taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D2FB250D6316397920F97EFE7AE5DC.taxon	discussion	Aloe canis was discovered by one of us (TPC-B) in the 1970 s on the northern slopes of the Senga Hills near Senga at the shore of Lake Malawi (Salima District, Central Province; Figure 1: 1 a). He collected two living plants that were at first thought to represent A. cameronii and observed two further plants on fairly level rocky ground somewhat inland from Domira Bay northwest of Senga (Figure 1: 1 b), and a single further plant adjacent to a small, dry, seasonal riverbed on a slope of the Ntchisi Hills (Figure 1: 1 c). The identity of plants observed at a distance with a pair of standard binoculars on the escarpment of the Angoni highlands remains uncertain (Campbell-Barker, 2012: 21 – 22). Campbell-Barker cultivated the two living plants for many years in Blantyre (the largest city in Malawi; Figures 2 & 3). After his return to England, the plants came into the possession of Reverend Stewart Lane at Limbe, Malawi, who noted their distinctness and described the taxon as a new species A. canis (as “ A. canii ”), the epithet alluding to Campbell-Barker (Latin canis = dog; Lane, 2001; Lane et al., 2003). When Lane left Malawi, one A. canis plant remained in the private garden of Ms Ruth Mthawanji, in Newlands, Blantyre, Malawi, and 50 seeds were distributed to a grower in South Africa which did not germinate and were likely of hybrid origin (G. Hayes, personal communication by e-mail on 16 June 2015 and on 17 January 2020 to one of us (JT )). The plant in the domestic garden of Mthawanji is still in cultivation (S. Lane, personal communication by e-mail on 10 January 2020 to one of us (GFS )), which was confirmed by Mthawanji (personal communication by e-mail on 16 January 2020 to one of us (GFS )). Mthawanji noted that the plant was indeed given to her by Reverend Lane some 20 years ago (i. e., ca. early- 2000 s) and that it has flowered regularly (Figures 4 & 5) but has not produced fertile seed so far, likely because the species is self-sterile, as are most aloes and their generic kin. The plant does not produce suckers and it has not been possible to propagate it vegetatively. Lane (personal communication by e-mail on 16 January 2020 to one of us (GFS )) notes that Mthawanji’s propagation experience with A. canis is congruent with what he found, i. e., that the specimen he gave to Mthawanji, and likely the species in general, does not produce suckers and no or almost no viable seed, at least when not cross fertilised. His only success at propagating the species was by cutting the stem off, which resulted in the development of a few sprouts at the cut. The stem height, given by Lane (2001) as up to 2.5 m, should be corrected to about 1.5 m (Campbell-Barker, 2012: 25). In habitat, it appeared that some of the single-stemmed plants had wounds on the stem indicating that offsets may have been removed (Campbell-Barker, 2012: 21). The distribution area of A. canis in Malawi has been virtually denuded of all plants of Aloe (Lane, 2004: 38); these were collected for various uses by the local inhabitants, especially as an ineffective treatment of AIDS by traditional healers (“ singangas ” in the local language; Campbell-Barker, 2012: 26). One of us (JT) explored the westernmost of the Senga Hills on 20 April 1991, but did not find any plants of Aloe (Thiede, 1993: 31; Thiede & Campbell-Barker, 2015: 29). All attempts by several people to relocate the species failed and it is thought to now be extinct in the wild in Malawi (Lane, 2004: 38 – 39). Recently what appears to be the same species has been found in Mozambique just across Lake Malawi from its [possibly] former location in Malawi (S. Lane, personal communication by e-mail on 10 January 2020 to one of us (GFS )). Aloe canis was first considered to be a variant of A. cameronii, which it resembles, but it is generally larger, usually single-stemmed, and has denser rosettes with a few scattered maculations on both leaf surfaces near the leaf base (Carter et al., 2011: 637); it might well have arisen as a spontaneous natural hybrid [or allopolyploid; JT] involving A. cameronii and a second species (Hayes, 2015). The type of the name Aloe canis, Lane 1, is recorded as deposited at Herb. MAL (holotype) and Herb. PRE (isotype). Neither of these specimens is available for examination online.	en	Thiede, Joachim, Campbell-Barker, Theo Peter, Hargreaves, Bruce J., Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2020): Notes on three aloes of Malawi: Aloe cam's, A. lateritia, and A. suffulta (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae). Bradleya 38: 247-253, DOI: 10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a23, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8fe3b13d-ffa9-34d8-a569-ada13d0ae5ad/
03D2FB250D61163F7920F9C7FE02E23A.taxon	discussion	Aloe lateritia var. lateritia, as presently circumscribed, is a maculate aloe documented by specimens from grasslands or rocky places in southern Kenya and Tanzania. Aloe lateritia var. graminicola (Reynolds) S. Carter is known from Kenya only (Carter, 1994: 15 – 17, pl. 1; Carter et al., 2011: 179 – 180). Alarmingly, for Malawi Msekandiana & Mlangeni (2002: 34) recorded Aloe lateritia as CR B 1 B 2 cD, i. e., ‘ Critically Endangered’ with a ‘ Small distribution and Decline or Fluctuation’ evidently based on ‘ severely fragmented’ locations or ‘ known to exist at one or fewer locations’ and ‘ continuing [to] decline’ in its ‘ area, extent and / or quality of habitat’ with fewer than 50 ‘ mature individuals’. One of us (BJH) found Aloe lateritia var. lateritia in northernmost Malawi in 1967 at Ipenza Village near Songwe River which forms the border between Malawi and Tanzania (in Chitipa District, Northern Province; Figure 1: 2), and revisited the locality together with Roger Royle in July 1968 (Hargreaves, 1975: 92 and Figures 4 – 8, two of these are reproduced here as Figures 6 & 7; Whellan, 1975: 111). Philip Downs (†) discovered a further locality in September 1991 along the track parallel to the Songwe River between the Ipenza and Chiwanga villages on the hills to the left (southern) side of the track (Thiede et al., 2009: 228; Figure 1: 2). Specimens were not preserved. Since the two localities are imprecisely given as “ beyond Chitipa ” (Whellan, 1975: 111), “ near the Songwe River ” (Lane, 2004: 27), or “ south of the Songwe River ” (Klopper et al., 2012: 87), more exact locality information is provided here to enable the collection of preserved specimens for deposition in a herbarium. As preserved specimens were not prepared, the specimen-based treatments of Aloe for the Flora of Tropical East Africa (Carter, 1994: 15 – 17) and Flora zambesiaca projects (Carter, 2001) omitted the record of Aloe lateritia var. lateritia from Malawi. In contrast, the ‘ Plants of the World Online’ database (POWO, 2019) lists “ N. Malawi ” as its native range. Lane (2004: 27) and Klopper et al. (2012: 87) suggest that the plants of A. lateritia that occur near Ipenza may have been brought to Malawi by humans travelling back and forth between Malawi and Tanzania. However, the photographs of Hargreaves (1975: Fig. 4 – 8, two of these are reproduced here as Figures 6 & 7) show plants apparently growing naturally amongst undisturbed grasses, and the locality found by Downs is beyond villages. In the protologue of the name Aloe lateritia, Engler (1895: 140 – 141) cited a single collection “ ([TANZANIA, Moshi distr.,] Rombo ― Volk. [- ens] n. 404) ― An sandigen und steinigen Abhängen, an Felsvorsprüngen um 1400 ― 1500 m ”. [English: On sandy and stony slopes, on rock spurs around 1400 – 1500 m].	en	Thiede, Joachim, Campbell-Barker, Theo Peter, Hargreaves, Bruce J., Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2020): Notes on three aloes of Malawi: Aloe cam's, A. lateritia, and A. suffulta (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae). Bradleya 38: 247-253, DOI: 10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a23, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8fe3b13d-ffa9-34d8-a569-ada13d0ae5ad/
03D2FB250D61163F7920F9C7FE02E23A.taxon	materials_examined	Two specimens are available for examination online. The holotype, cited by Reynolds (1966: 95, as “ type ” and on p. 96 as “ holotype ”) and by Carter (1994: 15, as “ holo. ”) is kept at Herb. B, Volkens 404 (B barcode B 10 0165570, digital image! at https: // herbarium. bgbm. org / object / B 100165570); a photograph of this specimen is at Herb. K (K 000210270, at https: // apps. kew. org / herbcat / detailsQuery. do? imageId = & pageCode = 1 & present- Page = 1 & queryId = 1 & sessionId = 8 F 9279 D 2 F 48866 A 08 BE 26 C 47902 AC 9 DC & barcode = K 000210270). An isotype exists at Herb. BM Volkens 404 (BM barcode BM 000911694, digital image! at https: // plants. jstor. org / stable / 10.5555 / al. ap. specimen. bm 000911694? searchUri = filter % 3 Dfree _ text % 26 so % 3 Dps _ group _ by _ genus _ species % 2 Basc % 26 Query % 3 DBM 000911694 % 26 loggedin % 3 Dtrue).	en	Thiede, Joachim, Campbell-Barker, Theo Peter, Hargreaves, Bruce J., Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2020): Notes on three aloes of Malawi: Aloe cam's, A. lateritia, and A. suffulta (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae). Bradleya 38: 247-253, DOI: 10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a23, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8fe3b13d-ffa9-34d8-a569-ada13d0ae5ad/
03D2FB250D61163F7920F9C7FE02E23A.taxon	discussion	The holotype, i. e., the Herb. B specimen, was dated as having been collected on 13 June 1893 [“ 13.6.93 ”], while the isotype, i. e., the Herb. BM specimen, carries the date “ Juni [June] 1893 ”, with the exact day on which it was collected therefore omitted. However, since a black-and-white image of the more precisely dated holotype is affixed to the BM specimen, albeit with some plant fragments removed, we interpret the BM specimen as an isotype and not as a different gathering (Turland et al., 2018: 16, Art. 8.2 Footnote).	en	Thiede, Joachim, Campbell-Barker, Theo Peter, Hargreaves, Bruce J., Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2020): Notes on three aloes of Malawi: Aloe cam's, A. lateritia, and A. suffulta (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae). Bradleya 38: 247-253, DOI: 10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a23, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8fe3b13d-ffa9-34d8-a569-ada13d0ae5ad/
03D2FB250D67163F7920FDFDFC5CE0C2.taxon	discussion	Aloe suffulta is a short-stemmed maculate Aloe unique in the genus by its long inflorescences climbing up to 2.5 m in supporting bushes. It is documented with specimens from northeastern South Africa (northern KwaZulu-Natal), western and southern Mozambique, and southeastern Zimbabwe where it occurs in shady conditions under bushes on river banks, commonly in alluvial sandy soils subject to flooding after heavy rains, and with high summer temperatures of up to 45 ° C (Reynolds, 1937; Reynolds, 1950: 343 – 345; Jeppe, 1969: 103; Plowes, 1972: 39, ill. p. 56; Archibald, 1974: 98, ill. p. 96; West, 1974: 63, ill. plates 14 d & 15 b; Percy-Lancaster, 1976; Kimberley, 1992: plates 14 d & 15 b; Glen & Hardy, 2000: 89, 91; Smith & Crouch, 2001: 19; Carter, 2001: 48; Court, 2010: 246, 250; Carter et al., 2011: 509; Van Wyk & Smith, 2014: 268 – 269). The first and as yet sole record of Aloe suffulta from Malawi was made by Campbell-Barker in the 1970 s in southern Malawi, northwest of Nsanje “ within 25 miles of the Boma ”, growing sparsely in sandy soil on a high river bank of a seasonal stream. He prepared a habitat sketch (Figure 8) and brought two plants into cultivation, neither of which thrived, but documented one of them with a habit sketch (Figure 9; published earlier in Smith & Crouch, 2001: 21 and in Lane, 2004: 45). These two drawings (Figures 8 & 9) are the sole permanent record of Campbell-Barker’s find. The Aloe suffulta record was published much later (Campbell-Barker, 1998: 9) and adopted by Msekandiana & Mlangeni (2002: 34), Lane (2004: 44 – 45), and Klopper et al. (2012: 89 – 91), but omitted from the specimen-based Flora zambesiaca aloe treatment of Carter (2001) due to the lack of preserved material. Lane (2004: 44) gives the locality as “ about 20 km north of Nsanje ”, but it is actually about 20 – 25 km northwest of Nsanje in what is now the Mwabvi Wildlife Reserve (Nsanje District, Southern Province; Figure 1: 3), and plants should be sought on river banks along the Mwabvi River.	en	Thiede, Joachim, Campbell-Barker, Theo Peter, Hargreaves, Bruce J., Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2020): Notes on three aloes of Malawi: Aloe cam's, A. lateritia, and A. suffulta (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae). Bradleya 38: 247-253, DOI: 10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a23, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8fe3b13d-ffa9-34d8-a569-ada13d0ae5ad/
03D2FB250D67163F7920FDFDFC5CE0C2.taxon	materials_examined	The type of Aloe suffulta is a collection of G. W. Reynolds from Mozambique, with the number 2457. The holotype is at Herb. PRE, consisting of two sheets (PRE 0683983 - 1 and PRE 0683983 - 2). Several isotypes exist elsewhere.	en	Thiede, Joachim, Campbell-Barker, Theo Peter, Hargreaves, Bruce J., Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2020): Notes on three aloes of Malawi: Aloe cam's, A. lateritia, and A. suffulta (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae). Bradleya 38: 247-253, DOI: 10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a23, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8fe3b13d-ffa9-34d8-a569-ada13d0ae5ad/
