identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D0961AFFAB7017FF0DD022FE03F95F.text	03D0961AFFAB7017FF0DD022FE03F95F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neea Ruiz & Pav.	<div><p>Neea Ruiz &amp; Pav. is one of the largest genera in the family  Nyctaginaceae and comprises ca. 80 species (Douglas and Spellenberg 2010) that are distributed in diverse habitats in the Neotropics, from wet rainforests to savanna formations (Aymard-Corredor 2021).</p><p>Despite being a large genus in  Nyctaginaceae, representatives of  Neea are less abundant compared to other megadiverse tree groups in the Neotropics (e.g.  Eschweilera Mart. ex DC.,  Inga Mill.,  Protium Burm.f.) (Ter Steege et al. 2013). Moreover, the genus is notoriously known to be one of the most taxonomically difficult among neotropical flowering plant genera (Standley 1931; Rossetto et al. 2019; Douglas and Spellenberg 2010; Aymard-Corredor 2021). This notoriety can be attributed to the difficulty of finding unique, consistent combinations of morphological characters on herbarium specimens (see Standley 1931; Steyermark 1987; Douglas and Spellenberg 2010; Harling 2010; Aymard-Corredor 2021). Therefore, it is understandable that, for many groups of species in the genus, conventional morphology-based approaches may not be sufficient. Thus, alternative methods to gather evidence to aid species delimitation/identification have proven useful in resolving, recognizing, and understanding complexes and groups with confusing taxonomy (Durgante et al. 2013; Prata et al. 2018; Costa et al. 2023). One of these methods that has proven valid for  Neea is near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) (Costa et al. 2023).</p><p>While revising the collections of  Neea at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz^onia herbarium (INPA), we observed specimens previously identified as  Neea oppositifolia Ruiz &amp; Pav. that, after careful morphological and spectral analyses, were found to comprise a different taxon and are here described as a new species. Together with the description, a key to the species of Amazonas state is given.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0961AFFAB7017FF0DD022FE03F95F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Costa, Daniel da S.;Rossetto, Elson Felipe S.;Giacomin, Leandro L.	Costa, Daniel da S., Rossetto, Elson Felipe S., Giacomin, Leandro L. (2025): Neea contracta (Nyctaginaceae), a New Species from Amazonia. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 49 (4): 743-748, DOI: 10.1600/036364424X17323182682735, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364424x17323182682735
03D0961AFFAB7013FCE8D429FBE9FF69.text	03D0961AFFAB7013FCE8D429FBE9FF69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neea contracta D. S. Costa & E. F. S. Rossetto 2025	<div><p>Neea contracta D.S.Costa &amp; E.F.S.Rossetto,  sp. nov. TYPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, Manaus-Itacoatiara, Km 26. Floresta de Vertente, 2 52 9 60.00”S, 59 58 9 0.00 99 W, 07 Nov 1996 (fl), M.R. Mesquita 14 (holotype: INPA!, isotypes: IAC, L, MO!, NY!, RB!, SP!)</p><p>Neea contracta can be distinguished from other Brazilian species of  Neea by the following unique combination of characters: non-woody short peduncles (0.8–1.5 cm long), reduced rachis (3–6 mm long), inflorescence branched up to one time, and pistillate flowers with subcylindrical perianths.</p><p>Shrub or tree, 1.5–8 m tall. Bark smooth, grayish brown, lenticillate; inner bark and sapwood yellowish, oxidizing fast; branches cylindrical and dichotomously branching, grayish, glabrescent. Leaves opposite and subopposite, drying blackish; petiole 0.4–(0.8 6 0.3)–1.5 3 ca. 0.2 cm, glabrous; blades 5.8–(8 6 2)–13 3 2.5–(3 6 0.8)– 5.5 cm, elliptic or obovate, consistency chartaceous, surface smooth and glabrous; base symmetric, acute or attenuate; apex acuminate or cuspidate; margin entire. Midvein pinnate, abaxially and adaxially prominent or impressed; secondary veins brochidodromous, in 6–(7.5 6 1)–10 pairs, abaxially and adaxially impressed or prominent, at an angle of 93–95, regularly spaced; intersecondary veins, 1 cm apart from the secondary veins, approximately 1 per intercostal area; tertiary veins ramified. Inflorescences cymes, 1-branched (see Fig. 1B), 1–(1.5 6 0.5)– 2.3 cm long, terminal or axillary, erect; peduncles 0.8–(1 6 0.2)–1.5 3 ca. 0.2 cm, non woody, erect, glabrous to sparsely puberulous with reddish trichomes; bracts at base of inflorescence 1–2 mm long, deltoid, glabrous to sparsely puberulous with reddish trichomes getting more dense in the ventral portion, commonly caducous; rachis 3–(5 6 1)– 6 mm long, glabrous to sparsely puberulous with reddish trichomes, primary branches bifurcating (dichasial), bearing 2–3 flowers in a terminal dichasium, reaching a maximum of 7 mm long on the basal portion and absent on the apical portion of the inflorescence, with the flowers growing on the distal portion of the primary axes and developing on the rachis near the apex of the inflorescence (see Fig. 1B); bracteoles 1–3 per flower, often irregular, 1–(2 6 1)– 3 mm long, deltoid, glabrous. Staminate buds and flowers not observed. Pistillate flowers 4–(6 6 2)–9 3 1–(1.2 6 1)– 2 mm, subcylindrical, glabrous, with a constriction in the middle portion of perianth, perianth 5-lobed, the lobes deltoid, with ventral surface papillate, slightly erect at apex, ovary ellipsoid to ovoid; style 2.5–(3.3 6 0.7)– 4.1 mm long; stigma lacerate; staminodia 5–6. Infructescences erect, 1.3–(2.7 6 0.2)– 3 cm long, glabrous. Fruit an anthocarp, 1–(1.5 6 0.3)–2 3 0.6–(1 6 0.3)– 1.5 cm, ellipsoid, glabrous; apical cupule 0.2–(0.3 6 0)– 0.3 mm, 5-lobed.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat —  Neea contracta is known from central Amazonian Brazil, in the municipalities of Manaus and Rio Preto da Eva (Amazonas State) (Fig. 2). The species grows in terra firme forests (non-flooded) on sandy or clayish soils, at 63–95 m above sea level.</p><p>Etymology —The epithet refers to the reduced branches of the inflorescence, giving it a contracted aspect.</p><p>Notes —Based on morphological characters and the geographical distribution,  Neea contracta is morphologically similar to  N. parviflora and  N. oppositifolia, both of which also have the inflorescence with a congested appearance.</p><p>Neea parviflora is also an Amazonian species (Fig. 2) and, besides the inflorescence aspect, it shares several vegetative and reproductive characteristics with  N. contracta (e.g. shape of the leaves, dimensions of the peduncle, insertion of the inflorescence, and length of the bracteoles) and we consider it to be the most morphologically similar species. However,  N. contracta can be distinguished from  N. parviflora by the indumentum of the leaves (glabrous vs. softly and densely puberulent with purple-red trichomes), length of the bracts (1–2 mm long vs. 2.5–7 mm long), disposition of flowers on the terminal inflorescence branches (flowers borne in a dichasium, on the distal portion of the primary branches and rachis vs. flowers in a packed sessile monochasium, with glomerule like aspect), pubescence of pistillate flowers (glabrous vs. softly pilose in basal region) and length of the anthocarps (1–2 cm long vs. 0.5 cm long).</p><p>Neea contracta can be easily distinguished from  N. oppositifolia based on the peduncle indumentum (glabrous vs. pubescent), inflorescence disposition (erect vs. pendulous), length of the inflorescence branches (up to 7 mm long vs. 12–25 mm long), inflorescence ramification (1-branched vs. 2–manybranched), bracteole indumentum (glabrous vs. pubescent), and length of the apical cupule of the anthocarps (0.2–0.3 mm long vs. 1–2.5 mm long).</p><p>Previous studies have demonstrated the efficiency of NIRS at delimiting species of  Neea (Costa et al. 2023) . The correct prediction rate in our discriminant model (cross validations) for all species was 80%. In this discriminant model, no incorrect prediction was recorded for  Neea contracta (100% correct predictions); for  N. oppositifolia the percentage of correct predictions was 89% (two specimens were incorrectly predicted as  N. parviflora), while for  N. parviflora the percentage of correct predictions was 67% (two specimens were incorrectly predicted as  N. oppositifolia) (Fig. 3).</p><p>Additional Specimens Examined—   Brazil. — AMAZONAS:  Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, area proxima a torre, 2 53 9 0.00”S, 59 57 9 60.00 99 W, 06 May 1995 (fr), C. A. Sothers &amp; E. C. Pereira 429 (IAN!, INPA!, MBM, NY) ;   Humaita,  Br 319, Manaus-Porto Velho, a 15 km de Humaita 7 39 9 60.00”S, 62 59 9 60.00 99 W, 10 Apr 1985 (fl), C. A. C. Ferreira 5401 (INPA!) ;   Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, estrada de acesso, 2 53 9 0.00”S, 59 58 9 0.00 99 W, 08 Apr 1988 (fr), J. P. Santos &amp; R. P. Lima 896 (INPA!, R, US) ;   Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, Igarape do Acara, 2 53 9 0.00”S, 59 57 9 60.00 99 W, 06 Jan 1977 (fr), M. F. Silva &amp; D. Co^elho</p><p>2018 (INPA!);   Rio Preto da Eva, AM-010,  Estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, km-118, ramal do Procopio (DERAM), Igarape do Procopio, 2 45 9 0.00”S, 59 24 9 0.00 99 W, Apr 1976 (fr), O. P. Monteiro &amp; J. Ramos 669 (INPA!) ;   Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, Floresta de vertente, 2 53 9 0.00”S, 59 57 9 60.00 99 W, 17 Jan 1997 (fr), P. A. C. L. Assunç ~ ao &amp; E. C. Pereira 449 (INPA, NY, R, SP) ;   Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, Q. XVI, 2 53 9 0.00”S, 59 57 9 60.00 99 W, 07 May 1966 (fr), W. A. Rodrigues &amp; D. Coelho 7808 (FUEL!, INPA!)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0961AFFAB7013FCE8D429FBE9FF69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Costa, Daniel da S.;Rossetto, Elson Felipe S.;Giacomin, Leandro L.	Costa, Daniel da S., Rossetto, Elson Felipe S., Giacomin, Leandro L. (2025): Neea contracta (Nyctaginaceae), a New Species from Amazonia. Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 49 (4): 743-748, DOI: 10.1600/036364424X17323182682735, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364424x17323182682735
