identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D087866C6CFFD7CF398656FE9D9B94.text	03D087866C6CFFD7CF398656FE9D9B94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherigona clavata Deeming 2019	<div><p>Atherigona (sensu stricto) clavata sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 3–4.</p> <p>MATERIAL. — Holotype Male (dry-mounted with abdomen in a van Doesburg tube of glycer-</p> <p>ine pinned under specimen; dorsum of thorax rubbed and denuded; hind legs missing), labelled MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa Prov., Ranomafana, JIRAMA waterworks, 21̊14.31′S 47̊ 27.13′E, alt. 690m, 15-21.xii.2001, Malaise trap near river, R. Harin’Hala, Code MA-02-09D-07, CASLOT 020373, Deposited in the California Academy of Sciences.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. — Colouration: All setae and setulae black; dusting on dark parts grey; head and antenna black, yellow on face, parafacialia, gena, lower occiput and palpus; thorax black, yellow on postpronotal lobe, proepisternum and extreme fore margin of anepisternum, hind margin of meron, greater ampulla, tegula, basicosta and haltere; wing veins brown, becoming paler towards base; legs yellow but fore leg infuscate on apical three fifths of fore femur except for extreme apex,</p> <p>on apical three fifths of fore tibia and on entire fore tarsus; abdomen yellow in ground colour with a pair of large oval black markings occupying 0.8 times length of tergite 3 and a smaller more rounded pair occupying one third of length of tergite 4; surstylus infuscate on the narrowed apical part and lobes of trifoliate process black, the stem brownish yellow.</p> <p>Head: Ocellar triangle, fronto-orbits and occiput lightly dusted throughout; ocellar setae long, longer than orbitals and postocellars.</p> <p>Thorax: Bases of the three katepisternal setae forming an isosceles triangle; two strong proepisternal setae, the more posteriorly-situated the longer; one weaker proepimeral.</p> <p>Legs: Fore tarsus lacking specialized structure or chaetotaxy.</p> <p>Wing: Hyaline throughout.</p> <p>Abdomen: Hypopygial prominence absent; trifoliate process (Fig. 3) clavate in lateral aspect, with base of median lobe very broad, the stem one quarter of the length of the abdomen when macerated; surstylus (Fig. 4) much deeper than is usual.</p> <p>Length: c. 2.4mm, of wing 2.5mm.</p> <p>Female: unknown.</p> <p>AFFINITIES. — This species shares with the afrotropical species Atherigona tetrastigma Pater-</p> <p>son, A. alticola Deeming, A. haplopyga van Emden, A. maliensis Dike and A. mambillaensis Deeming the lack of a hypopygial prominence, but differs from all of them in the peculiar structure of the trifoliate process, which is similar in structure to that of A. latibasilaris Muller, 2015 from South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), but that species has a bifurcate hypopygial prominence and yellow interfrontalia.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The Latin specific name describes the trifoliate process, which in profile resembles a club.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087866C6CFFD7CF398656FE9D9B94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Deeming, John C.	Deeming, John C. (2019): Atherigonini (Diptera: Muscidae) from Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 66 (4): 87-98, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13157120
03D087866C62FFD8CF398593FDF39BB9.text	03D087866C62FFD8CF398593FDF39BB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherigona	<div><p>Atherigona (s.s.) dikei sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 7–9.</p> <p>MATERIAL. — HOLOTYPE: Male (dry-mounted and in good condition) labelled MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa Prov., Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge.21̊15.05′S 47̊04.43′E, alt 130. 1 m, Malaise trap in mixed tropical forest, 15-21.xii.2001, R. Harin’Hala, Code MA-02-09B-07, CASLOT 020383. Deposited in the California Academy of Sciences. PARATYPES: Fianarantsoa Prov., Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, alt. 1130m, 21̊15.05′S 47̊24.43′E, 15-21.xii.2001, R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap in mixed tropical forest. MA-02-09B-07, CASLOT 020383. 42 Males. 26-31.iii.2002, MA-02-09B-22, CASLOT 020409. 10 Males.</p> <p>Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana, Vohiparara, at broken bridge, alt. 1110m, 25.v.- 4.vi.2002, 21̊13.57′S 47̊22.19′E, R.Harin’Hala, Malaise trap in high altitude rainforest, MA-02- 09A-30, CASLOT 020400. 3 Males. 15-25.vii.2002, 21̊13.57′S 47̊22.19′E, MA-02-09A-35 CASLOT 020385. 2 Males. Province Fianarantsoa, Parc Nat. Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 1020m, 21̊15.99′S 47̊25.21′E, 26.ii-4.iii.2002, R. Harin’Hala, Malaise trap in secondary -tropi cal forest MA-02-09C18, CASLOT 020376. 1 Male.</p> <p>Fifteen paratypes in National Museum of Wales.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. — Colouration: All setae and setulae black; dusting on dark parts grey; head and antenna black, yellow on face, parafacialia, gena and palpus; thorax black, yellow on postpronotal lobe and proepisternum; scutum with three barely perceptible darker longitudinal lines, these being medially and on dorsocentral lines; legs yellow, fore femur infuscate on a preapical band occupying one third of its length, the knee narrowly yellow, the tibia and tarsus infuscate throughout; wing hyaline with brown veins becoming yellow at base and with squamae pale yellow; haltere yellow.</p> <p>Head: Fronto-facial angle more acute than a right angle, parafacialia at point of insertion of antenna four times as wide as at narrowest point.</p> <p>Thorax: Two proepisternal setae, of which the lower is only two thirds of the length of the upper and much weaker, the two prostigmaticals much shorter and weaker than these. The lowersituated of the three katepisternal setae very much the weaker and situated much closer to the more posterior of the two upper setae.</p> <p>Legs: Fore tarsus lacking specialized structure or chaetotaxy.</p> <p>Wing: Not unusual in any way.</p> <p>Abdomen: Not unusual in any way. Hypopygial prominence (Fig. 7) weakly bifurcate in dorsal aspect, in profile the two lobes somewhat pointing downwards. Trifoliate process (Figs. 8–9) black with the membrane sepatating the lateral lobes pale grey, large and triangular, so that the base of the median lobe is situated very much below the bases of the lateral lobes, the lateral lobes on their inner surfaces bearing a lattice-shaped paler pattern and sparse fine pruinosity, on their outer surfaces bearing a stronger, but not longer, compact pruinosity.</p> <p>Length: c.3.0mm, of wing 3.0mm.</p> <p>Female: unknown.</p> <p>AFFINITIES. — In Dike′s 1989 key this species would trace to A. angustiloba van Emden, but differs from it in that the hypopygial prominence is weakly bifurcate, rather than roundedly truncate, and the trifoliate process has the peculiar interval of space between the insertion of the medial and lateral lobes, which A. angustiloba has not.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — This species is dedicated to the memory of my late friend and colleague Prof.</p> <p>Michael C. Dike of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru of the Ahmadu Bello Universi-</p> <p>ty, Nigeria. A fellow shootfly enthusiast who described a number of species of Atherigona, he was tragically killed in a traffic accident in 2015.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087866C62FFD8CF398593FDF39BB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Deeming, John C.	Deeming, John C. (2019): Atherigonini (Diptera: Muscidae) from Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 66 (4): 87-98, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13157120
03D087866C63FFDBCF398593FDAC9C99.text	03D087866C63FFDBCF398593FDAC9C99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atherigona	<div><p>Atherigona (s.s.) lamina sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 5–6; Photo 2.</p> <p>MATERIAL. — HOLOTYPE:</p> <p>Male (dry-mounted and in good condition) labelled MADAGAS-</p> <p>CAR: Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana, Vohipara, at broken bridge, 21̊13.57′S</p> <p>47̊22.19′E, alt. 1110m, 25.v.-</p> <p>4.vi.2002, Malaise trap in high altitude rainforest, R. Harin’</p> <p>Hala, Code MA-02-09A-30,</p> <p>CASLOT 020400. Deposited in the California Academy of Sciences. PARATYPES: Fiarantsoa</p> <p>Prov., Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge</p> <p>21̊15.05′S 47̊4.43′E, alt. 1130m,</p> <p>15-21.xii.2001, Malaise trap in mixed tropical forest, R. Harin’Hala, MA-02-09B-07, CAS</p> <p>LOT 020383. 48 males. 26-</p> <p>31.iii.2002, MA-02-09B-22,</p> <p>PHOTO 2. Atherigona lamina sp. nov. NMW: Paratype; Male; Desig. J C. CASLOT 020409. 6 Males.</p> <p>Deeming; ' Madagascar: Fianarantsoa Prov., Ranomofana Nat. park, Belle Vue Fiarantsoa Prov., Parc National at Talatakely'; 1020m; Coll.: R. Harin 'Hala; Date: 26.ii-4.iii. 2002; Malaise Ranomafana, Vohipara, at broken trap bridge, 21̊ 13.57′S 47̊22.19′E, alt 10. m 11, 25.v.-4.vi.2002, Malaise trap in high altitude rainforest,</p> <p>R. Harin’Hala, MA-02-09A-30, CASLOT 020400.1 Male. 16.x-8.xi.2001, MA-02-09A-01, CASLOT 020396. 2 Males. 19-26.ii.2002, MA-02-09A-17, CASLOT 020374. 1 Male. Parc National Ranomafana. Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21̊ 15.99′S 47̊25.21′E, alt. 1020m, 26.ii-4.iii.2002, Malaise trap in secondary tropical forest, R. Harin’Hala. MA-02-09C-18, CASLOT 020376.</p> <p>3 males. Tulear Prov., Andohahela Nat’l. Park, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24̊6.21′S 46̊37.60′E, alt. 180m, 28.i-12.ii.2004, Malaise trap in transitional forest, M. Irwin, F. Parker and R. Harin’Hala, MA-02-09C-18, CASLOT 020376. 3 Males. 15-28.i.2004, MA-02-20-52, CASLOT 020397.</p> <p>2 Males. In California Academy of Sciences with some paratypes in National Museum of Wales.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. — Colouration: All setae and setulae black. Head, inclusive of antenna, black, yellow on inferior orbits, face, parafacialia, gena, palpus and suffusedly on lower occiput, the black parts greyish dusted, appearing deeper black on median third of occiput, the yellow parts yellow dusted. Thorax black, yellow on postpronotal lobe, prosternum, and anterior one third of anepisternum, the scutum and scutellum grey dusted, the former with faintly visible darker medial and dorsocentral vittae; pleura yellow on prosternum and anterior one third of anepisternum and with darker parts yellowish grey dusted. Legs, including coxae yellow, the fore leg infuscate on apical two thirds of length of tibia and on tarsus. Wing hyaline with yellowish brown veins, the base up to basicosta clear yellow; squamae pale with yellow margins; haltere white with a yellow stem. Abdomen yellow, tergite 3 with a pair of long rectangular black markings occupying all but its apex; tergite 4 with a pairs of oval; black spots occupying one half of its length; trifoliate process black throughout.</p> <p>Head: Fronto-facial angle slightly more than a right angle; parafacialia at narrowest part linear, no wider than the vibrissa.</p> <p>Thorax: Proepisternum with two strong setae, one twice the length of the other; two very short and weak proepimeral setulae; katepisternum with the three large setae forming an isosceles triangle, the lower seta situated equidistant to the two upper setae.</p> <p>Legs: Fore tarsus lacking specialized structure or chaetotaxy.</p> <p>Wing: Not unusual in any way.</p> <p>Abdomen: Hypopygial prominence (Fig. 5) consisting of a broad truncate apex that is roundedly trapezoid in shape, which in dorsal aspect is nearly three times as broad as the stem and which in profile extending dorsally above the stem. Trifoliate process (Fig. 6) with lateral lobes somewhat incurved apically, in profile the medial lobe seen as broad, especially so at base, and bearing a few short apical setae.</p> <p>Length: c. 2.3mm, of wing 2.2mm.</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The name is derived from the Latin lamina, a sword blade.</p> <p>AFFINITIES. — This species would trace to A. longifolia van Emden in Dike′s 1989 key, differing from it in the structure of the hypopygial prominence and trifoliate process. In A. longifolia the hypopygial prominence is truncate knob-shaped and is scarcely wider at apex than it is at base. Also the lobes of the trifoliate process are all long and slender, the median lobe being boomerang-shaped when viewed in profile. The trifoliate process of A. lamina has a similar appearance to that of another Madagascan species, A. alaotrana Dike, the lateral lobes converging towards their apices, but that species has the median lobe in profile almost straight, the hypopygial prominence is a simple knob, extending longer ventrally than dorsally, so that the apical surface is of an inclination of about 45̊ (see Dike 1989:547, figs. 1 and 2) and its fore leg black only on tarsus.</p> <p>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</p> <p>I am indebted to Drs. M.J. Ebejer (Cowbridge), A. Leviton (San Francisco), Dr. V. Michelsen (Copenhagen), and two anonymous reviewers for their kind suggestions and useful advice in the preparation of this paper.</p> <p>REFERENCES</p> <p>COURI, M.C., A.C. PONT, AND N.D. PENNY. 2006. Muscidae from Madagascar: Identification Keys, Descriptions of New Species, and New Records. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57 (29): 799–923.</p> <p>DEEMING, J.C. 1971. Some species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera, Muscidae) from northern Nigeria, with special reference to those injurious to cereal crops. Bulletin of Entomological Research 61: 133–190.</p> <p>DEEMING, J.C. 1987. Some new and little known species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) from the Malgasian Subregion. Entomologist′s Monthly Magazine 123: 15–25.</p> <p>DIKE, M.C. 1989. A key for the identification of Afrotropical species of the shoot-fly subgenus Atherigona of Atherigona (Diptera: Muscidae), with a description of some new species from Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 79: 545–566.</p> <p>HENNIG, W. 1964 [1963b]. Muscidae. Erste Hälfte. Vol. 7. 624 pp. + 31 plates. In E. Lindner, ed., Die Fliegen der Palaearktishen Region. Stuttgart, Germany.</p> <p>MULLER, B.S. 2015. Illustrated key and systematics of male South African Atherigona s. str. (Diptera: Muscidae). African Invertebrates 56 (3): 845–918.</p> <p>PONT, A.C. 1986. Family Muscidae. Pages 57–215 in Á. Soós and L. Papp, eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Scathophagidae — Hypodermatidae. Vol. 11, 346 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands.</p> <p>PONT, A.C. 1997. The Muscidae and Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera) described by C.R.W. Wiedemann. Steenstrupia 23: 87–122.</p> <p>RAMACHANDRA RAO, Y. 1924. The genitalia of certain Anthomyiad flies (Atherigona spp.). Report of Proceedings of the 5 th. Entomological Meeting at Pusa, pp. 330–335.</p> <p>SKIDMORE, P. 1985. The biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica Vol. 29, xiv + 550 pp.</p> <p>VAN EMDEN, F.I. 1940. Muscidae: B- Coenosiinae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934-35, 2: 91–225, British Museum (Natural History), London, UK.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087866C63FFDBCF398593FDAC9C99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Deeming, John C.	Deeming, John C. (2019): Atherigonini (Diptera: Muscidae) from Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 66 (4): 87-98, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13157120
