taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D587FBFFBE4D51E1F6FD6D27B8F80E.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBE4D51E1F6FD6D27B8F80E.taxon	description	Syn.: Euclasta mirabilis pinheyi Popescu-Gorj & Constantinescu, 1977: 235 – 236, figs 48, 53, pl. 4 fig. 96.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBE4D51E1F6FD6D27B8F80E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 22 ♂♂, 48 ♀♀: Bushehr Prov.: 1 ♂, Bidkhun, Mangrove forest, 0 m, 18. xi. 1997, V. Nazari, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Khalij-e Nâyband, 0 m, 27. xi. 1998, Ghayurfar, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Ahram, 100 m, 24. xi. 1998, Ghayurfar, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 2 ♀♀, Kangân, 10 m, 25. xi. 1998, Ghayurfar, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, Âbâdeh, 3 km S Didegân, 1900 m, 20. vi. 1972, Ebert, Pâzuki leg.; Hormozgân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, 36 km E Gâwbandi, Konârdân, 210 m, 23. iv. 1977, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Minâb, 11. iii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♀, Bandar-e Khamir, 100 m, 4. iii. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2450, HMIM), 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs, Siyâhu, 600 m, 10. - 11. iii. 1995, Sarafrâzi, Badii leg., 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Siyâhu, Sikhorân, 830 m, 9. ii. 2001, Ebrâhimi, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs, Gohreh, Âb Mâh, 7. iii. 1973, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, Bandar Abbâs- Sirjân Rd. (km 40), 300 m, 30. iii. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Sirik, 20 m, 29. xi. 1998, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Isin, Geno, 750 m, 25. iv. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 2 ♀♀, N Bandar Abbâs, Geno Mt., 560 m, N 27 ˚ 21 ΄ 43.3 ˝, E 56 ˚ 09 ΄ 06.0 ˝, 29. xii. 2007, Zahiri, Lehmann, Stadie leg., 4 ♀♀, Geno Mt., 800 m, 15. - 17. vi. 1992, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg., 2 ♀♀, Geno Mt., 450 m, 18. ii. 1997, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, Tâziân, 60 m, 5. iii. 1995, Badii, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♀, Hâjiâbâd, N 28 ˚ 18 ΄ 00.9 ˝, E 55 ˚ 56 ΄ 15.5 ˝, 973 m, 25. ii. 2012, Falsafi leg., 1 ♀, 21 km W Rudân, Sarzeh, 200 m, 3. - 4. iii. 1978, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Fâriâb, 6. iii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Gerok, 0 m, 6. - 7. iii. 1995, Badii, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♀, Gurband, 4. iii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Gohreh, 9, 10. iii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♀, Gohreh, 12. iii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 2 ♀♀, Hormoz Isl., 90 m, 22. ii. 1997, V. Nazari leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♀, Jiroft, Esfandagheh, 20. iv. 1971, Safavi, Zairi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Jiroft, Manujân, 22 km W Ghaleh Ganj, 490 m, 6. iii. 1978, Pâzuki leg., 3 ♀♀, Jiroft, Kahnuj, Mârz, 24 km SE Pimejân, 860 m, 10. iii. 1978, Pâzuki leg., 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Jiroft, Kahnuj, Mârz, Goweniskân, 880 - 1000 m, 12. iii. 1978, Pâzuki leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Zâboli, Sarbâz, 31. iii. 1973, Safavi, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Khâsh, Taftân Mt., 1800 m, 20. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♂, Ghasr-e Ghand, 25. xi. 1997, V. Nazari, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2448, HMIM); Zanjân Prov.: 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Zanjân, Âbbar, N 36 ˚ 55 ΄ 19.2 ˝, E 48 ˚ 59 ΄ 32.89 ˝, 1156 m, 21. vii. 2010, Âlipanâh leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBE4D51E1F6FD6D27B8F80E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran including Bushehr (Dalaki), Fars (Cherom and Laristan), Hormozgan (Sarzeh), and Sistan and Baluchestan (Bandar Chabahar, Takht-e Malek) Provinces; Pakistan, Afghanistan, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Somalia (Amsel 1949 a, 1959, 1961, 1970; Wiltshire 1977; Popescu-Gorj & Constantinescu 1977; Asselbergs 2008; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D50E1F6FB592532F963.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D50E1F6FB592532F963.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Holarctic: Europe; Turkey, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, south of Siberia, Primorye, Amur, Sakhalin, Japan, Canada (Slamka 2013), Iran (Christoph 1876 ‒ 1877).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D50E1F6FF00272FFC18.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 B)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D50E1F6FF00272FFC18.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 7 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀: Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♀, Moghân, Oltân, Aras river, N 39 ˚ 36 ΄ 17.6 ˝, E 47 ˚ 45 ΄ 00.3 ˝, 138 m, 17. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg., 1 ♀, Moghân, Doost Kandi, N 39 ˚ 41 ΄ 07.4 ˝, E 47 ˚ 57 ΄ 58.6 ˝, 34 m, 18. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Gilân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Asâlem, 1250 m, 6. ix. 1972, Borumand, Zairi leg., 1 ♀, Bandar Anzali, 30 km S Asâlem, Punel, 250 m, 12. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Ilkhâni leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Pisâson, 1300 m, 15. - 16. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2468, HMIM), 1 ♀, 5 km Lâkân Rd., 63 m, 25. vi. 2003, Moghaddam, Nâserzâdeh leg., 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Tâlesh, Tulârud, N 37 ˚ 45 ΄ 12.2 ˝, E 48 ˚ 54 ΄ 50.6 ˝, 144 m, 17. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2473, HMIM), 1 ♀, Âstârâ, Hazelnut Res. Sta., N 37 ˚ 07 ΄ 32.8 ˝, E 49 ˚ 11 ΄ 19.4 ˝, 28 m, 30. vi. 2008, Nematiân, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♂, Âstârâ, N 38 ˚ 17 ΄ 14.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 52 ΄ 22.1 ˝, 46 m, 18. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♀, Yâsuj, Sisakht, 2250 m, 13. vi. 1972, Ebert, Pâzuki leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♀, Bâbolsar, 25. iv. 1949, Farahbakhsh leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2469, HMIM), 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, Tonekâbon lab., 10. - 11. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, 250 m, 22. vii. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 1 ♀, Kelârdasht, 24. vii. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Poldasht- Mâku Rd., 20 km E Mâku, N 39 ˚ 16 ΄ 58.5 ˝, E 44 ˚ 41 ΄ 1.2 ˝, 996 m, 17. ix. 2011, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D50E1F6FF00272FFC18.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Europe including Italy, Bulgaria, Greek mainland, north of Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia (including the regions of Kosovo and Vojvodina), Slovenia, Malta, Romania, southern part of European Russia; Turkey, Transcaucasia, Syria, Transcaspia, north of Iran (Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D5FE1F6F88123C2FB92.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 C ‒ E) Pyralis verbascalis Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller, 1775: 121. TL: Austria, Vienna area [Wienergegend] Syn.: Pyralis arcualis H ̧ bner, 1796: pl. 12 fig. 80.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D5FE1F6F88123C2FB92.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 33 ♂♂, 31 ♀♀: East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, Tabriz, Gharah Chaman, 1100 m, 23. vi. 1985, Mirzâyâns, Pâzuki leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Asâlem, Shondol, 950 m, 9. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Farahbakhsh leg., 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Bandar Anzali, 15 km Asâlem- Pisâson Rd., 220 m, 30. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 2 ♂♂, Asâlem, Parehsar, 14. v. 1977, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Lâkushin, 305 m, 29. vi. 1997, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Barâri leg., 1 ♂, 15 km Tâlesh, 31. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♀, Rasht, 6. vii. 1971, Shenâsi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Gorgân, 12. vii. 1967, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Gorgân, Gorgân lab.,?. vi. 1974, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Gorgân, Aliâbâd, Shirinâbâd, 22. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg., 18 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Mazârli, 530 m, 19. - 20. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 700 m, 24. - 27. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 5. vii. 1999, Moghaddam, Barâri, Manzari leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang Râh, 450 m, 29. vii. - 4. viii. 1982, Jafari, Zehzâd, Kiâbi leg.; Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Haft Tappeh, 70 m, 25. iv. 1976, Pâzuki, Abâi leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♀, Âmol, 27. vii. 1974, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Baladeh, Razan, 1000 m, 22. vii. 1988, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Nekâ, Bâyeh Kolâ, 1999, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Behshahr, Duk forest, 840 m, 23. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 1 ♀, Behshahr, Abbâsâbâd, 404 m, 17. vii. 2001, Gilâsiân, Moghaddam, Ghayurfar leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Varâmin, 12. viii. 1949, Eghlidi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D5FE1F6F88123C2FB92.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe except for northern parts; Turkey, Iran (Golestan Province: Golestan National Park [Ghaleh Palangan), Gorgan]), Transcaucasia, Russia (Khabarovsk and Primorye), Korea, China, Japan, India (Lederer 1871; Karsholt & Razowski 1996; Wieser et al. 2002; Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFBF4D5FE1F6F88123C2FB92.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is represented by two subspecies: A. verbascalis verbascalis ([Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller], 1949) and A. verbascalis parvalis (Osthelder, 1935). The former has pale ochreous to suffused dark brown wings; the latter is smaller and brighter with weakly developed cross lines and marginal bands (Slamka 2013). Most of the examined specimens in this study have a pale yellowish-ochre ground colour with distinct cross lines and narrow marginal bands (Fig. 1 C), but a few specimens are slightly darker, especially at the area between antemedial and postmedial lines (Fig. 1 D, E) – something like an intermediate form between the two above-mentioned subspecies. In the Golestan Province we have both pale and slightly darker forms even among specimens with exactly same collecting data. Therefore, as stated by Slamka (2013), A. verbascalis parvalis is only an infrasubspecific form of A. verbascalis, and here we consider A. verbascalis verbascalis as senior synonym of A. verbascalis parvalis syn. n.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB04D5FE1F6FB1027B6F838.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB04D5FE1F6FB1027B6F838.taxon	description	Syn.: Pyralis sambucalis Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller, 1775: 122.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB04D5FE1F6FB1027B6F838.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 7 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀: East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Âinâloo, N 38 ˚ 53 ΄ 17.9 ˝, E 46 ˚ 48 ΄ 03.2 ˝, 1463 m, 17. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Gilân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 15 km Tâlesh, Rek, 570 m, 31. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2452, HMIM), 1 ♀, Asâlem, Parehsar, 750 m, 13. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Bandar Anzali, Asâlem, Kom, 150 m, 4. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, 15 km Asâlem- Pisâson Rd., 220 m, 30. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♀, Âstârâ- Ardebil Rd. (km 5), 100 m, 26. v. 1997, Sarafrâzi, Badii, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♀, Siâhkal- Deylamân Rd., Tootki vill., N 37 ˚ 03 ΄ 37.74 ˝, E 49 ˚ 50.56 ΄ 41 ˝, 464 m, 22. vii. 2010, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♀, Tâlesh, Peysarâ, N 37 ˚ 54 ΄ 38.7 ˝, E 48 ˚ 51 ΄ 51.3 ˝, 151 m, 19. viii. 2013, Afsariân leg., 1 ♀, Tâlesh, Tulârud, N 37 ˚ 45 ΄ 12.2 ˝, E 48 ˚ 54 ΄ 50.6 ˝, 144 m, 17. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Golestân, 24. x. 1972, Abâi leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, Tonekâbon lab.,?. v. -?. vii. 1973, Rudsari leg., 1 ♀, Râmsar, 9. vi. 1973, Abâi leg.; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Dasht-e Shâd, 1390 m, 25. - 26. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB04D5FE1F6FB1027B6F838.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Throughout Europe, Turkey, Transcaucasia, south of Siberia including Primorye and Sakhalin (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB04D5FE1F6FB1027B6F838.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All the examined specimens have glossy brown ground colour with yellow tint. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5CE1F6F90522C4FE2E.taxon	description	(Figs 2 C, 3 D – F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5CE1F6F90522C4FE2E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ardebil Prov.: 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, Moghân, Doost Kandi, N 39 ˚ 41 ΄ 07.4 ˝, E 47 ˚ 57 ΄ 58.6 ˝, 34 m, 18. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2426, HA- 2440, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5CE1F6F90522C4FE2E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Spain and Morocco (Lucas 1942; Rungs 1979; Tränkner & Nuss 2010).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5CE1F6F90522C4FE2E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As figured by Tränkner & Nuss (2010: 61, 62), there are some differences in the male genitalia of A. murcialis and A. ochrofascialis, especially in the structure of the phallus (Fig. 3 A, C, D, F). Examination of several males from the two species revealed that both have deciduous cornuti in their phallus (Fig. 3 A, C, D, F). Moreover, the fibula of the examined males of A. murcialis is relatively broader at the base compared to A. ochrofascialis (Fig. 3 A, B, D, E). As noted by Slamka (2013), in the female genitalia of examined A. murcialis specimens, the ductus bursae is broader than that of A. ochrofascialis (Fig. 3 G, I). Based on our examination, A. murcialis has a longer ductus bursae than A. ochrofascialis. Additionally, there are slight differences between them in the structure of the anterior part of the antrum (Fig. 3 G ‒ J). This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FC0D27DCF9E7.taxon	description	(Figs 2 B, 3 A – C)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FC0D27DCF9E7.taxon	description	Syn.: Botys retowskyi M ̂ schler, 1888: 128.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FC0D27DCF9E7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀: Hormozgân Prov.: 3 ♀♀, Minâb, 13. iii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2431, HMIM), 1 ♂, Minâb, 20. - 21. ii. 1997, V. Nazari leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2416, HMIM), 1 ♀, Isin, 240 m, 5. iv. 1973, Abâi leg.; Khuzestân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Âbâdân, Choebdeh, Bahmanshir river, N 30 ˚ 12 ΄ 26.8 ˝, E 48 ˚ 33 ΄ 42.6 ˝, 3 m, 13. v. 2016, Afsariân leg., 1 ♀, Sarâkhiyeh, Tâlâb-e Shâdegân, N 30 ˚ 41.0´16 ˝, E 48 ˚ 32´23.1 ˝, 6 m, 12. v. 2016, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FC0D27DCF9E7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Crimean Peninsula, southern part of European Russia (Lower Volga), Armenia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iran (Bandar Chabahar [Sistan and Baluchestan Province]), United Arab Emirates, south of Dead Sea, Western Sahara, Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco (Amsel 1961; Tränkner & Nuss 2010; Slamka 2013; Asselbergs 2008; De Prins & De Prins 2011 – 2021). This species was misspelled by Amsel (1961) as Anania ochrifascialis.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FF00242FFCEF.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FF00242FFCEF.taxon	description	Syn.: Scopula borealis J. Curtis, 1830: 312.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FF00242FFCEF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♀♀: Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Amârloo, 27. ix. 1970, Ebert, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Rahimâbâd, Leymâ, Samâmus, 1500 - 2500 m, 6. - 7. viii. 1999, Ebrâhimi, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2476, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FF00242FFCEF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe; Turkey; Transcaucasia; Central Asia; China; south of Siberia including Primorye, Sakhalin and south of Kuryles Island; Japan (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB24D5DE1F6FF00242FFCEF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is represented by two subspecies, A. terrealis reisseri (Zerny, 1932) and A. terrealis terrealis (Treitschke, 1829) (Slamka 2013). In the former, the forewing has a brownish-orange ground colour with distinct discoidal spot and cross lines (Slamka 2013); the latter is darker with normally indistinguishable cross lines. Anania terrealis reisseri is reported from Spain, Portugal and Morocco (Speidel & Hanigk 1990), and A. terrealis terrealis is distributed in France, Turkey, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, China, south of Siberia, Primorye, Sakhalin, S Kuryles Island and Japan (Slamka 2013). The wing pattern (Fig. 2 A) and genitalia of the two female specimens collected in Iran (Fig. 3 K) match with those figured by Slamka (2013: 219, 299) for A. terrealis terrealis. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB34D5CE1F6FB3724DAF9A0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB34D5CE1F6FB3724DAF9A0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Most parts of Europe, Fore-Caucasus, south of Siberia (Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014), Iran: Gorgan (Golestan Province) (Lederer 1871).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB34D5CE1F6FE4C2786FBE9.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 D)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB34D5CE1F6FE4C2786FBE9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀: Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♀, Semirom, Sivar, 2150 m, 9. viii. 1978, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, SSE Eghlid, Bol Mt., Âbsad valley, 2750 m, 7. vi. 2005, Hofmann, Meineke leg., 1 ♂, Firuzâbâd- Farâshband Rd., 40 km to Farâshband, 1800 m, 7. v. 2004, Hâjiesmailiân, Serri, Bolonia leg., 1 ♀, Safâshahr, 2150 m, 19. vi. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♂, Bâft, Khabr National Park, 21 km E Dashtâb Ranger Sta., Pâyeshgah-e Mobârakeh, N 28 ˚ 47 ΄ 43.2 ˝, E 56 ˚ 30 ΄ 54.4 ˝, 2271 m, 5. vi. 2017, Âlipanâh, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2474, HMIM); West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, Ghâsemlu valley, N 37 ˚ 16 ΄ 05 ˝, E 45 ˚ 08 ΄ 57 ˝, 1650 m, 19. vii. 2005, Zahiri, Golmohammadzâdeh-Khiâbân leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB34D5CE1F6FE4C2786FBE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran including Alborz (Karaj), Fars (Sepidan, Bavanat, Tall-e Karmuni Mt., Komehr, Shiraz, Sineh Sefid), and Mazandaran (Tarsi Kola) Provinces (Zerny 1939; Amsel 1961).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB34D5CE1F6FE4C2786FBE9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All the examined specimens have pale brown ground colour with moderate pale brown marginal band at both fore- and hindwing, except a single female collected in Semirom, Esfahan Province which has wings with broader marginal band.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB34D5AE1F6F9CE2470FF16.taxon	description	Syn.: Anania fuscoverbascalis Mutuura, 1954: 15 – 16, pl. 5 fig. 26, pl. 9 fig. 50.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB34D5AE1F6F9CE2470FF16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study. Distribiution. Russian Far East (Amur Region), Japan (Inoue 1988; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022). This species has been reported from Iran (Golestan Province: Gorgan) as Anania verbascalis egentalis Christoph by Mirzayans & Kalali (1970). Genus Psammotis Hübner, 1825	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB54D59E1F6FF482460FA2B.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 E, F) Pyralis pulveralis H ̧ bner, 1796: 29, pl. 17 fig. 109. TL: Germany, Leipzig.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB54D59E1F6FF482460FA2B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 9 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Âsârâ, 40 km N Karaj, 1850 m, 27. vi. 1971, Safavi, Borumand, Kâviân, Ghâzioff leg., 1 ♀, Karaj, Arangeh, Sarziârat, 1750 m, 10, 11. vii. 1996, Barâri, Badii leg.; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♂, Sabalân, Qotur Suiee, N 38 ˚ 21 ΄ 53.9 ˝, E 47 ˚ 51 ΄ 43.4 ˝, 2276 m, 25. - 26. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Ardebil- Meshginshahr Rd., Sabalân, N 38 ˚ 21 ΄ 45.3 ˝, E 47 ˚ 51 ΄ 40.0 ˝, 2306 m, 13. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg.; Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♀, Kâshân, Ghohrud, Jevinân, 2000 m, 12. - 13. vi. 1984, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Shâhrud, Shâhkuh, 2150 m, 15. vi. 1974, Rajabi, Pâzuki leg.; Hamedân Prov.: 3 ♀♀, Sarâb-e Gâmâsiâb, N 34 ˚ 05 ΄ 56.2 ˝, E 48 ˚ 25 ΄ 20.5 ˝, 1813 m, 11. vii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♂, Bâft, Ghanât-e Marvân, 2800 m, 23. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♀, Kâkân, Hoseinkhâni, 2100 m, 26. - 27. v. 1995, Badii, Sarafrâzi, Hâshemi leg.; Kordestân Prov.: 1 ♀, 25 km E Bâneh, 1950 m, 4. vii. 1975, Pâzuki leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♀, Chamestân, Vâz vill., N 36 ˚ 21 ΄ 49.6 ˝, E 52 ˚ 06 ΄ 03.1 ˝, 557 m, 28. vi. 2007, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg., 1 ♀, Siâhbisheh- Yush Rd., 3 km Kamarbon vill., N 36 ˚ 13 ΄ 51.7 ˝, E 51 ˚ 24 ΄ 45.3 ˝, 2557 m, 21. - 22. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Falsafi, Zahiri leg.; Markazi Prov.: 1 ♀, Âshtiân, Âhoo, Bidsukhteh valley, 2000 m, 29. vii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Âshkhâneh-Bojnurd Rd., 15 km E Bojnurd, N 37 ˚ 31 ΄ 31.6 ˝, E 57 ˚ 08 ΄ 08.4 ˝, 1058 m, 16. vi. 2013, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♀, Esfarâyen- Jâjarm Rd., 21 km W Esfarâyen, Châhârmarân, Sâluk protected area, N 37 ˚ 12 ΄ 23.6 ˝, E 57 ˚ 15 ΄ 25.7 ˝, 1463 m, 18. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, N Shirvân, Kopet Dâgh Mt., Sarâni vill., Sarâni protected area, N 37 ˚ 48 ΄ 22.5 ˝, E 57 ˚ 56 ΄ 29.7 ˝, 1500 m, 22. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♂, Sorkhâbâd protected area, Armaghânkhâneh, Meshkin vill. to Galjin vill. Rd., 12 km to Galjin vill., N 37 ˚ 3´29 ˝, E 48 ˚ 22´49 ˝, 2174 m, 14. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB54D59E1F6FF482460FA2B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, European Russia, south of Siberia, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Syria, Iran [Alborz (Elburz Mt., Kandovan Rd. and Nesa), Fars (Sepidan and Sineh Sefid), Golestan (Gorgan and Shahkuh), Hamedan (Hamedan), Hormozgan (Hajiabad), Sistan and Baluchestan (Taftan Mt.), and Yazd (Barfkhaneh) Provinces], Kazakhstan, Afghanistan (Lederer 1871; Zerny 1939; Amsel 1961; Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB54D59E1F6FF482460FA2B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is represented by two subspecies: P. pulveralis pulveralis (H ̧ bner, 1796) and P. pulveralis grisealis (Staudinger, 1870) (Slamka 2013), of which the latter is reported from Iran (Elburz Mt., Sepidan, Sineh Sefid, Hamedan, Taftan Mt., and Barfkhaneh) (Amsel 1961). The nominotypical subspecies varies from pale ochreous to ochreous with pink to red tint while in P. pulveralis grisealis the ground colour is more or less fuscous with weak cross lines (Slamka 2013). In the examined material, the ground colour of the wings varies from pale ochreous-brown to pale greyish-brown and is slightly darker in some specimens. Cross lines are normally visible, but their width varies even among specimens with the same collecting data (Fig. 2 E, F). Genus Pyrausta Hübner, 1825 Subgenus Pyrausta Hübner, 1825	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB64D46E1F6FA21277CFC91.taxon	description	(Figs 4 A ‒ D, 5 A ‒ F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB64D46E1F6FA21277CFC91.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HMIM: Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Miân Kotal, 1900 m, 11. vi. 1972, Ebert, Pâzuki leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2514, HMIM); Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♂, Sisakht, 2100 m, 16. vi. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2515, HMIM). Coll. Jan Asselbergs: Iran, Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♂, Zagros, Fereydunshahr, 2200 m, 9. vii. 1999, Hofmann, Meineke leg. (gen. prep. 4891 Asb.)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB64D46E1F6FA21277CFC91.taxon	description	Description of the female (Figs 4 A ‒ D, 5 A ‒ C). Externally, essentially as in male. Head: vertex with slightly adpressed yellowish-creamy to pale ochreous scales; frons with smooth, yellowish-creamy scales except white scales at the junction with compound eyes; labial palpi porrect, first segment covered with white scales, second and third with ochreous-pale brown scales dorso-laterally, narrowly white at ventral side, with length nearly twice the horizontal diameter of compound eye; maxillary palpi small, covered with pale ochreous scales; antennae dirty-creamy to yellowish-grey, with short, dense ciliae (Fig. 4 C, D). Thorax: dirty-creamy, ochreous-creamy towards the collar and patagia, with scattered pink scales. Forewing (Fig. 4 A, B) with length of 8.4 mm, nearly elongate, triangular, with almost rounded apex and straight costa slightly convex near the apex; upperside rose-gold with yellow tint, yellowish-pink towards the base and costal margin, postmedial line at three-fourths of the forewing length relatively broad, yellow, parallel to the termen, with irregular margin internally bearing a medial dent, giving the upper half a narrower appearance than the lower half; fringes dirty-creamy, with pinkish-grey basal half; underside paler than upperside, with pinkish-yellow scales at the lower half of the marginal area. Hindwing upperside pale yellowish-grey, darker towards the outer margin, with a lighter medial line and a pink tint along the termen, fringes dirty-creamy; underside paler than the upperside. Abdomen: Yellowish-grey. Female genitalia (Fig. 5 A ‒ C) with papillae anales having moderate lobes with long setae; ostium bursae relatively broad, less than half length of the width of segment at posterior end; anterior apophyses nearly as long as posterior apophyses; antrum cup-shaped, moderately sclerotized and densely covered with minute sclerotized spines at posterior half, membranous anteriorly, with a V-shaped folding at the posterior end of membranous area, the anterior half relatively shorter than the posterior half (Fig. 5 A, B); colliculum short, weakly sclerotized, with stronger sclerotized lateral walls; ductus bursae short, membranous, regularly coiled; ductus seminalis emerging from posterior end of ductus bursae, near the junction with colliculum at dorsal side; bursa copulatrix membranous, spherical, with heavily sclerotized rhomboid signum having sclerotized thorns, appendix bursae nearly heart-shaped, emerging from bursa copulatrix opposite to signum (Fig. 5 C). Redescription of the male genitalia (Fig. 5 D ‒ F). Uncus triangular at base and nearly finger-shaped with blunt tip distally; valvae at distal two-thirds slightly broader than at base, with obliquely rounded tip, fibulae nearly triangular with rounded apex having long setae at both distal and external sides; sacculus well-developed; juxta short, as an inverse V-shaped structure with broad arms; saccus nearly round anteriorly with anterio-medial keel; phallus straight, cornuti as two bunches of small thorns positioned distally.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB64D46E1F6FA21277CFC91.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Turkey (Mardin and Sirvan) (Caradja 1916; Kemal & Koçak 2017; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFB64D46E1F6FA21277CFC91.taxon	discussion	Remarks 1. The two type specimens of P. delicatalis from Mardin (Turkey) (coll. MGAB) have forewings with narrower postmedial yellow bands and less visible discoidal spots. Pyrausta delicatalis is somewhat similar to pink coloured Pyrausta spp., but the basal and medial areas are normally entirely pink, while in similar species the basal area is yellow. The male genitalia are characterized by cornuti formed by two clusters of short spines in the apical part of the phallus. The shape of the cornuti of P. delicatalis is similar in brown coloured Pyrausta species, e. g. P. ferrealis, but the shape of the uncus is different, usually wider. Female genitalia are characterized by the shape of the antrum and colliculum (see below) and are unmistakable for this species. Remarks 2. This species was described by Caradja (1916) based on two males collected from Mardin (Turkey) and since then the female remained undescribed. During this study, one male and one female were found in HMIM from Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad (Sisakht) and Fars (Kazerun) Provinces, respectively. Externally, both male and female specimens were similar to each other and to that illustrated by Kemal & Koçak (2017), and their diagnostic features matched with the original description of the species (Caradja 1916). Therefore, they are considered identical with P. delicatalis Caradja. The female specimen is herewith described and illustrated. Additionally, since no detailed description of the male genitalia was presented by Caradja (1916), a redescription of the male genitalia is also provided. Length of the forewing in the single examined male deposited in HMIM, is 8.9 mm, ground colour of the forewing is light purple and of the hindwing slightly paler than that of the female. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA94D42E1F6FCE9272AF841.taxon	description	(Figs 6 A – F, 7 A – F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA94D42E1F6FCE9272AF841.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 22 ♂♂, 50 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♀, Tâleghân, Sabzân, 1550 m, 30. viii. - 1. ix. 1996, Badii, Barâri, Sarafrâzi leg.; Bushehr Prov.: 1 ♂, 10 km Dâlaki, 18. iv. 1977, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, 42 km N Marand, 1100 m, 7. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂, Sarâb, 1500 m, 12. vi. 1978, Hâshemi, Zairi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2530, HMIM); Fârs Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Kâzerun, Nowdân, 17. v. 1975, 1250 m, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Firuzâbâd, Ghir, 1160 m, 11. iv. 1975, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Tang-e Chogân, 30 km N Kâzerun, 930 m, 23. iii. 1973, Abâi leg.; Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♀, Qazvin- Alamut Rd., after Alamut mountain pass, sandy Rd. to Khanjarbolâgh vill., N 36 ˚ 24 ΄ 11 ˝, E 50 ˚ 12 ΄ 52 ˝, 2024 m, 1. - 2. vii. 2009, Rajaei, Meineke & Hofmann leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2666, HMIM); Hormozgân Prov.: 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs, Gohreh, 8. iii. 1971, Âyatollâhi, Pâzuki leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Bandar Abbâs- Minâb Rd. (km 15), 150 m, 1. iv. 1973, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2422, HA- 2425, HMIM), 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs, Rudân, 400 m, 4. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Minâb, 11. iii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♂, Jiroft, Esfandagheh, 20. iv. 1971, Safavi, Zairi leg.; Kermânshâh Prov.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Eslâmâbâd-e Gharb, Sorkheh Dizeh, 1600 m, 2. vii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg.; Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Ahwâz, Mollâsâni, 16. v. 1975, Borumand, Pâzuki leg.; Lorestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Dorud, Espar valley, 1500 - 1700 m, 7. - 8. vi. 2000, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2527, HMIM); Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♀, Malâr, 8. vii. 1971, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Rineh, 19. vii. 1971, Hâshemi, Zairi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2753, HMIM); North Khorâsân Prov.: 3 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1600 m, 26. - 29. v. 1986, Pâzuki leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Tehrân, Evin, 23, 28, 30. vii. 1971, 22, 30. viii. 1971, 9. vi. 1972, 11. vii. 1974, 9. v. 1974, no collector is given (gen. prep. HA- 2524, HMIM), 2 ♀♀, Firuzkuh, Zarrin Dasht, 1980 m, 21. viii. 1984, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Firuzkuh, Chehel Cheshmeh, 2000 m, 24. vi. 1998, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Bâzargân, 1450 m, 5. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀, 15 km S Mâku, 1050 m, 4, 6. vi. 1975, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2423, HA- 2762, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 15 km NE Mâku, 6. vi. 1975, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2424, HMIM), 1 ♀, 15 km NE Sardasht, 23. vi. 1975, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2529, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA94D42E1F6FCE9272AF841.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern part of Europe. A rather local species in Central Europe, W Ukraine (probably), Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, Palestine, Armenia, Azerbaijan (Ordubad), Syria, Iraq and Iran including Alborz (Karaj), Fars (Cherom, Sepidan, Shiraz, Sineh Sefid), Golestan (Golestan National Park: Almeh), Mazandaran (Tarsi Kola) and Sistan and Baluchestan (Taftan Mt.) Provinces (Zerny 1940; Amsel 1961; Wieser et al. 2002; Slamka 2013). This species has also been reported from Afghanistan (Gulbahar- Sarobi Rd. [type locality of P. perkeo], Kabul, Gulbahar, Sarobi, Pol-i-Kharchi, Tanghi Gharuh, Khurd Kabul, Paghman) and Pakistan (20 km SE of Quetta) (Amsel 1970).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA94D42E1F6FCE9272AF841.taxon	discussion	Remarks 1. According to Amsel (1970), Pyrausta perkeo and P. virginalis are indistinguishable from each other based on male and female genitalia, and the only difference is the considerably smaller size of P. perkeo compared with P. virginalis (wingspan of P. perkeo 11 – 13 mm, rarely 14 or even 16 mm; wingspan of P. virginalis 18 – 20 mm, at least 16 mm and sometimes 22 mm (Amsel 1970 )). In this study, we examined 22 males and 50 females of P. virginalis collected from different parts of Iran and housed in HMIM and compared these with figures of the holotype, paratype and another two specimens of P. perkeo collected from Iran and deposited in SMNK (Fig. 5 B – F). The length of the forewing in the examined males of P. virginalis was 6.5 – 10.9 mm (x = 8.36 mm ± 1.32, n = 21) and that of the females was 7.0 – 10.5 mm (x = 8.51 mm ± 0.71, n = 37). The wingspans of our examined P. virginalis males and females were 14.0 – 22.5 mm and 13.5 – 20.5 mm, respectively. Therefore, due to the overlap in wingspan of these two species, wing size cannot be considered a reliable character to separate P. virginalis and P. perkeo from each other. Additionally, in our opinion, the differences in the wing pattern noted by Amsel (1970), i. e., narrower red costal band of P. perkeo compared with P. viginalis (completely red colour of the second cross line in P. viginalis which was slightly different in P. perkeo and much lighter hindwing of P. perkeo), are intraspecific variations of P. virginalis, as discussed below. Considering these findings and their identical genitalia structure (Figs 8 A – G, I, 9 A – I), we consider P. virginalis to be a senior synonym of P. perkeo syn. n. Remarks 2. Amsel (1961) reported P. virginalis from Alborz (Karaj), Fars (Cherom, Shiraz, Sepidan) and Sistan and Baluchestan (Taftan Mt.) Provinces; however, in 1970 while describing Pyrausta perkeo from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran (Taftan Mt.), he noted that all the specimens identified as P. virginalis belong to the newly described species, P. perkeo (Amsel 1970). Remarks 3. During this study, 22 males and 50 females of P. virginalis as well as the genitalia of three males and six females were examined. The results showed that two to three different forms are distinguishable among them mainly based on the ground colour and pattern of the forewing. In some populations (e. g., those collected in Firuzkuh [Tehran Province]) (Fig. 6 A, B), both fore- and hindwings are bright, with a bright area between the postmedial and antemedial lines and a relatively narrow purple marginal band (nearly like the specimens presented by Slamka (2013: 282, 283) as P. cf. virginalis and collected from Greece). In these specimens, the reniform discoidal spot of the forewing can easily be distinguished (Figs 6 A, B, 7 B – F). There is an intraspecific variation in width of the area between antemedial and postmedial lines in the latter population. In some specimens the distance between the lines is narrower (Figs 6 A, 7 B, E, F) than in others (Figs 6 B, 7 C), even among those with the same collecting data. The ground colour of the hindwing in this form varies from creamy to pale brownish-creamy and pale brown (Figs 6 A, B, 7 B – F). External variability of P. virginalis can also be seen in most of the specimens collected in the West and East Azarbaijan, North Khorasan and Lorestan Provinces. In these populations, the fore- and hindwings are darker with pinkish-purple area between the postmedial and antemedial lines, a distinctly broader purple marginal band and a nearly indistinguishable reniform discoidal spot of the forewing (Fig. 6 C). A small yellow area is often visible basal to the discoid spot in these specimens, and the width of the area between antemedial and postmedial lines also varies. The hindwing of these populations is normally pale brown with a pink tint at the posterior end (Fig. 6 C). These populations are similar to the nominotypical form presented by Slamka (2013: 283). Among the Tehran (Evin) populations there was a single female that was similar to the nominotypical form. The specimens collected from Fars, Kerman, Kermanshah, Bushehr and Hormozgan Provinces and a single female collected from NE Sardasht (West Azarbaijan Province), form the third group which is intermediate between the two above mentioned forms (Figs 6 D – F, 7 A). They mostly match with P. virginalis ab. tristriatalis presented by Slamka (2013: 282, 283). These specimens are variable in the width of the marginal band of the forewing, the colour of the area between antemedial and postmedial lines of the forewing, and the hindwing’s ground colour itself. For example, among the specimens collected in Hormozgan Province, some specimens have a creamy hindwing and the narrowest width of the marginal band of the forewing (Fig. 6 F), while others with identical collecting data have a darker hindwing with a broader marginal band, but slightly different colour of the area between antemedial and postmedial lines (Fig. 6 D, E). In the specimens collected in Kermanshah Province, the area between antemedial and postmedial lines is brighter (Fig. 7 A). A small variation in colour of the latter area was also stated by Amsel (1961), in a way that in the holotype it was more or less covered with dark scales, whereas the paratype had lighter scales in that area (Amsel 1961). None of these forms is limited to a specific geographical region. The intraspecific variations were also observed in the male genitalia structure of P. virginalis, especially the uncus tip (Fig. 8 A – C) and cornuti structure (Fig. 8 A, D – F). Also, in the female genitalia of examined specimens there is an intraspecific variation in the length of the area bearing sclerotized spines at the posterior end of the ductus bursae (Fig. 9 A – D).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFAE4D40E1F6F93E2248FC9E.taxon	description	(Fig. 10 A – E)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFAE4D40E1F6F93E2248FC9E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. NHRS: 1 ♂, holotype, Iran, Baluchestan, Kuh-e Taftan (Khash), 2500 m, 1938, Brandt leg. (gen. prep. GU 3569 A; NHRS-TOBI 000005081). HMIM: 2 ♀♀, Iran, Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Khâsh, Kusheh, 2000 m, 21. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2844, HMIM), 1 ♀, Khâsh, Taftân Mt., Jamchin vill., N 28 ˚ 35 ΄, E 61 ˚ 03 ΄, 2500 m, 10. iv. 2004, Rajâei leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2477, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFAE4D40E1F6F93E2248FC9E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan Province (Taftan Mt.) (Amsel 1961).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFAE4D40E1F6F93E2248FC9E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pyrausta taftanalis was described by Amsel (1961) based on two males collected in Taftan Mt. and since then the female remained undescribed. During this study, we examined two females collected in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, with one of them exactly from the type locality of P. taftanalis. These two females (Fig. 10 C – E) were very similar to P. taftanalis (Fig. 10 A, B) and partly to one of the Iranian P. virginalis specimens collected in Hormozgan Province (Fig. 6 E). Examining their female genitalia showed that in the specimens collected in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, the antrum is longer and wider than in P. virginalis and the signum also differs (Fig. 9 A – I). It is most probable that these two moths are the unknown females of P. taftanalis; however it is necessary to have the males from the same locality for more certainty. We compared the male genitalia of the examined Iranian P. virginalis with that of the P. taftanalis holotype. Amsel (1961) stated that the uncus of P. taftanalis was wider than that of P. virginalis, and that the phallus had a sharp cornutus, which was absent in P. virginalis. Based on the results obtained in this study, the main differences in the male genitalia of these two species are: 1) The nearly triangular uncus of P. virginalis (Fig. 8 A – C) compared with that of P. taftanalis (Fig. 8 J); 2) The different shape of the juxta in these two species (Fig. 8 A, G, H, J); and 3) The apex of the valva, which has a steeper slope in P. taftanalis (Fig. 8 J) compared with P. viginalis (Fig. 8 A). In both species the phallus always has deciduous feather-like multi-branched cornuti (Fig. 8 A, D – F, J), which sometimes break off during copulation and remain within the female genital tract (Fig. 8 A).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFAF4D40E1F6FC1C2202F8B9.taxon	description	(Fig. 10 F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFAF4D40E1F6FC1C2202F8B9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 19 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Âsârâ, 40 km N Karaj, 1850 m, 27. vi. 1971, Safavi, Borumand, Kâviân, Ghâzioff leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2528, HMIM); East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, 42 km N Marand, 1100 m, 7. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Kâghazkonân protected area, Âghkand, Hâjimir vill. to Mendejin vill. Rd., 5.5 km to Mendejin, vill., N 37 ˚ 21´19 ˝, E 48 ˚ 11´60 ˝, 1220 m, 15. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kâghazkonân protected area, Sarcham- Ardebil Rd., 1.7 km after Gharâb-e Olyâ, N 37 ˚ 25´13 ˝, E 48 ˚ 8´1 ˝, 1760 m, 16. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Gilân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Lowshân, Bivarzin, 900 m, 27. - 28. v. 1997, Badii, V. Nazari, Sarafrâzi leg.; Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♂, Rudbâr-e Shahrestân, Daryâbak, 2150 m, 12. vi. 1995, Parchami-Arâghi, Ebrâhimi, Ardeh leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Bâzargân, 1450 m, 5. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 6 ♂♂, 15 km S Mâku, 1050 m, 4. vi. 1975, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2526, HMIM); Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♀, Mâhneshân, Damerloo Mt., N 36 ˚ 42 ΄ 11.4 ˝, E 47 ˚ 54 ΄ 12.1 ˝, 2212 m, 30. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg., 2 ♀♀, Tehem, Tâzehkand, N 36 ˚ 55 ΄ 25.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 42 ΄ 51.4 ˝, 1433 m, 26. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg., 1 ♂, Zanjân- Âbbar Rd., 40 km to Zanjân, N 36 ˚ 44 ΄ 07.8 ˝, E 48 ˚ 47 ΄ 34.2 ˝, 1706 m, 5. vi. 2012, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2488, HMIM), 4 ♂♂, Sorkhâbâd protected area, Sohrein vill. to Dagâhi vill. Rd., 6 km to Dagâhi vill., N 36 ˚ 53´03.8 ˝, E 48 ˚ 28´08.3 ˝, 2084 m, 13. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Sorkhâbâd protected area, Armaghânkhâneh, Meshkin vill. to Galjin vill. Rd., 12 km to Galjin vill., N 37 ˚ 3´29 ˝, E 48 ˚ 22´49 ˝, 2174 m, 14. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFAF4D40E1F6FC1C2202F8B9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Albania, Bulgaria, central part of European Russia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia (including the regions of Kosovo and Vojvodina), Slovenia, Czech Republic, French mainland, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, north Macedonia, Romania, Spanish mainland, Ukraine, south of Siberia; Morocco; Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan (Ordubad), Iran: Alborz (Nesa), Fars (Komehr and Kuli Kash) and Mazandaran (Tarsi Kola) Provinces (Zerny 1940; Amsel 1961; Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA14D4DE1F6FF00234AFE77.taxon	description	(Fig. 11 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA14D4DE1F6FF00234AFE77.taxon	description	Syn.: Pyralis haematalis H ̧ bner, 1818 – 1819: pl. 28 fig. 178.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA14D4DE1F6FF00234AFE77.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 50 ♂♂, 41 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Taleghân, 8 km W Zidasht, 2200 m, 10. - 13. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 1 ♂, Sâvojbolâgh, E. Gatehdeh, Elburz Mt., N 36 ˚ 10 ΄ 39.6 ˝, E 51 ˚ 02 ΄ 20.9 ˝, 2260 m, 31. vii. - 01. viii. 2007, Zahiri, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♀, Moghân, 19. vii. 1967, Damanâbi leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Vâyeghân, 1440 m, 5. - 6. viii. 1992, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Tâtâr, Aras river, N 39 ˚ 01 ΄ 12.2 ˝, E 46 ˚ 44 ΄ 29.4 ˝, 350 m, 29. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri, Falsafi leg.; Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Kâshân, Karkas Mt., Bidhand, 2200 m, 4. - 7. viii. 1983, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Abyâneh, 14. - 16. vi. 1984, 2300 m, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Natanz, Abyâneh, 2200 m, 11. viii. 1988, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Natanz, Targh, 2630 m, 8. vii. 2003, Ghayurfar, Ebert, Trusch, Nematiân leg., 3 ♂♂, Natanz, Targh, Vargurân vill., N 33 ˚ 23 ΄ 17.28 ˝, E 51 ˚ 48 ΄ 45.18 ˝, 2241 m, 13. viii. 2010, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg., 2 ♂♂, Natanz, Targh, Mazdeh, N 33 ˚ 23 ΄ 36.24 ˝, E 51 ˚ 49 ΄ 56.52 ˝, 2192 m, 12. viii. 2010, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg., 2 ♀♀, Natanz, Tâmeh, N 33 ˚ 27 ΄ 43.44 ˝, E 51 ˚ 50 ΄ 52.44 ˝, 2283 m, 11. viii. 2010, Nematiân, Âlipanâh leg., 2 ♀♀, 2 km NE Semirom, Zagros Mt., 2600 m, 18. ix. 2001, Gyulai, Garai leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♂, Shirâz, 10 km N Sivand, 1700 m, 15. v. 1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Kâmfiruz, Tang-e Bostânak, 1680 m, 29. ix. 1996, Badii, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; Qom Prov.: 1 ♂, 8 km S Fordu, Vesf, 2320 m, 26. - 28. vii. 1983, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♂, Asâlem, Parehsar, 14. v. 1977, Abâi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Gorgân, Gorgân lab.,?. vi. 1974, no collector is given, 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Mazârli, 19. - 20. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 620 m, 23. - 25. v. 1986, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, N 37 ˚ 22 ΄ 14.7 ˝, E 55 ˚ 56 ΄ 00.0 ˝, 718 m, 6. ix. 2009, Âlipanâh, Buszko leg., 2 ♂♂, Golestân National Park, Golzâr camping, 840 m, 25. ix. 2000, Ghayurfar, Gilâsiân leg.; Ilâm Prov.: 1 ♀, Mehrân, 20. v. 1970, Abâi leg.; Kermân Prov: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Jiroft, Esfandagheh, Sargaz, 1650 m, 20. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Mehriz- Anâr Rd. (27 km to Anâr), 8 km S Dehaj vill., Dehaj protected area, near Ayub cave, N 30 ˚ 36 ΄ 20.4 ˝, E 54 ˚ 52 ΄ 31.6 ˝, 2595 m, 2. vi. 2017, Âlipanâh, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♀, Bizhan, 6 km N Sisakht, Dena Mt., 2900 m, 19. ix. 2001, Gyulai, Garai leg.; Lorestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Dorud, Espar valley, 1550 - 1700 m, 7. - 8. vi. 2000, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Golestân National Park, Sulgerd, 1100 m, 23. - 24. viii. 1984, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Bojnurd, Izmân, 1350 m, 19. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, Bojnurd, Izmân, 1135 m, 17. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg., 3 ♂♂, Âshkhâneh, Mehmânak vill., N 37 ˚ 29 ΄ 36.5 ˝, E 56 ˚ 52 ΄ 27.6 ˝, 1040 m, 17. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♀, Mashhad, Torogh, 16. viii. 1971, Shâhrokhi leg., 1 ♂, Zoshk, 11. ix. 1971, Shâhrokhi leg., 1 ♂, Zoshk, Binâlud, 2000 m, 19. vi. 1974, Rajabi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, N Binâlud Mt., 1800 m, 11. - 12. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, Ghuchân- Bâjgirân Rd., 46 km N Ghuchân, Dorbâdâm protected area, N 37 ˚ 25 ΄ 25.5 ˝, E 58 ˚ 31 ΄ 34.0 ˝, 1800 m, 20. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2515, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, Daregaz, 1. viii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♂, Daregaz, N Tandoreh National Park, Chelmir, N 37 ˚ 23 ΄ 33.6 ˝, E 58 ˚ 51 ΄ 23.3 ˝, 1018 m, 24. vi. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Daregaz, N Tandoreh National Park, Chelmir- Bandak Rd., near Bandak, N 37 ˚ 23 ΄ 54.2 ˝, E 58 ˚ 47 ΄ 02.0 ˝, 1383 m, 25. vi. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 4 ♂♂, Daregaz, N Tandoreh National Park, 6 km after Chelmir, Cheshmeh Rajab, N 37 ˚ 23 ΄ 35.9 ˝, E 58 ˚ 48 ΄ 35.8 ˝, 1206 m, 26. vi. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Daregaz- Kalât-e Nâder Rd., Lâeen vill. to Khâkestar vill. Rd., before Châhârrâh vill., Hezârmasjed Mts, N 37 ˚ 02 ΄ 39.5 ˝, E 59 ˚ 26 ΄ 10.11 ˝, 1344 m, 27. vi. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Daregaz- Kalât-e Nâder Rd., Lâeen vill. to Khâkestar vill. Rd. (2.3 km after Châhârrâh vill.), Hezârmasjed Mts, N 37 ˚ 02 ΄ 48.3 ˝, E 59 ˚ 24 ΄ 54.5 ˝, 1485 m, 28. vi. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, N Tandoreh National Park, 56 km after Tivân Ranger Sta., Dolatshânloo vill. Rd. (km 15), Bâbâneyestân, N 37 ˚ 30 ΄ 13.9 ˝, E 58 ˚ 45 ΄ 00.5 ˝, 1178 m, 6. vi. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2657, HMIM); Semnân Prov.: 5 ♀♀, Shâhrud, SS Shâhvâr Mt., 2030 m, 26. - 28. viii. 1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Khâsh, 11 km NE Kârvândar, 1300 m, 13. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg.; Tehrân prov.: 1 ♀, Evin, 1600 m, 15. vii. 1971, 6. vii. 1973, no collector is given; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, Orumiyeh, Kahriz, 20. viii. 1956, no collector is given, 1 ♂, 50 km Sardasht, Pirânshahr, 1400 m, 16. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, 15 km NE Sardasht, 23. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Poldasht- Mâku Rd. (2 km E Mâku), N 39 ˚ 16 ΄ 58.5 ˝, E 44 ˚ 41 ΄ 1.2 ˝, 996 m, 17. ix. 2011, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA14D4DE1F6FF00234AFE77.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Most parts of Europe; Transcaucasia; Central Asia; Turkey, Siberia, India, China (Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014), Iran: Ardebil (Moghan), Golestan (Golestan National Park [Sasan and Tang-e Gol], Gorgan) and Mazandaran (Polur, Tarsi Kola) Provinces (Lederer 1871; Zerny 1940; Mirzayans & Kalali 1970; Wieser et al. 2002).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA14D4DE1F6FF00234AFE77.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A form of this species, P. sanguinalis f. haematalis H ̧ bner, was reported by Amsel (1961) from the Alborz (Osman Mt., Elburs), Fars (Komehr, Shiraz), Hormozgan (Sarzeh) and Razavi Khorasan (Binalud Mt.) Provinces. In this study we examined 50 males and 41 females collected from most parts of Iran. In all the examined specimens, there is a yellow blotch in the purple-red medial area of the forewing (Fig. 11 A), and the width of the marginal purple-red band is slightly variable, even among the specimens with the same collecting data.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA24D4AE1F6FDB422ACFE0A.taxon	description	(Fig. 11 B, C)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA24D4AE1F6FDB422ACFE0A.taxon	description	Syn.: Phalaena Tortrix koenigiana O. F. M ̧ ller, 1764: 53.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA24D4AE1F6FDB422ACFE0A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 184 ♂♂, 45 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, Karaj, 28. vii. 1971, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Karaj, 3. ix. 1990, no collector is given, 2 ♂♂, Karaj, Shâhdasht, 1160 m, 15. iv. 1976, Rajabi leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Karaj, Arangeh, 19. viii. 1978, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 2 ♂♂, Âsârâ, 40 km N Karaj, 1850 m, 27. vi. 1971, Safavi, Borumand, Kâviân, Ghâzioff leg., 1 ♂, Tâleghân, Sabzân, 1550 m, 30. viii. - 1. ix. 1996, Badii, Barâri, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♂, Tâleghân, 26. - 31. vii. 1976, Kâviân leg.; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♂, Heyrân- Ardebil Rd., 1200 m, 16. viii. 1970, Naim leg., 1 ♂, Ardebil, 10 km N Namin, 1450 m, 15. viii. 1991, Hâshemi, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; Châhârmahâl and Bakhtiâri Prov.: 1 ♂, Gandomân, Sabzkuh, 2450 m, 11. - 14. vii. 1983, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Shahrekord, 21. vii. 1974, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 1 ♂, Shahrekord, Farrokhshahr, 23. vii. 1974, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Khoy, 30 km Qotur, 1480 m, 19. vii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Bostânâbâd, 1675 m, 24. viii. 1994, Sarafrâzi, Ebrâhimi leg., 1 ♂, Marâgheh, Alov Kandi, 1650 m, 15. viii. 1994, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Tâtâr, N 38 ˚ 21 ΄ 53.9 ˝, E 47 ˚ 51 ΄ 43.4 ˝, 345 m, 27. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri, Falsafi leg., 1 ♀, Kaleybar, Âinâloo, N 38 ˚ 53 ˊ 17.9 ˝, E 46 ˚ 48 ˊ 03.2 ˝, 1463 m, 17. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♂, Semirom, Sivar, 2150 m, 9. viii. 1978, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Natanz, Targh, Vargurân vill., N 33 ˚ 23 ΄ 17.28 ˝, E 51 ˚ 48 ΄ 45.18 ˝, 2241 m, 13. viii. 2010, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, Khânsâr, Golestân Kuh, 2700 m, 3, 4. vii. 1983, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Denâ Mt., E Komeh- Khafr Rd., 2500 m, 9. vi. 2005, Hofmann, Meineke leg., 7 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Ardestân, Mahâbâd, 950 m, Ebrâhimi, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♂, Shirâz, Bamoo, 1700 m, 25. ix. 1996, Barâri, Parchami-Arâghi, Moghaddam leg., 3 ♂♂, Sepidân, Mârgoon waterfall, 1910 m, 28. ix. 1996, Barâri, Parchami-Arâghi, Moghaddam leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Dasht-e Arzhan, 1950 m, 13. v. 1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Nowdân, 1100 m, 13. ix. 1974, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Nowdân, 1250 m, 17. v. 1975, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Jahrom, 13. ix. 1971, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Farâshband, 15. iv. 1966, Mojibi, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Khafr, Khâvarân, 1450 m, 16. xi. 1997, V. Nazari, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♀, Qazvin, Chingar, 1320 m, 7. vi. 1995, Parcham-Arâghi, Ebrâhimi, Ardeh leg., 1 ♂, Rudbâr-e Shahrestân, Daryâbak, 2150 m, 12. vi. 1995, Parchami-Arâghi, Ebrâhimi, Ardeh leg., 1 ♂, Rudbâr-e Shahrestân, Falâr, 1150 m, 25. vi. 1994, Ebrâhimi leg.; Gilân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Amârloo, 28. ix. 1970, Ebert, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Pisâson, 1150 m, 7. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Bandar Anzali, 8. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Farahbakhsh leg., 1 ♀, Lâhijân, Siâhkal, Bâlârud, 270 m, 12. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Rudbâr, Arbenâb, Dorfak, 2400 - 2700 m, 29. - 31. vii. 1999, Ebrâhimi, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 6 ♂♂, Rahimâbâd, Leymâ, Samâmus, 1500 - 2500 m, 6. - 7. viii. 1999, Ebrâhimi, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♂, Mâsuleh, Mâsuleh- Khalkhâl Rd., N 37 ˚ 09 ΄ 45.7 ˝, E 48 ˚ 59 ΄ 54.8 ˝, 1150 m, 13. ix. 2008, Âlipanâh, Buszko, Falsafi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 630 m, 4. - 5. ix. 1987, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 700 m, 24. - 27. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, Gâlikesh, 190 m, 28. ix. 2000, Ghayurfar, Gilâsiân leg., 1 ♂, Gorgân, Aliâbâd, Shirinâbâd, 22. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg.; Hamedân Prov.: 1 ♀, Barât, 2350 m, 8. viii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♂, Târik Darreh, 2000 m, 26. vii. 1987, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg.; Ilâm Prov.: 1 ♂, Mehrân, 20. v. 1970, Abâi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♂, Lâlehzâr, 7. vi. 1971, Hâshemi, Naim leg., 1 ♂, Jebâl-e Bârez, 12. vi. 1971, Naim, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Râbor, 2700 m, 28. - 29. x. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Bâft, Darreh Pahn, 1750 m, 21. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂, Jiroft, Narâb, 15. - 17. xi. 1999, Badii, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Shâdegân, 50 m, 17. xi. 1995, Badii, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Izeh, Susan, 600 m, 26. iv. 1995, Badii, Ardeh, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Sisakht, Tang-e Kuhgol, 2300 m, 9. ix. 1991, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Kordestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Marivân, Kânisânân, 1320 m, 9. viii. 2004, Ghayurfar, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, Sanandaj, Ariz, 2200 m, 5. vii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Ghorveh, Badr-o Parishân Mt., N 35 ˚ 02 ΄ 41.7 ˝, E 47 ˚ 48 ΄ 22.8 ˝, 2374 m, 4. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Markazi Prov.: 1 ♀, Âshtiân, Âhoo, Bidsukhteh valley, 2000 m, 29. vii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, Zirâb, 3 km W Kelârijân, 950 m, 2. - 3. x. 1981, Pâzuki leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2857, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, Kojur, Nichkuh, 1900 m, 12. ix. 1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 2 ♂♂, Kelârdasht, Toydarreh, Mâzichâl, 1400 m, 24. v. 2003, Gilâsiân, Nematiân leg., 2 ♂♂, Râmsar, Javâherdeh, 1700 m, 8. ix. 1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, Râmsar, 6 km Javâherdeh, N 36 ˚ 54 ΄ 29.3 ˝, E 50 ˚ 35 ΄ 13.2 ˝, 554 m, 23. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri leg., 1 ♀, Châlakrud, Ekrâsar, 1560 m, 11. ix. 1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, Kelârdasht, Mâzichâl, 1200 m, 13. vii. 2000, Ebrâhimi, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Deuve leg., 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, 7. viii. 1969, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Chamestân, Vâz vill., N 36 ˚ 21 ΄ 49.6 ˝, E 52 ˚ 06 ΄ 03.1 ˝, 557 m, 28. vi. 2007, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Khosrawiyeh, Âlâdâgh, 1600 m, 16. vi. 1974, Rajabi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, 20 km SE Esfarâyen, Rishi, 1350 m, 16. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 2 ♀♀, Âshkhâneh- Bojnurd Rd., 15 km E Bojnurd, N 37 ˚ 31 ΄ 31.6 ˝, E 57 ˚ 08 ΄ 08.4 ˝, 1058 m, 16. vi. 2013, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♀, Âshkhâneh- Chamanbid Rd., 17 km after Jozak vill., Jozak Tree Industry, N 37 ˚ 25 ΄ 25.2 ˝, E 56 ˚ 40 ΄ 28.2 ˝, 1148 m, 1. vii. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Âshkhâneh, Mehmânak vill., N 37 ˚ 29 ΄ 36.5 ˝, E 56 ˚ 52 ΄ 27.6 ˝, 1040 m, 17. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, N Shirvân, Kopet Dâgh Mt., Sarâni vill., Sarâni protected area, N 37 ˚ 48 ΄ 22.5 ˝, E 57 ˚ 56 ΄ 29.7 ˝, 1500 m, 22. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Neyshâbur, 23. ix. 1972, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Neyshâbur, Bozhân, 1350 m, 20. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, Mashhad, 7. viii. 1968, Shâhrokhi leg., 1 ♀, Mashhad, Torogh, 3. vii. 1971, Kalâli leg., 1 ♂, Mashhad, Torogh, 28. vii. 1971, Shâhrokhi leg., 1 ♀, 20 km S Mashhad, 1000 m, 3. ix. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 1 ♂, Torbat-e Heydariyeh, Rudmajan, 19. vii. 1971, Âyatollâhi, Pâzuki leg., 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Fadiheh, 20. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 3 ♂♂, Kâshmar, 24. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 3 ♂♂, Kâshmar, 24. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♀, Ghuchân- Bâjgirân Rd., 46 km N Ghuchân, Dorbâdâm protected area, N 37 ˚ 25 ΄ 25.5 ˝, E 58 ˚ 31 ΄ 34.0 ˝, 1800 m, 20. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Daregaz, 3. viii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Daregaz- Kalât-e Nâder Rd., Lâeen vill. to Khâkestar vill. Rd., before Châhârrâh vill., Hezârmasjed Mts, N 37 ˚ 02 ΄ 39.5 ˝, E 59 ˚ 26 ΄ 10.11 ˝, 1344 m, 27. vi. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♀, Sarakhs, Tajan, 250 m, 17. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Dasht-e Shâd, 1390 m, 25. - 26. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg., 3 ♂♂, Shâhrud, SS Shâhvâr Mt., 2030 m, 26. - 28. viii. 1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 18 ♂♂, Sarâvân, Bakhshân, 1140 m, 19. xii. 1992, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 2 ♂♂, Sarâvân, Jâlgh, 4. vi. 1996, Mirzâyâns, Borumand, Âvand-Faghih, Ebrâhimi leg., 2 ♂♂, Sarâvân, Kahnuk, 1150 m, 20. - 21. xii. 1992, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, Khâsh, Kusheh, 2000 m, 21. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, Zâhedân, 5 km S Lâdiz cave, Alenjân, N 28 ˚ 54 ΄ 57.5 ˝, E 61 ˚ 18 ΄ 24.8 ˝, 1. xi. 2004, Moghaddam, Hâjiesmailiân, Nâserzâdeh leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 40 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Tehrân, Evin, 15, 18, 22, 28. vii. 1970, 26. viii. 1970, 29. v. 1971, 7, 8, 15, 16, 21, 23, 27. vi. 1971, 3, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 31. vii. 1971, 1, 6, 9, 12, 13, 23, 29. viii. 1971, 8, 10. ix. 1971, 8. x. 1971, 27. iv. 1972, 1600 m, 8, 12, 14. vi. 1972, 28. ix. 1972, 10, 11, 24. vi. 1973, 21, 22, 25. vii. 1973, 11, 12, 26. vi. 1974, 11. vii. 1974, 15. ix. 1974, 9, 13. vi. 1976, no collector is given, 3 ♀♀, Varâmin, 24. vii. 1949, 4. viii. 1969, Eghlidi leg., 2 ♂♂, Shemshak, 25. vii. 1969, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg., 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Damâvand, Âbsard, 1900 m, 3. - 7. vii. 1978, Pâzuki, Sabzevâri leg., 1 ♂, Firuzkuh, Hesârbon, 1600 m, 5. - 6. x. 1981, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Firuzkuh, Chehel Cheshmeh, 1920 m, 21. viii. 1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 9. ix. 1976, no collector is given, 3 ♂♂, Bâzargân, 1470 m, 11. ix. 1975, Abâi leg.; Zanjân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Soltâniyeh, Asadâbâd, 1750 m, 14. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♂, Soltâniyeh, Geydâr, 1950 m, 2. vii. 1974, Termeh, Musavi leg., 1 ♂, Tehem, Tâzehkand, N 36 ˚ 55 ΄ 25.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 42 ΄ 51.4 ˝, 1433 m, 26. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA24D4AE1F6FDB422ACFE0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. All of Europe excluding the northernmost parts; Transcaucasia; Central Asia; Far East; Turkey, Morocco, Siberia, Afghanistan, north of India, Korea, China, North America (Slamka, 2013), Iran: Alborz (Karaj, Kandovan Rd.), Fars (Dasht-e Arzhan, Komehr, Shiraz, Sineh Sefid, Sheykh Rash), Golestan (Golestan National Park [Ghaleh Palangan] and Gorgan), Hamedan (Hamedan, Soltanabad), Mazandaran (Polur, Tarsi Kola) and Tehran (Firuzkuh, Tehran) Provinces (Lederer 1871; Zerny 1940; Amsel 1961; Wieser et al. 2002).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA24D4AE1F6FDB422ACFE0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In examined specimens, the ground colour of the forewing varies from pale brownish-orange to pale ochreous-brown, pale brown to greyish-brown (Fig. 11 B, C). A few specimens have dark ochreous-brown ground colour. The females (Fig. 11 B) have more contrasting markings compared with the males (Fig. 11 C).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D4AE1F6FE6826B3FBA8.taxon	description	(Fig. 11 D)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D4AE1F6FE6826B3FBA8.taxon	description	Syn.: Tinea bimaculosa Fourcroy, 1785: 329.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D4AE1F6FE6826B3FBA8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Koylar, 1250 m, 23. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D4AE1F6FE6826B3FBA8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern and Central Europe, European part of Russia, Dagestan, Turkey, south of Siberia (Slamka 2013), Iran: Golestan Province (Golestan National Park [Tang-e Gol] and Gorgan) (Lederer 1871, Wieser et al. 2002).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D49E1F6FBF527B2FAF2.taxon	description	(Figs 11 E, F, 12 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D49E1F6FBF527B2FAF2.taxon	description	Syn.: Botys purpuralis var. meridionalis Staudinger, 1879: 168.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D49E1F6FBF527B2FAF2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 61 ♂♂, 40 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, Karaj, Sarvdâr, 10. v. 1969, Bahreini leg., 1 ♀, Karaj, Kalhâ, 2000 m, 25. - 26. viii. 1996, Barâri, Badii, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♀, Tâleghân, Sabzân, 1550 m, 30. viii. - 1. ix. 1996, Badii, Barâri, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♀, Âsârâ, 40 km N Karaj, 27. vi. 1971, Safavi, Borumand, Kâviân, Ghâzioff leg.; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♂, Ardebil, 10 km N Namin, 1450 m, 15. viii. 1991, Hâshemi, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Kaleybar, Vâyeghân, 1440 m, 5. - 6. viii. 1992, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Kaleybar, Âinâloo, Alhord, Arasbârân forest, N 38 ˚ 55 ΄ 1.1 ˝, E 46 ˚ 47 ΄ 38 ˝, 1440 m, 28. vii. 2007, Zahiri, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♂, Kaleybar, N 38 ˚ 50 ΄ 33.9 ˝, E 47 ˚ 00 ΄ 28.3 ˝, 1791 m, 22. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Nurâbâd, 1550 m, 12. ix. 1974, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg.; Qom Prov.: 1 ♀, Qom Lake, 21. vi. 1975, Abâi leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Asâlem, Shondol, 950 m, 9. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Farahbakhsh leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bandar Anzali, 30 km S Asâlem, Punel, 250 m, 12. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Ilkhâni leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Asâlem, Pisâson, 1300 m, 15. - 16. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Sheykh Mahal, 160 m, 28. - 30. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 3 ♂♂, 15 km Asâlem- Pisâson Rd., 220 m, 30. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, 15 km Tâlesh, Rek, 570 m, 31. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Tâlesh, Tulârud, N 37 ˚ 45 ΄ 12.2 ˝, E 48 ˚ 54 ΄ 50.6 ˝, 144 m, 17. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♀, Eshkevar, Siâkoshân, 320 m, 25. vi. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Heyrân mountain pass, 1128 m, 10. ix. 2004, Moghaddam, Hâjiesmailiân leg., 1 ♀, Deylamân, Maloumeh vill. Rd., N 36 ˚ 51 ΄ 40.7 ˝, E 49 ˚ 55 ΄ 23.8 ˝, 1325 m, 3. viii. 2008, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg., 1 ♀, Amârloo, 28. ix. 1970, Ebert, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Âstârâ, N 38 ˚ 17 ΄ 14.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 52 ΄ 22.1 ˝, 46 m, 18. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Mazârli, 530 m, 19. - 20. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, N 37 ˚ 22 ΄ 14.7 ˝, E 55 ˚ 56 ΄ 00.0 ˝, 718 m, 6. ix. 2009, Âlipanâh, Buszko leg.; Hamedân Prov.: 1 ♀, Âvaj, 2080 m, 10. viii. 1996, Barâri, V. Nazari, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; Kermân Prov: 4 ♂♂, Jiroft, Esfandagheh, Sargaz, 1650 m, 20. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Bâft, Lâlehzâr, 2800 m, 29. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Jebâl-e Bârez, 12. vi. 1971, Naim, Hâshemi leg.; Kermânshâh Prov.: 1 ♀, Mâhidasht, Châhârzebar-e Olyâ, 1500 m, 21. viii. 1996, Parchami-Arâghi, Barâri, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, 5 km E Kangâvar, 1500 m, 29. vi. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg.; Kordestân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Marivân, Kânisânân, 1320 m, 9. viii. 2004, Ghayurfar, Nematiân leg.; Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Minu Isl., 29. iv. 1976, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂, Behbahân, 350 m, 3. v. 1995, Parchami-Arâghi, Ardeh, Badii leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Kelârdasht, Toydarreh, Mâzichâl, 1400 m, 24. v. 2003, Gilâsiân, Nematiân leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2480, HMIM), 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, 22. vii. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, Dohezâr, 650 m, 29, 30. v. 2003, Gilâsiân, Hâjiesmailiân leg., 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, Dohezâr, N 36 ˚ 38 ΄ 27.5 ˝, E 50 ˚ 43 ΄ 11.5 ˝, 606 m, 5. x. 2007, Âlipanâh, Buszko, Zahiri leg., 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, Sehezâr, Âsh Mahalleh, 760 m, 7. ix. 1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Malâr, 15. viii. 1971, Sabzevâri leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Râmsar, Dâlikhâni, 950 m, 1. ix. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 2 ♀♀, Zirâb, Palang Darreh, 540 m, 24. - 25. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 1 ♀, Sari, Amreh II vill., Amreh forest, 500 m, 10. vi. 2005, Nematiân, Âlipanâh, Sinev leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Âshkhâneh, Mehmânak vill., N 37 ˚ 29 ΄ 36.5 ˝, E 56 ˚ 52 ΄ 27.6 ˝, 1040 m, 17. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, 20 km S Mashhad, 1000 m, 3. ix. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Zoshk, 10. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, N Binâlud Mt., 1800 m, 11. - 12. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Neyshâbur, 27. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Khâsh, Taftân Mt., 1800 m, 20. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Damâvand, Âbsard, 1900 m, 3. - 7. vii. 1978, Pâzuki, Sabzevâri leg., 1 ♂, Firuzkuh, Zarrin Dasht, 1980 m, 21. viii. 1984, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Orumiyeh, 2, 6. ix. 1969, Javân-Moghaddam leg., 2 ♂♂, Orumiyeh, Kahriz, 23. viii. 1976, no collector is given, 1 ♀, Orumiyeh, 23. viii, 23. xi. 1976, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Poldasht- Mâku Rd., 20 km E Mâku, N 39 ˚ 16 ΄ 58.5 ˝, E 44 ˚ 41 ΄ 1.2 ˝, 996 m, 17. ix. 2011, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Mâku, Sangar vill., N 39 ˚ 18 ΄ 37.5 ˝, E 44 ˚ 26 ΄ 8.52 ˝, 1004 m, 16. ix. 2011, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D49E1F6FBF527B2FAF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe including the Canary Islands; Turkey; North Africa; Central Asia; Transcaucasia; Palestine, Syria, Siberia, Zabaykalye, Primorye, Afghanistan, Mongolia (Slamka, 2013), Iran: Alborz (Karaj and Nesa), Fars (Qalat, Komehr, Sepidan, Shiraz), Golestan (Golestan National Park [Tang-e Gol] and Gorgan), Razavi Khorasan (Binalud Mt.) and Yazd (Barfkhaneh) Provinces (Lederer 1871; Amsel 1961; Mirzayans & Kalali 1970; Wieser et al. 2002; Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA54D49E1F6FBF527B2FAF2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A large number of specimens of this species were examined in this study. Most of them have an orange-brown to reddish-brown ground colour with yellowish-orange to orange markings (Fig. 11 E). Some specimens have distinctly paler ground colour and markings (Fig. 11 F), and a few of them are with yellow to yellowish-orange and partly reduced markings on dark brown ground colour (Fig. 12 A). These variations frequently occur in specimens of the same population.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA64D77E1F6FA30277AFD22.taxon	description	(Fig. 12 B)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA64D77E1F6FA30277AFD22.taxon	description	Syn.: Phalaena inflammata Scopoli, 1763: 226. Pyralis punicealis Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller, 1775: 317.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA64D77E1F6FA30277AFD22.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 17 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀: East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Ghaleh Bâbak, 1500 m, 5. vii. 1997, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Barâri leg., 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Âinâloo, N 38 ˚ 53 ΄ 17.9 ˝, E 46 ˚ 48 ΄ 03.2 ˝, 1463 m, 17. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg., 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Arasbârân protected area, near Vinâgh, N 38 ˚ 59 ΄ 56.6 ˝, E 46 ˚ 51 ΄ 45.4 ˝, 1194 m, 23. vi. 2015, Hâjiesmailiân, Nâserzadeh, Montreuil leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bandar Anzali, 15 km Asâlem- Pisâson Rd., 220 m, 30. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Rasht,?. viii. 1971, Shenâsi leg., 1 ♀, Siâhkal, Deylamân (7 km to forest Rd.), 300 m, 15. vii. 1996, Rajaei leg., 1 ♂, Mâsuleh, Mâsuleh- Khalkhâl Rd., N 37 ˚ 09 ΄ 45.7 ˝, E 48 ˚ 59 ΄ 54.8 ˝, 1150 m, 13. ix. 2008, Âlipanâh, Buszko, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Siâhkal- Deylamân Rd., Tootki vill., N 37 ˚ 3.0 ΄ 37.74 ˝, E 49 ˚ 50.56 ΄ 41 ˝, 464 m, 22. vii. 2010, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♂, Amârloo, Rudkhân, 18. ix. 1970, Ebert, Abâi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, N 37 ˚ 22 ΄ 14.7 ˝, E 55 ˚ 56 ΄ 00.0 ˝, 718 m, 30. viii. 2009, Âlipanâh leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Tonekâbon, 6, 7. viii. 1971, Ghâzioff leg., 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, 250 m, 22. vii. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 2 ♂♂, Behshahr, Duk forest, 840 m, 23. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 1 ♂, Hasankeyf, Mâzichâl, 1800 m, 2, 3. vii. 2000, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Deuve leg., 2 ♀♀, Nowshahr, 7. vii. 1977, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Nowshahr, Neyrang, 10. x. 1995, Rezvâni, Badii, Ebrâhimi leg., 1 ♂, Âmol, Sangechâl, 18. vi. 1995, Mirzâyâns, Sarafrâzi, Badii leg.; Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♂, Tehem, Tâzehkand, N 36 ˚ 55 ΄ 25.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 42 ΄ 51.4 ˝, 1433 m, 26. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA64D77E1F6FA30277AFD22.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe excluding Iceland and some Mediterranean Islands; North Africa; Transcaucasia; Central Asia; Turkey, Palestine, Iran: Gorgan (Golestan Province) and Hamedan (Hamedan Province) (Lederer 1871; Amsel 1961; Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFA64D77E1F6FA30277AFD22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There were no considerable differences among the studied material in the ground colour and patterns of the wings.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D77E1F6FD402314FA78.taxon	description	(Fig. 12 C)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D77E1F6FD402314FA78.taxon	description	Syn.: Phalaena aethiopata Scopoli, 1763: 231. Pyralis cingulalis Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller, 1775: 123.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D77E1F6FD402314FA78.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 5 ♂♂: East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Kaleybar, Ghaleh Bâbak, 1500 m, 5. vii. 1997, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Barâri leg., 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Arasbârân protected area, near Vinâgh, N 38 ˚ 59 ΄ 56.6 ˝, E 46 ˚ 51 ΄ 45.4 ˝, 1194 m, 23. vi. 2015, Hâjiesmailiân, Nâserzadeh, Montreuil leg., 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Tâzehkand, 1200 m, 12. viii. 1992, Badii, Parchami-Arâghi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D77E1F6FD402314FA78.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe; Transcaucasia; Turkey, south of Siberia, Sayan Mts, Mongolia (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D77E1F6FD402314FA78.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens collected in Iran are externally similar to the taxon P. rectefascialis. Haslberger and Segerer (2016) studied both P. cingulata and P. rectefascialis in Bavaria (Germany). Based on DNA barcoding, they showed that there are genetical differences between these taxa on the subspecies or species level, but it is still not clear if P. rectefascialis is a distinct species (Haslberger & Segerer 2016). Pyrausta rectefascialis is presently considered to be a junior synonym of P. cingulata (Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022). In the present study we provisionally consider P. rectefascialis as a synonym of P. cingulata. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D71E1F6F9A7277CFC18.taxon	description	(Figs 13 A – G, 14 A – F, 15 A – F, 16 A – J, 17 A – I)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D71E1F6F9A7277CFC18.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Pyrausta euergestalis: NHRS: Iran, Fârs Prov.: 1 ♂, Kâzerun- Bushehr Rd., Cherom, 1000 m, 1. iv. 1937, Brandt leg. (NHRS-TOBI 000005083); Alborz Prov.: 1 ♀, Elburz Mt., Karaj, 16. ix. 1936, Brandt leg. (NHRS-TOBI 000005084). Pyrausta ferrealis: NHRS: Turkey, 1 ♂, Marasch, Taurus (NHRS-TOBI 000005096). HMIM: 11 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀: Iran, Alborz Prov.: 1 ♀, Âsârâ, 40 km N Karaj, 1850 m, 27. vi. 1971, Safavi, Borumand, Kâviân, Ghâzioff leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2528, HMIM), 1 ♀, Tâleghân, 26. - 31. vii. 1976, Kâviân leg.; Fârs Prov. 1 ♀, Lâr, Pârk-e Shohadâ, 830 m, 26. x. 1997, Moghaddam, N. Nazari, Barâri leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2464, HMIM), 1 ♀, Farâshband, Harâtâbâd, 770 m, 7. v. 1985, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2430, HMIM), 1 ♀, Shirâz, Sivand, 1800 m, 15. v. 1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Shirâz, Kâmfiruz, 1750 m, 5. ix. 1974, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2508, HMIM), 1 ♂, Kâzerun, Nowdân, 1250 m, 17. v. 1975, Abâi, Pâzuki leg.; Hormozgân Prov.: 1 ♂, Gohreh, 12. iii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2462, HMIM), 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs- Minâb Rd. (km 15), 150 m, 1. iv. 1973, Abâi leg.; Ilâm Prov.: 1 ♀, Darreh Shahr, Kolm-e Bâlâ, 950 m, 3. viii. 2004, Ghayurfar, Nematiân leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♀, Jebâl-e Bârez, 14. iv. 1971, Safavi, Zairi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2509, HMIM); Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Ahwâz, Mollâsâni, 40 m, 9. v. 1975, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♀, Yâsuj, Tang-e Meymand, 1650 m, 9. ix. 1971, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Lorestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Pol-e Zâl, N Andimeshk, 25. iv. 1976, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂ Andimeshk, Pol-e Tang, 490 m, 10. iv. 1977, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2669, HMIM), 1 ♂, Pol-e Dokhtar, Pâ Alam, 490 m, 10. iv. 1977, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Tang-e Malâvi, 720 m, 24. iv. 1976, Pâzuki, Abâi leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 20 km S Mashhad, 1000 m, 3. ix. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Khâsh, 18 km NE Kârvândar, 1400 m, 14. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg.; Yazd Prov: 2 ♂♂, Mehriz- Tang-e Chenâr Rd., Kâlmand protected area (12 km S Kâlmand Ranger Sta.), N 31 ˚ 25´33.3 ˝, E 54 ˚ 26´36.2 ˝, 1773 m, 31. v. 2017, Âlipanâh, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg.; Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♀, Mâhneshân, Angurân protected area, Gharah Boogh, Ghâflân valley, N 36 ˚ 37´45 ˝, E 47 ˚ 41´25 ˝, 1710 m, 17. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2709, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D71E1F6F9A7277CFC18.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Turkey, Armenia (probably), Iraq, Syria, Iran: Alborz (Karaj), Bushehr (Dalaki-Bureki), Fars (Komehr, Cherom, Shiraz), Khuzestan (Ahwaz, Salehabad in Dezful) and Tehran (Tehran) Provinces (Amsel 1954, 1961; Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF984D71E1F6F9A7277CFC18.taxon	discussion	Remarks 1. A close resemblance of Pyrausta euergestalis to P. ferrealis was noted by Amsel (1954), who added that the abdomen of P. euergestalis was shorter than the hindwing compared to P. ferrealis. According to Slamka (2013), P. euergestalis is very similar to P. ferrealis externally, except for the brown ground colour of the forewing in the former species that was illustrated by him as Pyrausta cf. euergestalis (Fig. 13 A – C), compared to the rusty brown ground colour in the latter one (Fig. 13 D – G). In the present study we examined 11 males and 13 females deposited in the HMIM that were very close to both species (Fig. 14 A – F). Additionally, two males and one female of P. euergestalis and one female of P. ferrealis housed in NHRS were examined (Fig. 15 A – F). The examined specimens were also compared with the illustrations of these two species presented by Slamka (2013) (Fig. 13 A – G). We did not have the type specimens of these two species, but tried to compare specimens deposited in several museums with each other. Among the Iranian specimens deposited in the HMIM, those collected from Jebal-e Barez (Kerman Province, identified by Amsel as P. euergestalis) (Fig. 14 A), Gohreh (Hormozgan Province) (Fig. 14 B), Khash (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), Asara (Alborz Province) and Mahneshan (Zanjan Province) (Fig. 14 C) have a brown forewing like P. euergestalis, and the forewings of the remaining ones are rusty-brown to creamy-brown (Fig. 14 D – F). In the Yazd Province, on specimen has brown forewings, while the forewings of another one are creamy-brown. Moreover, the antemedial and postmedial lines are sometimes finely dentate, but a few specimens have scarcely visible dentitions and sometimes the postmedial line has sharper dentitions. In the P. cf. euergestalis specimens examined by Slamka (2013), which had been collected in Ankara, Turkey (Fig. 13 A) and Darband, Iran (Fig. 13 B, C), there was a variation in the degree of clarity of both cross lines of the forewing. This variation was present, but less prominent, in the P. ferrealis specimens examined by Slamka (2013), collected from Turkey (Fig. 13 D, G) and Iraq (Fig. 13 E, F). The P. euergestalis specimens of NHRS were also variable in sharpness and width of the forewings’ cross lines (Fig. 15 A – D). Examining the genitalia of available specimens revealed that their male and female genitalia (Figs 16 A – J, 17 A – I) are also very similar; Slamka (2013), noted that P. euergestalis and P. ferrealis had unreliable differences in their male genitalia. Based on the present study, the structure of cornuti varies only very subtly among the examined specimens. In all the examined males, the cornuti comprise three bunches of thorns (Fig. 16 A – J): an oblique series of short to moderately long, regularly arranged and nearly equal-sized thorns at the most distal part; a bunch consisting of short to long thorns proximal to the distal bunch at one side with both regularly (Fig. 16 A – E, F, I, J) or irregularly arranged (Fig. 16 G, H) series of thorns; and a bunch of small to medium-sized irregularly arranged thorns proximal to the distal bunch, just next to the latter group which mostly has a lower density compared to the previous group (Fig. 16 A – J). Depending on the position of phallus under the coverslide, the two latter bunches may be overlapping and appear as one bunch (Fig. 16 E – G). In all the studied specimens including those with rusty-brown ground colour and brown ones, the cornuti structure was the same, but with some variations in the size of thorns even among the specimens with similar ground colour of the forewing. Both P. euergestalis and P. ferrealis are very similar to each other in the female genitalia structure. The shapes of the antrum, colliculum and the coiled posterior end of the ductus bursae are very similar in both of them (Fig. 17 A – I). Overall, based on the similar structure of the genitalia and the similar wing pattern of P. ferrealis and P. euergestalis, we here consider P. ferrealis Hampson as senior synonym of P. euergestalis Amsel syn. n., and the differences in their forewing ground colour and variable sizes of cornuti thorns as being intraspecific variation. Remarks 2. In 1952, Amsel established the genus Mardinia, with Stenia ferrealis Hampson as type species. Later, the species was transferred to Pyrausta by Maes (2002). Stenia ferrealis was described by Hampson (1900) based on a male specimen collected from [Turkey], “ Armenia ”, Mardin. Pyrausta euergestalis was described by Amsel (1954) as Trigonuncus euergestalis on the basis of six males and four females collected in Iran (Tehran, Shiraz, Ahwaz, Salehabad in Dezful and Dalaki-Bureki) (Amsel, 1954). Pyrausta ferrealis is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF9E4D7EE1F6FB992559FD9A.taxon	description	(Fig. 12 D)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF9E4D7EE1F6FB992559FD9A.taxon	materials_examined	TL: Armenia, Vayots Dzor province, 10 km SE Areni, Noravank, 1600 m 39 ˚ 41´07 ˝ N 45 ˚ 14´02 ˝ E. Material examined. 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Âsârâ, 40 km N Karaj, 1850 m, 27. vi. 1971, Safavi, Borumand, Kâviân, Ghâzioff leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2455, HMIM); East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Kâghazkonân protected area, Âghkand, Hâjimir vill. to Mendejin vill. Rd., 5.5 km to Mendejin, vill., N 37 ˚ 21´19 ˝, E 48 ˚ 11´60 ˝, 1220 m, 15. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2659, HMIM); Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♂, Alamut, Gâzorkhân, 2080 m, 19. - 21. vi. 1995, Ebrâhimi, Ardeh, Parchami-Arâghi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2655, HMIM); Qom Prov.: 1 ♂, Qom, Vesf, 5. viii. 1988, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2492, HMIM); Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♀, Baladeh, Yush, 1920 m, 23. ix. 1996, Badii, Ardeh, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Râmsar, 6 km Javâherdeh, N 36 ˚ 54 ΄ 29.3 ˝, E 50 ˚ 35 ΄ 13.2 ˝, 554 m, 23. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 1 ♀, Fasham, 1450 m, 5. ix. 1981, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2490, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Târ Lake, Palang Darreh, 2000 m, 16. ix. 1987, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2489, HA- 2510, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF9E4D7EE1F6FB992559FD9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Armenia (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF9E4D7EE1F6FB992559FD9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Slamka (2013), states that Pyrausta armeniaca is comparable to P. pionalis and P. zeitunalis externally, except for the darker and more contrasting wing pattern of P. armeniaca. The male genitalia of these three species are also very similar to each other. Based on the results of this study, in P. zeitunalis (Fig. 18 D) the uncus is relatively wider than that of P. armeniaca or P. pionalis (Figs 18 A, 19 A). In both P. armeniaca and P. zeitunalis the uncus has an almost blunt tip (Fig. 18 A, B), while in P. pionalis it is pointed apically (Fig. 19 A – C). In the males of P. armeniaca and P. zeitunalis there is no variation in the shape of cornuti (Fig. 18 A, C, D, F), but in P. pionalis there is an intraspecific variation (Fig. 19 A, D). Besides the shape of cornuti, these three species can easily be differentiated based on the shape and length of the juxta. In P. pionalis it is shorter (Fig. 19 A) compared to P. armeniaca and P. zeitunalis (Fig. 18 A, B, D, E). Additionally, the posterior margin of the juxta in P. pionalis has a shallow curvature medially (Fig. 19 A). In both P. armeniaca and P. zeitunalis the shape and length of the juxta is more or less similar except for the anterio-medial cleft, which in P. armeniaca is slightly deeper than in P. zeitunalis (Fig. 18 A, B, D, E). These three species also differ in the shape of the antrum and partly the colliculum in the female genitalia. In all of them, the posterior part of the antrum is cup-shaped, more sclerotized than the other parts, and densely covered with minute sclerotized spines, mainly at the dorsal surface. Its anterior part is nearly membranous except the median area of the ventral surface, which is slightly sclerotized; however, its shape and size is different in each. In both P. zeitunalis and P. pionalis, the anterior part is relatively shorter than the posterior part (Fig. 19 G – J). However, in P. zeitunalis (Fig. 19 G – I), like that of P. armeniaca (Fig. 19 E, F), the anterior part of the antrum is wider than the posterior part, while in P. pionalis it is narrower than the posterior part (Fig. 19 J). In P. armeniaca, the posterior part is nearly as long as the anterior part (Fig. 19 E, F). The length of the colliculum is also different in these three species; in P. pionalis it is longer (Fig. 19 J) compared to P. armeniaca (Fig. 19 E, F) and P. zeitunalis (Fig. 19 G – I). In both P. armeniaca and P. pionalis, the lateral walls of the colliculum are more sclerotized compared to the remaining areas (Fig. 19 E, F, J). This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7EE1F6FD182489FAA4.taxon	description	(Fig. 12 E, F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7EE1F6FD182489FAA4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀: Hamedân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Hamedân, Târik Darreh, 2000 m, 26. vii. 1987, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2582, HA- 2600, HMIM), 1 ♀, Nahâvand, Gâmâsiâb, 1750 m, 24. viii. 1995, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg.; Lorestân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Aznâ, Oshtorânkuh, Kamandân, 2050 m, 23. viii. 1995, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2503, HA- 2806, HMIM); Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♀, Sohrein vill. to Dagâhi vill. Rd., 6 km to Dagâhi vill., N 36 ˚ 53 ΄ 03.8 ˝ E 48 ˚ 28 ΄ 08.3 ˝, 4084 m, 4. vi. 2012, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2190, HMIM), 2 ♀♀, Sorkhâbâd protected area, Sohrein vill. to Dagâhi vill. Rd., 6 km to Dagâhi vill., N 36 ˚ 53´03.8 ˝, E 48 ˚ 28´08.3 ˝, 2084 m, 13. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2708, HA- 2826, HMIM), 1 ♀, Mâhneshân, Damerloo Mt., N 36 ˚ 42 ΄ 11.4 ˝, E 47 ˚ 54 ΄ 12.1 ˝, 2212 m, 30. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2601, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7EE1F6FD182489FAA4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South of Turkey (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7EE1F6FD182489FAA4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the examined specimens, the ground colour varies from creamy-brown to brown (Fig. 12 E) and dark brown (Fig. 12 F). This variation was observed even among the specimens of a same population (Fig. 12 E, F). This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7DE1F6FAC32480FD9A.taxon	description	(Fig. 20 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7DE1F6FAC32480FD9A.taxon	description	Syn.: Trigonuncus nissalis Amsel, 1951: 551, figs 47, 83.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7DE1F6FAC32480FD9A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 8 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀: Esfahân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Natanz- Targh Rd., Mazdeh, N 33 ˚ 23 ΄ 36.24 ˝, E 51 ˚ 49 ΄ 56.52 ˝, 2192 m, 12. viii. 2010, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2030, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Natanz, Tâmeh, N 33 ˚ 27 ΄ 43.44 ˝, E 51 ˚ 50 ΄ 52.44 ˝, 2283 m, 11. viii. 2010, Nematiân, Âlipanâh leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Bojnurd, Izmân, 1135 m, 17. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2076, HMIM), 1 ♀, Bojnurd, Izmân, 1350 m, 19. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Akhlamad, 13. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2493, HMIM), 1 ♀, Daregaz, N Tandoreh National Park, 6 km after Chelmir, Cheshmeh Rajab, N 37 ˚ 23 ΄ 35.9 ˝, E 58 ˚ 48 ΄ 35.8 ˝, 1206 m, 26. vi. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Daregaz- Dorbâdâm Rd., NW Tandoreh National Park, near Alibulâgh vill., N 37 ˚ 32 ΄ 06.2 ˝, E 58 ˚ 36 ΄ 07.3 ˝, 1509 m, 29. vi. 2014, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2495, HMIM), 1 ♂, S Tandoreh National Park, near Shekarâb, N 37 ˚ 21 ΄ 43.0 ˝, E 58 ˚ 42 ΄ 32.0 ˝, 2135 m, 30. vi. 2014, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2061, HMIM), 1 ♂, 1 ♀, N Tandoreh National Park, 56 km after Tivân Ranger Sta., Dolatshânloo vill. Rd. (km 15), Bâbâneyestân, N 37 ˚ 30 ΄ 13.9 ˝, E 58 ˚ 45 ΄ 00.5 ˝, 1178 m, 6. vi. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2754, HMIM), 2 ♀♀, Daregaz- Kalât-e Nâder Rd., Lâeen vill. to Khâkestar vill. Rd., before Châhârrâh vill., Hezârmasjed Mts, N 37 ˚ 02 ΄ 39.5 ˝, E 59 ˚ 26 ΄ 10.11 ˝, 1344 m, 27. vi. 2014, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Khâsh, Kusheh, 2000 m, 21. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2456, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7DE1F6FAC32480FD9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran, Transcaucasia (probably), Afghanistan (Amsel 1951, 1961, 1970; Slamka 2013). Despite the type locality (Mirabi Mt.) (Toll 1948), it has been reported from Sangan and Taftan Mt. (Sistan and Baluchestan Province) [as Trigonuncus pionalis Toll] and Karaj (Alborz Province; type locality) [as T. nissalis Amsel] (Amsel 1951, 1961).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF914D7DE1F6FAC32480FD9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The shape of the uncus varies in different pupulations from clearly triangular with nearly pointed tip (Fig. 19 B) to an uncus with a narrower neck (Fig. 19 A, C). However, the shape of the juxta is constant among them. As stated by Slamka (2013), there are also some variations in the shape of the phallus and cornuti. According to Slamka (2013), the valvae of P. pionalis are wider than that of P. zeitunalis. However, we did not find any difference between them in this regard (Figs 18 D – F, 19 A – D).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7DE1F6FD182736FC3D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7DE1F6FD182736FC3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central Asia; Iran: Shahrud (Golestan Province); Uzbekistan: Samarkand (Hampson 1900; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7DE1F6FC7B25CAFA98.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7DE1F6FC7B25CAFA98.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran: Fras (Lar) and Hormozgan (Bandar Abbas to Sardabad- Sarzeh Rd., Sarzeh) Provinces (Amsel 1961; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7DE1F6FC7B25CAFA98.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The report of this species from United Arab Emirates (De Prins & De Prins 2011 – 2021) is erroneous as it refers to Evergestis laristanalis Amsel, 1961 (Asselbergs 2008).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7DE1F6FA052487F9DE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study. Distribution. Iran: Shahkuh (Christoph 1888).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7CE1F6F95C27DDFF16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7CE1F6F95C27DDFF16.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran (Christoph 1873).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF924D7CE1F6F95C27DDFF16.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Christoph (1873) stated that the type specimens of this species were collected in Tash and Shahkuh. These two regions are presently located in Semnan and Golestan Provinces, respectively. Subgenus Panstegia	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF934D7CE1F6FF4822CDFB63.taxon	description	(Fig. 20 B) Phalaena Pyralis aerealis H ̧ bner, 1793: 7, pl. 20. TL: W Europe, Central Asia. Syn.: Phalaena obsoletalis Fabricius, 1794: 229.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF934D7CE1F6FF4822CDFB63.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Kermân Prov.: 1 ♂, Bâft, Khabr protected area, 21 km E Dashtâb Ranger Sta., Pâyeshgah-e Mobârakeh, N 28 ˚ 47 ΄ 43.2 ˝, E 56 ˚ 30 ΄ 54.4 ˝, 2271 m, 5. vi. 2017, Âlipanâh, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2401, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF934D7CE1F6FF4822CDFB63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe; Transcaspia; Transcaucasia; Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Algeria, Syria, Volga region (steppes), central Ural, Ili territory, Tian Shan Mts, south of Siberia, Kyrgyzstan (including Alay Mts), Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, India (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF934D7CE1F6FF4822CDFB63.taxon	discussion	Remarks 1. This species is represented by seven subspecies (Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022), of which P. aerealis ablutalis (Eversmann, 1844) has been reported from the north of Iran (Slamka, 2013). As stated by Slamka (2013), this subspecies is distributed in the steppes of the Volga region, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia and Iran. In Iran it has been reported from Fars (Shiraz, Sineh Sefid), Golestan (Gorgan), Mazandaran (Kandovan Rd. and Tarsi Kola), Sistan and Baluchestan (Taftan Mt.) and Tehran (Damavand: Rineh) Provinces (Lederer 1871; Zerny 1940; Amsel 1961; Slamka 2013). According to Slamka (2013), in P. aerealis ablutalis the forewing is light, concolourous, more or less pale brown, with somehow distinct postmedial line. However, as he noted, P. aerealis ablutalis is questionable and may only be a local paler form of P. aerealis aerealis. Remarks 2. Pyrausta wockei described from East Turkestan shows characters of a different species. Generally it is smaller and the postmedial pale line is more oblique. The genitalia of both sexes are slightly different from P. aerealis (cf. Slamka 2013). Even though P. wockei Rebel is here considered a synonym of P. aerealis (H ̧ bner), in our opinion it is externally different and further studies may prove it to be a distinct species.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF934D7AE1F6FA812559FEE6.taxon	description	(Fig. 20 C, D)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF934D7AE1F6FA812559FEE6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 7 ♂♂: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, Dizin, 17. viii. 1973, Ebert leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2500, HMIM); East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Kâghazkonân protected area, Âghkand, Hâjimir vill. to Mendejin vill. Rd., 5.5 km to Mendejin, vill., N 37 ˚ 21´19 ˝, E 48 ˚ 11´60 ˝, 1220 m, 15. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Siâhbisheh- Yush Rd., 3 km Kamarbon vill., N 36 ˚ 13 ΄ 51.7 ˝, E 51 ˚ 24 ΄ 45.3 ˝, 2557 m, 21. - 22. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Falsafi, Zahiri leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2472, HMIM); Tehrân Prov.: 1 ♂, Tehrân, Evin, 1. ix. 1970, no collector is given (gen. prep. HA- 2482, HMIM); West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, W Mâku, Ghezelbulâgh, 2220 m, 17. - 18. vii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, W Mâku, Ghezelbulâgh, 1910 m, 27. vii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF934D7AE1F6FA812559FEE6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. East Turkey (Van Province) (Kemal et al. 2020).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF934D7AE1F6FA812559FEE6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All the examined specimens are males, with uniformly brownish-olive forewing and slightly paler hindwing; however, there is an intraspecific variation among them in this regard, as some specimens have a clearly lighter hindwing (Fig. 20 C, D). This variation is present even among members of a same population (specimens collected in Maku, West Azarbaijan Province). The postmedial line in most of the specimens collected from the north of Iran is hardly visible (Fig. 20 C, D), but the specimens with brighter hindwings have a more distinguishable postmedial line. Comparing the male genitalia of the Iranian specimens revealed that in all of them the fibula is slightly shorter (Fig. 21 D, E) than in P. aerealis (Fig. 21 A, B), and the shape of the juxta is different from that of P. aerealis (Fig. 21 A, C, D, F) and similar to that described and illustrated by Kemal et al. (2020) (Fig. 21 A, B; see also Kemal et al., 2020: 2, 4). This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF964D79E1F6FF002453FAED.taxon	description	(Figs 20 E, F, 22 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF964D79E1F6FF002453FAED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 24 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♀, Karaj, Dizin, 2900 m, 12. viii. 1981, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2402, HMIM), 1 ♂, Tâleghân, Tijkuh, 1950 m, 9. vii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2398, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, Tâleghân, Kalânak, 1950 m, 26. vi. 1994, Ebrâhimi leg.; Ardebil Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Sabalân, 30. vii. 1970, Naim leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2403, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, Sabalân, Shâbil, 2550 m, 1. viii. 1997, V. Nazari leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2532, HMIM); Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♂, Ghamishloo garden, 2000 m, 16. - 17. vi. 1993, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg.; Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♂, Qazvin, 1. vi. 1970, Âyatollâhi, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Qazvin, Gostinlâr, 1. vii. 1970, Abâi, Âyatollâhi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2400, HMIM); Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Tâlesh- Asâlem Rd., 1250 m, 6. ix. 1972, Borumand, Zairi leg.; Kordestân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 45 km SW Saghez, Saghez- Bâneh Rd., 2000 m, 30. vi. 1975, Pâzuki leg., 2 ♂♂, 10 km W Bijâr, Bâbâ Sorkheh, 2180 m, 29. vi. 1975, Pâzuki leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, W Mâku, Ghezelbulâgh, 2220 m, 17. - 18. vii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 3 ♂♂, Takâb, Takht-e Soleymân, N 36 ˚ 35 ΄ 40 ˝, E 47 ˚ 19 ΄ 43.5 ˝, 2528 m, 1. vii. 2013, Afsariân leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2531, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF964D79E1F6FF002453FAED.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Spanish mainland, Portuguese mainland, Sardinia, southern part of Europaean Russia, Turkey; Transcaucasia (Slamka, 2013), Iran (Zerny 1940; Amsel 1961).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF964D79E1F6FF002453FAED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Nuss et al. (2003 – 2022), this species is represented by two subspecies: P. limbopunctalis limbopunctalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1849) and P. limbopunctalis dissolutalis (Staudinger, 1880). The latter subspecies is reported from Iran, including the Alborz (Elburz, Nesa, Osman Mt.), Fars (Barm Firuz), Hamedan (Alvand), Mazandaran (Kandovan Rd., Tarsi Kola), and Tehran (Lar valley, Tochal and Damavand: Rineh) Provinces (Zerny 1940; Amsel 1961). All of the examined specimens in this study have been collected in the northern and western parts of Iran. Most of them have a pale brown ground colour with a yellow tint and brown cross lines and discoidal spots (Fig. 20 E), but in a few of them (collected in Ardebil and Alborz Province) the ground colour of the forewing is dark brown (Fig. 20 F). In all the specimens, the ground colour of the hindwing is the same colour as the forewing or slightly paler (Fig. 20 E, F); however, in the two females collected from Gilan and Qazvin Provinces, the hindwing has a dark brown ground colour with a yellow medial band, and forewing with more contrasting markings compared to the remaining specimens (Fig. 22 A). The genitalia structures of the examined material were the same. Genus Nascia J. Curtis, 1835	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF964D67E1F6FAEF2462FF16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF964D67E1F6FAEF2462FF16.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe including Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, British Islands, central part of European Russia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands; Turkey, south of Siberia, Ussuri, Primorye, Japan (Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014) and Iran: Taher Gourab (Gilan Province) (Amsel 1959). Genus Sclerocona Meyrick, 1890	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF884D67E1F6FF482447FCD1.taxon	description	(Fig. 22 B)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF884D67E1F6FF482447FCD1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀: Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♀, Moghân, 22. v. 1969, Arghand leg., 1 ♂, Moghân, Doost Kandi, N 39 ˚ 41 ΄ 07.4 ˝, E 47 ˚ 57 ΄ 58.6 ˝, 34 m, 18. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Lâhijân, 20. vii. 1970, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Rasht, 30. iii. 1972, Shenâsi leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♀, Mahmudâbâd, Gâleshpol, 21. v. 1975, no collector is given, 1 ♀, Sâri, 0 m, 23. vi. 1995, Mirzâyâns, Sarafrâzi, Badii leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF884D67E1F6FF482447FCD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Switzerland, Germany, Belarus, Britain Island, Bulgaria, central and southern parts of European Russia, Croatia, Danish mainland, French mainland, Italian mainland, Romania, Sicily, Spanish mainland, Balearic Islands, The Netherlands, Ukraine, Norwegian mainland; Transcaucasia; Central Asia; Turkey, Siberia, China, Korea, Japan, North America (probably introduced) (Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014); Iran [Gilan (Taher Gourab) and Golestan (Golestan National Park: Ghaleh Palangan) Provinces] (Amsel 1959; Wieser et al. 2002). Genus Sitochroa Hübner, 1825	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF884D67E1F6FC332202F823.taxon	description	(Fig. 22 C) Pyralis palealis Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller, 1775: 123. TL: Austria, surroundings of Vienna [Wienergegend] Syn.: Phalaena flaveolata Hufnagel, 1767: 604 – 605.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF884D67E1F6FC332202F823.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 15 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀: Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♀, Sabalân, Qotur Suiee, N 38 ˚ 21 ˊ 53.9 ˝, E 47 ˚ 51 ˊ 43.4 ˝, 2276 m, 25. - 26. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri, Falsafi leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Zonuz, 1. ix. 1965, Arghand leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2511, HMIM); Gilân Prov.: 6 ♂♂, Rasht, 6, 10. vii. 1971,?. viii. 1971, 30. v. 1972, Shenâsi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2453, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, Asâlem, Sheykh Mahal, 160 m, 28. - 30. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 2 ♀♀, Asâlem, Lâkudeh, 250 m, 8, 9. vii. 2000, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Ebrâhimi, Deuve leg., 1 ♀, Âstârâ- Ardebil Rd., Meshend, Goudi Evlar vill., N 38 ˚ 23 ΄ 32.3 ˝, E 48 ˚ 35 ΄ 59.2 ˝, 488 m, 1. viii. 2008, Nematiân, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♂ (without abdomen), Fuman, Gashtrudkhân, N 38 ˚ 15 ΄ 15.2 ˝, E 47 ˚ 23 ΄ 52.1 ˝, 295 m, 29. vi. 2008, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♂, Yâsuj, Sisakht, 2250 m, 13. vi. 1972, Ebert, Pâzuki leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2415, HMIM), 1 ♀ (without abdomen), 15 km SE Yâsuj, 2050 m, 15. vi. 1972, Ebert, Pâzuki leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, Bâbolsar, 10. ix. 1949, Farahbakhsh leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, N Tandoreh National Park, 56 km after Tivân Ranger Sta., Dolatshânloo vill. Rd. (km 15), Bâbâneyestân, N 37 ˚ 30 ΄ 13.9 ˝, E 58 ˚ 45 ΄ 00.5 ˝, 1178 m, 6. vi. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, N Tandoreh National Park (1 km after Alibulâgh Ranger Sta.), N 37 ˚ 33 ΄ 25.1 ˝, E 58 ˚ 38 ΄ 42.7 ˝, 1297 m, 7. vi. 2016, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg.; South Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tabas, Palm Res. Sta. & Adaptation, N 33 ˚ 35 ΄ 56.8 ˝, E 56 ˚ 54 ΄ 53.6 ˝, 678 m, 31. v. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2513, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF884D67E1F6FC332202F823.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Palaearctic, India, rare in southern Scandinavia (Slamka 2013), common resident in the south of England (pers. com. Colin W. Plant) and Iran [Fars (Komehr), Gilan “ (Taher Gourab), and Golestan ” (Golestan National Park: Ghaleh Palangan) Provinces] (Amsel 1950, 1959; Wieser et al. 2002).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF894D66E1F6F95B24C9F856.taxon	description	(Fig. 23 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF894D66E1F6F95B24C9F856.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, Ghâsemlu, 10. vi. 1975, Abâi leg. (holotype) (gen. prep. HA- 2457, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF894D66E1F6F95B24C9F856.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran (Alipanah et al. 2020).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF894D66E1F6FF002318F922.taxon	description	(Fig. 22 D ‒ F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF894D66E1F6FF002318F922.taxon	description	Syn.: Phalaena inversa Fourcroy, 1785: 301.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF894D66E1F6FF002318F922.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 32 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, Tâleghân, 26. - 31. vii. 1976, Kâviân leg., 1 ♀, Karaj, 5. vi. 1969, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Karaj, Sarvdâr, 8, 9. v. 1969, Bâbâei leg.; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♀, Moghân, Pârsâbâd, 9. v. 1969, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Meshginshahr, Anzân, N 38 ˚ 17 ΄ 35.0 ˝, E 47 ˚ 27 ΄ 05.2 ˝, 14. vii. 2013, 1824 m, Afsariân leg.; Qom Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 km S Qom, Qomrud, Seyfâbâd, N 35 ˚ 47 ΄ 01.8 ˝, E 51 ˚ 23 ΄ 33.4 ˝, 912 m, 18. viii. 2007, Âlipanâh leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Lâhijân, 9. viii. 1969, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂, Rasht, viii. 1971, 30. v. 1972, Shenâsi leg., 1 ♀, Eshkevar, Gilânchâkân, 1820 m, 27. vi. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Mazârli, 530 m, 19. - 20. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Gorgân, Aliâbâd, Shirinâbâd, 22. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, Siâhbisheh, 20. vi. 1974, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Zirâb, Palang Darreh, 540 m, 24. - 25. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 1 ♂, Nashtârud, Polsarâ, 250 m, 7. vi. 1982, Hâshemi leg., 2 ♂♂, Pirustâ, Bâyeh Kolâ, 1998, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Kelârdasht, 28. viii. 1997, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Sâri- Kiâsar Rd., Saâdat Mahalleh, 16. vii. 2004, Moghaddam, Hâjiesmailiân leg., 2 ♂♂, 10 km E Baladeh, Kalâ vill., N 36 ˚ 09 ΄ 52.1 ˝, E 51 ˚ 56 ΄ 14.1 ˝, 2290 - 2450 m, 5. vii. 2005, Moghaddam, Hâjiesmailiân, Serri leg., 1 ♂, Âmol, 1 km after Jurband vill., N 36 ˚ 41 ΄ 37.2 ˝, E 50 ˚ 50 ΄ 20.6 ˝, 441 m, 28. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg., 1 ♀, Âmol, Chamestân, Vâz vill., N 36 ˚ 21 ΄ 49.6 ˝, E 52 ˚ 06 ΄ 3.1 ˝, 557 m, 28. vi. 2007, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1650 m, 16. - 23. ii. 1972, Pâzuki, Badii leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Mashhad, Torogh, 21. iv. 1971, Elâhi leg., 1 ♂, Mashhad, Torogh, 12. v. 1975, no collector is given; Tehrân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Rudbâr-e Ghasrân, Garmâbdar, 2370 m, 28. - 29. v. 1991, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Robât Karim, Urin, 1050 m, 24. - 25. v. 1993, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg., 6 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Tehrân, Evin, 9, 10, 11. viii. 1971, 30. vi. 1973, 31. vii. 1974, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Varâmin, Pishvâ, Aliâbâd, 950 m, 3. v. 1971, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Miândoâb, 8. vi. 1966, Arghand leg., 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 23. ix. 1969, Javân-Moghaddam leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Orumiyeh, 1. - 3. vi. 1975, Abâi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF894D66E1F6FF002318F922.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widespread in Palaearctic region (including Kuril Islands and Japan) except northernmost part. Also in Korea, China, India, Turkey, Syria (Slamka 2013), Iran including Alborz (Karaj), Golestan (Gorgan, Golestan National Park [Tang-e Gol]), and Hamedan (Hamedan) Provinces (Christoph 1876 ‒ 1877; Amsel 1961; Wieser et al. 2002).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF894D66E1F6FF002318F922.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Two subspecies, S. verticalis verticalis and S. verticalis nigricilialis (Ragonot, 1895) are presently known. As stated by Slamka (2013), the latter subspecies, which is distributed in Turkey and Syria, has a more intensive yellow-orange forewing with darker fringes compared to the nominotypical subspecies. Among the examined material, the specimens collected in the northwestern, north and central parts of Iran (Fig. 22 D) are paler than those collected in the northeastern parts (Fig. 22 E). In Mazandaran Province, the specimens collected in the eastern part (close to the specimens collected in northeast of Iran) (Fig. 22 F) are darker than those collected in the western parts (close to Gilan Province). However, there is no considerable difference among them in the fringes colour. The northwest, north and central specimens look like S. verticalis verticalis, and northeast specimens are more similar to S. verticalis nigricilialis. Nevertheless, separation of the two subspecies only based on few external characters would not be advisable. Therefore, as stated by Slamka (2013), their status is not clear and must be revised.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D65E1F6FC83244AFABB.taxon	description	(Fig. 23 C)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D65E1F6FC83244AFABB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 5 ♀♀: Fârs Prov.: 2 ♀♀, 50 km Khonj- Lâr Rd., 920 m, 14. iv. 1975, Borumand leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2512, HMIM), 1 ♀, 50 km Lâr- Jahrom Rd., 890 m, 13. iv. 1975, Borumand leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 1 ♀, Tehrân, Evin, 26. v. 1971, no collector is given, 1 ♀, Tehrân, Evin, 1600 m, 22. vi. 1972, no collector is given (gen. prep. 158, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D65E1F6FC83244AFABB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan Province (Takht-e Malek); Turkmenistan (Amsel 1950; Alipanah et al. 2020). Genus Loxostege Hübner, 1825	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D65E1F6FF0026B3FD64.taxon	description	(Fig. 23 B)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D65E1F6FF0026B3FD64.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 3 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀: Hamedân Prov.: 1 ♀, Nahâvand, Gâmâsiâb, 1750 m, 24. viii. 1995, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg.; Kermânshâh Prov.: 4 ♀♀, Ghallâjeh, 1810 m, 18. viii. 1996, V. Nazari, Barâri, Parchami-Arâghi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2437, HMIM); Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♂, Sisakht, Denâ Mt., 2200 m, 11. ix. 1974, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 2 ♀♀, 5 km N Meymand, NW Denâ Mt., 2210 m, 18. - 20. viii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.; Lorestân Prov.: 1 ♂, 28 km E Borujerd, Zâliân mountain pass, 2300 m, 27. vii. 1975, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Oshtorânkuh, Parchak Kabud, 2800 m, 1. - 2. viii. 1975, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Shâhâbâd, Ghâlikuh, 2100 m, 2. viii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Markazi Prov.: 1 ♂, Khomein, Dehno, 2300 m, 28. - 29. vi. 1990, Hâshemi, Ebrâhimi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2436, HMIM); West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, Bâzargân, 1450 m, 5. vi. 1975, Abâi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D65E1F6FF0026B3FD64.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Turkey, Lebanon and Iran: Fars Province (Khaneh Zenian and Komehr) (Amsel 1961; Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D64E1F6FADD22E5FE76.taxon	description	(Fig. 23 D, E) Pyralis clathralis H ̧ bner, 1813: pl. 26 fig 168. TL: Europe. Syn.: Scopula clathralis Duponchel, 1832: 311 – 312 [1832], pl. 231 fig 3, pl. 236 figs 8 – 9 [1833]	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D64E1F6FADD22E5FE76.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 31 ♂♂, 29 ♀♀: Esfahân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Natanz, Abyâneh, 2150 m, 6. vi. 1988, Hâshemi, Badii leg., 2 ♀♀, Abyâneh, 2300 m, 14. - 16. vi. 1984, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Kâshân, 4 km S Jehagh, 2000 m, 14. - 15. vi. 1984, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Ghohrud, Jevinân, 2000 m, 12. - 13. vi. 1984, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 2 ♀♀, Kâshân, Ghohrud, N 33 ˚ 39 ΄ 40.2 ˝, E 51 ˚ 25 ΄ 15.7 ˝, 2380 m, 3. vi. 2005, Hâjiesmailiân, Ebrâhimi leg., 1 ♀, Ardestân, 1550 m, 30. vi. 1981, Hâshemi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 4 ♂♂, Shâhrud, Shâhkuh, 2150 m, 15. vi. 1974, Rajabi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Gorgân, Shâhkuh-e Bâlâ, 2100 m, 19. vii. 2003, Âlipanâh, Ebrâhimi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 16 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Bâft, Ghanât-e Marvân, 2800 m, 23. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2460, HA- 2823, HMIM), 1 ♀, Bâft, Lâlehzâr, 2800 m, 24. - 29. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Jiroft, Bâft Rd. (55 km after Jiroft), Shengarâ, 2800 m, 24. v. 2004, Rajâei leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Baladeh, Yush, 2100 m, 26. vi. 1998, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kamareh Chehel Dokhtar, 1700 m, 3. vi. 1982, Hâshemi leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 3 ♀♀, 15 km S Mâku, 1050 m, 4. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 15 km NE Mâku, 6. vi. 1975, Abâi leg.; Zanjân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Tehem, Tâzehkand, N 36 ˚ 55 ΄ 25.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 42 ΄ 51.4 ˝, 1433 m, 26. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D64E1F6FADD22E5FE76.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Europe including Croatia, Romania, southern part of European Russia, Ukraine; Turkey, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan (Amsel 1970; Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014) and Iran: Diskh Mt. (Fars Province) and Gorgan (Golestan Province) (Lederer 1871; Amsel 1961).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8A4D64E1F6FADD22E5FE76.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The veins and cross lines of examined specimens are mostly brown with a hardly visible green-yellow tint (Fig. 23 D). A few specimens have slightly darker veins and cross lines. Only two specimens (collected from Kashan and Kerman) have forewing with a brown medial area and white markings (Fig. 23 E).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8B4D60E1F6FD8F25D9FE2E.taxon	description	(Fig. 23 F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8B4D60E1F6FD8F25D9FE2E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 6 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀: Kermân Prov.: 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Lâlehzâr, 6, 7. vi. 1971, Hâshemi, Naim leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2446, HA- 2449, HA- 2824, HMIM), 1 ♀, Mâhân, 2000 m, 30. vi. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Esfandagheh, 7. v. 1973, Borumand, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Darb-e Behest- Jiroft Rd., 55 km NW Jiroft, near Shengarâ, N 29 ˚ 04 ΄ 56.5 ˝, E 57 ˚ 32 ΄ 25.6 ˝, 2794 m, 7. vi. 2017, Âlipanâh, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8B4D60E1F6FD8F25D9FE2E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia, Afghanistan (Amsel 1970; Koçak & Kemal 2012; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8B4D60E1F6FD8F25D9FE2E.taxon	description	Redescription of the female genitalia (Fig. 25 E, F). Papillae anales flat, crescent-shaped, densely setose; anterior apophyses slightly less than two times the length of the posterior apophyses (n = 1); antrum nearly cup-shaped, anterior edge with denticulate sclerotization at the junction with colliculum, posterior end with a pair of rod-shaped sclerotized structures laterally; colliculum sclerotized, nearly half length of antrum; ductus bursae long, with moderate width and a distinct curvature posteriorly at the junction with colliculum; ductus seminalis from anterior end of colliculum at the junction with ductus bursae; bursa copulatrix spherical, cestum narrow, with pointed minute sclerotized spines, its length one-fifth of the length of ductus bursae.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8B4D60E1F6FD8F25D9FE2E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described by Amsel (1970) as L. bashgulalis based on two males and six females collected from Afghanistan and later it was synonymized with L. sedakowialis. However, he did not present a detailed description of the female genitalia at that time. Therefore, a redescription of the female genitalia is here provided. This species is very similar to L. clathralis externally, and as stated by Amsel (1970), they differ from each other in the length of the antennal ciliae of the male and the narrow white marginal band of both fore- and hindwing: According to Amsel (1970), length of the ciliae of male antennae in L. sedakowialis were twice as long as each segment, while in L. clathralis they were 1 ̸ 3 to 1 ̸ 2 of the length of each segment. Additionally, the wing’s narrow white marginal bands in L. sedakowialis are not interrupted by the darkened veins. Examining a significant quantity of material of L. clathralis and 12 specimens of L. sedakowialis in the present study revealed that although the length of male antennal ciliae in these two species is very slightly different, it cannot be considered as a reliable feature because of its relativity. We observed the following differences: 1) All examined L. clathralis have brown veins, cross lines and markings; in L sedakowialis they are clearly pale brown (Fig. 23 D ‒ F). 2) The wing’s narrow white marginal band is interrupted by brown veins in L. clathralis (Fig. 23 D, E); in L. sedakowialis, the veins in this area are pale or colourless (Fig. 23 F). 3) The narrow white marginal band of the hindwing is narrower in L. sedakowialis (Fig. 23 F) compared to that of L. clathralis (Fig. 23 D, E). 3) The anterior margin of the frons has a pointed medial swelling in L. clathralis (Fig. 25 A); while in L. sedakowialis there is no pointed swelling at this area (Fig. 25 D). 4) The brown marginal band of the hindwing is relatively broad in L. sedakowialis (Fig. 23 F); in L. clathralis it is narrower (Fig. 23 D, E). Comparison the genitalia structure of these two species showed that they are very similar to each other in the male genitalia (Fig. 24 A ‒ G). Amsel (1970) noted that L. clathralis has a broader fibula compared to L. sedakowialis. However, we concluded that there is an intraspecific variation in L. sedakowialis in this regard. We dissected two males with the same collecting data and external features, one with a narrow fibula (Fig. 24 E, F) and the other one with a wider fibula (Fig. 24 G). In both species, there is a sclerotized nearly triangular plate at the distal end of the phallus that is differently directed in each species (Fig. 24 A, B, E, D). These two species can easily be separated from each other based on the female genitalia structure. Their main differences are as follows: 1) In both species, the antrum is nearly cup-shaped, but its sclerotization is different. In L. sedakowialis, it is more sclerotized posteriorly and mainly posterio-laterally and anteriorly (Fig. 25 E, F); in L. clathralis, the anterior half is more sclerotized (Fig. 25 B, C). 3) Length of the cestum (the sclerotized band running from the mouth of appendix bursae into the anterior ductus bursae) in L. sedakowialis is nearly one-fifth of the length of ductus bursae (Fig. 25 E); in L. clathtalis, its length is almost one-third of the length of ductus bursae (Fig. 25 B). 2) The colliculum is half the length of the antrum in L. sedakowialis (Fig. 25 E, F); in L. clathralis, it is clearly less than half of the antrum length (Fig. 25 B, C). Loxostege sedakowialis is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6F9BC2242F85E.taxon	description	(Fig. 26 C)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6F9BC2242F85E.taxon	description	Syn.: Phlyctaenodes flavivenalis Hampson, 1913: 520.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6F9BC2242F85E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀: Fârs Prov.: 1 ♂, Shirâz, Mahârlu Lake, 1500 m, 23. iv. 1992, Badii, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Kâzerun, Gâwkoshak, 15. - 23. iv. 1976, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2481, HMIM); Lorestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Tang-e Malâvi, 720 m, 5. v. 1976, Pâzuki leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6F9BC2242F85E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Turkey, Armenia, Iraq, Iran (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6F9BC2242F85E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the single specimen collected from Shiraz, the hindwing is covered with brown scales apically (Fig. 26 C), but the other two examined specimens have a homochromatic apex.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6FE4C2321FC5C.taxon	description	(Fig. 26 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6FE4C2321FC5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 11 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Karaj, 24. iv. 1972, no collector is given; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, Dârâb, Rostâgh, 1250 m, 21. - 23. iv. 1992, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg., 7 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Âbâdeh, Shurjestân, 2000 m, 30. iv. 1985, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, 5 km N Dasht-e Arzhan, 2000 m, 1. v. 1985, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 30 km W Sarcheshmeh, 1700 m, 2. v. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2447, HMIM); Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Khâsh, 3 km SE Eskelâbâd, 1700 m, 12. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6FE4C2321FC5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Turkmenistan, Afghanistan (Amsel 1970; Slamka 2013), Armenia (Ziegler 2005 – 2019), Iran (Koçak & Kemal 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6FE4C2321FC5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There is no particular variation among the studied specimens externally, except the size of the forewing’s elongate oval discoidal spot which is smaller in a few of specimens, even with the same collecting data.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6FBD924F2FA78.taxon	description	(Fig. 26 B)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6FBD924F2FA78.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀: Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♂, Natanz, Abyâneh, 2150 m, 6. vi. 1988, Hâshemi, Badii leg.; Semnân Prov.: 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Moallemân, 1070 m, 17. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2441, HA- 2466, HMIM); West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, Bâzargân, no date and no collector are given.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6FBD924F2FA78.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Turkey (Slamka 2013; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF8F4D60E1F6FBD924F2FA78.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The shape and length of the forewing’s discoidal spot of the examined specimens varies slightly. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FF00257FFDE0.taxon	description	(Fig. 26 D)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FF00257FFDE0.taxon	description	Syn.: Pyralis gilvalis H ̧ bner, 1796: pl. 23, fig. 154. Pyralis sulphuralis H ̧ bner, 1813: pl. 26 figs 166 – 167.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FF00257FFDE0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 ♂♂: West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, 15 km S Mâku, 1050 m, 4. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♂ (without abdomen), Mâku, Cheshmeh Sorayyâ, 900 m, 22. viii. 1994, Ebrâhimi, Sarafrâzi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FF00257FFDE0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern and eastern Europe, partly in Central Europe, Transcaucasia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, China, Korea (Slamka 2013), Iran (Koçak & Kemal 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FC66237CF9C3.taxon	description	(Fig. 26 E)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FC66237CF9C3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 39 ♂♂: Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 650 m, 15. - 16. v. 1988, Pâzuki leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 5 ♂♂, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1600 m, 26. - 29. v. 1986, Pâzuki leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2523, HMIM), 4 ♂♂, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1650 m, 17. - 25. v. 1988, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh,?. v. 1989, Mirzâyâns leg., 6 ♂♂, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1650 m, 7. - 14. v. 1993, Pâzuki, Badii leg., 2 ♂♂, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1600 m, 23. - 24. iv. 1997, Badii, Sarafrâzi, Barâri leg., 8 ♂♂, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1590 m, 6. v. 1999, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Barâri, Manzari leg., 12 ♂♂, Golestân National Park, Sulgerd, 1150 m, 7, 8. v. 1999, Moghaddam, Barâri, Manzari leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2465, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FC66237CF9C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Dalmatia (Dubrovnik), north Macedonia, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia (including the regions of Kosovo and Vojvodina), Slovenia, Ukraine; S Russia; Turkey, Armenia, Central Asia, Transcaspia (Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FC66237CF9C3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The width of the white cross band of the hindwing is slightly variable among the studied material, and some specimens have relatively narrower bands. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6F92125D6F841.taxon	description	(Fig. 26 F)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6F92125D6F841.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 10. ii. 1998, no collector is given.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6F92125D6F841.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Turkey (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6F92125D6F841.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FD0E22D9FC38.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF804D6FE1F6FD0E22D9FC38.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Spain, Portugal, Morocco, south of Iran (Kollar & Redtenbacher 1850).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF824D6DE1F6FF002306FED8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study. Distribution. N Iran [Shahkuh and Tash (Golestan Province) and generally " Hyrcania "] (Slamka 2013).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF824D6DE1F6FE462580F890.taxon	description	(Fig. 27 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF824D6DE1F6FE462580F890.taxon	description	Syn.: Phalaena Tortrix miana O. F. M ̧ ller, 1764: 53.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF824D6DE1F6FE462580F890.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 24 ♂♂, 40 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♀, Karaj, Arangeh, 19. viii. 1978, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♂, Moghân, 19. xi. 1970, Damanâbi leg., 1 ♂, Neur Lake, 2500 m, 26. viii. 2010, Khâni, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Châhârmahâl and Bakhtiâri Prov.: 1 ♂, Kuhrang, 26. vii. 1974, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; Esfahân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Natanz, Tâmeh, N 33 ˚ 27 ΄ 43.44 ˝, E 51 ˚ 50 ΄ 52.44 ˝, 2283, 11. viii. 2010, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Natanz- Targh Rd., Mazdeh, N 33 ˚ 23 ΄ 36.24 ˝, E 51 ˚ 49 ΄ 56.52 ˝, 2192 m, 12. viii. 2010, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, Basirân, Bidhâshem, 2600 m, 12. ix. 1998, Manzari, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♂, Asâlem, Shondol, 950 m, 9. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Farahbakhsh leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2459, HMIM), 1 ♂, Parehsar, 750 m, 13. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Ilkhâni leg., 2 ♀♀, Bandar Anzali, 8. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Farahbakhsh leg., 1 ♀, Bandar Anzali, 15. ix. 1969, Mirzâyâns leg., 4 ♀♀, Bandar Anzali, 26. viii. 1983, Barâdarân-Anâraki leg., 1 ♀, Heyrân mountain pass, 1128 m, 10. ix. 2004, Moghaddam, Hâjiesmailiân leg., 1 ♀, Âstârâ, N 38 ˚ 17 ΄ 14.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 52 ΄ 22.1 ˝, 46 m, 18. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Golestân forest, 770 m, 25. viii. 1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg.; Hamedân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Arzânfud, 2240 m, 29. vii. 1987, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, 11. vii. 1974, Abâi leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 5 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1700 m, 25. vii. 2001, Gilâsiân, Moghaddam, Ghayurfar leg., 2 ♀♀, Sulgerd, 1250 m, 28. vii. 2001, Gilâsiân, Moghaddam, Ghayurfar leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Ghuchân- Bâjgirân Rd., 46 km N Ghuchân, Dorbâdâm protected area, N 37 ˚ 25 ΄ 25.5 ˝, E 58 ˚ 31 ΄ 34.0 ˝, 1800 m, 20. vi. 2013, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Semnân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Shâhrud, S Shâvâr Mt., 2030 m, 26. - 28. viii. 1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 5 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Evin, 19, 21, 22, 30, 31. vii. 1974, 25. viii. 1974, 13. ix. 1974, no collector is given (gen. prep. HA- 2451, HMIM); West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, 15 km NE Mâku, 6. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Orumiyeh, Band (Mirzââbâd), 1450 m, 21. vii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF824D6DE1F6FE462580F890.taxon	distribution	Distribution. A migrant species, which is widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions (Slamka 2013). In Iran it has previously been reported from Golestan [Golestan National Park (Tang-e Gol) and Gorgan] (Lederer 1871; Wieser et al. 2002), Razavi Khorasan (Binalud Mt.) (Amsel 1961) and Tehran (Damavand: Rineh) (Zerny 1939) Provinces.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF824D6DE1F6FE462580F890.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There is an intraspecific variation among the examined material in the bright area between the discoidal spots of the forewing, even within a population. In most of the specimens this area is yellow and contrasty, but in a few specimens it is dirty-yellow to pale brown, with less contrast.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D6BE1F6FF00252BFD39.taxon	description	(Fig. 27 B)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D6BE1F6FF00252BFD39.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 7 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀: Hormozgân Prov.: 1 ♀, Bandar Abbâs, 4. v. 1969, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀, Bandar Abbâs, Rudân, 400 m, 4. iv. 1973, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2432, HMIM), 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs, Hâjiâbâd, 1050 m, 3. v. 1996, Badii, Ardeh, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, Isin, 240 m, 5. iv. 1973, Abâi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♂, Jiroft, Esfandagheh, 21. iv. 1971, Safavi, Zairi leg., 1 ♀, Kahnuj, Âb Bârik, 500 m, 22. iv. 1994, Ebrâhimi, Parchami-Arâghi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2438, HMIM); Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Khâsh, 11 km NE Kârvândar, 1300 m, 13. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2435, HMIM), 1 ♀, Khâsh, 3 km S Sangân, 1550 m, 19. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, Bampur, Bazmân, 12. - 14. iv. 1973, Safavi, Borumand leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D6BE1F6FF00252BFD39.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Iran including Kerman (Anbar Abad) and Sistan and Baluchestan (Bandar Chabahar, Takht-e Malek and Putab: Kahuran) Provinces (Amsel 1951, 1959, 1961).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D6BE1F6FD662506FC7F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study. Distribution. Iran: Alborz Province (Nesa) (Amsel 1961).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D6BE1F6FBBD27A5F966.taxon	description	(Fig. 27 C)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D6BE1F6FBBD27A5F966.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♂, Rudbâr-e Sharestân, Daryâbak, 2150 m, 12. vi. 1995, Parchami-Arâghi, Ebrâhimi, Ardeh leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2828, HMIM).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D6BE1F6FBBD27A5F966.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Shiraz (Amsel 1961).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D6BE1F6FBBD27A5F966.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was decribed by Amsel (1961) based on one male and one female collected in Shiraz, Fars Province. It was transferred to the genus Loxostege by Yepishin (2022). As stated by Amsel (1961), the phallus cmprises a bunch of fine cornuti (Amsel 1961: 397, 424). In the single examined male, the uncus and fibulae are exactly match with the illustration of Amsel (1961), but the cornuti form a small horn-shaped sclerotized plate distally with several scattered thin spines around it. Additionally, the distal edge of the phallus is distinctly crenate (Fig. 28 A ‒ C). These features are not distinguishable in the photos of the holotype presented by Yepishin (2022) and neither is the shape of the juxta, which is clear in our examined male (Fig. 28 A). Genus Achyra Guenée, 1849	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D69E1F6F97826B7FC6E.taxon	description	(Fig. 27 D ‒ F) Pyralis nudalis H ̧ bner, 1796: pl. 14 fig. 90. TL: Not stated. Syn.: Pyralis interpunctalis H ̧ bner, 1796: 11, pl. 19 fig. 128.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D69E1F6F97826B7FC6E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 28 ♂♂, 31 ♀♀: Ardebil Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Meshginshahr, Âlni, N 38 ˚ 26 ΄ 20.46 ˝, E 47 ˚ 43 ΄ 38.81 ˝, 1340 m, 13. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♂, Moghân, Oltân, Aras river, N 39 ˚ 36 ΄ 17.6 ˝, E 47 ˚ 45 ΄ 00.3 ˝, 138 m, 17. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2596, HMIM); East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Marand, 1050 m, 4. vi. 1975, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2433, HMIM), 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 42 km N Marand, 1100 m, 7. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Marand, Zenuz, N 38 ˚ 36 ΄ 24 ˝, E 45 ˚ 48 ΄ 40 ˝, 1620 m, 13. vii. 2005, Zahiri, Golmohammadzâdeh-Khiâbân leg., 1 ♂, Miâneh, Bochogli, 1450 m, 26. v. 2004, Gilâsiân, Ghayurfar leg., 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Jolfâ, 8. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 2 ♀♀, Jolfâ, Nourduz, Aras river, N 38 ˚ 53 ΄ 59 ˝, E 46 ˚ 17 ΄ 53 ˝, 520 m, 14. vii. 2005, Zahiri, Golmohammadzâdeh-Khiâbân leg., 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Khodââfarin, Jânânlu, 360 m, 20. v. 2004, Ghayurfar, Gilâsiân leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Bandar Anzali, 15. vii. 1966, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♀, Tâlesh, Asâlem, 1250 m, 6. ix. 1972, Borumand, Zairi leg., 1 ♀, Rasht, 0 m, 22. vi. 2001, Ghayurfar leg.; Golestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Gorgân, 3. ix. 1963, Dararâghi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2541, HMIM), 1 ♀, Gonbad Kâvus, 11. vi. 1967, Bayât Asadi leg., 1 ♀, Âghghalâ, Chinsivly, 0 m, 2. vii. 2001, Ebrâhimi, Osten, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Tang Râh Ranger Sta., N 37 ˚ 23 ΄ 54.06 ˝, E 55 ˚ 47 ΄ 52.68 ˝, 476 m, 30. viii. 2009, Âlipanâh, Buszko, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, N 37 ˚ 22 ΄ 14.7 ˝, E 55 ˚ 56 ΄ 00.0 ˝, 718 m, 3. ix. 2009, Âlipanâh, Buszko leg.; Hormozgân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Minâb, 11. iii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 3 ♂♂, Hormoz Isl., 7. iii. 1999, Ghayurfar, Manzari leg., 2 ♂♂, Hengâm Isl., Ghir, 3. iii. 1999, Ghayurfar, Manzari leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Âshkhâneh- Bojnurd Rd., 15 km E Bojnurd, N 37 ˚ 31 ΄ 31.6 ˝, E 57 ˚ 08 ΄ 08.4 ˝, 1058 m, 16. vi. 2013, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg.; Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Ahwâz, Mollâsâni, 16. v. 1975, Borumand, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Dezful, Haft Tappeh, 100 m, 5. v. 1996, Sarafrâzi, Hâshemi leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, Baladeh, Razan, 1000 m, 22. vii. 1988, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Marzanâbâd, 400 m, 6. vii. 1995, Badii, Sarafrâzi, Linnavori leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♀, Sarakhs, Tajan, 250 m, 17. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♂, Abbâsâbâd, Miândasht Rd., Khârturân protected area, 6 km N Abbâsâbâd Ranger Sta., N 36 ˚ 23 ΄ 18.7 ˝, E 56 ˚ 19 ΄ 09.6 ˝, 1089 m, 11. vi. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Nikshahr, Tang-e Sarheh, 1100 m, 16. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, Châbahâr, Tis, 10 m, 17. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 1 ♀, Evin, 22. viii. 1971, no collector is given, 1 ♀, Robât Karim, Urin, 1050 m, 24. - 25. v. 1993, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 15 km S Mâku, 1050 m, 4. vi. 1975, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2434, HMIM), 5 ♂♂, 15 km NE Mâku, 6. vi. 1975, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2501, HMIM), 1 ♂, Mâku, Cheshmeh Sorayyâ, 900 m, 22. viii. 1994, Ebrâhimi, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♂, Gharah Ziâoddin, Hâj Ahmad Kandy, 1050 m, 25. v. 2004, Gilâsiân, Ghayurfar leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D69E1F6F97826B7FC6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern Europe from the Iberian Peninsula to Anatolia (majority of modern-day Turkey) and Transcaucasus, Mongolia, Armenia, Russia including Astrakhan area and Dagestan (Chechen, Karaman, Primorsky, Terekli-Mekteb); Cape Verde, Egypt, Niger, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Oman, Sierra Leone, South Africa; India; Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Palestine, Iran including Alborz (Karaj), Esfahan (Esfahan), Fars (Shiraz, Cherom), Gilan (Bandar Anzali), Golestan (Golestan National Park: Ghaleh Palangan), Kerman (Anbar Abad and Putab: Kahuran) and Khuzestan (Shadegan) Provinces (Amsel 1959, 1961; Mirazayans & Kalali 1970; Wieser et al. 2002; Slamka 2013; Poltavsky & Ilyina 2016; De Prins & De Prins 2011 – 2021), and Afghanistan (Amsel 1970).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF844D69E1F6F97826B7FC6E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the examined specimens, the ground colour of the wings varies from pale yellowish-creamy (Fig. 1 D) to ochreous-creamy, pale ochreous-brown (Fig. 1 E) and greyish-brown (Fig. 1 F). The cross lines and markings are pale brown to dark brown, depending on the intensity of the ground colour. In some specimens the cross lines are hardly visible (Fig. 1 D). The hindwing of some specimens is darker than the forewing (Fig. 1 E), and some others have a paler hindwing (Fig. 1 E, F), but these variations occur in the specimens with the same collecting data (Fig. 1 E, F).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D69E1F6FB982400F973.taxon	description	(Fig. 29 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D69E1F6FB982400F973.taxon	description	Syn.: Sceliodes nodiferalis Gaede, 1917: 400.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D69E1F6FB982400F973.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hormozgân Prov.: 1 ♂, Minâb, 23. iv. 1971, Safavi, Zairi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D69E1F6FB982400F973.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Niger, Tanzania, Botswana, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mali, Namibia, Rwanda, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Yemen, Oman, Afghanistan, Iran (Amsel 1961, 1970; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022; De Prins & De Prins 2011 – 2021).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D69E1F6FB982400F973.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Achyra coelatalis was reported from Iran as Loxostege fredi Amsel, 1961. The latter species was described by Amsel (1961) based on one male and one female collected by him from Afghanistan (Golbahar) in 1956 and several specimens (paratypes) previously collected by Fred Brandt from Iran (Sarzeh [Hormozgan Province] and Shiraz [Fars Province]) in 1937. Genus Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner, 1825	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D68E1F6F96A2474F947.taxon	description	(Fig. 29 B, C)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D68E1F6F96A2474F947.taxon	description	Syn.: Botys carnealis Duponchel, 1831: 322 – 323, pl. 232 fig. 4.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D68E1F6F96A2474F947.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 38 ♂♂, 29 ♀♀: Châhârmahâl and Bakhtiâri Prov.: 1 ♂, 5 km SW Shalamzâr, Tang-e Chezghân, 7. - 10. vii. 1983, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Shahrekord, 26. vii. 1974, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Miâneh, 1080 m, 7. vii. 1997, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Barâri leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kâghazkonân protected area, Âghkand, Hâjimir vill. to Mendejin vill. Rd., 5.5 km to Mendejin, vill., N 37 ˚ 21´19 ˝, E 48 ˚ 11´60 ˝, 1220 m, 15. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Esfahân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Kâshân, Karkas Mt., 2. vi. 1970, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Semirom, Pâdenâ, Tang-e Nevel, 2200 m, 12. - 13. ix. 1991, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♂, Shirâz, 10 km N Sivand, 1700 m, 15. v. 1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Dasht-e Arzhan, 1950 m, 13. v. 1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg.; Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♂, Rudbâr-e Shahrestân, Falâr, 1150 m, 25. vi. 1994, Ebrâhimi leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Rudbâr, 320 m, 26. vi. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Mâsâl, Olâsâblângâ, N 37 ˚ 18 ΄ 19.0 ˝, E 48 ˚ 59 ΄ 48.1 ˝, 770 m, 17. viii. 2013, Afsariân leg.; Hormozgân Prov.: 1 ♀, Bandar Abbâs, Gohreh, 9. iii. 1971, Âyatollâhi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Isin, 5. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs- Minâb Rd. (km 15), 150 m, 1. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bandar Abbâs- Sirjân Rd. (km 70), 500 m, 2. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs, Rudân, 400 m, 4. iv. 1973, Abâi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♂, Jebâl-e Bârez, 14. iv. 1971, Safavi, Zairi leg., 6 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Bâft, Ghanât-e Marvân, 2800 m, 23. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Bâft, Darreh Pahn, 1750 m, 21. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Jiroft, Esfandagheh, Sargaz, 1650 m, 20. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki leg.; Kermânshâh Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Eslâmâbâd-e Gharb, Ghallâjeh, 1800 m, 30. vi. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Mâhidasht, Châhârzebar-e Olyâ, 1500 m, 21. viii. 1996, Parchami-Arâghi, Barâri, V. Nazari leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Sisakht, Denâ Mt., 2200 m, 11. ix. 1974, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2439, HMIM); Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, Malâr, 8. vii. 1971, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 1 ♀, Baladeh, Razan, 1000 m, 22. vii. 1988, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, Bojnurd, Izmân, 1135 m, 17. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Sulgerd, 1150 m, 20. - 21. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Neyshâbur, Zabarkhân Hesâr, 1400 m, 12. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, N Binâlud Mt., 1800 m, 11. - 12. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Khâsh, 18 km NE Kârvândar, 1400 m, 14. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♂, 18 km W Irânshahr, Rig Kaput, 500 m, 15. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg.; Semnân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Abbâsâbâd- Miândasht Rd., Khârturân protected area, 3 km S Abbâsâbâd Ranger Sta., N 36 ˚ 22 ΄ 14.7 ˝, E 56 ˚ 15 ΄ 49.2 ˝, 1084 m, 10. vi. 2016, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♂, Abbâsâbâd- Miândasht Rd., Khârturân protected area, 6 km N Abbâsâbâd Ranger Sta., N 36 ˚ 23 ΄ 18.7 ˝, E 56 ˚ 19 ΄ 09.6 ˝, 1089 m, 11. vi. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; South Khorâsân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, NE Birjand, Gomenj, 2. v. 2008, Trusch leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2045, HMIM); Tehrân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Tehrân, Evin, 3, 24. vii. 1970, 6, 21. viii. 1971, 31. vii. 1974, no collector is given; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Bâzargân, 11. ix. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Khoy, Habasheh Soflâ, 1825 m, 19. - 20. viii. 1994, Sarafrâzi, Ebrâhimi leg., 1 ♀, 15 km NE Mâku, 6. vi. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Mâku, Sangar vill., N 39 ˚ 18 ΄ 37.5 ˝, E 44 ˚ 26 ΄ 8.52 ˝, 1004 m, 16. ix. 2011, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♀, Mâhneshân, Angurân protected area, Gharah Boogh, Ghâflân valley, N 36 ˚ 37´45 ˝, E 47 ˚ 41´25 ˝, 1710 m, 17. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D68E1F6F96A2474F947.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern Europe including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Croatia, French mainland, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia (including the regions of Kosovo and Vojvodina), Slovenia, Romania, Spanish mainland, Switzerland, W Ukraine (probably), Crimea Peninsula; Russia, Dagestan, Morocco, Turkey, Syria, Transcaucasia, Iran [Alborz (Karaj), Fars (Komehr, Komehr- Kakan Rd., Mian Kotal, Sepidan, Shiraz and Sineh Sefid), Golestan (Shahrud), Hamedan (Hamedan, Alvand Mt.), Hormozgan (Sarzeh), Mazandaran (Tarsi Kola), Sistan and Baluchestan (Sangan and Takht-e Malek) and Tehran (Tehran) Provinces], Western Sahara, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Pakistan (Christoph 1876 – 1877; Zerny 1940; Amsel 1961; Asselbergs 2008; Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014; Poltavsky & Liyna 2016; De Prins & De Prins 2011 – 2021).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF864D68E1F6F96A2474F947.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Most of the examined specimens have ochreous-brown to orange-brown forewings. Among the specimens collected from Kerman Province (Baft, Ghanat-e Marvan), both brown and light ochreous-brown forewings were observed (Fig. 28 B, C).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF874D17E1F6F8A5244BFDAB.taxon	description	(Fig. 29 D) Pyralis rubiginalis H ̧ bner, 1796: 22, pl. 12 fig. 79. TL: Austria, Vienna. Poland, Niemierow. Syn.: Pyrausta pygmaealis South in Leech & South, 1901: 505.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF874D17E1F6F8A5244BFDAB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Gilân Prov.: 1 ♂, Lâhijân, Siâhkal, Bâlârud, 270 m, 12. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFF874D17E1F6F8A5244BFDAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern and Central Europe, Baltic countries, Russia, central and Peninsular Italy, Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran [Gilan (Taher Gourab) and Golestan (Gorgan) Provinces], Central Asia, south of Siberia, Altai Mts, Sayan Mts, Amur (Lederer 1871; Amsel 1959; Slamka 2013). Genus Palepicorsia Maes, 1995	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF84D16E1F6FDAD2471FDBF.taxon	description	(Figs 29 E, F, 30 A, B)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF84D16E1F6FDAD2471FDBF.taxon	description	Syn.: Scopula palmalis Swinhoe, 1884: 525, pl. 48 fig. 11. Metasia emiralis Oberth ̧ r, 1888: 36 – 37, pl. 6 fig. 33.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF84D16E1F6FDAD2471FDBF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 19 ♂♂, 58 ♀♀: Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♀, Moghân, 5. ix. 1969, Damanâbi leg., 1 ♀, Moghân, Oltân, Aras river, N 39 ˚ 36 ΄ 17.6 ˝, E 47 ˚ 45 ΄ 00.3 ˝, 138 m, 17. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg., 3 ♀♀, Moghân, Doost Kandi, N 39 ˚ 41 ΄ 07.4 ˝, E 47 ˚ 57 ΄ 58.6 ˝, 34 m, 18. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Bushehr Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, Dâlaki, 130 m, 20. iii. 1973, Abâi leg., 7 ♀♀, Dâlaki, Bureki, 300 m, 21. iii. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Jam, 620 m, 19. xi. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, V. Nazari leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kaleybar, Vâyeghân, 1440 m, 5. - 6. viii. 1992, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, Dasht-e Arzhan, 10. vi. 1973, Abâi leg., 3 ♀♀, Tang-e Chogân, 30 km N Kâzerun, 930 m, 23. iii. 1973, Abâi leg.; Hormozgân Prov.: 1 ♀, Minâb, 13. iii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Bandar Abbâs- Minâb Rd. (km 15), 150 m, 1. iv. 1973, Abâi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2668, HMIM), 1 ♂, Bandar Abbâs, Rudân, 400 m, 4. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Isin, 240 m, 5. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Bandar Abbâs, Jalabi vill., 2. iii. 1973, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, 20 km NE Bandar Abbâs, Bâghu, 50 m, 30. iv. 1984, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 3 ♀♀, Bandar Lengeh, Moghuyeh, 60 m, 20. xi. 1997, V. Nazari, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Jâsk-Sirik Rd. (km 7), N 25 ˚ 44 ΄ 24.8 ˝, E 57 ˚ 47 ΄ 37.1 ˝, 28 m, 21. ii. 2012, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, 5 km N Bandar Chârak, 70 m, 24. iv. 1977, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♀, Jiroft (16 km SW), 820 m, 19. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki leg.; Khuzestân Prov.: 4 ♀♀, Ahwâz, Mollâsâni, 20 m, 16. v. 1975, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Dezful, Haft Tappeh, 70 m, 13. v. 1975, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Haft Tappeh, 70 m, 26. iv. 1976, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Shushtar, Kârun Company., 400 m, 2. vi. 1998, Ebrâhimi, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2661, HMIM), 1 ♀, Âbâdân, Ramileh, 8. v. 2002, Moghaddam, Serri, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, Minu Isl., 0 m, 4. iii. 1998, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Âgh-Âtâbây leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Daregaz, 3. viii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♀, Sarakhs, Khângirân, Cheshmeh Shur, 300 m, 16. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♂, 20 km N Dâmghân, Cheshmeh Ali, N 35 ˚ 19 ΄ 01 ˝, E 54 ˚ 27 ΄ 17 ˝, 1560 m, 23. - 24. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Châbahâr, Tis, 50 m, 12. xi. 1991, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg., 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Châbahâr, Zarâbâd, 26. iv. 2003, Moghaddam, Serri leg., 1 ♂, Châbahâr, Zarâbâd, 400 m, 2. i. 2003, Hâjiesmailiân, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Nikshahr, Tang-e Sarheh, 1100 m, 16. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, Sarheh, 9. viii. 1967, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Khâsh, Taftân Mt., 1800 m, 20. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 1 ♀, Varâmin, 24. vii. 1949, Eghlidi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF84D16E1F6FDAD2471FDBF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Portugal, Spain (including Canary Islands), French mainland, Lot, Sardinia, Malta, Cyprus, Lower Volga (Astrakhan), North Africa, Transcaucasia, Jordan valley, southern part of Russia (Rubas near Derbent), Iran [Alborz (Karaj), Kerman (Anbar Abad), Khuzestan (Hamidiyeh (near Ahwaz), Shadegan, Shush) and Sistan and Baluchestan (Bandar Chabahar) Provinces], Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Western Sahara, Yemen, United Arab Emirates, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan (Christoph 1876 ‒ 1877; Amsel 1949 b, 1959, 1961; Asselbergs 2008; Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014; De Prins & De Prins 2011 – 2021).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF84D16E1F6FDAD2471FDBF.taxon	discussion	Remarks 1. The forewing of examined specimens varies from creamy with brown cross lines and spots, and a slightly darker area between the cross lines (Fig. 29 E), to ochreous-brown and brown with darker and sometimes blackish-brown spots, cross lines and a darker area between the cross lines and the white external margin of the postmedial line (Fig. 29 F, 30 A). A single female collected from Bandar Abbas- Minab Rd., Hormozgan Province has ochreous-creamy forewings with a brown margin and pale brown spots and cross lines (Fig. 30 B). The antemedial line of the latter specimen is hardly visible. The forewing colour of the remaining specimens with the same collecting data ranges from creamy to pale ochreous-brown and pale brown. Remarks 2. “ Rubas ”, type locality of this species (Christoph 1876 ‒ 1877), is an area near Derbent in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It should not be confused with Darband in north of Tehran, Iran. Contrary to Nuss et al. (2003 – 2022), the type locality of this species is located in south of Russia. Genus Paracorsia Marion, 1959	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF94D16E1F6FDD02248F8B4.taxon	description	(Fig. 30 C) Pyralis repandalis Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller, 1775: 120. TL: Austria, surroundings of Vienna [Wienergegend] Syn.: Phalaena repandata Fabricius, 1787: 214. Pyralis pallidalis H ̧ bner, 1796: pl. 18 fig. 115.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF94D16E1F6FDD02248F8B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 23 ♂♂, 20 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♀, Karaj, Arangeh, 19. viii. 1978, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♂, Natanz, Targh, 2630 m, 8. viii. 2003, Ebert, Trusch, Nematiân leg., 1 ♀, Khomein, Delijân, 1780 m, 30. vii. 1981, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♂, Kâzerun, 5. vii. 1970, Safavi, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Shirâz, 10 km N Sivand, 1700 m, 15. v. 1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Shirâz, Kâmfiruz, 1750 m, 5. ix. 1974, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Estahbân, Koregarmedun, 1710 m, 20. x. 1999, Badii, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Âvaj, 13. vii. 1978, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Gorgân, Shast Kolâ, 500 m, 28. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.; Hamedân Prov.: 1 ♂, Nahâvand, Gâmâsiâb, 1750 m, 24. viii. 1995, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2650, HMIM); Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Izeh, Susan, 910 m, 2. vi. 1998, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Ebrâhimi leg.; Markazi Prov.: 1 ♂, Bozijân, Cheshmeh Derâz, 2000 m, 31. vii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♂, Khomein, Nâzi vill., N 33 ˚ 41 ΄ 50.0 ˝, E 50 ˚ 02 ΄ 17.7 ˝, 1872 m, 7. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1700 m, 25. vii. 2001, Gilâsiân, Moghaddam, Ghayurfar leg., 1 ♂, Bojnurd, Izmân, 1135 m, 17. v. 2005, Falsafi, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Sulgerd, 1150 m, 20. - 21. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Akhlamad, 13. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 10 km after Golmakân vill., Binâlud Mt. (Asheghân valley), N 36 ˚ 24 ΄ 12.9 ˝, E 59 ˚ 06 ΄ 22.5 ˝, 1884 m, 4. vi. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♀, Shâhrud, Dâneh Sarâ, 1280 m, 26. viii. 1984, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Shahmirzâd, Deh Sufiân vill., 2350 m, 21. vi. 2000, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Deuve leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 3 ♀♀, Tehrân, Evin, 29. v. 1970, 10. vi. 1971, 24. viii. 1971, 2. viii. 1974, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Damâvand, 2. viii. 1966, Kashkuli leg., 1 ♂, Firuzkuh, Chehel Cheshmeh, 1920 m, 21. viii. 1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg., 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Firuzkuh, Chehel Cheshmeh, 2000 m, 24. vi. 1998, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♀, Zanjân- Âbbar Rd., 40 km to Zanjân, N 36 ˚ 44 ΄ 07.8 ˝, E 48 ˚ 47 ΄ 34.2 ˝, 1706 m, 5. vi. 2012, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Tehem, Tâzehkand, N 36 ˚ 55 ΄ 25.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 42 ΄ 51.4 ˝, 1433 m, 26. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Sorkhâbâd protected area, Sohrein vill. to Dagâhi vill. Rd., 6 km to Dagâhi vill., N 36 ˚ 53´03.8 ˝, E 48 ˚ 28´08.3 ˝, 2084 m, 13. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF94D16E1F6FDD02248F8B4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern part of Central Europe, S Europe, European part of Russia, North Africa, Central Asia, Turkey, Armenia, Iran [Fars (Kazerun, Mian Kotal, Shiraz, Sineh Sefid, Kotal Pirezan), Golestan (Golestan National Park: Dasht), Razavi Khorasan (Binalud Mt.), Semnan (Shahrud) and Tehran (Tehran) Provinces] (Christoph 1876 – 1877; Amsel 1961; Wieser et al. 2002; Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFB4D12E1F6FF4D246AFF16.taxon	description	(Fig. 30 D) Pyralis nubilalis H ̧ bner, 1796: 25, pl. 14 fig 94. TL: Germany. Hungary. Syn.: Pyralis silacealis H ̧ bner, 1796: 25, pl. 18 fig 116.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFB4D12E1F6FF4D246AFF16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 57 ♂♂, 56 ♀♀: Ardebil Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Mogâhn, Pârsâbâd, 150 m, 10. viii. 1992, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg., 2 ♂♂, Pârsâbâd, 80 m, 18. v. 2004, Ghayurfar, Gilâsiân leg., 6 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Pârsâbâd, 60 m, 27. viii. 2010, Khâni, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♂, Pârsâbâd, Moghân, Agricultural field, N 37 ˚ 35 ΄ 41.0 ˝, E 48 ˚ 37 ΄ 45.3 ˝, 18. vi. 2007, Zahiri, Mozaffariân leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Pârsâbâd, Moghân, Doost Kandi, N 39 ˚ 41 ΄ 07.4 ˝, E 47 ˚ 57 ΄ 58.6 ˝, 34 m, 18. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg., 6 ♂♂, Pârsâbâd, Oltân, 80 m, 1. ix. 2010, Khâni, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Amârloo, 28. ix. 1970, Ebert, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, 1250 m, 6. ix. 1972, Borumand, Zairi leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Asâlem, 24. viii. 1977, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Asâlem, 250 m, 12. - 13. viii. 1992, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Asâlem, Kharajgil, 180 m, 24, 25. viii. 1994, Ebrâhimi, Sarafrâzi leg., 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Bandar Anzali, 15 km Asâlem- Pisâson Rd., 220 m, 30. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Asâlem, Shondol, 950 m, 9. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Farahbakhsh leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Sheykh Mahal, 160 m, 28. - 30. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Astârâ, N 38 ˚ 17 ΄ 14.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 52 ΄ 22.1 ˝, 46 m, 18. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♂, Bandar Anzali, 26. xi. 1966, Sabzevâri leg., 3 ♀♀, Bandar Anzali, 2. viii. 1968, Abâi, Mojib leg., 1 ♀, Rasht, Khomâm, 25. viii. 1957, Zairi leg., 1 ♂, Rasht, viii. 1971, Shenâsi leg., 1 ♀, Rasht, 0 m, 29. viii. 2001, Manzari, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Rasht, Mâsuleh, 1400 m, 12. viii. 1991, Hâshemi, Parchami-Arâghi leg., 1 ♀, Tâlesh, 1000 m, 13. - 14. viii. 1991, Hâshemi, Parchami-Arâghi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tâlesh, N 37 ˚ 35 ΄ 24.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 58 ΄ 19.7 ˝, 1621 m, 27. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg., 1 ♀, Tâlesh, Peysarâ, N 37 ˚ 54 ΄ 38.7 ˝, E 48 ˚ 51 ΄ 51.3 ˝, 151 m, 19. viii. 2013, Afsariân leg., 1 ♂, Tâlesh, Pilemberâ, Visâdar fall, N 37 ˚ 35 ΄ 24.6 ˝, E 48 ˚ 58 ΄ 19.7 ˝, 1621 m, 16. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg., 1 ♀, 15 km Tâlesh, Rek, 570 m, 31. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Tâlesh, Rig, N 37 ˚ 49 ΄ 39.1 ˝, E 48 ˚ 53 ΄ 53.7 ˝, 75 m, 26. viii. 2014, Afsariân leg.; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Mazârli, 530 m, 19. - 20. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Gorgân, 3. ix. 1963, Dararâghi leg., 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Gorgân, 28. iii. 1983 - 8. v. 1983, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Gorgân, 15. vii. - 1. viii. 1983, no collector is given; Mâzandarân Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Bâyeh Kolâ, 1998, no collector is given, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Bâyeh Kolâ, 21. viii. 1999, no collector is given, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 15 km Châlus, 220 m, 2. ix. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Kelârdasht, Marzanâbâd, 17. vii. 1976, Zairi leg., 1 ♀, Kelârdasht, Marzanâbâd, 400 m, 6. vii. 1995, Badii, Sarafrâzi, Linnavori leg., 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Râmsar, Dâlikhâni, 950 m, 1. ix. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, 25. vi. 1967, no collector is given, 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, 8. viii. 1971, Ghâzioff leg., 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, 16. - 25. ix. 1971, Mostofipour leg., 1 ♀, Tonekâbon lab., 10. - 11. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, Sehezâr, N 36 ˚ 41 ΄ 12 ˝, E 50 ˚ 50 ΄ 45.78 ˝, 1346 m, 4. vii. 2011, Nematiân, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, Dohezâr, N 36 ˚ 40 ΄ 32.12 ˝, E 50 ˚ 49 ΄ 34.18 ˝, 422 m, 3. vii. 2011, Nematiân, Âlipanâh leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 1 ♂, Tehrân, Evin, 10. vi. 1976, no collector is given; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, 15 km S Mâku, 1050 m, 4. vi. 1975, Abâi leg.; Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♀, Zanjân, Târom, Darrâm, Pâveh Rud, N 37 ˚ 02 ΄ 58.2 ˝, E 48 ˚ 44 ΄ 46.4 ˝, 497 m, 27. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFB4D12E1F6FF4D246AFF16.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, south of Asia, North Africa, North America (CABI 2022).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFB4D12E1F6FF4D246AFF16.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was first reported from Iran by Amsel (1959) as Micractis (Pyrausta) nubilalis H ̧ bner. It was previously represented by three subspecies, namely O. nubilalis nubilalis (H ̧ bner) (in Europe; Turkey; Russia; Iran [Fars (Rizeh, Lar) and Gilan (Bandar Anzali) Provinces, as well as northwestern part of the country]; Canada, and United States of America), O. nubilalis mauretanica (Mutuura & Munroe, 1970) (Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria and not extended to the eastern part of North Africa) and O. nubilalis persica (Mutuura & Munroe, 1970) (in northeastern part of Iran, Gorgan) (Mutuura & Munroe 1970). However, all the subspecies are presently considered as junior synonyms of O. nubilalis (De Prins & De Prins 2011 – 2021). Genus Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFD4D11E1F6FF4824B0FD9A.taxon	description	(Figs 30 E, F, 31 A)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFD4D11E1F6FF4824B0FD9A.taxon	description	Syn.: Paratalanta cultralis amurensis Romanoff, 1887: 30 – 32, pl. 2 fig. 4 (Botys cultralis var.)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFD4D11E1F6FF4824B0FD9A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 126 ♂♂, 46 ♀♀: Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♂, Meshginshahr, 25. viii. 1972, no collector is given, 3 ♂♂, Neur Lake, 2350 m, 17. viii. 1991, Hâshemi, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Khalat Pushân, 14. vii. 1975, no collector is given; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Astârâ- Ardebil Rd. (km 5), 100 m, 26. v. 1997, Sarafrâzi, Badii, V. Nazari leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Astârâ, Fandogh Poshteh, 726 m, 18. vi. 2001, Ghayurfar leg., 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Asâlem, 1250 m, 6. ix. 1972, Borumand, Zairi leg., 1 ♀, Asâlem, 250 m, 14. viii. 1992, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg., 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Asâlem, Âbish Gharah, 1250 m, 30. vii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Âbish Gharah, 1070 m, 17. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Asâlem, Kharajgil, 180 m, 24. - 25. viii. 1994, Sarafrâzi, Ebrâhimi leg., 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Asâlem, Kom, 150 m, 4. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Lâkushin, 305 m, 9. vi. 1997, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Barâri leg., 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Asâlem, Parehsar, 750 m, 13. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Asâlem, Parehsar, 950 m, 14. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Parehsar, 14. v. 1977, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Asâlem, Pisâson, 1150 m, 7. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, 15 km Asâlem- Pisâson Rd., 220 m, 30. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg., 1 ♂, Asâlem, Pisâson, 1300 m, 15. - 16. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 13 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Asâlem, Shondol, 950 m, 9. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Farahbakhsh leg., 2 ♂♂, Bandar Anzali, 30 km S Asâlem, Punel, 250 m, 12. viii. 1974, Mirzâyâns, Ilkhâni leg., 2 ♂♂, Eshkevarât, N 36 ˚ 52 ΄ 2.03 ˝, E 50 ˚ 10 ΄ 08.1 ˝, 1434 m, 16. viii. 2013, Afsariân leg., 1 ♂, Mâsuleh, Mâsuleh- Khalkhâl Rd., N 37 ˚ 09 ΄ 45.7 ˝, E 48 ˚ 59 ΄ 54.8 ˝, 1150 m, 13. ix. 2008, Âlipanâh, Buszko, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Rahimâbâd, Leymâ, Samâmus, 1500 - 2500 m, 6. - 7. viii. 1999, Ebrâhimi, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Rasht, 10. vii. 1971, Shenâsi leg., 1 ♂, Rezvânshahr, Dorân forest, N 37 ˚ 35 ΄ 44.7 ˝, E 49 ˚ 0.4 ΄ 51.7 ˝, 110 m, 19. vii. 2013, Afsariân, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♂, Rudbâr, 320 m, 26. vi. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Siâhkal, Bâlârud, 350 m, 6. - 7. vii. 2000, Ebrâhimi, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Barâri, Deuve leg., 3 ♂♂, Siâhkal- Deylamân Rd., Tootki vill., N 37 ˚ 03 ΄ 37.74 ˝, E 49 ˚ 50.56 ΄ 41 ˝, 464 m, 22. vii. 2010, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♂, Siâhkal, 12 km N Deylamân, 1300 m, 13. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Siâhkal, Deylamân, Khâssekhâni, 1250 m, 1. - 3. viii. 1999, Ebrâhimi, Badii, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♂, Tâlesh, 100 m, 13. - 14. viii. 1991, Hâshemi, Parchami-Arâghi leg., 12 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 15 km Tâlesh, Rek, 570 m, 31. viii. 1975, Mirzâyâns leg.; Golestân Prov.: 1 ♂, Gorgân, Aliâbâd, 12. vi. 1974, Rajabi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Gorgân, Aliâbâd, Kabudwâl, 220 m, 19. vi. 1995, Mirzâyâns, Sarafrâzi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Gorgân, Shast Kolâ, 500 m, 28. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg., 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Râmiân, Pashmaki, 1200 m, 12. viii. 1998, Mofidi-Neyestânak, V. Nazari leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2670, HA- 2671, HMIM), 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 700 m, 24. - 27. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 1 ♂, Âmol, Behak forest, 300 m, 22. x. 1974, Borumand, Pâzuki leg., 3 ♂♂, Âmol, Chamestân- Vâz vill. Rd., N 36 ˚ 18 ΄ 51.7 ˝, E 52 ˚ 07 ΄ 17 ˝, 1761 m, 28. vi. 2007, Âlipanâh, Nematiân leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Âmol, Sangechâl, 1200 m, 18. vi. 1995, Mirzâyâns, Sarafrâzi, Badii leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 30 km Âmol, Saghalchi, 500 m, 23. x. 1974, Borumand, Pâzuki leg., 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Behshahr, Duk forest, 840 m, 23. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 1 ♂, Dohezâr, 425 m, 11. x. 1995, Rezvâni, Badii, Ebrâhimi leg., 1 ♀, Dohezâr, Shâneh Tarâsh, N 36 ˚ 38 ΄ 45.17 ˝, E 50 ˚ 43 ΄ 24.47 ˝, 1621 m, 2. vii. 2011, Nematiân, Âlipanâh leg., 2 ♂♂, Hasankeyf, Mâzichâl, 1700 m, 2, 3. vii. 2000, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Deuve leg., 1 ♂, Kelârdasht, 24. vii. 1976, Zairi leg., 4 ♂♂, 12 km N Kelârdasht, S Abbâsâbâd, 700 m, 28. ix. 1981, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Kelârdasht, Hasankeyf, Tuydareh, 1420 m, 23. vii. 2002, Moghaddam, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, Kelârdasht, Mâzichâl, 1200 m, 13. vii. 2000, Ebrâhimi, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Deuve leg., 1 ♂, Nekâ, Nekâ Choob, Part I, Nahâlestân, Vanâmak, N Elburz Mt., N 36 ˚ 30 ΄ 29.2 ˝, E 53 ˚ 23 ΄ 23.4 ˝, 660 m, 16. - 17. ix. 2007, Zahiri, Falsafi leg., 1 ♀, Nowshahr, 21. x. 1971, Naim leg., 1 ♂, Nur, Chamestân, Dârkolâ, 15. vi. 1995, no collector is given, 1 ♂, Râmsar, Dormod, 1125 m, 4. - 5. vii. 2000, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Ebrâhimi, Deuve leg., 1 ♂, Râmsar, Javâherdeh, Eshkatechâl, 1152 m, 26. vii. 2002, Moghaddam, Nematiân leg., 1 ♂, Râmsar, Dâlkhâni forest, N 36 ˚ 49 ˊ 05.3 ˝, E 50 ˚ 39 ˊ 38.3 ˝, 727 m, 20. viii. 2017, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg., 1 ♂, Sâri, Kiâsar, 1600 m, 23. vi. 2000, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Deuve leg., 1 ♂, Sâri, Amreh II vill., Amreh forest, 500 m, 10. vi. 2005, Nematiân, Âlipanâh, Sinev leg., 3 ♂♂, Sangdeh, Cheshmeh Bulâ, 1650 m, 25. vi. 1998, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, 250 m, 22. vii. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, 30. ix. 1981, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Tonekâbon, Dohezâr Rd., N 36 ˚ 40 ΄ 32.12 ˝, E 50 ˚ 49 ΄ 33.64 ˝, 422 m, 3. vii. 2011, Nematiân, Âlipanâh leg., 2 ♂♂, Tonekâbon, Tonekâbon Lab., 10. - 11. viii. 1980, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 6 ♂♂, Tonekâbon, Sehezâr, Âsh Mahalleh, 760 m, 7. ix. 1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 2 ♀♀, Zirâb, Palang Darrreh, 540 m, 24 - 25. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg.; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Dasht-e Shâd, 1390 m, 25. - 26. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFD4D11E1F6FF4824B0FD9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central part of European Russia, Altai, northeast Turkey, Caucasus, Iran (Slamka 2013; de Jong et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFD4D11E1F6FF4824B0FD9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. So far, two subspecies are known: P. cultralis cultralis and P. cultralis amurensis (Christoph in Romanoff, 1887), of which the nominotypical subspecies is distributed in Iran (Slamka 2013). The wings’ ground colour in most of the examined specimens of the present study is yellowish-creamy with a brown to greyish-brown marginal area (Fig. 30 E), but a few females have ochreous-yellow ground colour (Figs 30 F, 31 A). In one of the females, which was collected in Asalem (Parehsar), Gilan Province, the marginal area is nearly concolourous with the ground colour or very slightly darker (Fig. 31 A).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D11E1F6FD1922EEFBD6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D11E1F6FD1922EEFBD6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe; Turkey, Russia (south of Siberia, Altai Mts, Amur, Primorie and Sakhalin), China, Korea, Japan (Slamka 2013) and Iran: Gorgan (Golestan Province) (Lederer 1871; Zhang et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D11E1F6FB5525EEFA4A.taxon	description	Syn.: Botys labutonalis Lederer, 1871.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D11E1F6FB5525EEFA4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. No material was available for examination in this study.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D11E1F6FB5525EEFA4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, North Korea, Japan, China (Zhang et al. 2014), Iran (as Botys labutonalis Lederer, 1871, which was collected in Gorgan) (Lederer 1871; Nuss et al. 2003 – 2022).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D10E1F6F91027BFFA97.taxon	description	(Fig. 31 B)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D10E1F6F91027BFFA97.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 34 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀: Châhârmahâl and Bakhtiâri Prov.: 1 ♂, S Borujen, 6 km S Dorâhun, 1850 - 2100 m, 1. vi. 2005, A. Hofmann, Meineke leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, Kaleybar, Vinâgh, 800 m, 7. - 8. viii. 1992, Parchami-Arâghi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, Kâghazkonân protected area, Âghkand, Hâjimir vill. to Mendejin vill. Rd., 5.5 km to Mendejin, vill., N 37 ˚ 21´19 ˝, E 48 ˚ 11´60 ˝, 1220 m, 15. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Kâghazkonân protected area, Sarcham- Ardebil Rd., 1.7 km after Gharâb-e Olya, N 37 ˚ 25´13 ˝, E 48 ˚ 8´1 ˝, 1760 m, 16. vi. 2020, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Esfahân Prov.: 1 ♂, Semirom, Sivar, 2150 m, 9. viii. 1978, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Semirom, Zamân Kahriz, 2380, 12. viii. 1978, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Semirom, Pâdenâ, Tang-e Bizhan, 2930 m, 13. viii. 1978, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, Dasht-e Arzhan, Kotal Pirezan, 2000 m, 18. vi. 1972, Ebert, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kâzerun, Dasht-e Arzhan, 1950 m, 13. v. 1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, 10 km N Sivand, 1150 m, 15. v. 1974, Abâi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Kâmfiruz, Tang-e Bostânak, 1750 m, 2. vi. 1990, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Sepidân, Sheshpir, 2200 m, 25. - 26. v. 1995, Hâshemi, Sarafrâzi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, Sepidân, Mârgoon waterfall, 2020 m, 23. - 25. vi. 1993, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2444, HMIM); Gilân Prov.: 1 ♂, Lowshân, Bivarzin, 900 m, 27. - 28. v. 1997, Badii, V. Nazari, Sarafrâzi leg.; Kermân Prov.: 14 ♂♂, Bâft, Ghanât-e Marvân, 2800 m, 23. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Jiroft- Bâft Rd. (55 km after Jiroft), Shengarâ, 2800 m, 24. v. 2004, Rajâei leg., 1 ♂, Mehriz- Anâr Rd. (27 km to Anâr), 8 km S Dehaj vill., Dehaj protected area, near Ayub cave, N 30 ˚ 36 ˊ 20.4 ˝, E 54 ˚ 52 ˊ 31.6 ˝, 2595 m, 2. vi. 2017, Âlipanâh, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg.; Kermânshâh Prov.: 1 ♂, Eslâmâbâd-e Gharb, Châhârzebar, 1600 m, 1. vii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Eslâmâbâd-e Gharb, Sorkheh Dizeh, 1600 m, 2. vii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Ghallâjeh, 1800 m, 18. viii. 1996, V. Nazari, Barâri, Parchami-Arâghi leg., 1 ♀, 38 km S Eslâmâbâd-e Gharb, Ghallâjeh, 1880 m, 13. vii. 1975, Pâzuki leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♂, 5 - 7 km N Sisakht, 1800 m, 2. vi. 1973, Irânshahr leg., 1 ♀, 30 km S Yâsuj, Kushk, 2200 m, 12. vi. 1972, Ebert, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, 20 km Yâsuj- Sepidân Rd., 2380 m, Tang-e Sorkh, 16. viii. 1978, Pâzuki, Borumand leg., 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Sisakht, 2100 m, 16. vi. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Yâsuj, Sisakht, 2250 m, 13. vi. 1972, Ebert, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, 5 km N Meymand, NW Denâ Mt., 2210 m, 18. - 20. viii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.; Lorestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Dorud, Darbâstâneh, 1750 m, 4. viii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2445, HMIM); Markazi Prov.: 1 ♀, Cheshmeh Derâz, 2000 m, 31. vii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Damâvand, Polur, Lâr dam, 2500 m, 7. - 8. vii. 1988, Pâzuki leg., 2 ♀♀, Firuzkuh, Chehel Cheshmeh, 1930 m, 29. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 8 km Band (Mirzââbâd), 1450 m, 21. vii. 1976, Pâzuki, Borumand leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D10E1F6F91027BFFA97.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Iran: Fars (Qalat, Khaneh Zenian, Komehr, Sineh Sefid) (Amsel 1961; Slamka 2013) and Mazandaran (Tarsi Kola) Provinces (Zerny 1939).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFE4D10E1F6F91027BFFA97.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The ground colour of the wings in the examined specimens varies from pale to slightly darker greyish-brown. Genera unplaced to tribe Genus Duzulla Amsel, 1952	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFF4D1FE1F6FAC9244DFCFB.taxon	description	(Fig. 31 C)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFF4D1FE1F6FAC9244DFCFB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 52 ♂♂, 71 ♀♀: Bushehr Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Dâlaki, 130 m, 20. iii. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 10 km N Dâlaki, 18. iv. 1977, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Dayyer, Domeygez, 0 m, 20. - 22. iv. 1999, Kalânaki, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 1 ♀, Dayyer, Gorm, 22. - 23. iv. 1999, Kalânaki, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Hormozgân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Bandar Abbâs, Âb Mâh, 7. iii. 1973, Ebert leg., 1 ♂, 30 km Bandar Abbâs- Bandar Lengeh Rd., W Bandar Lengeh, 183 m, 16. iv. 2004, Moghaddam, Serri leg., 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Bandar Abbâs, Gohreh, 9, 10. iii. 1971, Âyatollâhi, Pâzuki leg., 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Bandar Abbâs, Niân, N 27 ˚ 31 ΄ 50.3 ˝, E 56 ˚ 51 ΄ 30.9 ˝, 203 m, 5. v. 2016, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg., 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Bandar Abbâs- Minâb Rd. (km 15), 150 m, 1. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Bandar Abbâs, Rudân, 400 m, 4. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Rudân, 7. iii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Bandar Abbâs, Siâhu, 600 m, 10. - 11. iii. 1995, Sarafrâzi, Badii leg., 2 ♀♀, Bandar-e Khamir, 100 m, 4. iii. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Hengâm Isl., 3. iii. 1999, Ghayurfar, Manzari leg., 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Hormoz Isl., 90 m, 22. ii. 1997, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, Minâb, Râvang, N 24 ˚ 4 ΄ 03.6 ˝, E 57 ˚ 10 ΄ 22.9 ˝, 34 m, 4. v. 2016, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg., 1 ♂, Minâb, Rudân, 270 m, 29. iv. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Bandar Abbâs- Sirjân Rd. (km 70), 500 m, 2. iv. 1973, Abâi leg., 6 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Isin, Geno, 750 m, 25. iv. 1986, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Isin, Geno Mt., 300 m, 11. iii. 1991, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg., 5 ♀♀, Geno Mt., 1500 m, 6. vi. 1997, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♀, Geno Mt., 450 m, 18. ii. 1997, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Fâriâb, 5, 6. iii. 1972, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Bastak, Mehrân- Lâvar Rd., N 27 ˚ 03 ˊ 26.8 ˝, E 54 ˚ 37 ˊ 24.6 ˝, 260 m, 17. ii. 2012, Falsafi leg., 11 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, 15 km Pârsiân, N 27 ˚ 9 ΄ 57.5 ˝, E 53 ˚ 10 ΄ 58.0 ˝, 113 m, 7. v. 2016, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2417, HA- 2442, HMIM); Kermân Prov.: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Jiroft- Esfandagheh Rd., 21. iv. 1971, Safavi, Zairi leg., 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Jiroft, Esfandagheh, Sargaz, 1650 m, 20. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♀, Jiroft, Bârgâh, 650 m, 15. v. 1977, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 2 ♂♂, Kahnuj, Âb Bârik, 500 m, 22. iv. 1994, Ebrâhimi, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; Khuzestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Andimeshk, Bâlârud, 650 m, 8. v. 1998, Ebrâhimi, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg. (gen. prep. HA- 2454, HMIM), 1 ♀, Andimeshk, Bidrobeh, Amirseyf, 700 m, 2. v. 2001, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Gilâsiân, Hâjiesmailiân leg., 1 ♀, Dezful, Baladiyeh, 400 m, 1. vi. 1998, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Ebrâhimi leg., 1 ♂, Dezful, Shâhiyun, Pâmenâr, 450 m, 6. v. 2001, Mofidi-Neyestânak, Gilâsiân, Hâjiesmailiân leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Khâsh, 11 km NE Kârvândar, 1300 m, 13. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, Khâsh, 18 km NE Kangâvar, 1400 m, 14. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 3 ♀♀, Nikshahr, Tang-e Sarheh, 1100 m, 16. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♂, Khâsh, 3 km S Sangân, 1550 m, 19. v. 1972, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, Râsk, Ahmadâbâd, 400 m, 30. iv. 2003, Moghaddam, Serri leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFFF4D1FE1F6FAC9244DFCFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Syria, Jordan (Dead Sea area); Pakistan (Punjab, Cambellpore: Attock) (Hampson 1900); Iran [Bushehr (Dalaki), Fars (Lar), Hormozgan (Sarzeh) and Sistan and Baluchestan (Takht-e Malek, Bandar Chabahar) Provinces] (Amsel 1952, 1961). Genus Uresiphita Hübner, 1825	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF04D1DE1F6FC1D2341FD6A.taxon	description	(Fig. 31 D)	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF04D1DE1F6FC1D2341FD6A.taxon	description	Syn.: Pyralis polygonalis Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller, 1775: 121. Pyralis limbalis Denis & Schifferm ̧ ller, 1775: 122.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF04D1DE1F6FC1D2341FD6A.taxon	description	Pyralis rusticalis H ̧ bner, 1796: 26, pl. 18 fig. 121.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF04D1DE1F6FC1D2341FD6A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 124 ♂♂, 219 ♀♀: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♀, Karaj, Arangeh, 1620 m, 10. ix. 1983, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Tâleghân, 26. - 31. vii. 1976, Kâviân leg., 21 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Tâleghân, Sabzân, 1550 m, 30. viii. - 1. ix. 1996, Badii, Barâri, Sarafrâzi leg., 1 ♂, Karaj, Kalhâ, 2000 m, 25. - 26. viii. 1996, Barâri, Badii, Sarafrâzi leg.; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Moghân, 15. ix. 1964, Damanâbi leg., 10 ♀♀, Moghân, 25. viii. 1967, 17. ix. 1967, 21. viii. 1968, Arghand leg.; East Âzarbâijân Prov.: 1 ♀, Jolfâ, Kiâmaki, Miâb Mt., 2000 m, 5. viii. 1997, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, Marâgheh, 31. viii. 1991, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Kaleybar, Tâtâr, Aras river, N 39 ˚ 01 ΄ 12.2 ˝, E 46 ˚ 44 ΄ 29.4 ˝, 353 m, 29. vii. 2007, Âlipanâh, Zahiri, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Marand, 1050 m, 4. vi. 1975, Abâi leg.; Esfahân Prov.: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Kâshân, Natanz, Abyâneh, 2150 m, 6. vi. 1988, Hâshemi, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Kâshân, Natanz, Bidhand, 2050 m, 5. vii. 1981, Hâshemi leg., 3 ♀♀, Kâshân, Natanz, Lâkaj, 1550 m, 21. - 23. ix. 1996, Parchami-Arâghi, Barâri leg., 1 ♂, Kâshân, Natanz, Lâkaj, 1550 m, 9. ix. 1998, Manzari, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 2 ♀♀, Kâshân, Natanz, Sericheh, 1650 m, 29. - 31. vii. 1983, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 2 ♂♂, Kâshân, Niâsar- Sericheh Rd., 1650 m, 8. viii. 1988, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Shahrezâ, Nasrâbâd, 1550 m, 13. ix. 1991, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Fârs Prov.: 1 ♀, Dehbid, 2000 m, 15. vi. 1996, Sarafrâzi, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Eghlid, Basirân, 2030 m, 26. - 27. ix. 1996, Barâri, Moghaddam, Parchami-Arâghi leg., 1 ♀, Mamasani, 8. ix. 1971, Borumand leg., 1 ♀, Sepidân, Mârgoon waterfall, 1910 m, 28. ix. 1996, Barâri, Parchami-Arâghi, Moghaddam leg.; Qazvin Prov.: 1 ♂, Rudbâr, Alamut, Dikin, 23. - 24. ix. 1982, Hâshemi leg.; Qom Prov.: 1 ♀, 13 km S Qom, Qomrud, Seifâbâd, N 35 ˚ 47 ΄ 01.8 ˝, E 51 ˚ 23 ΄ 33.4 ˝, 912 m, 18. viii. 2007, Âlipanâh leg.; Gilân Prov.: 1 ♀, Bandar Anzali, 29. ix. 1970, Ebert, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Khoshkeh Dasht, 7. ix. 1970, Pâzuki leg., 5 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Rudbâr, Amârloo, 27. ix. 1970, Ebert, Abâi leg.; Golestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Tang-e Gol, 630 m, 4. - 5. ix. 1987, Pâzuki leg., 5 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Mazârli, 530 m, 19. - 20. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Yâkhti Kâlân, 2. vi. 1986, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Gorgân, Marâveh Tappeh, Gavandar, 250 m, 30. ix. 1992, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 3 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Gorgân, Torkaman Sahrâ, Ghalâgh Ghortâ, 0 m, 27. - 28. ix. 1992, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 2 ♂♂, Golestân, Gâlikesh, 190 m, 28. ix. 2000, Ghayurfar, Gilâsiân leg., 1 ♀, Gorgân, Golestân forest, Tunel, 770 m, 25. viii. 1983, Borumand, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, 14 ♀♀, 36 km N Gonâbâd, 830 m, 7. vi. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 2 ♀♀, N Shâhrud, Kâshidar, 1250 m, 21. - 22. viii. 1982, Hâshemi leg.; Hamedân Prov.: 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Hamedân, Arzânfud, 2240 m, 29. vii. 1987, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Nahâvand, Giyân, 1720 m, 19. - 20. viii. 2001, Ebrâhimi, Gilâsiân, Nematiân leg., 1 ♀, Târik Darreh, 2000 m, 26. vii. 1987, Mirzâyâns, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Tuyserkân, Bâbâpirali, 1900 m, 17. viii. 2001, Ebrâhimi, Gilâsiân, Nematiân leg.; Kermân Prov.: 1 ♀, Bâft, Darreh Pahn, 1750 m, 21. v. 1977, Safavi, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♀, Jiroft, Esfandagheh, 8. vi. 1971, Hâshemi, Naim leg., 1 ♀, Mâhân, E Jupâr, 1800 m, 5. x. 1993, Hâshemi, Ebrâhimi leg.; Kermânshâh Prov.: 5 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, Dâlâhu, Rijâb, 1050 m, 16. viii. 1996, Parchami-Arâghi, Barâri, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kermânshâh, Ghallâjeh, 1810 m, 18. viii. 1996, V. Nazari, Barâri, Parchami-Arâghi leg.; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♀, Yâsuj, Tang-e Sorkh, 2200 m, 9. ix. 1974, Pâzuki, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Pâdenâ, Tang-e Nevel, 2200 m, 12. - 13. ix. 1991, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Kordestân Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Marivân, 3. viii. 1967, Dezfuliân leg., 1 ♀, Sanandaj, Panirân, 22. vii. 1978, Hâshemi, Zairi leg.; Lorestân Prov.: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Aznâ, Savar, 1750 m, 5. x. 1991, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♀, Shâhâbâd, Ghâlikuh, 2100 m, 2. viii. 1997, Barâri, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg.; Markazi Prov.: 1 ♂, Mahallât, 1500 m, 3. ix. 1991, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Mâzandarân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Âmol, Rudbâr, 1600 m, 20. viii. 1981, Hâshemi leg., 1 ♂, Baladeh, Kersi, 1840 m, 12. ix. 2001, Ebrâhimi, Mofidi-Neyestânak leg., 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Baladeh, Razan, 1000 m, 22. vii. 1988, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Behshahr, Pâsand, Pâsand Res. Sta., 6. vii. 1981, no collector is given (L. T.), 1 ♀, N Kandovan, Khâkak, 2560 m, 9. vii. 1977, Pâzuki, Mortazavihâ leg., 1 ♀, Tonekâbon, 7. viii. 1971, Ghâzioff leg.; North Khorâsân Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Bojnurd, Asadli, 1970 m, 17. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 2 ♀♀, Dasht, 960 m, 18. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 2 ♀♀, Âshkhâneh- Bojnurd Rd., 15 km E Bojnurd, N 37 ˚ 31 ΄ 31.6 ˝, E 57 ˚ 08 ΄ 08.4 ˝, 1058 m, 16. vi. 2013, Falsafi, Âlipanâh leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1600 m, 30. ix. 2000, Ghayurfar, Gilâsiân leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1650 m, 17. - 18. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, 1600 m, 1. ix. 1987, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Âlmeh, Kerkuli, 1650 m, 2. - 4. ix. 1987, Pâzuki leg., 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 20 km SE Esfarâyen, Rishi, 1350 m, 16. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 10 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Sulgerd, 1100 m, 23. - 24. viii. 1984, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Golestân National Park, Sulgerd, 1100 m, 16. - 18. vii. 1985, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Sulgerd, 1150 m, 20. - 21. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg.; Razavi Khorâsân Prov.: 1 ♀, Akhlamad, 1250 m, 16. vii. 1971, Âyatollâhi, Pâzuki leg., 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Daregaz, Tandoreh, Shekarâb, Chelmir, 1950 m, 18. - 19. vii. 1977, Mirzâyâns, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♀, Daregaz, 1. viii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♀, Kâshmar, Feyzâbâd, 810 m, 16. v. 1995, Badii, Sarafrâzi, Linnavori leg., 2 ♀♀, Ghuchân, 30. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♂, Mashhad, Cheshmeh Gilâs, 1000 m, 9. ix. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Mashhad, Torogh, 28. v. 1971, 4. viii. 1971, Shâhrokhi leg., 1 ♀, Mashhad, Torogh, 1. viii. 1971, Kalali leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 20 km S Mashhad, 1000 m, 3. ix. 1980, Hâshemi, Zairi leg., 3 ♀♀, Neyshâbur, 26. vii. 1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg., 1 ♀, Neyshâbur, Zabarkhân Hesâr, 1400 m, 12. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Neyshâbur, Bozhân, 1350 m, 20. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 3 ♀♀, Binâlud Mt., 70 km NW Neyshâbur, Heydari Wildlife Refuge Sta., N 36 ˚ 35 ΄ 44.4 ˝, E 58 ˚ 34 ΄ 55.3 ˝, 1710 m, 9. vi. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♀, 10 km S Sabzevâr, Hâresâbâd, 940 m, 15. vi. 1977, Pâzuki, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, 9 ♀♀, Sarakhs, Khângirân, Cheshmeh Shur, 300 m, 16. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Sarakhs, Tajan, 250 m, 17. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Tâybâd, 650 m, 19. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg.; Semnân Prov.: 1 ♀, Golestân National Park, Dasht-e Shâd, 1390 m, 25. - 26. vii. 1996, Ebrâhimi, V. Nazari leg., 1 ♂, Shâhrud, Negârman, Shâhvâr Mt. slope, 1650 m, 21. viii. 1993, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♀, Shâhrud, Dâneh Sarâ, 1280 m, 26. viii. 1984, Mirzâyâns, Borumand leg., 2 ♂♂, Abbâsâbâd- Miândasht Rd., Khârturân protected area, 6 km N Abbâsâbâd Ranger Sta., N 36 ˚ 23 ΄ 18.7 ˝, E 56 ˚ 19 ΄ 06.9 ˝, 1089 m, 11. vi. 2016, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg.; Sistân and Baluchestân Prov.: 1 ♀, Sarheh, 9. viii. 1967, Abâi leg.; Tehrân Prov.: 15 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀, Tehrân, Evin, 5. v. 1974, 16. ix. 1971, 20. x. 1971, 15, 19, 27. vii. 1971, 9, 14, 17, 19, 22. viii. 1970, 20, 22, 25, 26. vi. 1970, 1, 14, 25. vii. 1970, 13, 17, 19. viii. 1971, 3. xi. 1970, 12. x. 1973, 30. v. 1974, 12, 14, 28. vii. 1974, 4, 24, 28. viii. 1974, 24. ix. 1970, 5, 10. x. 1974, no collector is given, 1 ♀, Lâr valley, 2420 m, 24. - 25. viii. 1992, Ebrâhimi, Badii leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Latiân dam, 2700 m, 13. viii. 1981, Hâshemi leg., 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Târ Lake, Palang Darreh, 2000 m, 16. ix. 1987, Hâshemi leg., 2 ♂♂, Târ Lake, 2700 m, 25. vii. 1988, Mirzâyâns, Badii leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Kamard, 9. ix. 1970, 1500 m, Abâi, Ebert leg., 1 ♀, Kamard, 12. ix. 1970, Ebert, Abâi leg.; West Âzarbâijân Prov.: 4 ♀♀, Bâzargân, 11. ix. 1975, Abâi leg., 1 ♂, Mâku, Sangar vill., N 39 ˚ 18 ΄ 37.5 ˝, E 44 ˚ 26 ΄ 8.52 ˝, 1004 m, 16. ix. 2011, Âlipanâh, Falsafi leg., 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 8, 22. ix. 1976, no collector is given; Zanjân Prov.: 1 ♂, Zanjân-Bijâr Rd., 50 km SW Zanjân, 1700 m, 28. vi. 1975, Pâzuki leg., 1 ♂, Zanjân, Dezlik, 1370 m, 21. viii. 1991, Hâshemi, Parchami-Arâghi leg., 2 ♀♀, Zanjân, Târom, Darrâm, Pâveh Rud, N 37 ˚ 02 ΄ 58.2 ˝, E 48 ˚ 44 ΄ 46.4 ˝, 497 m, 27. vi. 2013, Afsariân leg.	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
03D587FBFFF04D1DE1F6FC1D2341FD6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe excluding northernmost parts; Africa, including Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, South Africa, Seychelles, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Réunion, Namibia, Mozambique, Mauritius, Madagascar, Lesotho, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Asia, including SE Asia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iran [Alborz (Karaj), Fars (Shiraz), Golestan (Golestan National Park: Tang-e Gol), Hamedan (Hamedan and Soltanabad) and Sistan and Baluchestan (Sangan) Provinces]; Australasia: Hawaii, Rapa Island (Amsel 1961; Wieser et al. 2002; Slamka 2013; De Prins & De Prins 2011 – 2021; de Jong et al. 2014).	en	Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias, Slamka, František (2023): Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran. Zootaxa 5289 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1
