taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D11A22FFC4F75CFDBE6D882715A988.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BF 259603 - 3537 - 47 A 4 - 9033 - DF 6 D 14 FCB 007 Figs 7 B, 9 A, 10 B, 13 B – C, 18 – 19	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC4F75CFDBE6D882715A988.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Acrotelsa impudica Escherich, 1905: 112.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC4F75CFDBE6D882715A988.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic description Body fusiform, with abundant feathered macrochaetae, as typical in subfamily Ctenolepismatinae. Chaetotaxy of head as shown in Wygodzinsky (1959 a: fig. 35), with two subtriangular setal areas on the frontal margin anteromedially interrupted by a wide gap; in each subtriangular area macrochaetae are arranged in longitudinal rows that are longer near the median gap. On each side, there is also a periocular group, an antennal basal setal group that is not clearly separated from the subtriangular frontal group and a smaller group longitudinally elongated at each side. Clypeus with 1 + 1 tufts of macrochaetae, labrum with disperse setae but lacking tufts (Fig. 18). Scales orbicular (i. e., with their bases extended to surround more or less the posterior part of the socket area), rounded or elliptical, but variable in shape, with numerous thin rays that do not surpass or slightly surpass their apical margins, covering all the body dorsally and ventrally. The scales illustrated by Wygodzinsky (1959 a) have not been found (in our opinion, they could be an artifact coming from another insect). Scales covering the scapus, legs (except on tarsal articles) and abdominal styli but absent from the pedicel and the flagellum of the antennae, maxillary and labial palps, and terminal filaments. The scales of appendages are different in size and shape to those covering the body; they are smaller, not orbicular in their basal area, rounded or subquadrangular and with the distal margin more or less denticulate. Flagellum of the antenna with trichobothria, trichoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla of several types, as well as coeloconic and chaetic sensilla that are feathered in the basal part of the antenna. Labial palp with five papillae on its ultimate article, arranged in a single row. The apical articles of maxillary and labial palps have some basiconic sensilla. Pronotum with setal collar. Lateral margins of nota with several combs of macrochaetae; posterior margin with 1 + 1 combs. Trichobothrial areas of nota open, with the exception of posterior areas of the pronotum, which are closed (Fig. 19 G). Thoracic sterna well developed, covering coxae, each one with 1 or 2 pairs of combs of macrochaetae. Outer coxal margins with several submarginal combs of macrochaetae. Praetarsi with microtrichia covering the surface of empodium and lateral claws (those of the empodium fused to form parallel ribs). Urotergite I with 1 + 1 combs of macrochaetae, urotergites II – VII with 3 + 3 combs, urotergite VIII with 2 + 2 combs and urotergite IX bare. Urosternites I and II bare, III – VIII with 1 + 1 lateral combs. Urotergite X triangular, acute or almost acute at its hind apex, with several pairs of combs inserted along their lateral margins, usually 3 + 3. Two pairs of styli on abdominal sternites VIII and IX. Inner process of the coxite IX of the females triangular, with acute apex. Parameres lacking. Ovipositor short, of secondary type, with several spiniform setae on the apical divisions, and at the apex of gonapophyses with short, heavily sclerotized spines, more or less hook-shaped (fossorial).	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC4F75CFDBE6D882715A988.taxon	etymology	Etymology The name of the new genus refers to the Caribbean Sea, with the same ending as the related genus Acrotelsella. The word Caribbean means ‘ relating to the Caribs’ and comes from the name that Taino Indians living in the Lesser Antilles at the end of the 15 th century gave to another group of Indian people of this area. The name was transferred to the Spanish word for Caribbean: ‘ Caribe’, meaning ‘ strong, brave’, as opposed to the Taino tribe, meaning ‘ gentle’.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC4F75CFDBE6D882715A988.taxon	discussion	Remarks Escherich (1905) described the species Acrotelsa impudica on the basis of specimens collected in Santa Marta (Colombia). This species was later redescribed by Wygodzinsky (1959 a) as Stylifera impudica, who reported it from several areas of Central and South America, including continental South America and several Caribbean islands. When the genus Stylifera was divided into two genera, this species was included in the genus Acrotelsella, characterized by a lower number of abdominal styli than Stylifera. This division was used by Mendes (1986 c) and accepted by Irish (1988 d). Acrotelsella impudica was the only American species of the genus Acrotelsella, while the remaining species were recorded in Australia, Africa and South Asia. Australian species include the type-species of this genus, Acrotelsella producta (Escherich, 1905). A comparison of the American species with several collected in Australia and some from Africa and Asia reveals that the South American taxon is sufficiently different to consider it as belonging to an independent genus. The arrangement of trichobothrial areas of the pronotum, that which all open in Australian species, the absence of tufts on the labrum and the absence of scales on the maxillary palps and terminal filaments, which are always present in Australian species, the microtrichiae of praetarsal claws (a character shared with the American genus Stylifera), the special type of spines of the ovipositor and the different shape of the inner process of the coxite IX (longer and with rounded apex in most Australian and Asian species) are, among others, distinctive characters to support this new genus.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC7F75BFE246BD82145AFB6.taxon	description	Figs 7 B, 9 A, 10 B, 11 A, 13 A	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC7F75BFE246BD82145AFB6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VENEZUELA • 10 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (3 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀ mounted on slides, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ mounted for SEM study, remaining specimens preserved in 70 % alcohol); Monagas State, Uverito Forest; 8 ° 39 ′ N, 62 ° 37 ′ W; 15 Aug. 1996; C. Bach leg.; pitfall traps in a plantation of Pinus caribea formerly occupied by a savanna; UCO Z 2561, Z 2565.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC7F75BFE246BD82145AFB6.taxon	discussion	Remarks Most of the descriptive details of this species were provided by Wygodzinsky (1959 a) as Stylifera impudica, except for some of the new characters described here for the diagnosis of the new genus which include the clypeal tufts, trichobothrial areas, coxal combs of macrochaetae, pattern and distribution of scales on appendages, and pretarsal microtrichia. Dorsal scales are illustrated in Fig. 19 A – B and scales of different appendages in Fig. 19 C – F. The scales of the coxae are rounded, but not orbicular (i. e., with the basal part not surrounding the insertion), with a finely denticulate apical margin. Femoral scales are similar in shape to coxal scales, but slightly smaller and apically narrower. Tibial scales are narrower and smaller than those of the femora. Scales covering styli are even smaller, with their apical margin more denticulate. Coxal combs have 3 – 6 macrochaetae, some of them as long as half the width of the coxa. Details of abdominal chaetotaxy are presented in Table 1, although most of them do not represent an increase of the variability given by Wygodzinsky.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC0F758FEB16DB12085AD86.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Ctenolepisma (Sceletolepisma) arenicola Wygodzinsky, 1955 by original designation [created as monotypic subgenus of Ctenolepisma Escherich for C. (S.) arenicola Wygodzinsky, 1955 on the basis of the 2 + 2 combs on urotergite I].	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC0F758FEB16DB12085AD86.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Silverfish with fusiform or subcylindrical shape, bearing feathered macrochaetae and lacking pronged sensilla on apical article of maxillary palp. Frontal area with a bare gap between two big lateral tufts of macrochaetae; clypeus and labrum usually with 1 + 1 tufts. Apical article of labial palp with (2) 3 – 5 papillae arranged in one row. Pronotum with setal collar; all thoracic nota with several lateral combs and usually with 1 + 1 posterolateral combs. Anterior trichobothrial areas of pronotum and mesonotum associated with antepenultimate lateral combs (N− 2); sometimes those of pronotum in anterior to antepenultimate (N− 3) lateral combs. Thoracic sternites variable in shape, usually cordiform with convex hind margin, prosternum usually smaller than meso- and metasternum. Coxae and femora covered with rounded orbicular scales similar to those of body; tibiae and tarsi without scales, only covered by setae; remaining appendages without scales. Several urotergites (usually II – V, II – VI, II – VII or II – VIII) with 3 + 3 combs of macrochaetae. Urotergite I with 1 + 1 or 2 + 2 combs. Tenth urotergite trapezoidal, with straight hind margin, sometimes slightly concave or convex. Several urosternites (at least four) with one median comb, usually present on abdominal sternites I – VI, I – VII, II – VI or II – VII); 1 + 1 lateral combs on some urosternites (usually on II – VIII or III – VIII). Coxites IX with or without a transverse comb. One to three pairs of abdominal styli. Males without paramera. Ovipositor of primary type or apically sclerotized.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC0F758FEB16DB12085AD86.taxon	discussion	Remarks This taxon was erected to include only one species, Ctenolepisma arenicola Wygodzinsky, 1955, which has 2 + 2 combs on urotergite I; this character was exclusive to this species at that moment within Ctenolepisma, but several additional species sharing this character were discovered afterwards. Irish (1987) redefined Sceletolepisma using a different criterion for distinguishing this subgenus from the remaining species of Ctenolepisma, a group that includes the type species of the genus Ctenolepisma, C. lineatum. The new criterion was the possession of at least one median comb of macrochaetae on some urosternites, a character also present in C. arenicola. The subgenus Ctenolepisma s. str. includes, according to Irish, all species without median bristle-combs, only having 1 + 1 lateral combs of macrochaetae on most urosternites (usually III – VIII), but he suggested that this group could be heterogeneous. At the moment, the group with median urosternal bristle combs includes about 80 species. We consider that Sceletolepisma, in the sense established by Irish (1987), should be considered as an independent genus because all species examined share several characters apart from the presence of the median combs of macrochaetae; these characters are constant in Sceletolepisma, while in Ctenolepisma s. str. they are variable. Although the presence or absence of median combs is diagnostic in most cases, some exceptions have occasionally been observed in some Ctenolepisma s. str. The additional characters that need to be considered include the following: a) The scales of the appendages of all species of Sceletolepisma have a similar shape and distribution, where all appendages are covered with setae (not scales) with the exception of the scapus of the antennae and coxae of legs, which are covered with rounded scales similar to those covering the body. This distribution is, however, not exclusive to Sceletolepisma since it can also be found in Ctenolepisma (C.) ciliatum (Dufour, 1831) and related Palaearctic species of Ctenolepisma s. str. with a trapezoidal tenth urotergite (Molero-Baltanás et al. 2010), but different to other species of the genus, such as C. (C.) lineatum. In this species, for example, scales are also present on the femora as described in Molero Baltanás et al. (2012). b) The arrangement of their trichobothrial areas is similar (contiguous on the metanotum, i. e., associated with the two last lateral combs; separated by one lateral comb on the mesonotum, i. e., associated with the last (N) and antepenultimate lateral comb (N− 2) and separated by one or two lateral combs on the pronotum (associated with N and N− 2 or N− 3 combs )). This arrangement is also not exclusive to Sceletolepisma, but present in several genera of Ctenolepismatinae and in some species of Ctenolepisma s. str., but in this latter genus several types of arrangement of trichobothrial areas have been detected, suggesting that it represents a more heterogeneous group than Sceletolepisma. c) Within Ctenolepisma s. lat., species having transverse bristle-combs on the inner process of the coxite IX belong only to Sceletolepisma, suggesting that only the lineage with median urosternal combs has developed this character (perhaps more than once). Probably the same happens with the occurrence of 2 + 2 pairs of combs on urotergite I and other apomorphies that are shared only by several species from South Africa, such as S. arenicola. According to Irish (1987), the species Ctenolepisma unipectinatum Mendes, 1982 and Ctenolepisma howa Escherich, 1910 could be included inside Sceletolepisma, as bearing one and two median urosternal combs respectively. Nevertheless, types of both species have been re-examined (loaned by MUHNAC and MFN), concluding that the first one should be excluded from Sceletolepisma and the second has several additional median combs and not only two, fitting into the present diagnosis of the genus. A slide mounted paratype of Ctenolepisma unipectinatum, loaned by Luis F. Mendes, described as bearing only one small median comb on urosternite II, was checked and the occurrence of scales on the tibiae and narrow truncate or emarginate scales on the femora has been confirmed, so it should be excluded from Sceletolepisma. It is probably related to African species of Ctenolepisma s. str. showing similar scales on the legs. We have also examined a specimen collected in the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, related to C. brauni or C. lineatum (probably belonging to an undescribed species), that also has one small median comb on one abdominal sternite, so the occurrence of urosternal combs, at least if they are small and occurring on only one urosternite, is not a diagnostic character to separate Sceletolepisma from Ctenolepisma, but a combination of characteristics is necessary.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC0F758FEB16DB12085AD86.taxon	distribution	Distribution Representatives of Sceletolepisma are absent from America, while species belonging to Ctenolepisma s. str. are widespread on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. This suggests that Sceletolepisma first appeared after the opening of this ocean, but we cannot discard a previous origin and a later extinction event in South America after its separation from Africa.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD.taxon	description	The number of genera previously known and considered as valid in the family Lepismatidae is 43. As a 44 th genus is erected in this work, and a genus is split into two, the definitive number increases to 45 extant genera. The following key also includes additional fossil genera, but not Apteryskenoma Paclt, 1953 and Panlepisma Silvestri, 1940; these genera remain unplaced, although their potential position in the key is commented on below the key, together with some additional comments.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFC3F762FF706FE721EDA8FD.taxon	discussion	Comments to the key (1) Parameres are not described for Paracrotelsa, where only the female sex was described by Uchida (1949). (2) The genus Apteryskenoma s. str. has not been included due to its poor original (and only available) description. If it fits with the previous options of this key (i. e., thoracic sternites reduced and covered by coxae, males with thin paramera, ventral abdominal segments with at least 2 + 2 combs of macrochaetae), it differs from Desertinoma in having six papillae arranged in a single row. (3) The fossil genera attributed to this subfamily are included here because of the absence of a setal collar; antennal sensilla and scales of legs are not clearly visible in preserved specimens. (4) Antennal sensilla cannot clearly be seen in the fossil specimen of Protolepisma, but the paramera are large, almost attaining the apex of the inner process of the coxite IX. (5) Recent genetic and morphological phylogenetic studies suggest that the distinction between Tricholepisma and Neoasterolepisma makes no sense, and that they conform to a single clade. The priority of the name Tricholepisma will eventually give this name to the clade, according to ICZN rules. (6) According to Mendes (1991), Mirolepisma and Prolepismina should be considered as a single genus. (7) Heterogeneous group requiring revision, especially of American and some Afrotropical and Oriental species. (8) Following the description of Silvestri, the genus Panlepisma fits here, but the identity of this genus from Argentina is not clear. (9) This genus is probably heterogeneous and S African species could be separated into a different genus. Specimens recorded in natural habitats of N. America should be revised, since they probably are more related to Leucolepisma or to a lineage of the heterogeneous Ctenolepisma. (10) It seems that Kaplin (1989), when describing the new genus Asiolepisma, was not aware of the description of the genus Psammolepisma by Irish, and unfortunately no discussion comparing these genera was included. We have not seen specimens of Asiolepisma, but they seem to be similar to Sceletolepisma from neighbouring areas in other characters, so probably Asiolepisma derives from some Sceletolepisma by losing one urotergal bristle-comb. If this is the situation, Asiolepisma probably lacks scales on the tibiae, and we have observed that Psammolepisma has scales on this article. (11) The genus Acrotelsella has many undescribed species and is in need of revision. Molecular and morphological studies currently underway have identified two clades within the Australian species currently included under Acrotelsella. Females in one clade have simple, primary ovipositors, sheathed on either side by very long extensions of the inner processes of coxites IX; this clade represents Acrotelsella s. str. The second clade contains species with secondary ovipositors and shorter inner processes on coxites IX, however the molecular data places Qantelsella and Hemitelsella within the same clade. Furthermore, Acrotelsella escherichi Womersley, 1939 was described as having both elongated inner processes but a secondary type ovipositor.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFFAF761FF276F0B276BADEF.taxon	description	(17 species in 6 genera. North Africa, Central Asia, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Fig. 20) The subfamily is characterised by the lack of free sternal plates. It displays a relic distribution from a Pangean origin; however, it is surprising that no representatives have yet been found in the Americas. The distribution of the anthropophilic pan-tropical species Acrotelsa collaris (Fabricius, 1793) is not included here but the species has been found free-living in the Middle East as well as Hawaii.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFFAF761FF276FF92776AFE4.taxon	description	(about 190 species in 20 genera, Fig. 21) A large and widespread subfamily including several peridomestic pests of minor importance. Different genera dominate in different regions, e. g., Ctenolepisma in Africa / Eurasia, Acrotelsella in Australia and Stylifera as Neotropical. Fossil specimens have been described from 99 Ma Burmese amber and 20 – 25 Ma Dominican amber. Much work is still required including collection and examination of existing material within museum collections. This work would benefit from molecular data which is quite limited at the moment, and the use of scanning electron microscopy, particularly of scales and the distribution of sensilla, to establish more robust phylogenies. The genera Ctenolepisma and Thermobia are under revision, and they will probably be divided into several genera, but not following the criteria of Kaplin (1993). The genus Acrotelsella is also under revision; the first results are the works by Smith and Mitchell (Smith 2015; Smith & Mitchell 2022, etc.) based on Australian species and Hazra et al. (2023) on an Indian species. The new genus described in this work contains the only known American species of the group.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFFAF76FFF276A03210FAD7A.taxon	description	(40 species in 3 genera, Fig. 22) Very common in Australia, with many more species awaiting description. Also limited distribution elsewhere except on Indian and Pacific Islands where it is very common. This raises the question of its Gondwanan origin, or perhaps it could be an old Australian subfamily that has spread by rafting. They are superficially very similar in appearance, but molecular data reveal deep divergences between species. The genus Heterolepisma is probably polyphyletic. It needs quite a lot of work to decide what characters are of phylogenetic importance and we need to obtain specimens of the Argentinian type species of Heterolepisma to define the true Heterolepisma.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276F6E2010AE9C.taxon	description	(79 species in 8 genera, Fig. 23) Most common in Africa, Europe and Eurasia but also in North America and Australia. This family probably has quite ancient Pangean origins. Fossil specimens described from 99 Ma Burmese amber and 38 – 50 Ma Baltic amber. Some citations of Lepisma wasmanni Moniez, 1894 from South America have not been included due to the suspicion that they were transported by man. Most genera were updated by Mendes (1988) and a key for Mediterranean species associated with ants is given by Robla et al. (2023). The status of Neoasterolepisma and Tricholepisma is under revision, since it has been proven that the genus Tricholepisma is not a natural group. Mendes (1991) included Allacrotelsa in Lepismatinae, but the position of this genus is not clear.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276CCB23B0AF17.taxon	description	(3 species in 2 genera, Fig. 24) Disjunct distribution: Cape Verde Islands, Peru, USA. Poorly understood, possibly introduced to Cape Verde Islands and Peru.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
03D11A22FFF4F76FFF276D532188AFEC.taxon	description	(7 species in 4 genera, Fig. 25) Afrotropical (Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan), Neotropical (Brazil, Peru, Suriname), Oriental (Sri Lanka, India?), Palaearctic (Cape Verde Islands, United Arab Emirates). Poorly understood, early or mid-Gondwanan.	en	Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Smith, Graeme B. (2024): New insights in the taxonomy of Lepismatidae (Insecta, Zygentoma) with an updated key to genera and future challenges. European Journal of Taxonomy 943 (1): 80-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2587, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2587/11789
