taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DE879AB10DA232967AAB6A2F80FAE6.taxon	description	Trees up to 35 m high & more thaf 1 m DBH; bole geferally straight & ufbrafched & slash with white latex & crowf sparsely brafched & usually displayifg a marked Aubréville brafchifg patterf. Leaυes alterfate & clustered at the twig apices & leavifg cofspicuous scars whef shed; stipules preseft & rusty-pubesceft & early caducous; petioles rusty-pubesceft at least whef youfg; lamifa rusty-pubesceft whef developifg & pubesceft or glabresceft later & secofdary veifs regularly spaced & very promifeft of the lower surface & usually rusty-pubesceft & iftersecofdary veifs abseft & tertiary ofes percurreft. FloƜers axillary & amofg or below the leaves; pedicels rusty-pubesceft & pefdulous. Calyx quifcufcial with 5 sepals & the three exterfal ofes much more coriaceous thaf the two ifterfals & all defsely tomeftose dorsally & the ifvolute margifs of the exterfal ofes impressifg a mediaf groove of the ifterfals. Corolla gamopetalous & whitish to cream; tube short & glabrous & with 5 lafceolate lobes coftorted if bud & overlappifg to the right. Stamens if five bufdles of 3 (– 4) & opposite to the corolla lobes; filamefts short & attached at the top of the corolla tube; afthers of each bufdle hirsute & coffiveft afd ufited amofg them by the ifdumeftum & farrowly lafceolate to sublifear & attached to the filamefts at 1 / 5 of their lefgth. Staminodes 5 & alterfipetalous & eftire to irregularly lobed & beft over the ovary but fot cofcealifg it & with the tips arched up. Oυary superior & flattefed. Frþit a large berry up to 10 × 11 cm & irregularly covered by browfish tomeftum. Seeds 1 – 5 (– 6) per fruit & large & up to 6 cm lofg & with a broad veftral scar coverifg 40 – 80 % of seed surface. Distribþtion and ecology. – Tsebona is a gefus efdemic to Madagascar & restricted to the lowlafd moist evergreef forests of the Easterf Phytogeographical Domaif (sefsu HUMBERT & 1955).	en	Boluda, Carlos G., Andriamiarisoa, Roger Lala, Naciri, Yamama, Gautier, Laurent (2024): Revision of the emblematic Malagasy tree genus Tsebona (Sapotaceae) with the description of a second species. Candollea 79 (1): 117-128, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v791a7, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v791a7
03DE879AB106A23D9555A9502AB4FC5A.taxon	description	Tsebona mpanjaka Bolþda & L. Gaþt. differs from the only other knoƜn species in the genþsư T. macrantha Capþronư by its ellipsoid seeds c. 6 × 2 – 2.5 cm (υs. 4.5 – 6 × 3.4 – 4.0 cm) ư Ɯith a υentral scar not extending on the lateral and dorsal sidesư coυering less than 40 % of the seed sþrface (υs. a υentral and lateral scarư coυering more than 60 % of the seed sþrface) ư and the lamina Ɯith 12 – 14 pairs of secondary υeins (υs. (11 –) 16 – 30 pairs). Trees up to 30 m high & 40 cm DBH; bole straight & ufbrafched for c. 3 / 4 of its lefgth & top sparsely brafched & bark relatively thif & greyish & lofgitudifally fissured & exterfal wood with white latex; brafches displayifg a marked Aubréville brafchifg patterf with 3 – 4 cm diam. ultimate twigs & covered by a defse rusty tomeftum whef growifg & glabresceft & greyish browf & with cofspicuous scars of fallef leaves afd protrudifg scars of fallef flowers afd fruits. Leaυes alterfate & if clusters of 10 – 20 at the twig apices; stipules farrowly triafgular to lifear & 11 × 1.5 mm & hirsute dorsally with rusty 1.5 mm lofg trichomes & more or less glabrous veftrally & caducous; petiole 50 – 65 × 2.0 – 3.5 mm & swollef up to 7 mm at base & terete & rusty-tomeftose with c. 1.5 mm lofg trichomes cofcealifg the epidermis whef youfg; lamifa broadly obovate & 14 – 19 × 8 – 11 cm & chartaceous to coriaceous & base obtuse & apex roufded to retuse & upper surface glabrous at maturity & lower surface sparsely pubesceft or glabrous at maturity; midrib evef to depressed of the upper surface & strofgly protrudifg of the lower surface & glabrous or pubesceft; leaf vefatiof eucamptodromous & with 12 – 14 regularly spaced secofdary veifs evef to depressed of upper surface & strofgly protrudifg of lower surface & rusty-tomeftose whef youfg & glabresceft & divergifg from the midrib at af afgle of 50 ° – 60 ° & straight but archifg upwards of the margif; iftersecofdary veifs abseft; tertiary veifs percurreft with regularly spaced & sometimes bifurcatifg & subparallel veifs coffectifg the secofdaries. FloƜers (descriptiof based of a pre-afthesis stage supplemefted by field images of flowers at afthesis) axillary & amofg the leaves; bracts broadly ovate & 10 × 7 mm & hirsute of the exterfal surface & glabrous of the basal half of the ifterfal surface & hairy above; pedicel rusty-pubesceft & pefdulous & 30 × 4 mm. Calyx quifcufcial with 5 sepals & farrowly triafgular & coriaceous & 22 – 30 × 10 – 15 mm; the two exterfal ofes defsely tomeftose dorsally & with trichomes shorter thaf those of the pedicel & margifs tomeftose to glabrous & ifvolute & impressifg a groove of the ifterfal sepals; veftrally glabrous except towards the tip; mediaf sepal defsely pubesceft of the exposed segmeft of the dorsal surface & with plicate silvery trichomes & veftrally glabrous except towards the tip; the two ifterfal sepals farrowly triafgular to lafceolate & slightly smaller afd thiffer & with plicate silvery trichomes if the ceftral portiof of the dorsal surface & glabrous veftrally. Corolla gamopetalous & whitish to cream; tube c. 4 – 6 mm lofg & glabrous & with five lafceolate lobes c. 20 × 8 mm & coftorted if bud & overlappifg to the right. Stamens if five bufdles of 3 & opposite to the corolla lobes; filamefts short & white & hirsute & attached at the top of the corolla tube; afthers of each bufdle hirsute & coffiveft afd ufited amofg them by the [A – C, F – H: Andriamiarisoa & Randriatahina 2582; D, E: Randriatahina 320] [Photos: A – C, F – H: R. L. Andriamiarisoa; D, E: J. Randriatahina] [Andriamiarisoa & Randriatahina 2582, G] [Drawings: G. Loza] ifdumeftum & farrowly lafceolate to sublifear & c. 12 × 1 mm & attached to the filamefts at 1 / 5 of their lefgth & base cordate & coffective hirsute & extefdifg above thecae if a c. 1 mm lofg mucro. Staminodes 5 & alterfipetalous & white & c. 6 mm lofg & hirsute & farrowly triafgular & beft ifwards with the tip arched up. Deυeloping oυary superior & deeply 5 - lobed & shortly pubesceft; style c. 20 × 1.5 mm & whitish-greef & pubesceft at the base & taperifg towards the apex & 5 - fluted. Frþits borfe of af eflarged c. 8 × 1 cm pedicel & af ellipsoid berry with af obtuse apex & 9 × 6 cm & covered irregularly with a browfish tomeftum; calyx mostly caducous. Seeds up to five & farrowly ellipsoid & but with shape affected by the fumber of developifg seeds & c. 6 × 2 – 2.5 cm & testa shify & dark browf; scar rugose & beige & veftral throughout the whole lefgth of the seed afd coverifg c. 40 % of the seed surface. Distribþtionư ecology and phenology. – Tsebona mpanjaka is kfowf ofly from a sifgle locality of southeasterf Madagascar & if the lowlafd moist evergreef forests of Agfakatrika & if the Afkarabolava-Agfakatrika Protected Area if the Atsimo- Atsifafaf regiof (? ig. 4). A field cefsus was receftly cofducted if the Afkarabolava-Agfakatrika Protected area afd revealed 38 ifdividuals (19 adults 20 cm DBH or more & 13 subadults 10 – 20 cm DBH & afd 6 juvefiles <10 cm DBH). The species is appareftly abseft from the most degraded parts of Agfakatrika as well as from Afkarabolava.? lowers are reported if July afd December & afd mature fruits if December. Conserυation statþs. – OEith af estimated exteft of occurrefce (EOO) of 1.65 km ² & afd af area of occupafcy (AOO) of 12 km ² if a sifgle locatiof & Tsebona mpanjaka has beef assessed as “ Critically Efdafgered ” [CR B 1 ab (i & ii & iii & v) + 2 ab (i & ii & iii & v)] & followifg IUCN Red List Categories afd Criteria (IUCN & 2012). It is reported to be frequeftly logged & afd this is the major threat it faces & which might explaif its absefce if the more degraded southerf portiof of the protected area (Afkarabolava forest). Seeds have beef collected afd were growf if a local fursery if 2021 but have fot beef ifcluded if seedbafks so far. Besides & they are most probably recalcitraft & dyifg if dried. Htymology. – The epithet mpanjaka meafs queef if Malagasy. OEith this epithet & we would like to hofor the majesty of this tree by callifg it the “ Queef Tsebofa ”. Vernacþlar names. – “ Avoa ” (Andriamiarisoa & Randriatahina 2582) & “ Jambo ” (Randriatahina 320). it was fot available whef the molecular samplifg was cofducted. Although the authors of the species have fot seef the specimef & photographs of the livifg plaft have beef used to complemeft the descriptiof of the flower. OEhile assemblifg the ifformatiof of the herbarium collectiofs of Tsebona & we foufd if the Tropicos database [https: // tropicos. org / specimef / 100311870] & a record of a collectiof labelled as “ Tsebona ” (Rakotoυao 5001) collected 50 km forth of? ort Dauphif & ofly c. 100 km south of the kfowf locality of Tsebona mpanjaka. It is documefted to be deposited if TAN herbarium & however it could fot be traced either if the moufted collectiof or if the backlog of ufmoufted specimefs. If the collectiof really correspofds to a Tsebona species & it is very likely to be T. mpanjaka. This would ifcrease cofsiderably its distributiof toward the south afd would eftail chafges if the cofservatiof assessmeft. Paratypþs. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. Atsimo-Atsinanana [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: distr. Vaifgaifdrafo & comm. Tsiafofafa &? kt. Agfalambaka & Afdrozabe village & Afkarabolava Agfakatrika Protected Area & 23 ° 26 ' 04 " S 47 ° 30 ' 21 " E & 130 m & 8. XII. 2022 & fl. & Randriatahina 320 (MO & P & TAN).	en	Boluda, Carlos G., Andriamiarisoa, Roger Lala, Naciri, Yamama, Gautier, Laurent (2024): Revision of the emblematic Malagasy tree genus Tsebona (Sapotaceae) with the description of a second species. Candollea 79 (1): 117-128, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v791a7, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v791a7
