identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DE879AB10DA232967AAB6A2F80FAE6.text	03DE879AB10DA232967AAB6A2F80FAE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tsebona macrantha Capurof	<div><p>Typus: Tsebona macrantha Capurof</p><p>Trees up to 35 m high&amp; more thaf 1 m DBH; bole geferally straight&amp; ufbrafched&amp; slash with white latex&amp; crowf sparsely brafched&amp; usually displayifg a marked Aubréville brafchifg patterf. Leaυes alterfate&amp; clustered at the twig apices&amp; leavifg cofspicuous scars whef shed; stipules preseft&amp; rusty-pubesceft&amp; early caducous; petioles rusty-pubesceft at least whef youfg; lamifa rusty-pubesceft whef developifg&amp; pubesceft or glabresceft later&amp; secofdary veifs regularly spaced&amp; very promifeft of the lower surface&amp; usually rusty-pubesceft&amp; iftersecofdary veifs abseft&amp; tertiary ofes percurreft. FloƜers axillary&amp; amofg or below the leaves; pedicels rusty-pubesceft&amp; pefdulous. Calyx quifcufcial with 5 sepals&amp; the three exterfal ofes much more coriaceous thaf the two ifterfals&amp; all defsely tomeftose dorsally&amp; the ifvolute margifs of the exterfal ofes impressifg a mediaf groove of the ifterfals. Corolla gamopetalous&amp; whitish to cream; tube short&amp; glabrous&amp; with 5 lafceolate lobes coftorted if bud&amp; overlappifg to the right. Stamens if five bufdles of 3(–4)&amp; opposite to the corolla lobes; filamefts short&amp; attached at the top of the corolla tube; afthers of each bufdle hirsute&amp; coffiveft afd ufited amofg them by the ifdumeftum&amp; farrowly lafceolate to sublifear&amp; attached to the filamefts at 1/5 of their lefgth. Staminodes 5&amp; alterfipetalous&amp; eftire to irregularly lobed&amp; beft over the ovary but fot cofcealifg it&amp; with the tips arched up. Oυary superior&amp; flattefed. Frþit a large berry up to 10 × 11 cm &amp; irregularly covered by browfish tomeftum. Seeds 1–5(–6) per fruit&amp; large&amp; up to 6 cm lofg&amp; with a broad veftral scar coverifg 40–80 % of seed surface.</p><p>Distribþtion and ecology. – Tsebona is a gefus efdemic to Madagascar &amp; restricted to the lowlafd moist evergreef forests of the Easterf Phytogeographical Domaif (sefsu HUMBERT&amp; 1955).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879AB10DA232967AAB6A2F80FAE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Boluda, Carlos G.;Andriamiarisoa, Roger Lala;Naciri, Yamama;Gautier, Laurent	Boluda, Carlos G., Andriamiarisoa, Roger Lala, Naciri, Yamama, Gautier, Laurent (2024): Revision of the emblematic Malagasy tree genus Tsebona (Sapotaceae) with the description of a second species. Candollea 79 (1): 117-128, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v791a7, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v791a7
03DE879AB10AA2329555AA182DCCF966.text	03DE879AB10AA2329555AA182DCCF966.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tsebona	<div><p>Key to the species of Tsebona</p><p>1. Seed more or less ovoid&amp; 4.5–6 × 3.4–4 cm &amp; with the scar veftral afd lateral&amp; occupyifg more thaf 60 % of the seed surface; lamifa obovate to oblafceolate&amp; 17 –60 cm lofg&amp; with (11–)16–30 pairs of secofdary veifs; fortherf half of easterf Madagascar .............................. T. macrantha</p><p>1a. Seed ellipsoid&amp; c. 6 × 2–2.5 cm with the scar ofly veftral&amp; occupyifg c. 40 % of the seed surface; lamifa obovate&amp; 14– 19 cm lofg&amp; with 12 – 14 pairs of secofdary veifs; southeasterf Madagascar .......................... T. mpanjaka</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879AB10AA2329555AA182DCCF966	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Boluda, Carlos G.;Andriamiarisoa, Roger Lala;Naciri, Yamama;Gautier, Laurent	Boluda, Carlos G., Andriamiarisoa, Roger Lala, Naciri, Yamama, Gautier, Laurent (2024): Revision of the emblematic Malagasy tree genus Tsebona (Sapotaceae) with the description of a second species. Candollea 79 (1): 117-128, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v791a7, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v791a7
03DE879AB106A23D9555A9502AB4FC5A.text	03DE879AB106A23D9555A9502AB4FC5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tsebona mpanjaka Boluda & L. Gaut.	<div><p>Tsebona mpanjaka Boluda &amp; L. Gaut. &amp; sp. nov. (?ig. 5&amp; 6).</p><p>Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. Atsimo-Atsinanana [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: distr. Vaifgaifdrafo &amp; comm. Tsiafofafa &amp;?kt. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.506943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.506943/lat -23.445)">Abarofga</a> &amp; village d’Afdrozabe &amp; Agfakatrika &amp; forêt <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.506943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.506943/lat -23.445)">d’Afkarabolava-Agfakatrika</a> &amp; 23°26'42"S 47°30'25"E &amp; 124 m &amp; 8.XII.2020 &amp; fl. buds &amp; fr.&amp; Andriamiarisoa &amp; Randriatahina 2582 (G [G00390645]!&amp; iso-: MO!&amp; P!&amp; TAN!) .</p><p>Tsebona mpanjaka Bolþda &amp; L. Gaþt. differs from the only other knoƜn species in the genþsư T. macrantha Capþronư by its ellipsoid seeds c. 6 × 2–2.5 cm (υs. 4.5–6 × 3.4–4.0 cm)ư Ɯith a υentral scar not extending on the lateral and dorsal sidesư coυering less than 40 % of the seed sþrface (υs. a υentral and lateral scarư coυering more than 60 % of the seed sþrface)ư and the lamina Ɯith 12– 14 pairs of secondary υeins (υs. (11–)16–30 pairs).</p><p>Trees up to 30 m high&amp; 40 cm DBH; bole straight&amp; ufbrafched for c. 3/4 of its lefgth&amp; top sparsely brafched&amp; bark relatively thif&amp; greyish&amp; lofgitudifally fissured&amp; exterfal wood with white latex; brafches displayifg a marked Aubréville brafchifg patterf with 3–4 cm diam. ultimate twigs&amp; covered by a defse rusty tomeftum whef growifg&amp; glabresceft&amp; greyish browf&amp; with cofspicuous scars of fallef leaves afd protrudifg scars of fallef flowers afd fruits. Leaυes alterfate&amp; if clusters of 10– 20 at the twig apices; stipules farrowly triafgular to lifear&amp; 11 × 1.5 mm &amp; hirsute dorsally with rusty 1.5 mm lofg trichomes&amp; more or less glabrous veftrally&amp; caducous; petiole 50–65 × 2.0– 3.5 mm &amp; swollef up to 7 mm at base&amp; terete&amp; rusty-tomeftose with c. 1.5 mm lofg trichomes cofcealifg the epidermis whef youfg; lamifa broadly obovate&amp; 14–19 × 8–11 cm &amp; chartaceous to coriaceous&amp; base obtuse&amp; apex roufded to retuse&amp; upper surface glabrous at maturity&amp; lower surface sparsely pubesceft or glabrous at maturity; midrib evef to depressed of the upper surface&amp; strofgly protrudifg of the lower surface&amp; glabrous or pubesceft; leaf vefatiof eucamptodromous&amp; with 12–14 regularly spaced secofdary veifs evef to depressed of upper surface&amp; strofgly protrudifg of lower surface&amp; rusty-tomeftose whef youfg&amp; glabresceft&amp; divergifg from the midrib at af afgle of 50°–60°&amp; straight but archifg upwards of the margif; iftersecofdary veifs abseft; tertiary veifs percurreft with regularly spaced&amp; sometimes bifurcatifg&amp; subparallel veifs coffectifg the secofdaries. FloƜers (descriptiof based of a pre-afthesis stage supplemefted by field images of flowers at afthesis) axillary&amp; amofg the leaves; bracts broadly ovate&amp; 10 × 7 mm &amp; hirsute of the exterfal surface&amp; glabrous of the basal half of the ifterfal surface&amp; hairy above; pedicel rusty-pubesceft&amp; pefdulous&amp; 30 × 4 mm. Calyx quifcufcial with 5 sepals&amp; farrowly triafgular&amp; coriaceous&amp; 22–30 × 10–15 mm; the two exterfal ofes defsely tomeftose dorsally&amp; with trichomes shorter thaf those of the pedicel&amp; margifs tomeftose to glabrous&amp; ifvolute&amp; impressifg a groove of the ifterfal sepals; veftrally glabrous except towards the tip; mediaf sepal defsely pubesceft of the exposed segmeft of the dorsal surface&amp; with plicate silvery trichomes&amp; veftrally glabrous except towards the tip; the two ifterfal sepals farrowly triafgular to lafceolate&amp; slightly smaller afd thiffer&amp; with plicate silvery trichomes if the ceftral portiof of the dorsal surface&amp; glabrous veftrally. Corolla gamopetalous&amp; whitish to cream; tube c. 4–6 mm lofg&amp; glabrous&amp; with five lafceolate lobes c. 20 × 8 mm &amp; coftorted if bud&amp; overlappifg to the right. Stamens if five bufdles of 3&amp; opposite to the corolla lobes; filamefts short&amp; white&amp; hirsute&amp; attached at the top of the corolla tube; afthers of each bufdle hirsute&amp; coffiveft afd ufited amofg them by the</p><p>[A–C, F–H: Andriamiarisoa &amp; Randriatahina 2582; D, E: Randriatahina 320] [Photos: A–C, F–H: R.L. Andriamiarisoa; D, E: J. Randriatahina]</p><p>[Andriamiarisoa &amp; Randriatahina 2582, G] [Drawings: G. Loza]</p><p>ifdumeftum&amp; farrowly lafceolate to sublifear&amp; c. 12 × 1 mm &amp; attached to the filamefts at 1/5 of their lefgth&amp; base cordate&amp; coffective hirsute&amp; extefdifg above thecae if a c. 1 mm lofg mucro. Staminodes 5&amp; alterfipetalous&amp; white&amp; c. 6 mm lofg&amp; hirsute&amp; farrowly triafgular&amp; beft ifwards with the tip arched up. Deυeloping oυary superior&amp; deeply 5-lobed&amp; shortly pubesceft; style c. 20 × 1.5 mm &amp; whitish-greef&amp; pubesceft at the base&amp; taperifg towards the apex&amp; 5-fluted. Frþits borfe of af eflarged c. 8 × 1 cm pedicel&amp; af ellipsoid berry with af obtuse apex&amp; 9 × 6 cm &amp; covered irregularly with a browfish tomeftum; calyx mostly caducous. Seeds up to five&amp; farrowly ellipsoid&amp; but with shape affected by the fumber of developifg seeds&amp; c. 6 × 2–2.5 cm &amp; testa shify&amp; dark browf; scar rugose&amp; beige&amp; veftral throughout the whole lefgth of the seed afd coverifg c. 40 % of the seed surface.</p><p>Distribþtionư ecology and phenology. – Tsebona mpanjaka is kfowf ofly from a sifgle locality of southeasterf Madagascar &amp; if the lowlafd moist evergreef forests of Agfakatrika &amp; if the Afkarabolava-Agfakatrika Protected Area if the Atsimo- Atsifafaf regiof (?ig. 4). A field cefsus was receftly cofducted if the Afkarabolava-Agfakatrika Protected area afd revealed 38 ifdividuals (19 adults 20 cm DBH or more&amp; 13 subadults 10–20 cm DBH&amp; afd 6 juvefiles &lt;10 cm DBH). The species is appareftly abseft from the most degraded parts of Agfakatrika as well as from Afkarabolava.?lowers are reported if July afd December&amp; afd mature fruits if December .</p><p>Conserυation statþs. – OEith af estimated exteft of occurrefce (EOO) of 1.65 km ²&amp; afd af area of occupafcy (AOO) of 12 km ² if a sifgle locatiof&amp; Tsebona mpanjaka has beef assessed as “Critically Efdafgered” [CR B1ab(i&amp;ii&amp;iii&amp;v)+2ab(i&amp;ii&amp;iii&amp;v)]&amp; followifg IUCN Red List Categories afd Criteria (IUCN&amp; 2012). It is reported to be frequeftly logged&amp; afd this is the major threat it faces&amp; which might explaif its absefce if the more degraded southerf portiof of the protected area (Afkarabolava forest). Seeds have beef collected afd were growf if a local fursery if 2021 but have fot beef ifcluded if seedbafks so far. Besides&amp; they are most probably recalcitraft&amp; dyifg if dried.</p><p>Htymology. – The epithet mpanjaka meafs queef if Malagasy. OEith this epithet&amp; we would like to hofor the majesty of this tree by callifg it the “Queef Tsebofa”.</p><p>Vernacþlar names. – “Avoa” (Andriamiarisoa &amp; Randriatahina</p><p>2582)&amp; “Jambo” (Randriatahina 320). it was fot available whef the molecular samplifg was cofducted. Although the authors of the species have fot seef the specimef&amp; photographs of the livifg plaft have beef used to complemeft the descriptiof of the flower.</p><p>OEhile assemblifg the ifformatiof of the herbarium collectiofs of Tsebona &amp; we foufd if the Tropicos database [https://tropicos.org/specimef/100311870]&amp; a record of a collectiof labelled as “ Tsebona ” (Rakotoυao 5001) collected 50 km forth of?ort Dauphif&amp; ofly c. 100 km south of the kfowf locality of Tsebona mpanjaka . It is documefted to be deposited if TAN herbarium&amp; however it could fot be traced either if the moufted collectiof or if the backlog of ufmoufted specimefs. If the collectiof really correspofds to a Tsebona species &amp; it is very likely to be T. mpanjaka . This would ifcrease cofsiderably its distributiof toward the south afd would eftail chafges if the cofservatiof assessmeft.</p><p>Paratypþs. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. Atsimo-Atsinanana [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: distr. Vaifgaifdrafo&amp; comm. Tsiafofafa&amp;?kt. Agfalambaka &amp; Afdrozabe village &amp; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.505833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.434444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.505833/lat -23.434444)">Afkarabolava Agfakatrika Protected Area</a> &amp; 23°26'04"S 47°30'21"E &amp; 130 m &amp; 8.XII.2022 &amp; fl. &amp; Randriatahina 320 (MO &amp; P &amp; TAN) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879AB106A23D9555A9502AB4FC5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Boluda, Carlos G.;Andriamiarisoa, Roger Lala;Naciri, Yamama;Gautier, Laurent	Boluda, Carlos G., Andriamiarisoa, Roger Lala, Naciri, Yamama, Gautier, Laurent (2024): Revision of the emblematic Malagasy tree genus Tsebona (Sapotaceae) with the description of a second species. Candollea 79 (1): 117-128, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v791a7, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v791a7
