identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D287B63959FFC4FF2376C1FCADFCD8.text	03D287B63959FFC4FF2376C1FCADFCD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ciglianacris	<div><p>Ciglianacris n. gen.</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:478603</p><p>Type species.— Ciglianacris submontana n. gen. et n. sp.</p><p>Etymology. We dedicated this new genus to Dr. María Marta Cigliano, as an acknowledgement to her scientific work and her continued and interesting contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Melanoplinae.</p><p>Diagnosis. Slender insects, matte and slightly coarse body surface (particularly the pronotum) (Figs. 1, 2, 17, 18). Frons slightly convex in both sexes, eyes prominent but not noticeably surpassing the vertex level (Figs. 3, 12). Metazona a little longer than the prozona, males with the hind margin of pronotum rounded (Fig. 2), females with hind margin of pronotum straight (Fig. 13); pronotum mid-line present along all the pronotal disc. Both sexes brachypterous (Figs. 17, 18). Male: Cerci slender, upwardly curving from mesal portion to tip, reduced furculae (Fig. 5). Phallic complex: Cingulum with the endophallic plates expanding (Fig. 8), valves of the aedeagus slim and distally divergent (Fig. 11), slightly sclerotized distally, sheath of aedeagus dorsally covering the valves of the aedeagus (Fig. 10). Body color mostly brownish-gray with olive green extremities (Fig. 17); in females, chevron femora filled with black (Fig. 18); post-ocular stripe present, extending along the lateral margin of the pronotum until the fourth abdominal tergite.</p><p>Relationships. Ciglianacris n. gen., closely resembles the other Andean genera Bogotacris and Chibchacris, from which it differs by not having a completely shiny-smooth body surface. The head of the aforementioned two genera tends to be noticeably more slanted and shiny, with a more pronounced fastigium. This new genus seems to be closer to Bogotacris than to Chibchacris, as it does not have modified tips of the cerci (a common character in Chibchacris). Also, the aedeagus valves of Ciglianacris are thin and not very sclerotized, and they are enveloped in a membrane-like fold (or sheath of aedeagus), in contrast with the other two genera, where they are well sclerotized and not covered in any fold whatsoever, or if the sheath of aedeagus is present in these genera not is so developed as the new genus.</p><p>The new genus hereby described, is also similar with the genera from the group Scotussae; because the aedeagus valves have a cylindrical cross-section, with no mid-longitudinal furrow, diverging caudally; the sheath of aedeagus has a mid-longitudinal cleft in its middle lobe, and the lateral lobes developed (Ronderos 1985; Cigliano &amp; Ronderos 1994; Dinghi et al., 2009). As for the wing development and general appearance, besides the white dots in the eyes in live specimens, Ciglianacris n. gen., resembles the genera Chlorus Giglio-Tos, 1898, Dichromatos Cigliano, 2007 and Eurotettix Bruner, 1906 . This new genus differs from the Scotussae group genera mentioned above in that it lacks a strip that is usually located in the inner margin of the inter-chevron space; comparable genera, such as Chlorus, have an acutely angled, inwardly-arched, distally half lamelliform cerci. Eurotettix has slender cerci, curved inwards with the tips directed inwards tapering or weakly expanded at the tip and Dichromatos cerci taper in their distal end toward the tip, which is pointy-ended, and inwardly curved a mostly right angle; this contrasts with Ciglianacris n. gen., which has slender, upwardly curved cerci from the mesal portion towards the tip.</p><p>In comparing Ciglianacris n. gen., with some Andean genera and others of the Scotussae group, it is evident that the new genus is closer to the genera of the latter, which is why we suggest its inclusion in the Scotussae group. Ciglianacris n. gen., which inhabits middle and low elevations in the inter-Andean valleys of the Eastern Versant of the Central Colombian Cordillera and the Western Side of the Eastern Cordillera in Colombia, would be then the most northerly distributed member of the Scotusssae group, which is better represented in the Paraná basin and in the Argentinian Pampa region .</p><p>Distribution. The only species known so far has been found at mid-elevations in the Boyacá, Santander, Cundinamarca and Tolima departments (all specimens in the Eastern Cordillera except for a female photographed in Tolima in the Central Cordillera), between 1400 to 1900 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B63959FFC4FF2376C1FCADFCD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Granda, Juan Manuel Cardona	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Granda, Juan Manuel Cardona (2017): Studies in Colombian Caelifera and adjacent territories: Ciglianacris, a new genus of Andean Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Zootaxa 4286 (2): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.2.9
03D287B6395CFFC7FF2370A2FC05FC27.text	03D287B6395CFFC7FF2370A2FC05FC27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ciglianacris submontana	<div><p>Ciglianacris submontana n. sp.</p><p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:478604</p><p>Holotype. Male, Colombia, Cundinamarca, Venecia . Cundinamarca, 1500 m. at 4° 5'30.93"N, 74°27'38.85"W; May 2014. J. Cardona leg. (CAUD).</p><p>Paratypes. Same data as Holotype 2 males and two females, but of June 2015 A. Zapata &amp; D. Rueda leg. 1 female, Boyacá, Coper, Vereda Turtur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.004234&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.425564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.004234/lat 5.425564)">Sector San Ignacio</a>, 1600 m. 5°25'32.03"N, 74° 0'15.24"W. December 2015. O.J. Cadena-Castañeda leg. (CAUD).</p><p>Description. Male. Slender, fusiform body, moderately rugose, abundantly covered with hairs all over (Figs. 1–2). Coloration. Mostly light brown to beige, with reddish brown antennae, purplish eyes spotted with small whitish dots, post-ocular stripe present, tegmina, pronotal disc and upper area of the lateral lobes dark brown; abdomen, cephalic capsule and lower margin of the lateral lobes beige-brown. Legs olive-green (turning yellowish when specimens are preserved in alcohol). Genicular lobe of hind femora and distal region of tarsi reddish-brown; meso-metanotum and the four first abdominal tergites with a black side-stripe (Fig. 17). Head. Fastigium rounded, moderately projecting from between the eyes. Frontal costa slightly curved; eyes round, not very bulging. Filiform antennae, with 20 segments (Fig. 3). Thorax. Prosternal spine conical, slightly curved towards the lower margin of the prosternum. Pronotum with fore margin straight and hind margin pointed and rounded. Midline of pronotum slightly raised, all the way from fore to hind margin. Prozona and metazona bounded by transverse sulcus. Tegmina ovoid, evenly reticulated, not touching dorsally and extending to the base of the second abdominal tergite (Fig. 4). Fore and mid-femora robust, fore and mid tibiae with 4–5 spines on both sides of the ventral side. Hind femora with conspicuous chevrons, hind tibia with 9 dorso-external and 10 dorso-internal spines. Abdomen. Tenth tergite narrow; reduced, almost nonexistent furcula. Subtriangular epiproct, with a rounded tip; mid impression all the way to almost the middle of the epiproct length, distal portion of the epiproct slightly depressed (Figs. 5, 6). Cerci laterally flattened, tapering and curving upwards from the middle (Fig. 5). Subgenital plate cupuliform, with a straight distal margin and with the protruding pallium covering the genitalia completely (Figs. 5–6). Phallic complex. Well sclerotized epiphallus, bridge margins straight, conical and prominent lophi (Fig. 7); endophallic plates foliaceous and wide (Figs. 8, 9), long and slim aedeagus valves, diverging away towards the tip, which is less sclerotized than the rest of the valves (Figs. 9, 11). Sheath of the aedeagus membranous, covering most of the aedeagus (Figs. 10, 11).</p><p>Female. Stouter than the males (Figs. 12, 18), anterior margin of the pronotum rounded, hind margin straight; tegmina noticeably separated in dorsal view, covering only the tip of the metanotum (Fig. 13); coloration of the two pairs of legs and hind femora beige-brownish; some females have slight spots in the ventral side of femora, and fore and mid tibiae. Spaces between the chevrons of hind femora dark brown; hind tibiae olive green (Fig. 18). Triangular epiproctus, with a rounded tip, medial impression present extending up to the third of the total length of the epiproctus; short, conical cerci (Fig. 14). Dorsal valve of ovipositor a little longer than the ventral valve, evenly wavy and denticulate (Fig. 15); subgenital plate with wavy hind margin (Fig. 16).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the mid-to lower elevations where the species has been found.</p><p>Measurements (in mm) male/female. LB: 16–17.2/21–22.5, Pr: 3.3–3.5/3.5–3.7, Teg: 2–2.2/2.5–2.8, HF: 9.5–10.2/10.5–11, HF: 10–10.5/11–12.</p><p>Comments. Determined as “unknown Melanopline” in Cardona, 2015.</p><p>Ecology. This species has been found in meadows and forest border in knee-high grass and forbs, mostly seen feeding on the latter, never high in the bushes. It seems to prefer wet, slightly shaded areas at the border of tree groves; instead of jumping away (although it does), when approached it most often drops to the tangled undergrowth, making them difficult to catch or observe. The species described is fairly common and even abundant, but not easily seen due to their cryptic color, and because it inhabits lower levels of the vegetation, where they can be overlooked or confused with more common species (such as Orphulella spp.). Often found along with Psilocirtus splendidus Hebard, 1923, Phaeoparia bicolor (Hebard, 1923) and Caenomastax spp. The species seems to be more abundant in the Eastern Cordillera, but along with P. splendidus, it seems to have colonized a few spots in the Eastern flank of the Central Cordillera (at the other side of the Magdalena River), at roughly the same latitudes it is found in the Eastern Cordillera, where it could be widespread.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B6395CFFC7FF2370A2FC05FC27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Granda, Juan Manuel Cardona	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Granda, Juan Manuel Cardona (2017): Studies in Colombian Caelifera and adjacent territories: Ciglianacris, a new genus of Andean Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Zootaxa 4286 (2): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.2.9
