taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DE87EAC974FFDCFF685284FBF8B683.taxon	discussion	This key is a modification of the key presented in Duchemin and Ratovonjato (2004).	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC972FFD0FF68512AFE9DB2F7.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 9351 B 91 F-FC 97 - 47 FB-B 8 C 2 - C 1194681 FFC 8 Figs 1 - 13	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC972FFD0FF68512AFE9DB2F7.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype. 3, 1 ♀ Paratype (SMG- 13919), Fianarantsoa Province, Midongy S, Parc National de Midongy-Sud, NE slope Mt Papango (23 ° 50 ’ 17.9982 ” S, 46 ° 57 ’ 29.9988 ” E), 3.5 km SW Befotaka, 1250 m, ex Eliurus tanala Major, 1896 (FMNH- 178699), 3 XI 2003, S. G. Goodman; allotype ♀, 43, 1 ♀ paratypes (SMG- 13903, SMG- 13924), same data as holotype except E. tanala (FMNH- 178698, FMNH- 178644), 2 - 5 XI 2003; 1 ♀ paratype (SMG- 13904), same data as holotype except Eliurus majori Thomas, 1895 (FMNH- 178686); 33, 7 ♀ paratypes (SMG- 13918, SMG- 13935), same data as holotype except Eliurus webbi Ellerman, 1849 (FMNH- 178712, FMNH- 178646), 3, 6 XI 2003; 13 paratype (SMG- 13920), same data as holotype except Gymnuromys roberti Major, 1896 (FMNH- 178717); 13 paratype (SMG- 13905), same data as holotype except Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (FMNH- 178680), 2 X 2003; 13, 1 ♀ paratypes (SMG- 13863, SMG- 13900), Parc National de Midongy-Sud, NE slope Mt Papango (23 ° 50 ’ 06 ” S, 46 ° 57 ’ 47.9982 ” E), 2.5 km SW Befotaka, 875 m elev., ex E. tanala (FMNH- 178693, FMNH- 178696), 28, 31 X 2003, S. M. Goodman; 1 ♀ paratype (SMG- 13979), W slope Mt Ambatobe, 1.2 km ENE Ampatramary, 9.5 km NE Midongy-Sud (23 ° 30 ’ 36 ” S, 47 ° 03 ’ 6.0012 ” E), 650 m elev., ex E. webbi (FMNH- 178716), 14 XI 2003, S. M. Goodman; 1 ♀ paratype (SMG- 13980), W slope Mt Ambatobe, 1.2 km ENE Ampatramary, 9.5 km NE Midongy-Sud (23 ° 30 ’ 36 ” S, 47 ° 03 ’ 6.0012 ” E), 650 m elev., ex Eliurus minor Major, 1896 (FMNH- 178691), 14 XI 2003, S. M. Goodman; and 13 paratype (SMG- 14002), W slope Mt Ambatobe, 1.2 km ENE Ampatramary, 9.5 km NE Midongy-Sud (23 ° 30 ’ 36 ” S, 47 ° 03 ’ 6.0012 ” E), 650 m elev., ex Nesomys rufus Peters, 1870 (FMNH- 178649), 16 XI 2003. The holotype, allotype, and eight pairs of paratypes are deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, one pair of paratypes each in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C. and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA, and two pairs of paratypes in the senior author’s collection. Mammal host specimens are deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL.	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC972FFD0FF68512AFE9DB2F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males most closely allied with P. oconnori (females unknown), but distinguished by details of the aedeagus. The median dorsal lobe is expanded dorsally and greatly enlarged compared to all species except P. oconnori. Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis differs from P. oconnori by the presence of a distinct lateral lobe arising from the median dorsal lobe. Females differ from all other species possessing more than 28 teeth in the pronotal comb by the presence of one extremely long and narrow lobe on the caudal margin of S-VII (Fig. 9).	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC972FFD0FF68512AFE9DB2F7.taxon	description	Description. Head (Figs. 1 - 2). Frontal tubercle high on frons; farther from oral angle than distance from oral angle to base of first genal tooth. Frontal row of 9 setae; middle three thickened and somewhat spiniform. Two placoids above frontal tubercle. Preantennal area with minute scattered pits bearing minute coniform peg-like structures. Heavily sclerotized incrassation at oral angle; one thick seta at base of labial palpus. Area behind frontal row with 6 long setae and 17 - 18 minute scattered setae (only 4 long setae in female). Tentorium visible anterior to small pigmented eye; eye with ventral notch. Two genal ctenidia off-set at bases; anterior tooth about 2 / 3 length of posterior. Two lucodiscs at base of second genal tooth (see Hastriter 2009). Postantennal area with 4 rows of stout setae (4, 3, 6, and 7). Three placoids present; one lucodisc dorsad between rows 3 and 4. Occipital groove lacking. Antennal fossa heavily sclerotized from eye to falx and from falx to angle of scape. Scape with oblique row of 6 fine setae; two at dorsal apex. Pedicel with 8 - 10 fine marginal setae; none extended beyond basal segment of clavus. Clavus not extended onto prosternum. Penultimate segment of labial palpus shortest. Maxilla sharply pointed; palpus of 5 segments. Thorax (Fig. 1 - 2). Pronotum with two rows of setae (8, 6); pronotal ctenidia with 31 spines. Three lucodiscs present. Prosternum with heavily sclerotized phragma extended beneath ventral portion of pronotal ctenidia. Mesonotum with two rows of setae (6, 5); anterior group of scattered smaller setae. Mesepisternum with 3 setae (6 in female); mesepimeron with 4 setae. Pleural rod bifurcate at dorsal third. Mesosternum heavily sclerotized; truncate. One stout pseudoseta under hyaline mesonotal collar. Metanotum with two rows of setae (8, 6); main row very stout setae. Anterior scattered setae. Lateral margins of metanotum oblique from apex to lateral base; no apparent overlap with metepimeron. One pigmented marginal spinelet at dorsum. Lateral metanotal area with two setae. Metepisternum with one long seta; length of squamulum> 2 × width. Metasternum projecting ventrad between coxae. Pleural ridge stout; with hyaline ribbon-like sclerotization extended its length beneath. Metepimeron with 3 vertical rows of setae (5, 5, and 1) (anterior row only 2 in female); spiracle longer than wide, rounded at apex. Legs (Fig. 13). Procoxa with more than 40 lateral setae; 2 long marginal setae along apical caudal margin. Lateral sulcus of mesocoxa more than 3 / 4 complete. Metacoxa with apical comb of 5 long setae extended over trochanter. Profemur with 5 small lateral setae; one small mesal seta. One femoral-tibial guard seta on profemur; two on other femora; lateral short and stout, mesal long and stout. Margin of fore, mid and hind tibiae with three dorsal notches each bearing a one long seta, interspersed with false combs of heavy dark bristles. Three lateral rows of setae on metatibiae (7, 10, and 8). Distotarsomeres each with five pairs lateral plantar bristles; first pair shifted onto plantar surface between second pair. Each distotarsomere with 2 spiniform preapical plantar bristles; row of 4 setae at apex extended over tarsal claw on dorsal side of segment in addition to usual preapical lateral hairs. Numerous fine setae on plantar surfaces of distotarsomeres. Unmodified Abdominal Segments. Terga I-VI have three rows of setae (anterior composed of only 1 - 2 minute setae). Tergum VII with two rows of setae; three antesensilial bristles (lateral and mesal less than half-length of middle bristle). One seta below level of each spiracle in main rows. Sternum II with one stout seta; minute seta anterior to main seta. Sterna III-VII with main row of 3 stout setae, group of 6 - 8 smaller setae anterior to main rows. Sensilium with 18 sensilial pits. Modified Abdominal Segments, Male (Figs. 5 - 7). Tergum VIII extended onto basimere; with 3 long setae ventral to spiracle and group of 8 - 9 small setae dorsal to spiracle. Basimere of T-IX with few setae on lateral surface; mesal surface with oblique row of 8 - 9 minute setae from apex to middle of basimere. One long slender seta at caudal margin of basimere (may represent acetabular bristle). Telomere long, sides parallel with short marginal setae sparsely distributed along caudal and dorsal margins. Manubrium stout, long, and arched upward. Sternum VIII longer than wide with parallel sides; apex with sinus forming dorsal and ventral lobes. Lobes with 4 - 5 long setae; numerous shorter setae anterior to those on lobes. Distal arm of S-IX with sides of basal lobe somewhat parallel with fine long setae along caudal margin. Apical lobe of distal arm of S-IX tapering towards apex; fine setae on anterodorsal margin. Aedeagus (Figs. 3 - 4). Aedeagal apodeme long and narrow (length more than 5 × maximum width). Proximal spur sclerotized extended to enveloping girdle of phallosome. Penis rods exceed apex of aedeagal apodeme. Median dorsal lobe bulged on dorsum; rounded at apex. Ventral margin of median dorsal lobe with rugulose area, subtended by lateral lobes. Crescent sclerite sclerotized, thick in outline. Sclerotized inner tube with ornate sclerotized structures at dorsal apex. Crochet leaf-like towards apex; pointed apex folded back onto itself. Base of crochet with dorsal triangular lobe bearing small paxillus. Modified Abdominal Segments, Female (Figs. 9 - 12). Three antesensilial bristles, middle only slightly longer than others. Tergum VIII with two large apical lobes; dorsal shorter than ventral lobe. Eleven to 12 short setae dorsal to spiracle VIII; 1 very long and 2 short setae just below spiracle. Dorsal lobe of T-VIII without setae; ventral lobe with 15 - 16 setae, apical setae longer. Mesal surface of T- VIII with four stout setae. Sternum VII with long parallel sided lobe (length 6 - 7 × width). Oblique row of 6 stout long setae; 9 - 10 shorter setae anterior to main row. Hilla and bulga of spermatheca approximately equal in length; cribriform area flattened. Hilla slightly restricted at bulga. Bursa copulatrix reflected caudad as a smooth arch. Sclerotized portion of perula flattened on dorsum. Anal stylet expanded from base to one lateral seta; narrower from lateral seta to apex with one seta. Ventral anal lobe triangular; ventral margin with line of 3 very stout short setae and 3 stout long setae. Sternum VIII without setae Length (slide mounted specimens): Holotype 3.2 mm, male average: 3.1 mm (n = 12; range: 2709 - 3247 µ); allotype 3.3 mm, female average: 3.4 mm (n = 12; range: 3100 - 3844 µ).	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC972FFD0FF68512AFE9DB2F7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species bears the name of the country from which it was collected.	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC972FFD0FF68512AFE9DB2F7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The number of specimens of this new species is few and it appears to be limited to rodents of the murid subfamily Nesomyinae since six different species represented by three genera were infested. Its occurrence on R. rattus may be accidental, as this rodent is ubiquitous and plentiful but rarely infested by P. madagascarensis. Most of the species within the genus Paractenopsyllus infest either tenrecs, or murids, but not both (Table 1).	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC97CFFD3FF6852CFFBEFB007.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. 13, (MR- 265, DNA voucher F- 290, BYU), Antsiranana Province, Andranomifototra (13 ° 14.4 ’ S, 49 ° 35.2 ’ E), 750 - 900 m elec., 5.4 km W Ankijabe, ex Microgale drouhardi G. Grandidier, 1934 (UADBA 46021), 11 IX 2002, M. Raheriarisena; 1 ♀, (MR- 172), Antsiranana Province, Andohan Analamazava (13 ° 14.8 ’ S, 49 ° 36.1 ’ E), 3.8 km W Ankijabe, 600 - 900 m elev., ex M. drouhardi (UADBA 45933), 26 X 2002, M. Raheriarisena. Mammal specimens are deposited in the Université d’Antananarivo, Département de Biologie Animale (UADBA), Madagascar.	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC97CFFD3FF6852CFFBEFB007.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of female. Female sex (previously unknown) may be distinguished from all other species bearing two lobes on the caudal margin of S-VII and 28 or fewer ctenidia in the pronotal comb by the very broad and rounded lobes of the S-VII (Fig. 14). Most similar to P. vauceli Klein, 1965 in appearance of the spermatheca (distinctly longer that wide), but the two differ in the shape of the bursa copulatrix and perula. The caudal margin of the bursa copulatrix of P. raxworthyi is symmetrically curved from base to perula and the sclerotized dorsal portion of perula is elongated (Fig. 16).	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC97CFFD3FF6852CFFBEFB007.taxon	description	Description of female. Unless otherwise stated, the female characters of P. raxworthyi do not differ from those of P. madagascarensis described above. Head (Fig. 14). Distance from frontal tubercle to oral angle less than from oral angle to base of first genal spine. Thorax. Pronotal ctenidia with 25 spines. Mesepisternum with only two small setae. Metepimeron with one seta in front anterior row. Legs. Same as P. madagascarensis. Unmodified Abdominal Segments. Sternites III-VI with 4 stout setae in main rows. Modified Abdominal Segments (Figs. 15 - 16). Antesensilial bristles 3; lateral and mesal bristles nearly as long as middle bristle. Only 3 setae on mesal surface of T-VIII. Caudal margin of S-VII with broad dorsal lobe subtended by sinus and much larger ventral lobe (length 2 × maximum width). Length (slide mounted specimens): Male: 2.0 mm (n = 1); Female: 2.7 mm (n = 1).	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
03DE87EAC97CFFD3FF6852CFFBEFB007.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi was known only from two males collected from Tenrec ecaudatus (Schreber, 1777) and Microgale brevicaudata G. Grandidier, 1899 from Antisiranana Province (Duchemin and Ratovonjato 2004). Our sole female specimen may prove to belong to another yet undescribed species, but we base our association of this female with that of the male sex of P. raxworthyi on the following criteria: 1, both specimens were collected in the same season (26 October, ♀, and 11 November, 3), 2, both collected within the same narrow range of elevation (600 - 900 m), 3, both collected from the same host species (no other Paractenopsyllus species has ever been collected from this host species), and 4, the species is noticeably smaller than all other known species within the genus with the exception of P. duplantieri and P. juliamarinus. The length to width ratio of the bulga of the spermatheca of P. raxworthyi differs from the latter two species. Each of our specimens collected from a different specimen of M. drouhardi represent a new host record. DNA analysis was completed for the male for another study and is mentioned only for identification purposes. DNA analysis of both the male and female would have alleviated any doubt as to the identity of the female as P. raxworthyi. Unfortunately, the female was mounted on a glass slide before the authors realized its herein applied association with that of the P. raxworthyi male.	en	Hastriter, Michael, Dick, Carl (2009): A description of the flea species Paractenopsyllus madagascarensis n. sp. and the female sex of Paractenopsyllus raxworthyi Duchemin & Ratovonjato, 2004 (Siphonaptera, Leptopsyllidae) from Madagascar with a key to the species of Paractenopsyllus. ZooKeys 13 (13): 43-55, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.13.174
