identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D38303FF87BB4CFE46FB86FC23FBD7.text	03D38303FF87BB4CFE46FB86FC23FBD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scyphozoa Goette 1887	<div><p>Class SCYPHOZOA Goette, 1887</p><p>Subclass CORONAMEDUSAE Calder et al., 2009</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FF87BB4CFE46FB86FC23FBD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FF87BB4DFDC3FB63FE03FE90.text	03D38303FF87BB4DFDC3FB63FE03FE90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Linuche Eschscholtz 1829	<div><p>Linuche sp.</p><p>(Figure 3A, B)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Caleritas Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.29&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.29/lat 24.35)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.350°N, 110.290°W; depth 0–1 m, 30 April 2017; on rock; ECO-CH-Z 11775 .</p><p>Identification (after Jarms and Morandini 2019)</p><p>Colonial polyps from a stolonal plate, individual polyps surrounded by an exoskeleton. Exoskeleton flexible, elongate, upright, and only slightly tapered proximally, with annulations and fine longitudinal striations. Exoskeleton without tooth or cusps. No polyps branching.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New record for the MP.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Life cycle studies of Linuche draco and Linuche unguiculata supported the existence of L. draco in the Western Pacific, and L. lunulata in the Indian Ocean (Jarms and Morandini 2019). Life cycle and molecular studies are needed to reliably identify this scyphozoan in the Eastern Pacific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FF87BB4DFDC3FB63FE03FE90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FF86BB4DFD8BFE54FDBBFAE4.text	03D38303FF86BB4DFD8BFE54FDBBFAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lobonemidae Stiasny 1920	<div><p>Lobonemidae sp. indet.</p><p>(Figure 3C–E)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1, medusa; El Comitán Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.418&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.128" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.418/lat 24.128)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.128°N, 110.418°W; water surface; 30 October 2017; ECO-CH-Z 11778 .</p><p>Identification (after Stiasny 1920)</p><p>Umbrella hemispherical, margin with numerous marginal lappets resembling tentacles, and eight rhopalia. Exumbrella covered with gelatinous papillae. Eight oral arms with numerous appendages, 16 radial canals, eight perradial and eight interradial, connecting the central stomach and circular canal.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded from the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California Sur, under Lobonematidae sp. (Bayha et al. 2010) and Lobonematidae sp. 1 (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017). In the MP, for the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur as Lobonematidae sp . 1 (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Based on morphological and molecular data of this medusa, recorded in the MP from Baja California Sur as Lobonemidae sp. 1 (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017). However, a more detailed morphological description and molecular analysis with a larger number of specimens are needed. Currently, the family is considered valid by Jarms and Morandini (2019) and WoRMS Editorial Board 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FF86BB4DFD8BFE54FDBBFAE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FF86BB4AFDACFA14FEBDFB79.text	03D38303FF86BB4AFDACFA14FEBDFB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stomolophus Agassiz 1860	<div><p>Stomolophus sp. 2</p><p>(Figure 3F, G)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>2, medusae, mature; Punta Prieta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.313&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.313/lat 24.23)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.230°N, 110.313°W; depth 0–1 m, 8 June 2017; ECO-CH-Z 11779 . – 2, medusae, immature; El Comitán Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.418&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.128" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.418/lat 24.128)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.128°N, 110.418°W; depth 0–1 m, 13 April 2021; ECO-CH-Z 11780 . – 2, medusae, gonads not seen; La Paz Boardwalk, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.322&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.156" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.322/lat 24.156)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.156°N, 110.322°W; water surface, 4 April 2021; photograph . – 1, medusa, gonads not seen; Camahuiroa Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.287&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.537" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.287/lat 26.537)">Huatabampo</a>, Sonora, 26.537°N, 109.287°W; depth 0–1 m, 5 April 2021; photograph .</p><p>Identification (after Mayer 1910)</p><p>Umbrella hemispherical, mesogloea thick, umbrellar margin with lappets. Eight rhopalia. A central stomach connects to mouth openings via the oesophagus into a well-developed manubrium formed by the fusion of eight oral arms with distal end free. Four invaginated gonads. Sixteen radial canals connecting with stomach and marginal network of anastomosing canals without a circular canal.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>The genus Stomolophus has been previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California, and Baja California Sur, under the names of Stomolophus meleagris Agassiz, 1862 (Reza et al. 2018; González-Valdovinos et al. 2019), Stomolophus sp. (Getino-Mamet et al. 2017), Stomolophus sp. 1 and Stomolophus sp. 2 (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017; Getino-Mamet et al. 2019). For the rest of the gulf in Nayarit, Sinaloa, and Sonora, records exist as S. meleagris (Gómez-Aguirre 1991; Carvalho-Saucedo et al. 2011, 2012; Padilla-Serrato et al. 2013; Álvarez-Tello et al. 2015, 2016), Stomolophus sp. (Getino-Mamet et al. 2017), Stomolophus sp. 1, Stomolophus sp. 2, and Stomolophus sp. 6 (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017; Getino-Mamet et al. 2019). For the MP, it has been recorded on the coasts of Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca under S. meleagris (Ocaña-Luna and Gómez-Aguirre 1999; López Serrano and Serrano Guzmán 2013; Álvarez-Silva et al. 2006; Moral-Flores et al. 2020), Stomolophus cf. meleagris (Del Moral-Flores et al. 2020), and Stomolophus sp. 2 (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017; Getino-Mamet et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The inclusion of molecular data distinguishes Stomolophus sp. 1 and Stomolophus sp. 2 as different lineages in the Gulf of California (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017; Getino-Mamet et al. 2019). Therefore, morphological and taxonomic descriptions for both species are needed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FF86BB4AFDACFA14FEBDFB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FF81BB4BFDABFA32FBF2F923.text	03D38303FF81BB4BFDABFA32FBF2F923.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phacellophora Brandt 1835	<div><p>Phacellophora sp.</p><p>(Figure 3H)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1, medusa; Guadalupe Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.274&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.118" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.274/lat 29.118)">Baja California</a>, 29.118°N, 118.274°W; photograph .</p><p>Identification (after Mayer 1910; Jarms and Morandini 2019)</p><p>Umbrella flat, with a slight dome-shaped aboral apex; umbrellar margin with pointed lappets. Oral arms curtain-shaped with several folds. Medusa colourless to white.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>It has been recorded from the coast of Baja California (Abboud et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The record of Phacellophora sp. comes from an underwater photograph, so the morphological details related to the texture of the exumbrella, the position of the radial canals, and the arrangement of the structures of the umbrellar margin were not observed. It is not possible to give a species-level identification due to the poor amount of detail the existing photograph offers, as well as cryptic diversity within the genus (Moura et al. 2022). More studies based on integrative taxonomy are needed to define the lineages of this genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FF81BB4BFDABFA32FBF2F923	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FF83BB48FDDEFF78FB1FFB09.text	03D38303FF83BB48FDDEFF78FB1FFB09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aurelia Lamarck 1816	<div><p>Aurelia sp.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>2, medusae, mature and immature; El Conchalito Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.344&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.344/lat 24.144)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.144°N, 110.344°W; depth 1 m; 26 August 2018; ECO-CH-Z 11777 . – 1, medusa, mature; El Caimancito Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.301&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.206" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.301/lat 24.206)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.206°N, 110.301°W; depth 0–1 m; 16 July 2019; ECO-CH-Z 11772 .</p><p>Identification (after Mayer 1910)</p><p>Umbrella hemispherical, margin with eight velar lappets, eight rhopalia, and numerous small tentacles. A central stomach with a simple mouth arises from all canals and connects with the circular canal; four interradial gonads alternate with four oral arms. Four perradial canals, four interradial canals, eight adradial canals, and 16 anastomosing nets of radiating canals.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>A medusa of this genus was previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California Sur, under the name Aurelia sp. 12 (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017). Elsewhere in the gulf, it has been recorded in Sonora, Sinaloa and Nayarit as Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gómez-Aguirre 1991) .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758) has been recorded from the Gulf of California, but no morphological description is available (Gómez-Aguirre 1991). The incorporation of molecular data distinguishes the lineage Aurelia sp. 12 for the west coast of the Gulf of California (Gómez Daglio and Dawson 2017; Lawley et al. 2021), and given the cryptic speciation in Aurelia (Dawson and Jacobs 2001), a detailed morphometric and genetically based taxonomic investigation is required to resolve the identity of this species in the MP.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FF83BB48FDDEFF78FB1FFB09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FF83BB49FE29FA2CFEB6FD0B.text	03D38303FF83BB49FE29FA2CFEB6FD0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geryonia proboscidalis (Forsskal 1775)	<div><p>Geryonia proboscidalis (Forsskål, 1775)</p><p>(Figure 4A)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1, medusa, Punta Gorda, Santa Rosalía, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.355&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.355/lat 27.536)">Mulegé Municipality</a>, Baja California Sur, 27.536°N, 112.355°W; 12 March 2015; photograph . – 1, medusa; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.827&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.993" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.827/lat 23.993)">Bay of Dreams</a>, Baja California Sur, 23.993°N, 109.827°W; depth 0.5 m, 8 April 2019; photograph .</p><p>Identification (after Mayer 1910)</p><p>Umbrella nearly hemisphaerical, with moderately thick walls, and short velum. Peduncle conical and manubrium short. Six orange gonads extend over the subumbrella from near peduncle base to near the umbrellar margin. Six perradial orange tentacles, long and contractile. Interradial tentacles not seen.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New record for the Gulf of California. In the MP, it has been recorded from Baja California (Bigelow 1909), Colima, Guerrero and Michoacán (Segura-Puertas 1984).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The two records of G. proboscidalis come from two underwater photographs, so the microscopic details of the morphology were not observed. Nonetheless, in situ, identification is sufficient to confirm its identity since it is a monotypic species (WoRMS Editorial Board 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FF83BB49FE29FA2CFEB6FD0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FF82BB49FE51FC17FE3CFA70.text	03D38303FF82BB49FE51FC17FE3CFA70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coryne pusilla Gaertner 1774	<div><p>Coryne pusilla Gaertner, 1774</p><p>(Figure 4B)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>3 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Agua de Yepiz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.63/lat 24.288)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.288°N, 110.630°W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; on undetermined algae, ascidian, and coralline algae; ECO-CH-Z 11791 .</p><p>Identification (after Schuchert 2001)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, branched. Perisarc with a few wrinkled, and with irregular annulations, principally at base; terminating abruptly below hydranth. Hydranth spindle-shaped; tentacles capitate, with five in an oral whorl and many others scattered over hydranth. Without filiform tentacles. With stenotele nematocysts.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New record for the MP.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FF82BB49FE51FC17FE3CFA70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFBDBB76FDA1FF66FBFAFC13.text	03D38303FFBDBB76FDA1FF66FBFAFC13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrocoryne Stechow 1908	<div><p>Hydrocoryne sp.</p><p>(Figure 5A–C)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>2 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Caleritas Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.29&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.29/lat 24.35)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.350°N, 110.290°W; depth 0–1 m, 30 April 2017; on rock; ECO-CH-Z 11774 .</p><p>Identification (after Rees 1957)</p><p>Hydroids colonial unbranching. Exoskeleton thin over most colonies, terminating at hydranth base. Hydranth with a blunt conical hypostome and a slightly broader tentacular region with capitate tentacles arranged generally alternate in position. Tentacles arranged in five circles, having a nematocyst knob at their terminal end. The nematocyst knobs are spherical, smooth, and with stenotele and microbasic eurytele nematocysts.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This constitutes a new record of the genus Hydrocoryne for the Gulf of California. In the MP, the medusa stage of Hydrocoryne miurensis Stechow, 1908, has been recorded in Guerrero (Bigelow 1909) .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Distinction between species of the genus Hydrocoryne is based on the medusa stage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFBDBB76FDA1FF66FBFAFC13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFBDBB77FE43FB83FD99FA4C.text	03D38303FFBDBB77FE43FB83FD99FA4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pennaria disticha Goldfuss 1820	<div><p>Pennaria disticha Goldfuss, 1820</p><p>(Figure 4C)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>3 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34/lat 24.316)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.316°N, 110.340°W; depth 0–1 m; 7 May 2017; on the alga Valionopsis pachynema, crustose coralline algae, and rock; ECO-CH-Z 11748 . – 1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; El Mogote Sand Bar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.341&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.341/lat 24.159)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.159°N, 110.341°W; depth 0– 2 m; 1 July 2019; on ascidian and sponge; ECO-CH-Z 11798 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1988)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, alternately branched, divided into internodes by annulations. Each internode supporting a branch distally. Hydrocladia divided into internodes by annulations, each with a distal unbranched and annulated ramulus that supports a hydranth. Perisarc terminating abruptly below hydranths. Hydranth pearshaped, with a whorl of filiform aboral tentacles and two whorls of short capitate tentacles.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New record for the Gulf of California. In the MP, it has been recorded from the coast of Oaxaca (Humara-Gil and Cruz-Gómez 2018) .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is cryptic; Miglietta et al. (2018) detected several clades with broad ranges of geographic distributions. Integrative taxonomic studies may help elucidate possible differences within these clades.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFBDBB77FE43FB83FD99FA4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFBFBB74FE5EFF76FB8DFC9B.text	03D38303FFBFBB74FE5EFF76FB8DFC9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porpita porpita (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Porpita porpita (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(Figure 5D)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>2 colonies, gonozooids not seen; El Candelero Beach, Espíritu Santo Archipelago, Baja California Sur, 24.497°N, 110.392°W; water surface; 1 April 2017; photograph . – 1 colony, gonozooids not seen; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.83&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.992" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.83/lat 23.992)">Bay of Dreams</a>, Baja California Sur, 23.992°N, 109.830°W; water surface; 10 April 2021; ECO-CH-Z 11793 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-102.749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.074" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -102.749/lat 18.074)">Caleta de Campos</a>, Michoacán, 18.074°N, 102.749W; stranded; 22 December 2022; photograph .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1988; Schuchert 2010)</p><p>Pleustonic hydroids, with disc-shaped mantle, and internal float. Mantle and float slightly convex, with a central pore and numerous stigmata. Undersurface with a single central gastrozooid. Dactylozooids with a distal whorl of capitate tentacles, mouth lacking.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded in the Gulf of California (Dunn et al. 2005). In the MP, recorded from the states of Nayarit (Bigelow 1911) and Michoacán (Gamero-Mora et al. 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFBFBB74FE5EFF76FB8DFC9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFBFBB75FE46FC50FB18FF4E.text	03D38303FFBFBB75FE46FC50FB18FF4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendrium capillare Alder 1856	<div><p>Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856</p><p>(Figure 4D–E)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>3 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Caleritas Beach, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.350̊N, 110.290°W; depth 0–1 m, 30 April 2017; on rock; ECO-CH-Z 11776 . – 1 colony, polyp, with male gonophores; El Mogote Sand Bar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.341&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.341/lat 24.159)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.159° N, 110.341°W; depth 0–2 m; 1 July 2019; on undetermined ascidian; ECO-CH-Z 11801 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1988; Marques 2001)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza, irregularly branching. Hydrocladia irregularly branched. Pedicels bent, terminating at groove around base of hydranth – annulations at base of hydrocaulus, hydrocladia, and pedicels, and irregularly placed annulations elsewhere. Hydranth urn-shaped, distinct perisarc groove basally, filiform tentacles in one whorl, hypostome flared. Male gonophores distal to perisarc groove on hydranth. Each gonophore with three chambers, the terminal chamber with an apical tubercle.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California in Baja California Sur (Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020). In the MP,it has been reported from Baja California Sur and Colima (Fraser 1948) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFBFBB75FE46FC50FB18FF4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFBEBB75FE5FFEC1FE27FBCF.text	03D38303FFBEBB75FE5FFEC1FE27FBCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Janaria mirabilis Stechow 1921	<div><p>Janaria mirabilis Stechow, 1921</p><p>(Figure 4F)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp; Salvatierra Wreck, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.294&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.294/lat 24.384)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.384°N, 110.294°W; depth 18 m; 11 July 2019; on pagurid hermit crab; photograph .</p><p>Description (after Cairns and Barnard 1984)</p><p>Corallum encrusting a gastropod shell that encloses and protects a pagurid hermit crab. The hydroid colony bears five calcified branches, slightly curved, which radiate outward from the peripheral whorl of the gastropod shell.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>In the Mexican Pacific, the species has been reported from Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Jalisco (Stechow 1962; Cairns and Barnard 1984; Miglietta et al. 2009).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The record of J. mirabilis arises from an underwater photograph; hence, the morphological details of the polyps at the microscopic level were not observed. However, J. mirabilis is a monotypic species (Cairns and Barnard 1984; WoRMS Editorial Board 2023), confirming the photographic record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFBEBB75FE5FFEC1FE27FBCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFBEBB72FDA8FB5FFC38FB30.text	03D38303FFBEBB72FDA8FB5FFC38FB30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corydendrium Van Beneden 1844	<div><p>Corydendrium sp.</p><p>(Figure 5E)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; El Mogote Sand Bar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.341&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.341/lat 24.159)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.159°N, 110.341°W; depth 0–2 m; 1 July 2019; on barnacle; ECO-CH-Z 11800 .</p><p>Description (after Calder 1988)</p><p>Colony erect, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, irregularly branched; branches partly adnate to hydrocaulus. Perisarc pedicel terminating abruptly below hydranth.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This constitutes a new record of the genus Corydendrium for the west coast of the Gulf of California . In the Mexican Pacific, three species of the genus have been recorded, C . flabellatum in Nayarit and Jalisco (Fraser 1938a), C. fruticosum in Baja California (Fraser 1948), and C. parasiticum in Sinaloa (Alvarez-León and Wedler 1982).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFBEBB72FDA8FB5FFC38FB30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB9BB73FDA4FA20FB18FD70.text	03D38303FFB9BB73FDA4FA20FB18FD70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirrholovenia Kramp 1959	<div><p>Cirrholovenia sp.</p><p>(Figure 5F, G)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Agua de Yepiz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.63/lat 24.288)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.288°N, 110.630°W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; on the alga Sargassum sp .; ECO-CH-Z 11788 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder et al. 2003; Migotto and Cabral 2005)</p><p>Colony stolonal. Hydrothecae tubular, 0.2 mm long, arising directly from hydrorhiza and adnate from proximal part. Hydrothecal margin presented as a continuation of notsegmented operculum, which folds upon itself forming pleats.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New record for the MP. The specimen resembles Cirrholovenia tetranema (Calder et al. 2003; Migotto and Cabral 2005) which is the only species between C. polynema, C. reticulata and C. violacea with a morphological description of its benthic phase (Kramp 1959; Xu and Huang 2004; Gershwin et al. 2010; Tosetto et al. 2021). Therefore, this identification remains as Cirrholovenia sp., until more life cycle and morphological data is generated for this genus.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The shape of the hydrotheca shows similarities with the genus Lafoeina; however, structures such as nematothecae and gonothecae were not observed, which are important to determine it at a more specific level (Calder 1991; Calder et al. 2003; Moura 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB9BB73FDA4FA20FB18FD70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB8BB71FE46FC60FBA7FAE1.text	03D38303FFB8BB71FE46FC60FBA7FAE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaophenia pinguis Fraser 1938	<div><p>Aglaophenia pinguis Fraser, 1938</p><p>(Figure 6A–C)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>4 colonies, polyp, without corbulae; Agua de Yepiz, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.288° N, 110.630°W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; on undetermined algae and coralline algae; ECO-CH-Z 11790. – 3 colonies, polyp, with corbulae, female; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24.248°N, 110.150°W; depth 0–1 m; 20 July 2018; on the algae Amphiroa valaeinoides and Chondria arcuata, and on coral; ECO-CH-Z 11768. – 1 colony, polyp, with corbulae, female; El Mogote Sand Bar, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.159°N, 110.341°W; depth 0–2 m; 1 July 2019; on ascidian and unattached; ECO-CH-Z 11797. – 2 colonies, polyp, with corbulae; El Tecolote Beach, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.341°N, 110.306° W; depth 0–5 m; 27 February 2021; on undetermined algae; ECO-CH-Z 11802.</p><p>Identification (after Fraser 1938b, 1948)</p><p>Colonies erect, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, alternately branched, divided into internodes by indistinct oblique nodes. Internodes with a distal hydrocladial apophysis, a frontal mamelon or pseudonematotheca, and three cauline nematothecae, one inferior and two axillaries on frontal and posterior position, respectively. Hydrocladia unbranched, divided into thecate internodes by slightly oblique distinct nodes. Each internode bearing one hydrotheca, one median inferior nematotheca, and a pair of lateral nematothecae; two distinct internodal septa for internode, at the bases of intrathecal septum and lateral nematothecae, respectively. Hydrothecae with abcauline wall convex distally, hydrothecal margin with nine cusps, one median and four lateral pairs, median and first pair equal size and large, the remaining cusps diminishing in size from front to back. Median inferior nematotheca adnate to abcauline wall of hydrotheca basally, reaching three-quarters height of the hydrotheca; lateral nematothecae reach beyond hydrothecal margin. Female corbulae closed, pod-shaped, each occurring in place of a hydrocladium on branches, with one cormidia basally. Either side of rachis with 9–10 fused nematocladia.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California in Baja California and Baja California Sur (Fraser 1938b, 1948) and for the rest of the gulf in Nayarit (Fraser 1948). In the MP, it has been recorded off the coasts of Baja California and Baja California Sur (Fraser 1948).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens conform to the description of A. pinguis Fraser, 1938b, agreeing on the characteristics of a long colony of short hydrocladia, with two distinctive septa per hydrocladial internode, and the lower nematotheca does not reach the height of the hydrothecal margin. When corbulae are present, they are abundant per colony (Calder et al. 2009; Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020). As a way to enrich the original description of A. pinguis Fraser (1938b, 1948), specimens from four localities were reviewed, collected at distance of 60–78 km from the type locality (San Francisco Island, 24°49′50′′N, 110°34′W) defined by Calder et al. (2009). Fraser (1938b) described the presence of two nematothecae on the hydrocaulus (one in the inferior position and the other one superior) and two hydrocladial processes on the apophysis (one frontal and one posterior). These characteristics are redefined with the terminology of the distinctive characteristics for the genus Aglaophenia (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Soto Àngel and Peña Cantero 2017), such as the presence of three nematothecae in each internode of the hydrocaulus, one lower and two flanking the apophysis in frontal and posterior positions, respectively, in addition to the presence of a pseudonematotheca or mamelon on the apophysis. Similarly, the hydrothecal margin shows the small, straight frontal cusp and four lateral pairs of cusps, whose size decreases from the adcauline to the abcauline position. Thus, A. pinguis is distinguished from A. diegensis (Torrey, 1902), A. longicarpa (Fraser, 1938b) and A. propinqua (Fraser, 1938b), which are recorded in the same area (see Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020). Also, thanks to this new revision, the specimen Aglaophenia sp. recorded by Mendoza-Becerril et al. (2020) is reassigned as A. pinguis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB8BB71FE46FC60FBA7FAE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFBABB7EFE2DFACBFF62FC66.text	03D38303FFBABB7EFE2DFACBFF62FC66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaophenia symmetrica Fraser 1938	<div><p>Aglaophenia symmetrica Fraser, 1938</p><p>(Figure 6D–F)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp, without corbulae; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34/lat 24.316)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.316°N, 110.340°W; depth 9.75 m; 14 September 2017; on coralline algae and rock; ECO-CH-Z 11759 .</p><p>Identification (after Fraser 1938b)</p><p>Colonies erect, hydrocaulus monosiphonic, alternately branched, divided into internodes by transverse nodes. Internodes with a distal hydrocladial apophysis, a pseudonematotheca, and three cauline nematothecae, one inferior and two axillary on frontal and posterior positions. Hydrocladia unbranched, divided into thecate internodes by slightly oblique distinct nodes. Each internode bearing one hydrotheca, one median inferior nematotheca, and a lateral pair of nematothecae; two internodal septa for internode, one distinct at the base of intrathecal septum, and one indistinct at the base of lateral nematothecae. Hydrothecae with abcauline wall nearly straight distally, hydrothecal margin with nine cusps, one median and four lateral pairs, median abcauline cusp shorter than others, first to third lateral pairs nearly equal in size. Median inferior nematotheca adnate to abcauline wall of hydrotheca basally, reaching the median portion of hydrotheca; lateral reach beyond hydrothecal margin.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded in Sonora (Fraser 1938b). The present specimen constitutes the second record within the Gulf of California.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen resembles the description of A. symmetrica by Fraser (1938b), mainly in the position of the lower nematotheca and the size of the cusps of the hydrothecal margin. The identity of the specimen was corroborated with photographs of the type specimen, in collections at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, catalogue number SBMNH 347209 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFBABB7EFE2DFACBFF62FC66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB5BB7FFEF0FBB3FF74FDA1.text	03D38303FFB5BB7FFEF0FBB3FF74FDA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer 1872	<div><p>Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872</p><p>(Figure 6G–I)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Caleritas Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.29&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.29/lat 24.35)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.350N, 110.290°W; depth 0–1 m, 30 April 2017; on rock; ECO-CH-Z 11773 . – 1 colony, polyp, without phylactocarps; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24.248°N, 110.150°W; depth 1–2 m; 20 July 2018; on the alga Bryopsis sp ., ascidian, and Bryozoa; ECO-CH-Z 11765 . – 1 colony, polyp, without phylactocarps; El Mogote Sand Bar, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.159°N, 110.341°; depth 0–2 m; 1 July 2019; on ascidian; ECO-CH-Z 11796 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1997; Di Camillo et al. 2009)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus polysiphonic basally and monosiphonic distally, twice-pinnately branched, divided into internodes by transverse to slightly oblique nodes. Internodes from the anterior side of the primary hydrocaulus with a distal hydrocladial apophysis, a mamelon, and two nematothecae, one basal and the other axillary. Hydrocladia divided into thecate internodes by oblique nodes, each internode with a hydrotheca, three nematothecae, one median inferior and one pair lateral, and two internodal septa. Hydrothecae with abcauline wall convex except for pronounced concavity just below margin; adcauline intrathecal septum prominent extending about halfway across the intrathecal cavity. Hydrothecal margin sinuous in lateral view, with two short lateral cusps and a short median abcauline cusp. Median inferior nematotheca reaches beyond the hydrotheca margin distally, adnate to the abcauline wall of hydrothecal as far as intrathecal septum; lateral nematothecae adnate to hydrothecal wall, extending beyond margin of hydrothecae.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California Sur (Fraser 1938b, 1948; Baynes 1999), and for the rest of the gulf in Nayarit and Sonora (Fraser 1938c, 1948). In the MP, it has been recorded off the coasts of Jalisco and Guerrero (Fraser 1938a, 1938c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB5BB7FFEF0FBB3FF74FDA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB4BB7FFE82FD14FD7BF9EC.text	03D38303FFB4BB7FFE82FD14FD7BF9EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halopteris violae Calder, Mallinson, Collins and Hickman 2003	<div><p>Halopteris violae Calder, Mallinson, Collins and Hickman, 2003</p><p>(Figure 6L, M)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>2 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Agua de Yepiz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.63/lat 24.288)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.288°N, 110.630°W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; on the alga Ceramium sp . And coralline and undetermined algae; ECO-CH-Z 11784 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder et al. 2003)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus alternately branched, monosiphonic, divided into athecate and thecate internodes at irregular intervals by oblique nodes proximally and transverse nodes distally. Athecate internodes with 2–3 nematothecae; thecate internodes with a distal hydrocladial apophysis, a hydrotheca, and 3–6 nematothecae, one median inferior, one pair lateral, and the rest superior far from hydrothecae. Hydrocladia unbranched, divided into athecate and thecate internodes by oblique nodes; athecate internodes with one nematotheca; thecate internodes with a hydrotheca, and three nematothecae, one median inferior and one pair lateral. Hydrothecae with margin entire. Median inferior nematotheca far below hydrotheca; lateral nematothecae on short pedicel.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded from the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California Sur (Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020), and the only record for the MP .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen conforms to the characteristics of H. violae described by Calder et al. (2003), except for not presenting the majority of two nematothecae per athecate internode in the hydrocladia; only one nematotheca was presented.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB4BB7FFE82FD14FD7BF9EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB7BB7CFE3CFF66FD8BFBBB.text	03D38303FFB7BB7CFE3CFF66FD8BFBBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ventromma halecioides (Alder 1859)	<div><p>Ventromma halecioides (Alder, 1859)</p><p>(Figure 7A, B)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>3 colonies, polyp, with gonophores; Agua de Yepiz, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.288° N, 110.630°W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; on the algae Hypnea sp., Laurencia sp., and Sargassum sp.; ECO-CH-Z 11789. – Several colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24.248°N, 110.150°W; depth 1–2 m; 20 July 2018; on the algae Centroceras gasparrinii, Laurencia pacifica, Padina mexicana, and Sargassum sp.; ECO-CH-Z 11770.</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1997)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, alternately branched, divided into internodes by transverse nodes. Internodes slightly curved, each one supporting a distal hydrocladial apophysis and one axillary nematotheca. Hydrocladia unbranched, divided into athecate and thecate internodes by slightly oblique nodes; athecate internodes short, one at the base of hydrocladia and occasionally elsewhere; thecate internodes large, each one with a hydrotheca, and two nematothecae, one median inferior and the other superior. Hydrotheca cup-shaped, margin entire. Hydranth exposed and larger than hydrotheca.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded in the western Gulf of California, Baja California Sur (Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020). In the MP, it has been recorded from Baja California (Fraser 1948) and Oaxaca (Humara and Cruz-Gómez 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB7BB7CFE3CFF66FD8BFBBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB7BB7AFE40FB2BFE3CFE1E.text	03D38303FFB7BB7AFE40FB2BFE3CFE1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monotheca flexuosa (Bale 1894)	<div><p>Monotheca flexuosa (Bale, 1894)</p><p>(Figure 7C, D)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-111.02&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -111.02/lat 18.844)">Manzanillo Municipality</a>, Colima, 18.844N, 111.020°W; depth 22.3 m; 21 March 2021; on the alga Asparagopsis taxiformis and undetermined algae; ECO-CH-Z 11804 .</p><p>Identification (after Watson 2011; Calder 2020)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, alternately branched, divided into internodes by transverse nodes with rounded shoulders. Internodes flexuous, each supporting a distal hydrocladial apophysis curving smoothly away from internode and three bithalamic nematothecae, one in medial position, one axillary, and one on apophysis. Hydrocladia unbranched, divided into regular lengths of athecate and thecate internodes by transverse nodes, with rounded shoulders distally and basally to athecate and thecate internodes, respectively; athecate internode at the base of hydrocladia, straight to slightly curved, with two faint internodal septa; one thecate internode distal to hydrocladia, slightly inflated distally, bearing a hydrotheca, two faint internodal septa behind the hydrothecae and three bithalamic nematothecae, one inferior and one pair lateral without pedicels. Hydrotheca occupying almost the entire internode, cup-shaped; margin entire, circular and slight thickening below the margin.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New record for the MP.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB7BB7AFE40FB2BFE3CFE1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB1BB7AFE30FE48FCE0F935.text	03D38303FFB1BB7AFE30FE48FCE0F935.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plumularia floridana Nutting 1900	<div><p>Plumularia floridana Nutting, 1900</p><p>(Figure 7E, F)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>2 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34/lat 24.316)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.316°N, 110.340°W; depth 0–1 m; 7 May 2017; on crustose coralline algae and rock; ECO-CH-Z 11751 . – 3 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34/lat 24.316)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.316°N, 110.340°W; depth 9.75 m; 14 September 2017; on the alga Amphiroa sp ., coral, and rock; ECO-CH-Z 11757 . – 1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Agua de Yepiz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.63/lat 24.288)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.288°N, 110.630°W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; unknow substrate; ECO-CH-Z 11792 .</p><p>Identification (after Migotto 1996; Calder 1997)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, alternately branched, divided into internodes by transverse nodes. Internodes with a distal hydrocladial apophysis, a mamelon, two distinct septa, two nematothecae, one in medial position to the internode, and one axillary. Hydrocladia unbranched, divided into athecate and thecate internodes by oblique nodes proximally and transverse nodes distally. Each internode with two distinct internodal septa; athecate internodes short, bearing one nematotheca except for the first internode; thecate internodes large bearing a hydrotheca and three nematothecae, one median inferior and one pair lateral. Hydrothecae with margin entire.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California Sur (Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020), and for the rest of the gulf in Nayarit (Fraser 1948). In the MP, it has been recorded off the coasts of Baja California, Guerrero, and Oaxaca (Fraser 1938a; Salcedo-Martínez et al. 1988).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Three colonies present morphological variations previously described for the species (Migotto 1996; Calder 1997). Two colonies of the labelled sample PD_11 with three nematothecae on the hydrocaulus, one in medial position to internode, and two axillary. One colony of the labelled sample PD_4 with a branched hydrocladium, resembling hydrocaulus arising from apophysis and replacing hydrocladium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB1BB7AFE30FE48FCE0F935	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB0BB7BFE26FF4AFDEBFB9F.text	03D38303FFB0BB7BFE26FF4AFDEBFB9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dynamena crisioides Lamouroux 1824	<div><p>Dynamena crisioides Lamouroux, 1824</p><p>(Figure 7G, H)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>10 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34/lat 24.316)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.316°N, 110.340°W; depth 0–3 m; 14 September 2017; on barnacles and rock; ECO-CH-Z 11755 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1991)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, alternately branched, divided into internodes by transverse nodes. Basal athecate internode separated from the thecatae internodes by a transverse node; thecate internodes, each with a proximal apophysis, an axillary hydrotheca, and two pairs of subopposite hydrothecae. Hydrocladia unbranched, resembling cauline internodes. Hydrothecae only contiguous in front of internodes, separated across back, adcauline wall convex, curved outwards, abcauline wall concave except for basal part. Hydrothecal margin with two large rounded lateral cusps and a smaller median adcauline cusp. Operculum formed by two valves, a large abcauline and a smaller adcauline.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California Sur (Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020), this report constituting the only two records for the gulf. In the MP, it has been recorded from the coasts of Guerrero and Oaxaca (Fraser 1938a, 1948; Humara-Gil and Cruz-Gómez 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB0BB7BFE26FF4AFDEBFB9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB0BB78FE5FFBC8FCB0FCBB.text	03D38303FFB0BB78FE5FFBC8FCB0FCBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dynamena disticha (Bosc 1802)	<div><p>Dynamena disticha (Bosc, 1802)</p><p>(Figure 7I, J)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>3 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Diablo, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.316°, 110.340°W; depth 0–1 m; 7 May 2017; on rock; ECO-CH-Z 11753 . – Several colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24.248°N, 110.150°W; depth 1–2 m; 20 July 2018; on the alga Gracilaria sp .; ECO-CH-Z 11767 . – 1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; El Califín, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.268" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.616/lat 24.268)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.268°N, 110.616°W; depth 0.5–2 m; 25 May 2018; on the alga Sargassum horridum; ECO-CH-Z 11782 . – Several colonies, polyp, without gonophores; El Califín, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.268" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.616/lat 24.268)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.268°N, 110.616°W; depth 0.5–2 m; 4 September 2018; on the alga Codium brandegeei; ECO-CH-Z 11781 . – 1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Agua de Yepiz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.63&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.63/lat 24.288)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.288°N, 110.630°W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; on the alga Sargassum sp .; ECO-CH-Z 11786 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1991; Miranda et al. 2011)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, unbranched, divided into internodes by oblique nodes. Basal athecate separated from the thecate internodes by an oblique node; thecate internodes with 1–3 pairs of opposite hydrothecae. Hydrothecae only contiguous in front of internodes, separated across back, parts of adcauline wall nearly straight and parallel to internodes, free part convex, curved outwards; abcauline wall concave except for basal part. Hydrothecal margin with two large rounded lateral cusps and a smaller median adcauline cusp. Operculum formed by two valves, a large abcauline and a smaller adcauline.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California in Baja California and Baja California Sur (Fraser 1938b, 1948; Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020) and for the rest of the gulf in Nayarit (Fraser 1948). In the MP, it has been recorded off the coasts of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Guerrero, and Oaxaca (Fraser 1938a, 1938c, 1948).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A colony of the labelled sample PD_6 exhibited second-order branching, a morphological variation previously recorded for D. disticha (Calder 1991) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB0BB78FE5FFBC8FCB0FCBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB3BB79FEF7FCE4FD63FE90.text	03D38303FFB3BB79FEF7FCE4FD63FE90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pasya quadridentata (Ellis and Solander 1786)	<div><p>Pasya quadridentata (Ellis and Solander, 1786)</p><p>(Figure 7K, L)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Several colonies, polyp, with gonophores; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24.248°, 110.150°W; depth 1–2 m; 20 July 2018; on the alga Codium simulans; ECO-CH-Z 11762 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1991; Miranda et al. 2011)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, unbranched, divided into internodes by distinct oblique nodes. Basal athecate internodes separated from the thecate internodes by an oblique node; thecate internodes with 1–3 pairs of opposite hydrothecae. Hydrothecae contiguous and continuous in front of internodes, separated across back. Proximal pair of a group curved outwards with hydrothecal axes oblique to internodal axis, distal pair more straight; adnate parts of adcauline wall straight, free part convex; abcauline wall concave except for basal part. Hydrothecal margin with two large rounded lateral cusps and a smaller median adcauline cusp. Operculum formed by two valves, a large abcauline and a smaller adcauline. Gonotheca with six rounded, transverse ridges, arising by short pedicels from hydrocaulus just beneath the hydrotheca on the first thecate internode.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California (Fraser 1938c), making it a new record for the south-western gulf in Baja California Sur. In the MP, it has been recorded from Baja California and Baja California Sur (Fraser 1938a, 1948).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen fits the descriptions of the species Dynamena quadridentata . However, this paper maintains the assignment to the genus Pasya, based on robust molecular evidence (Moura et al. 2011) and the historical nomenclature of the taxon (Calder 2013). The genus Pasya requires revision to clarify its taxonomic status.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB3BB79FEF7FCE4FD63FE90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFB2BB79FE5AFD80FD2AF908.text	03D38303FFB2BB79FE5AFD80FD2AF908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia gracilis (M. Sars 1850)	<div><p>Clytia cf. gracilis (M. Sars, 1850)</p><p>(Figure 8A)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34/lat 24.316)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.316° N, 110.340°W; depth 9.75 m; 14 September 2017; on barnacles; ECO-CH-Z 11758 . – 1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.248" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.15/lat 24.248)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.316° N, 110.340°W; depth 9.75 m; 14 September 2017; on rock; ECO-CH-Z 11761; – 1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24.248°N, 110.150°W; depth 1–2 m; 20 July 2018; on undetermined algae; ECO-CH-Z 11771 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1991)</p><p>Colonies occasionally erect but mostly stolonal; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, unbranched or irregularly branched, each branch arising from a short curved apophysis. Pedicels annulated basally and distally and smooth in the middle. Hydrothecae cone-shaped, convex above the diaphragm, nearly straight elsewhere. Hydrothecal diaphragm straight, margin with 12–14 blunt, triangular cusps, slightly tilted.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California (Fraser 1938b, 1948; Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020) and for the rest of the gulf in Sonora and Nayarit (Fraser 1938a, 1948). In the MP, have been recorded from Baja California Sur, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, and Oaxaca (Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1938c, 1948; Salcedo-Martínez et al. 1988; Humara-Gil and Cruz-Gómez 2018).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens conform to the description of C. gracilis made by Calder (1991), except that the hydrotheca is short and that the cusps are not so inclined, characteristics previously described for MP specimens (Humara-Gil and Cruz-Gómez 2018; Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020). In this work, we adopted the name C. cf. gracilis because C. gracilis currently constitutes a complex of species with high morphological variation, and detailed studies on diagnostic characters, life cycles, and molecular data for the different recognised lineages are required (Cunha et al. 2017, 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFB2BB79FE5AFD80FD2AF908	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFADBB67FE23FAD0FB18FD71.text	03D38303FFADBB67FE23FAD0FB18FD71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus 1767)	<div><p>Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767)</p><p>(Figure 8B)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34/lat 24.316)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.316°N, 110.340°W; depth 0–3 m; 14 September 2017; on barnacles, bivalve, and rock; ECO-CH-Z 11754 . – 1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24.248°N, 110.150°W; depth 1–2 m; 20 July 2018; on the algae Condracanthus sp . And Hypnea spinella; ECO-CH-Z 11766 . – 2 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; El Mogote Sand Bar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.341&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.341/lat 24.159)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.159°N, 110.341°W; depth 0–2 m; 1 July 2019; on undetermined algae; ECO-CH-Z 11799 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1991)</p><p>Colonies stolonal; pedicels annulated basally and distally and smooth in the middle. Hydrothecae cone-shaped, walls convex just above the diaphragm, nearly straight elsewhere. Hydrothecal diaphragm straight, margin with 11–14 slender cusps separated by Ushaped incisions, with tips of cusps rounded. U-shaped pleat extending inwards into hydrothecal cavity. Gonotheca arising from hydrorhiza on short slender pedicels; gonothecal walls with distinct spiral ribs. Gonotheca with short tubular neck; distal end truncate.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously reported from the west coast of the Gulf of California, Baja California (Fraser 1938b), making it a new record for Baja California Sur. In the rest of the Gulf of California it has been recorded in Sonora (Fraser 1948) and in the MP in Baja California, Baja California Sur, Colima, Jalisco, Oaxaca (Fraser 1938a, 1948), and Guerrero (Salcedo-Martínez et al. 1988).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFADBB67FE23FAD0FB18FD71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFACBB64FE55FCBEFCF2FE90.text	03D38303FFACBB64FE55FCBEFCF2FE90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia linearis (Thornely 1900)	<div><p>Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900)</p><p>(Figure 8C, D)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Diablo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.33995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.315971" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.33995/lat 24.315971)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24°18′ 57.5′′N, 110°20′23.8′′W; depth 0–1 m; 7 May 2017; on crustose coralline algae, the octocoral Leptogorgia, and rock; ECO-CH-Z 11749 . – Several colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24°14′52′′N, 110°08′59′′W; depth 1– 2 m; 20 July 2018; on the algae Padina sp ., Laurencia sp., and Chondracanthus and Bryozoa; ECO-CH-Z 11769 . – Several colonies, polyp, with gonophores; El Mogote Sand Bar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.34056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.158611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.34056/lat 24.158611)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24°09′31′′N, 110°20′26′′W; depth 0–2 m; 1 July 2019; on undetermined algae, ascidian, barnacles, Bryozoa, and the hydrocaulus of Macrorhynchia philippina; ECO-CH-Z 11794 . – 3 colonies, polyp, without gonophores; Agua de Yepiz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.63045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.287638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.63045/lat 24.287638)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24°17′15.5′′N, 110°37′49.6′′W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; on undetermined algae, Bryozoa, and octocoral; ECO-CH-Z 11785 .</p><p>Identification (after Calder 1991)</p><p>Colonies mostly erect but occasionally stolonal; hydrocaulus sympodial when present, monosiphonic, divided into annulated basal internodes, each supporting a hydrothecal pedicel distally. All internodes except terminal ones with a short apophysis given off adjacent to the base of hydrothecal pedicel. Hydrothecal pedicels annulated basally and distally and smooth in the middle. Hydrothecae deeply campanulate, hydrothecal diaphragm straight, margin with about 11–14 sharp, deeply cut cusps, separated by Ushaped incisions, with V-shaped pleats extending inwards to hydrothecal cavity from each cusp. Gonotheca arising from the axil between hydrocaulus and pedicel. Wavy walls and constricted below margin. Gonothecal pedicels annulated throughout.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California (Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020) and for the rest of the gulf in Sinaloa (Álvarez-León and Wedler 1982). In the MP, it has been recorded from Baja California Sur (Calder 1996), Colima (Fraser 1948), Jalisco (Fraser 1938c), and Oaxaca (Humara-Gil and Cruz-Gómez 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFACBB64FE55FCBEFCF2FE90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFAFBB65FE4EFE04FC5BFF0A.text	03D38303FFAFBB65FE4EFE04FC5BFF0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(Figure 8E–G)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>3 colonies, polyp, with gonophores; Punta Diablo, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.316°N, 110.340°W; depth 0–1 m; 7 May 2017; on ascidian, the coral Tubastrea coccinea coccinea, and rock; ECO-CH-Z 11750. – 2 colonies, polyp, with gonophores; Punta Los Muertos, Baja California Sur, 24.248°N, 110.150°W; depth 1–2 m; 20 July 2018; on the algae Chondria arcuata and Dyctiota concresens; ECO-CH-Z 11763. – 6 colonies, polyp, with gonophores; Agua de Yepiz, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.288°N, 110.630°W; depth 0–1 m; 24 June 2018; on the alga Sargassum sp., coralline algae, other undetermined algae, ascidian, barnacles, and Bryozoa; ECO-CH-Z 11787. – 1 colony, polyp, with gonophores; Punta El Coyote, Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur, 26.721°N, 111.909°W; depth 0–1 m; 23 July 2018; on nylon rope; ECO-CH-Z 11783. – Several colonies, polyp, without gonophores; El Mogote Sand Bar, La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, 24.159°N, 110.341°W; depth 0–2 m; 1 July 2019; on undetermined algae, ascidian, and hydrocaulus of Clytia linearis and Pennaria disticha; ECO-CH-Z 11795.</p><p>Identification (after Cornelius 1990; Calder 1991)</p><p>Colonies erect; hydrocaulus monosiphonic, sympodial, branched, divided into internodes, annulated basally, each supporting a pedicel distally and distal alternating apophysis. Hydrothecal pedicels annulated throughout. Hydrothecae campanulate, with nearly straight walls, margin entire and slightly flared. Hydrothecal diaphragm oblique. Gonothecae arising either from hydrothecal apophysis or hydrothecal pedicel, truncate distally with a tubular neck. Gonothecal pedicels annulated throughout.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Previously recorded on the west coast of the Gulf of California (Aguirre-Hinojosa and Bückle-Ramírez 1992; Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020) and for the rest of the gulf in Sonora (Brusca 2020). In the MP, it has been recorded in Baja California, Guerrero, Jalisco, and Oaxaca (Fraser 1938a, 1948; Humara-Gil and Cruz-Gómez 2018; Brusca 2020; Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The traditional concept of O. dichotoma (cf. Cornelius 1995) comprises multiple cryptic lineages (Calder 2013; Calder et al. 2014; Cunha et al. 2017, 2020). However, the taxonomic determination was based on previous descriptions in the MP (Mendoza-Becerril et al. 2020).</p><p>Superorder SIPHONOPHORAE Eschscholtz, 1829</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFAFBB65FE4EFE04FC5BFF0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
03D38303FFAEBB62FE35FE96FE21FC23.text	03D38303FFAEBB62FE35FE96FE21FC23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physalia utriculus (Gmelin 1788)	<div><p>Physalia cf. utriculus (Gmelin, 1788)</p><p>(Figure 9A, B)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 colony; Balandra Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.324165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.320278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.324165/lat 24.320278)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24°19′13′′N, 110°19′27′′W; water surface; 2016; photograph . – 1 colony; Tarabillas Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.477" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.687/lat 24.477)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.477°N, 110.687°W; water surface; 9 November 2017; field observation . – 1 colony; Balandra Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.324&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.32" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.324/lat 24.32)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.320°N, 110.324°W; water surface; 24 April 2015; photograph . – 1 colony; El Tecolote Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.341" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.306/lat 24.341)">La Paz Bay</a>, Baja California Sur, 24.341°N, 110.306°W; stranded on the beach; 27 February 2021; ECO-CH-Z 11803 .</p><p>Identification (after Yanagihara et al. 2002)</p><p>Colony with a triangular, gas-filled pneumatophore that allows it to float. Pneumatophore formed by a transparent to blue membrane and pneumatosaccus invaginated in the apical region. Polymorphic organisms of blue colouration, attached to the pneumatophore and organised in gastrozooids that lack tentacles, gonodendron bears reproductive structures and several elongated and coiled tentacle palpons. A single fishing tentacle is present.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>New record for the west coast of the Gulf of California. The genus has been recorded on the north-east coast of the MP (Gómez-Aguirre 1991).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>It is impossible to corroborate whether the records of P. physalis from the north-east coast of the MP by Gómez-Aguirre (1991) correspond to P. utriculus because there is no morphological or cnidome description of the specimens. In addition, it was impossible to access the specimens since they were not found in the place where they were deposited by Gómez-Aguirre (M.E. Hendrickx, personal communication, 1 August 2018). There is morphological evidence in the literature that distinguishes the two species, although the most mentioned is the presence of a single fishing tentacle in P. utriculus and multiple tentacles in P. physalis; moreover, the cnidome and colony size between species are different (Table 3) (Hulet et al. 1974; Fenner et al. 1993; Yanagihara et al. 2002; Bardi and Marques 2007; Gershwin et al. 2010). Even the discharge of the nematocysts is different between species according to the solution employed (Wilcox et al. 2017), and the symptoms caused by the sting differ (Cegolon et al. 2013). In agreement with morphological, cnidome and distributional evidence, it is suggested that the species reported from the MP in this study is P. cf. utriculus . Indeed, from 2016 to date, at different times of the year in La Paz Bay, the same morphotype has been observed. Molecular data must be incorporated to define the related species, including specimens from the Atlantic Ocean.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D38303FFAEBB62FE35FE96FE21FC23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Estrada-González, Mariae C.;Agüero, José;Mendoza-Becerril, María A.	Estrada-González, Mariae C., Agüero, José, Mendoza-Becerril, María A. (2023): Medusozoans from the Mexican Pacific: a review based on historical literature and recent observations. Journal of Natural History 57 (1): 784-853, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2214967
