identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D1A6144B48FFD41E8FE5F7FE0D79F3.text	03D1A6144B48FFD41E8FE5F7FE0D79F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia cejpii Velen., Monogr. Discom. Bohem.	<div><p>Orbilia cejpii Velen., Monogr. Discom. Bohem. (Prague): 92 (1934). (Fig. 1)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.3–0.5(0.8) mm in diam., up to 0.2 mm high, scattered, light yellow (86. l. Y) to medium orange yellow (71. m. OY), superficial, disc flat, margin smooth and not or slightly protruding. Asci *(35)38.5–43.5(47.5) × 3.2–4 μm, †(31)34.5–37(40) × 2.5–3.4 μm; cylindric-clavate, apex thin-walled; 8-spored, spores uniseriate with 2–5 lower spores inverted (partially mixed), pars sporifera *13.5–23 μm; with a long thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *(2.2)2.5– 2.7(3) × 1.6–2.1 μm, †1.9–2.5 × 1.5–1.7 μm; subglobose to broadly ellipsoid; SBs *0.4–0.6 μm diam., globose, close to apex. Paraphyses spathulate very slightly to strongly capitate, 2–3-septate; terminal cell *(14.8)17.3–20.5(23.7) × (2)3.2–4.3 μm, cell below *(5.5)6–8.2(10.5) × 1.5–2.3 μm; unbranched or branched below second cell; without exudate over paraphyses; with several light gray (264. l. Gray) (sub)globose SCBs *1.4–2.8 × 1.1–2.7 μm diam filling the apical cell. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flank of textura angularis to t. globosa, *(50)60–77(90) μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, *(8)12–19(30) μm thick; hyaline, not gelatinized, without exudate. Cells of ectal excipulum *(9.3)11–12.5(14.8) × (6.3)7.8–9(10.2) μm at base and lower flank wall thickness *0.4–0.8 μm; *(5.8)7.2–8.8(10) × (4)5–6(8) μm at margin; with light gray (264. l. Gray) globose SCBs *1.6–2.3 μm diam.</p> <p>μm= 1a–c; 50 μm= 2a; 10 μm= 2b–c, 3a–b, 4a–b, 5a; 5 μm= 3c–g. Mounted in: CR= 3a, 3e, 4a; H 2 O= 2a–c, 3b–c, 3f–g, 4b, 5; MLZ= 3d. All photos from TFC Mic. 23631.</p> <p>Previously reported specimens corrected:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Aguamansa, (coordinates and vegetation no data), 1250 m, on bark of unidentified substrate, 11 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 502 A, as O. alnea, probably O. cejpii based on measures and drawing of Korf 1992).</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, La Matanza de Acentejo, Montaña la Morra, 28°24’40’’N, 16°24’59’’W, 1521 m, humid Canary pine woodland, on wood Adenocarpus foliolosus, 3 October 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23631!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— The species has been reported in the northern hemisphere in Europe (Czech Republic,</p> <p>France). Growing on dead wood (unidentified angiosperm, Salix). Occurring in spring and summer (ASCOFRANCE 2015, Velenovský 1934). The species has been found in Macaronesia between 1250–1521 m, in the humid pine woodland influenced by tradewinds.</p> <p>Remarks:— Orbilia cejpii was characterized for its hyaline, translucent minute apothecia (0.2–0.3 mm), asci 25 × 3 μm, with long and thin, flexuous, Y-shaped stalk, capitate paraphyses up to 5–6 μm wide, and subglobose ascospores up to 2 μm (Velenoský 1934). In the reexamination of the holotype by one of us (H.B.), 8-spored disintegrated asci and larger ascospores (†2–3.3 × 1.3–3 μm) were found in the single overmature apothecium (Baral et al. in prep.). A recent collection from western France, with pale orange apothecia of the same size, asci *22–34 × 3–4 μm, ascospores *2.5–3 × 1.7–2 μm, and paraphyses only slightly enlarged above to *2.5–3 μm, was exposed in the Ascofrance forum (19-05-2009, N. Van Vooren pers. comm.) and identified from the drawing by one of us (H.B.). Our sample fits O. cejpii, if we take into consideration Velenovský’s description and the revision of the type, Van Vooren’s measurements, and various further records referred to O. cejpii in the monograph of Orbiliomycetes (Baral et al. in prep.).</p> <p>Orbilia cejpii could be confused with O. eucalypti (W. Phillips &amp; Harkn.) Sacc., but differs in smaller ascospores (*2.2–3 μm vs. *3.5–5.7 μm).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B48FFD41E8FE5F7FE0D79F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B4AFFD31E8FE2F1FAA07BA3.text	03D1A6144B4AFFD31E8FE2F1FAA07BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia euonymi Velen., Monogr. Discom. Bohem.	<div><p>Orbilia euonymi Velen., Monogr. Discom. Bohem. (Prague): 95 (1934). (Fig. 2)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.2–0.5 mm in diam., up to 0.08 mm high, scattered to subgregarious, deep orange yellow (72. d. OY) to strong yellow brown (74. s. y Br), superficial, disc flat to convex, margin smooth, not protruding. Asci *(41)43– 50(55.3) × 6.7–7.3 μm, †(30)34.5–38(43.7) × 4.2–5.7(6.4) μm; cylindric-clavate, min. ~22-spored, spores 3–5-seriate with 7–10 lower spores inverted (mixed), pars sporifera *15–22 μm; with a partly long and thin, bifurcate base. Ascospores *(3.5)4.2–5.2 × 1.6–1.8 μm, †4–4.8 × 1.5–1.7 μm; ellipsoid-subcylindrical to ellipsoid-clavate, apex obtuse, straight to slightly curved; SBs *1.1–1.7 × 0.3–0.6 μm, tear-shaped to geniculate, apically attached by a short filum. Paraphyses uninflated, cylindrical to slightly clavate, 3–4-septate; terminal cell *(5.5)8–10.3(13.8) × 1.4–2.4 μm, cell below *(4.7)6–7.3(8.8) × 1.4–2.3 μm; unbranched or branched near base; exudate over paraphyses 0.6–2 μm thick, hyaline to pale yellow (89. p. Y), cloddy-like, not firmly attached; apex containing one globose to cylindric SCB *1.4–2.5 × 1.2–1.8 μm. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *22–34 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, *9.5–23 μm thick; hyaline to pale orange yellow (73. p. OY), not gelatinized; covered by a continuous medium yellow (87. m. Y) layer of amorphous exudate from upper flank to margin, 0.9–1.7 μm thick. Cells of ectal excipulum *(6.5)8.5–10.5(13) × (4.5)6.5–7.8(10) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.3–0.6 μm; *(5)6–7.3(8) × 2–3.4 μm at margin, with one globose SCB up to *3 μm diam. in cortical cells at margin.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, La Orotava, Teide National Park, Morros Pardos, 28°14’33’’N, 16°38’56’’W, 2456 m, meso-oromediterranean summit broom scrub, on wood of Adenocarpus viscosus branch, 25 April 2013, A. Rodríguez-Romero, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24156!). Guía de Isora, Teide National Park, El Morro los Cerrillos, 28°15’10’’N, 16°42’38’’W, 2010 m, meso-oromediterranean summit broom scrub, on wood of Spartocytisus supranubius, 22 March 2014, R. Negrín, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24549!, 24556!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— The species was so far only known from the type collection from Czech Republic. A report from United Kingdom is misidentified (see below), as is a report from Asia (China) which deviates in 64- spored asci and will be assigned to a closely related separate species (Baral et al. in prep.). However, O. euonymi is in fact a frequent species which has been overlooked due to its restriction to xeric wood or rarely bark of various woody angio- and gymnosperms. It occurs all over Europe and also in North America and central Asia (Baral et al. in prep.). Occurring all year round (Baral et al. in prep.). This species was found in Macaronesia above 2000 m in spring season. It grows on the two most common substrates of meso-oromediterranean summit broom scrub (Adenocarpus viscosus and Spartocytisus supranubius).</p> <p>Remarks:— Velenovský provided a short description of Orbilia euonymi in 1934: reddish discoid sessile apothecia, 0.3–0.4 mm diam., asci 25–30 × 6–8 μm, 8-spored, globose ascospores 2–3μ m diam., and filiform branched paraphyses. Hawksworth &amp; Sivanesan (1975) reported a British collection which showed some variation in the colour of apothecia (pale yellowish) and size of ascospores (up to 3.5 μm diam.), and found the asci to be 8-spored in concordance with the protologue. During revision of this collection and Velenovský’s type material of Orbilia spp. by one of us (H.B.), the British collection Hyalorbilia (?) erythrostigma (W. Phillips) Baral &amp; G. Marson, while the holotype of O. euonymi, in which a few apothecia were detected, showed polysporous asci (min. 28-spored) with a rounded apex and apical wall thickening, characters overlooked by Velenovský. The type of ascus apex places this species in subgenus Hemiorbilia (Baral et al. in prep.; for a very similar 64-spored collection see Zhang et al. 2009). The samples from Canary Islands fit quite well the revised species concept as presented in the monograph of Orbiliomycetes (Baral et al. in prep.).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B4AFFD31E8FE2F1FAA07BA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B4DFFD11E8FE735FCD8783F.text	03D1A6144B4DFFD11E8FE735FCD8783F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia flavida Feltgen, Vorstud. Pilzfl. Luxemb., Nachtr. II	<div><p>Orbilia flavida Feltgen, Vorstud. Pilzfl. Luxemb., Nachtr. II: 43 (1901). (Fig. 3)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.3–0.5 mm in diam., up to 0.2 mm high, scattered, medium yellowish pink (29. m. y Pink) to medium orange yellow (71. m. OY), superficial, disc concave to flat, margin smooth. Asci *(82)88–99(109) × (6.6)7.5–9 μm, †78–91 × 6–7.3 μm; apex thin walled; cylindric-clavate, 32-spored, spores 2–4-seriate, with ascospores upwards oriented near apex and downwards near base, but usually mixed, pars sporifera *40–54 μm; medium long or indistincly bifurcate base. Ascospores *(5.4)6.7–8(9) × 2–3 μm, †6.6–8 × 2–2.5 μm; subcylindrical to clavate, straight to medium curved in the narrower lower part, ends rounded to obtuse; SBs *0.5–0.9 × 1–1.5 μm, lens-shaped, broadly attached to apex. Paraphyses medium to very strongly irregularly clavate to spathulate at apex, 4–6-septate, closely septate near apex; terminal cell *(6.5)7.5–11(14) × 2–4(5) μm, second cell *(3)6–10.5(13) × 2–3(4.5) μm, cell bellow *(9)12–16 × 1.4–3 μm; usually branched above the second cell; exudate 0–1.4 μm thick, pale yellow (89. p. Y), continuous and loosely attached over paraphyses; light gray (264. l. Gray) globose SCBs usually present in apical cell, 0.6–2 μm diam. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *40–55 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, *22–40 μm; hyaline, not gelatinized, with a thin continuous light yellow (86. l. Y) layer of exudate at margin, 0.7–1.2 μm thick. Cells of ectal excipulum *9–11(13) × (6.5)7.5–8.7(10.3) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.3–0.7 μm; *(5)7–9(11.5) × 3–4(5.5) μm at margin, with light gray (264. l. Gray) globose SCBs in cortical cells at margin, 1.5–4 μm diam.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Granadilla de Abona, La Martela, 28°08’29’’N, 16°37’11’’W, 1195 m, typical Canary pine woodland, on wood of a detached branch of Aeonium arboreum, 19 April 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23640!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— This species has been reported in the northern hemisphere, in Europe (Germany, Spain mainland). Growing on stems of Clematis and Seseli. Occurring from spring to summer (ASCOFRANCE 2015, GBIF, Feltgen 1904). By now, this species only has been found once in Macaronesia. It grows on succulent xeric woody branches of Aeonium arboreum in the south slope of Tenerife Island, where it was found at 1195 m of altitude where a dry pine forest develops.</p> <p>Remarks:— Orbilia flavida was originally described as 8-spored by Feltgen (1904). In the revision of the holotype, one of us (H.B.) found the asci to contain ca. 25–30 spores with lens-shaped spore bodies (Baral et al. in prep.). The measurements given by Feltgen for asci (55–62 × 7–8 μm) and ascospores (4–8 × 2.5–3 μm), are similar to our measurements in the dead state, deviating only in the length of asci. A recent collection was illustrated by Enrique Rubio from Asturias (ASCOFRANCE 2015), with ascospores 7.2–8.7 × 2.8–3.4 μm.</p> <p>The morphology of spore bodies and the number of ascospores in the asci of Orbilia flavida distinguish well this taxon from the other species of Orbilia reported until now.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B4DFFD11E8FE735FCD8783F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B4FFFD01E8FE325FE3A7C1C.text	03D1A6144B4FFFD01E8FE325FE3A7C1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia flavidorosella Rehm	<div><p>Orbilia flavidorosella Rehm, in Sydow, Hedwigia 33 (Beibl.): 31 (1894). (Fig. 4)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.2–0.7 mm in diam., up to 0.2 mm high, scattered, brownish pink (33. br Pink) to light grayish yellow brown (79. l. gy. y Br), disc concave to flat, not erumpent from substrate, margin distinct, slightly hairy. Asci *44–52.5(62.5) × (3.7)4–4.5 μm, †38–44 × 3.2–3.7 μm; thin apex; cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 2-seriate, with 3–4 lower spores inverted, pars sporifera *16–33 μm; with a short to long bifurcate base. Ascospores *8–9.5(10) × 1.5–1.9 μm, †7–9 × 1.2–1.5 μm; fusoid to fusiform-clavate, straight to slightly curved, with acute to acuminate apex and slightly to medium tapered base, rarely like tail with or without bulbous extreme; SBs *(3.5)4–5 × 0.5–0.7 μm, subulate to vermiform, apically attached by a narrow point. Paraphyses sublageniform to lageniform, 2–3-septate; terminal cell *17–21(22) × 2.6–3.5 μm, cell below *6.8–9 × 1.5–2.8 μm; not branched; exudate over paraphyses lacking or like scarcely granular, with yellow gray (93. y Gray) filiform and trapezoid (1.3–2.4 × 0.3–0.7 μm) SCBs. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *29–42 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica *20–32 μm thick; hyaline, not gelatinized, without exudate. Cells of ectal excipulum *(10)12–16(18) × (8.3)9.5–12.5(13.5) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.4–0.8 μm; *(7)8–12(13) × 4–6 μm at margin, cortical cells like hairs (13–22 × 2.2–5 μm), with abundant yellow gray (93. y Gray) filiform, trapezoid and lasso-shaped (3–5 × 2–3.6 μm) SCBs.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, La Orotava, Teide National Park, Cañada de la Mareta, 28°13’36’’N, 16°36’43’’W, 2190 m, meso-oromediterranean summit broom scrub, on bark of Spartocytisus supranubius, 5 November 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23738!). Adeje, Lomo el Dornajito, 28°11’33’’N, 16°40’05’’W, 2081 m, Canary pine woodland with summit brooms, on bark of Spartocytisus supranubius, 9 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23925!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— The species has been reported in the northern hemisphere in Europe (Germany, Czech Republic). Growing on herbaceous stems of Vincetoxicum. Occurring in spring (Saccardo 1895, Sydow 1894, Svrček 1955). In Macaronesia, it was found in autumn and spring on xeric branchs of Spartocytisus supranubius, in the transition between pine woodland and summit broom scrubs above 2000 m.</p> <p>Remarks:— Orbilia flavidorosella was orginally described with asci 45 × 5 μm, straight or slightly curved subfusiform ascospores 7–9 × 2 μm, and filiform paraphyses with a widened apex (Rehm, in Sydow 1894). In 1955, Svrček combined the species in the genus Hyalinia as ‘ H. flavide-roseola ’ and provided a detailed description of the species, including lageniform paraphysis apices. However, Spooner (1987: 196) doubted placement in Hyalinia because the hairs are described as simple, non-glassy, and suggested that the species might belong in Habrostictis. With the exception of slightly narrower spores, our sample fits quite well the literature (where the characteristic spore body was overlooked), and also with the re-examination of the holotype by one of us, which showed the paraphyses to be lanceolate (H.B., Baral et al. in prep.).</p> <p>Orbilia flavidorosella resembles O. carpoboloides. The latter was recently described and illustrated by Friebes (2011), and differs in ascospore (*8.5–12.3 × 2–2.3 μm) and ascus measurements (*74–83 × 5.5–6.2 μm), both being bigger than in O. flavidorosella.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B4FFFD01E8FE325FE3A7C1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B4EFFDE1E8FE7C4FB7A7FFB.text	03D1A6144B4EFFDE1E8FE7C4FB7A7FFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia hesperidea Rolland, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr.	<div><p>Orbilia hesperidea Rolland, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 17: 118 (1901). (Fig. 5)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.3–0.6 mm in diam., 0.2–0.3 mm high, scattered to subgregarious, deep reddish orange (35. s. r O) to brown-orange (54. br O), slightly erumpent from outer wood fibres, disc flat to slightly convex, margin smooth to slightly crenulate, very slightly protruding. Asci *(54)59–68(75.5) × 5.7–6.6(7.3) μm, †(43)46–58.5(64) × 5–6 μm; dead asci with thickened apical wall (0.8–1.3 μm); cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 4-seriate with 2–4 lower spores inverted, pars sporifera *21–31 μm; with a long thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *(9.5)11.5–12.5(14) × (1.9)2–2.4 μm, †9.5–12.5 × 1.7–2.2 μm; cylindric-clavate to fusiform-clavate, apex obtuse to subacute, straight to inequilateral or medium curved; SBs *(2.3)3–3.5(4.4) × 0.6–1.3 μm, plug- or rod-shaped to subulate, apically broadly attached. Paraphyses cylindrical, slightly to medium clavate to spathulate (rarely lageniform), 3–4-septate; terminal cell *(6)9– 11.7(14.5) × 2.1–3.4 μm, cell below *(7)8.5–10.5(13) × 1.2–2.3 μm; branched at second cell or below; exudate over paraphyses 0.9–2(3) μm thick, hyaline to medium yellow (87. m. Y), continuous or forming broken amorphous clods over paraphyses, not firmly attached, with globose SCBs *1.4–2 μm diam., but also with grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) trapezoid SCBs. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *(50)64–96(112) μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, *12–30(43) μm thick; hyaline, not gelatinized, with a continuous or broken, deep orange yellow (72. d. OY) to strong yellow (84. s. Y) layer of amorphous exudate from lower flank to margin, 3–10 μm thick. Cells of ectal excipulum *(7)10–11.5(16) × (7)8–9(11.5) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.3–0.8 μm; *(5.5)7–8.5(12.5) × 2.2–4 μm at margin, with deep yellow (88. d. Y) globose (1.4–2.4 μm diam.), annular (1.6–3 μm diam) and trapezoid (2.3–4.3 × 1.4–3 μm) SCBs.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Fasnia, La Morra los Cardones, 28°14’47’’N, 16°25’47’’W, 346 m, Euphorbia atropurpurea scrub, on wood of Periploca laevigata, 18 December 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24430!). La Laguna, Anaga Rural Park, Andén de la Cruz, 28°34’03’’N, 16°18’06’’W, 337 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood and bark of Bystropogon odoratissimus, 20 May 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24233!). Idem, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Hoya el Laurel, 28°31’53’’N, 16°11’53’’W, 305 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Periploca laevigata, 5 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23914!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— The species has been reported in the northern hemisphere from Europe (France). The type grew on wood of Citrus. Without data about phenology (Rolland 1901), but February on herbarium label. O. hesperidea occurs on xeric wood and bark of both gymno- and angiosperms and is widely distributed in the mediterranean region of Europe but occurs also in semihumid to semiarid regions of North America and Australia (Baral et al. in prep.). Orbilia hesperidea was found in Macaronesia in winter and spring in the Euphorbia scrubs, below 350 m of altitude. It grows on different woody plants, but was never found on succulent species.</p> <p>Remarks:— The original description gave the asci as 70 × 7 μm and the ascospores as *20 × 4 μm (Rolland 1901). Rolland saw living ascospores with spore bodies, but his spore measurements are much bigger in comparison to the present range of variation. Re-examination of the holotype by one of us (H.B.) revealed distinctly smaller ascospores (†11.5–14.8 × 2.2–2.9 μm), which better correspond to our samples and also to his uncalibrated drawing: when taking Rolland’s drawn ascus as 70 μm, the spores measure about *12.5–17 × 2.1–2.5 μm.</p> <p>Orbilia hesperidea can be confused with O. vinosa and O. adenocarpi. All of them have fusiform ascospores, plug- or rod-shaped to subulate spore bodies and a thickened ascus apical wall. Orbilia vinosa has shorter asci (*40–62 μm vs. *54–75.5 μm) and narrower ascospores, usually only up to 1.8–2 μm. Orbilia adenocarpi has longer asci (*61–116 x 5.3–7.6 μm) and longer ascospores (*13.2–30 × 1.7–3.2 μm) (Quijada et al. 2012).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B4EFFDE1E8FE7C4FB7A7FFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B40FFDC1E8FE4F9FC64795F.text	03D1A6144B40FFDC1E8FE4F9FC64795F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia scolecospora (G. W. Beaton) Baral	<div><p>Orbilia scolecospora (G.W. Beaton) Baral, in Liu, Liu, Zhuang &amp; Baral, Fungal Diversity 22: 117 (2006) (Fig. 6)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.4–0.7(1.4) mm in diam., 0.2–0.3 mm high, scattered to gregarious, hyaline to pale yellowish pink (31. p. y Pink) when young, in mature medium yellowish pink (29. m. y Pink) to light orange yellow (70. l. OY), disc convex when young, at mature slightly concave to flat, not erumpent, margin with 5–8(10) triangular teeth of * 0.05–0.15 mm lengh, 0.05–0.2 mm mm width at base, 0.02–0.1 mm width at apex. Asci *(40.5)45.2–50(56.6) × 3.3–4.4 μm, †(33)40–45(53) × 2.7–3.5 μm; thin apex; cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 2–4-uniseriate, 4 lower spores inverted, pars sporifera *13–18 μm; with a long thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *(8)8.8–10.5(11.3) × 0.8–1.2 μm, †(6.5)7.7– 8.3(9.5) × 0.5–1 μm; narrowly fusoid to fusiform-clavate, medium helicoid, with a acute apex and strongly curved tapered tail; SBs *(2.6)3–3.7 × 0.4–0.5 μm, subulate, straight to slightly flexuose. Paraphyses uninflated, cylindrical to slightly clavate, 1–2-septate; terminal cell *(11)14–16.5(18.5) × (1.8)2.2–2.7 μm, cell below *(4)5–6.5(9) × 1.7–2.5 μm; not branched, with cloddy and continuous grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) exudate, 0.5–2 μm long; with several light gray (264. l. Gray) eyelash or globose to cylindric SCBs *2.2–8 × 1.3–2 μm. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *(52)76–130(181) μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis, *(13)20– 33(52) μm; hyaline, not gelatinized, with refractive medium yellow (87. m. Y) glassy processes *(16)37–134(223) μm. Cells of ectal excipulum *(11)13.7–17(20.7) × (7.8)11–13(16.3) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.4–1 μm; *(4.7)6–8(10) × (3.7)4.3–5.4(7) μm at margin; cortical cells at margin cylindric and protruding, *(9.5)11–13.5(15.3) × 2.2–3.5(5.5) μm; with yellow gray (93. y Gray) ring to lasso-shaped SCBs *4–5 × 3–4 μm at lower flank, globose SCBs *2–5 μm diam. at margin.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Buenavista del Norte, Teno Rural Park, El Draguillo, 28°21’15’’N, 16°54’12’’W, 130 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Euphorbia canariensis, 5 June 2009, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada, E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22235!). Idem, 16 June 2009, L. Quijada, C. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22289!, 22290!, 22297!, 22305!, 22307!). Idem, 28 February 2010, L. Quijada, R. Castro &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22872!, 22873!). Idem, La Morra los Cardones, 28°14’47’’N, 16°25’47’’W, 346 m, Euphorbia atropurpurea scrub, on wood of Euphorbia canariensis, 18 December 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24423!). La Laguna, Anaga Rural Park, Andén de la Cruz, 28°34’03’’N, 16°18’03’’W, 337 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Euphorbia canariensis, 29 December 2013, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 24450!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— The species has been reported from the northern hemisphere (China), and the southern hemisphere (Australia). Growing on different angiosperms (Eucalyptus, Quercu s). Occurring in summer (Beaton &amp; Weste 1978, Spooner 1987, Liu et al. 2006). The ecology of the species is curiously very different in Macaronesia, where it was found in Euphorbia scrubs between 130 and 337 m. The phenology is broader (winter to summer), and it has only been found on the succulent Euphorbia canariensis, never on non-succulent woody substrates.</p> <p>Remarks:— This species has been described and illustrated as ‘ Hyalinia scolecospora’ from the holotype (Beaton &amp; Weste 1978), revised by Spooner (1987), and from a Chinese collection, when it was combined by one of us (H.B.) in the genus Orbilia (Liu et al. 2006). The length of ascospores in the holotype (Beaton &amp; Weste 1978) is larger compared to the other collections (15 μm vs. 7.8–10.4 μm), but when comparing the drawing in the original diagnosis, the length is ~10 μm, being possible 15 μm only if we take into account the curvature of ascospore. Our measurements and general morphology fit well the collections mentioned (Beaton &amp; Weste 1978, Spooner 1987, Liu et al. 2006), with slight differences: (1) the spore bodies in our sample are larger in respect to Liu et al. (2006) (*2.6–3.7 μm vs. *1–1.8 μm), and (2) the dead asci are longer in respect to the other diagnoses (†33–53 μm vs. †24–33 μm).</p> <p>Orbilia scolecospora could be confused with O. crenatomarginata (Höhn.) Sacc. &amp; Trotter, but asci and ascospores of the latter are shorter (†33–53 μm vs. 25 μm, †6.5–9.5 μm vs. 6–8 μm, respectively) (Saccardo &amp; Trotter 1913). Orbilia vermiformis Baral, Z.F. Yu &amp; K.Q. Zhang is also similar, but differs in its wider asci (*3.8–5 μm) and ascospores (*1–1.5 μm), and it does not have glassy processes forming teeth (Yu et al. 2007).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B40FFDC1E8FE4F9FC64795F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B42FFDA1E8FE205FC8A7AEF.text	03D1A6144B42FFDA1E8FE205FC8A7AEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia vinosa (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Karst., Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk	<div><p>Orbilia vinosa (Alb. &amp; Schwein.) P. Karst., Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk 19: 101 (1871) (Fig. 7)</p> <p>Apothecia (0.2)0.3–0.8(1.4) mm in diam., 0.1–0.3 mm high, scattered to subgregarious, deep red orange (38. d. r O) to deep orange (51. deep O), superficial, disc flat to convex, margin smooth to slightly crenulate and not protruding. Asci *(40)52–57.3(62) × (4.6)5.3–6.6 μm, †(34)37–43(46.5) × 3.9–4.8 μm; dead asci with apical wall thickening (0.5–1.1 μm); cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 4-seriate, with 2–4 lower spores inverted, pars sporifera *14–30 μm; with a long thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *(10)12–13(15) × 1.6–1.9(2.2) μm, †9.5–13.5 × 1.2–1.6 μm; cylindric-clavate to fusiform-clavate, apex obtuse to subacute, straight to inequilateral, slightly curved in the narrower lower part; SBs *2.5–5 × 0.5–1(1.4) μm, tear-shaped to subulate, apically attached by a narrowed to wide point. Paraphyses cylindrical, uninflated to medium clavate to spathulate, 3–4-septate; terminal cell *(7)9–12(15.3) × 1.6–3.2 μm, cell below *(5)7–8.5(10.8) × 1.5–2.4 μm; unbranched; exudate over paraphyses 0.8–2 μm thick, hyaline to grayish yellow (90. gy. Y), continuous or broken over paraphyses forming amorph clods, not firmly attached; cells containing globose SCBs *0.8–1.8 μm diam., but also with grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) trapezoid to filiform SCBs. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flank of textura angularis to t. globosa, *(35)40–80 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, *11–47 μm thick; hyaline, not gelatinized, with a continuous or broken grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) to medium yellow (87. m. Y) layer of amorphous exudate from upper flank to margin, 3–11 μm thick. Cells of ectal excipulum *(8.7)11–13.5(16.3) × (5.5)8–9.5(11.5) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.3–1 μm; *(4.5)7– 8(9.7) × 2–4.5 μm at margin, with pale orange-yellow (73. p OY) globose and trapezoid SCBs.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Fasnia, La Morra los Cardones, 28°14’47’’N, 16°25’47’’W, 346 m, Euphorbia atropurpurea scrub, on wood of Atalanthus pinnatus, 6 December 2009, L. Quijada, J. Díaz-Armas &amp; E. Beltrán-Tejera (TFC Mic. 22826!). Idem, on wood of Cistus monspeliensis, 6 December 2009, L. Quijada, J. Díaz-Armas &amp; E. Beltrán-Tejera (TFC Mic. 22828!, 22840!, 22841!, 22842!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia atropurpurea, 18 December 2013, L. Quijada, I. Perez-Vargas, J. Díaz-Armas &amp; J. Kout (TFC Mic. 24400!). Idem, on wood of Cistus monspeliensis, 18 December 2013, L. Quijada, I. Perez-Vargas, J. Díaz-Armas &amp; J. Kout (TFC Mic. 24411!, 24413!). Idem, on wood of Periploca laevigata, 18 December 2013, L. Quijada, I. Perez-Vargas, J. Díaz-Armas &amp; J. Kout (TFC Mic. 24428!, 24429!, 24431!). Granadilla de Abona, La Martela, 28°08’29’’N, 16°37’11’’W, 1195 m, typical Canary pine woodland, on wood of Pinus canariensis, 6 March 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23356!, 23357!, 23358!, 23359!, 23360!). Idem, on wood of Cistus symphytifolius, 19 April 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23638!, 23639!). Idem, on wood of Cistus monspeliensis, 9 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23951!). La Matanza de Acentejo, Punta del Sol, 28°27’12’’N, 16°28’21’’W, 43 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Rhamnus crenulata, 21 November 2009, L. Quijada, R. Castro &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22544!). Idem, on wood of Periploca laevigata, 21 November 2009, L. Quijada, R. Castro &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22554!, 22556!). La Orotava, Escobón Cortado, 28°19’51’’N, 16°31’51’’W, 1586 m, typical Canary pine woodland, on wood of Chamaecytisus proliferus, 28 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24010!). Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Anaga Rural Park, Hoya el Laurel, 28°31’53’’N, 16°11’53’’W, 305 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Lavandula canariensis, 5 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23919!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— The species has been reported in the northern hemisphere, in Europe (Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden), Africa (Morocco), Asia (India, Sri Lanka), North America and Central America (Cuba). In the southern hemisphere, in Australia, New Zealand and South America (Brazil). Growing on angiosperms (Castanea, Carpinus, Clerodendron, Fagus, Quercus and Ulex) and gymnosperms (Pinus). Occurring all year round, being more abundant in spring (Albertini &amp; Schweinitz 1805, Ascofrance 2015, GBIF, Pande 2008, Priou 2005, Rubio 2013, Spooner 1987, Su et al. 2011). However, O. vinosa has been applied in very different ways, including O. luteorubella or related species. Orbilia vinosa shows a wide range of distribution in Macaronesia. It develops in north and south slopes between autumn to spring, in Euphorbia scrubs up to the pine forest (43–1195 m). Growing on wood of angiosperms (Atalanthus, Chamaecytisus, Cistus, Euphorbia, Lavandula, Periploca and Rhamnus) and gymnosperms (Pinus).</p> <p>Remarks:— In 1987, Spooner explained some problems with the type of Peziza vinosa (Alb. &amp; Schwein), probably lost and poorly explained in the original description (Albertini &amp; Schweinitz 1805). For that reason, he took up Rehm’s (1891) concept, describing and illustrating a similar collection growing in a similar geographic area (Europe) and substrate (Quercus sp.) as in the original description. Our samples match quite well Spooner’s descriptions and drawings, and also the recent collections described by Priou (2005) from France.</p> <p>Orbilia vinosa can be confused with O. hesperidea Rolland, but differs in its narrower ascospores. O. luteorubella (Nyl.) P. Karst. differs from O. vinosa in having dead asci with a truncate, thin-walled apex, and thinner spore bodies, also in capitate paraphyses and smaller ascospores, based on specimens collected in Tenerife that resemble O. luteorubella. Orbilia acicularis Baral &amp; Hong Y. Su (Su et al. 2011) differs from O. vinosa by the same characteristics, except that ascospore size and shape is very similar to O. vinosa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B42FFDA1E8FE205FC8A7AEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B44FFD91E8FE1F5FD837E6B.text	03D1A6144B44FFD91E8FE1F5FD837E6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia vitalbae Rehm	<div><p>Orbilia vitalbae Rehm, in Ade, Hedwigia 64: 315 (1923) (Fig. 8)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.3–0.6 mm in diam., up to 0.2 mm high, subgregarious, medium yellowish pink (29. m. y Pink) to grayish reddish orange (39. gy. R O), superdicial, disc flat to convex, margin finely crenulate and not protruding. Asci *40– 49(53) × (4.1)4.4–4.8 μm, †33–43.4 × 3.5–4.2 μm; apex thin-walled, truncate; cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 2-seriate with 2–3 lower spores inverted, pars sporifera *21–27 μm; with a long thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *6.6–7.2(8) × 1.6–2.1 μm, †6–6.6 × 1.6–1.9 μm; ellipsoid to subcylindrical or fusoid-clavate, apex obtuse to subacute, rarely slightly attenuated at the base, straight to slightly inequilateral; SBs *(3.1)3.7–4.6 × 0.5–0.8(1) μm, pear- to stomach-shaped, apical half filiform to subulate, attached by a narrow or wide point. Paraphyses medium to very strongly clavate-capitate, 2–3-septate; terminal cell *11–19(21) × 3.1–4.3 μm, cell below *8–13(15) × (1.3)1.5–2.1 μm; unbranched or branched below second cell; exudate over paraphyses lacking or up to 0.7 μm thick, grayish yellow (90. gy. Y), continuous and firmly attached; with light gray (264. l. Gray) globose SCBs *0.8–1.6 μm diam. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *(36)64–78(105) μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis, *(5)12–16 μm thick; hyaline, not gelatinized, without exudate. Cells of ectal excipulum *(9)11– 13(16) × (7)8.5–10(12) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.4–0.6 μm; *(5)6.5–7(8.5) × (2.7)4.5–5(6.5) μm at margin; with light gray (264. l. Gray) globose SCBs *0.8–1.6 μm diam.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Vilaflor, Lomo Gordo, 28°10’09’’N, 16°38’11’’W, 1590 m, typical Canary pine woodland, on bark of Sideritis soluta, 9 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23937!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— The species has been reported in the northern hemisphere in Europe (Germany). Growing on decayed bark of Clematis. Occurring in spring (Ade 1923, GBIF), but many recent European collections show the species to occur from spring till autumn on various woody or herbaceous substrates (Baral et al. in prep.). By now, this species has only been found once in Macaronesia. It was in spring and on bark of Sideritis in a pine forest above 1500 m of altitude.</p> <p>Remarks:— Orbilia vitalbae was described by Rehm with ascospores 5–6 × 2–2.5 μm and asci 20–33 × 4.5–5.5 μm (Ade 1923). The Macaronesian collections differ hereof in longer and narrower spores and asci. A restudy of the lectotype by one of us (H.B.) revealed a very complex case of a mixed collection. The lectotype proposed in Baral et al. (in prep.) shows spores and asci of corresponding length with Macaronesian collections, though distinctly wider, which was also the case in many of the recent European collections studied.</p> <p>To safely identify this taxon, characters of living specimens, particularly spore bodies, are fundamental. Without this feature O. vitalbae could be confused with other species of Orbilia with a different spore body shape, but with a similar ascospore morphology, such as Orbilia cardui Velen., O. rosella (Rehm) Sacc., and O. eucalypti. Since Rehm’s description is without vital elements, the identity of the lectotype is derived based on recent collections on Clematis, which show spore bodies as figured here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B44FFD91E8FE1F5FD837E6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B47FFC71E8FE5C1FC25781B.text	03D1A6144B47FFC71E8FE5C1FC25781B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia dryadum (Velen.) Baral & E. Weber	<div><p>Orbilia dryadum (Velen.) Baral &amp; E. Weber, comb. &amp; stat. nov. (Fig. 9) MB 813956</p> <p>Basionym: Orbilia alnea Velen. var. dryadum Velen., Monogr. Discomyc. Bohem. (Prague): 93 (1934)</p> <p>Apothecia (0.4–) 0.6–1 mm in diam., 0.1–0.2 mm high, scattered to gregarious, pale yellow (89. p. Y) to medium orange yellow (71. m. OY), superficial, disc slightly concave to flat, round to slightly undulating, margin distinct and smooth. Asci *(29)32.5–35(41) × (2.7)3–3.3(3.5) μm, †(21)25–29(31) × 2.3–3 μm; cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores (1)2–3- seriate with (2)3–4(6) lower spores inverted (often mixed), pars sporifera *8–16 μm; with a short thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *2.7–3.4 × (0.9)1–1.3 μm, †1.7–3 × 0.8–1 μm; cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight (rarely inequilateral); SBs *(0.4)0.5–0.6(0.7) μm diam., globose. Paraphyses medium to strongly capitate to clavate, 2(3)-septate; terminal cell *(12.5)15–17(19.5) × (2)3–3.5(4) μm, cell below *(4)5.3–6.3(8.5) × 1.4–2.3 μm; not branched; usually without exudate or with a very thin and firmly attached layer (only up to 0.3 μm thick); SCBs globose, light gray (264. l. Gray), one or several large filling the apical cell. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *(30)67–95(147) μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis, *(7.7)15–20(29) μm thick; hyaline, not or slightly gelatinized, without exudate. Cells of ectal excipulum *(8.8)14–16(19.5) × (6.7)9.5–11(13.5) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.2–0.6 μm; *(4)5.5–6.5(9.7) × (3)3.8–4.5(6) μm at margin, without or with sparse light gray (264. l. Gray) globose SCBs in marginal cortical cells.</p> <p>Previously reported specimens revised and corrected:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Cruz del Carmen, (coordinates, altitude and vegetation no data), on decayed wood, 7 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM-000245!). Idem, Las Hiedras, (coordinates, altitude and vegetation no data), on angiosperm wood, 7 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM-000273!, CUP-MM-000299!). Idem, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Roque los Pasos, (coordinates, altitude and vegetation no data), on Morella faya, 10 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM-000434!). All erroneously reported as Orbilia epipora in Korf (1992).</p> <p>2c. cells at base, 2a. section at lower flank. 3. Living and dead asci. 4. Dead and living paraphyses. 5. Living ascospores. 500 μm= 1c–n;</p> <p>100 μm= 1a–b; 50 μm= 2a; 10 μm= 2b–d, 3a–d, 4a–c, 5a–c. Mounted in: CR = 3c, 4a; H 2 O = 2a–d, 3a–b, 4b–c, 5a–c; MLZ = 3d. Photos: TFC Mic. 23601= 1h–j, 3b, 5a; TFC Mic. 23627= 1k–n, 2a, 4b, 5c; TFC Mic. 24109= 1c–g, 2b–d, 3a, 3c–d, 4a, 4c, 5b; TFC Mic. 24302=</p> <p>1a–b.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, El Rosario, Montaña Grande, 28°25’51’’N, 16°23’05’’W, 1199 m, humid Canary pine woodland, on wood of Adenocarpus foliolosus, 3 October 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23601!). Idem, 20 September 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24302!). La Laguna, Anaga Rural Park, near Las Mercedes, Hija Cambada, 28°31’44’’N, 16°17’10’’W, 845 m, humid evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Ocotea foetens branch, 18 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24109!). La Matanza de Acentejo, Montaña la Morra, 28°24’40’’N, 16°24’59’’W, 1521 m, humid Canary pine woodland, on wood of Chamaecytisus proliferus branch, 3 October 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23627!). Idem, on wood of Adenocarpus foliolosus, 20 June 2014, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 21216!). Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Anaga Rural Park, Piedra Chinobre, 28°33’30’’N, 16°10’29’’W, 901 m, Erica platycodon ridge-crest evergreen forest, on wood of Erica platycodon, 20 January 2011, L. Quijada, E. Rodríguez &amp; J. Díaz-Armas (TFC Mic. 23057!, 23204!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— This species had been only reported from the type collection in the northern hemisphere, in Europe (Czech Republic). Growing on wood of Tilia. Occurring in autumn (Velenovský 1934). O. dryadum was found to be plurivorous in Europe and Macaronesia on rotten hygric wood of various angio- and gymnosperms, occurring throughout the year (Baral et al. in prep., present study).</p> <p>Remarks:— Orbilia dryadum is characterized by cylindrical, almost straight, small, comparatively wide ascospores with globose SBs very close to the apex, and medium to mostly strongly capitate paraphyses without or with sparse exudate. The similar O. epipora is separated by slightly longer and narrower spores, comparatively shorter asci, without ever presenting strongly capitate paraphyses (in the living state), consistently white apothecia, which often grow densely gregarious over large areas (a feature never seen in O. dryadum), and in the Dactylella -like anamorph with distinctly smaller, especially narrower conidia with less septa (Baral et al. in prep.).</p> <p>Velenovský gave in 1934 a very short documentation of Orbilia alnea var. dryadum. The revision of the holotype (PRM 151745) by one of us (H.B.) revealed cylindric ascospores (†2.7–3.8 × 1–1.2 μm) and 8-spored asci (†25–29 × 2.8–3.3 μm) (Baral et al. in prep.). These characters match with the description present here, except that the dead spores were found to be distinctly smaller and the dead asci slightly narrower.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B47FFC71E8FE5C1FC25781B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B59FFC41E8FE3D9FADE79F3.text	03D1A6144B59FFC41E8FE3D9FADE79F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia eucalypti (W. Phillips & Harkn.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. (Abellini	<div><p>Orbilia eucalypti (W. Phillips &amp; Harkn.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. (Abellini) 8: 628 (1889) (Fig. 10)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.4–1.1(–1.4) mm in diam., 0.1–0.3 mm high, scattered to gregarious, light orange yellow (70. l. OY) to deep orange (51. deep O), superficial, disc slightly concave to flat, round to slightly undulating, margin distinct and smooth. Asci *(40)48–53(61) × (3.3)3.7–4.4 μm, †(32)38–43(49.5) × 2.5–3.4 μm; cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 1-seriate with 2–5 lower spores inverted, pars sporifera *14–26 μm; with a long thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *(3.5)4.3–4.7(5.7) × (1.7)2–2.4 μm, †3.5–4.8 × 1.4–2 μm; ellipsoid to fusoid-clavate, apex rounded to obtuse, straight to inequilateral, rarely slightly curved in the narrower lower part; SBs *(0.2)0.4–0.5(0.8) μm diam., globose, surrounded by 2–4 LBs of similar size. Paraphyses medium to strongly clavate (capitate), sometimes slightly spathulate, 2–4-septate; terminal cell *(14.5)19–21.5(25.5) × (2.2)3–3.3(4) μm, cell below *(6.3)8.8–10.5(13.2) × 1.4–2.3 μm; usually branched below second cell; usually without or with bright yellow (84. s. Y) exudate over paraphyses (0.3–1.6 μm thick), continuous or finely granular, firmly attached; SCBs globose, light gray (264. l. Gray), *0.3–2.8 μm diam., sparse to abundant in the apical cell. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *48–117 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, *8–30 μm thick; hyaline, not gelatinized, with or without a continuous or wrinkled to granular layer of grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) to medium orange (53. m. O) amorphous exudate at margin, 0.9–2.5 μm thick. Cells of ectal excipulum *(7.5)11–13(18) × (4.5)8–9.5(11.5) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.2–0.8 μm; *(5)6.3–7(8) × (2.6)3.4–4(5.8) μm at margin, without or with sparse, light gray (264. l. Gray) globose SCBs in marginal cells, 0.6–1.6 μm diam.</p> <p>Previously reported specimens revised and corrected (all as Orbilia alnea in Beltrán-Tejera et al. 2008 and Korf 1992): — SPAIN. Canary Islands: Gomera, Hermigua, National Park of Garajonay, 28°06’52’’N, 17°13’46’’W, 1090 m, evergreen laurel forest, on Laurus novocanariensis, 14 February 2001, E. Beltrán-Tejera et al. (TFC Mic. 14333!). Idem, Vallehermoso, 28°06’32’’N, 17°15’44’’W, 1090 m, evergreen laurel forest, on Euphorbia berthelotii, 20 January 2001, E. Beltrán-Tejera et al. (TFC Mic. 14352!). Idem, Peraza, (coordinates, altitude and vegetation no data), in xerophytic zone, on midrib of palm, 13 January 1990, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 2675, probably O. eucalypti based on measures and drawing of the publication). Idem, El Rosario, La Esperanza, (coordinates and vegetation no data), 1021–1066 m on bark of unidentified substrate, 17 February 1990, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 2726, idem).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Adeje, Barranco de Erques, 28°09’46’’N, 16°46’54’’W, 225 m, Euphorbia balsamifera scrub, on wood of Euphorbia balsamifera, 6 December 2009, L. Quijada &amp; R. Castro (TFC Mic. 22644!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia lamarckii, 6 December 2009, L. Quijada &amp; R. Castro (TFC Mic. 22650!, 22652!, 22653!, 22654!, 22658!). Idem, Lomo el Dornajito, 28°11’33’’N, 16°40’05’’W, 2081 m, Canary pine woodland with summit brooms, on wood of Pinus canariensis, 12 December 2011, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23291!). Idem, 19 April 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23449!). Arafo, Montaña Ismana, 28°22’22’’N, 16°27’39’’W, 1854 m, typical Canary pine woodland, on wood of Pinus canariensis, 20 June 2014, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 21138!). Arico, Morro de la Caleta, 28°10’11’’N, 16°25’52’’W, 40 m, Euphorbia balsamifera scrub, on wood of Euphorbia balsamifera, 5 February 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22517!, 22526!, 22527!). Idem, 22 March 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 21747!, 21759!, 21760!, 21761!, 21762!, 21763!, 21764!, 21765!, 21766!). Idem, Lomo las Toscas, 28°08’33’’N, 16°27’09’’W, 39 m, Euphorbia balsamifera scrub, on wood of Euphorbia balsamifera, 17 October 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22424!, 22437!, 22429!, 22431!, 22433!). Buenavista del Norte, Teno Rural Park, Lomo las Toldas, 28°21’33’’N, 16°53’58’’W, 174 m, Euphorbia balsamifera scrub, on wood of Euphorbia aphylla, 8 November 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22493!, 22496!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia lamarckii, 8 Nov 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22498!). Idem, 27 December 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23827!, 23829!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia balsamifera, 27 December 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23834!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia aphylla, 27 December 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23837!, 23838!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia aphylla, 18 May 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24224!, 24223!). Fasnia, La Morra los Cardones, 28°14’47’’N, 16°25’47’’W, 346 m, Euphorbia atropurpurea scrub, on wood of Euphorbia atropurpurea, 5 February 2010, L. Quijada &amp; J. Díaz-Armas (TFC Mic. 22831!). Idem, 18 December 2013, L. Quijada, J. Díaz-Armas &amp; I. Pérez-Vargas (TFC Mic. 24398!, 24403!, 24405!). Granadilla de Abona, La Martela, 28°08’29’’N, 16°37’11’’W, 1195 m, typical Canary pine woodland, on wood of Euphorbia lamarckii, 9 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23947!). Guía de Isora, next to National Park of Teide, El Morro los Cerrillos, 28°15’10’’N, 16°42’38’’W, 2010 m, meso-oromediterranean summit broom scrub, on wood of Adenocarpus viscosus, 7 February 2014, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24485!). Güimar, Las Salinas, 28°18’13’’N, 16°21’51’’W, 7 m, Euphorbia balsamifera scrub, on wood of Euphorbia balsamifera, 5 November 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22465!, 22472!, 22481!, 22482!). Idem, Montaña Colorada, 28°18’37’’N, 16°22’16’’W, 103 m, Euphorbia balsamifera scrub, on wood of Euphorbia balsamifera, 4 January 2014, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24464!, 24465!, 24466!, 24467!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia canariensis, 4 January 2014, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24474!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia lamarckii, 4 January 2014, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24470!, 24471!). Idem, 22 November 2014, L. Quijada, R. Negrín &amp; J. Kout (TFC Mic. 21551!). La Laguna, Anaga Rural Park, Andén de la Cruz, 28°34’03’’N, 16°18’06’’W, 337 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Euphorbia lamarckii, 11 October 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22368!, 22369!, 22371!). Idem, 29 December 2013, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 24456!). La Matanza de Acentejo, Punta del Sol, 28°27’12’’N, 16°28’21’’W, 43 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Euphorbia lamarckii, 2 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; I. Pérez-Vargas (TFC Mic. 23895!, 23896!, 23897!). Idem, on bark and wood of Rumex lunaria, 2 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; I. Pérez-Vargas (TFC Mic. 23888!). La Orotava, Lomo Tieso, 28°19’08’’N, 16°33’29’’W, 1785 m, Canary pine woodland with summit brooms, on wood of Chamaecytisus proliferus, 28 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24003!). Idem, Montaña los Escodesos, 28°20’46’’N, 16°31’04’’W, 1430 m, humid Canary pine woodland, on wood of Chamaecytisus proliferus, 19 December 2011, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23311!). Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Anaga Rural Park, Hoya el Viñátigo, 28°31’42’’N, 16°16’40’’W, 782 m, dry evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 5 February 2011, L. Quijada, R. Castro, A. Romero &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 23099!). Idem, Descansaderos de Tierra, 28°32’21’’N, 16°13’25’’W, 861 m, Erica platycodon ridge-crest evergreen forest, on wood of Morella faya, 7 March 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23386!). Idem, Hoya el Laurel, 28°31’53’’N, 16°11’53’’W, 305 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Euphorbia lamarckii, 5 March 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23908!, 23910!, 23912!). Santiago del Teide, La Gollada, 28°16’45’’N, 16°48’05’’W, 1046 m, Euphorbia atropurpurea scrub, on wood of Euphorbia atropurpurea, 13 April 2013, L. Quijada, C. Gonzalez-Montelongo &amp; I. Pérez-Vargas (TFC Mic. 24078!, 24083!). San Miguel de Abona, Llanos de Amarilla, 28°00’59’’N, 16°38’02’’W, 35 m, Euphorbia balsamifera scrub, on wood of Euphorbia balsamifera, 14 April 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22043!). Tacoronte, La Cardonera, 28°29’47’’N, 16°25’29’’W, 58 m, Euphorbia balsamifera scrub, on wood of Euphorbia balsamifera, 26 November 2009, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22623!, 22624!). Idem, 30 October 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24346!, 24352!, 24353!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— Due to its taxonomical problems, which involve frequent confusion, e.g., with Orbilia coccinella and O. xanthostigma, we only show here the distribution and ecology found in the literature for specimens reported under the name O. eucalypti. This species has been reported in northern hemisphere in Europe (France, Norway, Lithuania, Luxembourg, United Kingdom) and North America (California). Growing on angiosperms (Laurus, Phoenix, Quercus), rarely gymnosperms (cf. Taxu s), also on succulents (Euphorbia). Occurring throughout the year, especially from autumn to spring (Baral &amp; Kutorga 2010, GBIF, Korf 1992, Beltrán-Tejera et al. 2008). The species shows the highest ecological amplitude of the genus Orbilia in Macaronesia. It appears from the coast to the summit in the Canary Islands. Occurring in the driest vegetation (Euphorbia scrubs in the lowlands), as well in the laurel forest on the northern slopes and also in the pine forest at northern and southern slopes, at mid elevations (500–1500 m) where the pluviometry is the highest, and also in the broom summit scrubs at the top of the islands, characterized by harsh climatic conditions (day/night temperature) with snow precipitation during the cold period.</p> <p>Remarks:— Orbilia eucalypti has a complicated taxonomical history due to its confusion with other taxa of Orbilia, especially with O. coccinella and O. xanthostigma. The true identity of O. coccinella as a species with 16- spored asci and strongly curved spores as well as the synonymization of O. alnea with O. eucalypti were revealed based on type studies, being briefly pointed out in Baral &amp; Kutorga (2010) and treated in detail in Baral et al. (in prep.). The first name commonly used to refer to species of Orbilia with small ellipsoid ascospores was O. coccinella Fr. (Nylander 1869, Karsten 1869, Gillet 1882, Saccardo 1889, etc.), a name which was based on the illegitime name Peziza coccinella Sommerf. Nannfeldt (1932: 252) had re-examined Sommerfelt’s type and found it greatly different from the current concept, but apparently did not recognize its distinctive hymenial characters. Based on Nannfeldt’s note, the name O. alnea Velen. was much later adopted for the ellipsoid-spored species. This name reappeared apparently for the first time in Clark (1980), followed by different authors (Ellis &amp; Ellis 1985, Korf 1992). For this reason, Liu et al. (2006) cited the present taxon as O. coccinella s. auct. (= O. alnea). However, Ellis &amp; Ellis (and also Clark) made a distinction among British specimens between O. alnea with orange apothecia and narrowly ellipsoid spores 3–5 × 1–1.5 μm, and O. coccinella with smaller red apothecia and spores 4–5 × 2.5 μm.</p> <p>In the original description, Orbilia eucalypti was described with tiny reddish to flesh coloured apothecia with smooth margin, asci well defined, ovoid-ellipsoid ascospores 7 × 3.5 μm (an error for 7 × 2.5 μm, according to the sketch in the holotype convolute in K, †5.2–7 × 1.8–2.4 μm when re-examined), and filiform paraphyses with a pyriform apex (Saccardo 1889). In Baral et al. (in prep.) the concept of this species will include a huge number of collections, with combined data of ascospores being *(3)3.5–6(9) × 1.8–2.5(3) μm, which agrees with the present Macaronesian data. O. eucalypti varies in spore size among collections, and this was also observed in the samples from Tenerife.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B59FFC41E8FE3D9FADE79F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B5AFFC41E8FE2F8FEEB7DC9.text	03D1A6144B5AFFC41E8FE2F8FEEB7DC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia tenuissima Speg.	<div><p>Orbilia tenuissima Speg., Anal. Soc. cient. argent. 26(1): 59 (1888) (Fig. 11)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.8–1 mm in diam., 0.1–0.2 mm high, scattered, pale yellow (89. p. Y) to light orange yellow (67. l. OY), superficial, disc slightly concave to flat, round, margin distinct and crenulate. Asci †(33)33–40 × 2.4–3.5 μm, cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 2–3-seriate, pars sporifera †18–21 μm; with a short- to long-stalked bifurcate base. Ascospores †(9–)10–11(12.7) × (0.7–)0.8–1 μm; subulate, slightly to medium curved (falcate); SBs partially visible, rod-shaped, †1.3–1.6 × 0.4–0.6 μm. Paraphyses uninflated, cylindric to apically slightly to medium clavate, terminal cell †12.5–19 × 1.5–2 μm, lower cells †8–9.5 × 1–1.4 μm; unbranched at upper septum; trace of cylindric-globose drops observed; exudate over paraphyses 1.5–3 μm thick, cloddy and loosely attached or cap like and firmly attached. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, †(50)93–108 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, glassy processes on cortical cells (5)9–19 μm long, high-refractive, zonate. Cells of ectal excipulum †(11)13–16(19.5) × (7.5)10–14(17) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness †0.3–1 μm; †6–8(9.4) × 2.6–3 μm at margin, without visible remnants of SCBs in cortical cells at margin.</p> <p>Previously reported specimens revised:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Anaga, Monte de las Mercedes, (coordinates and altitude no data), evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 12 April 1972, F. E. Eckblad (CUP-MM 1132!). Erroneously reported as Orbilia auricolor in Korf (1992).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— This species had only been reported in the southern hemisphere in South America (Paraguay). Growing on petioles of Epipremnum. Occurring in spring (Spegazzini 1888). In Macaronesia it was once found in the laurel forest on angiosperm wood (Laurus) in the same season.</p> <p>Remarks:— Spegazzini (1888) described O. tenuissima with pale amber-coloured, very thin, smooth apothecia 0.5–1 mm diam., asci 30 × 3–4 μm, and curved, cylindric-fusoid spores 8–11 × 0.5–1 μm. The holotype was re-examined in Baral et al. (in prep.). Orbilia tenuissima was erroneously reported to the Canary Islands as O. auricolor (Korf 1992). Until now, no sample found in the Canary Islands corresponds to O. auricolor, but we have found some collections related to O. auricolor.</p> <p>Orbilia auricolor differs from O. tenuissima in the absence of cell rows at the margin and also in a tendency to larger asci and spores. Delimitation from O. fimicoloides J. Webster &amp; Spooner is problematic, however, since this species concurs with O. tenuissima in the marginal cell rows, but mainly differs in wider ascospores. The Macaronesian collection is somewhat deviating in having rather long asci and also extraordinarily long spores, therefore, its identity is not fully certain.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B5AFFC41E8FE2F8FEEB7DC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B5AFFC01E8FE695FB2D7FD7.text	03D1A6144B5AFFC01E8FE695FB2D7FD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia xanthostigma (Fr.) Fr., Summa	<div><p>Orbilia xanthostigma (Fr.) Fr., Summa veg. Scand., Sectio Post. (Stockholm): 357 (1849) (Fig. 12)</p> <p>= Orbilia delicatula (P. Karst.) P. Karst., Not. Sällsk. Fauna et Fl. Fenn. Förh. 11: 248 (1870) [1871]</p> <p>Apothecia (0.4)0.7–1(1.7) mm in diam., up to 0.2 mm high, scattered to strongly gregarious, sessile, pale orange yellow (73. p. OY) to deep orange (51. deep O), superficial, disc slightly concave to flat, round to slightly undulating, several times lobate if large, margin distinct or not, smooth. Asci *(29.5)35.5–41(49) × (2.8)3–3.5(4) μm, †(25.3)28.5–31(36.5) × 2–3 μm; apex of dead asci thin-walled, truncate; cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 1–2-seriate with spores oriented in all directions: laterally in middle part, upwards near apex, downwards near base, pars sporifera *8–14 μm; with a long thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *(1.9)2.2–2.4(2.7) × 1–1.4 μm, †2.1–2.3 × 1–1.2 μm; reniform, strongly curved and, ends rounded, outer side with distinct warts; SBs *(0.4)0.6–0.7(0.8) μm diam., globose, at one end. Paraphyses medium to strongly clavate to capitate, 2–3-septate; terminal cell *(15)17.8–19.5(23) × (2.2)2.7–3(3.7) μm, cell below *(5)6.5– 7.3(9.5) × 1.4–2 μm; usually branched below second cell; without exudate; with several large, globose to cylindrical, pale yellow (89. p. Y) to brilliant orange yellow (67. brill. OY) LBs. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *46–113 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, *5–37 μm; hyaline, not gelatinized, without exudate. Cells of ectal excipulum *(10)16.3–19(25.7) × (6.7)11.7–14.5(19.5) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.2–0.7 μm; *(4)6.3–7.7(10) × (3.5)4.4–5(6) μm at margin, without or rarely with abundant pale yellow (89. p. Y) to vivid orange (66. v. OY) globose LBs.</p> <p>tissues in median section. 5. Ascospores. 500 μm= 1a-i; 50 μm= 4a; 10 μm= 2a-g, 3a-f, 4b; 5 μm= 5a-e. Mounted in: CR= 2a, 2e, 3b, 4a,</p> <p>5e; H 2 O= 2b-d, 2f, 3a, 3c-f, 4b, 5a-d.. Photos: TFC Mic. 23388= 5a; TFC Mic. 23393= 1g, 2c, 3a, 4a; TFC Mic. 23413= 1e-f, 3c; TFC Mic. 23485= 3d, 5b; TFC Mic. 23506= 3e, 5c; TFC Mic. 23517= 2d; TFC Mic. 23688= 2a, 3b, 5e; TFC Mic. 23690= 1a-d, 2e-f, 4b.</p> <p>Previously reported specimens revised and corrected:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Los Silos, Teno Rural Park, 28°19’52’’N, 16°49’39’’W, 990 m, evergreen laurel forest, on unidentified decaying bark, 2 November 1987, Beltrán-Tejera et al. (TFC Mic. 3207!). Idem, 22 February 1988, Beltrán-Tejera et al. (TFC Mic. 3193!). Idem, Las Mercedes, (coordinates, altitude and vegetation no data), on wood, 18 January 1974, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 1146, 1147). Idem, on fallen angiosperm tree, 26 May 1974, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 1096). Idem, on wood, 20 April 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 1154). Idem, 28 December 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 1193). Idem, on rotten wood, 30 December 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 1254, 1258). Idem, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Llano de los viejos, (coordinates, altitude and vegetation no data), on decayed wood, 5 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 93). Idem, entrance Las Mercedes, (coordinates, altitude and vegetation no data), on stump, 10 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 471 B). Idem, Las Hiedras, (coordinates, altitude and vegetation no data), on wet decorticated wood, 7 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 265 A, 279). Idem, on decorticated wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 7 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 295). Idem, on wood, 12 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 557, 589, 610). Gomera, Valle Gran Rey, National Park of Garajonay, 28°08’52’’N, 17°17’39’’W (erroneously as 16°), 1070 m, evergreen laurel forest, on unidentified wood, 24 November 2012, Fernández-Vicente et al. (TFC Mic. 24294). La Palma, Los Tilos, (coordination altitude and vegetation no data), on decorticated log, 14 January 1976, R. P. Korf et al. (CUP-MM 650). All reported as Orbilia delicatula in Beltrán-Tejera et al. (1989), Korf (1992) and Fernández-Vicente et al. (2012).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, El Rosario, Montaña Grande, 28°25’51’’N, 16°23’05’’W, 1199 m, humid Canary pine woodland, on wood of Morella faya, 20 September 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada, (TFC Mic. 24294!, 24297!). La Laguna, Anaga Rural Park, Hija Cambada, 28°31’44’’N, 16°17’10’’W, 845 m, humid evergreen laurel forest, on bark and wood of Morella faya, 18 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada, (TFC Mic. 24099!, 24103!, 24108!, 24134!, 24136!). Idem, on wood of Erica arborea, 18 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada, (TFC Mic. 24108!). Idem, on wood of Ocotea foetens, 18 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada, (TFC Mic. 24112!, 24121!, 24124!). Idem, on wood of Apollonias barbujana, 18 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada, (TFC Mic. 24139!). Los Silos, Teno Rural Park, Lomo Alto, 28°20’04’’N, 16°49’22’’W, 749 m, dry evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 4 May 2012, L. Quijada, J. Díaz-Armas &amp; I. Pérez-Vargas (TFC Mic. 23485!). Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Anaga Rural Park, El Pijaral, 28°33’11’’N, 16°11’18’’W, 776 m, humid evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. hixa, 19 February 2011, L. Quijada, R. Castro &amp; I. Pérez-Vargas (TFC Mic. 23126!, 23141!). Idem, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 19 February 2011, L. Quijada, R. Castro &amp; I. Pérez-Vargas (TFC Mic. 23132!, 23151!). Idem, on wood of Morella faya, 13 August 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24245!, 24246!). Idem, on wood of Erica arborea, 13 August 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24249!, 24250!, 24251!). Idem, on wood of Ilex canariensis, 13 August 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24261!). Idem, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 13 August 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24266!, 24271!). Idem, on wood of Prunus lusitanica, 17 Oct 2014, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 21423!). Idem, Lomo Juan Antonio, 28°33’07’’N, 16°11’05’’W, 815 m, hygrophilous evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Ocotea foetens, 10 Apr 2011, L. Quijada, R. Castro &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 23163!). Idem, on wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. hixa, 10 April 2011, L. Quijada, R. Castro &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 23173!). Idem, on wood of Ocotea foetens, 19 October 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24307!, 24311!, 24313!). Idem, on wood of Morella faya, 19 October 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24316!). Idem, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 19 October 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24319!). Idem, Descansaderos de Tierra, 28°32’21’’N, 16°13’25’’W, 861 m, Erica platycodon ridge-crest evergreen forest, on wood of Morella faya, 7 March 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23385!, 23388!). Idem, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 7 March 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23393!). Idem, on wood of Erica platycodon, 7 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24060!). Idem, on bark of Ilex canariensis, 7 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24069!). Idem, Cabezo de la Mina, 28°33’20’’N, 16°11’02’’W, 799 m, Erica platycodon ridge-crest evergreen forest, on wood of Erica platycodon, 28 April 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23499!). Idem, on wood of Morella faya, 28 April 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23506!, 23509!). Idem, on wood and bark of Laurus novocanariensis, 28 April 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23513!). Idem, 19 October 2013, on wood of Erica platycodon, 28 April 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23499!, 24332!, 24334!, 24336!). Idem, Barranco de la Mina, 28°33’12’’N, 16°11’05’’W, 781 m, hygrophilous evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. hixa, 24 October 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23688!). Idem, on wood of Erica arborea, 24 October 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23690!, 23692!). Idem, Piedra Chinobre, 28°33’30’’N, 16°10’29’’W, 901 m, Erica platycodon ridge-crest evergreen forest, on wood of Morella faya, 7 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24023!). Idem, on wood of Erica platycodon, 7 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24025!). Idem, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 7 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24028!). Idem, on wood of Ilex canariensis, 7 April 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24045!). Idem, Rosa Alta, 28°33’11’’N, 16°11’16’’W, 763 m, hygrophilous evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 13 August 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24273!). Idem, on wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. hixa, 13 August 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24274!). Idem, on wood of Ilex canariensis, 13 August 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24281!). Idem, on wood of Ilex canariensis, 24 October 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23672!). Tegueste, Anaga Rural Park, Hoya Zapata, 28°31’51’’N, 16°17’46’’W, 818 m, humid evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 22 March 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23399!, 23413!). Idem, on wood of Persea indica, 8 May 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24180!, 24183!). Idem, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 8 May 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24190!, 24193!). Idem, on wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. hixa, 8 May 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24214!). Idem, Hoya el Palomo, 28°32’03’’N, 16°19’37’’W, 639 m, dry evergreen laurel forest, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 2 May 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23474!). Idem, on wood of Morella faya, 2 May 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23476!). Idem, on wood of Laurus novocanariensis, 16 June 2012, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 23532!, 23545!, 23546!). Idem, on wood of Ilex canariensis, 16 June 2012, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 23553!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— Based on literature data under the names Orbilia delicatula as redefined by Spooner (1987), and prior to that date as O. xanthostigma, this species has been reported in the northern hemisphere in Europe (Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and many other countries), the Canay Islands (La Palma, Gomera, Tenerife), and North America (Canada, United States), and in the southern hemisphere in New Zealand and Africa (Republic of South Africa). Growing on angiosperms (e.g., Alnus, Betula, Fagus, Laurus, Quercus), also on gymnosperms (Pinus). Occurring from spring to autumn, while few reports have been made in winter (ASCOFRANCE 2015, Baral et al. in prep., Beltrán-Tejera et al. 1989, Cash 1938, GBIF, Iglesias et al. 2013, Korf 1992). In Macaronesia this species occurs in different forest types that are influenced by tradewinds: humid pine forest, evergreen laurel forest (dry, humid, and hygrophilous), and Erica platycodon ridge-crest evergreen forest. All the year round, between ~700 to ~ 1200 m, on angiosperm host trees belonging to Lauraceae (Apollonias, Laurus, Ocotea), Ericaceae (Erica), Myricaceae (Morella), Rosaceae (Prunus), and Aquifoliaceae (Ilex).</p> <p>Remarks:— Orbilia xanthostigma is easily recognized for its small asci containing 8 small, reniform, warted ascospores which include a globose spore body at one end. The name O. xanthostigma has currently been used over a long time (e.g., by Dennis 1978, Breitenbach &amp; Kränzling 1981, Ellis &amp; Ellis 1985). Since some authors used it differently, and type material does not exist, Spooner (1987) revived the name Orbilia delicatula, and he was the first to describe the remarkable warts on the ascospores. O. xanthostigma is the type species of Orbilia, and it will be neotypified in the sense of yellow European populations in the sense of O. delicatula (Baral et al. in prep.). White European populations with the same microscopic characters were found to be very different in their rDNA, and the name O. leucostigma (Fr.) Fr. will be used for them, based on a neotype, as also this name is without type material. All Macaronesian populations studied showed a more or less yellow to orange colour when fresh, but whether they concur with European yellow populations in their rDNA data is not known and deserves future investigation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B5AFFC01E8FE695FB2D7FD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
03D1A6144B50FFCE1E8FE1D1FCEF7D4B.text	03D1A6144B50FFCE1E8FE1D1FCEF7D4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia gambelii Baral & G. Marson	<div><p>Orbilia gambelii Baral &amp; G. Marson, in Karasch, Dämon, Jaklitsch &amp; Baral, Öst. Z. Pilzk. 14: 286 (2005) (Fig. 14)</p> <p>Apothecia 0.3–0.5 mm in diam., 0.1–0.2 mm high, scattered to gregarious, light orange (52. l. O) to medium orange (53. m. O), superficial, disc flat, margin smooth. Asci *(46.5)50–53(60) × (4.6)5–5.7 μm, †(39)44–50(54.5) × 3.5–5 μm; apex thin walled; cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 1-seriate, with (1)3–4 lower spores inverted (sometimes mixed), pars sporifera *24–32.5 μm; with a long medium bifurcate base. Ascospores *5.2–6.5 × 2.2–3 μm, †4.3–6 × 2–2.5 μm; ellipsoid to obovoid (rarely fusoid), straight to inequilateral, apex obtuse to (sub)acute, base rounded to obtuse; SBs *(3.6)4–4.7(5.5) × 0.3–0.8 μm, filiform to subulate, strongly flexuose to curled. Paraphyses strongly clavate to capitate, 2–3-septate; terminal cell *(9)11.5–14(16) × (3.5)4–4.7(5.5) μm, cell below *(8.5)10.3–12.5(15.5) × 1.2–2 μm; not branched; exudate 0.2–1 μm thick, light yellow (86. l. Y), continuous and closely attached; light gray (264. l. Gray) globose SCBs usually present in apical cell, 0.8–1.6 μm diam., trapezoid SCBs present in cell bellow. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flanks of textura angularis to t. globosa, *40–76 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis, *13–38 μm; hyaline, not gelatinized, without or with a thin and loosely attached, deep yellow (85. deep Y) layer of exudate at margin. Cells of ectal excipulum *(7.5)10–11.5(17) × (5.2)7.7–9(12) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.3–0.9 μm; *(5)7–8(11) × (3)4.7–5.5(7) μm at margin, with grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) annular SCBs 2–4 × 2–3.6 μm.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, La Laguna, Anaga Rural Park, Andén de la Cruz, 28°34’03’’N, 16°18’06’’W, 337 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on Echium leucophaeum, 29 Dec 2013, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 24443!). Idem, on Rubia fruticosa, 29 Dec 2013, L. Quijada &amp; E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 24447!). La Orotava, Teide National Park, Cañada de la Mareta, 28°13’36’’N, 16°36’43’’W, 2190 m, meso-oromediterranean summit broom scrub on Carlina xeranthemoides, 5 Nov 2012, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23751!). Idem, Cuesta la Burra, 28°18’08’’N, 16°34’27’’W, 2075 m, meso-oromediterranean summit broom scrub, on wood of a detached branch of Adenocarpus viscosus, 30 Dec 2013, L. Quijada &amp; C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24371!).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology:— The species has been reported in the northern hemisphere in the Canary Islands (La Palma), Europa [Spain (Guadalajara), France], and North America. Growing in mediterranean regions on xeric wood and bark of various angiosperms (e.g., Chamaecytisus, Jasminum). Occurring throughout the season, from autumn to summer (GBIF, Karasch et al. 2005).</p> <p>Remarks:— All morphological characters fit well the original description (Karasch et al. 2005), although the scope of ascospore length is wider than ours (*4.5–9 μm vs. *5.2–6.5 μm). In the protologue the species was only briefly described, and a full account will be found in the monograph (Baral et al. in prep.).</p> <p>There exist some further unpublished species that resemble Orbilia gambelii. They differ either in having 16- spored asci, or if they have the same number of ascospores, they do not possess annular soluble cytoplasmic bodies, or differ in narrower or shorter ascospores (Baral et al. in prep.).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1A6144B50FFCE1E8FE1D1FCEF7D4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Quijada, Luis;Baral, Hans-Otto;Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza	Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto, Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza (2016): A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands. Phytotaxa 284 (4): 231-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.4.1
