taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D387FED238FFAFFE4DC810B942F938.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen from the epifauna of Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, 22 ° 219540 N 114 ° 239220 E. The scales (elytra) of Harmothoe minuta have a smooth edge, and the notochaetae have large serrations proximally and much smaller serrations distally. Wu et al. (1997) record H. minuta from the Xisha Islands, South China Sea; it had previously been recorded from the Andaman Sea, the Maldives, the Red Sea and Suez, as a commensal on crinoids (Fauvel 1953). This material represents the first record for Hong Kong. Harmothoe is a large genus, which has never been completely revised. Two other species have been recorded from Hong Kong waters. Shin (1982) records Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767) from the Tolo Harbour and Tolo Channel, Hong Kong, and this species was later recorded from southern Hong Kong waters by Ong Che et al. (1999). Wu et al. (1997) record H. imbricata from Bohai, the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The scales of H. imbricata have a small lateral fringe of papillae, and the notochaetae have an array of equal serrations along the edge. It is recorded from most of the northern hemisphere and from New Caledonia, littorally on rocky shores, sub-littorally to 230 m on varied substrata, in tubes of other polychaetes and from brackish water in estuaries (Chambers and Muir 1997). Hanley (1992, p. 363) reported Harmothoe dictyophora (Grube, 1878), which he described as ‘‘ one of the most widely distributed species in the tropical and subtropical Indo-West Pacific’ ’, from Hong Kong waters. It has a polygonal pattern and large bifurcated spines on the scales.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED23FFFA8FDE5CBE0BAB1FD4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material One adult, one juvenile from Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, station D, 28 m in from the cave mouth, depth 12.3 m. The adult specimen agrees well with the description of Iphione ovata given by Pettibone (1986); the other specimen is a juvenile which probably also belongs to this species. Pettibone (1986) records this species as widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the eastern, central and western Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Red Sea, mainly in intertidal and shallow depths, associated with coral reefs. One other species of Iphione, I. muricata (Savigny, 1818), has been reported from Hong Kong by Mak (1982) and Hanley (1992), and Wu et al. (1997) list this species from the South China Sea. The scales of I. muricata have a lateral fringe of long cylindrical spinous papillae, whereas those of I. ovata have a smooth edge. Iphione muricata is another species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific, in mainly intertidal and shallow water, associated with coral reefs (Pettibone 1986).	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED23FFFA9FE2DC841BF67FED1.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen at the entrance and four specimens at the back (station D) of Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, epifaunal samples. Wu et al. (1997) record L. carinulatus from Hainan Island, the Gulf of Beibu and the South China Sea. It has previously been recorded from Hong Kong by Hanley (1992). The neurochaetae of L. carinulatus are clearly bidentate when examined at high power. Shin (1982), Hanley (1992), Wang and Huang (1994) and Ong Che et al. (1999) all record Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Gravier, 1901) from Hong Kong. Wu et al. (1997) record this latter species from the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Taiwan Strait and South China Sea. Lepidonotus squamatus (Linnaeus, 1758), reported from Hong Kong by both Mak (1982) and Wang and Huang (1994) is recorded from the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans, littorally and sub-littorally to 2700 m, under stones and among undergrowth, and also in brackish water (Chambers and Muir 1997). Wang and Huang (1994) also report Lepidonotus cf. dentatus from Hong Kong. Lepidonotus tenuisetosus, L. squamatus and L. dentatus Okuda in Okuda & Yamada, 1954, all have unidentate neurochaetae. The only other record of the genus from Hong Kong was of an unidentified Lepidonotus species (Mak 1982). The four named species from Hong Kong waters can be separated using the following key. However, as the genus has never been completely revised, and as other species are known from surrounding areas (Huang 2001), identifications should always be checked against reliable descriptions.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED23EFFA9FE98CA31B816FD3E.taxon	materials_examined	Material Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, station A, entrance, depth 19.1 m. This species was erected for a specimen from Amoy which Monro (1934) had identified previously as Halosydnoides pilosa (Horst, 1917) (5 Halosydnopsis pilosa). The two species are keyed out by Wu et al. (1997), who give the distribution of P. hartmanae as East and South China Seas. Shin (1982) and Ong Che et al. (1999) have previously reported P. hartmanae from Hong Kong waters.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED23EFFAAFE34C859BFB8FDC2.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen, control Station Z, Long Kei Wan, off the mouth of Conic Island Cave, Hong Kong, 22 ° 229030 N 114 ° 229080 E; sediment 1 % gravel, 96 % sand, 3 % silt / clay, depth 13.7 m; water temperature 26 ° C. Two species of Sthenelais have been recorded from Hong Kong waters. Shin (1982) reported S. boa (Johnston, 1833) from the West Lamma Channel; Mackie et al. (1993) reported S. nami Gallardo, 1967, from the Tolo Channel. Wu et al. (1997) have recorded S. fusca Johnson, 1897, from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea. Unfortunately, partial revision of this genus by Pettibone (1971 a) did not consider any of these species.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED23EFFAAFE34C859BFB8FDC2.taxon	description	The three Hong Kong species can be separated using the following key. However, as the genus has never been completely revised, identifications should always be checked against reliable descriptions.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED23DFFAAFE46C988B977FBB7.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen, Kei Chau (Steep Island) Cave, station B, 22 ° 169240 N 114 ° 189490 E; depth 11.1 m, sediment 14 % gravel, 80 % sand, 6 % silt / clay. This specimen agrees well with the description by Watson Russell (1998) of her species recorded from the warm waters of Indonesia, Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and the Marshall Islands, in coral habitats and more turbid waters in bays and harbours. The Hong Kong specimen was found in the same sample as the headless chrysopetalid specimen mentioned below, but is obviously different, being shorter and white.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED23DFFAAFE10CF12BF0DFAB2.taxon	materials_examined	Material Epifauna at the back of Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave. Wu et al. (1997) record this species from the Xisha Islands, South China Sea. It has previously been recorded from Hong Kong by Ong Che et al. (1999).	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED23DFFA4FDD4CE12BFB8FCF1.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen, Kei Chau (Steep Island) Cave, station B, at a depth of 11.1 m. This specimen has a long body covered in flattened paleae, which are darker and wider than those of Chrysopetalum ehlersi (see above). It agrees well with the generic definition of Bhawania in Fauchald (1977), but unfortunately the head is missing. As 12 genera are now recognised (as opposed to the four known to Fauchald 1977) and as the structure of the anterior end is necessary for their identification, this specimen is only identified to family level here. A key is provided below for the identification of the chrysopetalid genera of the world and two species which do not fit into a currently recognised genus. It is based on the key in (and uses characters defined in) Perkins (1985), with the new genera published since that date added. Note 1. Vigtorniella Kiseleva, 1996, is the replacement name for Victoriella Kisseleva, 1992 (which is preoccupied). The characters used in the key for this genus (which was published in Russian) were taken from Dahlgren (1996). Note 2. Strepternos Watson Russell in Bhaud and Cazaux (1987) was more fully described by Watson Russell (1991). 1. Notopodia of middle segments with paleae, or with paleae and at least one spine ............................................. 4 - Notopodia of middle segments with spines only .................. 2 2. Compound neurochaetae with unidentate blades; appendage absent on posterior rim of mouth (ventral cirri of segment 1 may approach each other to form analogous structures) .......................... 3 - Compound neurochaetae with bidentate blades; appendage present on posterior rim of mouth .... ‘‘ Chrysopetalum ’’ caecum Langerhans, 1880 3. Median antenna present; single pygidial projection present ......................................... Dysponetus Levinsen, 1879 - Median antenna absent; paired pygidial cirri present ............................................. Vigtorniella Kiseleva, 1996 4. Lateral and midline groups of notochaetae of middle segments consisting of spines only ................. Hyalopale Perkins, 1985 - Lateral and midline groups of notochaetae of middle segments consisting of paleae or paleae and at least one spine ............... 5 - Midline group notochaetae absent, lateral group paleae present ..... 11 5. Four pairs of cirri on the first two segments. Chrysopetalum Ehlers, 1864 - Three pairs of cirri on the first two segments .................... 6 6. Middle group paleae of middle segments produced in fan-shaped groups from one or two developmental centres ........................ 7 - Middle group paleae of middle segments produced separately, forming broad imbricate row ..................................... 9 7. Caruncle distinct; middle group paleae of middle segments produced from two developmental centres in fan-shaped rows, one behind the other; compound neurochaetae of middle segments with spinigerous blades .................. ‘‘ Paleanotus ’’ schmardai Mileikovsky, 1962 - Caruncle absent or greatly reduced; middle group paleae of middle segments produced in single fan-shaped, imbricate row from single developmental centre; compound neurochaetae of middle segments with falcigerous blades ....................................... 8 8. Caruncle absent; middle group paleae of middle segments nearly symmetrical, with symmetrical tips .......... Treptopale Perkins, 1985 - Caruncle / nuchal fold, if present, reduced to flattened structure; middle group paleae of middle segments distinctly asymmetrical, with margins convex laterally and concave medially ...... Paleanotus Schmarda, 1861 9. Caruncle / nuchal fold and mouth cover present; up to 55 segments; dorsal cirri not retractile within cirrophores; midline group paleae of middle segments very stout; most lateral group paleae similar to middle group paleae but curved oppositely; paleae silver to gold ...................................... Arichlidon Watson Russell, 1998 - Caruncle and mouth cover absent; adults with over 100 segments; dorsal cirri retractile within cirrophores; midline group paleae of middle segments broad but thin; lateral group paleae distinctly different from middle group paleae; paleae golden-brown ..................... 10 10. Adults with a maximum of 127 segments; paleae with erosive tips; comparatively discrete, semicircular, glandular nuchal fold ..................................... Paleaequor Watson Russell, 1986 - Adults with a maximum of more than 300 segments; paleae without erosive tips; thick, fleshy, projecting nuchal ridge ................................................ Bhawania Schmarda, 1861 11. Segment 2 with two pairs of tentacular cirri and notochaetae; mid-body compound falcigerous neurochaetae with bifid tips ............... 12 - Segment 2 with dorsal cirri (ventral cirri absent), notochaetae and neurochaetae; mid-body compound falcigerous neurochaetae with thick unidentate tips. Strepternos Watson Russell in Bhaud and Cazaux (1987) 12. Middle group notochaetae broad symmetrical paleae in one row; palps ovoid with distal filiform process ......... Thrausmatos Watson, 2001 - Middle group notochaetae slender, curved, with spines, originating from discrete anterior and posterior rows; palps cylindrical, very elongate ............................... Acanthopale San Martín, 1986	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED233FFA6FE14C897BFACFA30.taxon	description	(Figure 1) Material Holotype (Registration No. NHM. 2003. 1081) mature, containing eggs, Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, Hong Kong, 22 ° 219540 N 114 ° 239220 E; sample C 2, sediment 18 % gravel, 25 % sand, 57 % silt / clay, depth 15 m, water temperature 22 ° C. Coll. N. J. Evans and P. F. Clark, 21 October 2002. Paratypes: 1 further specimen from sample C 2, 1 specimen, Conic Island sample C 5 (NHM. 2003.1082 – 1083) (data as holotype). Description Holotype, 22.81 mm long for 122 chaetigers, greatest width 1.5 mm; mature paratype from C 5, 17.25 mm for 126 chaetigers. Greatest width around chaetigers 10 to 15. Prostomium, peristomium and anterior 2 to 4 chaetigers pale to white; remainder of body brown to reddish brown. Integument generally smooth; evidence of segmentation more obvious in posterior chaetigers. Prostomium (Figures 1 A, B) truncate, slightly indented anteriorly at insertion of palps. Palps short, biarticulate; palpodes rounded, fused dorsally. Three antennae, median antenna 1.75 times length of lateral antennae. Eyes absent. Pharynx without jaws but with eight conspicuous rounded papillae. Peristomium twice as long as first chaetiger. Two pairs of tapering tentacular cirri both longer than lateral antennae, dorsal cirri longer than ventral. Pygidium (Figure 1 C) rounded, with two long cirri, 0.85 times length of median antenna; anus ventrodistal. Parapodia (Figure 1 D) biramous, lateral. Notopodia with straight, blunt-tipped internal acicula. Dorsal cirrus of chaetiger 1 longest, longer than median antenna; subsequent dorsal cirri shorter (on average 0.6 of median antenna, 2.5 times length of neuropodium), those of chaetigers 2 to 4 shorter than subsequent cirri. Large hooks emergent from between chaetiger 3 to 5 and the last chaetiger, with two papillae adjacent to point of emergence but no other chaetae. Neuropodia pointed, with aciculum tapering to a point. Ventral cirri absent on second chaetigers, otherwise present, tapering, shorter than dorsal cirri. Neurochaetae (Figures 1 D, E) 12 or 13 chaetae dorsal of aciculum, including slender, curved, serrate capillaries, their serrations low and rounded, otherwise simple capillary chaetae; 20 to 30 simple capillaries ventral of aciculum; pair of distinct pectinate chaetae distal on neuropodium, each with 14 to 17 ‘‘ teeth’ ’ and naked slender distal extension. Etymology Named for a parrot which was an integral part of the field and laboratory team in Hong Kong. Remarks The familial association of the genus Sigambra is discussed by Paterson and Glover (2000). With their description of the abyssal species Sigambra magnuncus, there are 17 species of Sigambra previously described. Sigambra magnuncus differs from the present species in many ways, notably in having notochaetae adjacent to the hooks. The remaining 16 described species of the genus are reviewed by Licher and Westheide (1997), who present a key to the genus.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED231FFA7FE2ACE90B9EDFED0.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen, Telegraph Bay, sample no. 7, Cape d’Aguilar, Hong Kong. 22 ° 129200 N 114 ° 159100 E; sediment 6 % gravel, 63 % sand, 31 % silt / clay, depth 9 m, water temperature 26 ° C (NHM. 2003.1080). This is one of two species of Sigambra which have already been recorded from Hong Kong waters (e. g. Shin and Thompson 1982). It has 14 pharyngeal papillae, a notopodial capillary seta on mid-body to posterior chaetigers and is without notopodial hooks on the anterior 29 or so chaetigers. The substratum in Telegraph Bay was sandier than that in Conic Island Cave.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED230FFA7FE80CA30BAF8FB21.taxon	materials_examined	Material Six specimens, station Q, Hoi Ha Wan, Hong Kong, 22 ° 23947.20 N 114 ° 20908.740 E sediment 7 % gravel, 19 % sand, 74 % silt / clay, depth 16 m, water temperature 25 ° C. (NHM 2003.1074 – 1079). This species of Sigambra was recorded from Hong Kong waters by Shin and Thompson (1982); it also has 14 pharyngeal papillae and a notopodial capillary seta on mid-body to posterior chaetigers. While having notopodial hooks starting about chaetigers 4 to 8, it is without neuropodial pectinate chaetae. These Hong Kong specimens are comparatively small for this species: three were measured at 3.28 mm for 41 chaetigers; 4.45 mm for 43 chaetigers; 5.11 mm for 49 chaetigers. It is most unlikely that all of the material attributed to S. tentaculata is of the same species. Shin et al. (2003) record Sigambra hanaokai (Kitamori, 1960) from the seabed around much of Hong Kong; however, Licher and Westheide (1997) discussed the distinction of this, amongst other, species and concluded that the characters described to distinguish S. hanaokai from S. tentaculata are not valid, and synonymized these species. Equally, it seems untenable that the material described as S. hanaokai from Vietnam, the Yellow Sea, the South China Sea and Japan is the same species as that from the northwest Atlantic (the type locality of S. tentaculata), let alone the material from the south Atlantic, the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. Until more rigorous work, perhaps including molecular analyses, is undertaken on these taxa, it is considered that at present the material attributed to S. tentaculata should be considered an aggregate of sibling species.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED230FFA0FE62CE5AB821FC6F.taxon	materials_examined	Material One anterior fragment, Fang Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave station A. This anterior fragment of 40 chaetigers has yellow pigment on the prostomium, the tentaculophores and the right palp. There are grey dots on the tentacles, antennae, parapodia and dorsolaterally on the anterior body, which is otherwise unpigmented. Long thin nephridial papillae are present. The anterior pair of eyes are far apart and near the posterior margin of the prostomium. Paragnaths are present on both maxillary rings: I 5 an axially aligned group of 16; II 5 about 22; III 5 an axially aligned group of about 30; IV 529 – 30; V – VIII 5 a wide continuous band of paragnaths of all sizes. The notopodial chaetae on this anterior fragment are homogomph spinigers. The neuropodial chaetae are one homogomph spiniger and one heterogomph falciger above the acicula and one heterogomph falciger and one homogomph spiniger below the acicula on each neuropodium. According to the identification key of Fauchald (1977), this specimen is either in Nereis or Neanthes, but cannot be identified further as it is not known what chaetae were present posteriorly. Neanthes and Nereis are both large genera (50 and 134 species respectively, according to Fauchald [1977], but more species have been described since) which have not been revised, and there is no key to all the species. None of the 33 relevant taxa in Huang (2001) recorded from Chinese waters has as many paragnaths in areas I and III as this fragment displays. Paxton and Chou (2000) collate polychaete names from literature concerning all the countries surrounding the South China Sea, including four species of Neanthes not listed by Huang (2001). Of these, Neanthes arenaceodentata (Moore, 1903), previously reported by Gallardo (1967) from off Vietnam, has a similar paragnath complement to the present specimen.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED237FFA1FD98CF74B9D1FE0D.taxon	materials_examined	Material Two specimens, epifaunal sample 15, Fang Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave. These two specimens are distinctively pigmented (in preserved material). The dorsal surface of anterior segments has a brown transverse marking across the middle of the segment, leaving the anterior and posterior edges free of pigment, but the posterior corners of the segment have darker streaks directed postero-medially. The pigment fades on posterior segments, the paler pigment disappearing before the darker streaks. Brown pigment is also present above and below the bases of the tentacles. Anteriorly the notopodia have orange tips, posteriorly the notopodia become completely orange. Orange patches are also present on the pygidium and the palpophores. Paragnaths are present on both maxillary rings: I 50; II 5 about 15 in rows of about 3; III 5 about 11; IV 5 about 11; V 51; VI 53 in a transverse row; VII – VIII 5 few. The notopodial chaetae are homogomph spinigers on anterior chaetigers, posterior notopodia also have a homogomph falciger. Neuropodial chaetae are homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers above the acicula, heterogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers below the acicula. Huang (2001) lists 25 taxa from the genus Nereis which have been recorded from Chinese waters, and Sun and Yang (2004) give 17 species. Using the descriptions in Imajima (1972) and Wu et al. (1981, 1985), the nearest match of these 25 taxa appears to be Nereis denhamensis Augener, 1913. Although individual and regional variation must be borne in mind, it is unlikely that the specimens belong to this species, which differs in the number of paragnaths in areas IV (524 – 26), V (50) and VI (55 – 7). The distinctive pigmentation pattern mentioned above was not mentioned for any Nereis species in Wu et al. (1985).	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED236FFA1FDDFCA9DBF66FB5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen, epifaunal sample 1 and two specimens, epifaunal sample 14, Fang Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave. These specimens had parapodia with yellow tips and black aciculae, but were otherwise unpigmented. One specimen from sample 14 was complete but apparently regenerating, the posterior 28 chaetigers being much narrower than the anterior 32. There were two long pygidial cirri under the terminal anus. Paragnaths are present on both maxillary rings: I 50 or 1 small; II 510 – 11; III 55 – 6; IV 510 – 17; V 50; VI 54 – 6; VII – VIII 5 a sparse row of large paragnaths on the maxillary side of these areas, and a wide band of much smaller paragnaths (giving the appearance of a dusty surface) on the oral side. The notopodial chaetae are homogomph spinigers on anterior chaetigers, posterior notopodia having one or two big homogomph falcigers with short blades. An anterior neuropodium has one homogomph spiniger above the acicula and one heterogomph spiniger below. A more posterior neuropodium has five homogomph spinigers and two big heterogomph falcigers with short blades above the acicula, and four heterogomph spinigers and two big heterogomph falcigers with short blades below the acicula. Of those Nereis taxa recorded from Chinese waters in Huang (2001) and Sun and Yang (2004), this species is similar to Nereis multignatha Imajima & Hartman, 1964, N. vexillosa Grube, 1851 and N. zonata Malmgren, 1867. Among other differences, all these species have more paragnaths in areas II (515 – 20), III (520 – 40) and IV (530 – 41).	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED236FFA2FE58CFB0B89AFBB6.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen, Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, epifaunal sample 3. This small, damaged specimen has about 53 chaetigers, but is probably not complete. It has a brown prostomium (with a trace of a white axial streak) and there is brown pigment at the base of the tentacles. The most anterior segments display five transverse brown stripes dorsally, two each side and one centrally. Posteriorly, the lateral stripes fade away while the central stripe increases in size, becoming a central patch, and this in turn reduces more posteriorly to a small transverse stripe: the most posterior segments are not patterned. Paragnaths are present on both maxillary rings, but because of the small size of the worm are difficult to see on the first four groups: I 5 few; II 5 few; III 5 several; IV 5 several; V 51; VI 51 small straight transverse bar; VII – VIII 5 about two zigzag rows of fine paragnaths. The notopodial chaetae are homogomph spinigers. Neuropodia have homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers with short blades.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED236FFA2FE58CFB0B89AFBB6.taxon	description	The species P. cultrifera has been reported from Hong Kong by Mak (1982) and Wang and Huang (1994); Hartmann-Schröder (1996) lists the distribution as the tropical and temperate zones of the oceans, including the North Sea. Perinereis cavifrons was reported by Wu et al. (1981, 1985) from rocky shores in Guangdong Province, with other records from India, Burma and Indonesia.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED235FFA3FE64CFDEBABFFEB2.taxon	materials_examined	Material Numerous specimens from site D, back of the cave, one specimen from site A at the cave mouth, Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave. This material is generally indistinguishable from the description of Hartmann- Schröder (1974), but is smaller, and the prostomial triad of eyes was not visible in live specimens. The holotype, from Mozambique, was 21 mm long with 32 chaetigers. Six specimens from Conic Island Cave ranged between 7 and 12.5 mm long for 30 to 31 chaetigers. Gills are present on all but the first chaetiger, lateral eyes are present on chaetigers 7 to 17 or 18; the pygidium bears six threadlike cirri and eight round papillae (eight and ten respectively in the type material). Al-Hakim and Glasby (2004) were the first to record Armandia bipapillata from the South China Sea, from the Natuna Islands, east of Singapore. The only opheliid recorded from Hong Kong waters by Shin (1998) was Ophelina acuminata Örsted, 1843 (see also Mak [1982] as Ammotrypane aulogaster), to which Ong Che et al. (1999) added O. grandis (Pillai, 1961). Huang (2001) lists Armandia intermedia Fauvel, 1902, A. leptocirrus Grube, 1878 and A. lanceolata Willey, 1905 from Chinese waters, the first two from the South China Sea. See below for Polyophthalmus pictus.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED234FFA3FE88CA1DB8BEFD37.taxon	materials_examined	Material Two specimens, epifauna, Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, samples 13 and 15, 21 October 2002. This species is recorded by Wang and Huang (1994) from Mirs Bay in a fouling community. It is likely that the present material is of a distinct species, but specimens of this genus tend to be attributed worldwide to P. pictus owing to the paucity of available morphological characters for species distinction. There was insufficient material in the 2002 collections to warrant a detailed investigation.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
03D387FED22BFFBCFE0ECB9EB964FCBE.taxon	materials_examined	Material One specimen at entrance and one specimen at back of Fan Tsang Chau (Conic Island) Cave, epifauna. These two specimens agree well with the description by Hutchings (1990) which was based on a specimen from 3 – 5 m depth amongst boulders at Kat O, Hong Kong. Mak (1982) recorded Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) from Hong Kong waters. This species (type locality Holland) has been recorded from around the world (Hutchings and Glasby 1988), but in most cases the descriptions are inadequate to confirm the identity of the worm in question. Comparing the descriptions of Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) sensu Hutchings and Glasby (1988) and Lanice auricula, the most obvious differences seem to be: 1) the lateral lobes of segment 3 of L. conchilega are narrow, rectangular, with a dorsolateral flag-like extension, whereas on L. auricula they are much wider, with an inflated basal portion, semi-circular in shape, and 2) the area around the notopodia of L. conchilega is very glandular, forming a markedly corrugated glandular lateral stripe along the length of the thorax; this stripe is absent from L. auricula.	en	Muir, Alexander I., Bamber, Roger N. (2008): New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 797-814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850455, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455
