taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D387AC711C8744FE35FA50FD70FA2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Selenops pusillus Simon, 1887. Diagnosis: The revision of a considerable number of specimens of this genus makes it possible for us to add new diagnostic characters to those already proposed by Benoit (1968). This genus can be distinguished from other selenopids by the presence of iridescent rounded or sub-triangular scale-like hairs covering the entire body below short setae; prosoma wider than long; AME> PME to nearly double in some species (Fig. 1 E); ALE similar or larger than PME; PLE almost 1.5 × larger than the AME and sternum longer than wide, not circular (Fig. 2 C). Fe I – III with d 1.1.0 spines, tibiae and metatarsi with ventral spines that can be paired or not. When paired, with Tib I – II with v 2.2.2 or v 2.2.1 and Mt I – II with v 2.2.0 (Fig. 1 M); when unpaired, Tib I-II with 9 (4 proventral and 5 retroventral), 10 (4 - 6) or 11 (4 - 7) ventral spines (Fig. 1 N), and Mt I-II with v 2.2.2, in few cases v 2.2.0 paired spines. Males usually with more spines than females. Second SDLU RI OHJV ORQJHU WKDQ IRXUWK; ¿ UVW XVXDOO \ VKRUWHVW. & KHOLFHUDH ZLWK ³ RU 4 SURODWHUDO and 2 – 4 retrolateral teeth on cheliceral furrow, uncommonly 3 or 2 teeth. Palp of male with a large and twisted (Fig. 2 G), or short and curved, sclerotized RTA (Figs 3 B, 4 C); embolus long and slender; broad, thickly sclerotized and hyper-developed sickle-shaped conductor, with sharp or hooked terminal ends, and single and large MA, surrounded by broad-based PMA (Figs 2 H, 3 D, 4 D). Epigyne of female with MF as a plate (Fig. 2 E), in some cases as a shallow mesial depression (Fig. 4 E), with distinct and usually cordiform-shaped lateral lobes, broadly separated (Figs 2 E, 4 E) or near to posterior midline (Figs 3 F, 5 D); epigyne with shallow secondary epigynal pockets (Fig. 2 E) and complex spermathecae. Posterior median spinnerets with three major ampullate spigots and posterior lateral spinnerets with two (Fig. 1 F). Comparison: Hovops can be distinguished from other genera of Selenopidae by the presence of iridescent scale-like hairs covering the entire body (Fig. 5 C); the presence of AME> PME (Figs 1 A – E); the particular formula of the spines on the femur, anterior tibiae and metatarsi (Figs 1 G – N); the oval sternum (Fig. 2 C); and the number of major ampullate spigots on the spinnerets. The males of Hovops share with those of Selenops, Garcorops and Siamspinops WKH SUHVHQFH RI D ORQJ DQG ¿ OLIRUP HPEROXV FRYHULQJ DOPRVW RQH WXUQ RI WKH EXOE, EXW differ from them by the shape of the conductor and the MA (Figs 2 H, 3 B, 4 D). The presence of a PMA (Fig. 2 H) is shared with some species of Anyphops and Garcorops, but in Hovops this is smaller, sub-circular, high and sclerotized. The presence of a welldeveloped dorsal cymbial scopulae (Fig. 2 G) is shared with some species of Anyphops, while the presence of a basal cymbial concavity (Fig. 2 H) is observed not only in that genus, but also in Garcorops. The general shape of the female epigyne, usually as a medial sclerite with distinguishable lateral lobes, is shared with Selenops females, and some species of Garcorops and Anyphops. The presence of secondary epigynal pockets (Fig. 2 E) is a character that also appears in females of Siamspinops and Selenops, but in Hovops they are generally in the middle portion of the epigyne as in Siamspinops. The presence of anterior copulatory openings (Fig. 2 E) is shared with Garcorops, and some species of Selenops and Anyphops, but the shape of the long, wide and usually well developed copulatory ducts (Fig. 2 F) is characteristic of Hovops females.	en	Corronca, José Antonio, Rodríguez Artigas, Sandra M. (2011): New species of the Madagascan genus Hovops Benoit, 1968 (Araneae: Selenopidae), with a description of the H. madagascariensis PDOH DQG DQ LGHQWL ¿ FDWLRQ NH \. African Invertebrates 52 (2): 295, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0206, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0206
03D387AC711A8746FDDBFA31FD54FA22.taxon	description	Fig. 2 (W \ PRORJ \: 7 KH VSHFL ¿ F QDPH LV GHGLFDWHG WR WKH % HWVLOHR HWKQLF JURXS OLYLQJ LQ WKH high mountains of Madagascar, the third largest ethnic group in numbers. The term means “ those who are not overcome ”. Diagnosis: H. betsileo sp. n. differs from its congeners by the particular shape of the sigmoid RTA (Figs 2 G, 2 H), and the VTA with a notch in the middle of the ventral border (Fig. 2 G). AM (Fig. 2 H) similar to that of H. lidiae sp. n. (Fig. 3 B), but in the latter species it is more rounded and shorter than in H. betsileo sp. n. Females are dis- WLQJXLVKHG E \ WKH VKDSH RI WKH PLGGOH ¿ HOG () LJ. ƻ (), WKH ZLGH VHSDUDWLRQ DQG WKH VKDSH of the lateral lobes of the epigyne (Fig. 2 F). Description: Male. Total body length 5.00. Prosoma 2.49 long, 2.93 wide. Opisthosoma 2.51 long, 1.89 wide. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.11, PME 0.11, PLE 0.23, AME – AME 0.20, AME – ALE 0.39, AME – PME 0.14, PME – PME 0.73, PME – PLE 0.32, PLE – PLE 1.47, ALE – ALE 1.22. Leg formula: 2314. Leg measurements: I – Fe ³. 4 o, 3 DW + 7 LE 4. Ϭo, 0 W ƻ. 9 o, 7 D l. ³ o, WRWDO lƻ. ƻo; ,, ± 4. ³ o, ƽ. ƽo, ³. Ϭo, l. Ϭo, WRWDO lƽ. oo; III – 4.10, 4.40, 2.90, 1.30, total 12.70; IV – 3.40, 4.10, 2.90, 1.30, total 11.70. Leg spination: Fe I d 1.1.0, rt 1.1.0, II d 1.1.0, pr 1.1.0, rt 1.1.0, III d 1.1.0, rt 1.1.0, IV d 1.1.0; Tib I v 1.1.0.0, II – IV no spines; Mt I – IV no spines. Prosoma pale yellow-brown with long scaly hairs. Opisthosoma and legs yellow-brown. Dorsal portion of opisthosoma pale JUH \ ZLWK FRORXU SDWWHUQ () LJ. ƻ $), ÀDQNV DQG WHUPLQDO SRUWLRQ ZKLWLVK ZLWK RYHUODSSLQJ scale-like hairs accompanied by a few short and dark setae, more numerous over prosoma. Cheliceral furrow with 4.4 teeth on right chelicerae and 3.3 on left. Palp as in Figs 2 G, 2 H. Female. Total body length 6.57. Prosoma 3.40 long, 3.49 wide. Opisthosoma 3.53 long, 2.58 wide. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.20, AME – AME 0.16, AME – ALE 0.43, AME – PME 0.15, PME – PME 0.73, PME – PLE 0.38, PLE – PLE 1.48, ALE – ALE 1.32. Leg formula: 2? 341. Leg measurements: I – Fe ³. oo, 3 DW + 7 LE ³. 8 o, 0 W l. 8 o, 7 D o. 9 o, WRWDO 9. ƽo; ,, ± PLVVLQJ, ,,, ± ³. 4 o, ³. 9 o, ƻ. lo, o. 9 o, total 10.30, IV – 3.40, 3.80, 2.10, 0.90, total 10.20. Leg spination: Fe I pr 1.0.0, d 1.1.0, II missing, III – IV d 1.1.0; Tib I v 2.2.1 (Fig. 2 D), II missing, III – IV v 1.0.0; Mt I v 2.2.0, II missing, III – IV no spines. Prosoma light reddish brown, legs and opisthosoma pale yellow-brown. Body covered with feathery and scale-like hairs with abundant short setae over prosoma and legs, less abundant over opisthosoma. Chelicera furrow with 4.4 teeth (Fig. 2 C). Habitus (Fig. 2 A), some somatic characters (Figs 2 B – D), and epigyne and vulva as in Figs 2 E, 2 F. + RORW \ SH: ƃ 0 $ ' $ * $ 6 & $ 5: Toamasina Prov.: Foulpointe, forêt sur argile, tamisage litiere, 7. xii. 1993, A. Pauly (MRAC 200.451). 3 DUDW \ SH: Ƃ VDPH GDWD DV KRORW \ SH (05 $ & ƻoo. ƻo ³). Distribution: Known only from the type locality.	en	Corronca, José Antonio, Rodríguez Artigas, Sandra M. (2011): New species of the Madagascan genus Hovops Benoit, 1968 (Araneae: Selenopidae), with a description of the H. madagascariensis PDOH DQG DQ LGHQWL ¿ FDWLRQ NH \. African Invertebrates 52 (2): 295, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0206, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0206
03D387AC71188748FDEEFA38FBDFFAEF.taxon	description	Fig. 3 Etymology: 7 KH VSHFL ¿ F QDPH LV GHGLFDWHG WR / LGLD, WKH PRWKHU RI WKH VHFRQG DXWKRU. Diagnosis: Females of H. lidiae sp. n. can be confused with females of H. merina sp. n., EXW GLIIHU E \ WKH VKDSH RI WKH PLGGOH ¿ HOG RI WKH HSLJ \ QH () LJ. ³ )), ZKLFK LV VXE ‒ FLUFXODU in H. merina sp. n. (Fig. 5 D). On the other hand, the shape of the copulatory ducts is PRUH RU OHVV VLPLODU LQ LWV WUDFNV, EXW WKHLU ¿ UVW SRUWLRQ LV GLIIHUHQW () LJ. ³ *). 7 KH FRSX ‒ latory ducts turn over the head of the spermatheca, leaving one portion without cover (Fig. 3 G), in contrast to what occurs in H. merina sp. n. (Fig. 5 E). Description: Male (holotype). Total body length 7.53. Prosoma 3.82 long, 4.51 wide. Opisthosoma 3.71 long, 2.81 wide. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.15, PME 0.16, PLE 0.26, AME – AME 0.32, AME – ALE 0.50, AME – PME 0.09, PME – PME 0.85, PME – PLE 0.45, PLE – PLE 2.06, ALE – ALE 1.72. Leg formula: 2413. Leg measurements: I – Fe 6.50, 3 DW + 7 LE 8. Ϭo, 0 W Ϭ. lo, 7 D ƻ. ³ o, WRWDO ƻ ³. ƽo, ,, ± 7.8 o, 9. ƽo, Ϭ. 7 o, ƻ. ƻo, WRWDO ƻϬ. ƻo; ,,, ± 7.20, 8.40, 5.70, 2.10, 23.40 total, IV – 7.40, 8.20, 6.20, 2.10, total 23.90. Leg spination: Fe I d 1.1.0, pr 1.0.0, II d 1.1.0, rt 1.1.0, III – IV d 1.1.0; Tib I v 2.2.2.1.1, rt 1.0.0, II v 2.2.2.2 (Fig. 3 E), rt 1.0.0, III v 2.2.0; Mt II – III v 1.0.0; Tib IV and Mt I & IV no spines. Prosoma pale red-brown with long, light, feathery hairs, and sparse small scale-like hairs. Legs pale yellow-brown. Opisthosoma yellow with light and undifferentiated grey pattern (Fig. 3 A), with overlapping scale-like hairs accompanied by few and short setae. Chelicera furrow with 3.3 teeth on right chelicera, and 3.4 on the left. Some somatic characters and palp as in Figs 3 B – E. Female (paratype). Total body length 9.09. Prosoma 4.20 long, 4.88 wide. Opisthosoma 4.89 long, 2.73 wide. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.18, PME 0.17, PLE 0.22, AME – AME 0.29, AME – ALE 0.64, AME – PME 0.16, PME – PME 0.99, PME – PLE 0.65, PLE – PLE 2.43, ALE – ALE 2.02. Leg formula: 2431. Leg measurements: I – Fe 4.70, 3 DW + 7 LE ƽ. 8 o, 0 W ³. 4 o, 7 D l. 4 o, WRWDO lƽ. ³ o, ,, ± ƽ. ƻo, Ϭ. 4 o, ³. 7 o, l. ƽo, WRWDO lϬ. 8 o; III – 5.10, 5.80, 3.50, 1.50, 15.90 total, IV – 5.20, 5.80, 3.50, 1.60, total 16.10. Leg spination: Fe I vd 1.1.0, pr 1.1.0, II – IV d 1.1.0; Tib I – II v 2.2.1, III v 1.1.0, IV no spines; Mt I – II v 2.2.0, III v 1.1.0 (prolateral row) v 0.0.0 (retrolateral row), IV no spines. Colour and other somatic characters similar to those of male. Cheliceral furrow with 3.2 teeth. Habitus, epigyne and vulva as in Figs 3 A, 3 F, 3 G. + RORW \ SH: ƃ 0 $ ' $ * $ 6 & $ 5: Fianarantsoa Prov.: Talatakely, 21 ° 14.9 ' S: 47 ° 25.6 ' E, 19 – 30. iv. 1998, N. Penny, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, M. Raherilalao, J. Ranorianarisoa, J. Schweikert & D. Ubick (CASC). 3 DUDW \ SHV: ƻƃ lƂ ƻ LPPDWXUHV, VDPH GDWD DV KRORW \ SH (& $ 6 &). Other material examined: MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa Prov.: lƃ 5 DQRPDIDQD 1.3., ƻl ° lƻ‵ 6: 47 ° ƻ 7 ‵ (, Y. l 99 ƻ, 9. & %. 5 RWK, 6 .. DULNR (& $ 6 &); lƃ 7 DODWDNHO \, ƻl ° l 4.9 ‵ 6: 47 ° ƻƽ. Ϭ‵ (, DW QLJKW, l 9 ± ³ o. LY. l 998, &. Griswold et al. (CASC). Remark: The male holotype corresponds to the largest specimens of the type series.	en	Corronca, José Antonio, Rodríguez Artigas, Sandra M. (2011): New species of the Madagascan genus Hovops Benoit, 1968 (Araneae: Selenopidae), with a description of the H. madagascariensis PDOH DQG DQ LGHQWL ¿ FDWLRQ NH \. African Invertebrates 52 (2): 295, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0206, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0206
03D387AC7116874AFE66FA40FD3CFAE3.taxon	description	Fig. 4 Selenops madagascariensis: 9 LQVRQ l 8 Ϭ ³: ³ o ³, SO. ³, ¿ J. ³. (7 \ SH ORFDOLW \: 0 DGDJDVFDU. 7 \ SH PDWHULDO GH ‒ posited in Museum of Lübeck, Germany, lost.) Hovops madagascariensis: Benoit 1968: 117. Diagnosis: Males of H. madagascariensis are distinguished from other species by the particular shape of the RTA (Fig. 4 C), the short AM with wider base (Fig. 4 D), and the end of the conductor very sclerotized, pointed and curved (Figs 4 C, 4 D). Females are characterized by the shape of the epigyne, with widely separated lateral lobes in the DQWHULRU SRUWLRQ () LJ. 4 (), DQG WKH PLGGOH ¿ HOG RI WKH HSLJ \ QH EHLQJ D VPRRWK FDYLW \; WKH anterior copulatory openings; and the complex and multilobulated spermathecae (Fig. 4 F). Description: Male (MRAC 208.445). Total body length 13.41. Prosoma 5.71 long, 6.26 wide. Opisthosoma 7.70 long, 4.73 wide. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.21, PME 0.20, PLE 0.34, AME – AME 0.37, AME – ALE 0.79, AME – PME 0.19, PME – PME 1.21, PME – PLE 0.73, PLE – PLE 2.93, ALE – ALE 2.45. Leg formula: 2431. Leg measurements: I – Fe 6.90, 3 DW + 7 LE 9. ƽo, 0 W Ϭ. ƽo, 7 D ƻ. 4 o, WRWDO ƻƽ. ³ o, ,, ± 8. ƽo, lo. 4 o, 7. ƽo, ƻ. ƽo WRWDO ƻ 8.9 o; III – 8.20, 9.80, 6.70, 2.20, 26.90 total, IV – 8.20, 9.70, 7.30, 2.30, total 27.50. Leg spination: Fe I d 1.1.0, pr 1.0.0, rt 1.1.1, II d 1.1.1, pr 1.1.1, rt 1.1.1, III d 1.1.1, pr 1.1.0, rt 1.1.1, IV d 1.1.0, pr 1.1.0, rt 1.1.1; Tib I – II d 0.1.0, v 2.2.2, rt 1.1.0, III pr 1.1.0, v 2.2.2, rt 1.1.0, IV pr 1.1.0, v 2.2.0, rt 1.1.0; Mt I d 1.0.0, v 2.2.0, rt 1.0.0, II pr 1.0.0, v 2.2.0, rt 1.0.0, III pr 1.0.0, v 2.2.0, rt 1.0.0, IV v 2.1.0, rt 1.0.0. Prosoma reddish brown, legs brown, opisthosoma yellowish brown with a central colour pattern with dorsal grey lines on WKH ÀDQNV. & KHOLFHUDO IXUURZ ZLWK ³. ³ WHHWK. 3 DOS DQG WLELD DQG PHWDWDUVDO VSLQDWLRQ DV in Figs 4 C, 4 D & 4 H. Female. Was described by Vinson (1863) as “ a very common species found in Madagascar, especially in human dwellings in Tananarive ”. Habitus, some somatic characters and the epigyne and vulva as in Figs 4 A, 4 B & 4 E – G. Variation: Some male specimens show a lighter colour pattern that is repeated in the sclerotization of the bulb and tibial apophysis. Material examined: MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo Prov.: lƃ ' XNH + RXVH ‒ 0 DQDNDPELKLQ \, l 7. LLL. l 99 ƻ, %. 5 RWK & 6. - .. DULNy (& $ 6 &); ƻƃ ƻƂ 5 pVHUYH 6 SpFLDOH G ¶ $ PERKLWDQWHO \,) RUpW G ¶ $ PERKLWDQWHO \, l 8 ° l ³ ‵ 6: 47 ° 17 ' E, 20.9 km 72 ° NE d’Ankazobe, 1410 m, 17 – 22. iv. 2001, montane rainforest, J. J. Rafanomezantsoa et al. (& $ 6 & ‒ -- 5 lƽƻ); ƽƂ ³ 4 LPPDWXUHV, ³ NP 4 l ° 1 ($ PERKLPDQJD, l 8 ° 44 ‵ 6: 47 ° ³ 4 ‵ (, l 4 oo P, l. [L. l 99 ³, -. & RGGLQJWRQ, -. 6 FKDUII, 6. / DUFKHU, &. * ULVZROG, 5. $ QGULDPDVLPDQDQD (& $ 6 &); lƂ 0 DQMDNDWRPSR, lƻ. LLL. l 994, KLJK IRUHVW, $. 3 DXO \ (05 $ & ƻol. 7 ƻl); lƂ 0 DQMDNDWRPSR, lƻ. LY. l 99 ƽ, 5. - RFTXp (05 $ & ƻol. 8 l ³); lƃ lƂ VXEDGXOW, $ PEDWRODPS \, [. l 998, 5. 9 DQ (VEURHFN (05 $ & ƻo 8.44 ƽ & ƻo 8.448). Fianarantsoa Prov.: 4 ƃ ƻƂ ƻ LPPDWXUHV, 3 DUF 1 DWLRQDOH 5 DQRPDIDQD, 7 DODWDNHO \, ƻl ° l 4 ‵ 6: 47 ° ƻƽ‵ (, l 9 ± ³ o. LY. l 998, N. Penny, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, M. Raherilalao, J. Ranorianarisoa, J. Schweikert & D. Ubick (CASC); lƃ 7 DODWDNHO \, ƻl ° l 4 ‵ 6: 47 ° ƻƽ‵ (, LY. l 99 ƻ, 9. 5 RWK (& $ 6 &). Distribution: Antananarivo and Fianarantsoa provinces. Note: In the examined material, we found females that match the description and drawings proposed by Vinson (1863) for this species together with males that here are described as the male of H. madagascariensis.	en	Corronca, José Antonio, Rodríguez Artigas, Sandra M. (2011): New species of the Madagascan genus Hovops Benoit, 1968 (Araneae: Selenopidae), with a description of the H. madagascariensis PDOH DQG DQ LGHQWL ¿ FDWLRQ NH \. African Invertebrates 52 (2): 295, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0206, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0206
03D387AC7114874BFDD4FA78FD32FCAA.taxon	description	Fig. 5 Etymology: The species name is dedicated to the Merina (“ people of the highlands ”) of Antananarivo. Diagnosis: Females of H. merina sp. n. differ from the other females of the genus by the SDUWLFXODU VKDSH RI WKH PLGGOH ¿ HOG, WKH ODWHUDO OREHV, WKH VHFRQGDU \ HSLJ \ QDO SRFNHWV (Fig. 5 D), and the vulva (Fig. 5 E). Description: Female. Total body length 13.24. Prosoma 5.34 long, 5.93 wide. Opisthosoma 7.90 long, 7.50 wide. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.23, ALE 0.22, PME 0.18, PLE 0.31, AME – AME 0.34, AME – ALE 0.79, AME – PME 0.23, PME – PME 1.21, PME – PLE 0.80, PLE – PLE 2.98, ALE – ALE 2.46. Leg formula: 2431. Leg measurements: I – Fe ƽ. ƻo, 3 DW + 7 LE Ϭ. 8 o, 0 W ³. Ϭo, 7 D l. ³ o, WRWDO lϬ. 9 o, ,, ± Ϭ. oo, 7.4 o, ³. 8 o, l. ³ o, WRWDO l 8. ƽo, III – 5.30, 6.60, 3.80, 1.30, total 17.00, IV – 6.00, 6.60, 3.80, 1.40, total 17.80. Leg spination: Fe I d 1.1.0, pr 1.1.0, II – IV d 1.1.0; Tib I v 2.2.1, II v 2.2.0, III v 1.2.0, IV no spines; Mt I – II v 2.2.0, III v 2.0.0, IV no spines. Prosoma reddish brown with scale-like and feathery hairs, as on legs. Legs pale red-brown, opisthosoma yellow-brown with SRRUO \ ‒ GH ¿ QHG FHQWUDO JUH \ SDWWHUQ () LJ. ƽ $), DEXQGDQW RYHUODSSLQJ VFDOH ‒ OLNH KDLUV mixed with short and dark setae covering entire body (Fig. 5 C). Cheliceral furrow with 3.2 teeth. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 5 D, 5 E. Male. Unknown. + RORW \ SH: Ƃ 0 $ ' $ * $ 6 & $ 5: Antananarivo Prov.: 3 km 41 ° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147 ° SSE Anjozorobe, 18 ° 28 ' 24 " S: 47 ° 57 ' 36 " E, 1300 m, montane rainforest, 5 – 13. xii. 2000, C. Griswold et al. (CASC ENT 9004212). Distribution: Known only from the type locality.	en	Corronca, José Antonio, Rodríguez Artigas, Sandra M. (2011): New species of the Madagascan genus Hovops Benoit, 1968 (Araneae: Selenopidae), with a description of the H. madagascariensis PDOH DQG DQ LGHQWL ¿ FDWLRQ NH \. African Invertebrates 52 (2): 295, DOI: 10.5733/afin.052.0206, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.052.0206
