taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DE879FDF4BCF6E448211EFFCFE4111.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adult. Small flies, body length 2.5 – 5.0 mm, moderately broad to slender. Head: Width equal to that of thorax, distinctly wider than high; frons wider than long, becoming narrower toward anterior margin, bearing 1 or 2 fronto­orbital setae; postocellar setae present and divergent or absent. Pedicel cap­like and with a dorsal cleft, bearing 1 or more dorsoapical setae; flagellomere 1 frequently sharply deflexed, extended from ventral surface of pedicel; arista bipectinate. Face uniformly sclerotised and arched, setose laterally. Thorax: Dorsocentral setae usually 2 (0 + 2), sometimes 1 (0 + 1), none presutural; posterior intra­alar seta reduced; scutellum with 1 or 2 pairs of marginal setae; scutellar disc bare; anepisternal seta usually lacking (present in Planinasus Cresson, 1914). Wing: Hyaline or with infuscate markings. Subcosta rudimentary, not reaching costal margin, and not fused apically with R 1; no costal breaks (a weakness in the costa just apicad of the humeral crossvein in Planinasus); costa extended to vein R 4 + 5 or M; cell dm with shallow fold running entire length; cell cup present, although CuA 2 either well developed or extremely reduced. Mid tibia bearing prominent, apicoventral seta. Classification: The concept of Periscelididae, as adopted here, follows McAlpine (1978, 1983) and includes a few genera previously assigned to Aulacigastridae Duda, 1924 (Cyamops, Planinasus, Stenocyamops Papp, 2006 and Stenomicra). McAlpine characterised Periscelididae primarily by the cap­like pedicel, which has a dorsal cleft, and its relationship to the first flagellomere. Although these characters are common to all Periscelididae, they also occur in Neurochaetidae McAlpine, 1978 (Woodley 1982) and some other acalyptrate genera. In a recent phylogenetic study of the Opomyzoidea Fallén, 1820, using 28 S ribosomal DNA and CAD (rudimentary) genes (Winkler et al. 2010), Stenomicra, Cyamops and Planinasus grouped consistently with moderate support with the genus Aulacigaster Macquart, 1835 and not with Periscelidinae. Moreover, the same analysis failed to find any support for a sister­group relationship between Periscelididae and Neurochaetidae. Their results highlight the need to study the phylogeny of these groups in greater detail and using different suites of characters.	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Freidberg, Amnon (2012): Periscelis stuckenbergi sp. n., the first record of the genus from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera: Periscelididae: Periscelidinae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 231, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0115, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0115
03DE879FDF48CF6C44BA10A2FD974619.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adult. Head: Eye microsetulose (sometimes sparsely so); occiput with a silvery­white, microtomentose area immediately adjacent to posterior margin of compound eye; frons with 1 fronto­orbital seta, reclinate; postvertical setae present, divergent; ocellar setae present, well developed; face uniformly sclerotized and transversely arched (shield­like in Scutops Coquilett, 1904); face setose laterally, strongly receded ventrally, extended laterally below gena; gena extended anterodorsally, bearing a row of setae, with anterior one inserted well above oral margin; mouth opening large. Thorax: Postpronotal seta well developed. Wing with costa extended to vein R 4 + 5; cell cup present, although vein CuA 2 extremely reduced. Abdomen: 7 th spiracle in sclerite, not free in membrane of female postabdomen. See Griffiths (1972) for discussion of male terminalia. Biology and behaviour: The immature stages, and to an extent the adults, are associated with sap from bleeding deciduous trees (oak, elm, cottonwood, etc.). Classification: The genera comprising Periscelidinae are those that Hennig (1969) included in his more restricted concept of the family, viz. Periscelis Loew, Marbenia Malloch, 1931, Neoscutops Malloch, 1926, Scutops Coquillett and Diopsosoma Malloch, 1932. These five genera comprise a well­established, monophyletic assemblage, with corroborative synapomorphies as follows: (1) mouth opening large; (2) occiput with a silvery­white, microtomentose area immediately adjacent to the posterior margin of the compound eye; (3) only one fronto­orbital seta, reclinate; (4) costal vein short, extended only to vein R 4 + 5; (5) vein CuA 2 reduced or absent; (6) several characters of the male terminalia (see Griffiths 1972).	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Freidberg, Amnon (2012): Periscelis stuckenbergi sp. n., the first record of the genus from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera: Periscelididae: Periscelidinae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 231, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0115, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0115
03DE879FDF49CF6C44CA1247FCDB44D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Head: Face distinctly angulate or with a protruding, transverse carina (best seen in lateral view); dorsal half of face narrow, not distinctly and broadly flattened or shield­like, ventral half of face lacking transverse furrows. Eyes normal, not borne on conspicuous stalks. Thorax: Scutellum broadly rounded apically, lacking patch of long setae apically. Chaetotaxy as follows: 2 posterior dorsocentral setae; presutural seta lacking; prescutellar acrostichal setae variable, depending on species­group. Wing mostly hyaline; apical section of vein M straight or very shallowly arched; vein R 1 bare dorsally; vein R 2 + 3 more­or­less evenly arched throughout, except for a small section just before apex. Abdomen: Male terminalia (based only on P. wheeleri (Sturtevant, 1923) and P. occidentalis Sturtevant, 1954): epandrium and surstyli connected with internal structures of terminalia; cercus moderately well sclerotised, longer than wide, porrect posteriorly, not narrowed apically, bearing several moderately long setae, but lacking stout, tooth­like setae at apex; surstyli fused with ventral margin of epandrium, asymmetrical or symmetrical, narrow and rounded apically, bearing sparse, short setulae on apical half; a well­sclerotised process joining base of surstylus; gonite distinct and comparatively long, tapered ventrally, shorter than surstylus.	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Freidberg, Amnon (2012): Periscelis stuckenbergi sp. n., the first record of the genus from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera: Periscelididae: Periscelidinae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 231, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0115, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0115
03DE879FDF4ECF6944FE12B6FEBA42FD.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 7 Etymology: It is a pleasure to dedicate this new species to the late Brian R. Stuckenberg who was an indefatigable student of Afrotropical Diptera. Brian not only conducted excellent research himself on the taxonomy of Diptera from the Afrotropics and elsewhere, but he also very actively promoted study of this diverse fauna, and we were often the direct recipients of his encouragement and enthusiasm. Description: Generally dark brown; body length 2.25 – 2.60 mm; wing length 2.20 – 2.60 mm; wing width 0.75 – 1.00 mm. Head (Figs 1 – 3): Frons dark brown, shiny. Antenna generally brown, especially dorsally, yellowish brown to yellow ventrally; arista (Fig. 2) with 6 or 7 dorsal rays; 3 or 4 long ventral rays and 3 much shorter rays between longer rays. Face (Figs 1, 3) with dorsal three quarters generally brown, parallel­sided, with lateral and especially ventral margins yellowish, generally flat, ventral margin of this portion distinctly convex; ventral and ventrolateral portions shiny to subshiny, subshiny portions greyish microtomentose; gena with thin area immediately ventrad of eye whitish to silvery white, microtomentose; postoccipital thin area immediately posterior to posterior margin silvery white, microtomentose. Clypeus thin and narrow, colouration similar to ventral portion of face. Thorax: Mesonotum (Fig. 5) mostly dark brown, mostly shiny, sparsely invested with grey microtomentum, postpronotum slightly lighter brown; pleura dark brown. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 postpronotal; 2 notopleurals; 1 supra­alar; 1 postalar; 2 dorsocentrals (0 + 2); 2 scutellars, apical 3 – 4 × length of basal; 2 katepisternals, both near dorsal margin. Wing (Fig. 4): Generally lightly brown on anterior portion and hyaline posteriorly; veins dark brown to ochreous; wing proportion 0.35 – 0.42 (last proportion from flattened, slide­mounted wing); 1 st costal proportion 0.10 – 0.14; 2 nd costal proportion 0.46 – 0.58; costal section I (humeral – R 1) 0.70 – 1.00 mm; costal section II (R 1 – R 2 + 3) 0.90 – 1.10 mm; costal section III (R 2 + 3 – R 4 + 5) 0.09 – 0.15 mm; costal section IV (R 4 + 5 – M) 0.20 – 0.30 mm; subcosta short, length about equal to width of cell, attenuated apically; vein R 2 + 3 conspicuously arched; cell R 2 + 3 with semiquadrate spot near middle; cell M with large, semiquadrate spot at basal third, aligned slightly basad of spot in cell R 2 + 3; crossvein dm – cu short, subequal to length of crossvein r – m; vein M straight, nearly parallel with vein R 4 + 5. Legs: Except tarsi, generally dark brown except for yellowish ventral portion of coxae, trochanters and bases of femora; fore tarsus with basitarsomere and sometimes tarsomere 2 dark brown, apical tarsomeres yellow, but becoming slightly darker apically; tarsomeres of mid and hind legs yellowish basally, apical 2 or 3 tarsomeres sometimes darkened, colouration variable. Abdomen: Dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs 6, 7): Generally reduced, apparently through fusion. Epandrium as an inverted U (Fig. 6), wider than high, lateral margin in posterior view shallowly arched, in lateral view (Fig. 7) somewhat rectangular but widest just ventrad of midheight, thereafter tapered ventrally; surstylus apparently fused to ventral margin of epandrium as a tapered, ventral projection; cerci robustly developed, 2 × as high as wide in posterior view (Fig. 6), digitiform, bearing numerous setulae, these elongate along ventral margin and very stoutly developed, spine­like medially and medioventrally; aedeagus (phallus) in lateral view (Fig. 7) greatly elongate, slender, somewhat membranous, deeply Ushaped, arched medially, basal and apical sections nearly straight; gonite in lateral view slipper­like, tapered apically; subepandrial plate a narrow arch that is projected medially; ejaculatory apodeme well developed with narrow stem, distal portion fan­like; phallapodeme and hypandrium apparently fused indistinguishably, forming a relatively well­sclerotized, deep pocket or pouch (Fig. 7). Holotype: ♂ “ ETHIOPIA: GAMO GOFA, Arba Minch ‘ forest’ [6 ° 02 ’ N 37 ° 33 ’ E], 1300 m at tree resin 9. ii. 2000. I. YAROM & A. FREIDBERG / Holotype ♂ Periscelis stuckenbergi Mathis & Freidberg TAU [red]. ” The holotype is double mounted (minuten in a block of plastic) and is in excellent condition (TAU). Paratypes: ETHIOPIA: Gamu-Gofa: 5 ♂ 6 ♀ same label data as holotype (TAU, USNM); 1 ♀ 3 km NE Ārba Minch, 1300 m, 5. ii. 2000, A. Freidberg & I. Yarom (TAU). Remarks: The type locality is in southern Ethiopia, near the town of Ārba Minch. The specimens were collected in a disturbed habitat, just outside the Ārba Minch forest reserve, while they were moving around resin sap from a tree wound located 1.5 – 2.0 m above the ground. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of many organisations and individuals who contributed to the field work and production of this paper. We thank I. Yarom for assistance with fieldwork. We also thank Alessandra Rung and an anonymous reviewer for reviewing an earlier draft of the paper. Illustrations of the new species, especially Figs 1 – 5, were expertly produced by Karolyn Darrow who is gratefully thanked.	en	Mathis, Wayne N., Freidberg, Amnon (2012): Periscelis stuckenbergi sp. n., the first record of the genus from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera: Periscelididae: Periscelidinae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 231, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0115, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0115
