taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D0FC39F748FFB3FF18FD02FC7E2ABC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized crane flies with wing length ranging from 3.5 to 9.5 mm. General body coloration from brownish-yellow to brown, gray or nearly black. Antennae 16 – segmented, simple, flagellomere with ring of verticils at base. Wing generally wide, usually without any darker marks except indistinct stigma. Posterior wing margin with large, nearly right-angled cell a 2. Male terminalia with ninth tergite transverse, ninth sternite separated from tergite; gonocoxite elongate, cylindrical, often with rounded setose mesal lobe; two pairs of terminal gonostyli. Lower pair of gonostyli usually darkened, strongly sclerotised. Ovipositor with straight or slightly arched cercus, lower margin of cercus straight or saw-shaped.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74BFFB1FF18FF24FC372A58.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is a medium-sized crane fly. Body generally brownish gray dorsally and yellowish ventrally. Wings milky with indistinct light brown stigma. Ninth tergite of male genitalia with two small bumps on posterior margin, outer gonostylus with small emargination at tip. Ovipositor with smooth, slightly arched cercus, which ends in a miniature hook.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74BFFB1FF18FF24FC372A58.taxon	description	Description. Based on dry-mounted specimens of both sexes. Body length: Males 3.6 – 4.2 mm; females 5.7 – 6.1 mm. Wing length: Males 4.75 – 5.60 mm; females 6.0 – 6.8 mm. Head. Head brownish gray or brown dorsally, light gray laterally and along the orbits. Antenna 16 – segmented, 0.82 – 1.05 mm in males, 0.92 – 1.25 mm in females. Scape nearly cylindrical, yellowish. Pedicel brownish gray, wider distally. Basal flagellar segments brownish gray, distal segments brown. Basal segments oval, distal three segments elongate. Apical segment approximately as long as penultimate. Verticils shorter than respective segments, slightly longer than whitish pubescence covering flagellomeres. Rostrum grayish yellow, covered with scarce grayish pruinosity. Palpus grayish yellow basally, brownish distally. Thorax. Overall ochreous. Antepronotum brown, covered with gray pruinosity. Mesonotal prescutum grayish yellow or gray with three confluent brown stripes. Median stripe broad and split longitudinally by narrow light median line. Mesonotal scutum brown with slightly lighter central part. Scutellum light gray with widely yellowish posterior margin. Mediotergite covered with dense light gray pruinosity, sometimes with darkened apex. Pleuron generally yellow, somewhat darkened frontally and slightly pruinose with gray. Wing subhyaline, milky. Stigma pale, nearly invisible. Wing venation typical for subgenus: discal cell closed, Rs very long and straight, anal angle big and nearly right-angled. Stem of haltere light gray with yellowish base. Knob slightly darkened apically. Haltere 0.62 – 0.95 mm long in males and 0.75 – 0.90 mm in females. Coxae yellow to yellowish brown, covered with gray pruinosity. Trochanters yellow to yellowish brown. Femur obscure yellow. Tibiae obscure yellow. Tarsi obscure yellow at base passing into brown distally. Male femur I: 4.15 – 4.75 mm long, II: 4.55 – 5.25 mm, III: 4.95 – 5.60 mm; tibiae I: 4.60 – 5.35 mm, II: 3.95 – 4.60 mm, III: 4.85 – 5.65 mm; tarsus I: 3.95 – 4.75 mm, II: 3.60 – 3.75 mm, III: 3.60 – 4.20 mm long. Female femur I: 4.40 – 5.00 mm long, II: 5.10 – 6.05 mm, III: 5.50 – 6.10 mm; tibiae I: 5.55 – 5.90 mm, II: 5.20 – 5.60 mm, III: 5.75 – 6.10 mm; tarsus I: 4.60 – 5.15 mm, II: 4.25 – 5.10 mm, III: 4.40 – 5.05 mm long. Claw with a single, slender subbasal spine. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites brown, covered with sparce gray pruinosity, the caudal margins narrowly light yellowish gray. Tergites covered with sparse yellowish setae. Basal sternites grayish yellow, subterminal sternites brown with light yellowish gray caudal margins. Hypopygium. Male genitalia yellow. Ninth tergite (Fig. 1) with two small bumps on posterioriorly and widely concave margin between them. Gonocoxite (Fig. 2) elongate, oval, having no extra lobes. Outer gonostylus slightly arched, bearing two small bumps at apex. Inner gonostylus fleshy, covered with scarce setae. Ovipositor yellow, covered with erect whitish setae. Cercus long, narrow with upturned apex and smooth ventral margin. Cercus distinctly longer than hypovalvae. Tip of cercus with microscopic hook. Hypovalvae apically with abundant sharp triangle microscopic teeth.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74BFFB1FF18FF24FC372A58.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is widely distributed in Asia. It is known from Southern Siberia (Russia), Mongolia, Korea, Japan, China and Philippines. It was found at altitudes between 640 m and 750 m in Taiwan (Fig. 15), but it is known from much wider range of altitudes in Korea, where it was found from 50 to 1500 m altitudes (Podenas & Byun, 2013). Larvae of this species were collected in fast running mountainnous streams with sandy or rocky bottoms. Adults are flying or hiding in nearby vegetation. Adult flies of this species are attracted to light (Podenas & Byun, 2013).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74BFFB1FF18FF24FC372A58.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. TAIWAN: Shishito (fflα % UAEdffi + ®), 25 May 1917, col. T. Shiraki, 1 ♂ (identified as Antocha javanensis by Alexander); Shishito, 26 May 1917, col. T. Shiraki, 2 ♂ (identified as Antocha javanensis by Alexander, one of them was designated as allotype of A. javanensis by Alexander); Kaohsiung: Shanping (ffi-), 640 m, J. Rawlins, C. Young, 23 – 31 March 1988, 1 ♂; Nantou Co Ren-Ai, Huei-Sun Forest Station (AEffiUae), 24.0891 N, 121.0294 E, 650 m, C. Young, 14 April 2011, 2 ♂; Nantou, Hweishun Forest Station, 750 m, C. Young, 19 August 1996, 1 ♂, 4 ♀. Also compared with determined specimens from adjacent regions including Holotype and other type specimens, which are listed in Podenas & Byun (2013).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74BFFB1FF18FF24FC372A58.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Antocha bifida was described by Alexander in 1924 a based on both male and female specimens collected in Hokkaido and Honshiu of Japan. This species is widely distributed in Eastern Palearctic and Oriental Regions. In more arid conditions with very cold winters on mainland such as in Mongolia, this is the only observed species of Antocha. In less harsh climate in Korea and Japan, A. bifida is the most common species found coexisting with other Antocha species (Torii, 1992; Podenas & Byun, 2013).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74AFFB7FF18FB71FB402BF6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is a medium-sized crane fly. General body coloration brownish gray to dark brown. Wings milky. Wing stigma light brown, rather indistinct in Taiwanese specimens, but distinct in specimens from Japan and Korea. Posterior margin of ninth tergite of male genitalia slightly sinuous without projections. Outer gonostylus blackened distally, tip split by small emargination with narrow inner bump and wide outer bump. Ovipositor with smooth, long, nearly parallel-sided and slightly arched cercus (Podenas & Byun, 2013).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74AFFB7FF18FB71FB402BF6.taxon	description	Description. Based on dry-mounted males. Body length: Males 3.5 – 3.9 mm. Wing length: Males 5.1 – 5.8 mm. Head. Head brown dorsally, lighter along eye margin and covered with dense gray pruinosity. Antenna 16 – segmented, 0.83 – 1.48 mm in males. Scape nearly cylindrical, yellowish brown. Pedicel brown, wider distally, narrower basally. Flagellum brown to dark brown. Flagellomeres oval, tapered toward apex. Distal flagellomere smaller than preceding segment. Verticils shorter than respective segments, slightly longer than whitish pubescence covering flagellomeres. Rostrum brownish yellow, covered with scarce grayish pruinosity. Palpus brown. Thorax. Generally brown with yellowish pleuron, covered with gray pubescence, denser on dorsal part. Antepronotum brown medially, yellowish laterally. Mesonotal prescutum grayish yellow with three confluent brown stripes. Median stripe broad, split longitudinally by narrow light median vita. Mesonotal scutum brown, hardly visible through dense gray, bluish-gray pruinosity. Scutellum with light brown median line and dark brown lateral parts, ground color nearly invisible through dense gray pruinosity. Mediotergite light brown, darker frontally with dark brown median line and covered with gray pruinosity, which is less dense compare to scutellum. Pleuron generally light brown, with indistinct darker and lighter spots. Pronotum laterally yellow, katepisternum ventrally dark brown. Wing subhyaline, milky. Stigma light brown, distinctly lighter than in specimens from Japan and Korea. Wing venation typical for subgenus: discal cell closed, elongate, Rs very long and straight, anal angle big and nearly right-angled. Stem of haltere yellow with whitish base. Knob slightly infuscated. Haltere 0.75 – 0.88 mm long in males. Coxae yellow just frontal coxa slightly infuscated frontally. Trochanters yellow with narrowly darkened distal margin. Legs obscure yellow to light brown. Tips of segments slightly infuscated. Distal ends of tarsi brown. Male femur I: 4.0 – 4.3 mm long, II: 4.25 – 4.60 mm, III: 4.9 – 5.3 mm; tibiae I: 4.7 – 4.9 mm, II: 4.4 – 4.8 mm, III: 5.5 – 5.8 mm; tarsus I: 4.0 – 4.5 mm, II: 3.5 – 4.3 mm, III: 3.9 – 4.5 mm long. Claw with a single, very slender subbasal spine. Abdomen. General color of abdomen brown. Five frontal segments somewhat lighter, brown, distal segments dark brown. Lateral and posterior margins of tergites and sternites grayish. Abdomen covered with sparse light erect setae. Hypopygium. Male genitalia brownish yellow. Ninth tergite (Fig. 3) simple, without additional lobes or structures, posterior margin nearly smooth, or slightly wavy. Gonocoxite (Fig. 4) elongate, oval, no extra lobes. Outer gonostylus slightly arched, blackened toward apex, bearing two small bumps at apex. Inner bump distinctly narrower than outer. Inner gonostylus fleshy, covered with scarce setae. Ovipositor. No female specimen was collected from Taiwan. Female specimens of this species from Korea with long, narrow cercus, smooth ventrally, rounded at tip. Cercus distinctly longer than hypogynial valvae (Podenas & Byun, 2013).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74AFFB7FF18FB71FB402BF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is known from Korea, Japan and Far East of Russia. It was found at altitudes from 1638 m to 2200 m in Taiwan (Fig. 16), but it is known from lower of altitudes of 200 – 800 m in Korea (Podenas & Byun, 2013). Larvae of this species were observed in fast running mountainnous streams with sandy or rocky bottoms. Adults are flying or hiding in nearby vegetation. Adult flies of this species are attracted to light (Podenas & Byun, 2013).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74AFFB7FF18FB71FB402BF6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. TAIWAN: Kaohsiung: TaoYuan HsiNanShan Shin-Shan-Lin-Tao, 23.05 N, 120.47 E, C. Young, 22 Apr. 2005, 1 ♂; Taoyuan Twp Tengjhih Pk, Mid-altitude Res. Inst., 23.0853 N, 120.7884 E, 1638 m, C. Young, 4 April 2011, 1 ♂; Taichung: Pilushi, 2200 m, R. Davidson, C. Young, J. Rawlins, 22 – 23 May 1988, 1 ♂. Also compared with determined specimens from adjacent regions including Holotype and other type specimens, which are listed in Podenas & Byun (2013).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74AFFB7FF18FB71FB402BF6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Antocha gracillima was described by Alexander in 1924 b based on single male specimen collected in Honshiu of Japan. Female specimen of this species was first described from Japan by Torii (1992). Specimens of Antocha gracillima from Taiwan exhibit different from type specimens and from study specimens from Korea and Japan. The most noticeable difference is that specimens from Taiwan have pale, indistinct wing stigma which is distinct dark in Korean and Japanese specimens. Some differences are also observed in male genitalia, especially tip of outer gonostylus, but in general, structure of male genitalia of Taiwanese specimens are very similar to that of Holotype (Fig. 5). However, aedeagal complex of Taiwanese specimens is distinctly different from that shown in Torii (1992, Fig. 23, c), we suspect the illustration of Torii does not represent A. gracillima.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74CFFB5FF18F9A7FC2F2A25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is a medium sized crane fly. Body generally grayish brown. Wings milky with indistinct light brown stigma. Ninth tergite of male genitalia simple, without additional structures on posterior margin, both gonostyli long, slender and arched. Paramere long, slender, rod-like. Distal part of aedeagus long, narrow, straight.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74CFFB5FF18F9A7FC2F2A25.taxon	description	Description. Based on dry-mounted male. Body length: Male 4.2 mm. Wing length: Male 5.5 mm. Head. Dorsally head brown, but covered with dense gray pruinosity. Antenna 16 – segmented, 1.23 mm in male. Scape nearly cylindrical, yellowish. Pedicel wider distally, narrower basally, light brown. Both basal segments covered with sparse gray pruinosity. Basal flagellar segments light brown, distal segments brown. Basal flagellomeres spindle shaped, distal flagellomeres elongate. Apical segment oval, longer and wider than penultimate. Verticils dense, white, about three times as long as respective segments, thus antenna looks like in genus Ormosia. Whitish pubescence covering flagellomeres long and especially dense on ventral surface of segments. Rostrum brownish yellow. Palpus generally brown with yellowish base, dark brown apex. Palpomeres covered with yellowish, short, erect, scarce setae. Thorax. Generally brown. Pronotum brown, covered with gray pruinosity. Mesonotal prescutum grayish brown with yellowish brown area surrounding pseudosutural fovea and gray frontal margin. Prescutum with four indistinct brown stripes. Median stripes separated by narrow gray median line. Mesonotal scutum darker than prescutum, brown, covered with dense gray pruinosity. Scutellum brown frontally, yellowish posteriorly, covered with scarce gray pruinosity. Mediotergite brown with yellowish postero-lateral margins, covered with bluish gray pruinosity. Pleuron generally yellowish brown with indistinct darker longitudinal line extending from neck to base of abdomen, line intense anteriorly, fading out posteriorly. Katepisternum brownish yellow, bearing few short setae. Wing subhyaline, milky. Stigma faded, nearly invisible. Wing venation typical for subgenus: discal cell closed, Rs very long and straight, basal deflection of CuA 1 distinctly before branching point of M, anal angle big and nearly right-angled. Stem of haltere light gray with yellowish base. Knob infuscated. Haltere 0.68 mm long in male. Coxae yellowish brown, covered with gray pruinosity. Frontal surface of frontal coxae slightly infuscated. Trochanters brownish yellow, distal margin narrowly blackened. Femur light brown with yellowish base. Tibiae uniformly light brown. Tarsi light brown at base passing into brown distally. Male femur I: 4.2 mm long, II: 5.0 mm, III: 5.0 mm; tibiae I: 4.7 mm, II: 4.8 mm, III: 5.4 mm; tarsus I: 4.6 mm, III: 4.4 mm long. Claw with a single, small subbasal spine. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites polished brown, caudal margins narrowly grayish. Tergites covered with sparse yellowish setae. Sternites light brown with light yellowish gray caudal margins. Hypopygium. Male genitalia same color as abdomen. Ninth tergite (Fig. 6) of male genitalia simple, without additional structures on posterior margin. Gonocoxite elongate, oval, having no extra lobes. Both outer and inner gonostyli long, slender and arched. Outer gonostylus darkened towards apex. Inner gonostylus fleshy, covered with scarce setae. Paramere long and slender, rod-like, not reaching tip of aedeagus. Distal part of aedeagus long, narrow, straight.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74CFFB5FF18F9A7FC2F2A25.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Taiwan (Fig. 17).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74CFFB5FF18F9A7FC2F2A25.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. TAIWAN: Kaohsiung: Shanping, 640 m, J. Rawlins, C. Young, 23 – 31 March 1988, 1 ♂. Also compared with slide-mounted parts of Holotype of A. (A.) streptocera Alexander, 1949.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74CFFB5FF18F9A7FC2F2A25.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is morphologically very similar to A. (A.) streptocera Alexander, 1949, which is known from the province of Fujian of mainland China. The only difference found in male terminalia is the parameres of specimen from Taiwan are shorter, but with longer aedeagus than that of Holotype. However, slide-mounted specimen is somewhat distorted and these differences are probably resulted from the distortion. Additional specimens from Fujian and from Taiwan are needed for further investigation.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74EFFBBFF18FBEFFA842BA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is a medium-sized crane fly. Ground color of body black, body covered with gray pruinosity, dense on thoracic pleuron, thus general body color ranging from dark gray to blackish gray. Wings with blackish tinge. Wing stigma indistinct, slightly darker than wing membrane. Posterior margin of ninth tergite of male genitalia slightly concave, gonocoxite oval, without additional lobes, outer gonostylus arched distally with acute tip and small outgrove on inner margin. Aedeagus with large shield, paramere long, narrow, rod-like. Cercus of ovipositor with small angle on ventral margin and microscopic hook at apex.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74EFFBBFF18FBEFFA842BA9.taxon	description	Description. Based on dry-mounted specimens of both sexes. Body length: Males 3.70 – 5.65 mm; females 4.9 – 7.1 mm. Wing length: Males 4.75 – 7.00 mm; females 5.7 – 8.0 mm. Head. Head black dorsally, covered with grayish pruinosity, denser along orbits. Antenna black throughout, 16 – segmented, 0.70 – 1.05 mm in males, 0.85 – 1.25 mm in females. Scape nearly cylindrical. Pedicel brownish gray, wider distally, narrower basally. Flagellomeres oval, decreasing in size towards apex, apical segment about onethird longer than penultimate. Verticils short, distinctly shorter than respective segments, slightly longer than whitish pubescence covering flagellomeres. Rostrum black, covered with scarce grayish pruinosity. Palpus black, covered with scarse, short, erect whitish setae. Thorax. Thorax dark brown to blackish brown dorsally, bluish gray laterally and ventrally. Antepronotum black, covered with dense brownish gray pruinosity. Pronotum gray laterally. Mesonotal prescutum dark brown, lighter laterally with three confluent blackish brown stripes, which cover nearly entire surface of sclerite. Pseudosutural fovea surrounded by gray. Median stripe separated from lateral stripes by rows of short erect brown setae. Mesonotal scutum blackish brown, covered by dense gray pruinosity. Scutellum uniformly dark brown, covered by dense gray pruinosity. Mediotergite blackish brown, with indistinct brownish spots on both sides, covered with dense gray pruinosity. Pleuron generally bluish gray, katepisternum brownish gray. Wing with blackish tinge. Stigma indistinct, nearly invisible. Wing veins blackish brown. Venation typical for subgenus (Fig. 7): discal cell closed, short and wide; Rs very long and straight, basal deflection of CuA 1 distinctly before branching point of M, anal angle big and nearly right-angled. Stem of haltere brown, somewhat lighter at base. Knob blackish. Haltere 0.65 – 0.90 mm long in males and 0.8 – 1.0 mm in females. Coxae dark brown basally, turning light brown distally. Trochanters brown at base, turning blackish distally. Legs uniformly brown, just distal tarsomeres turning black. Male femur I: 3.70 – 5.75 mm long, II: 4.15 – 6.25 mm, III: 4.25 – 6.60 mm; tibiae I: 4.0 – 6.4 mm, II: 3.85 – 5.60 mm, III: 4.30 – 6.75 mm; tarsus I: 4.1 – 6.2 mm, II: 3.50 – 4.95 mm, III: 3.80 – 5.35 mm long. Female femur I: 4.1 – 5.3 mm long, II: 4.3 – 5.7 mm, III: 4.9 – 6.0 mm; tibiae I: 4.7 – 6.1 mm, II: 4.1 – 5.7 mm, III: 4.8 – 5.9 mm; tarsus I: 4.2 – 5.6 mm, II: 3.55 – 4.70 mm, III: 3.8 – 4.7 mm long. Claw of male with a single, slender subbasal spine. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites semi-polished, black, covered with brownish gray pruinosity, the caudal margins narrowly brownish gray. Tergites covered with short, indistinct setae. Basal and distal sternites black, sternites 2 – 6 brown with blackened lateral and posterior margins. Posterior margins of all sternites narrowly rimmed by gray. Abdomen ventrally covered by dense gray pruinosity and distinct long yellowish erect setae. Hypopygium. Male genitalia (Fig. 8) generally black, central part of ninth tergite and inner parts of gonocoxites brownish. Gonostyli (Fig. 9) distinctly reddish brown. Ninth tergite with slightly concave posterior margin. Gonocoxite elongate, oval, without extra lobes. Outer gonostylus arched, with acute tip and small emargination on inner margin. Inner gonostylus fleshy, distinctly arched, covered with scarce setae. Penis long and narrow, covered by wide sheath (Fig. 10). Gonapophysis narrow, rod-like, distinctly shorter than penis (Fig. 11). Ovipositor (Fig. 13) with tenth tergite dark brown. Cercus reddish brown with dark brown base, distal part slightly bent upwards, tip with small subapical angle on ventral margin and microsopic hook at apex (Fig. 12). Hypovalvae brownish yellow, tip acute, reaching to basal part of cercus.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74EFFBBFF18FBEFFA842BA9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is endemic to Taiwan (Fig. 18). It was found at altitudes from 760 m through 2200 m. All type specimens were collected at the end of October, more recent specimens were found from second part of March through end of May. It seems, that species has at least two generations a year.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74EFFBBFF18FBEFFA842BA9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. TAIWAN: Paratypes: Hassensan, 3,500 feet, S. Issiki, 24 October 1929, 1 ♂ (body pinned, right wing, leg, fragment of antenna and male terminalia slide-mounted), 1 ♂ (pinned); Meizi Hot Spring, 2,500 feet, S. Issiki, 25 October 1929, 1 ♂ (body pinned, right wing, leg, antenna and male terminalia slidemounted), 4 ♂ (pinned); specimens identified by S. Podenas: Taichung, Bi-Lu-Si Taiwan Forest Res. Inst., 1637 m, 24.2226 N, 121.3050 E, Chen Young, 22 March 2011, 4 ♂, 6 ♀; Taichung, Pilushi, 2200 m, R. Davidson, C. Young, J. Rawlins, 22 – 23 May 1988, 7 ♂, 6 ♀. Previous records for Taiwan: Holotype: Meizi Hot Springs, foot of Hassensan, 2,500 feet, S. Issiki, 26 October 1929, 1 ♂; Paratopotypes: Meizi Hot Springs, foot of Hassensan, 2,500 feet, S. Issiki, 25 October 1929, 3 ♂; Paratypes: Hassensan, 3,500 feet, S. Issiki, 24 October 1929, 2 ♂ (Alexander, 1930).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F74EFFBBFF18FBEFFA842BA9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Antocha styx was described by Alexander in 1930 based on male specimens collected by S. Issiki in October around Meizi Hot Springs, foot of Hassensan of Taiwan. This species is known only from Taiwan and judging from numbers of collected specimens it could be the most common species of Antocha on the island.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F740FFB9FF18FA41FC852A03.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is a medium-sized brown crane fly. Antenna short, not reaching wing base, when bend backwards. Prescutum with three distinct blackened stripes, pseudosutural fovea surrounded by yellow. Wings with brownish tinge. Wing stigma indistinct, nearly invisible. Posterior margin of ninth tergite of male genitalia straight, gonocoxite oval with distinct lobe on inner surface at base. Both inner and outer gonostyli long and narrow with blunt tips. Aedeagus with large shield, paramere long and bifid at apex.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F740FFB9FF18FA41FC852A03.taxon	description	Description. Based on dry-mounted males. Body length: 4.35 – 4.80 mm. Wing length: 5.8 – 6.4 mm. Head dark brown, covered with dense grayish brown pruinosity, with dorsal blackish median line and grayish orbits. Few black setae surround posterior margin of eye. Antenna brown throughout, 16 – segmented, 0.83 – 1.08 mm in males. Antenna not reaching base of wing, when bend backwards. Scape large, nearly cylindrical. Pedicel large, wider distally, narrower basally. Flagellomeres oval, distinctly narrower than both basal segments, decreasing in size towards apex, subapical segment rounded. Apical segment distinctly longer than preceding segment, about 2.5 – 3 times as it in length. Verticils short, brownish, slightly longer than dense, whitish pubescence covering flagellomeres. Rostrum brown dorsally, brownish yellow ventrally. Palpus black, covered with scarse, short, erect, whitish setae and brown pruinosity. Thorax. Generally thorax brown. Pronotum covered with brownish pruinosity, with dorsal black median line, pale brown laterally. Mesonotal prescutum brown with three distinct darker stripes, color of stripes changes depending on angle light strucks. Stripes black anteriorly, lighter posteriorly. Area between median and lateral stripes with scarce, erect, brown setae. Pseudosutural fovea surrounded by yellow. Median stripe separated from lateral stripes by rows of short erect, brown setae. Mesonotal scutum brown, covered with dense bluish gray pruinosity. Scutellum uniformly brown, covered with dense gray pruinosity. Mediotergite polished-brown, with denser gray pruinosity anteriorly. Pleuron generally brown. Anepimeron below wing base yellowish. Dorsal margin of katepisternum yellowish, remaining part of segment brown. Wing with brownish tinge. Stigma faded, nearly invisible. Wing veins brown. Venation typical for subgenus: discal cell closed, Rs very long and straight, basal deflection of CuA 1 before branching point of M, anal angle big and nearly right-angled. Stem of haltere pale, just slightly infuscated towards knob, which is distinctly blackened. Haltere 0.80 – 0.98 mm long. Frontal coxae dark brown, turning yellowish distally, second and third coxae brownish yellow. Trochanters brownish yellow with darkened distal margins. Legs brown, just very bases of femorae lighter, tips of tibiae slightly infuscated, and just very tips of tarsi dark brown. Femur I: 4.6 – 5.5 mm long, II: 5.0 – 5.9 mm, III: 5.2 – 6.3 mm; tibiae I: 5.3 – 6.8 mm, II: 5.3 – 6.3 mm, III: 6.0 – 7.0 mm; tarsus I: 5.4 – 6.9 mm, II: 4.7 – 5.6 mm, III: 5.0 – 5.8 mm long. Claw with a single subbasal spine. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites blackish brown, with narrowly grayish posterior margins, covered with brownish pruinosity. Four basal sternites brown, rimmed by blackish brown laterally and posteriorly, fifth sternite with small brownish spot at base, distal sternites blackish brown. Posterior margins of all sternites narrowly rimmed by gray. Abdomen covered with semi-erect, yellowish setae. Hypopygium. Male genitalia (Fig. 14) generally brown, tips of gonocoxites blackened, outer gonostyli rusty brown. Ninth tergite with nearly straight posterior margin. Gonocoxite elongate, nearly cylindrical, with distinct lobe at base on inner surface. Both gonostyli long and slender. Outer gonostylus slightly arched, inner gonostylus nearly straight. Both inner and outer gonostyli with blunt tips. Outer gonostylus bearing small subbasal emargination. Inner gonostylus fleshy, covered with scarce setae. Paramere long, bearing bifid tip. Aedeagus long and narrow, covered with wide sheath.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F740FFB9FF18FA41FC852A03.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species was represented by a two male specimens collected in late April in Taiwan (Fig. 19).	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F740FFB9FF18FA41FC852A03.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. TAIWAN: Holotype: Kaohsiung Tao Yuan, Hsi Nan Shan Shih-Shan-Lin-Tao, 23.05 N, 120.47 E, C. Young, 22 April 2005, ♂; Paratype: topotypic, 1 ♂.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F740FFB9FF18FA41FC852A03.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name taiwanensis emphasizes the first record of this species in Taiwan.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F740FFB9FF18FA41FC852A03.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species is most closely related to Antocha (Antocha) bidigitata Alexander, 1954, which is known only from Japan, islands of Kyushu, Shikoku and Honshu (Torii, 1992). Both species have long slender paramere, which is split into two branches at apex. Both species have long and slender gonostyli. The most distinct differences between these species are observed in male terminalia. Gonocoxite of A. bidigitata is simple, having no extra lobes at base, when gonocoxite of A. taiwanensis n. sp. has distinct lobe at base of inner surface. Paramere of A. bidigitata is longer than aedeagus, but shorter than aedeagus in A. taiwanensis n. sp. Distinctly different aedeagus, which has wide shield in A. taiwanensis n. sp., but has no such structure in A. bidigitata. General body coloration and structure of antennae are similar in both species.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F742FFBFFF18FB34FBF62FBE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. JAVA: Holotype: Pelaboean, Ratoe, Java, October 19, 1909, Bryant and Palmer, 1 ♀ (body on pin, wing on slide); metatype: W. Java, Soekaboemi, [altitude] 1800 feet, August 8, 1933, M. E. Walsh, No 742, 1 ♂ (slide-mounted). Non-type specimens identified by C. Alexander: W. Java, Soekaboemi, [altitude] 1800 feet, July 20, 1933, M. E. Walsh, 1 ♀; W. Java, Soekaboemi, [altitude] 1800 feet, August 8, 1933, M. E. Walsh, sex unclear, abdomen missing, probably same specimen, which parts are slide-mounted and labelled as metatype.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
03D0FC39F742FFBFFF18FB34FBF62FBE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Antocha javanensis was described from single female from Java (Alexander 1915). Later, in 1917, few males of Antocha were collected by T. Shiraki at Shishito (¤ ªªCae 鄉獅子頭), Formosa (Taiwan). Alexander identified them as A. javanensis and chose one male as allotype for A. javanensis (Alexander 1920). Edwards (1916) mentioned one female of Antocha sp. from Horisha (¤ ªªªAE) (Taiwan) and later Alexander (1920) also suggested that female specimen to be A. javanensis. We believe Alexander probably made conclusion based on distribution record without actually examining the specimen. Since A. javanensis was based on a single female specimen, we believe that in 1920 when Alexander compared the specimens collected by T. Shiraki from Taiwan in 1917, his conclusion that those specimens were A. javanesis was solely based on the comparison of female specimens, thus it presented a very unstable status for the male allotype of A. javanesis. This has come to be evident after we have examined all the specimens that were collected by Shiraki from Taiwan later determined as A. javanensis by Alexander, and that all the males actually belong to A. bifida. Therefore, the male allotype of A. javanensis is actually male of A. bifida. None of the male Antocha specimens collected in Taiwan since could be identified as A. javanensis. We do not have more female A. javanesis specimens to conduct through comparison of these two species, but the lack of stigma in A. bifida compared to distinct stigma in A. javanesis would be sufficiently enough to separate these two species apart. We have consequently concluded that A. javanensis should be removed from the list of Taiwanese crane flies. Accordingly, male of A. javanensis remains undiscovered. The diverse crane fly fauna of Taiwan, its geographical distribution of many species, and its relationships to that of other regions is of great interest but inadequately documented, and few recent surveys have been conducted. These plus misidentification of existing species, and only a limited number of specimens are available for examination have all contributed to the complexity in achieving a comprehensive understanding of the origins of the local fauna. The current study is the forth contribution of a faunistic research project dealing with the Tipuloidea of the island of Taiwan. The results of this study will be used to test the hypothesis concerning the origin and history of the various Taiwanese crane fly lineages. The fact that Antocha (Antocha) is the only subgenus of Antocha that were recorded in Taiwan, a tentative hypothese may be offered, that Taiwanese Antocha shared characteristics with the northern elements of this genus, and its components have close affinity with the fauna in China, Japan, Korea and the Philippines, based on the currently known distribution. Although species delimitation in this study was primarily based on male genitalia structures, the mtDNA sequence (CO 1) data have been processed for several specimens. These data were not utilized for the current study due to insufficient number of taxa and specimens needed for comparison purpose. More fresh specimens from the neighboring regions are needed to expand the testing pool in order to combine morphological and molecular data in order to achieve further accurate conclusion.	en	Podenas, Sigitas, Young, Chen W. (2015): Antocha crane flies from Taiwan (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae). Zootaxa 4048 (4): 523-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.4
