identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D287BAFFD10F63FF31FF6DF3984002.text	03D287BAFFD10F63FF31FF6DF3984002.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosopistoma helenae	<div><p>Prosopistoma helenae sp. n.</p><p>Larva. Notal shield (carapace) length along median suture 2.5 mm and total length of body 4.0 mm. Carapace wider than long, width 1.2–1.3 x length; head width 3 x length and 0.6 times carapace width. Carapace flange relatively wide (Figs 1 A, 2).</p><p>Head: Head yellowish-brown unicoloured, antennae lighter. Compound eyes oval, blackish, slightly smaller than oval lateral ocelli (Figs 1 A, 2). Epicranial suture weakly visible, passing through middle part of lateral ocelli, and between compound eyes and antennal bases (Fig. 3 A). Antennae 6-segmented, third segment shorter (0.8 x times) than total length of segments IV–VI; antennae reaching anterior margin of head (Fig. 3 A).</p><p>Mouthparts: Fore margin of labrum convex in medial part and straight laterally, with short fringe of thin setae (Fig. 3 A). Dorsal surface of labrum densely covered with articulated tiny hair-like setae, without any apparent microstructures.</p><p>Outer canine of mandible with three apical teeth of approximately same length, inner one slightly longer (Fig. 3 B). Outer margin of outer canine with 4–6 teeth, inner margin of outer canine with 3–5 teeth; first distal tooth large, conspicuous, more than twice as long and wider than others. Inner canine of mandible shorter by one third than outer one, rod-like, apically bifurcate, with a pair of elongate and narrow pointed teeth, with three subapical sharply pointed teeth (first tooth markedly longer than following teeth). Five serrated long setae arising from base of inner canine, first anterior seta shorter than remaining setae, and one long simple seta in the middle of outer margin of mandible. A field of setae and setal sockets medially to basally on mandible.</p><p>Maxilla with four dentisetae, three long and mildly serrated setae near base of dentisetae and one simple seta near base of galeolacinia (Fig. 3 C). Maxillary palp 3-segmented, segment II long, distinctly longer than segment I (1.7–1.8 times).</p><p>Labium typical of Prosopistomatidae (Fig. 3 D). Labial palps 3-segmented, reaching front margin of labium. Labial palp segment II 0.8 times length of segment I, segment III 0.5 times length of segment II.</p><p>Thorax: Carapace yellowish-brown, without any markings, carapace flange and distal part of carapace transparent (Fig. 1 A). Posteromedial part of carapace distinctly concave (Fig. 6 A).</p><p>Fore femora and coxa with reticulate pattern on dorsal surface consisting of scale-like hexagonal or pentagonal structures; dorsal margin of femora with over 20 fine and simple setae (Fig. 4). Ventral margin of fore tibiae with six or seven large and pointed spines with pectinate inner margins (with about 6–7 acute teeth) and one long rounded seta on distal margin of tibiae; dorsal margin of tibiae with two simple setae submarginally; dorsal surface of tibia with several double (V-shaped) setae; ventral surface of tibia with 4–5 stout pointed setae (Fig. 4). Fore tarsus with several long pointed setae along both dorsal and ventral margins and on dorsal surface.</p><p>Lamella of gill I apically not extended, but slightly asymmetric and rounded; fully-grown larva with about 8–9 major filaments branching of gill I (Fig. 5 A). Gill II rectangular (ratio width/length 0.75), posterior margin evidently concave, outer lateral margin straight, inner lateral margin distinctly convex (Fig. 5 A).</p><p>Abdomen: Abdominal segments VII–IX apparently round or even semi-circular with posterolateral projections asymmetric, with concave posterior margin and relatively narrow apex (Fig. 6 A). Segment X oblong-shaped, distinctly longer than wide. Cerci retracted, hardly visible in dorsal view.</p><p>Imago. Not known.</p><p>Diagnosis. Larvae of P. helenae sp. n. can be separated from other Palaearctic species by the combination of characters and comparative ratios shown in Table 1. Prosopistoma helenae sp. n. clearly differs from P. oronti and P. orhanelicum by the different number of antennal segments and the number of setae on right mandible (Table 1). The shape of carapace is similar in these species (Fig. 1), wider than long. However, the median part of posterior margin of carapace is convex in P. orhanelicum comparing to concave margin in P. helenae sp. n. and P. oronti and the ornamentation of the carapace is indistinct in P. helenae and P. orhanelicum comparing to distinct four-spotted dark brown ornamentation on anterior half of the carapace in P. oronti (Fig. 1). Absence of ornamentation on the carapace of P. helenae was apparent also on fresh material in 1989, when it was examined for the first time. The number of pectinate spines on foretibiae in older larvae is similar in P. helenae sp. n. and P. oronti and higher in P. orhanelicum .</p><p>based on material described in Thomas et al. (1988): 23 larvae and parts on slides; Liban, l'Aouali au pont (Jisr) Bisri, v.–ix. 1979 –1980; A. Dia leg., coll. T. Soldán based on literature data (Dalkıran 2009)</p><p>Larvae of P. helenae sp. n. have the same number of antennal segments reaching anterior margin of head as those of P. pennigerum, although antennal segment III is shorter in P. helenae sp. n. (Table 1). At a glance, they differed by the shape and ornamentation of carapace and abdominal segments VII–X. Carapace of P. helenae sp. n. is distinctly wider than long, with wide flange and apparently concave medial part of posterior margin, and without ornamentation (Figs 1, 2). Abdominal segments VII–IX have clearly round posterior margins and narrow apical parts of their lateral processes (Figs 1 F, 6A). In contrast, the carapace of P. pennigerum is longer than wide, with narrower flange and only shallowly concave medial part of posterior margin (Figs 1 C, 6D). Its ornamentation is typical, with darker orange-brown lateral parts of carapace and darker parts above wing pads forming two lobes forwards (Fig. 1 C). This pattern is apparent also on younger larvae. Abdominal segments VII–IX have angular posterior margins and wide apical parts of their lateral processes (Fig. 6 D). Further, they have different shape of the apical part of gill I, rounded in P. helenae sp. n. and extended to a lobe in P. pennigerum, and slightly different shape of gill II (Fig. 5). P. helenae sp. n. has fewer pectinate spines on foretibiae than P. pennigerum .</p><p>Type material. Holotype: older larva (parts on slides); Iraq, Mosul Province, Tigris River in Mosul; 36°19'54.3"N, 43°09'04.6"E, 190 m a.s.l.; 29.–30. ix. 1989; T. Soldán leg.</p><p>Paratypes: 12 larvae and parts on slides from the same locality as holotype.</p><p>The material is deposited in the collection of Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.</p><p>Type locality. Prosopistoma helenae sp. n. was collected in the Tigris River in Mosul near the bridge where the river channel was relatively wide (150–200 m) and formed islands, lagoons and short lateral channels (Fig. 7 A). Larvae were not collected in the habitats with slow and uniform flow prevailing in the main channel of the river, but only in riffles and swift flow below an impoundment on lateral channel (Fig. 7 B). The lateral channel was about 15–20 m wide and about 20–40 cm deep (max. depth about 1 m) with medium current velocity and turbid water. Larvae lived predominantly under cobbles sparsely overgrown with green algae, accompanied by larvae of Labiobaetis sp., Baetis gr. fuscatus, Serratella ignita and Caenis cf. luctuosa (no Heptageniidae or Leptophlebiidae were found).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Helen Barber-James (Grahamstown, South Africa), an expert and enthusiast on the family Prosopistomatidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287BAFFD10F63FF31FF6DF3984002	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bojková, Jindřiška;Soldán, Tomáš	Bojková, Jindřiška, Soldán, Tomáš (2015): Two new species of the genus Prosopistoma (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from Iraq and Algeria. Zootaxa 4018 (1): 109-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.6
03D287BAFFD70F6FFF31F8C0F2D6415D.text	03D287BAFFD70F6FFF31F8C0F2D6415D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosopistoma alaini	<div><p>Prosopistoma alaini sp. n.</p><p>Larva. Notal shield (carapace) length along median suture 3.1 mm and total length of body 4.7 mm. Carapace slightly wider than long, width 1.1 x length; head width 2.1 x length and 0.6 times carapace width (Figs 1 B, 8).</p><p>Head: Head yellowish-brown unicoloured, antennae lighter. Compound eyes oval, blackish, slightly smaller than roughly oval lateral ocelli (Fig. 8). Epicranial suture well-visible, passing through posterior margin of lateral ocelli, and between compound eyes and antennal bases (Fig. 8 A). Antennae 7-segmented, third segment markedly shorter (0.6 x times) than total length of segments IV–VII; antennae not reaching anterior margin of head (Fig. 9 A).</p><p>Mouthparts: Fore margin of labrum markedly convex in medial part and straight laterally, lateral parts fringed with long fine setae (Fig. 9 A). Dorsal surface of labrum pitted.</p><p>Outer canine of right mandible with three apical teeth equal in size; inner margin of outer canine with five teeth increasing in size towards apex and outer margin of outer canine with 5–7 wide teeth closely adjoining below (Fig. 9 B). Inner canine of right mandible shorter and narrower than outer, with two short and wide apical teeth of similar size, four long acute teeth in outer margin of canine below apex and three long acute teeth in inner margin of canine below apex. Eight or nine long and serrated setae arise from base of inner canine, first anterior setae shorter than remaining setae. A field of rich setae and/or setal sockets medially to basally on mandible.</p><p>Maxillae crowned by rigid canine and four subequal moveable dentisetae; three stout and mildly serrated setae near base of dentisetae, one long reaching length of dentisetae and two shorter of about one fifth of length of longer setae (Fig. 9 C). Maxillary palps 3-segmented, segment II very narrow and long, distinctly longer than segment I (about 1.8–1.9 times).</p><p>Labium typical of Prosopistomatidae (Fig. 9 D). Labial palps 3-segmented, reaching front margin of labium. Labial palp segment II 0.8 times length of segment I, segment III 0.4 times length of segment II.</p><p>Thorax: Carapace yellowish-brown, without any distinct markings, abdominal segments slightly brownish tinted (Fig. 1 G). Wing pads and their basis of teneral subimago well-recognisable in mature larva (Fig. 1 B). Carapace flange transparent but not apparently translucent, relatively wide. Posteromedial part of carapace weakly concave, almost straight (Figs 1 G, 6B).</p><p>Fore femora and coxa with ornamentation on dorsal surface consisting of scale-like structures; dorsal margin of femora with numerous fine and simple setae (Fig. 10). Ventral margin of fore tibiae with 8 large and pointed spines, with pectinate inner margins (with about 4–5 acute teeth) proximally following by 6–7 thin pointed spines (probably also pectinate), and with one long rounded seta on distal margin of tibiae; dorsal surface of tibia with about 20 double setae; ventral surface of tibia with about 10 long, stout pointed setae along entire length of tibia. Foretarsus with several long pointed setae along both dorsal and ventral margins and on dorsal surface.</p><p>Lamella of gill I apically extended into a lobe; mature larva with about 8–9 major filaments branching of gill I (Fig. 5 B). Gill II rectangular (ratio width/length 0.8), posterior margin and outer lateral margin concave, inner lateral margin distinctly convex.</p><p>Abdomen: Anterior part of abdominal segment VII covered by carapace; abdominal segments VII–IX apparently angular with straight posterior margins; posterolateral projections nearly symmetric, with straight inner margins and relatively wide apices (Figs 1 G, 6B). Segment X rectangular, wider than long. Cerci retracted, not visible in dorsal view.</p><p>Diagnosis. Larvae of P. alaini sp. n. can be told apart from other Palaearctic species by the combination of characters and comparative ratios shown in Table 1. Carapace of Prosopistoma alaini sp. n. is wider than long like in P. orhanelicum, P. oronti and P. helenae sp. n., but with weakly concave, almost straight, medial part of posterior margin and posterior margin of carapace gently slopes rearwards covering anterior half of abdominal segment VII (Figs 1, 6). Unlike P. oronti and P. pennigerum, it has no distinct ornamentation. The number of antennal segments is higher than in P. pennigerum, P. helenae sp. n. and P. oronti and despite high number of antennal segments, antennae do not reach anterior margin of head (Fig. 7 A). Further, P. alaini sp. n. differs in the number of setae on right mandible and pectinate spines on foretibiae (Table 1).</p><p>Larvae of P. alaini sp. n. are the most similar to those of P. orhanelicum; common features include the number of antennal segments not reaching anterior margin of head, no distinct ornamentation on carapace and angular abdominal segments VII–IX (Table 1). P. alaini sp. n. has more setae on right mandible, different shape of inner canine of mandible (short and wide apical teeth) and gill I (lamella with extended apex and much less rich branching; Fig. 5), and almost straight posterior margin of carapace (comparing to convex carapace of P. orhanelicum, Fig. 6). The number of spines on foretibiae is high in both species, but probably higher in P. alaini sp. n. Mature larva of P. alaini sp. n. has eight thick pectinate spines that are followed by six or seven thin setae in the proximal third of foretibiae (Fig. 9). Mature larva of P. orhanelicum has up to nine, rarely ten, spines which are both pectinate and simple according to Dalkıran (2009) (six thick pectinate spines followed by several simple thin spines were depicted).</p><p>Type material. Holotype: mature larva (parts on slides); Oued Isser, Sidi Abdelli; 300 m a.s.l., 16. vi. 1982; J. Gagneur leg. Grid reference of the type locality is not available.</p><p>Paratypes: 1 mature larva and 1 mature larva on slides from the same locality as holotype.</p><p>Deposited in the collection of Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Alain G.B. Thomas (Toulouse, France), an outstanding expert on the North African aquatic fauna and mayflies in general.</p><p>Remarks. Prosopistoma alaini sp. n. is known only from Oued Isser in Algeria. Material collected in Oued Tizguid near Ifrane in the Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco (Touabay et al. 2002) could belong to this species as well. We visited Oued Tizguid below Ifrane in May 2014, however, we did not find any specimen of Prosopistoma there. The species could be extirpated due to strong water pollution there.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287BAFFD70F6FFF31F8C0F2D6415D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bojková, Jindřiška;Soldán, Tomáš	Bojková, Jindřiška, Soldán, Tomáš (2015): Two new species of the genus Prosopistoma (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from Iraq and Algeria. Zootaxa 4018 (1): 109-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.6
03D287BAFFDB0F68FF31F925F33342F9.text	03D287BAFFDB0F68FF31F925F33342F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosopistoma pennigerum (Müller 1785) Muller 1785	<div><p>Prosopistoma pennigerum (Müller, 1785)</p><p>Larva. Notal shield (carapace) length along median suture 3–4 mm and total length of body 5–6 mm in ultimate and penultimate instars.</p><p>Carapace longer than wide, width 0.8–0.9 x length; head width 2 x length and 0.6 times carapace width (Fig. 1 C).</p><p>Head: Head yellowish-brown unicoloured, antennae lighter. Compound eyes oval, blackish, slightly smaller than triangular lateral ocelli. Epicranial suture well-visible, passing through posterior margin of lateral ocelli, and between compound eyes and antennal bases. Antennae 6-segmented, third segment of similar length (1.05 x times) as total length of segments IV–VI; antennae reaching anterior margin of head.</p><p>Mouthparts: Fore margin of labrum convex in medial part and straight laterally, with short fringe of thin setae. Dorsal surface of labrum pitted.</p><p>Outer canine of right mandible with three apical teeth equal in size (inner tooth slightly longer); inner margin of outer canine with 6–7 teeth increasing in size towards apex and outer margin of outer canine with 6–8 wide teeth closely adjoining below. Inner canine of right mandible shorter than outer, with two wide apical teeth of subequal size and three long and acute teeth below apex. Seven or eight long and serrated setae arise from base of inner canine; first anterior seta shorter than remaining setae. A field of rich setae and/or setal sockets medially to basally on mandible.</p><p>Maxillae crowned by rigid canine and four subequal moveable dentisetae; three mildly serrated setae near base of dentisetae. Maxillary palps 3-segmented, segment II narrow and long, distinctly longer than segment I (1.6–1.7 times).</p><p>Labium typical of Prosopistomatidae . Labial palps 3-segmented and long, markedly extending front margin of labium. Labial palp segment II 0.8 times length of segment I, segment III 0.5 times length of segment II. Thorax: Carapace yellowish-brown, lateral parts milky; distinct brownish heart-shape pattern on carapace (Fig. 1 C), noticeable also on smaller larvae. In mature larvae, ornamentation strengthened by dark bases of wings of teneral imago visible through carapace (Fig. 1 C). Posteromedial part of carapace shallowly concave (Fig. 6 D).</p><p>Fore femora and coxa with reticulate pattern on dorsal surface consisting of scale-like hexagonal or pentagonal structures; dorsal margin of femora with over 20 fine and simple setae. Ventral margin of fore tibiae with 7 large and pointed spines with pectinate inner margins (with about 6–7 acute teeth) proximally followed by 3–4 thin and pointed spines, probably also pectinate. One long, rounded and stout seta with pectinate inner margin on distal margin of tibiae. Dorsal margin of tibiae with numerous double setae; ventral surface of tibia with 4–5 stout pointed setae. Fore tarsus with several long pointed setae along both dorsal and ventral margins and on dorsal surface.</p><p>Lamella of gill I apically extended into evident lobe, mature larva with about 8–9 major filaments branching of gill I (Fig. 5 C). Gill II rectangular (ratio width/length 0.75), posterior and outer lateral margins evidently concave, inner lateral margin distinctly convex (Fig. 5 C).</p><p>Abdomen: Abdominal segments VII and IX apparently angular with straight posterior margins; posterolateral projections nearly symmetric, with straight (or slightly convex) posterior margins and relatively wide apices (Figs 1 C, 6D). Segment X oblong-shaped, apparently wider than long. Cerci retracted, usually little distinguishable in dorsal view.</p><p>Material examined. 2 larvae (one dissected); Portugal, Río Támega, Frariz; 28. ix. 1983; L. S. W. Da Terra leg.</p><p>3 larvae (two dissected for study of internal organs in Landa 1969a); Hungary, Maros River; Szeged; M. Straškraba leg.</p><p>1 larva (on slides); France (Dept. Haute-Garonne), Garonne River above Cavaletade (Toulouse); July 1928; R. Despax leg.</p><p>Deposited in the collection of V. Landa, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287BAFFDB0F68FF31F925F33342F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bojková, Jindřiška;Soldán, Tomáš	Bojková, Jindřiška, Soldán, Tomáš (2015): Two new species of the genus Prosopistoma (Ephemeroptera: Prosopistomatidae) from Iraq and Algeria. Zootaxa 4018 (1): 109-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.6
