identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D11A22FFC4F75CFDBE6D882715A988.text	03D11A22FFC4F75CFDBE6D882715A988.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caribesella Molero-Baltanás & Gaju-Ricart & Smith 2024	<div><p>Genus Caribesella gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BF259603-3537-47A4-9033-DF6D14FCB007</p><p>Figs 7B, 9A, 10B, 13B–C, 18–19</p><p>Type species</p><p>Acrotelsa impudica Escherich, 1905: 112 .</p><p>Diagnostic description</p><p>Body fusiform, with abundant feathered macrochaetae, as typical in subfamily Ctenolepismatinae . Chaetotaxy of head as shown in Wygodzinsky (1959a: fig. 35), with two subtriangular setal areas on the frontal margin anteromedially interrupted by a wide gap; in each subtriangular area macrochaetae are arranged in longitudinal rows that are longer near the median gap. On each side, there is also a periocular group, an antennal basal setal group that is not clearly separated from the subtriangular frontal group and a smaller group longitudinally elongated at each side. Clypeus with 1+1 tufts of macrochaetae, labrum with disperse setae but lacking tufts (Fig. 18). Scales orbicular (i.e., with their bases extended to surround more or less the posterior part of the socket area), rounded or elliptical, but variable in shape, with numerous thin rays that do not surpass or slightly surpass their apical margins, covering all the body dorsally and ventrally. The scales illustrated by Wygodzinsky (1959a) have not been found (in our opinion, they could be an artifact coming from another insect). Scales covering the scapus, legs (except on tarsal articles) and abdominal styli but absent from the pedicel and the flagellum of the antennae, maxillary and labial palps, and terminal filaments. The scales of appendages are different in size and shape to those covering the body; they are smaller, not orbicular in their basal area, rounded or subquadrangular and with the distal margin more or less denticulate.</p><p>Flagellum of the antenna with trichobothria, trichoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla of several types, as well as coeloconic and chaetic sensilla that are feathered in the basal part of the antenna.</p><p>Labial palp with five papillae on its ultimate article, arranged in a single row. The apical articles of maxillary and labial palps have some basiconic sensilla.</p><p>Pronotum with setal collar. Lateral margins of nota with several combs of macrochaetae; posterior margin with 1+1 combs. Trichobothrial areas of nota open, with the exception of posterior areas of the pronotum, which are closed (Fig. 19G). Thoracic sterna well developed, covering coxae, each one with 1 or 2 pairs of combs of macrochaetae.</p><p>Outer coxal margins with several submarginal combs of macrochaetae. Praetarsi with microtrichia covering the surface of empodium and lateral claws (those of the empodium fused to form parallel ribs). Urotergite I with 1+1 combs of macrochaetae, urotergites II–VII with 3+3 combs, urotergite VIII with 2+2 combs and urotergite IX bare. Urosternites I and II bare, III–VIII with 1+1 lateral combs. Urotergite X triangular, acute or almost acute at its hind apex, with several pairs of combs inserted along their lateral margins, usually 3+3.</p><p>Two pairs of styli on abdominal sternites VIII and IX. Inner process of the coxite IX of the females triangular, with acute apex. Parameres lacking. Ovipositor short, of secondary type, with several spiniform setae on the apical divisions, and at the apex of gonapophyses with short, heavily sclerotized spines, more or less hook-shaped (fossorial).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new genus refers to the Caribbean Sea, with the same ending as the related genus Acrotelsella . The word Caribbean means ‘relating to the Caribs’ and comes from the name that Taino Indians living in the Lesser Antilles at the end of the 15 th century gave to another group of Indian people of this area. The name was transferred to the Spanish word for Caribbean: ‘Caribe’, meaning ‘strong, brave’, as opposed to the Taino tribe, meaning ‘gentle’.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Escherich (1905) described the species Acrotelsa impudica on the basis of specimens collected in Santa Marta (Colombia). This species was later redescribed by Wygodzinsky (1959a) as Stylifera impudica, who reported it from several areas of Central and South America, including continental South America and several Caribbean islands. When the genus Stylifera was divided into two genera, this species was included in the genus Acrotelsella, characterized by a lower number of abdominal styli than Stylifera . This division was used by Mendes (1986c) and accepted by Irish (1988d). Acrotelsella impudica was the only American species of the genus Acrotelsella, while the remaining species were recorded in Australia, Africa and South Asia. Australian species include the type-species of this genus, Acrotelsella producta (Escherich, 1905) . A comparison of the American species with several collected in Australia and some from Africa and Asia reveals that the South American taxon is sufficiently different to consider it as belonging to an independent genus. The arrangement of trichobothrial areas of the pronotum, that which all open in Australian species, the absence of tufts on the labrum and the absence of scales on the maxillary palps and terminal filaments, which are always present in Australian species, the microtrichiae of praetarsal claws (a character shared with the American genus Stylifera), the special type of spines of the ovipositor and the different shape of the inner process of the coxite IX (longer and with rounded apex in most Australian and Asian species) are, among others, distinctive characters to support this new genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFC4F75CFDBE6D882715A988	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC7F75BFE246BD82145AFB6.text	03D11A22FFC7F75BFE246BD82145AFB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caribesella impudica (Escherich 1905) Molero-Baltanás & Gaju-Ricart & Smith 2024	<div><p>Caribesella impudica (Escherich, 1905) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 7B, 9A, 10B, 11A, 13A</p><p>Acrotelsa impudica Escherich, 1905: 112 [holotype female, Santa Marta, Colombia (ZMA)].</p><p>Stylifera impudica – Wygodzinsky 1959a: 39 [supplementary description based on specimens from Venezuela (Paraguaná), Aruba, Curaçao, Little Curaçao (as Klein Curaçao), Bonaire, Margarita, Los Frailes, Los Testigos, Trinidad (ZMA)].</p><p>Stylifera (Acrotelsella) impudica – Paclt 1966: 156 [supplementary description based on intercepted quarantine material from Venezuela or Colombia and from a boat on the Pacific (ZMH)].</p><p>Acrotelsella impudica – Mendes 1986c: 334 [treated Acrotelsella as a genus independent of Stylifera, first published use of combination].</p><p>Material examined</p><p>VENEZUELA • 10 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (3 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ mounted on slides, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ mounted for SEM study, remaining specimens preserved in 70% alcohol); Monagas State, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.616665/lat 8.65)">Uverito Forest</a>; 8°39′ N, 62°37′ W; 15 Aug. 1996; C. Bach leg.; pitfall traps in a plantation of Pinus caribea formerly occupied by a savanna; UCO Z2561, Z2565 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Most of the descriptive details of this species were provided by Wygodzinsky (1959a) as Stylifera impudica, except for some of the new characters described here for the diagnosis of the new genus which include the clypeal tufts, trichobothrial areas, coxal combs of macrochaetae, pattern and distribution of scales on appendages, and pretarsal microtrichia. Dorsal scales are illustrated in Fig. 19A–B and scales of different appendages in Fig. 19C–F. The scales of the coxae are rounded, but not orbicular (i.e., with the basal part not surrounding the insertion), with a finely denticulate apical margin. Femoral scales are similar in shape to coxal scales, but slightly smaller and apically narrower. Tibial scales are narrower and smaller than those of the femora. Scales covering styli are even smaller, with their apical margin more denticulate. Coxal combs have 3–6 macrochaetae, some of them as long as half the width of the coxa. Details of abdominal chaetotaxy are presented in Table 1, although most of them do not represent an increase of the variability given by Wygodzinsky.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFC7F75BFE246BD82145AFB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC0F758FEB16DB12085AD86.text	03D11A22FFC0F758FEB16DB12085AD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sceletolepisma Wygodzinsky, 1955 sensu Irish 1987	<div><p>Genus Sceletolepisma Wygodzinsky, 1955 sensu Irish, 1987, stat. nov.</p><p>Ctenolepisma (Sceletolepisma) Wygodzinsky, 1955: 154 .</p><p>Type species: Ctenolepisma (Sceletolepisma) arenicola Wygodzinsky, 1955 by original designation [created as monotypic subgenus of Ctenolepisma Escherich for C. (S.) arenicola Wygodzinsky, 1955 on the basis of the 2+2 combs on urotergite I].</p><p>Ctenolepisma (Sceletolepisma) – Irish 1987: 149 [redefined subgenus to include all species with at least one pair of medial urosternal combs irrespective of the arrangement of urotergal combs].</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Silverfish with fusiform or subcylindrical shape, bearing feathered macrochaetae and lacking pronged sensilla on apical article of maxillary palp. Frontal area with a bare gap between two big lateral tufts of macrochaetae; clypeus and labrum usually with 1+1 tufts. Apical article of labial palp with (2)3–5 papillae arranged in one row. Pronotum with setal collar; all thoracic nota with several lateral combs and usually with 1+1 posterolateral combs. Anterior trichobothrial areas of pronotum and mesonotum associated with antepenultimate lateral combs (N−2); sometimes those of pronotum in anterior to antepenultimate (N−3) lateral combs. Thoracic sternites variable in shape, usually cordiform with convex hind margin, prosternum usually smaller than meso- and metasternum. Coxae and femora covered with rounded orbicular scales similar to those of body; tibiae and tarsi without scales, only covered by setae; remaining appendages without scales. Several urotergites (usually II–V, II–VI, II–VII or II–VIII) with 3+3 combs of macrochaetae. Urotergite I with 1+1 or 2+2 combs. Tenth urotergite trapezoidal, with straight hind margin, sometimes slightly concave or convex. Several urosternites (at least four) with one median comb, usually present on abdominal sternites I–VI, I–VII, II–VI or II–VII); 1+1 lateral combs on some urosternites (usually on II–VIII or III–VIII). Coxites IX with or without a transverse comb. One to three pairs of abdominal styli. Males without paramera. Ovipositor of primary type or apically sclerotized.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This taxon was erected to include only one species, Ctenolepisma arenicola Wygodzinsky, 1955, which has 2+2 combs on urotergite I; this character was exclusive to this species at that moment within Ctenolepisma, but several additional species sharing this character were discovered afterwards. Irish (1987) redefined Sceletolepisma using a different criterion for distinguishing this subgenus from the remaining species of Ctenolepisma, a group that includes the type species of the genus Ctenolepisma, C. lineatum . The new criterion was the possession of at least one median comb of macrochaetae on some urosternites, a character also present in C. arenicola .The subgenus Ctenolepisma s. str. includes, according to Irish, all species without median bristle-combs, only having 1+1 lateral combs of macrochaetae on most urosternites (usually III–VIII), but he suggested that this group could be heterogeneous. At the moment, the group with median urosternal bristle combs includes about 80 species. We consider that Sceletolepisma, in the sense established by Irish (1987), should be considered as an independent genus because all species examined share several characters apart from the presence of the median combs of macrochaetae; these characters are constant in Sceletolepisma, while in Ctenolepisma s. str. they are variable. Although the presence or absence of median combs is diagnostic in most cases, some exceptions have occasionally been observed in some Ctenolepisma s. str.</p><p>The additional characters that need to be considered include the following:</p><p>a) The scales of the appendages of all species of Sceletolepisma have a similar shape and distribution, where all appendages are covered with setae (not scales) with the exception of the scapus of the antennae and coxae of legs, which are covered with rounded scales similar to those covering the body. This distribution is, however, not exclusive to Sceletolepisma since it can also be found in Ctenolepisma (C.) ciliatum (Dufour, 1831) and related Palaearctic species of Ctenolepisma s. str. with a trapezoidal tenth urotergite (Molero-Baltanás et al. 2010), but different to other species of the genus, such as C. (C.) lineatum . In this species, for example, scales are also present on the femora as described in Molero Baltanás et al. (2012).</p><p>b) The arrangement of their trichobothrial areas is similar (contiguous on the metanotum, i.e., associated with the two last lateral combs; separated by one lateral comb on the mesonotum, i.e., associated with the last (N) and antepenultimate lateral comb (N−2) and separated by one or two lateral combs on the pronotum (associated with N and N−2 or N−3 combs)). This arrangement is also not exclusive to Sceletolepisma, but present in several genera of Ctenolepismatinae and in some species of Ctenolepisma s. str., but in this latter genus several types of arrangement of trichobothrial areas have been detected, suggesting that it represents a more heterogeneous group than Sceletolepisma .</p><p>c) Within Ctenolepisma s. lat., species having transverse bristle-combs on the inner process of the coxite IX belong only to Sceletolepisma, suggesting that only the lineage with median urosternal combs has developed this character (perhaps more than once). Probably the same happens with the occurrence of 2+2 pairs of combs on urotergite I and other apomorphies that are shared only by several species from South Africa, such as S. arenicola .</p><p>According to Irish (1987), the species Ctenolepisma unipectinatum Mendes, 1982 and Ctenolepisma howa Escherich, 1910 could be included inside Sceletolepisma, as bearing one and two median urosternal combs respectively. Nevertheless, types of both species have been re-examined (loaned by MUHNAC and MFN), concluding that the first one should be excluded from Sceletolepisma and the second has several additional median combs and not only two, fitting into the present diagnosis of the genus. A slide mounted paratype of Ctenolepisma unipectinatum, loaned by Luis F. Mendes, described as bearing only one small median comb on urosternite II, was checked and the occurrence of scales on the tibiae and narrow truncate or emarginate scales on the femora has been confirmed, so it should be excluded from Sceletolepisma . It is probably related to African species of Ctenolepisma s. str. showing similar scales on the legs. We have also examined a specimen collected in the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, related to C. brauni or C. lineatum (probably belonging to an undescribed species), that also has one small median comb on one abdominal sternite, so the occurrence of urosternal combs, at least if they are small and occurring on only one urosternite, is not a diagnostic character to separate Sceletolepisma from Ctenolepisma, but a combination of characteristics is necessary.</p><p>Although Ctenolepisma arenicola Wygodzinsky, 1955 is the type species of the genus, since it was the first to be included in the genus Sceletolepisma, it is not the first species to be described that can be assigned to this genus as defined here (sensu Irish, 1987), which would be Lepisma villosum Fabricius, 1775 .</p><p>Kaplin (1993), considering urotergal chaetotaxy as the key character for subdividing Ctenolepisma, raised the subgenus Sceletolepisma to the generic level but maintaining the criterion of Wygodzinsky (op. cit.); he also created three new subgenera within Ctenolepisma ( Allolepisma, Escherichisma and Silvestrellisma). Irish (1994) rejected Kaplin’s arrangement as probably not reflecting phylogenetic history, retaining his earlier definitions when describing new species from southern Africa. Here the criterion of Irish is followed. Although a more extensive revision is required, Kaplin’s criteria make neither phylogenetic nor biogeographic sense. The character separating Sceletolepisma sensu Wygodzinsky from the remaining Ctenolepisma taxa, i.e., those bearing 2+2 combs on urotergite I instead of 1+1 combs, appears in several South African species that are closely related with those that do not have this character. However, species of Ctenolepisma s. lat. bearing median urosternal combs can be considered as a more uniform group sharing the characters indicated in the present diagnosis, and species lacking several median combs on abdominal sternites (in the present arrangement, the only representatives of the genus Ctenolepisma) form a more heterogeneous group which requires a thorough revision, but not using the urotergal chaetotaxy as the unique character for splitting into subgroups.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Representatives of Sceletolepisma are absent from America, while species belonging to Ctenolepisma s. str. are widespread on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. This suggests that Sceletolepisma first appeared after the opening of this ocean, but we cannot discard a previous origin and a later extinction event in South America after its separation from Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFC0F758FEB16DB12085AD86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD.text	03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepismatidae Latreille 1802	<div><p>Key to genera of Lepismatidae</p><p>The number of genera previously known and considered as valid in the family Lepismatidae is 43. As a 44 th genus is erected in this work, and a genus is split into two, the definitive number increases to 45 extant genera. The following key also includes additional fossil genera, but not Apteryskenoma Paclt, 1953 and Panlepisma Silvestri, 1940; these genera remain unplaced, although their potential position in the key is commented on below the key, together with some additional comments.</p><p>1. Thoracic sternites reduced, not free and largely covered by coxae, usually with an acute posterior angle (Fig. 8A). Males with paramera (1), thin and tubuliform, without a subapical glandular area (Fig. 12A) ..................................................................................................subfam. Acrotelsatinae 2</p><p>– Thoracic sternites developed, covering coxae, frequently with a more or less rounded hind margin (for example, as in Fig. 8 B-D). With or without paramera. If the prosternum is reduced, antennae have specialized bidigitate sensilla (Fig. 2B) and males lack paramera ........................................... 7</p><p>2. Head hypognathous, body short and thorax width usually greater than abdominal length (Fig. 17D). Ventral abdominal segments bare, without chaetotaxy. SE Palaearctic ...... Lepismina Gervais, 1844</p><p>– Head not hypognathous, body usually elongate and thorax shorter than length of the abdomen. Most ventral abdominal segments with some combs of macrochaetae (usually 2+2 combs on urosternites III–VIII and sometimes one median comb on urosternites I–VII or I–VIII) .................................... 3</p><p>3. Urotergite X triangular, with acute posterior margin, with several lateral combs (similar to Fig. 11D) ........................................................................................................................................... 4</p><p>– Urotergite X trapezoidal or rounded, with posterior margin more or less straight or rounded but not clearly acute, with 1+1 lateral combs ............................................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Hind margins of thoracic tergites with 1+1 combs of macrochaetae. Ovipositor thin, with fine setae apically (primary type). New Guinea .......................................................... Paracrotelsa Paclt, 1967</p><p>– Hind margins of thoracic tergites without 1+1 combs of macrochaetae. Ovipositor with some subapical sclerotized spines (secondary type). Pantropical, synanthropic ......................................... ................................................................................................................... Acrotelsa Escherich, 1905</p><p>5. Last segment of labial palp with five papillae arranged in two rows (2+3). Some macrochaetae slightly feathered. Setal collar of pronotum covering 50–60% of anterior margin. E Palaearctic (2) .. .................................................................................................................. Desertinoma Kaplin, 1992</p><p>– Last segment of labial palp with four papillae arranged in two rows or forming a diamond. All macrochaetae smooth. Without a setal collar on the pronotum, only with 1+1 setal tufts ............... 6</p><p>6. Hind margin of urotergite X concave. Without median combs on all urosternites. Yemen ................ ............................................................................................................... Primacrotelsa Mendes, 2004</p><p>– Hind margin of urotergite X rounded, convex. Median combs present on one or more urosternites. Australia ..................................................................................................... Anisolepisma Paclt, 1967</p><p>7. Macrochaetae smooth, usually bifid apically (Figs 9B, 16A, 16E). Males with paramera .............. 8</p><p>– Macrochaetae frequently feathered (Figs 9C, 16C–D, F); if smooth, some may have rounded tip (“false-smooth” macrochaetae, as the bigger ones in Fig. 16E) and urotergal setation is very dense, consisting mainly of wide setal fringes and if grouped, spaces between groups are narrower than groups and these species are found only in Namib Desert dunes. Males lacking paramera .......... 21</p><p>8. Anterior margin of pronotum with setal collar (as in Fig. 5A). Antennae usually with a poor diversity of sensilla (basiconic, trichobothria, chaetic and trichoid sensilla). Femora and tibiae with or without scales; if present, these scales are different to those covering coxae and body .................................. ............................................................................................................subfam. Heterolepismatinae 9</p><p>– Anterior margin of pronotum without setal collar (as in Fig. 5B), at most one group of anterolateral macrochaetae inserted on each corner (Fig. 5C). Antennae usually with a higher diversity of sensilla; some basiconic transformed into more specialized types such basiconic F sensu Adel (Silvestri’s type, Fig. 2A) or asteriform sensilla (Fig. 2C–D). Femora and tibiae always without scales, only covered with setae (3) .................................................................................. subfam. Lepismatinae 11</p><p>9. Femoral and tibial scales wide, rounded, triangular or sub-rectangular. With three or more pairs of styli. Thoracic sternites wide, trapezoidal, with a broad truncated posterior margin. Hind margin of urotergite X rounded. Australia ........................... Visma Smith, Mitchell &amp; Molero- Baltanás, 2021</p><p>– Femoral and tibial scales absent; if present, they are lanceolate. No more than three pairs of styli, frequently one or two pairs. Thoracic sternites parabolic or heart-shaped, with a convex posterior margin; if truncate, straight part not wide. Hind margin of urotergite X variable .......................... 10</p><p>10. Labrum with thin setae. Urotergite X usually trapezoidal or parabolic, relatively long. One to three pairs of styli. Urosternal combs short of less than four macrochaetae. Widely distributed in S and C America, E Africa, S Asia and Australia ....................................... Heterolepisma Escherich, 1905</p><p>– Labrum with macrochaetae and thin setae. Urotergite X very short and slightly convex. Only one pair of styli. Urosternal combs long, especially medially. Japan, coral cays of E Australia .............. ..................................................................................................... Maritisma Smith &amp; Mitchell, 2019</p><p>11. Abdominal sternites lacking median combs of macrochaetae ........................................................ 12</p><p>– At least some abdominal sternites with a median comb of macrochaetae ...................................... 14</p><p>12. Pronotum with 1+1 tufts of macrochaetae on its anterolateral corners. Last abdominal tergite (segment X) triangular, acutely pointed posteriorly. Two pairs of abdominal styli. North America .. .............................................................................................................. Anallacrotelsa Mendes, 1996</p><p>– Pronotum without tufts on its anterolateral corners. Last abdominal segment not triangular, with subtrapezoidal shape. One or 3 pairs of abdominal styli. Burmese amber ..................................... 13</p><p>13. Three pairs of abdominal styli. Thorax much wider and clearly detached from abdomen base, which tapers visibly to posterior end ................................... Cretalepisma (†) Mendes &amp; Wunderlich, 2013</p><p>– One pair of abdominal styli. Body shape almost parallel-sided ......................................................... ......................................................................................... Burmalepisma (†) Mendes &amp; Poinar, 2008</p><p>14. Abdominal tergites with combs of macrochaetae, most of them with 3+3 combs. Paramera pseudoarticulated. Urotergite X acutely pointed or subtrapezoidal with convex hind margin. Holarctic extant species and Baltic amber .............................................................. Allacrotelsa Silvestri, 1935</p><p>– Dorsal chaetotaxy of abdomen transformed: combs reduced to one or two isolated setae; typical arrangement on a tergite: 1+1 infralateral groups (usually consisting of 1–3 macrochaetae), 1+1 lateral isolated macrochaetae, 1+1 sublateral and 1+1 submedian (in some species or in some tergites one or two of these isolated setae can be absent or there are supernumerary isolated setae, but not forming combs). Urotergite trapezoidal, usually with a straight, slightly concave or convex hind margin ............................................................................................................................................. 15</p><p>15. Without asteriform sensilla on antennae and maxillary palps; instead with specialized sensilla of a globular shape (basiconic type F of Adel or Silvestri’s sensilla, wrongly referred to in some papers as campaniform). Paramera well developed, sacciform, in extant forms they attain or even surpass apex of inner process of ninth coxite (Fig. 12B) (4) ......................................................................... 16</p><p>– With asteriform sensilla on antennae and usually also on maxillary palps. Paramera small or medium-sized, clearly not attaining apex of inner process of ninth coxite (Fig. 12C) ................................. 17</p><p>16. Posterior trichobothrial areas of pronotum closed, encircled by scales and not in contact with edges of notum. Abdominal tergites II–VIII with 3+3 isolated macrochaetae (infralateral, lateral and sublateral). Dominican amber ........................................... Protolepisma (†) Mendes &amp; Poinar, 2013</p><p>– Posterior trichobothrial areas of the pronotum open, contacting with lateral edge of notum.Abdominal tergites II–VIII or III–VIII usually with 4+4 isolated macrochaetae (infralateral, lateral, sublateral and submedian); infralateral macrochaetae usually not isolated but forming a group with another macrochaeta and/or with a thin seta. West Palaearctic and Australia, one species synanthropic, cosmopolitan by human dispersal ................................................................ Lepisma Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>17. All trichobothrial areas of nota closed, encircled by scales that avoid contact with the edges of respective nota. Clypeus not reduced. Paramera very reduced. S Africa, India, Malaysia, Australia ................................................................................................. Xenolepisma Mendes, 1981</p><p>– At least anterior trichobothrial areas of nota open, contacting with edges of nota. Clypeus strongly reduced. Paramera small or medium-sized ..................................................................................... 18</p><p>18. Praetarsus with two well developed pulvilli additional to lateral claws and empodium. With 5+5 to 7+7 isolated macrochaetae on urotergites II–VIII additional to infralateral group. E Africa ............. .............................................................................................................. Lepitrochisma Mendes, 1988</p><p>– Praetarsus without pulvilli. Usually with 3+3 isolated macrochaetae additional to infralateral group, but variable ..................................................................................................................................... 19</p><p>19. Posterior trichobothrial areas of pronotum closed, encircled by scales that avoid contact with edges of notum. Hind tibiae of males not modified. Afrotropical, India ........... Afrolepisma Mendes, 1981</p><p>– Posterior trichobothrial areas of pronotum open, contacting edge of notum (Fig. 5B). Hind tibiae of males modified in chaetotaxy and/or shape or not .......................................................................... 20</p><p>20. With a row of small macrochaetae on hind margin of nota (5) .................. Tricholepisma Paclt, 1967</p><p>– Hind margin of nota without bifid macrochaetae, sometimes with very small, thin and acute setulae (Fig. 5B) ......................................................................................... Neoasterolepisma Mendes, 1988</p><p>21. Anterior margin of pronotum devoid of setal collar, at most with a row of a few isolated setae. Papillae of apical article of labial palp arranged in two rows (2+3) .....subfam. Silvestrellatinae 24</p><p>– Anterior margin of pronotum with a setal collar. Papillae of apical article of labial palp arranged in a single row (number variable) ....................................................................................................... 22</p><p>22. Antennae with bidigitate specialized sensilla (Fig. 2B). Apex of distal article of maxillary palp with a cylindrical sensillum. Prosternum strongly reduced. Mainly in North America ............................. ............................................................................................................ subfam. Mirolepismatinae 23</p><p>– Antennae with different types of sensilla, more or less diverse, but lacking bidigitate type. Apex of distal article of maxillary palp without a cylindrical sensillum. Prosternum often slightly smaller than meso- and metasternum, but rarely with a strong reduction (except in Monachina and some psammophilous species) ...................................................................subfam. Ctenolepismatinae 27</p><p>23. Chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites consisting of 1+1 infralateral groups of macrochaetae (combs), 1+1 isolated lateral macrochaetae and 1+1 isolated submedian macrochaetae .................................. ............................................................................................................... Prolepismina Silvestri, 1940</p><p>– Chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites consisting of 1+1 infralateral groups of macrochaetae (combs), 1+1 combs of macrochaetae in lateral position and 1+1 combs of macrochaetae in submedian position (6) ............................................................................................... Mirolepisma Silvestri, 1938</p><p>24. Hind margin of abdominal sternites only with 1+1 isolated or 1+1 pairs of lateral macrochaetae; macrochaetae in median position absent or only present on one abdominal sternite (I or II) ........ 25</p><p>– Hind margin of abdominal sternites (at least II–VI) with one or more macrochaetae in median position, in addition to lateral macrochaetae; these can be isolated or forming small combs ........ 26</p><p>25. Pronotum with a row of at least 3+3 isolated setae in its anterior margin and at least 2+2 isolated setae inserted on disc, not very close to hind margin. Some urotergites with 1+1 isolated macrochaetae or 1+1 pairs in lateral and submedian positions, not very close to the hind margin. S Africa .................................................................................................. Silvestrella Escherich, 1905</p><p>– Anterior margin of pronotum bare, posterior margin with 1+1 isolated setae or 1+1 pairs, inserted very close to hind margin. Most urotergites with 1+1 isolated macrochaetae in lateral and submedian positions inserted very close to hind margin. Afrotropical and occurring in other regions (S America, Sri Lanka, Cape Verde), probably as a result of human dispersal ...................................................... ................................................................................................... Namunukulina Wygodzinsky, 1957</p><p>26. Abdominal tergites with 1–2+1–2 infralateral macrochaetae only, lacking macrochaetae in lateral and submedian positions. Hind margin of pronotum bare. SW Africa ....... Hemilepisma Paclt, 1967</p><p>– Abdominal tergites with macrochaetae in lateral and submedian positions, in addition to 1+1 infralateral groups of macrochaetae. Hind margin of pronotum with 1+1 isolated lateral macrochaetae. Arabian Peninsula .................................................................................... Hemikulina Mendes, 2008</p><p>27. Abdominal dorsal setation of segments I–VIII or II–VIII forming discrete combs on hind margin; at least with 1+1 small infralateral combs and 1+1 isolated macrochaetae, but more frequently consisting of 2+2 or 3+3 bristle-combs on abdominal tergites II–VIII, separated from each other by distances similar to or higher than width of a comb ....................................................................... 31</p><p>– Abdominal dorsal setation consisting of a continuous fringe of macrochaetae, not forming discrete combs; if there are separated groups of macrochaetae, distance between them less than width of a group. Genera exclusive to Namib or Palaearctic deserts .............................................................. 28</p><p>28. Macrochaetae smooth, some with rounded tip (Fig. 16E) .............................................................. 29</p><p>– Macrochaetae feathered. Namib desert ........................................................ Sabulepisma Irish, 1988</p><p>29. One pair of abdominal styli. Without a median group of macrochaetae on abdominal sternite VII. Labrum with three tufts of macrochaetae. Palaearctic deserts .................. Mormisma Silvestri, 1938</p><p>– Without abdominal styli. With a median group of macrochaetae on abdominal sternite VII. Labrum with two tufts of macrochaetae. Namib desert ............................................................................... 30</p><p>30. Antennae clearly shorter than body length. Setal fringes of anterior urotergites with some gaps at each side, forming 3+3 groups of macrochaetae; setal fringes of the last urotergites continuous. Coxal disc with wide transverse bristle-combs ................................... Namibmormisma Irish, 1988</p><p>– Antennae as long as body length or even longer. Setal fringes of anterior urotergites without gaps, continuous, with only one median gap in middle, so only 1+1 wide groups of macrochaetae can be distinguished ............................................................................................. Namiblepisma Irish, 2018</p><p>31. Abdominal segments I–VIII only with 1+1 infralateral small combs of macrochaetae and 1+1 isolated lateral macrochaetae. There are no urotergites with 2+2 or 3+3 bristle-combs. Afrotropical, including Cape Verde Islands .................................................................. Monachina Silvestri, 1908</p><p>– Abdominal segments I–VIII with a higher number of combs of macrochaetae. Some urotergites with 2+2 or 3+3 bristle-combs in infralateral, lateral and submedian positions ..................................... 32</p><p>32. Last abdominal tergite triangular or subtriangular, posteriorly acute or somewhat rounded; its lateral margins frequently with more than 1+1 bristle-combs, but sometimes with only 1+1 combs or without defined combs, only with marginal setae. When 1+1 combs are present, they rarely have more than three macrochaetae and are not located close to posterior margin (Fig. 11A–F) .......... 33</p><p>– Last abdominal tergite with a different shape (trapezoidal, subtriangular) but not posteriorly acute, convex, straight or slightly convex, usually with quite prominent 1+1 combs near posterior margin (Fig. 11G–O) ................................................................................................................................... 37</p><p>33. Abdominal styli on segments III–IX (seven pairs). Lateral combs of urosternites divided by insertion of styli, resulting in 2+2 lateral combs. Antennae with fan-shaped scales (Fig. 15A–B). Terminal filaments covered by scales (Fig. 15F). South America, Caribbean coasts, Galapagos islands, SW Africa (introduced?) ........................................................................................... Stylifera Stach, 1932</p><p>– Abdominal styli on segments VIII–IX or VII–IX (2 or 3 pairs). 1+1 lateral combs on urosternites (rarely 1+1 +1). Antennae without fan-shaped scales. Terminal filaments with or without scales .... ......................................................................................................................................................... 34</p><p>34. Posterior trichobothrial areas of nota closed (Fig. 7B). Terminal filaments without scales. Caribbean area .................................................................................................................... Caribesella gen. nov.</p><p>– All trichobothrial areas open. Terminal filaments with or without scales ...................................... 35</p><p>35. Urotergites II–VII with 3+3 combs ................................................................................................ 36</p><p>– Urotergites II–VII with 2+2 combs (Australia) ........................................... Qantelsella Smith, 2015</p><p>36. Usually two pairs of styli, rarely three or one pair; coxites IX of female usually elongate (three or more times as long as wide at base); coxites IX lacking long transverse combs, although some short combs may occur along inner margins (11) ................................................ Acrotelsella Silvestri, 1935</p><p>– One pair of abdominal styli only; coxites IX of female short (less than two times as long as wide at base, with long transverse combs (Australia) ............................................ Hemitelsella Smith, 2016</p><p>37. At least some abdominal tergites with 3+3 bristle-combs .............................................................. 38</p><p>– All urotergites with at most 2+2 bristle-combs .............................................................................. 44</p><p>38. Abdominal tergite I usually with 1+1 bristle-combs, sometimes with 2+2 .................................... 39</p><p>– Abdominal tergite I with 3+3 bristle-combs ................................................................................... 42</p><p>39. Median bristle-comb of abdominal sternites divided into two combs. Praetarsus without empodium. Namib desert .................................................................................................. Swalepisma Irish, 1988</p><p>– Median bristle-comb of abdominal sternites single or absent. Praetarsus with empodium ............ 40</p><p>40. All abdominal sternites without median combs or only one small comb on one sternite. Last abdominal tergite of variable shape (trapezoidal with convex, straight or slightly concave hind margin, subtriangular, or short and slightly convex). N and Central America, S Palaearctic, Oriental region, Africa, some species almost cosmopolitan by human dispersal (7) ......................................... ............................................................................................. Ctenolepisma Escherich, 1905 stat. nov.</p><p>– Several abdominal sternites with median bristle-combs ................................................................ 41</p><p>41. Praetarsal claws normal, empodium smooth. Last abdominal tergite trapezoidal, with its hind margin slightly convex, straight or slightly concave. S Eurasia and Africa ................................................... ..................................................................................... Sceletolepisma Wygodzinsky, 1955 stat. nov.</p><p>– Praetarsal claws thin and very long, empodium rugose. Last abdominal tergite short, rounded subtriangular, with its hind margin clearly convex. Southern N America .......................................... .................................................................................................................... Leucolepisma Wall, 1954</p><p>42. Each praetarsus with two claws (of similar or different size), without empodium or very reduced .. ......................................................................................................................................................... 43</p><p>– Each praetarsus only with a single claw. SW Africa ............................... Nebkhalepisma Irish, 1988</p><p>43. Each coxa with one or more transverse bristle-combs. Inner process of coxite IX also with one or more transverse bristle-combs, frequently multiseriate and/or with a large number of macrochaetae. Deserts of S Palaearctic: Sahara, Arabia .............................................. Hyperlepisma Silvestri, 1932</p><p>– Coxae lacking transverse bristle-combs. Inner process of coxite IX without transverse comb or with a small comb with few macrochaetae. Namib desert ................................. Gopsilepisma Irish, 1989</p><p>44. Abdominal sternites without median bristle-combs. SW Africa ............... Ornatilepisma Irish, 1988</p><p>– Several abdominal sternites with a median bristle-comb (8) ............................................................ 45</p><p>45. Urotergite X trapezoidal, with its hind margin straight or slightly concave ................................... 46</p><p>– Urotergite X subtriangular, with its hind margin convex, more or less rounded (Fig. 11G–H). S Palaearctic and S Africa, some species domestic, almost cosmopolitan by human dispersal (9) ............. .................................................................................................................. Thermobia Bergroth, 1890</p><p>46. Abdominal sternites I and II bare; abdominal sternite III with only one median comb. Apical article of labial palp with five sensory papillae. S Africa ................................. Psammolepisma Irish, 1988</p><p>– Abdominal sternites I and II with one median comb; abdominal sternites II and III with 1+1 lateral bristle-combs. Apical article of labial palp with three sensory papillae. Mongolia (10) ....................... .................................................................................................................... Asiolepisma Kaplin, 1989</p><p>Comments to the key</p><p>(1) Parameres are not described for Paracrotelsa, where only the female sex was described by Uchida (1949)</p><p>.</p><p>(2) The genus Apteryskenoma s. str. has not been included due to its poor original (and only available) description. If it fits with the previous options of this key (i.e., thoracic sternites reduced and covered by coxae, males with thin paramera, ventral abdominal segments with at least 2+2 combs of macrochaetae), it differs from Desertinoma in having six papillae arranged in a single row.</p><p>(3) The fossil genera attributed to this subfamily are included here because of the absence of a setal collar; antennal sensilla and scales of legs are not clearly visible in preserved specimens.</p><p>(4) Antennal sensilla cannot clearly be seen in the fossil specimen of Protolepisma, but the paramera are large, almost attaining the apex of the inner process of the coxite IX.</p><p>(5) Recent genetic and morphological phylogenetic studies suggest that the distinction between Tricholepisma and Neoasterolepisma makes no sense, and that they conform to a single clade. The priority of the name Tricholepisma will eventually give this name to the clade, according to ICZN rules.</p><p>(6) According to Mendes (1991), Mirolepisma and Prolepismina should be considered as a single genus.</p><p>(7) Heterogeneous group requiring revision, especially of American and some Afrotropical and Oriental species.</p><p>(8) Following the description of Silvestri, the genus Panlepisma fits here, but the identity of this genus from Argentina is not clear.</p><p>(9) This genus is probably heterogeneous and S African species could be separated into a different genus. Specimens recorded in natural habitats of N. America should be revised, since they probably are more related to Leucolepisma or to a lineage of the heterogeneous Ctenolepisma .</p><p>(10) It seems that Kaplin (1989), when describing the new genus Asiolepisma, was not aware of the description of the genus Psammolepisma by Irish, and unfortunately no discussion comparing these genera was included. We have not seen specimens of Asiolepisma, but they seem to be similar to Sceletolepisma from neighbouring areas in other characters, so probably Asiolepisma derives from some Sceletolepisma by losing one urotergal bristle-comb. If this is the situation, Asiolepisma probably lacks scales on the tibiae, and we have observed that Psammolepisma has scales on this article.</p><p>(11) The genus Acrotelsella has many undescribed species and is in need of revision. Molecular and morphological studies currently underway have identified two clades within the Australian species currently included under Acrotelsella . Females in one clade have simple, primary ovipositors, sheathed on either side by very long extensions of the inner processes of coxites IX; this clade represents Acrotelsella s. str. The second clade contains species with secondary ovipositors and shorter inner processes on coxites IX, however the molecular data places Qantelsella and Hemitelsella within the same clade. Furthermore, Acrotelsella escherichi Womersley, 1939 was described as having both elongated inner processes but a secondary type ovipositor.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFFAF761FF276F0B276BADEF.text	03D11A22FFFAF761FF276F0B276BADEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acrotelsatinae Mendes 1991	<div><p>Acrotelsatinae</p><p>(17 species in 6 genera. North Africa, Central Asia, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Fig. 20)</p><p>The subfamily is characterised by the lack of free sternal plates. It displays a relic distribution from a Pangean origin; however, it is surprising that no representatives have yet been found in the Americas. The distribution of the anthropophilic pan-tropical species Acrotelsa collaris (Fabricius, 1793) is not included here but the species has been found free-living in the Middle East as well as Hawaii.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFFAF761FF276F0B276BADEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFFAF761FF276FF92776AFE4.text	03D11A22FFFAF761FF276FF92776AFE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenolepismatinae Mendes 1991	<div><p>Ctenolepismatinae</p><p>(about 190 species in 20 genera, Fig. 21)</p><p>A large and widespread subfamily including several peridomestic pests of minor importance. Different genera dominate in different regions, e.g., Ctenolepisma in Africa/Eurasia, Acrotelsella in Australia and Stylifera as Neotropical. Fossil specimens have been described from 99 Ma Burmese amber and 20–25 Ma Dominican amber.</p><p>Much work is still required including collection and examination of existing material within museum collections. This work would benefit from molecular data which is quite limited at the moment, and the use of scanning electron microscopy, particularly of scales and the distribution of sensilla, to establish more robust phylogenies. The genera Ctenolepisma and Thermobia are under revision, and they will probably be divided into several genera, but not following the criteria of Kaplin (1993). The genus Acrotelsella is also under revision; the first results are the works by Smith and Mitchell (Smith 2015; Smith &amp; Mitchell 2022, etc.) based on Australian species and Hazra et al. (2023) on an Indian species. The new genus described in this work contains the only known American species of the group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFFAF761FF276FF92776AFE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFFAF76FFF276A03210FAD7A.text	03D11A22FFFAF76FFF276A03210FAD7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterolepismatinae Mendes 1991	<div><p>Heterolepismatinae</p><p>(40 species in 3 genera, Fig. 22)</p><p>Very common in Australia, with many more species awaiting description. Also limited distribution elsewhere except on Indian and Pacific Islands where it is very common. This raises the question of its Gondwanan origin, or perhaps it could be an old Australian subfamily that has spread by rafting. They are superficially very similar in appearance, but molecular data reveal deep divergences between species. The genus Heterolepisma is probably polyphyletic. It needs quite a lot of work to decide what characters are of phylogenetic importance and we need to obtain specimens of the Argentinian type species of Heterolepisma to define the true Heterolepisma .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFFAF76FFF276A03210FAD7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276F6E2010AE9C.text	03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276F6E2010AE9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepismatinae Latreille 1802	<div><p>Lepismatinae</p><p>(79 species in 8 genera, Fig. 23)</p><p>Most common in Africa, Europe and Eurasia but also in North America and Australia. This family probably has quite ancient Pangean origins. Fossil specimens described from 99 Ma Burmese amber and 38–50 Ma Baltic amber. Some citations of Lepisma wasmanni Moniez, 1894 from South America have not been included due to the suspicion that they were transported by man. Most genera were updated by Mendes (1988) and a key for Mediterranean species associated with ants is given by Robla et al. (2023). The status of Neoasterolepisma and Tricholepisma is under revision, since it has been proven that the genus Tricholepisma is not a natural group. Mendes (1991) included Allacrotelsa in Lepismatinae, but the position of this genus is not clear.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276F6E2010AE9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276CCB23B0AF17.text	03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276CCB23B0AF17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mirolepismatinae Mendes 1991	<div><p>Mirolepismatinae</p><p>(3 species in 2 genera, Fig. 24)</p><p>Disjunct distribution: Cape Verde Islands, Peru, USA. Poorly understood, possibly introduced to Cape Verde Islands and Peru.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276CCB23B0AF17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276D532188AFEC.text	03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276D532188AFEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Silvestrellatinae Mendes 1991	<div><p>Silvestrellatinae</p><p>(7 species in 4 genera, Fig. 25)</p><p>Afrotropical (Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan), Neotropical (Brazil, Peru, Suriname), Oriental (Sri Lanka, India?), Palaearctic (Cape Verde Islands, United Arab Emirates). Poorly understood, early or mid-Gondwanan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276D532188AFEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael;Gaju-Ricart, Miquel;Smith, Graeme B.	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
