abundant on Pohnpei and Kosrae Islands (Federated States of Micronesia), sustained by the high rainfall and abundant host fruit availability throughout the year (Fig. 113) (Leblanc and Allwood 1997). Although ubiquitous in the wet tropics, it is unlikely to become a pest outside tropical zones that have even wet hot climates throughout the year (Royer et al. 2015).</p> <p>The parasitoids Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata were introduced and released in 1997 on Pohnpei and Kosrae Islands, respectively, in an attempt to reduce the very large populations of B. frauenfeldi to manageable levels (Vargas et al. 2012). Host suitability was demonstrated for both parasitoids in laboratory tests and F. arisanus was recovered in host fruit surveys in subsequent years. It is not known whether either parasitoid has become permanently established.</p> <p>Notes. Attempts to eradicate this species from Nauru between 1998 and 2001, using male annihilation and limited protein bait sprays, were unsuccessful (Allwood et al. 2002).</p> <p>This species is the main member of the B. frauenfeldi complex, which also includes B. caledoniensis, B. parafrauenfeldi Drew, B. trilineola and the phylogenetically closely related B. kirki and B. psidii (Doorenweerd et al. 2022).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550046435D41BECBEF2D103F24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550040435D41BECDA82F5E3CE3.text	03D4F4550040435D41BECDA82F5E3CE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) froggatti (Bezzi 1919)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) froggatti (Bezzi, 1928)</p> <p>Figure 31</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p> <p>Biology. Monthly trapping data are illustrated on Figure 115.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550040435D41BECDA82F5E3CE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550040435D41BECEEA2E973DD7.text	03D4F4550040435D41BECEEA2E973DD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) fulvifacies (Perkins 1939)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) fulvifacies (Perkins, 1939)</p> <p>Figure 32</p> <p>Distribution. New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou). Male lure. Zingerone (strong attractant) and cue-lure (weak attractant) (Royer et al. 2019a). Host plants. OLEACEAE: Olea paniculata.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550040435D41BECEEA2E973DD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550041435F41BECE332D413DD8.text	03D4F4550041435F41BECE332D413DD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) furvescens Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) furvescens Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 33</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p> <p>Notes. The Solomon Islands record of this species, otherwise known only from Papua New Guinea, is based on a single specimen collected in 1971 in Honiara (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) geminosimulata Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021</p> <p>Figure 34</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p> <p>Notes. This species is nearly identical to B. simulata (Fig. 79) in appearance (Leblanc et al. 2021). It is however genetically distinct and distinguished by a subtle but consistent difference in the extent of wing infuscation (Leblanc et al. 2021).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550041435F41BECE332D413DD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550043435E41BEC9FF2EDD38D2.text	03D4F4550043435E41BEC9FF2EDD38D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) grandistylus Drew and Hancock 1995	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) grandistylus Drew and Hancock, 1995</p> <p>Figure 36</p> <p>Distribution. New Caledonia (Maré).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. EBENACEAE: Diospyros fasciculosa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550043435E41BEC9FF2EDD38D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550043435E41BECBD82F313FD2.text	03D4F4550043435E41BECBD82F313FD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) hollingsworthi Drew and Romig 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) hollingsworthi Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 38</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Santa Cruz).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p> <p>Notes. In their original description, Drew and Romig (2001) refer to specimens from Santa Cruz Island with postpronotal lobes yellow and anteriorly black, and with irregularly shaped sublateral markings on the abdomen (Fig. 38C). Fresh specimens I collected in Kolombangara in 2018 have black postpronotal lobes and extensive black lateral markings on the abdomen (Fig. 38-D). Until fresh specimens from Santa Cruz are available for molecular comparison, I tentatively assigned the Kolombangara specimens as a variant of B. hollingsworthi, rather than describe them as a new species (Leblanc et al. 2021).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550043435E41BECBD82F313FD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550043435E41BEC8E82E8A3BC7.text	03D4F4550043435E41BEC8E82E8A3BC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bulladacus) gnetum Drew and Hancock. A 1995	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bulladacus) gnetum Drew and Hancock, 1995</p> <p>Figure 35</p> <p>Distribution. Fiji (Vanua Levu).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. GNETACEAE: Gnetum gnemon.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550043435E41BEC8E82E8A3BC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F4550043435E41BECA932E4139EB.text	03D4F4550043435E41BECA932E4139EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Calodacus) hastigerina (Hardy 1954)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Calodacus) hastigerina (Hardy, 1954)</p> <p>Figure 37</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (New Britain). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category D minor pest (Vargas et al. 2015). Host plant in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands: ANACARDIACEAE: Spondias dulcis.</p> <p>Edible host common name: Jew plum.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F4550043435E41BECA932E4139EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F455004343A141BECD9228A538D6.text	03D4F455004343A141BECD9228A538D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) kirki (Froggatt 1911)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) kirki (Froggatt, 1910)</p> <p>Figure 39</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 112). Fiji (Rotuma). Futuna. Wallis. Samoa (Savai’i, Manono, Upolu). American Samoa. Tonga (Tongatapu Group, Ha’apai Group, Vava’u Group, Niuas Group). Niue. French Polynesia (Austral Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu-Gambier Islands; detected 1928).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 43 host species in 17 families. Host plants in French Polynesia, Samoa and Tonga: ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica, Pleiogynium timoriense, Spondias dulcis, S. mombin. ANNONACEAE: Annona muricata, A. reticulata. APOCYNACEAE: Ochrosia oppositifolia. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa, T. litoralis. ELAEOCARPACEAE: Elaeocarpus tonganus. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. LAURACEAE: Persea americana. MELIACEAE: Cedrela odorata, Eugenia brasiliensis, E. uniflora, Psidium cattleianum, P. guajava, Syzygium aqueum, S. corynocarpum, S. dealatum, S. gracilipes, S. jambos, S. malaccense, S. neurocalyx, S. richii. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora edulis, P. quadrangularis. ROSA- CEAE: Eriobotrya japonica, Prunus persica. RUBIACEAE: Morinda citrifolia. RUTACEAE: Citrus maxima, C. reticulata, C. sinensis, Micromelum minutum. SAPINDACEAE: Pometia pinnata. SAPOTACEAE: Pouteria caimito. SOLANACEAE: Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, Solanum lycopersicum, S. melongena.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Abiu, avocado, Brazil cherry, cashew, chilli pepper, common guava, custard apple, eggplant, giant granadilla, hog-plum, Jew plum, loquat, Malay-apple, mango, noni, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, peach, pomelo, purple granadilla, rose-apple, soursop, starfruit, strawberry guava, Surinam cherry, sweet pepper, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tomato, tropical almond, watery rose-apple.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate late morning to early afternoon, when light intensity is highest (Allwood 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 116, and in Litsinger et al. (1991). This species is parasitized by Fopius arisanus in Tonga and Samoa and Pstyttalia fijiensis in Tonga (Heimoana et al. 1997; Vargas et al. 2012a).</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance of immature stages investigated in Samoa (Tunupopo et al. 2019).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F455004343A141BECD9228A538D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BD43A041BEC98429663996.text	03D4F45500BD43A041BEC98429663996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel 1915)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel, 1915)</p> <p>Solanum fruit fly</p> <p>(= Dacus amoyensis Froggatt, 1909, Chaetodacus antennalis Shiraki, 1933)</p> <p>Figure 41</p> <p>Distribution. Widespread in tropical Asia, from India to Taiwan, and south to Sulawesi. Introduced to Hawaii (detected 1983) and Africa (Drew and Romig 2013; Vargas et al. 2015).</p> <p>Male lure. Latilure (alpha-ionol and cade oil) (McQuate and Peck 2001).</p> <p>Host plants. Category A fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) recorded from 59 host taxa in 25 genera and 13 families (Allwood et al. 1999; McQuate and Liquido 2016). The family Solanaceae contains the major host species and B. latifrons is a significant pest of Capsicum and Solanum species (Drew and Romig 2013).</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Jackson and Long 1997). In Hawaii, at 24°C, eggs hatch in 3.2 days, larval development takes 9.0 days and pupal stage lasts 13.0 days (Vargas et al. 1996).</p> <p>Notes. Variants of this species, with extensive dark coloration on the abdomen and bases of femora, have been characterized and illustrated in Doorenweerd and Leblanc (2018). The trilobed aculeus (Fig. 98 in Drew and Romig 2013) is characteristic. Heat tolerance of immature stages was studied in Hawaii (Jang et al. 1999).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BD43A041BEC98429663996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BD43A041BECBD12DE03F86.text	03D4F45500BD43A041BECBD12DE03F86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) longicornis Macquart 1835	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) longicornis Macquart, 1835</p> <p>Figure 42</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (New Britain). Solomon Islands (Ghaghe Island, in Isabel Province).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p> <p>Notes. This was the first species to be described from Oceania, the earliest use of the generic name Bactrocera, published by Macquart (1835), and the second dacine fly species described, preceded only by the description of Musca oleae Rossi, 1790 (now known as Bacrocera oleae). This historic species description is reproduced on Figure 2.</p> <p>Former New Ireland and Bougainville records of B. longicornis actually are of B. denigrata (Drew, 1971), declared a junior synonym of B. longicornis by Hardy (1976) and reinstated as a valid species by Drew and Romig (2022), based on the examination of specimens collected in East New Britain by the author of this publication, among which the one on Figure 42. The differences between the two species are outlined in Drew and Romig (2022). No additional specimens of B. longicornis have been collected in the Solomon Islands, other than Macquart’s original holotype.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BD43A041BECBD12DE03F86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BD43A041BECE3E2EFC3C84.text	03D4F45500BD43A041BECE3E2EFC3C84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) luteola (Malloch 1931)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) luteola (Malloch, 1931)</p> <p>(= Dacus incertus Malloch, 1938)</p> <p>Figure 43</p> <p>Distribution. French Polynesia (Bora Bora, Hao, Makatea, Rangiroa, Tetiaroa).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. RUBIACEAE: Guettarda speciosa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BD43A041BECE3E2EFC3C84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BD43A041BEC8E82E263BC1.text	03D4F45500BD43A041BEC8E82E263BC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) kolombangarae Leblanc and Doorenweerd 2021	<div><p>Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) kolombangarae Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021</p> <p>Figure 40</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Zingerone.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BD43A041BEC8E82E263BC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BD43A341BECEC32E263B49.text	03D4F45500BD43A341BECEC32E263B49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) melanogaster Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) melanogaster Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 44</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BD43A341BECEC32E263B49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BE43A241BEC97D28BE3B41.text	03D4F45500BE43A241BEC97D28BE3B41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) melanotus (Coquillett 1909)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) melanotus (Coquillett, 1910)</p> <p>(= Dacus rarotongae, Froggatt, 1910)</p> <p>Figure 45</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 103). Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Mauke, Mitiaro, Atiu, Aitutaki).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 31 host species in 18 families. ANA- CARDIACEAE: Mangifera indica. ANNONACEAE: Annona cherimola, A. squamosa. ARALIACEAE: Meryta pauciflora. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. GENTIANACEAE: Fagraea berteroana. LAURACEAE: Persea americana. MELASTOMATACEAE: Melastoma sp. MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis, A. heterophyllus. MYRTA- CEAE: Eugenia uniflora, Psidium cattleianum, P. guajava, Syzygium cumini, S. jambos. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. ROSACEAE: Eriobotrya japonica. RUBIACEAE: Coffea arabica, Guettarda speciosa, Morinda citrifolia. RUTACEAE: Citrus maxima, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, C. sinensis. SAPOTACEAE: Manilkara zapota. SOLANA- CEAE: Solanum lycopersicum, S. mauritianum, S. melongena.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Avocado, breadfruit, cherimoya, coffee, common guava, eggplant, grapefruit, jackfruit, Java plum, loquat, mango, noni, orange, papaya, pomelo, rose-apple, sapodilla, starfruit, strawberry guava, sugar-apple, Surinam cherry, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tomato, tropical almond.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate between late morning and early afternoon, with increasing light intensity (Allwood 1997). Rate of development was studied by Kassim (1993). At 27°C in papaya, egg hatch starts after 36 hours, 79% of larvae have reached second instar by 72 hours, 88% reached third instar by 120 hours, larval popping starts by 156 hours, and 88% have exited host by 168 hours. Adult longevity is 30 weeks under lab conditions. Oviposition starts after three weeks and peaks during weeks 6 to 9, and a female lays 318 eggs over 126 days. This species is more common inland than in coastal areas, unlike B. xanthodes, and population peaks occur in the cooler months of June and July (Leweniqila et al. 1997b; Purea et al. 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 117, and published in Leweniqila et al. (1997b). It is parasitized by Fopius arisanus in the Cook Islands (Vargas et al. 2012a).</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance was studied in Cook Islands. Late eggs, near hatching time, are the most heat tolerant of all the species and development stages studied in the Pacific (Waddell et al. 1997a, 1997b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BE43A241BEC97D28BE3B41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BF43A241BEC90528D63831.text	03D4F45500BF43A241BEC90528D63831.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) minuta (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) minuta (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 46</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Santa Cruz). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Pentecost, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Host records in Vanuatu: APOCYNACEAE: Cerbera manghas, C. odollam. MORACEAE: Antiaris toxicaria.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 118.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BF43A241BEC90528D63831	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BF43A241BECAB52D2D3E10.text	03D4F45500BF43A241BECAB52D2D3E10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) moluccensis (Perkins 1939)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) moluccensis (Perkins, 1939)</p> <p>Figure 47</p> <p>Distribution. Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Bali, Lombok, Moluccas). Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure, zingerone (weak attraction) (Royer et al. 2018).</p> <p>Host plants. Category C pest (Vargas et al. 2015). Host record in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands: FABA- CEAE: Inocarpus fagifer.</p> <p>Edible host common name: Tahitian chestnut.</p> <p>Biology. Contrary to other species that consume the outer fleshy part of Tahitian chestnut, B. moluccensis larvae damage the entire fruit, including the inner nut (Leblanc et al. 2001a). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 119.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BF43A241BECAB52D2D3E10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BF43A541BECC572E263C30.text	03D4F45500BF43A541BECC572E263C30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) morula Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) morula Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 48</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (New Britain). Solomon Islands (Gizo, Guadalcanal, San Cristobal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BF43A541BECC572E263C30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B843A441BECEB72F7639B9.text	03D4F45500B843A441BECEB72F7639B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) mucronis (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) mucronis (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 49</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 105). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category D minor pest (Vargas et al. 2015). ANNONACEAE: Annona reticulata. APOCYNACEAE: Cascabela thevetia, Cerbera manghas. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa. EUPHORBIACEAE: Fontainea pancheri. MYRTACEAE: Psidium guajava.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Common guava, custard apple, tropical almond.</p> <p>Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 120.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B843A441BECEB72F7639B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B943A441BECC2D2E433E9D.text	03D4F45500B943A441BECC2D2E433E9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) naucleae Drew and Romig. A 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) naucleae Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 50</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Isabel, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. RUBIACEAE: Nauclea sp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B943A441BECC2D2E433E9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B943A441BECCC82E263F81.text	03D4F45500B943A441BECCC82E263F81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) neonigrita Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) neonigrita Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 51</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B943A441BECCC82E263F81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B943A441BECDC52DE13DD6.text	03D4F45500B943A441BECDC52DE13DD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Notodacus) neoxanthodes Drew and Romig 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Notodacus) neoxanthodes Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 52</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 121). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Santo, Efate).</p> <p>Male lure. Isoeugenol, dihydroeugenol (NEW LURE RECORDS). Isoeugenol is the most attractive of the two lures.</p> <p>Host plants. LECYTHIDACEAE: Barringtonia edulis. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora suberosa.</p> <p>Notes. This species is a non-pest member species of the Bactrocera xanthodes complex (Drew et al. 1997). Drew (1989) originally recorded it as B. xanthodes in Vanuatu. Based on its unusual host record, Waterhouse (1993) suspected it might be a separate species, later confirmed by Hoeben et al. (1996) and Drew et al. (1997), who initially included it under B. paraxanthodes (Drew and Hancock 1995), and later described it as B. neoxanthodes (Drew and Romig 2001).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B943A441BECDC52DE13DD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BA43A741BECD302E263C5B.text	03D4F45500BA43A741BECD302E263C5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrescentis (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrescentis (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 53</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Manus, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BA43A741BECD302E263C5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BA43A741BECE0A2F313D47.text	03D4F45500BA43A741BECE0A2F313D47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) obliquivenosa Drew and Romig 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) obliquivenosa Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 54</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts.</p> <p>Notes. This species is known only from its holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BA43A741BECE0A2F313D47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BB43A641BEC8E82F763B8B.text	03D4F45500BB43A641BEC8E82F763B8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) obscura (Malloch 1931)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) obscura (Malloch, 1931)</p> <p>Figure 55</p> <p>Distribution. Fiji (Rotuma Island only). Futuna. Wallis. Samoa (Savai’i, Manono, Upolu). American Samoa. Tonga (Tongatapu Group, Vava’u Group, Niuas Group). Niue.</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known hosts. Adults were bred from an unidentified fruit in Fiji.</p> <p>Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 122.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BB43A641BEC8E82F763B8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BB43A641BECA3B291039AD.text	03D4F45500BB43A641BECA3B291039AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) ochrosiae (Malloch 1942)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) ochrosiae (Malloch, 1942)</p> <p>Figure 56</p> <p>Distribution. Guam. Northern Mariana Islands. Hawaii (Molokai; dubious record).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. APOCYNACEAE: Ochrosia mariannensis, Ochrosia sp. MELIACEAE: Aglaia mariannensis. MYRTACEAE: Eugenia uniflora. OLACACEAE: Ximenia americana.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Surinam cherry, yellow plum.</p> <p>Notes. Three specimens in the University of Hawaii Insect Museum, reportedly collected by John Kjargaard on Molokai Island (Hawaii) in 1972 (Anonymous 1993), were examined by the author and confirmed to belong to this species. I treat this record as highly dubious because specimens were never collected in cue-lure traps in subsequent years. Further, Hardy (1989a) referred to these specimens as “Three specimens of an apparently new species... collected in the early 1970’s by John Kjargaard, recently turned up in a pill box in the collecting bag loaned to Mr. Kjargaard by Dr. Mitchell many years ago.” It is plausible, and more likely in my opinion, that samples from the Mariana Islands may have been misplaced in the bag or pill box during those years.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BB43A641BECA3B291039AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500BB43A941BECC182E8E3B0E.text	03D4F45500BB43A941BECC182E8E3B0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Daculus) oleae (Rossi 1790)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Daculus) oleae (Rossi, 1790)</p> <p>Olive fruit fly</p> <p>Figure 57</p> <p>Distribution. Continental Africa. Réunion. Southern Europe, Middle East. Pakistan. India. California (detected 1998). Hawaii (Hawaii Island, Maui; detected 2019).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category A destructive pest of olive fruits (Vargas et al. 2015). OLEACEAE: Olea spp.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Ahmad et al. 2018). In California, females live at most six months, laying as many as 500 eggs (Rice 2000). Eggs hatch in two to three days, larval development takes about 20 days and pupal stage duration in fruit takes 8–10 days (Rice 2000).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500BB43A941BECC182E8E3B0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B443A941BECBFD2E303EF1.text	03D4F45500B443A941BECBFD2E303EF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) parafroggatti Drew and Romig 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) parafroggatti Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 60</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B443A941BECBFD2E303EF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B443A941BEC9B62E8A3815.text	03D4F45500B443A941BEC9B62E8A3815.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bulladacus) pacificae Drew and Romig. A 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bulladacus) pacificae Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 58</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal, Santa Cruz).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. GNETACEAE: Gnetum gnemon.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B443A941BEC9B62E8A3815	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B443A941BECE5D2D283DD6.text	03D4F45500B443A941BECE5D2D283DD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Notodacus)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Notodacus) new species # 1 near paraxanthodes</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 121). Samoa (Savai’i).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. ARALIACEAE: Meryta sp. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Mammea glauca. MORACEAE: Ficus sp.</p> <p>Notes. This species is an undescribed non-pest member species of the Bactrocera xanthodes complex (Drew et al. 1997). Originally treated as Samoan populations of B. paraxanthodes (Drew and Hancock 1995), it was subsequently referred to as B. sp. n. No. 1 (near paraxanthodes) in Drew et al. (1997) and Hancock and Drew (2017a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B443A941BECE5D2D283DD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B443A941BECCF52F9E3C6A.text	03D4F45500B443A941BECCF52F9E3C6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Notodacus) paraxanthodes Drew and Hancock 1995	<div><p>Bactrocera (Notodacus) paraxanthodes Drew and Hancock, 1995</p> <p>Figure 61</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 121). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou).</p> <p>Male lure. Weakly attracted to methyl eugenol. Dihydroeugenol may prove to be a more potent attractant when tested on the Loyalty Islands, where B. paraxanthodes is most common. That lure attracted one specimen on the mainland (Royer et al. 2019a), and many specimens of B. neoxanthodes in Vanuatu (new lure record).</p> <p>Host plants. APOCYNACEAE: Vincetoxicum biglandulosum (dubious record?). ARALIACEAE: Meryta sp., Plerandra gabriellae.</p> <p>Notes. This species is a non-pest member species of the Bactrocera xanthodes complex (Drew et al. 1997). The Tylophora host record was doubted by Hancock and Drew (2017a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B443A941BECCF52F9E3C6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B443A941BECA502EE039C9.text	03D4F45500B443A941BECA502EE039C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Tetradacus) pagdeni (Malloch 1939)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Tetradacus) pagdeni (Malloch, 1939)</p> <p>Figure 59</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Florida, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Zingerone.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p> <p>Notes. This species was only known by its holotype (Drew and Romig 2001) and one specimen at the Bishop Museum (Honolulu, Hawaii), until large numbers were collected with the deployment of zingerone-baited traps (Hancock and Drew 2018a, Leblanc et al. 2021).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B443A941BECA502EE039C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B543AB41BEC8E82E573859.text	03D4F45500B543AB41BEC8E82E573859.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) passiflorae (Froggatt 1911)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) passiflorae (Froggatt, 1910)</p> <p>Fijian fruit fly</p> <p>Figure 62</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 103). Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Lau Group). Futuna. Wallis. Niue.</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 48 host species in 27 families. Records in Fiji: ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica. ANNONACEAE: Annona muricata, A. reticulata, Cananga odorata. APOCYNACEAE: Cascabela thevetia, Cerbera manghas, Ochrosia oppositifolia. BIGNONIACEAE: Pyrostegia venusta. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. CHRYSO- BALANACEAE: Chrysobalanus icaco. CLUSIACEAE: Garcinia x mangostana. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa, T. litoralis. ELAEOCARPACEAE: Elaeocarpus angustifolius. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. LAURA- CEAE: Persea americana. LECYTHIDACEAE: Barringtonia edulis. LOGANIACEAE: Neuburgia corynocarpa. LYTHRACEAE: Punica granatum. MALVACEAE: Theobroma cacao. MELIACEAE: Aglaia basiphylla. MORA- CEAE: Artocarpus altilis, A. heterophyllus. MYRTACEAE: Psidium cattleianum, P. guajava, Syzygium jambos, S. malaccense, S. coarctatum. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora edulis, P. quadrangularis. RUBIACEAE: Coffea liberica, Guettarda speciosa. RUTACEAE: Citrus aurantium, C. japonica, C. limon, C. maxima, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, C. sinensis. SANTALACEAE: Santalum yasi. SAPINDACEAE: Pometia pinnata. SAPOTACEAE: Chrysophyllum cainito, Manilkara zapota, Planchonella chartacea. SIMA- BOURACEAE: Amaroria soulameoides. SOLANACEAE: Capsicum frutescens.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Avocado, breadfruit, cashew, chilli pepper, cocoa, cocoplum, coffee, common guava, custard apple, giant granadilla, giant lau lau, grapefruit, jackfruit, kumquat, lemon, Malay-apple, mango, mangosteen, orange, Pacific lychee, pomegranate, pomelo, purple granadilla, rose-apple, sapodilla, sour orange, soursop, star-apple, starfruit, strawberry guava, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tropical almond.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood et al. 1997). Rate of development studied in laboratory by Leweniqila et al. (1997a). Egg hatch begins at 36 hours and is complete by 48 hours. Pupation occurs 192-240 hours after egg laying in papaya-based diet, i.e., pupation begins at day 8 and adult eclosion begins at day 20 after oviposition. Larval development slightly longer when reared on zucchini-based diet (Leweniqila et al. 1997a). This species is present both in forest and orchard habitats, with more pronounced seasonality in forest, with peak in Feb-May, and less clear seasonal trends in orchards (Leweniqila et al. 1997b). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 123 and published in Tora Vueti et al. (1997c). This species is parasitized by Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in Fiji (Vargas et al. 2012a).</p> <p>Notes. Specimens in Fiji have uniformly black abdomen, while populations in Tonga (Niuas group), Tuvalu and Tokelau have extensive pale markings on the abdomen (Fig. 63) and have been treated as a likely new species close to B. passiflorae by Drew and Hancock (1995). Specimens collected by the author on Wallis in 2019, traditionally recognized as B. passiflorae on Wallis and Futuna, have moderate pale markings on the abdomen (Fig. 62d). Extensive sampling throughout the range of these populations and molecular characterizations are required to resolve the status of this species, and its relationship with B. samoae. Heat tolerance of immature stages investigated in Fiji (Tora Vueti et al. 1997b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B543AB41BEC8E82E573859	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B643AB41BECA0D2DD43EEA.text	03D4F45500B643AB41BECA0D2DD43EEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) species near passiflorae (sensu Drew, 1995)</p> <p>Figures 63–64</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 103). Tonga (Niuas Group). Tuvalu. Tokelau.</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category C polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 20 host species in 17 families. Records in Tonga: ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica. ANNONACEAE: Cananga odorata. APOCYNACEAE: Ochrosia oppositifolia. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. CARI- CACEAE: Carica papaya. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa, T. litoralis. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. HERNANDIACEAE: Hernandia nymphaeifolia. LAURACEAE: Persea americana. MALVACEAE: Theobroma cacao. MYRTACEAE: Psidium guajava. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora quadrangularis. RUBIACEAE: Guettarda speciosa. RUTACEAE: Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis. SAPINDACEAE: Pometia pinnata. SOLANACEAE: Solanum melongena. THYMELAEACEAE: Phaleria disperma.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Avocado, cashew, cocoa, common guava, eggplant, giant granadilla, mango, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tropical almond.</p> <p>Notes. Another similar-looking undescribed species (Fig. 64) was bred from Ochrosia oppositifolia and drawn to cue-lure in the northern interior of Viti Levu (Fiji) (Tora Vueti et al. 1997a). These two species are also virtually indistinguishable from Bactrocera samoae (Fig. 77), a species not attracted to male lures and only bred from noneconomic hosts in Samoa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B643AB41BECA0D2DD43EEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B643AB41BECE282E303C82.text	03D4F45500B643AB41BECE282E303C82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) peneobscura Drew and Romig 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) peneobscura Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 66</p> <p>Distribution. Vanuatu (Efate, Aneityum).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B643AB41BECE282E303C82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B643AB41BECCDA2F793FBC.text	03D4F45500B643AB41BECCDA2F793FBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bulladacus) penefurva Drew. A 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bulladacus) penefurva Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 65</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Records in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands: COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa, T. kaernbacchii. GNETACEAE: Gnetum gnemon.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Okari nut, tropical almond.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B643AB41BECCDA2F793FBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B643AA41BECEC22F763E66.text	03D4F45500B643AA41BECEC22F763E66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) pepisalae (Froggatt 1910)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) pepisalae (Froggatt, 1910)</p> <p>Figure 67</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p> <p>Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 124.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B643AA41BECEC22F763E66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B743AA41BECC5F2F873F3D.text	03D4F45500B743AA41BECC5F2F873F3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) perfusca (Aubertin 1929)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) perfusca (Aubertin, 1929)</p> <p>Figure 68</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 105). French Polynesia (Tahiti, Hiva Oa, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category D minor pest (Vargas et al. 2015). ANACARDIACEAE: Mangifera indica. COMBRETA- CEAE: Terminalia catappa. MYRTACEAE: Syzygium jambos. SANTALACEAE: Santalum sp.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Mango, rose-apple, tropical almond.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B743AA41BECC5F2F873F3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B743AA41BECDA628093C2A.text	03D4F45500B743AA41BECDA628093C2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) phaea (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) phaea (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 69</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland (Lihir Island only), Manus). Solomon Islands (Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Record in Solomon Islands: ZINGIBERACEAE: Alpinia purpurata.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B743AA41BECDA628093C2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B743AA41BECE9A2E303DD6.text	03D4F45500B743AA41BECE9A2E303DD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) picea (Drew 1972)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) picea (Drew, 1972)</p> <p>Figure 70</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B743AA41BECE9A2E303DD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B043AD41BEC8E82E303B83.text	03D4F45500B043AD41BEC8E82E303B83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) pseudodistincta (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) pseudodistincta (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 71</p> <p>Distribution. Indonesia (Moluccas). Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland). Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Kolombangara, Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B043AD41BEC8E82E303B83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B043AC41BEC9C32D243B64.text	03D4F45500B043AC41BEC9C32D243B64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) psidii (Froggatt 1899)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) psidii (Froggatt, 1899)</p> <p>South Sea guava fruit fly</p> <p>(= Dacus ornatissimus Froggatt, 1909)</p> <p>Figure 72</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 112). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 31 host species in 16 families. ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica. ANNONACEAE: Annona muricata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa. APOCYNACEAE: Cascabela thevetia, Cerbera manghas. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa. EBENACEAE: Diospyros kaki, D. macrocarpa, D. mespiliformis. EUPHORBIACEAE: Aleurites moluccanus. LYTHRACEAE: Punica granatum. MALPIGHIACEAE: Malpighia glabra. MORACEAE: Ficus sp., Morus alba. MYRTACEAE: Eugenia uniflora, Psidium acutangulum, P. cattleianum, P. guajava, Syzygium jambos, S. malaccense. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora quadrangularis. ROSACEAE: Fragaria vesca, Prunus domestica, P. persica, P. simonii. RUTACEAE: Citrus maxima. VITACEAE: Vitis vinifera.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Acerola, cashew, common guava, custard apple, giant granadilla, Japanese persimmon, Malay-apple, mango, nectarine, papaya, peach, plum, pomegranate, pomelo, rose-apple, soursop, starfruit, strawberry, strawberry guava, sugar-apple, Surinam cherry, tropical almond, white mulberry, wine grape.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate during the day (Mille 2010). Under laboratory conditions, eggs hatch after 2.25 days, larval development takes about 10 days and pupal stage lasts nine days (Mille 2010). This species is most commonly trapped in rural areas and rainforest, rather than in village and suburban environments, unlike B. tryoni and B. curvipennis (Amice and Sales 1997a). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 125.</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance of immature stages was investigated in New Caledonia (Sales et al. 1997a). Dacus virgatus Coquillett 1910, designated as a junior synonym of B. psidii by Malloch (1931), is actually a synonym of B. facialis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B043AC41BEC9C32D243B64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B143AC41BEC9632EF738A5.text	03D4F45500B143AC41BEC9632EF738A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) quadrisetosa (Bezzi 1928)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) quadrisetosa (Bezzi, 1928)</p> <p>(= Dacus varipes Malloch, 1939)</p> <p>Figure 73</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 105). Solomon Islands (New Georgia, Florida, Guadalcanal, Santa Cruz). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate).</p> <p>Male lure. Dihydroeugenol, isoeugenol. NEW LURE RECORDS. These are new lure records from surveys carried out by Christian Mille in Vanuatu in 2019.</p> <p>Host plants. Category D minor pest (Vargas et al. 2015). Host record in Solomon Islands and Vanuatu: SAPIN- DACEAE: Pometia pinnata.</p> <p>Edible host common name: Pacific lychee.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood 1997).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B143AC41BEC9632EF738A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B143AC41BECB202E303989.text	03D4F45500B143AC41BECB202E303989.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) quasienochra Leblanc and Doorenweerd 2021	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) quasienochra Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021</p> <p>Figure 74</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B143AC41BECB202E303989	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B143AC41BECC3D2D513F5A.text	03D4F45500B143AC41BECC3D2D513F5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) reclinata Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) reclinata Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 75</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p> <p>Notes. The Solomon Islands record is based on a single male collected in a methyl eugenol trap in Honiara (Guadalcanal).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B143AC41BECC3D2D513F5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B143AC41BECD0A2E293C9B.text	03D4F45500B143AC41BECD0A2E293C9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) redunca (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) redunca (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 76</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Kolombangara, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate). New Caledonia (Maré; NEW COUNTRY RECORD).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Record in Vanuatu: MENISPERMACEAE: Pycnarrhena ozantha.</p> <p>Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 126.</p> <p>Notes. The new country record from New Caledonia is based on the collection of five specimens in cue-lure traps on Maré Island, in March 2019.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B143AC41BECD0A2E293C9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B143AF41BECECB2F8A3E24.text	03D4F45500B143AF41BECECB2F8A3E24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) samoae Drew. A 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) samoae Drew, 1989</p> <p>Figure 77</p> <p>Distribution. Samoa (Savai’i, Upolu).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. ANNONACEAE: Cananga odorata. APOCYNACEAE: Cerbera odollam, Ochrosia oppositifolia. ARALIACEAE: Polyscias sp. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa. EBENACEAE: Diospyros foliosa. GENTIANACEAE: Fagraea berteroana. RUBIACEAE: Guettarda speciosa. RUTACEAE: Micromelum minutum, Murraya paniculata.</p> <p>Edible host common name: Tropical almond.</p> <p>Notes. This species, not attracted to male lures, is virtually indistinguishable from two other cue-lure-attracted species referred to as Bactrocera species near passiflorae (Fig. 63, 64).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B143AF41BECECB2F8A3E24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B243AF41BECCA02E303F07.text	03D4F45500B243AF41BECCA02E303F07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) setinervis (Malloch 1938)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) setinervis (Malloch, 1938)</p> <p>Figure 78</p> <p>Distribution. Pitcairn Group (Henderson Island, Pitcairn Island).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B243AF41BECCA02E303F07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B243AF41BECDBF29733D4C.text	03D4F45500B243AF41BECDBF29733D4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) simulata (Malloch 1939)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) simulata (Malloch, 1939)</p> <p>Figure 79</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz). Vanuatu (Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Record in Solomon Islands: CUCURBITACEAE: Coccinia grandis.</p> <p>Edible host common name: Ivy gourd.</p> <p>Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 127.</p> <p>Notes. This species is nearly identical to B. geminosimulata (Fig. 34) (Leblanc et al. 2021). They are genetically distinct and distinguished by a subtle but consistent difference in wing infuscation (Leblanc et al. 2021).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B243AF41BECDBF29733D4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500B343AE41BECB9728673DD6.text	03D4F45500B343AE41BECB9728673DD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) trilineola Drew 1989	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) trilineola Drew, 1989</p> <p>Vanuatu fruit fly</p> <p>(= Dacus triseriatus Drew, 1971, Bactrocera distotriseriata Hardy, 1989b)</p> <p>Figures 80, 81</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 112). New Caledonia (Maré, Lifou). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Pentecost, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred in Vanuatu from 31 host species in 17 families. ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica, Semecarpus vitiensis, Spondias dulcis. ANNONACEAE: Annona muricata. APOCYNACEAE: Ochrosia oppositifolia. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa, T. sepicana. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. LAURACEAE: Persea americana. MELIACEAE: Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum. MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis, Ficus aspera. MUSACEAE: Musa sp. MYRTACEAE: Eugenia uniflora, Psidium guajava, Syzygium clusiifolium, S. jambos, S. malaccense. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. RUBIACEAE: Guettarda speciosa. RUTACEAE: Citrus japonica, C. limon, C. maxima, C. reticulata, C. sinensis. SANTALACEAE: Santalum austrocaledonicum. SAPINDACEAE: Pometia pinnata. SAPOTACEAE: Burckella obovata, Planchonella grayana.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Avocado, banana, breadfruit, cashew, common guava, Jew plum, kumquat, lemon, Malay-apple, mango, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, pomelo, rose-apple, soursop, starfruit, Surinam cherry, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tropical almond.</p> <p>Biology. Adults start mating 11 days after emergence, and mate between late morning and early afternoon at the peak of light intensity (Allwood 1997). The life cycle is completed in approximately 21–22 days at 25 °C on artificial diet (Allwood et al. 1997). Populations peak in January–February and April–May, which coincides with the fruiting seasons of mangoes and guavas, respectively (Allwood et al. 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 128.</p> <p>Notes. This species was detected in New Caledonia, on Maré Island in 1993 and Lifou Island in 2000 (Mille 2008). Species identity was further confirmed by genetic analysis on specimens collected by the author on Maré in 2019 (Doorenweerd et al. 2022). This species is a member of the B. frauenfeldi complex.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500B343AE41BECB9728673DD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500AC43B341BECB972F7838C3.text	03D4F45500AC43B341BECB972F7838C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (Froggatt 1897)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (Froggatt, 1897)</p> <p>Queensland fruit fly</p> <p>Figure 82</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 129). Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou; detected 1969). Cook Islands (Rarotonga; detected 2001, eradicated 2002). French Polynesia (Austral Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu-Gambier Islands, Marquesas; detected 1970). Pitcairn Island (introduced).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure (strong attraction), zingerone (weak attraction). Also weakly attracted to anisyl acetone (Royer et al. 2019a).</p> <p>Host plants. Category A polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al. 2015) bred from 232 host species in 49 families in Australia (Hancock et al. 2000). Records in French Polynesia and New Caledonia: ANACARDIACEAE: Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica, Spondias dulcis, S. mombin. ANNONACEAE: Annona muricata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa, Cananga odorata. APOCYNACEAE: Cascabela thevetia. BURSERACEAE: Canarium vulgare. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa. CUCURBITACEAE: Cucurbita pepo. EBENACEAE: Diospyros kaki, D. mespiliformis. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. HERNANDIACEAE: Hernandia cordigera. LAURACEAE: Persea americana. LECYTHIDA- CEAE: Barringtonia asiatica, B. edulis. LYTHRACEAE: Punica granatum. MALPIGHIACEAE: Malpighia glabra. MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis, A. heterophyllus, Ficus pancheriana, Morus alba. MUSACEAE: Musa troglodytarum, Musa x paradisiaca. MYRTACEAE: Eugenia uniflora, Psidium acutangulum, P. cattleianum, P. guajava, Syzygium cumini, S. jambos, S. malaccense. OLACACEAE: Ximenia americana. OXALIDACEAE: Averrhoa carambola. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora edulis, P. laurifolia, P. quadrangularis. RHAMNACEAE: Ziziphus jujuba. ROSACEAE: Eriobotrya japonica, Fragaria vesca, Prunus domestica, P. persica, P. simonii. RUBIACEAE: Coffea sp., Morinda citrifolia. RUTACEAE: Casimiroa edulis, Citrus × latifolia, C. aurantiifolia, C. japonica, C. maxima, C. paradisi, C. reticulata, C. sinensis. SAPINDACEAE: Litchi chinensis, Nephelium lappaceum, Pometia pinnata. SAPOTACEAE: Chrysophyllum cainito, Planchonella sphaerocarpa, Pouteria caimito. SOLANACEAE: Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicum, S. mauritianum, S. melongena.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Abiu, acerola, avocado, banana, breadfruit, cashew, coffee, common guava, custard apple, eggplant, fe’i banana, giant granadilla, grapefruit, hog-plum, jackfruit, Japanese persimmon, Java plum, Jew plum, jujube, kumquat, lime, loquat, lychee, Malay-apple, mango, nectarine, noni, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, peach, plum, pomegranate, pomelo, purple granadilla, rambutan, rose-apple, soursop, squash, star-apple, starfruit, strawberry, strawberry guava, sugar-apple, Surinam cherry, Surinam cherry, sweet pepper, Tahitian chestnut, Tahitian lime, tangerine, tomato, tropical almond, white mulberry, white sapote, yellow granadilla, yellow plum.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood 1997). Under laboratory conditions, eggs hatch after 1.75 days and larval development takes about nine days (Mille 2010). After its establishment in New Caledonia, B. tryoni displaced the native polyphagous fruit pests B. psidii and especially B. curvipennis, which formerly was the dominant species (Cochereau 1970; Amice and Sales 1997a, 1997b). Bactrocera tryoni is now the dominant species in urban and village and orchard areas, while B. psidii remains the dominant species in forest (Amice and Sales 1997a, 1997b). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 130.</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance of immature stages was investigated in New Caledonia (Sales et al. 1997). This species was promptly eradicated, with application of male annihilation, protein bait sprays and crop sanitation, after its 2001 detection in Rarotonga (Cook Islands) (Vargas et al. 2014).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AC43B341BECB972F7838C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500AE43B341BECA822E303926.text	03D4F45500AE43B341BECA822E303926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tsatsiai Leblanc and Doorenweerd 2021	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tsatsiai Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021</p> <p>Figure 83</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Zingerone.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AE43B341BECA822E303926	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500AE43B341BECBA129973C39.text	03D4F45500AE43B341BECBA129973C39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) umbrosa (Fabricius 1805)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) umbrosa (Fabricius, 1805)</p> <p>Breadfruit fruit fly</p> <p>(= Dacus fascipennis Wiedemann, 1819, Bactrocera fasciatipennis Doleschall, 1856, Dacus conformis Walker, 1856, Dacus diffusus Walker, 1860, Dacus frenchi Froggatt, 1909, Bactrocera lacerata White and Evenhuis, 1999) Figure 84</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 105). Vietnam. Cambodia. Thailand. Philippines. Malaysia (Peninsular, East). Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, West Timor). Australia (Christmas Island, Torres Strait Islands). Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Manus, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz, Reef Islands). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Pentecost, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou). Palau.</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol. Weak attraction to isoeugenol and methyl-isoeugenol (Royer et al. 2018).</p> <p>Host plants. Category B pest (Vargas et al. 2015) of Artocarpus spp. Records in New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu: MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis, A. heterophyllus.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. breadfruit, jackfruit.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk, (Allwood 1997). Occurs in very large populations in lowland areas, and populations peak in December-January in the Solomon Islands, which corresponds to the main breadfruit season (Vagalo et al. 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figures 131, 132.</p> <p>Notes. The only pest dacine species known to be naturally distributed across Lydekker’s line (Krosch et al. 2019).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AE43B341BECBA129973C39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500AE43B341BECEAD2E303D1C.text	03D4F45500AE43B341BECEAD2E303D1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) unifasciata (Malloch 1939)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) unifasciata (Malloch, 1939)</p> <p>Figure 85</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Isabel, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AE43B341BECEAD2E303D1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500AF43B241BECDD9285F3D5D.text	03D4F45500AF43B241BECDD9285F3D5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bulladacus) unipunctata (Malloch 1939)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bulladacus) unipunctata (Malloch, 1939)</p> <p>Figure 86</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Florida).</p> <p>Male lure. No known lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p> <p>Notes. This species is known only from the damaged teneral male holotype, collected nearly a century ago. Drew and Hancock (2016) tentatively reassigned it to subgenus Bulladacus, based on a combination of characters typical of that subgenus, but were unable to confirm the presence of a bulla on the wing.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AF43B241BECDD9285F3D5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A843B541BECB9B2E303E32.text	03D4F45500A843B541BECB9B2E303E32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) unitaeniola Drew and Romig 2001	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) unitaeniola Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 87</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Isabel, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A843B541BECB9B2E303E32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A843B541BECCB32E303F16.text	03D4F45500A843B541BECCB32E303F16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Bactrocera) vargasi Leblanc and Doorenweerd 2021	<div><p>Bactrocera (Bactrocera) vargasi Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021</p> <p>Figure 88</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Zingerone.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A843B541BECCB32E303F16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A843B741BECD4F2E663DD6.text	03D4F45500A843B741BECD4F2E663DD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Notodacus) xanthodes (Broun 1904)	<div><p>Bactrocera (Notodacus) xanthodes (Broun, 1905)</p> <p>Pacific fruit fly</p> <p>Figure 89</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 121). Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Lau Group, Rotuma). Futuna. Wallis. Samoa (Savai’i, Manono, Upolu). American Samoa. Tonga (Tongatapu Group, Ha’apai Group, Vava’u Group, Niuas Group). Niue. Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Mauke, Mitiaro, Atiu, Aitutaki; introduced early 1970’s). French Polynesia (Austral Islands: Raivavae, Rimatara, Rurutu; detected 1998). Nauru (detected 1992, eradicated 2000).</p> <p>Male lure. Methyl eugenol (weak attractant), methyl-isoeugenol (strong attractant: Royer et al. 2019b).</p> <p>Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest (Vargas et al.2015) bred from 34 host species in 20families.Records in American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, Nauru, Samoa, Tonga, and Wallis: ANACARDIACEAE: Mangifera indica. ANNONACEAE: Annona cherimola, A. muricata. APOCYNACEAE: Cerbera manghas, Ochrosia oppositifolia. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. CARICACEAE: Carica papaya. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa, T. samoensis. CONVOLVULACEAE: Stictocardia tiliifolia. CUCURBITACEAE: Citrullus lanatus. EBENACEAE: Diospyros ferrea. EUPHORBIACEAE: Excoecaria agallocha. FABACEAE: Inocarpus fagifer. LAU- RACEAE: Persea americana. LECYTHIDACEAE: Barringtonia edulis, B. racemosa, B. seaturae. MALVACEAE: Theobroma cacao. MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis, A. heterophyllus. PASSIFLORACEAE: Passiflora edulis, P. ligularis, P. quadrangularis. RUTACEAE: Citrus japonica, C. maxima, C. reticulata, C. sinensis. SANTALACEAE: Santalum yasi. SAPOTACEAE: Burckella richii, Chrysophyllum cainito, Pouteria caimito. SOLANACEAE: Solanum lycopersicum, S. mauritianum.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Abiu, avocado, breadfruit, cherimoya, cocoa, giant granadilla, jackfruit, kumquat, mango, orange, papaya, pomelo, purple granadilla, soursop, star-apple, sweet granadilla, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tomato, tropical almond, watermelon.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood 1997). Rate of development was studied by Kassim (1993). At 27° C in papaya, egg hatch starts after 36 hours, 40% of larvae have reached second instar by 72 hours, and 76% have reached third instar by 120 hours. Larval popping starts at 156 hours, and 67% have pupated by 168 hours. Adult longevity is 21 weeks under laboratory conditions. A female lays on average 143 eggs over 112 days, starting two weeks after emergence, with egg laying peak egg laying at weeks 9 to 12. Pacific fruit fly is commonly found in the village, suburban and coastal environments, where breadfruit and mango are common, and is absent in forest habitats (Leweniqila et al. 1997b). Monthly trapping data is illustrated on Figures 133, 134, and was published in Litsinger et al. (1991), Leweniqila et al. (1997b), and Tora Vueti et al. (1997c). This species is parasitized by Fopius arisanus in the Cook Islands, Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, and also by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in Fiji (Vargas et al. 2012a).</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance was studied in Fiji, Tonga, Samoa and Cook Islands (Foliaki and Armstrong 1997; Tora Vueti et al. 1997b; Waddell et al. 1997a; Tunupopo et al. 2019). It is less heat tolerant than B. passiflorae, B. facialis, B. kirki and B. melanotus. The eradication of this species in Nauru took a lot longer than initially expected, in great part due to weak attraction to methyl eugenol (Allwood et al. 2002). Methyl-isoeugenol, a more potent attractant than methyl eugenol for this species, should preferably be used for monitoring, control and eradication of B. xanthodes (Royer et al. 2019b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A843B741BECD4F2E663DD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500AB43B641BEC8E82F5A3BC1.text	03D4F45500AB43B641BEC8E82F5A3BC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dacus (Neodacus) aneuvittatus (Drew 1971)	<div><p>Dacus (Neodacus) aneuvittatus (Drew, 1971)</p> <p>Figure 90</p> <p>Distribution. New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou).</p> <p>Male lure. Zingerone (strong attractant) and cue-lure (weak attractant) (Royer et al. 2019a).</p> <p>Host plants. APOCYNACEAE: Vincetoxicum biglandulosum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AB43B641BEC8E82F5A3BC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500AB43B641BEC987297D39C1.text	03D4F45500AB43B641BEC987297D39C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dacus (Neodacus) perpusillus Drew 1971	<div><p>Dacus (Neodacus) perpusillus Drew, 1971, restored combination</p> <p>Figure 91</p> <p>Distribution. New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p> <p>Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 135.</p> <p>Notes. This species was originally described as Dacus (Asiadacus) perpusillus Drew, 1971 and later reassigned as Bactrocera (Sinodacus) perpusilla (Drew) by Drew (1989). More recently, it was transferred to genus Zeugodacus, as Z. (Sinodacus) perpusillus (Drew) (DeMeyer et al. 2015; Doorenweerd et al. 2018) or treated as Bactrocera (Parasinodacus) perpusilla (Drew) by Hancock and Drew (2017b). A close morphological examination of fresh specimens collected by the author in New Caledonia in 2019 clearly shows that this species belongs to genus Dacus and subgenus Neodacus, as defined by Drew and Romig (2013, 2022), further confirmed by genetic data (Doorenweerd et al. 2020). I am therefore reassigning this species as Dacus (Neodacus) perpusillus Drew.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AB43B641BEC987297D39C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500AB43B941BECB8728793E79.text	03D4F45500AB43B941BECB8728793E79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dacus (Callantra) solomonensis Malloch 1939	<div><p>Dacus (Callantra) solomonensis Malloch, 1939</p> <p>Figure 92</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. Category B pest of cucurbits (Vargas et al. 2015). Records in Solomon Islands: CUCURBITACEAE: Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, L. cylindrica, Trichosanthes cucumerina.</p> <p>Biology. At 25°C, eggs hatch after 46 hours, median larval development time is 12 days, and pupal stage duration is nine days. Adults start mating 16 days after emergence (Tsatsia and Hollingsworth 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 136.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Angled luffa, cucumber, luffa, snakegourd, squash.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500AB43B941BECB8728793E79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A443B941BECC6D2E8A3F5D.text	03D4F45500A443B941BECC6D2E8A3F5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dacus (Neodacus) taui Drew and Romig 2001	<div><p>Dacus (Neodacus) taui Drew and Romig, 2001</p> <p>Figure 93</p> <p>Distribution. Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Santo, Malekula, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga).</p> <p>Male lure. Zingerone (NEW LURE RECORD).</p> <p>Host plants. APOCYNACEAE: Tylophora sp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A443B941BECC6D2E8A3F5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A443B941BECD0B2E303FA0.text	03D4F45500A443B941BECD0B2E303FA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugodacus (Javadacus) abdoangustus (Drew 1972)	<div><p>Zeugodacus (Javadacus) abdoangustus (Drew, 1972)</p> <p>Figure 94</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Isabel, Guadalcanal, Malaita).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A443B941BECD0B2E303FA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A443B941BECE262E303C83.text	03D4F45500A443B941BECE262E303C83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) amoenus (Drew 1972)	<div><p>Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) amoenus (Drew, 1972)</p> <p>Figure 95</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Isabel).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A443B941BECE262E303C83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A443B841BECEC22D703C6F.text	03D4F45500A443B841BECEC22D703C6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugodacus (Javadacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett 1899)	<div><p>Zeugodacus (Javadacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett, 1899)</p> <p>Melon fly</p> <p>(= Dacus aureus Tseng and Chu, 1982, Dacus yuiliensis Tseng and Chu, 1992)</p> <p>Figure 96</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 129). Widespread throughout tropical Asia, from Pakistan to Taiwan and south to New Guinea (introduced) and Solomon Islands (introduced); introduced to Africa, the Middle East, and various islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans (see distribution map in Vargas et al. 2015). Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Manus, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Guadalcanal, Malaita). Hawaii (all islands; detected 1895). Guam (detected 1936, eradicated 1965 but re-introduced from Northern Mariana Islands in 1981). Northern Mariana Islands (detected 1936). Kiribati (Christmas Island; detected 1987, eradicated 1989). Nauru (detected 1982, eradicated 1999, reintroduced 2002).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure. Weak attraction to zingerone, dihydroeugenol, and methyl-isoeugenol (Royer et al. 2018).</p> <p>Host plants. Category A severe pest of cucurbit crops (Vargas et al. 2015), also bred from a diversity of other families, with a total of 136 host taxa in 30 families (Allwood et al. 1999; McQuate et al. 2016).Records in Guam, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands: CUCURBITACEAE: Citrullus lanatus, Coccinia grandis, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, L. cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes cucumerina. FABACEAE: Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata. MALVACEAE: Abelmoschus esculentus. SOLANACEAE: Solanum lycopersicum.</p> <p>Edible hosts common names. Angled luffa, bittergourd, common bean, cucumber, ivy gourd, luffa, okra, snakebean, snakegourd, squash, tomato, watermelon.</p> <p>Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Waterhouse 1993). Rate of development was summarized by Waterhouse (1993). Female flies start laying eggs, primarily on cucurbits, 11–12 days after their emergence from pupae. Eggs are laid in batches of 1– 40 eggs in young to ripe fruits, but also on flowers, buds and even leaf stalks and stems of host cucurbits. One female may lay over 1000 eggs during her life. Oviposition peaks occur in the morning and late afternoon. Eggs hatch in about 24 hours. Development time varies from 4 to 17 days (larva) and 7 to 13 days (pupa), depending on temperature and host. In the Solomon Islands, development from egg to adult takes 13 days at 29°C. In Hawaii, at 24°C, eggs hatch in 1.3 days, larval development takes 6.6 days and pupal stage lasts 10.2 days (Vargas et al. 1996). Adults are long-lived, typically up to 150 days, but as long as 240–460 days under cooler temperature. This species is uncommon in the forest. Monthly trapping data is illustrated on Figures 137, 138, and was also published in Hollingsworth et al. (1997). The parasitoid Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri) was introduced from India to Hawaii in 1916, and subsequently from Hawaii to the Mariana Islands in 1950 (Waterhouse 1993) and the Solomon Islands in 1997 (Hollingsworth 2003).</p> <p>Notes. Heat tolerance was studied in Hawaii (Jang 1986). Melon fly was eradicated from the Northern Mariana Islands in 1963 through sterile insect releases (Steiner et al. 1965a), but re-introduced from Guam in 1981 (Wong et al. 1989). It was first detected in the Solomon Islands on Shortland in 1984, then Kolombangara, Choiseul and Gizo in 1985, Isabel in 1988, Malaita in 1994, and Guadalcanal in 1995, where initial attempts for eradication were unsuccessful (Waterhouse 1993; Hollingsworth et al. 1997; Vagalo et al. 1997). It was also detected on Christmas Island (Kiribati) in 1987, and eradicated through a 2-year interruption in cucurbit cultivation (Waterhouse 1993). It was easily eradicated from Nauru in 1998–1999, using male annihilation and limited protein bait spray applications, aided by a drought that had reduced host fruit availability (Allwood et al. 2002). It was, however, re-introduced to Nauru in 2002, likely aided by Air Nauru passenger flights from Guam (SPC 2002).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A443B841BECEC22D703C6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A543B841BECE532E303D63.text	03D4F45500A543B841BECE532E303D63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugodacus (Javadacus) fuscipennulus (Drew and Romig 2001)	<div><p>Zeugodacus (Javadacus) fuscipennulus (Drew and Romig, 2001)</p> <p>Figure 97</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Guadalcanal, San Cristobal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A543B841BECE532E303D63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A643BB41BECEF22E303DD6.text	03D4F45500A643BB41BECEF22E303DD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugodacus (Javadacus) hamaceki (Drew and Romig 2001)	<div><p>Zeugodacus (Javadacus) hamaceki (Drew and Romig, 2001)</p> <p>Figure 99</p> <p>Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Isabel, Guadalcanal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A643BB41BECEF22E303DD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A643BB41BECDD22E303CF7.text	03D4F45500A643BB41BECDD22E303CF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) gracilis (Drew 1972)	<div><p>Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) gracilis (Drew, 1972)</p> <p>Figure 98</p> <p>Distribution. Vanuatu (Malekula).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A643BB41BECDD22E303CF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
03D4F45500A743BA41BECB9F2E303ED4.text	03D4F45500A743BA41BECB9F2E303ED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) univittatus (Drew 1972)	<div><p>Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) univittatus (Drew, 1972)</p> <p>Figure 100</p> <p>Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Isabel, Guadalcanal, San Cristobal).</p> <p>Male lure. Cue-lure.</p> <p>Host plants. No known host.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F45500A743BA41BECB9F2E303ED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leblanc, Luc	Leblanc, Luc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (948): 1-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862
