taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D287EDEC7CB134478FFB37729CF868.taxon	description	(Fig. 4, Table 1)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7CB134478FFB37729CF868.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0082 – 0110. Ochreous impure limestone horizon on the left bank of the Barkhan river section, Kharinadi Formation, lower Miocene (Aquitanian), 23 ° 20 ’ 08 ’’ N, 68 ° 45 ’ 40 ’’ E, elevation 12 m, 13 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7CB134478FFB37729CF868.taxon	description	Description. Colony unilaminar, encrusting molluscan shell. Autozooids elongate-hexagonal, broader in the middle, tapering distally as well as proximally, arranged quincuncially, each bordered by distinct, thin, raised, smooth autozooidal boundary (Fig. 4 A). Orifice transversely D-shaped, distally arched, straight or weakly concave proximally. Adoral tubercles large, conspicuous, located on either side of the orifice (Fig. 4 B). Two small, rounded, equal opesiules placed away from the lateral walls of the autozooids. Cryptocyst well developed, flat, shallow, granular with moderately coarse perforations. Avicularia interzooidal, rare, small, tear-drop shaped, rostrum indistinct, at bifurcation of autozooids, directed obliquely proximally toward orifice of the preceding autozooid; avicularian cryptocyst proximally developed and granular (Fig. 4 C). Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7CB134478FFB37729CF868.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Proximally or proximolaterally directed avicularia is an important character of Dibunostoma, allowing inclusion of the present species in this genus. Dick et al. (2020) noted that D. transversum is so similar to Dibunostoma reversum (Harmer, 1926) that, had it been found in a Recent fauna, the two species might be considered conspecific. They did note, however, that D. transversum differs from Holocene – Recent D. reversum in having many (but not all) autozooids narrowing distally, appearing somewhat flask-shaped, with the avicularian rostrum oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the next-proximal autozooid, rather than pointing proximolaterally. Dick et al. (2020) also noted that putative D. reversum identified from South Korea by Yang et al. (2018) was misidentified.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB133478FFF5775A6FBF8.taxon	description	(Fig. 5, Table 2)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB133478FFF5775A6FBF8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: GIS / B 0111; Paratypes: GIS / B 0112 – 0130. Cliff section of Laiyari, Kharinadi Formation, lower Miocene (Aquitanian), 23 ° 23 ’ 43 ” N, 68 ° 46 ’ 09 ” E, elevation 40 m, 14 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB133478FFF5775A6FBF8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the late Dr. R. M. Badve, in acknowledgement of his contribution to palaeontology.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB133478FFF5775A6FBF8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony encrusting. Autozooids mostly elongate-rectangular, arranged in quincunx, each bordered by raised, thick autozooidal boundaries. Orifice almost pyriform shaped. Adoral tubercles wanting. Opesiules subtriangular, equal in size. Cryptocyst smooth, minutely perforated. Avicularia small, triangular, placed proximal to the autozooid with distally directed acute rostrum.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB133478FFF5775A6FBF8.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, arranged in longitudinally series of alternating rows. Autozooids long, with equal, parallel walls, surrounded by distinct, thick, raised autozooidal boundaries, fused with those of adjacent autozooids (Fig. 5 A). Some autozooids exhibit anomalous growth (Fig. 5 B). Orifices generally subpyriform and longer than wide, with raised margin, the distal border more arcuate and the proximal border slightly concave. Adoral areas narrow, without tubercles. Two equal subtriangular opesiules adjacent to lateral walls of autozooids away from the proximal lip of the orifice. Cryptocyst an extensive shelf, shallow, smooth, with minute perforation. Avicularia rare, small, triangular, distal to an autozooid at bifurcation of rows; rostrum acute with blunt tip, directed distally (Fig. 5 C). Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB133478FFF5775A6FBF8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Thalamoporella voigti Guha & Gopikrishna, 2004 superficially resembles the present species in the shape of its avicularia. However, T. voigti has raised prominent adoral tubercles, more-vasiform autozooids bordered by very thick, raised finely beaded autozooidal boundaries and a coarsely perforated cryptocyst. Thalamoporella spinosa Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1999 shows some resemblance in the shape of orifices and thick autozooidal borders but differs from the present species in having large adoral tubercles, unequal opesiules, short autozooids and avicularia that differ in position, shape and size.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB130478FF8AB76F0FD71.taxon	description	(Fig. 6, Table 3)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB130478FF8AB76F0FD71.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: GIS / B 0131; Paratypes: GIS / B 0132 – 0152. Yellowish limestone west of Haripar, Kharinadi Formation, lower Miocene (Aquitanian), 23 ° 22 ’ 08 ’’ N, 68 ° 49 ’ 40 ’’ E, elevation 20 m, 12 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB130478FF8AB76F0FD71.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the ‘ Bhuj’ district of Kachchh region, Gujarat.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB130478FF8AB76F0FD71.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony erect, cylindrical with dichotomously branching stems. Autozooids rectangular, in longitudinal series, bordered by thick raised autozooidal boundaries. Orifices subcircular. Adoral tubercles present. Opesiules subrounded, equal in size. Cryptocyst granular, perforated. Avicularia asymmetrical with subacute rostrum directed distolaterally. Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB130478FF8AB76F0FD71.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, cylindrical, stems dichotomously branching, circular in cross-section. Autozooids generally elongate-rectangular, arranged quincuncially in longitudinal series, with parallel or slightly convex lateral margins, bordered by distinct, thick, raised, smooth-rimmed autozooidal boundaries, fused with those of adjacent autozooids (Fig. 6 A). Orifices subcircular, longer than wide, with raised rim, distal border arcuate, proximal margin concave. Adoral tubercles large, raised, on opposite sides of orifice. Two subrounded, equal opesiules adjacent to lateral walls of autozooids away from proximal lip of orifice. Cryptocyst sunken below level of autozooidal rim, granular with coarse perforation. Avicularia asymmetrical, c. 60 % of autozooid length, rostrum subacute with blunt tip, directed distolaterally away from sibling zooid; opesia elongate-oval, c. 50 % of avicularian length; cryptocyst granular, developed around opesia laterally and proximally (Fig. 6 B). Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC7BB130478FF8AB76F0FD71.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has distinctive asymmetrical avicularia directed away from the sibling zooid. It differs from related Thalamoporella falcifera (Hincks, 1880), which has strongly curved avicularia with an acute tip (see Soule et al. 1999, p. 8, fig. 6).	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC79B13E478FFAF97436FF78.taxon	description	(Fig. 7, Table 4)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC79B13E478FFAF97436FF78.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0153 – 0182. Yellowish limestone at cliff section of Lakdi Nadi near Tera village, Chhasra Formation, late lower Miocene (Burdigalian), 23 ° 23 ’ 19 ’’ N, 68 ° 58 ’ 10 ’’ E, elevation 52 – 56 m, 15 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC79B13E478FFAF97436FF78.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar. Autozooids long, slender, somewhat vasiform, being broader in middle with convex lateral margins, tapering proximally and distally (Fig. 7 A). Autozooids arranged quincuncially in longitudinal series, each with distinct raised granular autozooidal margin. Orifices small, D-shaped, much raised distally with thick arched rim and straight or weakly concave proximal margin. Two small adoral tubercles present on each side of aperture. Opesiules small, oval, equal in size, placed near proximal edge of orifice away from lateral margins. Cryptocystal shelf well developed, shallow, densely perforated with moderately large pores. Avicularia present at bifurcation of rows, torqued towards distal zooid (Fig. 7 B); avicularium almost 70 % of autozooid length, with long acute rostrum tapering distally, rounded proximally, proximal part of cystid with wide, granular cryptocyst. Kenozooids also developed in colony, similar to autozooids in length and width (Fig. 7 C). Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC79B13E478FFAF97436FF78.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Thalamoporella arabiensis Amui & Kaselowsky, 2006 from the Gulf of Aden is a junior homonym and needs a new name. It differs from the Kachchh species in having bilaminar branches and no avicularia or adoral tubercles; orifices are nearly circular with small condyles.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC77B13F478FFF1B73D9FB3B.taxon	description	(Fig. 8, Table 5)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC77B13F478FFF1B73D9FB3B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0183 – 0189. Gypseous shales Harudi, Harudi Formation, middle Eocene (Lutetian), 23 ° 31 ’ 25 ” N, 68 ° 41 ’ 07 ” E, elevation 10 m, 13 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi. GIS / B 0190 – 019. Yellow limestone, Murachbann, 2 km from Walaram Teerthdham, Chhasra Formation, late lower Miocene (Burdigalian), 23 ° 30 ’ 10 ” N, 68 ° 52 ’ 99 ” E, elevation 91 – 93 m, 14 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC77B13F478FFF1B73D9FB3B.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar. Autozooids arranged quincuncially, mostly elongate-rectangular, some almost subquadrate, with straight to weakly convex lateral margins; each zooid bordered by thin, raised margins (Fig. 8 A). Orifice subpyriform, wider than long, the distal border highly arched, the proximal margin weakly concave. Adoral areas well developed with an indistinct tubercle on either side of orifice (Fig. 8 B). Paired opesiules subequal to unequal, large and rounded, close to proximal rim of orifice and flanking a narrow, deeply sunken polypide tube; cryptocystal shelf elongate with sparse perforation (Fig. 8 C). Avicularia at bifurcation of rows, elongate with spatulate rostrum expanded distally and constricted proximally at pivot points; proximal opesia transversely beanshaped, cryptocyst smooth; combined rostrum and opesia c. 55 % or more of avicularium length (Fig. 8 B, D). Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC77B13F478FFF1B73D9FB3B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Guha & Gopikrishna (2004) erected a new species, Thalamoporella domifera, having no tubercles and distinctive avicularia with a dome-shaped distal margin and prominent raised pivot margins. Re-examination of specimens, however, revealed that this species is conspecific with Thalamoporella bifoliata Ziko, 1985, hence T. domifera is a junior subjective synonym. This species shows a close resemblance to Thalamoporella tubifera Levinsen, 1909 (see Soule et al. 1992, p. 60, figs 84 – 91) but in that species the avicularia are not so dome-shaped distally, and the opesia is not transversely bean-shaped. Thalamoporella mayori Osburn, 1940 also shows a superficial resemblance to the present specimens but orifices in T. mayori are wider than long (see Soule et al. 1992, p. 44, figs 63 – 65). Further, avicularia are spoon-shaped distally, not dome-shaped, and the avicularian cryptocyst is proportionately small and tapering with a pair of tiny opesiules. Thalamoporella liotica (Ortmann, 1890) exhibits some resemblance to the present species in the shape of orifices and opesiules (see Levinsen 1909; Canu & Bassler 1929), but differs in having a thicker mural rim, vase-shaped avicularia and coarse frontal pores.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC77B13C478FF9FE7510FE75.taxon	description	(Fig. 9, Table 6)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC77B13C478FF9FE7510FE75.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0196 – 0203. Gypseous shale Harudi, Harudi Formation, middle Eocene (Lutetian), 23 ° 31 ’ 25 ” N, 68 ° 41 ’ 07 ” E, elevation 10 m, 13 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi. GIS / B 0204 – 0210. Waior Limestone, Maniyara Fort Formation, upper Oligocene (Chattian), 23 ° 25 ’ 30 ” N, 68 ° 41 ’ 58 ” E, elevation 6 m, 13 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC77B13C478FF9FE7510FE75.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, quadriserial, stem four-sided, dichotomously branching. Autozooids in alternating longitudinal series, more or less elongate-rectangular, cryptocystal margins raised, coarsely granular, slightly tapering proximally. Orifice transversely D-shaped, arched distal margin thick, raised, the proximal rim elevated, weakly concave (Fig. 9 A, B). Adoral areas narrow, with indistinct tubercles. Two large opesiules, equal, longitudinally oval, adjacent to lateral walls of zooid below proximal orificial rim, polypide tube slightly sunken. Cryptocyst long, narrow, with minute perforations, deeply sunken proximally (Fig. 9 A). Avicularia and ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC77B13C478FF9FE7510FE75.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present material conforms to Thalamoporella dorothea Guha & Gopikrishna, 2004 in all essential characters. The species superficially resembles Thalamoporella tewarii Guha & Gopikrishna, 2004 (p. 27, figs 24, 25). Both species have an erect growth form and lack avicularia, but the latter has more zooidal series, and stems expand distally while autozooids are not so narrow and elongate as in T. dorothea. In its erect habit, the present species may be compared with Thalamoporella victoriensis Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1992, but this species is bilaminar, with broader stems.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC75B13A478FFF1B7360FEC1.taxon	description	(Fig. 10, Table 7)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC75B13A478FFF1B7360FEC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0211 – 0230. Yellow limestone, Murachbann, 2 km from Walaram Teerthdham, Chhasra Formation, late lower Miocene (Burdigalian), 23 ° 30 ’ 10 ” N, 68 ° 52 ’ 99 ” E, elevation 91 – 93 m, 13 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC75B13A478FFF1B7360FEC1.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar. Autozooids elongate, narrow, generally parallel-sided (Fig. 10 A), surrounded by a thick, distinct, mural rim (Fig. 10 B). Orifices large, elongate-oval to transversely D-shaped, distal border highly arched, raised, proximal margin concave. Adoral areas narrow, without tubercles. Conspicuous paired oval opesiules present near lateral walls of autozooids proximal to orifice, mostly of equal size, flanking a deeply sunken polypide tube (Fig. 10 C). Cryptocyst shallow, perforated more densely in proximal half or twothirds. Avicularia at bifurcation of rows, drop – shaped, c. 75 – 80 % of autozooidal length (Fig. 10 B, D), with slightly raised acute symmetrical rostrum, foramen elongate-oval, more than half of avicularium length, cryptocyst granular. Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC75B13A478FFF1B7360FEC1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present species superficially resembles Thalamoporella vinjhaniensis Guha & Gopikrishna, 2004 in the shape of avicularium. However, in that species the avicularium is torqued toward the sibling zooid. Thalamoporella kachchhensis also closely resembles T. floridana (Osburn, 1914) in the shape of avicularia (see Chaney et al. 1989), however, in T. floridana avicularia are c. 65 % of zooidal length, adoral tubercles are well developed and irregular, and opesiules are unequal. The present species also closely resembles T. gothica (Busk, 1856) in the shape of the avicularium (see Chaney et al. 1989, p. 344, fig. d; Soule et al. 1999, p. 19, figs 25 – 28). However, T. gothica has comparatively short and wide autozooids, orifices wider than high and small or no adoral tubercles. Thalamoporella gracilata Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon, 2001 shows some resemblance in the shape of the avicularium, but it differs from the present species in orifice shape and opesiule size.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC73B13B478FFF1B7662FCB4.taxon	description	(Fig. 11, Table 8)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC73B13B478FFF1B7662FCB4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0231 – 0270. Yellowish limestone west of Haripar, Kharinadi Formation, lower Miocene (Aquitanian), 23 ° 22 ’ 08 ’’ N, 68 ° 49 ’ 40 ’’ E, elevation 20 m, 14 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC73B13B478FFF1B7662FCB4.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar. Autozooids arranged quincuncially in alternating longitudinal series, rectangular, bordered by indistinct, raised, smooth autozooidal borders. Orifices subcircular, a little wider than long, strongly arched distally with a concave proximal margin (Fig. 11 A, B). Cryptocyst shallow, smooth, gently sloping towards opesiular region. Adoral area narrow lacking tubercles. Opesiules large, rounded, unequal, deeply sunken, adjacent to lateral walls proximal to orifice. Avicularia at bifurcation of rows, c. 75 % of autozooidal length, vicarious, elongate, straight, with rounded rostrum directed distally; foramen somewhat elongate-pyriform in eroded present material, c. 80 % of avicularian length, cryptocyst little preserved proximally, smooth (Fig. 11 B). Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC73B13B478FFF1B7662FCB4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present material agrees with T. kharinadiensis Guha & Gopikrishna, 2004, but the preservation is poor, reflected in the details of the avicularium and apparent absence of pores in the cryptocyst. Additionally, most of the autozooids in a colony show anomalous growth, i. e. incomplete cryptocysts, that might reflect growth in a low pH setting.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC73B13B478FFAA474D0F803.taxon	description	(Fig. 12, Table 9)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC73B13B478FFAA474D0F803.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0271 – 0299: yellowish siltstone of Waghot cliff section and claystone of Kankawati River south of Vinjhan village, Chhasra Formation, late Lower Miocene (Burdigalian), 23 ° 03 ’ 10 ’’ N, 69 ° 00 ’ 23 ’’ E, elevation 25 m, 15 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC73B13B478FFAA474D0F803.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar. Autozooids rectangular with parallel or slightly convex lateral margins, bordered by distinct, thin, slightly raised, sutured boundaries. Orifice circular to subcircular and wider than long, the arched distal margin raised, proximal margin concave (Fig. 12 A). Adoral areas narrow without tubercles. Two subrounded, unequal opesiules close to lateral walls. Cryptocyst perforated, shallow, granular, slightly depressed in opesiular region. Avicularia small, oval, located at either right-hand or left-hand distolateral corner of orifice at bifurcation of rows, with rounded rostrum directed distolaterally (Fig. 12 B). Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC73B13B478FFAA474D0F803.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present material overall agrees with T. minuta Guha & Gopikrishna, 2004 except that opesiules are unequal-sized, autozooidal boundaries in some autozooids are slightly raised and avicularian crossbars are broken, thus not exhibiting the distinctive θ (theta) or figure-eight shape.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC70B139478FF98B7559FEE5.taxon	description	(Fig. 13, Table 10)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC70B139478FF98B7559FEE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0300 – 0325. Argillaceous limestone in Waior-Charopadi stream near Waghot, Chhasra Formation, lower Miocene (Burdigalian), 23 ° 25 ’ 55 ’’ N, 68 ° 42 ’ 40 ’’ E, elevation 28 m, 16 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC70B139478FF98B7559FEE5.taxon	description	Description. Colonies erect, cylindrical, with dichotomously branching stems, circular in cross-section. Autozooids arranged in quincunx, rectangular, each separated from neighbours by thick, raised granular boundaries; arranged in series of alternating rows (Fig. 13 A). Orifice transversely D-shaped, distally arched, proximal margin straight. Two small adoral tubercles, one on each side of orifice. Two small equal-sized opesiules, oval or subrounded, below the slanting edge of orifices away from the lateral walls of the autozooid. Frontal cryptocyst well developed, sunken below level of autozooidal margin, granular, coarsely perforated by relatively large pores (Fig. 13 B). Avicularia at bifurcation of rows, narrowly elongate, symmetrical, almost 75 % of autozooid length; torqued towards sibling zooid (Fig. 13 C, D); rostrum tapering distally with acute tip, rounded proximally, foramen drop-shaped, c. 80 % of avicularian length, the proximal part bordered by smooth cryptocyst. Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC70B139478FF98B7559FEE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has an avicularium shape similar to that in the Thalamoporella hamata – T. falcifera – T. winstonae group illustrated by Soule et al. (1999, pp. 7 – 11, figs 4, 5, 6 a, c, 7, 8), but in these species the avicularium is torqued away from the sibling zooid.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC71B126478FF9587372FEE4.taxon	description	(Fig. 14, Table 11)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC71B126478FF9587372FEE4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0326 – 0352. Yellow limestone, Murachbann, 2 km from Walaram Teerthdham, Chhasra Formation, lower Miocene (Burdigalian), 23 ° 30 ’ 10 ” N, 68 ° 52 ’ 99 ” E, elevation 91 – 93 m, 13 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC71B126478FF9587372FEE4.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, cylindrical, stems dichotomously branching. Autozooids elongate-rectangular, mostly parallel-sided, bordered by raised, smooth, thin boundaries (Fig. 14 A). Orifice subcircular, the arcuate distal margin thin, raised, the proximal edge wide and concave. Adoral area narrow, lacking tubercles. Two large longitudinally oval opesiules present near lateral walls, equal or unequal, deeply sunken. Cryptocyst sloping into opesiular region, perforated, sparsely granular (Fig. 14 B). Avicularia unknown.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC71B126478FF9587372FEE4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present species accords with T. tewarii Guha & Gopikrishna, 2004.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC6FB124478FFF1B7609FEC1.taxon	description	(Fig. 15, Table 12)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC6FB124478FFF1B7609FEC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0353 – 0361. Yellowish limestone at cliff section of Lakdi Nadi near Tera village, Chhasra Formation, lower Miocene (Burdigalian), 23 ° 22 ’ 19 ’’ N, 68 ° 58 ’ 10 ’’ E, elevation 52 – 56 m, 15 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC6FB124478FFF1B7609FEC1.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, bilaminar. Autozooids rectangular, parallel-sided or lateral margins weakly convex, bordered by thick, smooth, distinct boundaries (Fig. 15 A). Orifice subrounded, the arcuate distal rim raised more than the concave proximal margin. Adoral areas narrow with no tubercles. Two opesiules adjacent to lateral walls proximal to orifice, large, rounded, mostly unequal and deeply sunken. Cryptocyst gently sloping in opesiular region, smooth, coarsely perforated (Fig. 15 B, C). Avicularia at bifurcation of rows, variably penknife-shaped, longer than autozooids, with subacute rostrum; foramen elongate-oval, about half of avicularian length, pivots often present, cryptocyst fairly well developed proximally, sunken below autozooidal rim, smooth. Avicularium and sibling autozooid torqued toward each other (Fig. 15 C). Ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC6FB124478FFF1B7609FEC1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present material shows intracolony variation of the avicularian rostral tips, which are sometimes subacute and others rounded, but it otherwise accords with T. vinjhanensis. The species has some similarity to Thalamoporella longirostrata Maplestone, 1900 (see Soule et al. 1992, p. 53, figs 73, 74; and SEM photo, MOV P 10126 from Muddy Creek, Victoria on bryozoa. net), but avicularia of T. longirostrata lack pointed pivots and are not torqued.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC6CB125478FFA017392FE9D.taxon	description	(Fig. 17, Table 14)	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC6CB125478FFA017392FE9D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GIS / B 0363 – 0368. Gypseous shales Harudi, Harudi Formation, middle Eocene (Lutetian), 23 ° 31 ’ 25 ” N, 68 ° 41 ’ 07 ” E, elevation 6 m, 12 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi. GIS / B 0369 – 0373. Fulra argillaceous clay section, southern flank of Babia hill, about 1.7 km of Fulra village, upper Eocene (Priabonian), 23 ° 42 ’ 30 ” N, 68 ° 47 ’ 12 ” E, elevation 19 m, 17 January 2011, DST project, New Delhi.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC6CB125478FFA017392FE9D.taxon	description	Description. Colony erect, multiserial, stems dichotomously branching. Autozooids arranged quincuncially, small, roundly subhexagonal with convex lateral margins, these well developed, thick, raised and granular (Fig. 17 A, D). Orifice-opesia proportionally large, c. 30 % of zooid length, transversely D-shaped with rounded lateral margins; arcuate distal margin raised, proximal margin straight (Fig. 17 B, E). Opesiules large, longitudinally elongate and somewhat bean-shaped, unequal in size, one comprising c. 50 % of zooid length, the other shorter (Fig. 17 E). Cryptocyst depressed, smooth, imperforate (Fig. 17 B). Avicularia and ovicells not observed.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
03D287EDEC6CB125478FFA017392FE9D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Guha & Gopikrishna (2004, p. 14, figs 8 – 10) placed this species in Thalamoporella. However, its slit-like, unequal opesiules, short autozooids and absence of avicularia are exceptional characters that distinguish it from all other species of the genus. Considering these characters, it is conceivable that it belongs to Reniporella. It resembles Reniporella gordoni Guha & Gopikrishna, 2004 in having semicircular opesia, smooth depressed cryptocyst, and large kidney-shaped opesiules. The placement of Reniporella in Steginoporellidae seems doubtful. Given the position of the opesiules, Reniporella is here re-assigned to Thalamoporellidae.	en	Sonar, Mohan A., Pawar, Ravi V., Wayal, Dyaneshwar V. (2022): Fossil Thalamoporellidae (Bryozoa) from Paleogene-Neogene sediments of western Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Zootaxa 5104 (2): 251-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.5
